101
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Ko CY, Lin RH, Lo YM, Chang WC, Huang DW, Wu JSB, Chang YF, Huang WC, Shen SC. Effect of Ruellia tuberosa L. on aorta endothelial damage-associated factors in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3742-3750. [PMID: 31763023 PMCID: PMC6848814 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia plays crucial roles in vascular disease development, including macrovascular and microvascular diseases from diabetes mellitus (DM). Our previous study demonstrated that Ruellia tuberosa L. (RTL) aqueous and ethanol extracts alleviate hyperglycemia and inhibit insulin resistance in diabetic rats. This study investigated the protective effect of RTL ethanol extract against aorta dysfunction in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 DM (T2DM) rats. Results showed that RTL ethanol extract (100 and 400 mg/kg BW/day) ameliorated serum lipid profiles, including triglyceride, free fatty acid, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. It also significantly reduced the level of serum cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in T2DM rats. Additionally, RTL extract decreased endothelin-1 and endothelial nitric oxide contents, reduced the level of cell adhesion factors, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cell adhesion factor vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, while decreasing content of damage factors, namely tissue factor and von Willebrand factor in aortic tissues of diabetic rats. Equally noteworthy is that RTL extract enhanced the activity of aorta antioxidative enzymes, including superoxidase dismutase and catalase in diabetic rats, suggesting that RTL ethanol extract may ameliorate aorta dysfunction via enhancing aortic antioxidative enzyme activity, which subsequently suppresses aorta endothelial damage-associated factors in HFD with STZ-induced T2DM rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yuan Ko
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou China
- Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province Quanzhou China
- The Sleep Medicine Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities Quanzhou China
| | - Ru-Hai Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University Quanzhou China
| | | | - Wen-Chang Chang
- Department of Food Science National Chiayi University Chiayi City Taiwan
| | - Da-Wei Huang
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology Tainan City Taiwan
| | - James Swi-Bea Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
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102
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Olver TD, Grunewald ZI, Ghiarone T, Restaino RM, Sales ARK, Park LK, Thorne PK, Ganga RR, Emter CA, Lemon PWR, Shoemaker JK, Manrique-Acevedo C, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Persistent insulin signaling coupled with restricted PI3K activation causes insulin-induced vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1166-H1172. [PMID: 31603345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00464.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin modulates vasomotor tone through vasodilator and vasoconstrictor signaling pathways. The purpose of the present work was to determine whether insulin-stimulated vasoconstriction is a pathophysiological phenomenon that can result from a combination of persistent insulin signaling, suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) activation, and an ensuing relative increase in MAPK/endothelin-1 (ET-1) activity. First, we examined previously published work from our group where we assessed changes in lower-limb blood flow in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (endogenous insulin stimulation) in lean and obese subjects. The new analyses showed that the peak rise in vascular resistance during the postprandial state was greater in obese compared with lean subjects. We next extended on these findings by demonstrating that insulin-induced vasoconstriction in isolated resistance arteries from obese subjects was attenuated with ET-1 receptor antagonism, thus implicating ET-1 signaling in this constriction response. Last, we examined in isolated resistance arteries from pigs the dual roles of persistent insulin signaling and blunted PI3K activation in modulating vasomotor responses to insulin. We found that prolonged insulin stimulation did not alter vasomotor responses to insulin when insulin-signaling pathways remained unrestricted. However, prolonged insulinization along with pharmacological suppression of PI3K activity resulted in insulin-induced vasoconstriction, rather than vasodilation. Notably, such aberrant vascular response was rescued with either MAPK inhibition or ET-1 receptor antagonism. In summary, we demonstrate that insulin-induced vasoconstriction is a pathophysiological phenomenon that can be recapitulated when sustained insulin signaling is coupled with depressed PI3K activation and the concomitant relative increase in MAPK/ET-1 activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reveals that insulin-induced vasoconstriction is a pathophysiological phenomenon. We also provide evidence that in the setting of persistent insulin signaling, impaired phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activation appears to be a requisite feature precipitating MAPK/endothelin 1-dependent insulin-induced vasoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert M Restaino
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Health and Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York
| | - Allan R K Sales
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lauren K Park
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Pamela K Thorne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rama Rao Ganga
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Peter W R Lemon
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Kevin Shoemaker
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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103
