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Ramos TDC, Silva ANRD, Souza LCLD, Dekoninck L, Botteldooren D, Teixeira IP. Cyclists' noise exposure in a Brazilian medium-sized city. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:2891-2902. [PMID: 32667570 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020257.157522018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess cyclists' exposure to noise in a medium-sized Brazilian city. Mobile sensors were used to conduct noise measurements in streets with and without dedicated cycling infrastructures. The method can be summarized in the following procedures: i) characterization of the study area; ii) data collection and validation; iii) calculation of exposure indicators; and iv) comparison and representation of the results on maps. Two strategies were adopted for the analysis, namely, spatial data aggregation and temporal data aggregation. Thus, measurements were initially organized in 1,200 nodes distributed along the paths. The results indicate that bicycle riders in São Carlos may be exposed, in some routes, to a high proportion of high noise-level segments. In the two routes selected for this study, the cyclist was exposed to noise levels above the adopted threshold (> 75dBA) in 33.2% and 18.9% of the nodes. Also, the possibility of simultaneously working with two related indicators has broadened the classification criteria of the route segments regarding noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago da Cunha Ramos
- Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt. 13566-590 São Carlos SP Brasil.
| | - Antônio Nélson Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt. 13566-590 São Carlos SP Brasil.
| | - Léa Cristina Lucas de Souza
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. São Carlos SP Brasil
| | - Luc Dekoninck
- Grupo de Pesquisa Waves, Departamento de Tecnologia da Informação, Universidade de Gante. Gante Bélgica
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Grupo de Pesquisa Waves, Departamento de Tecnologia da Informação, Universidade de Gante. Gante Bélgica
| | - Inaian Pignatti Teixeira
- Departamento de Engenharia de Transportes, Universidade de São Paulo. Av. Trabalhador Sãocarlense 400, Parque Arnold Schimidt. 13566-590 São Carlos SP Brasil.
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Taubenböck H, Schmich P, Erbertseder T, Müller I, Tenikl J, Weigand M, Staab J, Wurm M. [Satellite data for recording health-relevant environmental conditions: examples and interdisciplinary potential]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:936-944. [PMID: 32617643 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03177-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Environmental conditions influence human health and interact with other factors such as DNA, lifestyle, or the social environment. Earth observations from space provide data on the most diverse manifestations of these environmental conditions and make it possible to quantify them spatially. Using two examples - the availability of open and recreational space and the spatial distribution of air pollution - this article presents the potential of Earth observations for health studies. In addition, possible applications for health-related issues are discussed. To this end, we try to outline key points for an interdisciplinary approach that meets the conceptual, data technology, and ethical challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Taubenböck
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland.
- Institut für Geographie und Geologie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland.
| | | | - Thilo Erbertseder
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland
| | - Inken Müller
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland
| | - Julia Tenikl
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Weigand
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland
| | - Jeroen Staab
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland
| | - Michael Wurm
- Earth Observation Center (EOC) Weßling, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Münchener Str. 20, 82234, Weßling, Deutschland
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103
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Greco SL, MacIntyre E, Young S, Warden H, Drudge C, Kim J, Candido E, Demers P, Copes R. An approach to estimating the environmental burden of cancer from known and probable carcinogens: application to Ontario, Canada. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1017. [PMID: 32590953 PMCID: PMC7320572 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08771-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying the potential cancer cases associated with environmental carcinogen exposure can help inform efforts to improve population health. This study developed an approach to estimate the environmental burden of cancer and applied it to Ontario, Canada. The purpose was to identify environmental carcinogens with the greatest impact on cancer burden to support evidence-based decision making. METHODS We conducted a probabilistic assessment of the environmental burden of cancer in Ontario. We selected 23 carcinogens that we defined as "environmental" (e.g., pollutants) and were relevant to the province, based on select classifications provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. We evaluated population exposure to the carcinogens through inhalation of indoor/outdoor air; ingestion of food, water, and dust; and exposure to radiation. We obtained or calculated concentration-response functions relating carcinogen exposure and the risk of developing cancer. Using both human health risk assessment and population attributable fraction models in a Monte Carlo simulation, we estimated the annual cancer cases associated with each environmental carcinogen, reporting the simulation summary (e.g., mean and percentiles). RESULTS We estimated between 3540 and 6510 annual cancer cases attributable to exposure to 23 environmental carcinogens in Ontario. Three carcinogens were responsible for over 90% of the environmental burden of cancer: solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, radon in homes, and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in outdoor air. Eight other carcinogens had an estimated mean burden of at least 10 annual cancer cases: acrylamide, arsenic, asbestos, chromium, diesel engine exhaust particulate matter, dioxins, formaldehyde, and second-hand smoke. The remaining 12 carcinogens had an estimated mean burden of less than 10 annual cancer cases in Ontario. CONCLUSIONS We found the environmental burden of cancer in Ontario to fall between previously estimated burdens of alcohol and tobacco use. These results allow for a comparative assessment across carcinogens and offer insights into strategies to reduce the environmental burden of cancer. Our analysis could be adopted by other jurisdictions and repeated in the future for Ontario to track progress in reducing cancer burden, assess newly classified environmental carcinogens, and identify top burden contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Lavinia Greco
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Elaina MacIntyre
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hunter Warden
- Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - JinHee Kim
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elisa Candido
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Demers
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Occupational Cancer Research Centre, Cancer Care Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ray Copes
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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104
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Eze IC, Jeong A, Schaffner E, Rezwan FI, Ghantous A, Foraster M, Vienneau D, Kronenberg F, Herceg Z, Vineis P, Brink M, Wunderli JM, Schindler C, Cajochen C, Röösli M, Holloway JW, Imboden M, Probst-Hensch N. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Peripheral Blood and Long-Term Exposure to Source-Specific Transportation Noise and Air Pollution: The SAPALDIA Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:67003. [PMID: 32484729 PMCID: PMC7263738 DOI: 10.1289/ehp6174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) on air pollutants exist, and none have been done on transportation noise exposures, which also contribute to environmental burden of disease. OBJECTIVE We performed mutually independent EWAS on transportation noise and air pollution exposures. METHODS We used data from two time points of the Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases in Adults (SAPALDIA) from 1,389 participants contributing 2,542 observations. We applied multiexposure linear mixed-effects regressions with participant-level random intercept to identify significant Cytosine-phosphate-Guanine (CpG) sites and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in relation to 1-y average aircraft, railway, and road traffic day-evening-night noise (Lden); nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ); and particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ). We performed candidate (CpG-based; cross-systemic phenotypes, combined into "allostatic load") and agnostic (DMR-based) pathway enrichment tests, and replicated previously reported air pollution EWAS signals. RESULTS We found no statistically significant CpGs at false discovery rate < 0.05 . However, 14, 48, 183, 8, and 71 DMRs independently associated with aircraft, railway, and road traffic Lden; NO 2 ; and PM 2.5 , respectively, with minimally overlapping signals. Transportation Lden and air pollutants tendentially associated with decreased and increased methylation, respectively. We observed significant enrichment of candidate DNA methylation related to C-reactive protein and body mass index (aircraft, road traffic Lden, and PM 2.5 ), renal function and "allostatic load" (all exposures). Agnostic functional networks related to cellular immunity, gene expression, cell growth/proliferation, cardiovascular, auditory, embryonic, and neurological systems development were enriched. We replicated increased methylation in cg08500171 (NO 2 ) and decreased methylation in cg17629796 (PM 2.5 ). CONCLUSIONS Mutually independent DNA methylation was associated with source-specific transportation noise and air pollution exposures, with distinct and shared enrichments for pathways related to inflammation, cellular development, and immune responses. These findings contribute in clarifying the pathways linking these exposures and age-related diseases but need further confirmation in the context of mediation analyses. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6174.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna C Eze
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayoung Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Schaffner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Faisal I Rezwan
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, UK
| | - Akram Ghantous
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Maria Foraster
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Turin, Italy
| | - Mark Brink
- Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Wunderli
- Empa Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schindler
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, and Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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105
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Deaths Attributable to Air Pollution in Nordic Countries: Disparities in the Estimates. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter air pollution is widely considered as the leading environmental cause of premature mortality. However, there are substantial differences in the estimated health burden between the assessments. The aim of this work is to quantify the deaths attributable to ambient air pollution in Nordic countries applying selected assessment tools and approaches, and to identify the main disparities. We quantified and compared the estimated deaths from three health risk assessment tools and from a set of different concentration-response functions. A separate analysis was conducted for the impacts of spatial resolution of the exposure model on the estimated deaths. We found that the death rate (deaths per million) attributable to PM2.5 and O3 were the highest in Denmark and the lowest in Iceland. In the five Nordic countries, the results between the three tools ranged from 8500 to 11,400 for PM2.5 related deaths, and for ozone from 230 to 260 deaths in 2015. Substantially larger differences were found between five concentration-response functions. The shape of concentration-response functions, and applied theoretical thresholds led to substantial differences in the estimated deaths. Nordic countries are especially sensitive to theoretical thresholds due to low exposures. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when using spatial exposure assessment methods, high spatial resolution is necessary to avoid underestimation of exposures and health effects.
