101
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George CM, Brooks WA, Graziano JH, Nonyane BAS, Hossain L, Goswami D, Zaman K, Yunus M, Khan AF, Jahan Y, Ahmed D, Slavkovich V, Higdon M, Deloria-Knoll M, O' Brien KL. Arsenic exposure is associated with pediatric pneumonia in rural Bangladesh: a case control study. Environ Health 2015; 14:83. [PMID: 26497043 PMCID: PMC4619558 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-015-0069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for children under 5 years of age globally, making research on modifiable risk factors for childhood pneumonia important for reducing this disease burden. Millions of children globally are exposed to elevated levels of arsenic in drinking water. However, there is limited data on the association between arsenic exposure and respiratory infections, particularly among pediatric populations. METHODS This case control study of 153 pneumonia cases and 296 controls 28 days to 59 months of age in rural Bangladesh is the first to assess whether arsenic exposure is a risk factor for pneumonia in a pediatric population. Cases had physician diagnosed World Health Organization defined severe or very severe pneumonia. Urine collected during hospitalization (hospital admission time point) and 30 days later (convalescent time point) from cases and a single specimen from community controls was tested for urinary arsenic by graphite furnace atomic absorption. RESULTS The odds for pneumonia was nearly double for children with urinary arsenic concentrations higher than the first quartile (≥6 μg/L) at the hospital admission time point (Odd Ratio (OR):1.88 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.01, 3.53)), after adjustment for urinary creatinine, weight for height, breastfeeding, paternal education, age, and number of people in the household. This was consistent with findings at the convalescent time point where the adjusted OR for children with urinary arsenic concentrations greater than the first quartile (≥6 μg/L) was 2.32 (95% CI: 1.33, 4.02). CONCLUSION We observed a nearly two times higher odds of pneumonia for children with creatinine adjusted urinary arsenic concentrations greater than the first quartile (≥6 μg/L) at the hospital admission time point. This novel finding suggests that low to moderate arsenic exposure may be a risk factor for pneumonia in children under 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Marie George
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of International Health, Program in Global Disease Epidemiology and Control, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E5535, Baltimore, MD, 21205-2103, USA.
| | - W Abdullah Brooks
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Joseph H Graziano
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Bareng A S Nonyane
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Lokman Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Doli Goswami
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Khalequzzaman Zaman
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Mohammad Yunus
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Al Fazal Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Yasmin Jahan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Dilruba Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Vesna Slavkovich
- Department of Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Melissa Higdon
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Deloria-Knoll
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Katherine L O' Brien
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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102
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Heaney CD, Kmush B, Navas-Acien A, Francesconi K, Gössler W, Schulze K, Fairweather D, Mehra S, Nelson KE, Klein SL, Li W, Ali H, Shaikh S, Merrill RD, Wu L, West KP, Christian P, Labrique AB. Arsenic exposure and hepatitis E virus infection during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 142:273-80. [PMID: 26186135 PMCID: PMC4609253 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic has immunomodulatory properties and may have the potential to alter susceptibility to infection in humans. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the relation of arsenic exposure during pregnancy with immune function and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, defined as seroconversion during pregnancy and postpartum. METHODS We assessed IgG seroconversion to HEV between 1st and 3rd trimester (TM) and 3 months postpartum (PP) among 1100 pregnancies in a multiple micronutrient supplementation trial in rural Bangladesh. Forty women seroconverted to HEV and were matched with 40 non-seroconverting women (controls) by age, parity and intervention. We assessed urinary inorganic arsenic plus methylated species (∑As) (µg/L) at 1st and 3rd TM and plasma cytokines (pg/mL) at 1st and 3rd TM and 3 months PP. RESULTS HEV seroconverters' urinary ∑As was elevated throughout pregnancy. Non-seroconverters' urinary ∑As was similar to HEV seroconverters at 1st TM but declined at 3rd TM. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of HEV seroconversion was 2.17 (1.07, 4.39) per interquartile range (IQR) increase in average-pregnancy urinary ∑As. Increased urinary ∑As was associated with increased concentrations of IL-2 during the 1st and 3rd TM and 3 months PP among HEV seroconverters but not non-seroconverters. CONCLUSIONS The relation of urinary arsenic during pregnancy with incident HEV seroconversion and with IL-2 levels among HEV-seroconverting pregnant women suggests arsenic exposure during pregnancy may enhance susceptibility to HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Brittany Kmush
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, Graz University, Austria
| | - Walter Gössler
- Institute of Chemistry-Analytical Chemistry, Graz University, Austria
| | - Kerry Schulze
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sucheta Mehra
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Kenrad E Nelson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hasmot Ali
- The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Saijuddin Shaikh
- The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Rebecca D Merrill
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Lee Wu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Keith P West
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Parul Christian
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
| | - Alain B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; The JiVitA Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Research Project, Gaibandha, Bangladesh
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103
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Singh MK, Yadav SS, Yadav RS, Chauhan A, Katiyar D, Khattri S. Protective effect of Emblica-officinalis in arsenic induced biochemical alteration and inflammation in mice. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:438. [PMID: 26312203 PMCID: PMC4545902 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic in individuals has been found to be associated with immune related problems. In earlier studies, we have demonstrated that amla protects against arsenic induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in thymus and spleen of mice. In continuation to that the present study has therefore been focused to investigate the
protective efficacy of amla in arsenic induced inflammation and immunotoxicity in mice. The results showed that arsenic treatment significantly increased serum urea levels (69 %), glucose levels (48 %) and triglyceride levels (66 %) as compared to controls. Mice exposed to arsenic exhibited significant increased in TNF-α (4.3-fold), serum Interleukin-1 beta (threefold), Interleukin-6 (3.8-fold) as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure increased the relative frequency of CD8+ (Tc) cells sub-population (18.9 %) and decreased CD4+ (Th) cells (2.6 %). Arsenic exposure also significantly decreased T (CD3) and B (CD19) cells (21.1 %) as compared to controls. Simultaneously treatment with arsenic and amla significantly inhibited serum urea levels (47 %), glucose levels (50 %) and triglyceride levels (14 %). It also significantly decreased the TNF-α (1.1-fold), levels of IL-1β (1.6-fold), levels of Interleukin-6 (1.3-fold) in serum as compared to those treated with arsenic alone. Simultaneously treatment with arsenic and amla restored the alterations in CD8+ and CD4+ cells and also recovered the damages in B and T sub cells population. Results of the present study clearly indicate that arsenic induced immunotoxicity linked with inflammation has been significantly protected through simultaneous treatment with arsenic and amla that was due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of amla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470 003 MP India
| | - Abhishek Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Devendra Katiyar
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, 226 003 UP India
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GLI3 Links Environmental Arsenic Exposure and Human Fetal Growth. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:536-43. [PMID: 26288817 PMCID: PMC4535308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although considerable evidence suggests that in utero arsenic exposure affects children's health, these data are mainly from areas of the world where groundwater arsenic levels far exceed the World Health Organization limit of 10 μg/L. We, and others, have found that more common levels of in utero arsenic exposure may also impact children's health. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. To address this issue, we analyzed the expression of key developmental genes in fetal placenta in a birth cohort of women using unregulated water supplies in a US region with elevated groundwater arsenic. We identified several genes whose expression associated with maternal arsenic exposure in a fetal sex-specific manner. In particular, expression of the HEDGEHOG pathway component, GLI3, in female placentae was both negatively associated with arsenic exposure and positively associated with infant birth weight. This suggests that modulation of GLI3 in the fetal placenta, and perhaps in other fetal tissues, contributes to arsenic's detrimental effects on fetal growth. We showed previously that arsenic-exposed NIH3T3 cells have reduced GLI3 repressor protein. Together, these studies identify GLI3 as a key signaling node that is affected by arsenic, mediating a subset of its effects on developmental signaling and fetal health. In utero arsenic exposure associates with the expression of several key developmental genes in the fetal placenta. There is extensive sexual dimorphism in the associations between placental gene expression and in utero arsenic exposure. GLI3 expression in the female fetal placenta associates with arsenic exposure and may mediate its effects on fetal growth.