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Yang Y, Zeng C, Lu X, Song Y, Nie J, Ran R, Zhang Z, He C, Zhang W, Liu SM. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosines in Circulating Cell-Free DNA Reveal Vascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes. Clin Chem 2019; 65:1414-1425. [PMID: 31575611 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2019.305508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), such as macrovascular and microvascular events, are the major causes for T2D-related disability and mortality. A clinically convenient, noninvasive approach for monitoring the development of these complications would improve the overall life quality of patients with T2D and help reduce healthcare burden through preventive interventions. METHODS A selective chemical labeling strategy for 5-hydroxymethylcytosines (5hmC-Seal) was used to profile genome-wide 5hmCs, an emerging class of epigenetic markers implicated in complex diseases including diabetes, in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from a collection of Chinese patients (n = 62). Differentially modified 5hmC markers between patients with T2D with and without macrovascular/microvascular complications were analyzed under a case-control design. RESULTS Statistically significant changes in 5hmC markers were associated with T2D-related macrovascular/microvascular complications, involving genes and pathways relevant to vascular biology and diabetes, including insulin resistance and inflammation. A 16-gene 5hmC marker panel accurately distinguished patients with vascular complications from those without [testing set: area under the curve (AUC) = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96], outperforming conventional clinical variables such as urinary albumin. In addition, a separate 13-gene 5hmC marker panel could distinguish patients with single complications from those with multiple complications (testing set: AUC = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68-0.99), showing superiority over conventional clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS The 5hmC markers in cfDNA reflected the epigenetic changes in patients with T2D who developed macrovascular/microvascular complications. The 5hmC-Seal assay has the potential to be a clinically convenient, noninvasive approach that can be applied in the clinic to monitor the presence and severity of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Shanghai Epican Genetech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Song
- Shanghai Epican Genetech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Nie
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ruoxi Ran
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics; and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;
| | - Song-Mei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Center for Gene Diagnosis, and Program of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China;
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104
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Homozygous receptors for insulin and not IGF-1 accelerate intimal hyperplasia in insulin resistance and diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4427. [PMID: 31562314 PMCID: PMC6765023 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and IGF-1 actions in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are associated with accelerated arterial intima hyperplasia and restenosis after angioplasty, especially in diabetes. To distinguish their relative roles, we delete insulin receptor (SMIRKO) or IGF-1 receptor (SMIGF1RKO) in VSMC and in mice. Here we report that intima hyperplasia is attenuated in SMIRKO mice, but not in SMIGF1RKO mice. In VSMC, deleting IGF1R increases homodimers of IR, enhances insulin binding, stimulates p-Akt and proliferation, but deleting IR decreases responses to insulin and IGF-1. Studies using chimeras of IR(extracellular domain)/IGF1R(intracellular-domain) or IGF1R(extracellular domain)/IR(intracellular-domain) demonstrate homodimer IRα enhances insulin binding and signaling which is inhibited by IGF1Rα. RNA-seq identifies hyaluronan synthase2 as a target of homo-IR, with its expression increases by IR activation in SMIGF1RKO mice and decreases in SMIRKO mice. Enhanced intima hyperplasia in diabetes is mainly due to insulin signaling via homo-IR, associated with increased Has2 expression.
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105
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Steffensen LB, Conover CA, Oxvig C. PAPP-A and the IGF system in atherosclerosis: what's up, what's down? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H1039-H1049. [PMID: 31518159 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00395.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a metalloproteinase with a well-established role in releasing bioactive insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) from IGF-binding protein-2, -4, and -5 by proteolytic processing of these. The IGF system has repeatedly been suggested to be involved in the pathology of atherosclerosis, and both PAPP-A and IGF-1 are proposed biomarkers and therapeutic targets for this disease. Several experimental approaches based on atherosclerosis mouse models have been undertaken to obtain causative and mechanistic insight to the role of these molecules in atherogenesis. However, reports seem conflicting. The literature suggests that PAPP-A is detrimental, while IGF-1 is beneficial. This raises important questions that need to be addressed. Here we summarize the various studies and discuss potential underlying explanations for this seemingly inconsistency with the objective of better understanding complexities and limitations when manipulating the IGF system in mouse models of atherosclerosis. A debate clarifying what's up and what's down is highly warranted going forward with the ultimate goal of improving atherosclerosis therapy by targeting the IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse B Steffensen
- Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Claus Oxvig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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106
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Qiu S, Cai X, Liu J, Yang B, Zügel M, Steinacker JM, Sun Z, Schumann U. Association between circulating cell adhesion molecules and risk of type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:147-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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107
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Baranowska-Bik A, Bik W. Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Aging. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:465-475. [DOI: 10.2174/1570161117666181129113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
:
Insulin was discovered in 1922 by Banting and Best. Since that time, extensive research on
the mechanisms of insulin activity and action has continued. Currently, it is known that the role of insulin
is much greater than simply regulating carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin in physiological concentration
is also necessary to maintain normal vascular function.