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106
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Viana M, Rizza V, Tobías A, Carr E, Corbett J, Sofiev M, Karanasiou A, Buonanno G, Fann N. Estimated health impacts from maritime transport in the Mediterranean region and benefits from the use of cleaner fuels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105670. [PMID: 32203802 PMCID: PMC8314305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ship traffic emissions degrade air quality in coastal areas and contribute to climate impacts globally. The estimated health burden of exposure to shipping emissions in coastal areas may inform policy makers as they seek to reduce exposure and associated potential health impacts. This work estimates the PM2.5-attributable impacts in the form of premature mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions, from long-term exposure to shipping emissions. Health impact assessment (HIA) was performed in 8 Mediterranean coastal cities, using a baseline conditions from the literature and a policy case accounting for the MARPOL Annex VI rules requiring cleaner fuels in 2020. Input data were (a) shipping contributions to ambient PM2.5 concentrations based on receptor modelling studies found in the literature, (b) population and health incidence data from national statistical registries, and (c) geographically-relevant concentration-response functions from the literature. Long-term exposure to ship-sourced PM2.5 accounted for 430 (95% CI: 220-650) premature deaths per year, in the 8 cities, distributed between groups of cities: Barcelona and Athens, with >100 premature deaths/year, and Nicosia, Brindisi, Genoa, Venice, Msida and Melilla, with tens of premature deaths/year. The more stringent standards in 2020 would reduce the number of PM2.5-attributable premature deaths by 15% on average. HIA provided a comparative assessment of the health burden of shipping emissions across Mediterranean coastal cities, which may provide decision support for urban planning with a special focus on harbour areas, and in view of the reduction in sulphur content of marine fuels due to MARPOL Annex VI in 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - V Rizza
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | - A Tobías
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Carr
- Energy and Environmental Research Associates, LLC, Pittsford, NY, United States
| | - J Corbett
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - M Sofiev
- Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Karanasiou
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Buonanno
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino (FR), Italy; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - N Fann
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States
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107
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Khomenko S, Nieuwenhuijsen M, Ambròs A, Wegener S, Mueller N. Is a liveable city a healthy city? Health impacts of urban and transport planning in Vienna, Austria. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109238. [PMID: 32062485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Each year, The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) computes the Global Liveability Index and determines the most liveable cities around the world. Vienna, Austria, was ranked by the EIU as the most liveable city worldwide in 2018 and 2019. However, the relationship between a liveable as well as healthy and environmentally-just city has not been previously explored. To explore whether the most liveable city is also a healthy and environmentally-just one, we estimated the premature mortality burden related to non-compliance with international exposure level recommendations for physical activity (PA), air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2), road traffic noise, green space and heat for Vienna, as well as its distribution by socioeconomic status (SES). We applied the Urban and TranspOrt Planning Health Impact Assessment (UTOPHIA) methodology and estimated the annual mortality, life expectancy (LE) and economic impact of non-compliance with exposure guidelines for the Viennese adult population ≥ 20 years. We compared current with recommended exposure levels, quantified the association between exposures and mortality and calculated attributable health impact fractions. Eight percent of premature mortality (i.e. 1239 deaths, 95% CI: 679-1784) was estimated to be attributable to non-compliance with the recommended exposure levels. Seventy-six percent of the attributable premature mortality was due to PM2.5 exposure and insufficient PA. Non-compliance also resulted in an average of 199 days of LE lost for the adult population (95% CI: 111-280) and an economic impact of 4.6 (95% CI: 2.5-6.7) billion 2015€ annually. Overall, residents of lower SES neighbourhoods faced higher risk of premature mortality due to higher exposure to NO2, road traffic noise, heat and less green space. Despite high liveability standards according to EIU definition, a considerable premature mortality burden was attributable to non-compliance with exposure recommendations, and socioeconomic inequalities were estimated. Although the exposure attributable mortality burden was lower than in other European cities and local Viennese policies favour the reduction of motorized traffic, alongside the promotion of active and public transport and urban greening, there is room for further alignment of liveability, environmental health and justice objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Khomenko
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Albert Ambròs
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Wegener
- Institute for Transport Studies, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Natalie Mueller
- Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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108
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Yan Y, Yang S, Zhou Y, Song Y, Huang J, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wei S. Estimating the national burden of mild intellectual disability in children exposed to dietary lead in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105553. [PMID: 32086077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of lead as a dietary pollutant remain a global public health concern that needs urgent resolution. Children are highly susceptible to the adverse outcomes of lead pollution, as even low levels of lead may cause irreversible damage to intellectual development. Since several sources of lead exposure are present in the environment, it is necessary to identify the attributable burden of lead-related diseases arising from different exposure sources. In the present study, we used epidemiological data from studies around the nation to estimate the burden of mild intellectual disability (MID) attributed to lead exposure sources by using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). To this end, a dose-response approach was used and a model comprising three components was established: exposure, dose-response, and DALYs module. In Chinese children aged 0-6 years, blood lead levels (BLLs) of 5.34 ± 3.09 μg/dL resulted in a MID incidence rate of 12.84 cases per 1000 children, with an estimated burden of disease (BoD) of 42.23 DALYs per 1000 children. Owing to dietary lead exposure, 36.64 healthy life years per 1000 children were lost, which was notably higher than the outcomes associated with exposure from other sources. This was consistent with the result that dietary exposure was the main contributor to children's lead exposure, accounting for 86.76%. According to the regional distribution based on the existing literature, the areas in China with higher BLLs were Heilongjiang, Shanxi, and Jiangxi. Our findings provided the information for lead risk management decisions and policies making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhong Yan
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sulian Yang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yujing Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Song
- National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 10022, China.
| | - Jiao Huang
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhaoping Liu
- National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 10022, China.
| | - Yibaina Wang
- National Food Safety Risk Assessment Center, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 10022, China.
| | - Sheng Wei
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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109
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Zeng Q, Fan L, Ni Y, Li G, Gu Q. Construction of AQHI based on the exposure relationship between air pollution and YLL in northern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:136264. [PMID: 31923661 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current air quality index (AQI) has been argued for failing to respond to the combined health effects of multiple air pollutants. Thus, it is a challenge to construct a new indicator, air quality health index (AQHI) to comprehensively assess and predict air quality and the health effects caused by air pollution. Here, we have comprehensively considered the relationship between six air pollutants and the total mortality. And we constructed AQHI using the principal component analysis (FCA) by taking into account of the associations between six main air pollutants and YLL in Tianjin, China from 2014 to 2017. Then, we used the K-fold cross-validation method and the method of comparing AQHI with AQI to assess the validity of AQHI, respectively. Two principal components (F1 and F2) were used to construct AQHI; the cumulative contribution rate of variance for them was >70% (53.6% and 16.4%, respectively). With each unit increase of F1, the total daily YLL increased by 18.420 person-years. With each unit increase of F2, the total daily YLL increased by 22.409 person-years. The correlation between the predicted and actual values of total mortality and total YLL of AQHI was 0.742 (P < 0.001) and 0.700 (P < 0.001), respectively. The difference between AQI and AQHI was statistically significant (χ2 = 103.15, P < 0.001). There was a correlation between AQHI and AQI (r = 0.807, P < 0.01), and the grading was also correlated (rs = 0.580, P < 0.01). With an increase of interquartile range (IQR) for AQHI, the daily YLL increased by 32.797 (95% CI: 14.559, 51.034), while for the AQI, the daily YLL increased by 22.367 (95% CI: 6.619, 38.116), which was less than AQHI. These results imply that AQHI can comprehensively consider the impact of various pollutants on disease mortality and YLL, and can comprehensively reflect air quality, which has an important practical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zeng
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Lin Fan
- Institute of Environmental Health and Related Product Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yang Ni
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, PR China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qing Gu
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, PR China.
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Abstract
Burden of disease analyses can quantify the relative impact of different exposures on population health outcomes. Gastroenteritis where the causative pathogen was not determined and respiratory illness resulting from exposure to opportunistic pathogens transmitted by water aerosols have not always been considered in waterborne burden of disease estimates. We estimated the disease burden attributable to nine enteric pathogens, unspecified pathogens leading to gastroenteritis, and three opportunistic pathogens leading primarily to respiratory illness, in Ontario, Canada (population ~14 million). Employing a burden of disease framework, we attributed a fraction of annual (year 2016) emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalisations and deaths to waterborne transmission. Attributable fractions were developed from the literature and clinical input, and unattributed disease counts were obtained using administrative data. Our Monte Carlo simulation reflected uncertainty in the inputs. The estimated mean annual attributable rates for waterborne diseases were (per 100 000 population): 69 ED visits, 12 hospitalisations and 0.52 deaths. The corresponding 5th–95th percentile estimates were (per 100 000 population): 13–158 ED visits, 5–22 hospitalisations and 0.29–0.83 deaths. The burden of disease due to unspecified pathogens dominated these rates: 99% for ED visits, 63% for hospitalisations and 40% for deaths. However, when a causative pathogen was specified, the majority of hospitalisations (83%) and deaths (97%) resulted from exposure to the opportunistic pathogens Legionella spp., non-tuberculous mycobacteria and Pseudomonas spp. The waterborne disease burden in Ontario indicates the importance of gastroenteritis not traced back to a particular pathogen and of opportunistic pathogens transmitted primarily through contact with water aerosols.
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Alsina-Pagès RM, Freixes M, Orga F, Foraster M, Labairu-Trenchs A. Perceptual evaluation of the citizen’s acoustic environment from classic noise monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23748834.2020.1737346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc Freixes
- Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia (GTM)., La Salle, URL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Orga
- Grup de Recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia (GTM)., La Salle, URL, Barcelona, Spain
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Wolf K, Kraus U, Dzolan M, Bolte G, Lakes T, Schikowski T, Greiser KH, Kuß O, Ahrens W, Bamberg F, Becher H, Berger K, Brenner H, Castell S, Damms-Machado A, Fischer B, Franzke CW, Gastell S, Günther K, Holleczek B, Jaeschke L, Kaaks R, Keil T, Kemmling Y, Krist L, Legath N, Leitzmann M, Lieb W, Loeffler M, Meinke-Franze C, Michels KB, Mikolajczyk R, Moebus S, Mueller U, Obi N, Pischon T, Rathmann W, Schipf S, Schmidt B, Schulze M, Thiele I, Thierry S, Waniek S, Wigmann C, Wirkner K, Zschocke J, Peters A, Schneider A. [Nighttime transportation noise annoyance in Germany: personal and regional differences in the German National Cohort Study]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2020; 63:332-343. [PMID: 32047975 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-020-03094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noise annoyance is associated with adverse health-related conditions and reduced wellbeing. Thereby, subjective noise annoyance depends on the objective noise exposure and is modified by personal and regional factors. OBJECTIVE How many participants of the German National Cohort Study (GNC; NAKO Gesundheitsstudie) were annoyed by transportation noise during nighttime and what factors were associated with noise annoyance? MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional analysis included 86,080 participants from 18 study centers, examined from 2014 to 2017. We used multinomial logistic regression to investigate associations of personal and regional factors to noise annoyance (slightly/moderately or strongly/extremely annoyed vs. not annoyed) mutually adjusting for all factors in the model. RESULTS Two thirds of participants were not annoyed by transportation noise during nighttime and one in ten reported strong/extreme annoyance with highest percentages for the study centers Berlin-Mitte and Leipzig. The strongest associations were seen for factors related to the individual housing situation like the bedroom being positioned towards a major road (OR of being slightly/moderately annoyed: 4.26 [95% CI: 4.01;4.52]; OR of being strongly/extremely annoyed: 13.36 [95% CI: 12.47;14.32]) compared to a garden/inner courtyard. Participants aged 40-60 years and those in low- and medium-income groups reported greater noise annoyance compared to younger or older ones and those in the high-income group. CONCLUSION In this study from Germany, transportation noise annoyance during nighttime varied by personal and regional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Wolf
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland.