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105
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Davis MA, Higgins J, Li Z, Gilbert-Diamond D, Baker ER, Das A, Karagas MR. Preliminary analysis of in utero low-level arsenic exposure and fetal growth using biometric measurements extracted from fetal ultrasound reports. Environ Health 2015; 14:12. [PMID: 25971349 PMCID: PMC4429981 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-14-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life exposure to arsenic is associated with decreased birth weight in highly exposed populations but little is known about effects of low-level arsenic exposure on growth in utero. METHODS Using a sample of 272 pregnancies from New Hampshire we obtained biometric measurements directly from fetal ultrasound reports commonly found in electronic medical records. We used information extraction methods to develop and validate an automated approach for mining biometric measurements from the text of clinical reports. As a preliminary analysis, we examined associations between in utero low-level arsenic exposure (as measured by maternal urinary arsenic concentration) and fetal growth measures (converted to Z-scores based on reference populations for estimated fetal weight, head, and other body measures) at approximately 18 weeks of gestation. RESULTS In a preliminary cross-sectional analysis of 223 out of 272 pregnancies, maternal urinary arsenic concentration (excluding arsenobetaine) was associated with a reduction in head circumference Z-score (Spearman correlation coefficient, rs = -0.08, p-value = 0.21) and a stronger association was observed among female fetuses at approximately 18 weeks of gestation (rs = - 0.21, p-value < 0.05). Although, associations were attenuated in adjusted analyses - among female fetuses a 1 μg/L increase in maternal urinary arsenic concentration was associated with a decrease of 0.047 (95% CI: -0.115, 0.021) in head circumference and 0.072 (95% CI: -0.151, 0.007) decrease in biparietal head diameter Z-score. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that useful data can be extracted directly from electronic medical records for epidemiologic research. We also found evidence that exposure to low-level arsenic may be associated with reduced head circumference in a sex dependent manner that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Davis
- />Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- />University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - John Higgins
- />Collaboratory for Healthcare and Biomedical Informatics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- />Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Department of Biostatistics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- />Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Emily R Baker
- />Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Amar Das
- />Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Collaboratory for Healthcare and Biomedical Informatics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- />Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, One Medical Center Drive, 7927 Rubin Building, 03756 Lebanon, NH USA
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106
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Schlebusch CM, Gattepaille LM, Engström K, Vahter M, Jakobsson M, Broberg K. Human adaptation to arsenic-rich environments. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:1544-55. [PMID: 25739736 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation drives genomic changes; however, evidence of specific adaptations in humans remains limited. We found that inhabitants of the northern Argentinean Andes, an arid region where elevated arsenic concentrations in available drinking water is common, have unique arsenic metabolism, with efficient methylation and excretion of the major metabolite dimethylated arsenic and a less excretion of the highly toxic monomethylated metabolite. We genotyped women from this population for 4,301,332 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and found a strong association between the AS3MT (arsenic [+3 oxidation state] methyltransferase) gene and mono- and dimethylated arsenic in urine, suggesting that AS3MT functions as the major gene for arsenic metabolism in humans. We found strong genetic differentiation around AS3MT in the Argentinean Andes population, compared with a highly related Peruvian population (FST = 0.014) from a region with much less environmental arsenic. Also, 13 of the 100 SNPs with the highest genome-wide Locus-Specific Branch Length occurred near AS3MT. In addition, our examination of extended haplotype homozygosity indicated a selective sweep of the Argentinean Andes population, in contrast to Peruvian and Colombian populations. Our data show that adaptation to tolerate the environmental stressor arsenic has likely driven an increase in the frequencies of protective variants of AS3MT, providing the first evidence of human adaptation to a toxic chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Schlebusch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lucie M Gattepaille
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Engström
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Broberg
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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107
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Ser PH, Banu B, Jebunnesa F, Fatema K, Rosy N, Yasmin R, Furusawa H, Ali L, Ahmad SA, Watanabe C. Arsenic exposure increases maternal but not cord serum IgG in Bangladesh. Pediatr Int 2015; 57:119-25. [PMID: 24862852 DOI: 10.1111/ped.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of pregnant women are exposed to arsenic (As), which has been shown to lead to a higher risk of maternal and infant morbidity. We hypothesized that As-induced modifications to the humoral immune system may be partly responsible, and examined the relationship between As and immunoglobulin G (IgG). METHODS Pregnant women were recruited in As-contaminated rural areas in Bangladesh. Blood and urine samples, and questionnaire data were collected. We analyzed data from 202 pregnant women and a subset of 121 mother-infant pairs. Urinary As was measured on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and adjusted with specific gravity (U-AsSG ). Maternal (IgGmat ) and cord (IgGcord ) serum total IgG were measured using immunoturbidity assay. RESULTS The geometric mean U-AsSG (n = 202) was 69 μg/L (range, 3.1-1356 μg/L). Urinary-AsSG was significantly associated with IgGmat (n = 202; (r = 0.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.10-0.36; P < 0.001) and remained so after the inclusion of maternal-associated variables in a multiple-regression model (β = 1.26; 95%CI: 0.47-2.05; P < 0.01). U-AsSG , however, was not significantly associated with IgGcord (n = 121), while IgGmat and IgGcord were also not associated with each other. CONCLUSIONS Maternal As exposure was positively associated with IgGmat but not IgGcord . Elevated IgGmat may have implications as regards maternal morbidity and the placental transfer of specific IgGs. Further studies are required to better understand how As may affect maternal and child health by modifying the humoral immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Han Ser
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Schmidt CW. In search of "just right": the challenge of regulating arsenic in rice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:A16-A19. [PMID: 25561606 PMCID: PMC4286262 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.123-a16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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109
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Prenatal exposure to arsenic and cadmium impacts infectious disease-related genes within the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22374-91. [PMID: 25479081 PMCID: PMC4284714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that environmental agents mediate susceptibility to infectious disease. Studies support the impact of prenatal/early life exposure to the environmental metals inorganic arsenic (iAs) and cadmium (Cd) on increased risk for susceptibility to infection. The specific biological mechanisms that underlie such exposure-mediated effects remain understudied. This research aimed to identify key genes/signal transduction pathways that associate prenatal exposure to these toxic metals with changes in infectious disease susceptibility using a Comparative Genomic Enrichment Method (CGEM). Using CGEM an infectious disease gene (IDG) database was developed comprising 1085 genes with known roles in viral, bacterial, and parasitic disease pathways. Subsequently, datasets collected from human pregnancy cohorts exposed to iAs or Cd were examined in relationship to the IDGs, specifically focusing on data representing epigenetic modifications (5-methyl cytosine), genomic perturbations (mRNA expression), and proteomic shifts (protein expression). A set of 82 infection and exposure-related genes was identified and found to be enriched for their role in the glucocorticoid receptor signal transduction pathway. Given their common identification across numerous human cohorts and their known toxicological role in disease, the identified genes within the glucocorticoid signal transduction pathway may underlie altered infectious disease susceptibility associated with prenatal exposures to the toxic metals iAs and Cd in humans.
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110
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Hunt KM, Srivastava RK, Elmets CA, Athar M. The mechanistic basis of arsenicosis: pathogenesis of skin cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 354:211-9. [PMID: 25173797 PMCID: PMC4193806 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant amounts of arsenic have been found in the groundwater of many countries including Argentina, Bangladesh, Chile, China, India, Mexico, and the United States with an estimated 200 million people at risk of toxic exposure. Although chronic arsenic poisoning damages many organ systems, it usually first presents in the skin with manifestations including hyperpigmentation, hyperkeratoses, Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Arsenic promotes oxidative stress by upregulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, uncoupling nitric oxide synthase, and by depleting natural antioxidants such as nitric oxide and glutathione in addition to targeting other proteins responsible for the maintenance of redox homeostasis. It causes immune dysfunction and tissue inflammatory responses, which may involve activation of the unfolded protein response signaling pathway. In addition, the dysregulation of other molecular targets such as nuclear factor kappa B, Hippo signaling protein Yap, and the mineral dust-induced proto-oncogene may orchestrate the pathogenesis of arsenic-mediated health effects. The metalloid decreases expression of tumor suppressor molecules and increases expression of pro-inflammatory mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways leading to a tumor-promoting tissue microenvironment. Cooperation of upregulated signal transduction molecules with DNA damage may abrogate apoptosis, promote proliferation, and enhance cell survival. Genomic instability via direct DNA damage and weakening of several cellular DNA repair mechanisms could also be important cancer development mechanisms in arsenic-exposed populations. Thus, arsenic mediates its toxicity by generating oxidative stress, causing immune dysfunction, promoting genotoxicity, hampering DNA repair, and disrupting signal transduction, which may explain the complex disease manifestations seen in arsenicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Hunt
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, University of Alabama School of Medicine, 1670 University Blvd., Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA
| | - Ritesh K Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 509, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 509, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Disease Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, VH 509, 1530 3rd Ave. S., Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
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111
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Poojan S, Dhasmana A, Jamal QMS, Haneef M, Lohani M. Comparative Molecular Docking Studies with ABCC1 and Aquaporin 9 in the Arsenite Complex Efflux. Bioinformation 2014; 10:474-9. [PMID: 25258480 PMCID: PMC4166764 DOI: 10.6026/97320630010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is the most toxic metalloid present in the natural environment in both organic and inorganic arsenic forms. Inorganic
arsenic is often more hazardous than the organic form. Arsenite and arsenate compounds are the major inorganic forms which are
toxic causing severe human health dysfunction including cancer. Excretion of arsenic from the system is found elusive. Therefore, it
is of interest to screen channel proteins with the arsenic complex in the different combination of arsenic, GSH (glutathione) and
arsenic, selenium using docking methods. The mode of arsenic removal. The complex structure revealed the mode of arsenic
binding efficiency with the receptor aquaporine 9 and ABCC1 channel protein. This provides insights to understand the
mechanism of arsenic efflux. These inferences find application in the design, identification and development of novel nutracetucal
or any other formulation useful in the balance of arsenic efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Poojan