:
Insulin resistance is defined as a pathological condition characterized by reduced sensitivity of skeletal
muscles, liver, and adipose tissue, to insulin and its downstream metabolic effects under normal serum
glucose concentrations. There are also selective forms of insulin resistance with unique features, including
vascular insulin resistance. Insulin resistance, both classical and vascular, contributes to vascular
impairment resulting in increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, in the elderly population,
additional factors including redistribution of fat concentrations, low-grade inflammation, and decreased
self-repair capacity [or cell senescence] amplify the vascular abnormalities related to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wojciech Bik
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
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108
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Wang X, Pan J, Liu D, Zhang M, Li X, Tian J, Liu M, Jin T, An F. Nicorandil alleviates apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy through PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5349-5359. [PMID: 31131539 PMCID: PMC6653072 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicorandil exerts myocardial protection through its antihypoxia and antioxidant effects. Here, we investigated whether it plays an anti‐apoptotic role in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed with high‐fat diet; then single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was performed. Rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) higher than 11.1 mmol/L were selected as models. Eight weeks after the models were built, rats were treated with nicorandil (7.5 mg/kg day and 15 mg/kg day respectively) for 4 weeks. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were treated with nicorandil and then stimulated with high glucose (33.3 mmol/L). TUNEL assay and level of bcl‐2, bax and caspase‐3 were measured. 5‐HD was used to inhibit nicorandil. Also, PI3K inhibitor (Miltefosine) and mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) were used to inhibit PI3K/Akt pathway. The results revealed that nicorandil (both 7.5 mg/kg day and 15mg/kg day) treatment can increase the level of NO in the serum and eNOS in the heart of diabetic rats compared with the untreated diabetic group. Nicorandil can also improve relieve cardiac dysfunction and reduce the level of apoptosis. In vitro experiments, nicorandil (100 µmol) can attenuate the level of apoptosis stimulated by high glucose significantly in H9C2 cardiomyocyte compared with the untreated group. The effect of nicorandil on apoptosis was blocked by 5‐HD, and it was accompanied with inhibition of the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt, eNOS, and mTOR. After inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway, the protective effect of nicorandil is restrained. These results verified that as a NO donor, nicorandil can also inhibit apoptosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy which is mediated by PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinyu Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dian Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengshuang An
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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109
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Olver TD, Laughlin MH, Padilla J. Exercise and Vascular Insulin Sensitivity in the Skeletal Muscle and Brain. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2019; 47:66-74. [PMID: 30883470 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present the hypothesis that exercise-induced hyperemia, perhaps through vascular shear stress, represents an important factor responsible for the effects of physical activity (PA) on vascular insulin sensitivity. Specifically, we postulate PA involving the greatest amount of skeletal muscle mass and the greatest central neural recruitment maximizes perfusion and consequently enhances vascular insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscle and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center.,Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, and.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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110
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Adeva-Andany MM, Castro-Quintela E, Fernández-Fernández C, Carneiro-Freire N, Vila-Altesor M. The role of collagen homeostasis in the pathogenesis of vascular disease associated to insulin resistance. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1877-1883. [PMID: 31235109 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María M Adeva-Andany
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain.