| | - Ute Kraus
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland
| | - Mihovil Dzolan
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland
- Fakultät für Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften, Technische Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Institut für Public Health und Pflegeforschung, Abteilung Sozialepidemiologie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Tobia Lakes
- Geographisches Institut, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF - Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Karin Halina Greiser
- Abteilung Epidemiologie von Krebserkrankungen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Oliver Kuß
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes-Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Bremen, Deutschland
- Institut für Statistik, Fachbereich Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - Fabian Bamberg
- Klinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Heiko Becher
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Abteilung Klinische Epidemiologie und Alternsforschung, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Stefanie Castell
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Antje Damms-Machado
- Abteilung Epidemiologie von Krebserkrankungen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Beate Fischer
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Claus-Werner Franzke
- Institut für Prävention und Tumorepidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Sylvia Gastell
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, NAKO Studienzentrum, Nuthetal, Deutschland
| | - Kathrin Günther
- Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS, Bremen, Deutschland
| | | | - Lina Jaeschke
- Forschergruppe Molekulare Epidemiologie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Abteilung Epidemiologie von Krebserkrankungen, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Institut für Klinische Epidemiologie und Biometrie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
- Landesinstitut für Gesundheit, Bayerisches Landesamt für Gesundheit und Lebensmittelsicherheit, Bad Kissingen, Deutschland
| | - Yvonne Kemmling
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI), Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsökonomie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Nicole Legath
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Sozialmedizin, Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Michael Leitzmann
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen (LIFE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik, und Epidemiologie (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Meinke-Franze
- Institut für Community Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Karin B Michels
- Institut für Prävention und Tumorepidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Susanne Moebus
- Institut für medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Ulrich Mueller
- Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung, Wiesbaden, Deutschland
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Forschergruppe Molekulare Epidemiologie, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC), Berlin, Deutschland
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partnerstandort Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
- MDC/BIH Biobank, Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft (MDC) und Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Institut für Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Leibniz-Zentrum für Diabetes-Forschung an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Sabine Schipf
- Institut für Community Medicine, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institut für medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Schulze
- Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Deutschland
| | - Inke Thiele
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland
| | - Sigrid Thierry
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland
- NAKO Studienzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Augsburg, Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - Sabina Waniek
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- IUF - Leibniz-Institut für Umweltmedizinische Forschung, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Wirkner
- Leipziger Forschungszentrum für Zivilisationserkrankungen (LIFE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik, und Epidemiologie (IMISE), Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Johannes Zschocke
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Deutschland
| | - Annette Peters
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland
- Institut für Medizinische Informationsverarbeitung, Biometrie und Epidemiologie (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institut für Epidemiologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München - Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Deutschland
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Thacher JD, Poulsen AH, Raaschou-Nielsen O, Jensen A, Hillig K, Roswall N, Hvidtfeldt U, Jensen SS, Levin G, Valencia VH, Sørensen M. High-resolution assessment of road traffic noise exposure in Denmark. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 182:109051. [PMID: 31896468 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show associations between transportation noise and various diseases. However, selection bias remains an inherent limitation in many cohort studies. In this study, we aimed to model road traffic noise exposure across the entire Danish population and investigate its distribution in relation to area-level socioeconomic indicators and green space. Based on the Nordic prediction method, we estimated road traffic noise for all Danish residential addresses, in total 2,761,739 addresses, for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 at the most and least exposed façades. Area-level sociodemographic variables encompassing education, income, and unemployment were collected and residential green within a 150 m radius buffer at the address level was estimated using high-resolution national land use classification data. Median levels of noise at both the most and least exposed facades across Denmark increased slightly from 1995 to 2015. Correlations between most and least exposed façades varied based on population density and building type, with the highest correlations between the most and least exposed façades found for semidetached homes and lowest for multistory buildings. Increasing median noise levels were observed across increasing levels of higher education, lower income, and higher unemployment. A decreasing trend in median noise levels with increasing levels of green space was observed. In conclusion, we showed that it is feasible to estimate nationwide, address-specific exposure over a long time-period. Furthermore, the low correlations found between most and least exposed façade for multistory buildings, which characterize metropolitan centers, suggests that the most exposed façade estimation used in most previous studies and predicts exposure at the silent façade relatively poorly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Thacher
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Aslak H Poulsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | - Nina Roswall
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Hvidtfeldt
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen S Jensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gregor Levin
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Victor H Valencia
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
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114
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Sohrabi S, Khreis H. Burden of disease from transportation noise and motor vehicle crashes: Analysis of data from Houston, Texas. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 136:105520. [PMID: 32044176 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transportation systems have an essential role in satisfying individuals' needs for mobility and accessibility. Yet, they have been linked to several adverse health impacts, with a large, but modifiable, burden of disease. Among the several transportation-related health risk factors, this study focused on transportation-related noise as an emerging exposure whose burden of disease remains partially recognized. We compared premature deaths potentially attributable to transportation-related noise with deaths from motor vehicle crashes, a well-researched and widely recognized transportation risk factor. METHOD We employed a standard burden of disease assessment framework to quantify premature cardiovascular diseases mortality attributable to transportation-related (road and aviation) noise at the census tract level (n = 592) in Houston, Texas. The results were compared to motor vehicle crash fatalities, which are routinely observed and collected in the study area. We also investigated the distribution of premature deaths across the city and explored the relationship between household median income and premature deaths attributable to transportation-related noise. RESULTS We estimated 302 (95% CI: 185-427) premature deaths (adults 30-75 years old) attributable to transportation-related noise in Houston, compared to 330 fatalities from motor vehicle crashes (adults younger than 75 years old). Transportation-related noise and motor vehicle crashes were responsible for 1.7% and 1.9% of all-cause premature deaths in Houston, respectively. Households with lower median income had a higher risk of adverse exposure and premature deaths potentially attributable to transportation-related noise. A larger number of premature deaths was associated with living in the central business district and the vicinity of highways and airports. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the significant contribution of transportation-related noise and motor vehicle crashes to premature deaths in the city of Houston. The analogy between the estimated premature deaths attributable to transportation-related noise and motor vehicle crashes showed that the health impacts of transportation-related noise were as significant as motor vehicle crashes. The estimated premature death rate attributable to transportation-related noise was also comparable to the death rate caused by suicide, influenza, or pneumonia in the US. There is an urgent need for imposing policies to reduce transportation noise emissions and human exposures and to equip health impact assessment tools with a noise burden of disease analysis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Sohrabi
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation, Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA; Zachery Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Haneen Khreis
- Center for Advancing Research in Transportation, Emissions, Energy, and Health (CARTEEH), Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), TX, USA; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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115
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Rumrich IK, Vähäkangas K, Viluksela M, Hänninen O. Chained Risk Assessment for Life-Long Disease Burden of Early Exposures - Demonstration of Concept Using Prenatal Maternal Smoking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051472. [PMID: 32106496 PMCID: PMC7084403 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Traditional risk factors and environmental exposures only explain less than half of the disease burden. The developmental origin of the health and disease (DOHaD) concept proposes that prenatal and early postnatal exposures increase disease susceptibility throughout life. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the application of the DOHaD concept in a chained risk assessment and to provide an estimate of later in life burden of disease related to maternal smoking. We conducted three systematic literature searches for meta-analysis and reviewed the literature reporting meta-analyses of long-term health outcomes associated with maternal smoking and intermediate risk factors (preterm birth, low birth weight, childhood overweight). In the chained model the three selected risk factors explained an additional 2% (34,000 DALY) of the total non-communicable disease burden (1.4 million DALY) in 2017. Being overweight in childhood was the most important risk factor (28,000 DALY). Maternal smoking was directly associated with 170 DALY and indirectly via the three intermediate risk factors 1000 DALY (1200 DALY in total). The results confirm the potential to explain a previously unattributed part of the non-communicable diseases by the DOHAD concept. It is likely that relevant outcomes are missing, resulting in an underestimation of disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell K. Rumrich
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-29-524-7030
| | - Kirsi Vähäkangas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (K.V.); (M.V.)
| | - Matti Viluksela
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy/Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (K.V.); (M.V.)
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Otto Hänninen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 95, 70701 Kuopio, Finland;
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Begou P, Kassomenos P, Kelessis A. Effects of road traffic noise on the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases: The case of Thessaloniki, Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134477. [PMID: 31731165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic noise is a growing challenge for human health in the last decades. World Health Organization (WHO) summarized the scientific evidence on side effects of noise on public health and wellbeing since 1999 in its publication "Guidelines for community noise". The WHO's documentation was completed in 2009 with the Night Noise Guidelines for Europe and in 2011 with the Burden of disease from environmental noise highlighting the negative effects of environmental noise on health. In this paper, we studied and presented the overall noise levels and the exposure of the population in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece. The estimation of the exposure to road traffic noise was based on the census data for a 15-year time period (e.g. 2000-2015). The quantification of the environmental burden of cardiovascular diseases, due to urban traffic noise, is calculated in terms of DALYs. The calculation is based on the morbidity and mortality data from the hypertensive, ischemic heart, and cerebrovascular diseases of the total population. Our analysis proved that the road traffic noise in Thessaloniki causes almost 2000 DALYs lost in the total population each year. Also, the exposure to road traffic noise was estimated by three measuring points, two of them located in the urban Thessaloniki (a high traffic highway and a residential area) and the third one situated in one urban background area in the urban outskirts of Thessaloniki. The noise levels were measured for a 24-h period during a 3 year time period for every measuring point. The imposed WHO noise levels were exceeded in both high traffic highway and residential areas for almost the whole time of the measurement period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Begou
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Pavlos Kassomenos
- Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kelessis
- Environmental Department, Municipality of Thessaloniki, Paparigopoulou 7, Thessaloniki 54630, Greece.