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, P Box 80, Lucknow-226001 ; Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicoinformatics Laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026
| | - Anupam Dhasmana
- Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicoinformatics Laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026
| | - Qazi Mohammad Sajid Jamal
- Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicoinformatics Laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026
| | - Mohd Haneef
- Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicoinformatics Laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026
| | - Mohtashim Lohani
- Environmental Carcinogenesis & Toxicoinformatics Laboratory, Departments of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow-226026
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112
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Nadeau KC, Li Z, Farzan S, Koestler D, Robbins D, Fei DL, Malipatlolla M, Maecker H, Enelow R, Korrick S, Karagas MR. In utero arsenic exposure and fetal immune repertoire in a US pregnancy cohort. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:188-97. [PMID: 25229165 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic has wide-ranging effects on human health and there is evidence that it alters the immune response by influencing CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratios, IL-2 cytokine levels, and the expression of immune-response genes. We investigated the impact of in utero environmental arsenic exposure on immune development and function in newborns participating in a pregnancy cohort in New Hampshire, U.S., where arsenic levels have exceeded the current EPA maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L. Our results showed that maternal urinary arsenic concentrations were inversely related to absolute total CD45RA+ CD4+ cord blood CD69+ T cell counts (N=116, p=0.04) and positively associated with CD45RA+ CD69- CD294+ cell counts (p=0.01). In placental samples (N=70), higher in utero urinary arsenic concentrations were positively associated with the expression of IL1β (p=0.03). These data provide evidence that relatively low-level arsenic exposure in utero may alter the fetal immune system and lead to immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari C Nadeau
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Stanford University, 730 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Zhigang Li
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Shohreh Farzan
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Devin Koestler
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - David Robbins
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Dennis Liang Fei
- University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Meena Malipatlolla
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, 299 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Richard Enelow
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - Susan Korrick
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Margaret R Karagas
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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113
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Davis MA, Li Z, Gilbert-Diamond D, Mackenzie TA, Cottingham KL, Jackson BP, Lee JS, Baker ER, Marsit CJ, Karagas MR. Infant toenails as a biomarker of in utero arsenic exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2014; 24:467-73. [PMID: 24896769 PMCID: PMC4141012 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2014.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that in utero and early-life exposure to arsenic may have detrimental effects on children, even at the low to moderate levels common in the United States and elsewhere. In a sample of 170 mother-infant pairs from New Hampshire, we determined infant exposure to in utero arsenic by evaluating infant toenails as a biomarker using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Infant toenail arsenic concentration correlated with maternal postpartum toenail concentrations (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.34). In adjusted linear models, a doubling of maternal toenail arsenic concentration was associated with a 53.8% increase in infant toenail arsenic concentration as compared with 20.4% for a doubling of maternal urine arsenic concentration. In a structural equation model, a doubling of the latent variable integrating maternal toenail and urine arsenic concentrations was associated with a 67.5% increase in infant toenail arsenic concentration. A similar correlation between infant and maternal postpartum toenail concentrations was observed in a validation cohort of 130 mother-infant pairs from Rhode Island. In utero exposure to arsenic occurs through maternal water and dietary sources, and infant toenails appear to be a reliable biomarker for estimating arsenic exposure during the critical window of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Davis
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Todd A. Mackenzie
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kathryn L. Cottingham
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P. Jackson
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Trace Element Analysis Core Laboratory, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joyce S. Lee
- Rhode Island Child Health Study, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Rhode Island Child Health Study, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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114
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Broberg K, Ahmed S, Engström K, Hossain MB, Jurkovic Mlakar S, Bottai M, Grandér M, Raqib R, Vahter M. Arsenic exposure in early pregnancy alters genome-wide DNA methylation in cord blood, particularly in boys. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:288-98. [PMID: 24965135 PMCID: PMC4283288 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early-life inorganic arsenic exposure influences not only child health and development but also health in later life. The adverse effects of arsenic may be mediated by epigenetic mechanisms, as there are indications that arsenic causes altered DNA methylation of cancer-related genes. The objective was to assess effects of arsenic on genome-wide DNA methylation in newborns. We studied 127 mothers and cord blood of their infants. Arsenic exposure in early and late pregnancy was assessed by concentrations of arsenic metabolites in maternal urine, measured by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Genome-wide 5-methylcytosine methylation in mononuclear cells from cord blood was analyzed by Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. Urinary arsenic in early gestation was associated with cord blood DNA methylation (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, P-value<10-15), with more pronounced effects in boys than in girls. In boys, 372 (74%) of the 500 top CpG sites showed lower methylation with increasing arsenic exposure (r S -values>-0.62), but in girls only 207 (41%) showed inverse correlation (r S -values>-0.54). Three CpG sites in boys (cg15255455, cg13659051 and cg17646418), but none in girls, were significantly correlated with arsenic after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The associations between arsenic and DNA methylation were robust in multivariable-adjusted linear regression models. Much weaker associations were observed with arsenic exposure in late compared with early gestation. Pathway analysis showed overrepresentation of affected cancer-related genes in boys, but not in girls. In conclusion, early prenatal arsenic exposure appears to decrease DNA methylation in boys. Associations between early exposure and DNA methylation might reflect interference with de novo DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Broberg
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Ahmed
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K. Engström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M. B. Hossain
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - S. Jurkovic Mlakar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M. Bottai
- Unit of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M. Grandér
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R. Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Metals and Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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115
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Arsenic methylation capacity and developmental delay in preschool children in Taiwan. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:678-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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116
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Gonzales GF, Zevallos A, Gonzales-Castañeda C, Nuñez D, Gastañaga C, Cabezas C, Naeher L, Levy K, Steenland K. [Environmental pollution, climate variability and climate change: a review of health impacts on the Peruvian population]. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2014; 31:547-556. [PMID: 25418656 PMCID: PMC4351992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is a review of the pollution of water, air and the effect of climate change on the health of the Peruvian population. A major air pollutant is particulate matter less than 2.5 μ (PM 2.5). In Lima, 2,300 premature deaths annually are attributable to this pollutant. Another problem is household air pollution by using stoves burning biomass fuels, where excessive indoor exposure to PM 2.5 inside the household is responsible for approximately 3,000 annual premature deaths among adults, with another unknown number of deaths among children due to respiratory infections. Water pollution is caused by sewage discharges into rivers, minerals (arsenic) from various sources, and failure of water treatment plants. In Peru, climate change may impact the frequency and severity of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which has been associated with an increase in cases of diseases such as cholera, malaria and dengue. Climate change increases the temperature and can extend the areas affected by vector-borne diseases, have impact on the availability of water and contamination of the air. In conclusion, Peru is going through a transition of environmental risk factors, where traditional and modern risks coexist and infectious and chronic problems remain, some of which are associated with problems of pollution of water and air.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alisson Zevallos
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Denisse Nuñez
- Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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117
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Ahmed S, Moore SE, Kippler M, Gardner R, Hawlader MDH, Wagatsuma Y, Raqib R, Vahter M. Arsenic exposure and cell-mediated immunity in pre-school children in rural Bangladesh. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:166-75. [PMID: 24924402 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure has been associated with reduced thymic index and increased morbidity in infants, indicating arsenic-related impaired immune function. We aimed at elucidating potential effects of pre- and postnatal arsenic exposure on cell-mediated immune function in pre-school aged children. Children born in a prospective mother-child cohort in rural Bangladesh were followed up at 4.5 years of age (n = 577). Arsenic exposure was assessed by concentrations of arsenic metabolites (U-As) in child urine and maternal urine during pregnancy, using high-performance liquid chromatography online with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. For assessment of delayed type hypersensitivity response, an intradermal injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) was given to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccinated children. The diameter (mm) of induration was measured after 48-72 h. Plasma concentrations of 27 cytokines were analyzed by a multiplex cytokine assay. Children's concurrent, but not prenatal, arsenic exposure was associated with a weaker response to the injected PPD. The risk ratio (RR) of not responding to PPD (induration <5 mm) was 1.37 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07, 1.74) in children in the highest quartile of U-As (range 126-1228 μg/l), compared with the lowest (range 12-34 μg/l). The p for trend across the quartiles was 0.003. The association was stronger in undernourished children. Children's U-As in tertiles was inversely associated with two out of 27 cytokines only, i.e., IL-2 and TNF-α, both Th1 cytokines (in the highest tertile, regression coefficients (95% CI): -1.57 (-2.56, -0.57) and -4.53 (-8.62, -0.42), respectively), but not with Th2 cytokines. These associations were particularly strong in children with recent infections. In conclusion, elevated childhood arsenic exposure appeared to reduce cell-mediated immunity, possibly linked to reduced concentrations of Th1 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmed
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sophie E Moore
- MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, and MRC Keneba, The Gambia
| | - Maria Kippler
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Renee Gardner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M D H Hawlader
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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118