| | - Elvira Castro-Quintela
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - Natalia Carneiro-Freire
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Matilde Vila-Altesor
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Juan Cardona, c/ Pardo Bazán s/n, 15406, Ferrol, Spain
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111
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Zaki ME, Basha W, Yousef RN, Awad M. Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Egyptian Obese Women with Insulin Resistance. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:1330-1334. [PMID: 31110579 PMCID: PMC6514331 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a major factor in the development of several sub-clinical anomalies. Insulin resistance (IR) is associated with obesity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a significant role in inflammation and vascular neogenesis. However the precise relationships of its levels with clinical, lipid, and metabolic profiles are unknown. AIM: This study aimed to examine the association between serum VEGF concentrations with IR risk and metabolic and lipid parameters in obese women. METHODS: Serum VEGF, metabolic biomarkers and anthropometry were measured in 83 obese women with IR and 50 healthy women. Fat distributions in the abdominal, subcutaneous and visceral area were assessed. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. For analytical purposes, VEGF levels were categorised into three tertiles groups. RESULTS: Obese women with IR showed significantly higher levels of serum VEGF as compared with the control group. Moreover, obese women in the highest VEGF tertile had significantly higher values of obesity indices, visceral fat index, abnormal lipid levels and HOMA-IR compared to with those in the lower tertile. CONCLUSION: Elevated VEGF levels are associated with IR and high visceral fat index in obese women which in turn increased the risk for metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushira Erfan Zaki
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Basha
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha Nazih Yousef
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Awad
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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112
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Kida T, Oku H, Horie T, Osuka S, Fukumoto M, Ikeda T. Protein kinase C-mediated insulin receptor phosphorylation in diabetic rat retina. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1427-1434. [PMID: 31025213 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04324-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) involves a proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and loss of pericytes. There is a link among the action of protein kinase C (PKC) and insulin signaling. Thus, we investigated the differences between these cells in insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation in DR. METHODS Retinas were removed from streptozotocin-induced diabetic or healthy rats, and IR expression levels were compared by immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. In vitro assays also were performed in order to determine the expressions of phosphorylated IR in both cells cultured under 5.5 or 25 mM glucose by immunoblot. Cell viability was determined in both cells cultured under different concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a PKC activator. To determine the involvement of the PI3 kinase pathway of IR, PMA with or without wortmannin-induced changes in Akt was also analyzed. RESULTS Immunoreactivity to the IR was decreased in diabetic retina. High glucose (25 mM) increased phosphorylated IR levels in endothelial cells but not in pericytes. PMA (1 nM or higher) induced death of pericytes, while endothelial cells were increased. PMA increased phosphorylated Akt in endothelial cells and decreased in pericytes. Wortmannin suppressed the PMA-induced phosphorylation of Akt in endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The different responses to 25 mM glucose and PMA were observed between retinal endothelial cells and pericytes. Thus, IR phosphorylation is likely important for retinal vascular cells to survive in diabetic retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruyo Kida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Oku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Taeko Horie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Sho Osuka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Ikeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, 569-8686, Japan
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113
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Fan X, Zhang C, Niu S, Fan B, Gu D, Jiang K, Li R, Li S. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates hepatic insulin resistance induced by high-fat and high-sugar by inhibiting inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:247-255. [PMID: 31002778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg1 is the active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine ginseng and sanqi, which has remarkable effects on anti-inflammation and anti-diabetes. In this study, we explored the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 against diabetes in rat subjected to insulin resistance induced by high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS). Biochemical analysis revealed that ginsenoside Rg1 significantly decreased the serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and increased the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein, which indicated ginsenoside Rg1 improved the extent of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg1 suppressed the expression of IL-1β, IL-6,TNF-α,NF-κB and G6Pase, however, p-Akt was up-regulated. These results suggested that ginsenosideRg1 improved insulin resistance through suppressing inflammatory response and glucose output, which may be a potential therapeutic strategy in protecting hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fan
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Veterinary Biologics Research and Application, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan, 455000, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Shiwei Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Biao Fan
- The Center of Basic Experiment, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Danshan Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Kerong Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, 650011, PR China.
| | - Shude Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, PR China; Yunnan Province Key Laboratory for Nutrition and Food Safety in Universities, Kunming, Yunnan, 650011, PR China.