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Münzel T, Kröller-Schön S, Oelze M, Gori T, Schmidt FP, Steven S, Hahad O, Röösli M, Wunderli JM, Daiber A, Sørensen M. Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Traffic Noise with a Focus on Nighttime Noise and the New WHO Noise Guidelines. Annu Rev Public Health 2020; 41:309-328. [PMID: 31922930 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-081519-062400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic noise is associated with stress and sleep disturbances. The World Health Organization (WHO) recently concluded that road traffic noise increases the risk for ischemic heart disease and potentially other cardiometabolic diseases, including stroke, obesity, and diabetes. The WHO report focused on whole-day noise exposure, but new epidemiological and translational field noise studies indicate that nighttime noise, in particular,is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) through increased levels of stress hormones and vascular oxidative stress, leading to endothelial dysfunction and subsequent development of various CVDs. Novel experimental studies found noise to be associated with oxidative stress-induced vascular and brain damage, mediated by activation of the NADPH oxidase, uncoupling of endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and vascular/brain infiltration with inflammatory cells. Noise-induced pathophysiology was more pronounced in response to nighttime as compared with daytime noise. This review focuses on the consequences of nighttime noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Tommaso Gori
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank P Schmidt
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Omar Hahad
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Wunderli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; .,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
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Ahmad A, van der Wens P, Baken K, de Waal L, Bhattacharya P, Stuyfzand P. Arsenic reduction to <1 µg/L in Dutch drinking water. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105253. [PMID: 31810053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic element which naturally occurs in drinking water. In spite of substantial evidence on the association between many illnesses and chronic consumption of As, there is still a considerable uncertainty about the health risks due to low As concentrations in drinking water. In the Netherlands, drinking water companies aim to supply water with As concentration of <1 μg/L - a water quality goal which is tenfold more stringent than the current WHO guideline. This paper provides (i) an account on the assessed lung cancer risk for the Dutch population due to pertinent low-level As in drinking water and cost-comparison between health care provision and As removal from water, (ii) an overview of As occurrence and mobility in drinking water sources and water treatment systems in the Netherlands and (iii) insights into As removal methods that have been employed or under investigation to achieve As reduction to <1 µg/L at Dutch water treatment plants. Lowering of the average As concentration to <1μg/L in the Netherlands is shown to result in an annual benefit of 7.2-14 M€. This study has a global significance for setting drinking water As limits and provision of safe drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ahmad
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University and Research (WUR), Wageningen, the Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V. Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Kirsten Baken
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk de Waal
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pieter Stuyfzand
- KWR Water Cycle Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Department of Geoscience and Engineering, Technical University Delft, the Netherlands
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119
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Sørensen M, Sørensen TIA, Ketzel M, Raaschou-Nielsen O. Exposure to traffic noise and gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention: a cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2019; 77:107-114. [PMID: 31801799 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transportation noise has been associated with markers of obesity. We aimed to investigate whether road traffic and railway noise were associated with weight gain during and after pregnancy. METHODS Among the women participating in the Danish National Birth Cohort, 74 065 reported on weight before and during the pregnancy (gestational week 30) and 52 661 reported on weight before and 18 months after pregnancy. Residential address history from conception to 18 months after pregnancy was obtained in national registers, and road traffic and railway noise were modelled for all addresses. Associations between noise and gestational weight gain (GWG) and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) were analysed using the linear and log-binomial regression. RESULTS A 10 dB(A) higher road traffic noise was associated with an increase in GWG of 3.8 g/week (95% CI 2.3 to 5.3) and PPWR of 0.09 kg (95% CI 0.02 to 0.16). For PPWR, this association seemed confined to women who were overweight (0.17 kg, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.32) or obese (0.49 kg, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.73) before pregnancy. Further adjustment by nitrogen dioxide reduced GWG risk estimates and slightly increased PPWR risk estimates. Railway noise ≥65 dB(A) was associated with an increase in GWG of 4.5 g/week (95% CI -2.7 to 11.6) and PPWR of 0.26 kg (95% CI -0.09 to 0.60) compared with levels <55 dB(A). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that road traffic noise is associated with weight gain during and after the pregnancy, which adds to the literature linking transportation noise to adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Sørensen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark .,Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark.,Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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120
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Carreras G, Lugo A, Gallus S, Cortini B, Fernández E, López MJ, Soriano JB, López-Nicolás A, Semple S, Gorini G. Burden of disease attributable to second-hand smoke exposure: A systematic review. Prev Med 2019; 129:105833. [PMID: 31505203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to provide a systematic review of studies on the burden of disease due to second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure, reviewing methods, exposure assessment, diseases causally linked to SHS, health outcomes, and estimates available to date. A literature review of studies on the burden of disease from SHS exposure, available in PubMed and SCOPUS, published 2007-2018 in English language, was carried out following the PRISMA recommendations. Overall, 588 studies were first identified, and 94 were eligible. Seventy-two studies were included in the systematic review. Most of them were based on the comparative risk assessment approach, assessing SHS exposure using mainly surveys on exposure at home/workplaces. Diseases more frequently studied were: lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and breast cancer in adults; lower respiratory tract infection, otitis media, asthma, sudden infant death syndrome and low birth weight in children. The SHS exposure assessment and the reported population attributable fractions (PAF) were largely heterogeneous. As an example, the PAF from lung cancer varied between 0.6% and 20.5%. Moreover, PAF were estimated applying relative risks and SHS exposures with no consistent definitions or with different age classes. The research gap on the SHS exposure burden is shrinking. However, estimates are not yet available for a number of countries, particularly the Middle Eastern and African countries, and not all diseases with the strongest evidence of causation, such as sudden infant death syndrome, have been explored. Moreover, in some cases the applied methodology revealed relatively low quality of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Carreras
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Lugo
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS (IRFMN), Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvano Gallus
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS (IRFMN), Via La Masa 19, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cortini
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Granvia de L'Hospitalet, 199-203, PC 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Granvia de L'Hospitalet, 199, PC 08908 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Campus de Bellvitge, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, s/n, PC 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Maria José López
- Public Health Agency of Barcelona (ASPB). Pl. Lesseps, 1, PC 08023 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0. PC 28029, Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, PC 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan B Soriano
- Hospital Universitario La Princesa (IISP), Diego de León, 62 1st floor, PC 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel López-Nicolás
- Polytechnic University of Cartagena (UPCT), Plaza Cronista Isidoro Valverde, s/n, PC 30202 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Sean Semple
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK
| | - Giuseppe Gorini
- Oncologic Network, Prevention and Research Institute (ISPRO), via Cosimo il Vecchio 2, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Application of the Intermittency Ratio Metric for the Classification of Urban Sites Based on Road Traffic Noise Events. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19235136. [PMID: 31771185 PMCID: PMC6928980 DOI: 10.3390/s19235136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human hearing adapts to steady signals, but remains very sensitive to fluctuations as well as to prominent, salient noise events. The higher these fluctuations are, the more annoying a sound is possibly perceived. To quantify these fluctuations, descriptors have been proposed in the literature and, among these, the intermittency ratio (IR) has been formulated to quantify the eventfulness of an exposure from transportation noise. This paper deals with the application of IR to urban road traffic noise data, collected in terms of 1 s A-weighted sound pressure level (SPL), without being attended, monitored continuously for 24 h in 90 sites in the city of Milan. IR was computed on each hourly data of the 251 time series available (lasting 24 h each), including different types of roads, from motorways to local roads with low traffic flow. The obtained hourly IR values have been processed by clustering methods to extract the most significant temporal pattern features of IR in order to figure out a criterion to classify the urban sites taking into account road traffic noise events, which potentially increase annoyance. Two clusters have been obtained and a “non-acoustic” parameter x, determined by combination of the traffic flow rate in three hourly intervals, has allowed to associate each site with the cluster membership. The described methodology could be fruitfully applied on road traffic noise data in other cities. Moreover, to have a more detailed characterization of noise exposure, IR, describing SPL short-term temporal variations, has proved to be a useful supplementary metric accompanying LAeq, which is limited to measure the energy content of the noise exposure.
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122
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Chang TY, Liang CH, Wu CF, Chang LT. Application of land-use regression models to estimate sound pressure levels and frequency components of road traffic noise in Taichung, Taiwan. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 131:104959. [PMID: 31284109 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have applied land-use regression to predict road traffic noise exposure, and there are few predictive models for different frequencies. This study aimed to measure 24-h average road traffic noise levels and to analyze the frequency components over one year to establish land-use regression models of noise exposure. Fifty monitoring stations were set up to conduct 3 measurements for A-weighted equivalent sound pressure levels over 24 h (Leq,24h) and night equivalent sound pressure levels (Lnight), as well as octave-band analyses, during the 2013-2014 period. Noise measurements were integrated with land-use types, road and traffic information, meteorological data and geographic information systems to construct land-use regression models. Leave-one-out cross-validation was performed to test the validity of the predictive models. The annual means of Leq,24h and Lnight were 66.4 ± 4.7 A-weighed decibels (dBA) and 62.1 ± 6.0 dBA, respectively. Octave-band frequency analyses revealed that the highest means over 24 h and at night were 61.4 ± 5.3 decibels (dB) and 56.7 ± 6.6 dB (both at 1000 Hz), respectively. The model-explained variance (R2) of the full-frequency noise was 0.83 for Leq,24h and 0.79 for Lnight. The R2 values for octave-band-frequency noise ranged from 0.67 to 0.88 for Leq,24h and 0.65 to 0.85 for Lnight, with the highest R2 at 250 Hz for Leq,24h and at 125 Hz for Lnight. The differences between the model R2 and the leave-one-out cross-validation R2 ranged from 5% to 15% for both Leq,24h and Lnight at all frequencies. In the validation, the root mean squared error was 2.09 dBA and 2.80 dBA for the full-frequency Leq,24 and Lnight, respectively, and ranged from 1.89 to 2.62 dB and from 2.51 to 3.28 dB for the octave-band-frequency Leq,24h and Lnight, respectively. This study observed that the annual means of the measured Leq,24h and Lnight in Taichung were both above 60 dBA and had the highest level at 1000 Hz. The developed land-use regression models of Leq,24 and Lnight both had good predictive capacity for the full frequency spectrum and within octave bands and can therefore be applied for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsiang Liang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Wu
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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123
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Recio A. Tumour growth activation by the central nervous system-An integrative theory of cancer. Stress Health 2019; 35:569-581. [PMID: 31397066 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The currently recognized mechanisms of the biology of cancer are not yet enough to explain the high incidence of the disease in industrialized countries. Survival and proliferation of cancer cells demand a well-orchestrated combination of functional capabilities, or hallmarks, which requires complex signalling networks that often exceed the tumour boundaries. Based on latest research on environmental health and aiming to provide cancer with a coherent set of organizing principles, we propose an integrative model of carcinogenesis founded on tumour growth activation by the central nervous system as an adaptive, allostatic response to both environmental and emotional challenges. In this way, chronicity of physical as well as psychological stressors may be directly involved in cancer genesis and progression, after an early inflammatory stage. The model also contemplates accidental activation of the tumour growth programme following direct DNA damage, but as a rare event that does not account for most cancers in humans. Bodily and cellular mechanisms designed to facilitate tumorigenesis may include exacerbation of the sympathetic activity, overexpression of membrane ion channels, promotion of selected mutations and methylations, degradation of the mitochondria and reprogramming of adult stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Recio
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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124
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Lim J, Kweon K, Kim HW, Cho SW, Park J, Sim CS. Negative impact of noise and noise sensitivity on mental health in childhood. Noise Health 2019; 20:199-211. [PMID: 30516173 PMCID: PMC6301087 DOI: 10.4103/nah.nah_9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Noise and noise sensitivity have negative effects on mental health and are not well-studied in children and adolescents. In this study, we investigated these effects in the aforementioned population with respect to sociodemographic variables and environmental factors. Materials and Methods: In this population-based study conducted in two large cities in South Korea, 918 elementary and middle-school students were included. After direct measurements at the selected sites, a noise map was created using an interpolation method. The road traffic noise of the participants’ residential areas was calculated based on this noise map. Noise sensitivity was assessed on an 11-point Likert scale. Using multivariate logistic regression, we investigated the relationship among noise, noise sensitivity, and the Child Behavior Checklist. Further analyses were performed subdividing the data according to household income levels. Results: Noise sensitivity was significantly associated with internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioral problems. Noise was positively associated with total behavioral problems. In the low-income group, the degree of association with problem behaviors was higher, whereas the relationship between noise sensitivity and externalization problems disappeared in the high-income group. Conclusion: Noise and noise sensitivity are negatively associated with the mental health of children and adolescents, particularly in low-income groups. The findings of this study suggest that noise sensitivity and socioeconomic status should be considered in coping with negative effects of noise in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongseok Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Kukju Kweon
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Hyo-Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chang Sun Sim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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125
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Regional Inhaled Deposited Dose of Urban Aerosols in an Eastern Mediterranean City. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10090530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We calculated the regional deposited dose of inhaled particulate matter based on number/mass concentrations in Amman, Jordan. The dose rate was the highest during exercising but was generally lower for females compared to males. The fine particles dose rate was 1010–1011 particles/h (101–102 µg/h). The PM10 dose rate was 49–439 µg/h for males and 36–381 µg/h for females. While resting, the PM10 deposited in the head airways was 67–77% and 8–12% in the tracheobronchial region. When exercising, the head airways received 37–44% of the PM10, whereas the tracheobronchial region received 31–35%. About 8% (exercise) and 14–16% (rest) of the PM2.5 was received in the head airways, whereas the alveolar received 74–76% (exercise) and 54–62% (rest). Extending the results for common exposure scenarios in the city revealed alarming results for service workers and police officers; they might receive PM2.5 and 220 µg/h PM10 while doing their duty on main roads adjacent to traffic. This is especially critical for a pregnant police officer. Outdoor athletic activities (e.g., jogging along main roads) are associated with high PM2.5 and PM10 dose rates (100 µg/h and ~425 µg/h, respectively).