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Singh MK, Yadav SS, Yadav RS, Singh US, Shukla Y, Pant KK, Khattri S. Efficacy of crude extract of Emblica officinalis (amla) in arsenic-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in splenocytes of mice. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:8-17. [PMID: 24748729 PMCID: PMC3989920 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.128784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Arsenic, an environmental contaminant naturally occurred in groundwater and has been found to be associated with immune-related health problems in humans. Objective: In view of increasing risk of arsenic exposure due to occupational and non-occupational settings, the present study has been focused to investigate the protective efficacy of amla against arsenic-induced spleenomegaly in mice. Results: Arsenic exposures (3 mg/kg body weight p.o for 30 days) in mice caused an increase production of ROS (76%), lipid peroxidation (84%) and decrease in the levels of superoxide dismutase (53%) and catalase (54%) in spleen as compared to controls. Arsenic exposure to mice also caused a significant increase in caspases-3 activity (2.8 fold) and decreases cell viability (44%), mitochondrial membrane potential (47%) linked with apoptosis assessed by the cell cycle analysis (subG1-28.72%) and annexin V/PI binding in spleen as compared to controls. Simultaneous treatment of arsenic and amla (500 mg/kg body weight p.o for 30 days) in mice decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation (33%), ROS production (24%), activity of caspase-3 (1.4 fold), apoptosis (subG1 12.72%) and increased cell viability (63%), levels superoxide dismutase (80%), catalase (77%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (66%) as compared to mice treated with arsenic alone. Conclusions: Results of the present study indicate that the effect of arsenic is mainly due to the depletion of glutathione in liver associated with enhanced oxidative stress that has been found to be protected following simultaneous treatment of arsenic and amla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suraj Singh Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Singh Yadav
- Department of Criminology and Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Uma Shanker Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogeshwar Shukla
- Proteomics Laboratory, CSIR Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumar Pant
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Khattri
- Department of Pharmacology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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119
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Rager JE, Bailey KA, Smeester L, Miller SK, Parker JS, Laine JE, Drobná Z, Currier J, Douillet C, Olshan AF, Rubio-Andrade M, Stýblo M, García-Vargas G, Fry RC. Prenatal arsenic exposure and the epigenome: altered microRNAs associated with innate and adaptive immune signaling in newborn cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:196-208. [PMID: 24327377 PMCID: PMC4023469 DOI: 10.1002/em.21842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) pregnancy cohort in Gómez Palacio, Mexico was recently established to better understand the impacts of prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs). In this study, we examined a subset (n = 40) of newborn cord blood samples for microRNA (miRNA) expression changes associated with in utero arsenic exposure. Levels of iAs in maternal drinking water (DW-iAs) and maternal urine were assessed. Levels of DW-iAs ranged from below detectable values to 236 µg/L (mean = 51.7 µg/L). Total arsenic in maternal urine (U-tAs) was defined as the sum of iAs and its monomethylated and dimethylated metabolites (MMAs and DMAs, respectively) and ranged from 6.2 to 319.7 µg/L (mean = 64.5 µg/L). Genome-wide miRNA expression analysis of cord blood revealed 12 miRNAs with increasing expression associated with U-tAs. Transcriptional targets of the miRNAs were computationally predicted and subsequently assessed using transcriptional profiling. Pathway analysis demonstrated that the U-tAs-associated miRNAs are involved in signaling pathways related to known health outcomes of iAs exposure including cancer and diabetes mellitus. Immune response-related mRNAs were also identified with decreased expression levels associated with U-tAs, and predicted to be mediated in part by the arsenic-responsive miRNAs. Results of this study highlight miRNAs as novel responders to prenatal arsenic exposure that may contribute to associated immune response perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Rager
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Bailey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lisa Smeester
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sloane K. Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Parker
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jessica E. Laine
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zuzana Drobná
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jenna Currier
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Christelle Douillet
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marisela Rubio-Andrade
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Miroslav Stýblo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gonzalo García-Vargas
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Gómez Palacio, Durango, Mexico
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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120
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Kile ML, Houseman EA, Baccarelli AA, Quamruzzaman Q, Rahman M, Mostofa G, Cardenas A, Wright RO, Christiani DC. Effect of prenatal arsenic exposure on DNA methylation and leukocyte subpopulations in cord blood. Epigenetics 2014; 9:774-82. [PMID: 24525453 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure is associated with increased risk of disease in adulthood. This has led to considerable interest in arsenic's ability to disrupt fetal programming. Many studies report that arsenic exposure alters DNA methylation in whole blood but these studies did not adjust for cell mixture. In this study, we examined the relationship between arsenic in maternal drinking water collected ≤ 16 weeks gestational age and DNA methylation in cord blood (n = 44) adjusting for leukocyte-tagged differentially methylated regions. DNA methylation was quantified using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip array. Recursively partitioned mixture modeling examined the relationship between arsenic and methylation at 473,844 CpG sites. Median arsenic concentration in water was 12 µg/L (range<1- 510 µg/L). Log 10 arsenic was associated with altered DNA methylation across the epigenome (P = 0.002); however, adjusting for leukocyte distributions attenuated this association (P = 0.013). We also observed that arsenic had a strong effect on the distribution of leukocytes in cord blood. In adjusted models, every log 10 increase in maternal drinking water arsenic exposure was estimated to increase CD8+ T cells by 7.4% (P = 0.0004) and decrease in CD4+ T cells by 9.2% (P = 0.0002). These results show that prenatal exposure to arsenic had an exposure-dependent effect on specific T cell subpopulations in cord blood and altered DNA methylation in cord blood. Future research is needed to determine if these small changes in DNA methylation alter gene expression or are associated with adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly L Kile
- Oregon State University; College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Corvallis, OR USA
| | - E Andres Houseman
- Oregon State University; College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Corvallis, OR USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andres Cardenas
- Oregon State University; College of Public Health and Human Sciences; Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Robert O Wright
- Preventative Medicine and Pediatrics; Mt Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY USA
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121
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Dietert RR. Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases: Focus on Human Studies. Adv Med 2014; 2014:867805. [PMID: 26556429 PMCID: PMC4590951 DOI: 10.1155/2014/867805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) is a term given to encompass the environmentally induced disruption of normal immune development resulting in adverse outcomes. A myriad of chemical, physical, and psychological factors can all contribute to DIT. As a core component of the developmental origins of adult disease, DIT is interlinked with three important concepts surrounding health risks across a lifetime: (1) the Barker Hypothesis, which connects prenatal development to later-life diseases, (2) the hygiene hypothesis, which connects newborns and infants to risk of later-life diseases and, (3) fetal programming and epigenetic alterations, which may exert effects both in later life and across future generations. This review of DIT considers: (1) the history and context of DIT research, (2) the fundamental features of DIT, (3) the emerging role of DIT in risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and (4) the range of risk factors that have been investigated through human research. The emphasis on the human DIT-related literature is significant since most prior reviews of DIT have largely focused on animal research and considerations of specific categories of risk factors (e.g., heavy metals). Risk factors considered in this review include air pollution, aluminum, antibiotics, arsenic, bisphenol A, ethanol, lead (Pb), maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol (acetaminophen), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polyfluorinated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney R. Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, North Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- *Rodney R. Dietert:
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122
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Bailey K, Fry RC. Long-term health consequences of prenatal arsenic exposure: links to the genome and the epigenome. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2014; 29:9-12. [PMID: 24552957 PMCID: PMC4049250 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic continues to poison the water of millions of individuals around the globe. Despite the potentially devastating effects of arsenic on worldwide human health, the impacts of such exposure on vulnerable populations including pregnant women and their unborn children are understudied. Data from human populations exposed early in life highlight the increased mortality risks related to both cancer and non-cancer endpoints. The molecular underpinnings for these effects are largely unknown. Here we highlight the current studies linking prenatal arsenic exposure and health effects, particularly those that examined associations between arsenic exposure and altered genomic and epigenetic signaling. Current needs in the field to increase our understanding of the molecular basis for adult disease are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Bailey
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Corresponding Author Information: Rebecca C. Fry, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA, Phone: (919) 843-6864, Fax: (919) 843-9047,
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Arsenic compromises conducting airway epithelial barrier properties in primary mouse and immortalized human cell cultures. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82970. [PMID: 24349408 PMCID: PMC3857810 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic is a lung toxicant that can lead to respiratory illness through inhalation and ingestion, although the most common exposure is through contaminated drinking water. Lung effects reported from arsenic exposure include lung cancer and obstructive lung disease, as well as reductions in lung function and immune response. As part of their role in innate immune function, airway epithelial cells provide a barrier that protects underlying tissue from inhaled particulates, pathogens, and toxicants frequently found in inspired air. We evaluated the effects of a five-day exposure to environmentally relevant levels of arsenic {<4μM [~300 μg/L (ppb)] as NaAsO2} on airway epithelial barrier function and structure. In a primary mouse tracheal epithelial (MTE) cell model we found that both micromolar (3.9 μM) and submicromolar (0.8 μM) arsenic concentrations reduced transepithelial resistance, a measure of barrier function. Immunofluorescent staining of arsenic-treated MTE cells showed altered patterns of localization of the transmembrane tight junction proteins claudin (Cl) Cl-1, Cl-4, Cl-7 and occludin at cell-cell contacts when compared with untreated controls. To better quantify arsenic-induced changes in tight junction transmembrane proteins we conducted arsenic exposure experiments with an immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE14o-). We found that arsenic exposure significantly increased the protein expression of Cl-4 and occludin as well as the mRNA levels of Cl-4 and Cl-7 in these cells. Additionally, arsenic exposure resulted in altered phosphorylation of occludin. In summary, exposure to environmentally relevant levels of arsenic can alter both the function and structure of airway epithelial barrier constituents. These changes likely contribute to the observed arsenic-induced loss in basic innate immune defense and increased infection in the airway.