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114
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Dash S, Leiter LA. Residual cardiovascular risk among people with diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21 Suppl 1:28-38. [PMID: 31002458 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a growing health concern across both developed and developing countries. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of increased mortality in this patient population. In recent years, effective low density lipoprotein lowering treatments and other risk reduction strategies have substantially reduced the risk of atherosclerotic CVD, yet patients with T2D continue to remain at increased risk for atherosclerotic CVD. Here, we will briefly review various proposed underlying mechanisms for this residual risk with a more in-depth focus on the potential role of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in residual risk and potential avenues to target this pharmacologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Dash
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence A Leiter
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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115
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Bloomgarden Z, Handelsman Y. Notes from the world congress on insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. J Diabetes 2019; 11:258-260. [PMID: 30561080 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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116
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Yamashita Y, Kuroki R, Takaki M, Tanaka T, Senba M, Morimoto K, Amano H. Impairment of tissue repair in pneumonia due to β-cell deficiency: role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in alveolar macrophages. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:160. [PMID: 30902065 PMCID: PMC6431046 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4209-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients are susceptible to delayed resolution of pneumonia. However, the pathogenesis of the impaired tissue repair in inflamed lungs in diabetic patients is unknown. We evaluated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung histology in the resolution phase following acute lung injury in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced β-cell-depleted hyperglycemic mice. We also investigated efferocytosis and HGF production by macrophages under β-cell depletion condition ex vivo. Results In β-cell-depleted mice, efferocytosis was not significantly different from that in control mice; however, the concentration of HGF in BALF was decreased. In addition, diminished HGF production by alveolar macrophages and DNA synthesis in the alveolar epithelium was observed by immunohistochemistry. Ex vivo experiments confirmed that HGF production by macrophages was impaired under β-cell depletion probably because of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-019-4209-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Reiki Kuroki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takaki
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tanaka
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masachika Senba
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Konosuke Morimoto
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Amano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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117
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Chai X, Yan J, Gao Y, Jin J. Endothelial HNF4α potentiates angiogenic dysfunction via enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor resistance in T2DM. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:12989-13000. [PMID: 30873661 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although both hyperprocoagulant status, characterized by elevated thrombin levels, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) resistance, marked by attenuated expression of VEGFR2 (also called FLK1 or KDR), are known to contribute importantly to an increased risk of vascular events in diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), it remains obscure whether these two biological events regulate angiogenic response in a coordinated manner. We show here that endothelial expression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) was significantly upregulated in rodents and humans with T2DM, and HNF4α upregulation by thrombin was dependent on activation of multiple pathways, including protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38, oxidative stress, protein kinase C, and AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase). Functionally, HNF4α inhibited VEGF-mediated endothelial proliferation and migration, and blunted VEGF-stimulated in vitro angiogenesis, thus rendering endothelial cells unresponsive to established angiogenic VEGF stimulation. Mechanistically, HNF4α potentiated the endothelial VEGF resistance through the direct transcriptional repression of FLK1 gene. From a therapeutic standpoint, overexpression of the exogenous FLK1 successfully rescued HNF4α-inhibited angiogenic response to VEGF and potentiated VEGF-stimulated in vitro tube formation. Considering a strong association between HNF4A deregulation and increased risk of T2DM, our findings suggest that HNF4α may act as a critical converging point linking hyperprocoagulant condition to VEGF resistance in diabetic ECs, and repression of FLK1 expression by thrombin-induced HNF4α mediates, at least partially, the vascular dysfunction caused by T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xubing Chai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaya Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Geriatric, Xi'an Institute of Rheumatolog, Xi'an No. 5 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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118