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126
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Hanigan IC, Chaston TB, Hinze B, Dennekamp M, Jalaludin B, Kinfu Y, Morgan GG. A statistical downscaling approach for generating high spatial resolution health risk maps: a case study of road noise and ischemic heart disease mortality in Melbourne, Australia. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:20. [PMID: 31488145 PMCID: PMC6727326 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Road traffic noise increases the risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease (IHD). Because noise is highly localized, high resolution maps of exposures and health outcomes are key to urban planning interventions that are informed by health risks. In Australia, publicly accessible IHD deaths data are only available at the coarse spatial aggregation level of local government area (LGA), in which about 130,000 people reside. Herein, we addressed this limitation of health data using statistical downscaling and generated environmental health risk maps for noise at the meshblock level (MB; ~ 90 people). Methods We estimated noise exposures at the MB level using a model of road traffic noise in Melbourne, Australia, from 2011. As recommended by the World Health Organization, a non-linear exposure–response function for traffic noise and IHD was used to calculate odds ratios for noise related IHD in all MBs. Noise attributable risks of IHD death were then estimated by statistically downscaling LGA-level IHD rates to the MB level. Results Noise levels of 80 dB were recorded in some MBs. From the given noise maps, approximately 5% of the population was exposed to traffic noise above the risk threshold of 55 dB. Maps of excess risk at the MB level identified areas in which noise levels and exposed populations are large. Attributable rates of IHD deaths due to noise were generally very low, but some were as high as 5–10 per 100,000, and in extremely noisy and populated MBs represented more than 8% excess risk of IHD death. We presented results as interactive maps of excess risk due to noise at the small neighbourhood scale. Conclusion Our method accommodates low-resolution health data and could be used to inform urban planning and public health decision making for various environmental health concerns. Estimated noise related IHD deaths were relatively few in Melbourne in 2011, likely because road traffic is one of many noise sources and the current noise model underestimates exposures. Nonetheless, this novel computational framework could be used globally to generate maps of noise related health risks using scant health outcomes data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan C Hanigan
- School of Public Health and University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Research and Action in Public Health and Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. .,The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, Australia.
| | - Timothy B Chaston
- School of Public Health and University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Martine Dennekamp
- Environment Protection Authority Victoria, Carlton, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, Australia
| | - Bin Jalaludin
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, Australia
| | - Yohannes Kinfu
- Centre for Research and Action in Public Health and Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.,Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- School of Public Health and University Centre for Rural Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, Australia
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Tobollik M, Hintzsche M, Wothge J, Myck T, Plass D. Burden of Disease Due to Traffic Noise in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132304. [PMID: 31261828 PMCID: PMC6651346 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traffic noise is nearly ubiquitous and thus can affect the health of many people. Using the German noise mapping data according to the Directive 2002/49/EC of 2017 and exposure-response functions for ischemic heart disease, noise annoyance and sleep disturbance assessed by the World Health Organization's Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region the burden of disease due to traffic noise is quantified. The burden of disease is expressed in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and its components. The highest burden was found for road traffic noise, with 75,896 DALYs when only considering moderate evidence. When including all available evidence, 176,888 DALYs can be attributable to road traffic noise. The burden due to aircraft and railway noise is lower because fewer people are exposed. Comparing the burden by health outcomes, the biggest share is due to ischemic heart disease (90%) in regard to aircraft noise, however, the lowest evidence was expressed for the association between traffic noise and ischemic heart disease. Therefore, the results should be interpreted with caution. Using alternative input parameters (e.g., exposure data) can lead to a much higher burden. Nevertheless, environmental noise is an important risk factor which leads to considerable loss of healthy life years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Tobollik
- German Environment Agency, Section Exposure Assessment and Environmental Health Indicators, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Matthias Hintzsche
- German Environment Agency, Section Noise Abatement of Industrial Plants and Products, Noise Impact, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Jördis Wothge
- German Environment Agency, Section Noise Abatement of Industrial Plants and Products, Noise Impact, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Thomas Myck
- German Environment Agency, Section Noise Abatement of Industrial Plants and Products, Noise Impact, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany.
| | - Dietrich Plass
- German Environment Agency, Section Exposure Assessment and Environmental Health Indicators, Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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128
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Bergadà P, Alsina-Pagès RM. An Approach to Frequency Selectivity in an Urban Environment by Means of Multi-Path Acoustic Channel Analysis. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19122793. [PMID: 31234418 PMCID: PMC6630746 DOI: 10.3390/s19122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The improvement of quality of life in the framework of the smart city paradigm cannot be limited to a set of objective measures carried out over several critical parameters (e.g., noise or air pollution). Noise disturbances depend not only on the equivalent level LAeq measured, but also on the spectral distribution of the sounds perceived by people. Propagation modelling to conduct auralization can be done either with geometrical acoustics or with wave-based methods, given the fact that urban environments are acoustically complex scenarios. In this work, we present a first analysis of the acoustic spectral distribution of street noise, based on the frequency selectivity of the urban outdoor channel and its corresponding coherence bandwidth. The analysis was conducted in the framework of the data collected in the Milan pilotWASN of the DYNAMAP LIFE project, with the use of three simulated acoustic impulse responses. The results show the clear influence of the evaluated coherence bandwidth of each of the simulated channels over real-life acoustic samples, which leads us to the conclusion that all raw acoustic samples have to be considered as wide-band. The results also depict a dependence of accumulated energy at the receiver with the coherence bandwidth of the channel. We conclude that, the higher the delay spread of the channel, the narrower the coherence bandwidth and the higher the distortion suffered by acoustic signals. Moreover, the accumulated energy of the received signal along the frequency axis tends to differ from the accumulated energy of the transmitted signal when facing narrow coherence bandwidth channels; whereas the accumulated energy along the time axis diverges from the accumulated transmitted energy when facing wide coherence bandwidth channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Bergadà
- Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia (GTM), La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, c/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
- Wavecontrol, c/Pallars, 65-71, 08018 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rosa Ma Alsina-Pagès
- Grup de recerca en Tecnologies Mèdia (GTM), La Salle, Universitat Ramon Llull, c/Quatre Camins, 30, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
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129
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Abtahi M, Dobaradaran S, Jorfi S, Koolivand A, Khaloo SS, Spitz J, Saeedi H, Golchinpour N, Saeedi R. Age-sex specific disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to elevated levels of fluoride in drinking water: A national and subnational study in Iran, 2017. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 157:94-105. [PMID: 30953859 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
National and subnational burden of disease attributable to elevated fluoride levels in drinking water apportioned by sex, age group, province, and community type in Iran, 2017 were quantified based on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The attributable burden of disease was estimated using four input data: (1) effect size of elevated drinking water fluoride levels for dental and skeletal fluorosis, (2) population distribution of drinking water fluoride levels, (3) the threshold levels of fluoride in drinking water for contribution in dental and skeletal fluorosis, and (4) age-sex distribution of population. The attributable burden of disease was only related to dental fluorosis, because the fluoride levels were lower than the threshold value for skeletal fluorosis (4.0 mg/L) in all of the cases. The national attributable prevalence (per 100,000 people), DALYs, and DALY rate in 2017 were calculated to be 60 (95% uncertainty interval 48-69), 3443 (1034-6940), and 4.31 (1.29-8.68), respectively. The national attributable burden of disease was not significantly different by sex, but was affected by age and community type in a manner that the highest DALY rate was related to the age group 10-14 y (6.06 [1.82-12.21]) and over 66% of the national attributable DALYs occurred in rural communities. The attributable burden of disease occurred only in 10 out of 31 provinces and about 94% of the attributable DALYs were concentrated in four provinces Fars (1967 [592-3964]), Bushehr (414 [124-836]), West Azarbaijan (400 [120-808]), and Hormozgan (377 [113-761]). Implementation of fluoride-safe drinking water supply schemes in the four leading provinces can prevent most of the national health losses and partly compensate the increasing trend of disease burden from oral conditions at the national level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Abtahi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Dobaradaran
- Systems Environmental Health and Energy Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sahand Jorfi
- Environmental Technology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Koolivand
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Shokooh Sadat Khaloo
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jörg Spitz
- Akademie für Menschliche Medizin GmbH, Krauskopfallee 27, 65388, Schlangenbad, Germany
| | - Hanieh Saeedi
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Golchinpour
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Saeedi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health, Safety and Environment, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A WASN-Based Suburban Dataset for Anomalous Noise Event Detection on Dynamic Road-Traffic Noise Mapping. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19112480. [PMID: 31151261 PMCID: PMC6603744 DOI: 10.3390/s19112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Traffic noise is presently considered one of the main pollutants in urban and suburban areas. Several recent technological advances have allowed a step forward in the dynamic computation of road-traffic noise levels by means of a Wireless Acoustic Sensor Network (WASN) through the collection of measurements in real-operation environments. In the framework of the LIFE DYNAMAP project, two WASNs have been deployed in two pilot areas: one in the city of Milan, as an urban environment, and another around the city of Rome in a suburban location. For a correct evaluation of the noise level generated by road infrastructures, all Anomalous Noise Events (ANE) unrelated to regular road-traffic noise (e.g., sirens, horns, speech, etc.) should be removed before updating corresponding noise maps. This work presents the production and analysis of a real-operation environmental audio database collected through the 19-node WASN of a suburban area. A total of 156 h and 20 min of labeled audio data has been obtained differentiating among road-traffic noise and ANEs (classified in 16 subcategories). After delimiting their boundaries manually, the acoustic salience of the ANE samples is automatically computed as a contextual Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) together with its impact on the A-weighted equivalent level (ΔLAeq). The analysis of the real-operation WASN-based environmental database is evaluated with these metrics, and we conclude that the 19 locations of the network present substantial differences in the occurrences of the subcategories of ANE, with a clear predominance of the noise of sirens, trains, and thunder.