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Srivastava RK, Li C, Chaudhary SC, Ballestas ME, Elmets CA, Robbins DJ, Matalon S, Deshane JS, Afaq F, Bickers DR, Athar M. Unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling regulates arsenic trioxide-mediated macrophage innate immune function disruption. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:879-87. [PMID: 23954561 PMCID: PMC6028020 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure is known to disrupt innate immune functions in humans and in experimental animals. In this study, we provide a mechanism by which arsenic trioxide (ATO) disrupts macrophage functions. ATO treatment of murine macrophage cells diminished internalization of FITC-labeled latex beads, impaired clearance of phagocytosed fluorescent bacteria and reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These impairments in macrophage functions are associated with ATO-induced unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathway characterized by the enhancement in proteins such as GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF4 and CHOP. The expression of these proteins is altered both at transcriptional and translational levels. Pretreatment with chemical chaperon, 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) attenuated the ATO-induced activation in UPR signaling and afforded protection against ATO-induced disruption of macrophage functions. This treatment also reduced ATO-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Interestingly, treatment with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prior to ATO exposure, not only reduced ROS production and UPR signaling but also improved macrophage functions. These data demonstrate that UPR signaling and ROS generation are interdependent and are involved in the arsenic-induced pathobiology of macrophage. These data also provide a novel strategy to block the ATO-dependent impairment in innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Changzhao Li
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sandeep C. Chaudhary
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary E. Ballestas
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease, Children’s of Alabama, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig A. Elmets
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David J. Robbins
- Department of Surgery, Molecular Oncology Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Farrukh Afaq
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David R. Bickers
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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125
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Farzan SF, Karagas MR, Chen Y. In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:384-90. [PMID: 23859881 PMCID: PMC3783578 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence that prenatal and early childhood exposure to arsenic from drinking water can have serious long-term health implications. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to understand the potential long-term health and disease risks associated with in utero and early life exposure to arsenic, as well as to examine parallels between findings from epidemiological studies with those from experimental animal models. METHODS We examined the current literature and identified relevant studies through PubMed by using combinations of the search terms "arsenic", "in utero", "transplacental", "prenatal" and "fetal". DISCUSSION Ecological studies have indicated associations between in utero and/or early life exposure to arsenic at high levels and increases in mortality from cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. Additional data from epidemiologic studies suggest intermediate effects in early life that are related to risk of these and other outcomes in adulthood. Experimental animal studies largely support studies in humans, with strong evidence of transplacental carcinogenesis, atherosclerosis and respiratory disease, as well as insight into potential underlying mechanisms of arsenic's health effects. CONCLUSIONS As millions worldwide are exposed to arsenic and evidence continues to support a role for in utero arsenic exposure in the development of a range of later life diseases, there is a need for more prospective studies examining arsenic's relation to early indicators of disease and at lower exposure levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016
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Ramsey KA, Foong RE, Sly PD, Larcombe AN, Zosky GR. Early life arsenic exposure and acute and long-term responses to influenza A infection in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:1187-93. [PMID: 23968752 PMCID: PMC3801203 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1306748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is a significant global environmental health problem. Exposure to arsenic in early life has been shown to increase the rate of respiratory infections during infancy, reduce childhood lung function, and increase the rates of bronchiectasis in early adulthood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if early life exposure to arsenic exacerbates the response to early life influenza infection in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were exposed to arsenic in utero and throughout postnatal life. At 1 week of age, a subgroup of mice were infected with influenza A. We then assessed the acute and long-term effects of arsenic exposure on viral clearance, inflammation, lung structure, and lung function. RESULTS Early life arsenic exposure reduced the clearance of and exacerbated the inflammatory response to influenza A, and resulted in acute and long-term changes in lung mechanics and airway structure. CONCLUSIONS Increased susceptibility to respiratory infections combined with exaggerated inflammatory responses throughout early life may contribute to the development of bronchiectasis in arsenic-exposed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ramsey
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Subiaco, Western Australia, Australia
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Farzan SF, Korrick S, Li Z, Enelow R, Gandolfi AJ, Madan J, Nadeau K, Karagas MR. In utero arsenic exposure and infant infection in a United States cohort: a prospective study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2013; 126:24-30. [PMID: 23769261 PMCID: PMC3808159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As), a ubiquitous environmental toxicant, has recently been linked to disrupted immune function and enhanced infection susceptibility in highly exposed populations. In drinking water, as levels above the EPA maximum contaminant level occur in our US study area and are a particular health concern for pregnant women and infants. As a part of the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study, we investigated whether in utero exposure to As affects risk of infant infections. We prospectively obtained information on 4-month-old infants (n=214) using a parental telephone survey on infant infections and symptoms, including respiratory infections, diarrhea and specific illnesses, as well as the duration and severity of infections. Using logistic regression and Poisson models, we evaluated the association between maternal urinary As during pregnancy and infection risks adjusted for potentially confounding factors. Maternal urinary As concentrations were related to total number of infections requiring a physician visit (relative risk (RR) per one-fold increase in As in urine=1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.0, 2.1) or prescription medication (RR=1.6; 95% CI=1.1, 2.4), as well as lower respiratory infections treated with prescription medication (RR=3.3; 95% CI=1.2, 9.0). Associations were observed with respiratory symptoms (RR=4.0; 95% CI=1.0, 15.8), upper respiratory infections (RR=1.6; 95% CI=1.0, 2.5), and colds treated with prescription medication (RR=2.3; 95% CI=1.0, 5.2). Our results provide initial evidence that in utero As exposure may be related to infant infection and infection severity and provide insight into the early life impacts of fetal As exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh F. Farzan
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Susan Korrick
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Zhigang Li
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
| | - Richard Enelow
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - A. Jay Gandolfi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Juliette Madan
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03756
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Stanford Medical School and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Children’s Environmental Health & Disease Prevention Research Center at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, 03756
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Margaret R. Karagas, Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, 7927 Rubin, Lebanon, NH, 03756, , telephone: (603) 653-9010, fax: (603) 653-9093
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Dangleben NL, Skibola CF, Smith MT. Arsenic immunotoxicity: a review. Environ Health 2013; 12:73. [PMID: 24004508 PMCID: PMC3848751 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As) is a global public health problem because of its association with various cancers and numerous other pathological effects, and millions of people worldwide are exposed to As on a regular basis. Increasing lines of evidence indicate that As may adversely affect the immune system, but its specific effects on immune function are poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a literature search of non-cancer immune-related effects associated with As exposure and summarized the known immunotoxicological effects of As in humans, animals and in vitro models. Overall, the data show that chronic exposure to As has the potential to impair vital immune responses which could lead to increased risk of infections and chronic diseases, including various cancers. Although animal and in vitro models provide some insight into potential mechanisms of the As-related immunotoxicity observed in human populations, further investigation, particularly in humans, is needed to better understand the relationship between As exposure and the development of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nygerma L Dangleben
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christine F Skibola
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Martyn T Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Smith AH, Yunus M, Khan AF, Ercumen A, Yuan Y, Smith MH, Liaw J, Balmes J, von Ehrenstein O, Raqib R, Kalman D, Alam DS, Streatfield PK, Steinmaus C. Chronic respiratory symptoms in children following in utero and early life exposure to arsenic in drinking water in Bangladesh. Int J Epidemiol 2013; 42:1077-86. [PMID: 24062297 PMCID: PMC3781005 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyt120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic exposure via drinking water increases the risk of chronic respiratory disease in adults. However, information on pulmonary health effects in children after early life exposure is limited. METHODS This population-based cohort study set in rural Matlab, Bangladesh, assessed lung function and respiratory symptoms of 650 children aged 7-17 years. Children with in utero and early life arsenic exposure were compared with children exposed to less than 10 µg/l in utero and throughout childhood. Because most children drank the same water as their mother had drunk during pregnancy, we could not assess only in utero or only childhood exposure. RESULTS Children exposed in utero to more than 500 µg/l of arsenic were more than eight times more likely to report wheezing when not having a cold [odds ratio (OR) = 8.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.66-42.6, P < 0.01] and more than three times more likely to report shortness of breath when walking on level ground (OR = 3.86, 95% CI: 1.09-13.7, P = 0.02) and when walking fast or climbing (OR = 3.19, 95% CI: 1.22-8.32, P < 0.01]. However, there was little evidence of reduced lung function in either exposure category. CONCLUSIONS Children with high in utero and early life arsenic exposure had marked increases in several chronic respiratory symptoms, which could be due to in utero exposure or to early life exposure, or to both. Our findings suggest that arsenic in water has early pulmonary effects and that respiratory symptoms are a better marker of early life arsenic toxicity than changes in lung function measured by spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan H Smith
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Yunus
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Al Fazal Khan
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ayse Ercumen
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Yan Yuan
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Meera Hira Smith
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jane Liaw
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - John Balmes
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ondine von Ehrenstein
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - David Kalman
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Dewan S Alam
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Peter K Streatfield
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Craig Steinmaus
- Arsenic Health Effects Research Program, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA, Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency, Oakland, CA, USA
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Naujokas MF, Anderson B, Ahsan H, Aposhian HV, Graziano JH, Thompson C, Suk WA. The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:295-302. [PMID: 23458756 PMCID: PMC3621177 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 839] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns for arsenic exposure are not limited to toxic waste sites and massive poisoning events. Chronic exposure continues to be a major public health problem worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of persons. OBJECTIVES We reviewed recent information on worldwide concerns for arsenic exposures and public health to heighten awareness of the current scope of arsenic exposure and health outcomes and the importance of reducing exposure, particularly during pregnancy and early life. METHODS We synthesized the large body of current research pertaining to arsenic exposure and health outcomes with an emphasis on recent publications. DISCUSSION Locations of high arsenic exposure via drinking water span from Bangladesh, Chile, and Taiwan to the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level (MCL) in drinking water is 10 µg/L; however, concentrations of > 3,000 µg/L have been found in wells in the United States. In addition, exposure through diet is of growing concern. Knowledge of the scope of arsenic-associated health effects has broadened; arsenic leaves essentially no bodily system untouched. Arsenic is a known carcinogen associated with skin, lung, bladder, kidney, and liver cancer. Dermatological, developmental, neurological, respiratory, cardiovascular, immunological, and endocrine effects are also evident. Most remarkably, early-life exposure may be related to increased risks for several types of cancer and other diseases during adulthood. CONCLUSIONS These data call for heightened awareness of arsenic-related pathologies in broader contexts than previously perceived. Testing foods and drinking water for arsenic, including individual private wells, should be a top priority to reduce exposure, particularly for pregnant women and children, given the potential for life-long effects of developmental exposure.