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Lima Júnior JCD, Moura-Assis A, Cintra RM, Quinaglia T, Velloso LA, Sposito AC. Central role of obesity in endothelial cell dysfunction and cardiovascular risk. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2019; 65:87-97. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality in the contemporary world. The critical role of the endothelial cells (EC) in vascular homeostasis, the metabolic changes that take place when the cell is activated, and the elements involved in these processes have been widely explored over the past years. Obesity and its impact, promoting a rise in blood levels of free fatty acids (FAs) are often associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality. However, the mechanisms that promote cardiovascular structural changes and adaptive changes in the ECs, particularly in the context of obesity, are little known. Here, we reviewed studies that assessed the metabolic adaptations of healthy and dysfunctional ECs during exposure to FAs, as well as the epidemiological perspectives of cardiovascular structural changes in obesity. Finally, we explored the role of new agents – sphingolipids, dietary unsaturated fatty acids and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) – in atherosclerosis and their relationship with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lício A. Velloso
- State University of Campinas, Brasil; State University of Campinas, Brasil
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119
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Ren J, Pei Z, Chen X, Berg MJ, Matrougui K, Zhang QH, Zhang Y. Inhibition of CYP2E1 attenuates myocardial dysfunction in a murine model of insulin resistance through NLRP3-mediated regulation of mitophagy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:206-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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120
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Maffei A, Lembo G, Carnevale D. PI3Kinases in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Related Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124098. [PMID: 30567315 PMCID: PMC6321267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have become the target of many pharmacological treatments, both in clinical trials and in clinical practice. PI3Ks play an important role in glucose regulation, and this suggests their possible involvement in the onset of diabetes mellitus. In this review, we gather our knowledge regarding the effects of PI3K isoforms on glucose regulation in several organs and on the most clinically-relevant complications of diabetes mellitus, such as cardiomyopathy, vasculopathy, nephropathy, and neurological disease. For instance, PI3K α has been proven to be protective against diabetes-induced heart failure, while PI3K γ inhibition is protective against the disease onset. In vessels, PI3K γ can generate oxidative stress, while PI3K β inhibition is anti-thrombotic. Finally, we describe the role of PI3Ks in Alzheimer’s disease and ADHD, discussing the relevance for diabetic patients. Given the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the multiple effects here described should be taken into account for the development and validation of drugs acting on PI3Ks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Maffei
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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121
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Wijkman MO, Dena M, Dahlqvist S, Sofizadeh S, Hirsch I, Tuomilehto J, Mårtensson J, Torffvit O, Imberg H, Saeed A, Lind M. Predictors and correlates of systolic blood pressure reduction with liraglutide treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 21:105-115. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus O. Wijkman
- Department of Internal Medicine; Vrinnevi Hospital, Linköping University; Norrköping Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences; Linköping University; Norrköping Sweden
| | - Mary Dena
- Department of Nephrology; Norra Älvsborg County Hospital; Trollhattan Sweden
| | | | | | - Irl Hirsch
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition; University of Washington; Seattle Washington
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention; National Institute for Health and Welfare; Helsinki Finland
- Diabetes Research Group; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Johan Mårtensson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | | | - Henrik Imberg
- Statistiska Konsultgruppen; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Mathematical Sciences; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Mathematical Sciences; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Aso Saeed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Nephrology, Institute of Medicine; Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marcus Lind
- Department of Medicine; NU Hospital Group; Uddevalla Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg Sweden
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122
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A769662 Inhibits Insulin-Stimulated Akt Activation in Human Macrovascular Endothelial Cells Independent of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123886. [PMID: 30563079 PMCID: PMC6321332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase B (Akt) is a key enzyme in the insulin signalling cascade, required for insulin-stimulated NO production in endothelial cells (ECs). Previous studies have suggested that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation stimulates NO synthesis and enhances insulin-stimulated Akt activation, yet these studies have largely used indirect activators of AMPK. The effects of the allosteric AMPK activator A769662 on insulin signalling and endothelial function was therefore examined in cultured human macrovascular ECs. Surprisingly, A769662 inhibited insulin-stimulated NO synthesis and Akt phosphorylation in human ECs from umbilical veins (HUVECs) and aorta (HAECs). In contrast, the AMPK activators compound 991 and AICAR had no substantial inhibitory effect on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in ECs. Inhibition of AMPK with SBI-0206965 had no effect on the inhibition of insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation by A769662, suggesting the inhibitory action of A769662 is AMPK-independent. A769662 decreased IGF1-stimulated Akt phosphorylation yet had no effect on VEGF-stimulated Akt signalling in HUVECs, suggesting that A769662 attenuates early insulin/IGF1 signalling. The effects of A769662 on insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation were specific to human ECs, as no effect was observed in the human cancer cell lines HepG2 or HeLa, as well as in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). A769662 inhibited insulin-stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation in HAECs and MEFs, an effect that was independent of AMPK in MEFs. Therefore, despite being a potent AMPK activator, A769662 has effects unlikely to be mediated by AMPK in human macrovascular ECs that reduce insulin sensitivity and eNOS activation.