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131
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Life cycle assessment as decision support tool for environmental management in hospitals: A literature review. Health Care Manage Rev 2019; 46:12-24. [PMID: 31116121 DOI: 10.1097/hmr.0000000000000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an environmental accounting tool aimed at determining environmental impacts of products, processes, or organizational activities over the entire life cycle. Although this technique already provides decision-makers in other sectors with valuable information, its application in the health care setting has not yet been examined. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific research on the application of LCA in hospitals and its contribution to management decision-making. METHOD We perform a systematic literature review by searching a range of databases with synonyms of "LCA" in combination with the term "hospital" in order to identify peer-reviewed studies. The final sample of 43 studies were then subjected to a content analysis. RESULTS We categorize existing research and show that single and multi-indicator LCA approaches are used to examine several products and processes in hospitals. The various approaches are favored by different scientific communities. Whereas researchers from environmental sciences perform complex multi-indicator LCA studies, researchers from health care sciences focus on footprints. The studies compare alternatives and identify environmental impacts and harmful hotspots. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS LCA results can support health care managers' traditional decision-making by providing environmental information. With this additional information regarding the environmental impacts of products and processes, managers can implement organizational changes to improve their environmental performance. Furthermore, they can influence upstream and downstream activities. However, we recommend more transdisciplinary cooperation for LCA studies and to place more focus on actionable recommendations when publishing the results.
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Siponen T, Yli‐Tuomi T, Tiittanen P, Taimisto P, Pekkanen J, Salonen RO, Lanki T. Wood stove use and other determinants of personal and indoor exposures to particulate air pollution and ozone among elderly persons in a Northern Suburb. INDOOR AIR 2019; 29:413-422. [PMID: 30790356 PMCID: PMC6850052 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A six-month winter-spring study was conducted in a suburb of the northern European city of Kuopio, Finland, to identify and quantify factors determining daily personal exposure and home indoor levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5 , diameter <2.5 µm) and its light absorption coefficient (PM2.5abs ), a proxy for combustion-derived black carbon. Moreover, determinants of home indoor ozone (O3 ) concentration were examined. Local central site outdoor, home indoor, and personal daily levels of pollutants were monitored in this suburb among 37 elderly residents. Outdoor concentrations of the pollutants were significant determinants of their levels in home indoor air and personal exposures. Natural ventilation in the detached and row houses increased personal exposure to PM2.5 , but not to PM2.5abs , when compared with mechanical ventilation. Only cooking out of the recorded household activities increased indoor PM2.5 . The use of a wood stove room heater or wood-fired sauna stove was associated with elevated concentrations of personal PM2.5 and PM2.5abs , and indoor PM2.5abs . Candle burning increased daily indoor and personal PM2.5abs , and it was also a determinant of indoor ozone level. In conclusion, relatively short-lasting wood and candle burning of a few hours increased residents' daily exposure to potentially hazardous, combustion-derived carbonaceous particulate matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taina Siponen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
| | - Tarja Yli‐Tuomi
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
| | - Pekka Tiittanen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
| | - Pekka Taimisto
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
| | - Juha Pekkanen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
- Department of Public HealthUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Raimo O. Salonen
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
| | - Timo Lanki
- Environmental Health Unit, Department of Health SecurityNational Institute for Health and WelfareKuopioFinland
- School of MedicineUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
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133
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Rojas-Rueda D, Vrijheid M, Robinson O, Gunn Marit A, Gražulevičienė R, Slama R, Nieuwenhuijsen M. Environmental Burden of Childhood Disease in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1084. [PMID: 30917598 PMCID: PMC6466397 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Environmental factors determine children's health. Quantifying the health impacts related to environmental hazards for children is essential to prioritize interventions to improve health in Europe. Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of childhood disease due to environmental risks across the European Union. Methods: We conducted an environmental burden of childhood disease assessment in the 28 countries of the EU (EU28) for seven environmental risk factors (particulate matter less than 10 micrometer of diameter (PM10) and less than 2.5 micrometer of diameter (PM2.5), ozone, secondhand smoke, dampness, lead, and formaldehyde). The primary outcome was disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), assessed from exposure data provided by the World Health Organization, Global Burden of Disease project, scientific literature, and epidemiological risk estimates. Results: The seven studied environmental risk factors for children in the EU28 were responsible for around 211,000 DALYs annually. Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) was the main environmental risk factor, producing 59% of total DALYs (125,000 DALYs), followed by secondhand smoke with 20% of all DALYs (42,500 DALYs), ozone 11% (24,000 DALYs), dampness 6% (13,000 DALYs), lead 3% (6200 DALYs), and formaldehyde 0.2% (423 DALYs). Conclusions: Environmental exposures included in this study were estimated to produce 211,000 DALYs each year in children in the EU28, representing 2.6% of all DALYs in children. Among the included environmental risk factors, air pollution (particulate matter and ozone) was estimated to produce the highest burden of disease in children in Europe, half of which was due to the effects of PM10 on infant mortality. Effective policies to reduce environmental pollutants across Europe are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rojas-Rueda
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Oliver Robinson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Aasvang Gunn Marit
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Division for Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0213 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Regina Gražulevičienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytauto Didžiojo Universitetas, 44248 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Remy Slama
- Department of Prevention and Therapy of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Inserm-CNRS-University Grenoble-Alpes, 38700 Grenoble, France.
| | - Mark Nieuwenhuijsen
- Barcelona Institute of Global Health (ISGlobal), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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134
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Malmqvist E, Oudin A, Pascal M, Medina S. Choices Behind Numbers: a Review of the Major Air Pollution Health Impact Assessments in Europe. Curr Environ Health Rep 2019; 5:34-43. [PMID: 29404862 PMCID: PMC5876343 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-018-0175-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review The aim of this review is to identify the key contextual and methodological differences in health impact assessments (HIA) of ambient air pollution performed for Europe. We limited our review to multi-country reviews. An additional aim is to quantify some of these differences by applying them in a HIA template in three European cities. Recent Findings Several HIAs of ambient air pollution have been performed for Europe, and their key results have been largely disseminated. Different studies have, however, come up with substantial differences in attributed health effects. It is of importance to review the background contributing to these differences and to quantify their importance for decision makers who will use them. Summary We identified several methodological differences that could explain the discrepancy behind the number of attributable deaths or years of life lost. The main differences are due to the exposure-response functions chosen, the ways of assessing air pollution levels, the air pollution scenarios and the study population. In the quantification part, we found that using risk estimates from the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) instead of the American Cancer Society (ACS) study could nearly double the attributable burden of ambient air pollution. This study provides some insights into the differential results in previously published HIAs on air pollution in Europe. These results are important for stakeholders in order to make informed decisions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s40572-018-0175-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Malmqvist
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden.
| | - A Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - M Pascal
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France
| | - S Medina
- Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Saint Maurice, France
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135
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Halonen JI. Transportation noise and cardiovascular health: role of multiple noise sources. Occup Environ Med 2019; 76:199-200. [PMID: 30872382 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2018-105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaana I Halonen
- Work ability and working careers, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Helsingin Yliopisto, Helsinki, Finland
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136
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Jones SJ. If electric cars are the answer, what was the question? Br Med Bull 2019; 129:13-23. [PMID: 30615073 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Roads facilitate trade, development and communication, as well as spread illness and disease, but since mass car use began, the disbenefits, including injuries, pollution and physical inactivity have been significantly magnified. Electric cars are now being seen by many as the solution to the problems associated with internal combustion engine cars. SOURCES OF DATA This article reviews existing literature to determine the extent to which a switch to electrification can solve many of the problems that cars have wrought. AREAS OF AGREEMENT It concludes that there may be some benefits in rural areas, where public transport is poor. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY However, it also argues that even in rural areas it may be better to invest in public transport for many, rather than electric car infrastructure for some. It is clear that even for air quality, where electric cars are suggested to offer benefits these are unlikely to be as great as has been suggested. Overall, the negative health consequences of electric cars seem likely to be at least those of internal combustion engine cars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Jones
- Public Health Wales, Capital Quarter 2, Tyndall Street, Cardiff, UK
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137
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Characterization of Human Health Risks from Particulate Air Pollution in Selected European Cities. ATMOSPHERE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos10020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to estimate health risk indexes caused by the inhalation of particulate matter (PM) by adult males and children using data sampled in three European cities (Athens, Kuopio, Lisbon). Accordingly, the cancer risk (CR) and the hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated from particle-bound metal concentrations whilst the epidemiology-based excess risk (ER), the attributable fraction (AF), and the mortality cases were obtained due to exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. CR and HQ were estimated using two methodologies: the first methodology incorporated the particle-bound metal concentrations (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb) whereas the second methodology used the deposited dose rate of particle-bound metals in the respiratory tract. The indoor concentration accounts for 70% infiltration from outdoor air for the time activity periods allocated to indoor environments. HQ was lower than 1 and the cumulative CR was lower than the acceptable level (10−4), although individual CR for some metals exceeded the acceptable limit (10−6). In a lifetime the estimated number of attributable cancer cases was 74, 0.107, and 217 in Athens, Kuopio, and Lisbon, respectively. Excess risk-based mortality estimates (due to outdoor pollution) for fine particles were 3930, 44.1, and 2820 attributable deaths in Athens, Kuopio, and Lisbon, respectively.
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Health Benefits of Physical Activity Related to an Urban Riverside Regeneration. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16030462. [PMID: 30764538 PMCID: PMC6388232 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of physical activity through better urban design is one pathway by which health and well-being improvements can be achieved. This study aimed to quantify health and health-related economic impacts associated with physical activity in an urban riverside park regeneration project in Barcelona, Spain. We used data from Barcelona local authorities and meta-analysis assessing physical activity and health outcomes to develop and apply the “Blue Active Tool”. We estimated park user health impacts in terms of all-cause mortality, morbidity (ischemic heart disease; ischemic stroke; type 2 diabetes; cancers of the colon and breast; and dementia), disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and health-related economic impacts. We estimated that 5753 adult users visited the riverside park daily and performed different types of physical activity (walking for leisure or to/from work, cycling, and running). Related to the physical activity conducted on the riverside park, we estimated an annual reduction of 7.3 deaths (95% CI: 5.4; 10.2), and 6.2 cases of diseases (95% CI: 2.0; 11.6). This corresponds to 11.9 DALYs (95% CI: 3.4; 20.5) and an annual health-economic impact of 23.4 million euros (95% CI: 17.2 million; 32.8 million). The urban regeneration intervention of this riverside park provides health and health-related economic benefits to the population using the infrastructure.