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Copat C, Arena G, Fiore M, Ledda C, Fallico R, Sciacca S, Ferrante M. Heavy metals concentrations in fish and shellfish from eastern Mediterranean Sea: Consumption advisories. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 53:33-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ramsey KA, Larcombe AN, Sly PD, Zosky GR. In utero exposure to low dose arsenic via drinking water impairs early life lung mechanics in mice. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:13. [PMID: 23419080 PMCID: PMC3584853 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic via drinking water is a significant environmental issue affecting millions of people around the world. Exposure to arsenic during foetal development has been shown to impair somatic growth and increase the risk of developing chronic respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if in utero exposure to low dose arsenic via drinking water is capable of altering lung growth and postnatal lung mechanics. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given drinking water containing 0, 10 (current World Health Organisation (WHO) maximum contaminant level) or 100 μg/L arsenic from gestational day 8 to birth. Birth outcomes and somatic growth were monitored. Plethysmography and the forced oscillation technique were used to collect measurements of lung volume, lung mechanics, pressure-volume curves and the volume dependence of lung mechanics in male and female offspring at two, four, six and eight weeks of age. RESULTS In utero exposure to low dose arsenic via drinking water resulted in low birth weight and impaired parenchymal lung mechanics during infancy. Male offspring were more susceptible to the effects of arsenic on growth and lung mechanics than females. All alterations to lung mechanics following in utero arsenic exposure were recovered by adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to arsenic at the current WHO maximum contaminant level in utero impaired somatic growth and the development of the lungs resulting in alterations to lung mechanics during infancy. Deficits in growth and lung development in early life may contribute to the increased susceptibility of developing chronic respiratory disease in arsenic exposed human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ramsey
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.
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Ramsey KA, Bosco A, McKenna KL, Carter KW, Elliot JG, Berry LJ, Sly PD, Larcombe AN, Zosky GR. In utero exposure to arsenic alters lung development and genes related to immune and mucociliary function in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:244-50. [PMID: 23221970 PMCID: PMC3569690 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic via drinking water is a global environmental health problem. In utero exposure to arsenic via drinking water increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infections during infancy and mortality from bronchiectasis in early adulthood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate how arsenic exposure in early life alters lung development and pathways involved in innate immunity. METHODS Pregnant BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H/HeARC mice were exposed to 0 (control) or 100 μg/L arsenic via drinking water from gestation day 8 until the birth of their offspring. We measured somatic growth, lung volume, and lung mechanics of mice at 2 weeks of age. We used fixed lungs for structural analysis and collected lung tissue for gene expression analysis by microarray. RESULTS The response to arsenic was genetically determined, and C57BL/6 mice were the most susceptible. Arsenic-exposed C57BL/6 mice were smaller in size, had smaller lungs, and had impaired lung mechanics compared with controls. Exposure to arsenic in utero up-regulated the expression of genes in the lung involved in mucus production (Clca3, Muc5b, Scgb3a1), innate immunity (Reg3γ, Tff2, Dynlrb2, Lplunc1), and lung morphogenesis (Sox2). Arsenic exposure also induced mucous cell metaplasia and increased expression of CLCA3 protein in the large airways. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in somatic growth, lung development, and the expression of genes involved in mucociliary clearance and innate immunity in the lung are potential mechanisms through which early life arsenic exposure impacts respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ramsey
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Schlebusch CM, Lewis CM, Vahter M, Engström K, Tito RY, Obregón-Tito AJ, Huerta D, Polo SI, Medina ÁC, Brutsaert TD, Concha G, Jakobsson M, Broberg K. Possible positive selection for an arsenic-protective haplotype in humans. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:53-8. [PMID: 23070617 PMCID: PMC3553437 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic in drinking water causes severe health effects. Indigenous people in the South American Andes have likely lived with arsenic-contaminated drinking water for thousands of years. Inhabitants of San Antonio de los Cobres (SAC) in the Argentinean highlands generally carry an AS3MT (the major arsenic-metabolizing gene) haplotype associated with reduced health risks due to rapid arsenic excretion and lower urinary fraction of the monomethylated metabolite. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized an adaptation to high-arsenic living conditions via a possible positive selection for protective AS3MT variants and compared AS3MT haplotype frequencies among different indigenous groups. METHODS Indigenous groups we evaluated were a) inhabitants of SAC and villages near Salta in northern Argentina (n = 346), b) three Native American populations from the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP; n = 25), and c) five Peruvian populations (n = 97). The last two groups have presumably lower historical exposure to arsenic. RESULTS We found a significantly higher frequency of the protective AS3MT haplotype in the SAC population (68.7%) compared with the HGDP (14.3%, p < 0.001, Fisher exact test) and Peruvian (50.5%, p < 0.001) populations. Genome-wide microsatellite (n = 671) analysis showed no detectable level of population structure between SAC and Peruvian populations (measure of population differentiation FST = 0.006) and low levels of structure between SAC and HGDP populations (FST < 0.055 for all pairs of populations compared). CONCLUSIONS Because population stratification seems unlikely to explain the differences in AS3MT haplotype frequencies, our data raise the possibility that, during a few thousand years, natural selection for tolerance to the environmental stressor arsenic may have increased the frequency of protective variants of AS3MT. Further studies are needed to investigate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina M Schlebusch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kippler M, Wagatsuma Y, Rahman A, Nermell B, Persson LÅ, Raqib R, Vahter M. Environmental exposure to arsenic and cadmium during pregnancy and fetal size: A longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh. Reprod Toxicol 2012; 34:504-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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136
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Sherwood CL, Lantz RC, Boitano S. Chronic arsenic exposure in nanomolar concentrations compromises wound response and intercellular signaling in airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23204110 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracrine ATP signaling in the lung epithelium participates in a variety of innate immune functions, including mucociliary clearance, bactericide production, and as an initiating signal in wound repair. We evaluated the effects of chronic low-dose arsenic relevant to U.S. drinking water standards (i.e., 10 ppb [130nM]) on airway epithelial cells. Immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE14o-) were exposed to 0, 130, or 330nM arsenic (as Na-arsenite) for 4-5 weeks and examined for wound repair efficiency and ATP-mediated Ca(2+) signaling. We found that chronic arsenic exposure at these low doses slows wound repair and reduces ATP-mediated Ca(2+) signaling. We further show that arsenic compromises ATP-mediated Ca(2+) signaling by altering both Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores (via metabotropic P2Y receptors) and Ca(2+) influx mechanisms (via ionotropic P2X receptors). To better model the effects of arsenic on ATP-mediated Ca(2+) signaling under conditions of natural exposure, we cultured tracheal epithelial cells obtained from mice exposed to control or 50 ppb Na-arsenite supplemented drinking water for 4 weeks. Tracheal epithelial cells from arsenic-exposed mice displayed reduced ATP-mediated Ca(2+) signaling dynamics similar to our in vitro chronic exposure. Our findings demonstrate that chronic arsenic exposure at levels that are commonly found in drinking water (i.e., 10-50 ppb) alters cellular mechanisms critical to airway innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara L Sherwood
- Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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137