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139
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Unequal residential exposure to air pollution and noise: A geospatial environmental justice analysis for Ghent, Belgium. SSM Popul Health 2018; 7:100340. [PMID: 30623014 PMCID: PMC6304432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Following the growing empirical evidence on the health effects of air pollution and noise, the fair distribution of these impacts receives increasing attention. The existing environmental inequality studies often focus on a single environmental impact, apply a limited range of covariates or do not correct for spatial autocorrelation. This article presents a geospatial data analysis on Ghent (Belgium), combining residential exposure to air pollution and noise with socioeconomic variables and housing variables. The global results show that neighborhoods with lower household incomes, more unemployment, more people of foreign origin, more rental houses, and higher residential mobility, are more exposed to air pollution, but not to noise. Multiple regression models to explain exposure to air pollution show that residential mobility and percentage of rental houses are the strongest predictors, stressing the role of the housing market in explaining which people are most at risk. Applying spatial regression models leads to better models but reduces the importance of all covariates, leaving income and residential mobility as the only significant predictors for air pollution exposure. While traditional multiple regression models were not significant for explaining noise exposure, spatial regression models were, and also indicate the significant contribution of income to the model. This means income is a robust predictor for both air pollution and noise exposure across the whole urban territory. The results provide a good starting point for discussions about environmental justice and the need for policy action. The study also underlines the importance of taking spatial autocorrelation into account when analyzing environmental inequality. We found socioeconomic inequalities in exposure to air pollution and noise. Median household income was the most significant predictor overall. Residential mobility was an important predictor for air pollution exposure. Spatial autocorrelation distorts traditional multiple regression results. The results contribute to environmental justice debates.
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140
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Thiesse L, Rudzik F, Spiegel K, Leproult R, Pieren R, Wunderli JM, Foraster M, Héritier H, Eze IC, Meyer M, Vienneau D, Brink M, Probst-Hensch N, Röösli M, Cajochen C. Adverse impact of nocturnal transportation noise on glucose regulation in healthy young adults: Effect of different noise scenarios. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:1011-1023. [PMID: 30408889 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence indicates an association between transportation noise exposure and a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Sleep disturbances are thought to be one of the mechanisms as it is well established that a few nights of short or poor sleep impair glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy good sleepers. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to determine the extent to which exposure to nocturnal transportation noise affects glucose metabolism, and whether it is related to noise-induced sleep alterations. METHODS Twenty-one young healthy volunteers (nine women) participated in a six-day laboratory study starting with a noise-free baseline night, then four nights sleeping with randomly-presented transportation noise scenarios (three road and one railway noise scenario) with identical average sound level of 45dB but differing in eventfulness and ending with a noise-free recovery night. Sleep was measured by polysomnography. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were measured after the baseline, the last noise night and the recovery nights with an oral glucose tolerance test using Matsuda and Stumvoll insulin sensitivity indexes. Eleven participants were assigned a less eventful noise scenario during the last noise night (LE-group), while the other ten had a more eventful noise scenario (ME-group). Baseline metabolic and sleep variables between the two intervention groups were compared using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test while mixed models were used for repeated measure analysis. RESULTS All participants had increased glucoseAUC (mean±SE, 14±2%, p<0.0001) and insulinAUC (55±10%, p<0.0001) after the last noise night compared to the baseline night. 2h-glucose level tended to increase only in the ME-group between baseline (5.1±0.22mmol·L-1) and the last noise night (6.1±0.39mmol·L-1, condition: p=0.001, interaction: p=0.08). Insulin sensitivity assessed with Matsuda and Stumvoll indexes respectively decreased by 7±8% (p=0.001) and 9±2% (p<0.0001) after four nights with transportation noise. Only participants in the LE-group showed beneficial effects of the noise-free recovery night on glucose regulation (relative change to baseline: glucoseAUC: 1±2%, p=1.0 for LE-group and 18±4%, p<0.0001 for ME-group; Stumvoll index: 3.2±2.6%, p=1.0 for LE-group and 11±2.5%, p=0.002 for ME-group). Sleep was mildly impaired with increased sleep latency of 8±2min (<0.0001) and more cortical arousals per hour of sleep (1.8±0.6arousals/h, p=0.01) during the last noise night compared to baseline. No significant associations between sleep measures and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were found. CONCLUSION In line with epidemiological findings, sleeping four nights with transportation noise impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Based on the presented sound exposure, the eventfulness of the noise scenarios seems to play an important role for noise-induced alterations in glucose regulation. However, we could not confirm our hypothesis that transportation noise impairs glucose regulation via deterioration in sleep quality and quantity. Therefore, other factors, such as stress-related pathways, may need to be considered as potential triggers for noise-evoked glucose intolerance in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Thiesse
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Rudzik
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karine Spiegel
- WAKING Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL) - INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | | | - Reto Pieren
- Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/ Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jean Marc Wunderli
- Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/ Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria Foraster
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Harris Héritier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ikenna C Eze
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Meyer
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Brink
- Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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141
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Foraster M, Eze IC, Vienneau D, Schaffner E, Jeong A, Héritier H, Rudzik F, Thiesse L, Pieren R, Brink M, Cajochen C, Wunderli JM, Röösli M, Probst-Hensch N. Long-term exposure to transportation noise and its association with adiposity markers and development of obesity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:879-889. [PMID: 30347370 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of different transportation noise sources to metabolic disorders such as obesity remains understudied. We evaluated the associations of long-term exposure to road, railway and aircraft noise with measures of obesity and its subphenotypes using cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. We assessed 3796 participants from the population-based Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases (SAPALDIA), who attended the visits in 2001 (SAP2) and 2010/2011 (SAP3) and who were aged 29-72 at SAP2. At SAP2 we measured body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). At SAP3 we measured BMI, waist circumference (centimetres) and Kyle body Fat Index (%) and derived overweight, central and general obesity. Longitudinally for BMI, we derived change in BMI, incidence of overweight and obesity and a 3-category outcome combining the latter two. We assigned source-specific 5-year mean noise levels before visits and during follow-up at the most exposed dwelling façade (Lden, dB), using Swiss noise models for 2001 and 2011 and participants' residential history. Models were adjusted for relevant confounders, including traffic-related air pollution. Exposure to road traffic noise was significantly associated with all adiposity subphenotypes, cross-sectionally (at SAP3) [e.g. beta (95% CI) per 10 dB, BMI: 0.39 (0.18; 0.59); waist circumference: 0.93 (0.37; 1.50)], and with increased risk of obesity, longitudinally (e.g. RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04; 1.51, per 10 dB in 5-year mean). Railway noise was significantly related to increased risk of overweight. In cross-sectional analyses, we further identified a stronger association between road traffic noise and BMI among participants with cardiovascular disease and an association between railway noise and BMI among participants reporting bad sleep. Associations were independent of the other noise sources, air pollution and robust to all adjustment sets. No associations were observed for aircraft noise. Long-term exposure to transportation noise, particularly road traffic noise, may increase the risk of obesity and could constitute a pathway towards cardiometabolic and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Foraster
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEREsp), Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ikenna C Eze
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Schaffner
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayoung Jeong
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harris Héritier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Rudzik
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Thiesse
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Reto Pieren
- Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mark Brink
- Federal Office for the Environment, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Cajochen
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Wunderli
- Empa, Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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142
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Recio A, Linares C, Díaz J. System dynamics for predicting the impact of traffic noise on cardiovascular mortality in Madrid. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:499-505. [PMID: 30142625 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of road traffic noise on health is an important issue worldwide. In Madrid (Spain), the existing high daily noise levels all year round have been associated with short-term cardiovascular mortality. A system dynamics model is constructed to estimate the evolution of the traffic noise impact on the population older than 65 in Madrid over the upcoming years. This strategy allows to make predictions based on yearly variations in traffic intensity, population at risk, motor vehicle-related technological advances and lifestyles, and urban planning policies. Madrid harbours a persisting noise epidemic since 1980, which would be eradicated in 2040 at the earliest if significant action for noise abatement were taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Recio
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Tréboles 2, Alpedrete, 28430 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cristina Linares
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Díaz
- National School of Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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143
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Kim SH, Koh SB, Lee CM, Kim C, Kang DR. Indoor Radon and Lung Cancer: Estimation of Attributable Risk, Disease Burden, and Effects of Mitigation. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:1123-1130. [PMID: 30328328 PMCID: PMC6192894 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.9.1123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to indoor radon is associated with lung cancer. This study aimed to estimate the number of lung cancer deaths attributable to indoor radon exposure, its burden of disease, and the effects of radon mitigation in Korea in 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lung cancer deaths due to indoor radon exposure were estimated using exposure-response relations reported in previous studies. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated to quantify disease burden in relation to premature deaths. Mitigation effects were examined under scenarios in which all homes with indoor radon concentrations above a specified level were remediated below the level. RESULTS The estimated number of lung cancer deaths attributable to indoor radon exposure ranged from 1946 to 3863, accounting for 12.5-24.7% of 15623 total lung cancer deaths in 2010. YLLs due to premature deaths were estimated at 43140-101855 years (90-212 years per 100000 population). If all homes with radon levels above 148 Bq/m³ are effectively remediated, 502-732 lung cancer deaths and 10972-18479 YLLs could be prevented. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that indoor radon exposure contributes considerably to lung cancer, and that reducing indoor radon concentration would be helpful for decreasing the disease burden from lung cancer deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Heon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Baek Koh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changsoo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Kang
- Center of Biomedical Data Science/Institute of Genomic Cohort, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea.