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Saha A, Chowdhury MI, Nazim M, Alam MM, Ahmed T, Hossain MB, Hore SK, Sultana GNN, Svennerholm AM, Qadri F. Vaccine specific immune response to an inactivated oral cholera vaccine and EPI vaccines in a high and low arsenic area in Bangladeshi children. Vaccine 2012. [PMID: 23200936 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune responses to the inactivated oral whole cell cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit cholera vaccine, Dukoral(®), as well as three childhood vaccines in the national immunization system were compared in children living in high and low arsenic contaminated areas in Bangladesh. In addition, serum complement factors C3 and C4 levels were evaluated among children in the two areas. VACCINATIONS: Toddlers (2-5 years) were orally immunized with two doses of Dukoral 14 days apart. Study participants had also received diphtheria, tetanus and measles vaccines according to the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Bangladesh. RESULTS The mean level of arsenic in the urine specimens in the children of the high arsenic area (HAA, Shahrasti, Chandpur) was 291.8μg/L while the level was 6.60μg/L in the low arsenic area (LAA, Mirpur, Dhaka). Cholera specific vibriocidal antibody responses were significantly increased in the HAA (87%, P<0.001) and the LAA (75%, P<0.001) children after vaccination with Dukoral, but no differences were found between the two groups. Levels of CTB specific IgA and IgG antibodies were comparable between the two groups, whereas LPS specific IgA and IgG were higher in the LAA group, although response rates were comparable. Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine specific IgG responses were significantly higher in the HAA compared to the LAA group (P<0.001, P=0.048 respectively), whereas there were no differences in the measles specific IgG responses between the groups. Complement C3 and C4 levels in sera were higher in participants from the HAA than the LAA groups (P<0.001, P=0.049 respectively). CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates that the oral cholera vaccine as well as the EPI vaccines studied are immunogenic in children in high and low arsenic areas in Bangladesh. The results are encouraging for the potential use of cholera vaccines as well as the EPI vaccines in arsenic endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Saha
- Centre for Vaccine Sciences, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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138
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Morzadec C, Bouezzedine F, Macoch M, Fardel O, Vernhet L. Inorganic arsenic impairs proliferation and cytokine expression in human primary T lymphocytes. Toxicology 2012; 300:46-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Davis MA, Mackenzie TA, Cottingham KL, Gilbert-Diamond D, Punshon T, Karagas MR. Rice consumption and urinary arsenic concentrations in U.S. children. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1418-24. [PMID: 23008276 PMCID: PMC3491944 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adult populations, emerging evidence indicates that humans are exposed to arsenic by ingestion of contaminated foods such as rice, grains, and juice; yet little is known about arsenic exposure among children. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to determine whether rice consumption contributes to arsenic exposure in U.S. children. METHODS We used data from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between rice consumption (measured in 0.25 cups of cooked rice per day) over a 24-hr period and subsequent urinary arsenic concentration among the 2,323 children (6-17 years of age) who participated in NHANES from 2003 to 2008. We examined total urinary arsenic (excluding arsenobetaine and arsenocholine) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) concentrations overall and by age group: 6-11 years and 12-17 years. RESULTS The median [interquartile range (IQR)] total urinary arsenic concentration among children who reported consuming rice was 8.9 μg/L (IQR: 5.3-15.6) compared with 5.5 μg/L (IQR: 3.1-8.4) among those who did not consume rice. After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, and restricting the study to participants who did not consume seafood in the preceding 24 hr, total urinary arsenic concentration increased 14.2% (95% confidence interval: 11.3, 17.1%) with each 0.25 cup increase in cooked rice consumption. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that rice consumption is a potential source of arsenic exposure in U.S. children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Davis
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03756, USA
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140
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Saha KK, Engström A, Hamadani JD, Tofail F, Rasmussen KM, Vahter M. Pre- and postnatal arsenic exposure and body size to 2 years of age: a cohort study in rural Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2012; 120:1208-14. [PMID: 22504586 PMCID: PMC3440068 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1003378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic via drinking water has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes and infant morbidity and mortality. Little is known, however, about the effects of arsenic on child growth. OBJECTIVE We assessed potential effects of early-life arsenic exposure on weight and length of children from birth to 2 years of age. METHODS We followed 2,372 infants born in a population-based intervention trial in rural Bangladesh. Exposure was assessed by arsenic concentrations in urine (U-As) of mothers (gestational weeks 8 and 30) and children (18 months old). Child anthropometry was measured monthly in the first year and quarterly in the second. Linear regression models were used to examine associations of U-As (by quintiles) with child weight and length, adjusted for age, maternal body mass index, socioeconomic status, and sex (or stratified by sex). RESULTS Median (10th-90th percentiles) U-As concentrations were about 80 (25-400) µg/L in the mothers and 34 (12-159) µg/L in the children. Inverse associations of maternal U-As with child's attained weight and length at 3-24 months were markedly attenuated after adjustment. However, associations of U-As at 18 months with weight and length at 18-24 months were more robust, particularly in girls. Compared with girls in the first quintile of U-As (< 16 µg/L), those in the fourth quintile (26-46 µg/L) were almost 300 g lighter and 0.7 cm shorter, and had adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for underweight and stunting of 1.57 (1.02-2.40) and 1.58 (1.05-2.37), respectively, at 21 months. CONCLUSIONS Postnatal arsenic exposure was associated with lower body weight and length among girls, but not boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal K Saha
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ahmed S, Ahsan KB, Kippler M, Mily A, Wagatsuma Y, Hoque AMW, Ngom PT, El Arifeen S, Raqib R, Vahter M. In utero arsenic exposure is associated with impaired thymic function in newborns possibly via oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2012; 129:305-14. [PMID: 22713597 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal arsenic exposure is associated with increased infant morbidity and reduced thymus size, indicating arsenic-related developmental immunotoxicity. We aimed to evaluate effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on thymic function at birth and related mechanisms of action. In a Bangladeshi cohort, arsenic was measured in urine (U-As, gestational week (GW) 8 and 30) and blood (B-As, GW14) in 130 women. Child thymic index was measured by sonography at birth and thymic function by signal-joint T-cell receptor-rearrangement excision circles (sjTRECs) in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC). In a subsample (n = 44), sjTRECs content in isolated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, expression of oxidative-stress defense and apoptosis-related genes in CBMC, arsenic concentrations (urine, placenta, and cord blood), and oxidative stress markers in placenta and cord blood were measured. In multivariable-adjusted regression, ln U-As (GW8) was inversely associated with ln sjTRECs in CBMC (B = -0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.48 to -0.01). Using multivariable-adjusted spline regression, ln U-As (GW30) and ln B-As (GW14) were inversely associated with ln sjTRECs in CBMC (B = -0.53; 95% CI -0.93 to -0.13 and B = -1.27; 95% CI -1.89 to -0.66, respectively) below spline knots at U-As 150 µg/l and B-As 6 µg/kg. Similar inverse associations were observed in separated CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Arsenic was positively associated with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in cord blood (B = 0.097; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.13), which was inversely associated with sjTRECs in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. In conclusion, prenatal arsenic exposure was associated with reduced thymic function, possibly via induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis, suggesting subsequent immunosuppression in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmed
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Parajuli RP, Fujiwara T, Umezaki M, Furusawa H, Ser PH, Watanabe C. Cord blood levels of toxic and essential trace elements and their determinants in the Terai region of Nepal: a birth cohort study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 147:75-83. [PMID: 22234823 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the cord blood level of toxic and trace elements and to identify their determinants in Terai, Nepal. One hundred pregnant women were recruited from one hospital in Chitwan, Nepal in 2008. The cord blood levels of toxic [lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd)], essential trace elements [zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu)], demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables were measured. The mean values of Pb, As, Cd, Zn, Se, and Cu in cord blood level were found as 31.7, 1.46, 0.39, 2,286, 175, and 667 μg/L, respectively. In the multivariate regression model, cord blood As levels from less educated mothers were higher than those from educated mothers (coefficient = -0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.02-0.00). The maternal age was positively associated with the cord blood Cd level (coefficient = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.01-0.03), while it was negatively associated with the cord blood As level (coefficient = -0.01, 95% CI = -0.03--0.01). Cord blood levels of Pb, Zn, Se, and Cu were not associated with maternal age, socioeconomic status, living environment, and smoking status. As and Cd levels were relatively lower than those reported in previous studies in Asia, while the levels of Pb and the trace elements were similar. Less educated mothers are more likely to become a higher in utero As source to their fetus, and fetuses of older mothers were more likely to have higher in utero Cd exposure in Terai, Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad Parajuli
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.