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144
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Zare Sakhvidi MJ, Zare Sakhvidi F, Mehrparvar AH, Foraster M, Dadvand P. Association between noise exposure and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:647-657. [PMID: 30006240 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes is on rise worldwide and environmental factors are being increasingly recognized to be involved in this rise. An emerging body of evidence has evaluated the impact of long-term exposure to noise on diabetes mellitus, highlighting the need to synthesize this evidence. OBJECTIVES To systematically review and conduct meta-analysis of the available evidence on the association between long-term exposure to transport and occupational noise exposure and diabetes mellitus. METHODS Selected databases were searched for available evidence published till September 13th, 2017 following MOOSE guidelines. The quality of articles was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random effects meta-analysis was applied to abstract combined estimates for diabetes mellitus per 5 dB increase in noise exposure. We evaluated the heterogeneity applying Cochran's Q test and quantified it using I2 statistic. Meta-regressions were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plot and Egger's test. RESULTS Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria of which nine including five prospective cohorts, two cross-sectional and two case-control studies with a total number of 444460 adult participants and 17430 diabetes mellitus cases included in meta-analyses. We observed a 6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3%, 9%) increase in the risk of diabetes mellitus per 5 dB increase in noise exposure regardless of its source. Source-specific analyses were suggestive for stronger associations for air traffic noise (combined odds ratio: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29 per 5 dB increase in exposure) flowed by road traffic noise (combined odds ratio: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.12). We observed some indications of publication bias; however the findings were robust after trim and fill test. Meta-regression analyses showed that the adjustment in general, and not specifically related to air pollution, could predict the between-study heterogeneity in reported associations. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate an increased risk of diabetes mellitus associated with noise exposure, mainly related to air and road traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Zare Sakhvidi
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fariba Zare Sakhvidi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Houshang Mehrparvar
- Industrial Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maria Foraster
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Payam Dadvand
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain; Ciber on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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145
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Bastos J, Marques P, Batterman SA, Freire F. Environmental impacts of commuting modes in Lisbon: a life-cycle assessment addressing particulate matter impacts on health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION 2018; 13:652-663. [PMID: 31588202 PMCID: PMC6777580 DOI: 10.1080/15568318.2018.1501519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A life-cycle assessment of commuting alternatives is conducted that compares six transportation modes (car, bus, train, subway, motorcycle and bicycle) for eight impact indicators. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions and health impacts are incorporated in the assessment using intake fractions that differentiate between urban and non-urban emissions, combined with an effect factor. The potential benefits of different strategies for reducing environmental impacts are illustrated. The results demonstrate the need for comprehensive approaches that avoid problem-shifting among transportation-related strategies. Policies aiming to improve the environmental performance of urban transportation should target strategies that decrease local emissions, life-cycle impacts and health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bastos
- ADAI-LAETA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II Campus, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Marques
- ADAI-LAETA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II Campus, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Stuart A. Batterman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
| | - Fausto Freire
- ADAI-LAETA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Pólo II Campus, Rua Luís Reis Santos, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
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146
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Borghi F, Spinazzè A, Campagnolo D, Rovelli S, Cattaneo A, Cavallo DM. Precision and Accuracy of a Direct-Reading Miniaturized Monitor in PM 2.5 Exposure Assessment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 18:E3089. [PMID: 30217099 PMCID: PMC6164905 DOI: 10.3390/s18093089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision, accuracy, practicality, and potential uses of a PM2.5 miniaturized monitor (MM) in exposure assessment. These monitors (AirBeam, HabitatMap) were compared with the widely used direct-reading particulate matter monitors and a gravimetric reference method for PM2.5. Instruments were tested during 20 monitoring sessions that were subdivided in two different seasons to evaluate the performance of sensors across various environmental and meteorological conditions. Measurements were performed at an urban background site in Como, Italy. To evaluate the performance of the instruments, different analyses were conducted on 8-h averaged PM2.5 concentrations for comparison between direct-reading monitors and the gravimetric method, and minute-averaged data for comparison between the direct-reading instruments. A linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate whether the two measurement methods, when compared, could be considered comparable and/or mutually predictive. Further, Bland-Altman plots were used to determine whether the methods were characterized by specific biases. Finally, the correlations between the error associated with the direct-reading instruments and the meteorological parameters acquired at the sampling point were investigated. Principal results show a moderate degree of agreement between MMs and the reference method and a bias that increased with an increase in PM2.5 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borghi
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
- Department of Statistics, Informatics and Applications "G. Parenti", Università degli Studi di Firenze, viale Morgagni 59, 50134 Firenze, Italy.
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
| | - Domenico M Cavallo
- Department of Science and High Technology, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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147
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Argacha JF, Mizukami T, Bourdrel T, Bind MA. Ecology of the cardiovascular system: Part II - A focus on non-air related pollutants. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018; 29:274-282. [PMID: 30224235 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An integrated exposomic view of the relation between environment and cardiovascular health should consider the effects of both air and non-air related environmental stressors. Cardiovascular impacts of ambient air temperature, indoor and outdoor air pollution were recently reviewed. We aim, in this second part, to address the cardiovascular effects of noise, food pollutants, radiation, and some other emerging environmental factors. Road traffic noise exposure is associated with increased risk of premature arteriosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Numerous studies report an increased prevalence of hypertension in people exposed to noise, especially while sleeping. Sleep disturbances generated by nocturnal noise are followed by a neuroendocrine stress response. Some oxidative and inflammatory endothelial reactions are observed during experimental session of noise exposure. Moreover, throughout the alimentation, the cardiovascular system is exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as dioxins or pesticides, and plastic associated chemicals (PACs), such as bisphenol A. Epidemiological studies show positive associations of exposures to POPs and PACs with diabetes, arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular disease incidence. POPs and PACS share some abilities to interact with nuclear receptors activating different pathways leading to oxidative stress, insulin resistance and angiotensin potentiation. Regarding radiation, survivors of nuclear explosion have an excess risk of cardiovascular disease. Dose-effect relationships remain debated, but an increased cardiovascular risk at low dose of radiation exposure may be of concern. Some emerging environmental factors like electromagnetic fields, greenspace and light exposure may also require further attention. Non-air related environmental stressors also play an important role in the burden of cardiovascular disease. Specific methodologies should be developed to assess the interactions between air and non-air related pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Argacha
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium.
| | - T Mizukami
- Cardiology Department, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, VUB, Belgium
| | - T Bourdrel
- Radiology Department, Imaging Medical Center Etoile-Neudorf, Strasbourg, France
| | - M-A Bind
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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148
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Khan J, Ketzel M, Kakosimos K, Sørensen M, Jensen SS. Road traffic air and noise pollution exposure assessment - A review of tools and techniques. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:661-676. [PMID: 29642048 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic induces air and noise pollution in urban environments having negative impacts on human health. Thus, estimating exposure to road traffic air and noise pollution (hereafter, air and noise pollution) is important in order to improve the understanding of human health outcomes in epidemiological studies. The aims of this review are (i) to summarize current practices of modelling and exposure assessment techniques for road traffic air and noise pollution (ii) to highlight the potential of existing tools and techniques for their combined exposure assessment for air and noise together with associated challenges, research gaps and priorities. The study reviews literature about air and noise pollution from urban road traffic, including other relevant characteristics such as the employed dispersion models, Geographic Information System (GIS)-based tool, spatial scale of exposure assessment, study location, sample size, type of traffic data and building geometry information. Deterministic modelling is the most frequently used assessment technique for both air and noise pollution of short-term and long-term exposure. We observed a larger variety among air pollution models as compared to the applied noise models. Correlations between air and noise pollution vary significantly (0.05-0.74) and are affected by several parameters such as traffic attributes, building attributes and meteorology etc. Buildings act as screens for the dispersion of pollution, but the reduction effect is much larger for noise than for air pollution. While, meteorology has a greater influence on air pollution levels as compared to noise, although also important for noise pollution. There is a significant potential for developing a standard tool to assess combined exposure of traffic related air and noise pollution to facilitate health related studies. GIS, due to its geographic nature, is well established and has a significant capability to simultaneously address both exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar (TAMUQ), Doha, Qatar
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Sørensen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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149
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Cantuaria ML, Usemann J, Proietti E, Blanes-Vidal V, Dick B, Flück CE, Rüedi S, Héritier H, Wunderli JM, Latzin P, Frey U, Röösli M, Vienneau D. Glucocorticoid metabolites in newborns: A marker for traffic noise related stress? ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 117:319-326. [PMID: 29778832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic noise has been associated with an increased risk for several non-auditory health effects, which may be explained by a noise-induced release of stress hormones (e.g. glucocorticoids). Although several studies in children and adults have indicated an increased secretion of glucocorticoids after exposure to noise, information regarding newborns is scarce. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between residential exposure to road traffic noise and postnatal stress response, as assessed by the concentration of glucocorticoids at five weeks of age. METHODS Residential noise exposure was estimated for each infant based on spatially detailed modeled data. Adjusted multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between noise exposure and the concentration of nine glucocorticoid metabolites measured in urine of 165 infants from a prospective birth cohort in Bern, Switzerland. Noise exposure (Lden, dB) was categorized into tertiles: low (reference), medium and high. RESULTS Indications of a positive association were found between high road traffic noise and cortisol (% change relative to the reference: 12.1% [95% confidence interval: -10.3, 40.1%]) and cortisone (22.6% [-1.8, 53.0%]), but just the latter was borderline significant. Borderline significant associations were also found between downstream metabolites and higher road traffic noise levels; associations were found to be both positive (i.e. for β-cortolone (51.5% [-0.9, 131.5%])) and negative (i.e. for α-cortolone (-18.3% [-33.6, 0.6%]) and tetrahydrocortisol (-23.7% [-42.8, 1.9%])). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential association between exposure to higher road traffic noise levels and changes in glucocorticoid metabolism in early postnatal life. A possible physiological relevance and associations with short- and long-term adverse health effects in a larger study population need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuella Lech Cantuaria
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob Usemann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Switzerland; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Elena Proietti
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Switzerland; Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Victoria Blanes-Vidal
- The Maersk Mc-Kinney Moller Institute, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bernhard Dick
- Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christa E Flück
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, Bern University Children's Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Rüedi
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harris Héritier
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Philipp Latzin
- Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Urs Frey
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Danielle Vienneau
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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150
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Zhang T, Chillrud SN, Pitiranggon M, Ross J, Ji J, Yan B. Development of an approach to correcting MicroPEM baseline drift. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:39-44. [PMID: 29476946 PMCID: PMC5911226 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with various adverse health outcomes. The MicroPEM (RTI, NC), a miniaturized real-time portable particulate sensor with an integrated filter for collecting particles, has been widely used for personal PM2.5 exposure assessment. Five-day deployments were targeted on a total of 142 deployments (personal or residential) to obtain real-time PM2.5 levels from children living in New York City and Baltimore. Among these 142 deployments, 79 applied high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters in the field at the beginning and end of each deployment to adjust the zero level of the nephelometer. However, unacceptable baseline drift was observed in a large fraction (> 40%) of acquisitions in this study even after HEPA correction. This drift issue has been observed in several other studies as well. The purpose of the present study is to develop an algorithm to correct the baseline drift in MicroPEM based on central site ambient data during inactive time periods. METHOD A running baseline & gravimetric correction (RBGC) method was developed based on the comparison of MicroPEM readings during inactive periods to ambient PM2.5 levels provided by fixed monitoring sites and the gravimetric weight of PM2.5 collected on the MicroPEM filters. The results after RBGC correction were compared with those using HEPA approach and gravimetric correction alone. Seven pairs of duplicate acquisitions were used to validate the RBGC method. RESULTS The percentages of acquisitions with baseline drift problems were 42%, 53% and 10% for raw, HEPA corrected, and RBGC corrected data, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis of duplicates showed an increase in the coefficient of determination from 0.75 for raw data to 0.97 after RBGC correction. In addition, the slope of the regression line increased from 0.60 for raw data to 1.00 after RBGC correction. CONCLUSIONS The RBGC approach corrected the baseline drift issue associated with MicroPEM data. The algorithm developed has the potential for use with data generated from other types of PM sensors that contain a filter for weighing as well. In addition, this approach can be applied in many other regions, given widely available ambient PM data from monitoring networks, especially in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 16 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Steven N Chillrud
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 16 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Masha Pitiranggon
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 16 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - James Ross
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 16 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Ave, Qixia, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 16 Rt. 9W, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
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