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143
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Effects of low-dose drinking water arsenic on mouse fetal and postnatal growth and development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38249. [PMID: 22693606 PMCID: PMC3365045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arsenic (As) exposure is a significant worldwide environmental health concern. Chronic exposure via contaminated drinking water has been associated with an increased incidence of a number of diseases, including reproductive and developmental effects. The goal of this study was to identify adverse outcomes in a mouse model of early life exposure to low-dose drinking water As (10 ppb, current U.S. EPA Maximum Contaminant Level). Methodology and Findings C57B6/J pups were exposed to 10 ppb As, via the dam in her drinking water, either in utero and/or during the postnatal period. Birth outcomes, the growth of the F1 offspring, and health of the dams were assessed by a variety of measurements. Birth outcomes including litter weight, number of pups, and gestational length were unaffected. However, exposure during the in utero and postnatal period resulted in significant growth deficits in the offspring after birth, which was principally a result of decreased nutrients in the dam's breast milk. Cross-fostering of the pups reversed the growth deficit. Arsenic exposed dams displayed altered liver and breast milk triglyceride levels and serum profiles during pregnancy and lactation. The growth deficits in the F1 offspring resolved following separation from the dam and cessation of exposure in male mice, but did not resolve in female mice up to six weeks of age. Conclusions/Significance Exposure to As at the current U.S. drinking water standard during critical windows of development induces a number of adverse health outcomes for both the dam and offspring. Such effects may contribute to the increased disease risks observed in human populations.
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Hamadani JD, Tofail F, Nermell B, Gardner R, Shiraji S, Bottai M, Arifeen SE, Huda SN, Vahter M. Critical windows of exposure for arsenic-associated impairment of cognitive function in pre-school girls and boys: a population-based cohort study. Int J Epidemiol 2012; 40:1593-604. [PMID: 22158669 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic through drinking water has been associated with impaired cognitive function in school-aged children in a few cross-sectional studies; however, there is little information on critical windows of exposure. METHODS We conducted a population-based longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh. We assessed the association of arsenic exposure, based on urinary arsenic (U-As; twice during pregnancy and twice in childhood), with the development of about 1700 children at 5 years of age using Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence [intelligence quotient (IQ)]. RESULTS Median maternal U-As in pregnancy was 80 µg/l (10-90 percentiles: 25-400 µg/l). Children's urine contained 35 (12-155) µg/l and 51 (20-238) µg/l at 1.5 and 5 years, respectively. Using multivariable-adjusted regression analyses, controlling for all potential confounders and loss to follow-up, we found that verbal IQ (VIQ) and full scale IQ (FSIQ) were negatively associated with (log) U-As in girls. The associations were consistent, but somewhat stronger with concurrent arsenic exposure [VIQ: B = -2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.8 to -1.1; FSIQ: B = -1.4, 95% CI = -2.7 to -0.1, n = 817), compared with that at 1.5 years (VIQ: B = -0.85, 95% CI = -2.1 to 0.4; FSIQ: B = -0.74, 95% CI = -1.9 to 0.4, n = 902), late gestation (VIQ: B = -1.52, 95% CI = -2.6 to -0.4; FSIQ: B = -1.35, 95% CI = -2.4 to -0.3, n = 874) and early gestation (VIQ: B = -1.23, 95% CI = -2.4 to -0.06; FSIQ: B = -0.92, 95% CI = -2.0 to -0.2, n = 833). In boys, U-As showed consistently low and non-significant associations with all IQ measures. An effect size calculation indicated that 100 µg/l U-As was associated with a decrement of 1-3 points in both VIQ and FSIQ in girls. CONCLUSION We found adverse effects of arsenic exposure on IQ in girls, but not boys, at 5 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hamadani
- International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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145
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Bomberger JM, Coutermarsh BA, Barnaby RL, Stanton BA. Arsenic promotes ubiquitinylation and lysosomal degradation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels in human airway epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:17130-17139. [PMID: 22467879 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.338855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic exposure significantly increases respiratory bacterial infections and reduces the ability of the innate immune system to eliminate bacterial infections. Recently, we observed in the gill of killifish, an environmental model organism, that arsenic exposure induced the ubiquitinylation and degradation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride channel that is essential for the mucociliary clearance of respiratory pathogens in humans. Accordingly, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that low dose arsenic exposure reduces the abundance and function of CFTR in human airway epithelial cells. Arsenic induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in multiubiquitinylated CFTR, which led to its lysosomal degradation, and a decrease in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion. Although arsenic had no effect on the abundance or activity of USP10, a deubiquitinylating enzyme, siRNA-mediated knockdown of c-Cbl, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, abolished the arsenic-stimulated degradation of CFTR. Arsenic enhanced the degradation of CFTR by increasing phosphorylated c-Cbl, which increased its interaction with CFTR, and subsequent ubiquitinylation of CFTR. Because epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic increases the incidence of respiratory infections, this study suggests that one potential mechanism of this effect involves arsenic-induced ubiquitinylation and degradation of CFTR, which decreases chloride secretion and airway surface liquid volume, effects that would be proposed to reduce mucociliary clearance of respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219 and
| | - Bonita A Coutermarsh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Roxanna L Barnaby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
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Maternal and childhood asthma: risk factors, interactions, and ramifications. Reprod Toxicol 2011; 32:198-204. [PMID: 21575714 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is emerging as a premier example of a health risk that can largely be molded by the status of the mother and the environmental conditions encountered during sensitive windows of prenatal and early childhood development. While genetic background, allergic status of parents, and predisposition for atopy and inflammation play a role, early-life environmental conditions can completely alter the course of immune and respiratory system development. Environmentally induced alterations that (1) maintain the Th2 bias seen during gestation, (2) block the maturation of innate immune cells and (3) create inflammatory dysfunction in the infant provide the foundation for childhood asthma. No single risk factor can fully explain the increased prevalence of asthma in recent decades but it is assumed that the rapid increase is due to environmental and/or epigenetic changes. Well-established and suspected environmental risk factors cover all categories of early life interactions from diet, exposure to environmental contaminants and drugs, maternal and neonatal infections, hygiene, timing of vaccinations and even the mode of birth delivery. Because asthma is connected to the risk of several comorbid chronic conditions, the benefit of asthma risk reduction and prevention is greater than initially may be apparent. This review discusses strategies to optimize preventative and therapeutic options across life stages.
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Ahmed S, Khoda SME, Rekha RS, Gardner RM, Ameer SS, Moore S, Ekström EC, Vahter M, Raqib R. Arsenic-associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune disruption in human placenta and cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2011; 119:258-64. [PMID: 20940111 PMCID: PMC3040615 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1002086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress and increases the risk of fetal loss and low birth weight. OBJECTIVES In this study we aimed to elucidate the effects of As exposure on immune markers in the placenta and cord blood, and the involvement of oxidative stress. METHODS Pregnant women were enrolled around gestational week (GW) 8 in our longitudinal, population-based, mother-child cohort in Matlab, an area in rural Bangladesh with large variations in As concentrations in well water. Women (n = 130) delivering at local clinics were included in the present study. We collected maternal urine twice during pregnancy (GW8 and GW30) for measurements of As, and placenta and cord blood at delivery for assessment of immune and inflammatory markers. Placental markers were measured by immunohistochemistry, and cord blood cytokines by multiplex cytokine assay. RESULTS In multivariable adjusted models, maternal urinary As (U-As) exposure both at GW8 and at GW30 was significantly positively associated with placental markers of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β); U-As at GW8, with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ); and U-As at GW30, with leptin; U-As at GW8 was inversely associated with CD3+ T cells in the placenta. Cord blood cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IFNγ, TNFα) showed a U-shaped association with U-As at GW30. Placental 8-oxoG was significantly positively associated with placental proinflammatory cytokines. Multivariable adjusted analyses suggested that enhanced placental cytokine expression (TNFα and IFNγ) was primarily influenced by oxidative stress, whereas leptin expression appeared to be mostly mediated by As, and IL-1β appeared to be influenced by both oxidative stress and As. CONCLUSION As exposure during pregnancy appeared to enhance placental inflammatory responses (in part by increasing oxidative stress), reduce placental T cells, and alter cord blood cytokines. These findings suggest that effects of As on immune function may contribute to impaired fetal and infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rokeya Sultana Rekha
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Renee M. Gardner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Syeda Shegufta Ameer
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sophie Moore
- Medical Research Council International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva-Charlotte Ekström
- International Maternal and Child Health, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rubhana Raqib
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Address correspondence to R. Raqib, Nutritional Biochemistry Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh. Telephone: 880-2-8860523-32, Ext. 2404. Fax: 880-28823116/880-28812529. E-mail:
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