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123
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Bianchi VE. Weight loss is a critical factor to reduce inflammation. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:21-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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124
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Walsh LK, Ghiarone T, Olver TD, Medina-Hernandez A, Edwards JC, Thorne PK, Emter CA, Lindner JR, Manrique-Acevedo C, Martinez-Lemus LA, Padilla J. Increased endothelial shear stress improves insulin-stimulated vasodilatation in skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2018; 597:57-69. [PMID: 30328623 DOI: 10.1113/jp277050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS It has been postulated that increased blood flow-associated shear stress on endothelial cells is an underlying mechanism by which physical activity enhances insulin-stimulated vasodilatation. This report provides evidence supporting the hypothesis that increased shear stress exerts insulin-sensitizing effects in the vasculature and this evidence is based on experiments in vitro in endothelial cells, ex vivo in isolated arterioles and in vivo in humans. Given the recognition that vascular insulin signalling, and associated enhanced microvascular perfusion, contributes to glycaemic control and maintenance of vascular health, strategies that stimulate an increase in limb blood flow and shear stress have the potential to have profound metabolic and vascular benefits mediated by improvements in endothelial insulin sensitivity. ABSTRACT The vasodilator actions of insulin contribute to glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and previous studies have demonstrated that acute and chronic physical activity improves insulin-stimulated vasodilatation and glucose uptake. Because this effect of exercise primarily manifests in vascular beds highly perfused during exercise, it has been postulated that increased blood flow-associated shear stress on endothelial cells is an underlying mechanism by which physical activity enhances insulin-stimulated vasodilatation. Accordingly, herein we tested the hypothesis that increased shear stress, in the absence of muscle contraction, can acutely render the vascular endothelium more insulin-responsive. To test this hypothesis, complementary experiments were conducted using (1) cultured endothelial cells, (2) isolated and pressurized skeletal muscle arterioles from swine, and (3) humans. In cultured endothelial cells, 1 h of increased shear stress from 3 to 20 dynes cm-2 caused a significant shift in insulin signalling characterized by greater activation of eNOS relative to MAPK. Similarly, isolated arterioles exposed to 1 h of intraluminal shear stress (20 dynes cm-2 ) subsequently exhibited greater insulin-induced vasodilatation compared to arterioles kept under no-flow conditions. Finally, we found in humans that increased leg blood flow induced by unilateral limb heating for 1 h subsequently augmented insulin-stimulated popliteal artery blood flow and muscle perfusion. In aggregate, these findings across models (cells, isolated arterioles and humans) support the hypothesis that elevated shear stress causes the vascular endothelium to become more insulin-responsive and thus are consistent with the notion that shear stress may be a principal mechanism by which physical activity enhances insulin-stimulated vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Walsh
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Jenna C Edwards
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Pamela K Thorne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute and the Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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125
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Graupera M, Claret M. Endothelial Cells: New Players in Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:781-794. [PMID: 30266200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders such as obesity are accompanied by endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and decreased vascular density. The current paradigm posits that metabolic alterations associated with obesity secondarily lead to EC dysfunction. However, in view of recent evidence reporting that EC dysfunction per se is able to cause metabolic dysregulation, this paradigm should be revisited and further elaborated. In this article we summarize current views and discuss evidence in favor of a causal role for ECs in systemic metabolic dysregulation. We also integrate and contextualize current research in a pathophysiological framework and discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting angiogenesis to help to counteract obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Signaling Laboratory, ProCURE and Oncobell Programs, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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126
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Luo J, Huang L, Wang A, Liu Y, Cai R, Li W, Zhou MS. Resistin-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes to the Impairment of Insulin Signaling in Endothelium. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1226. [PMID: 30416448 PMCID: PMC6212567 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Impairment of insulin vascular action may represent a mechanism linking insulin resistance and CVDs. The present study tested the hypothesis that adipocyte-derived resistin inhibits insulin-stimulated endothelial NO production through the induction of ER stress. Methods and Results: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVC) were incubated with tunicamycin (an inducer of ER stress, 1–20 μg/mL) or resistin (10–100 ng/mL) for 1 h. Either tunicamycin or resistin increased GRP78 (an ER stress marker) expression associated with the impairment of insulin-stimulated Akt/eNOS phosphorylation, which were prevented by TUDCA (an ER stress suppressor). Resistin increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, antioxidant treatment inhibited resistin-induced GRP78 expression and impairment of insulin Akt/eNOS signaling, suggesting that ROS may involve resistin-induced ER stress. Resistin also increased JNK phosphorylation, which was prevented by TUDCA. JNK inhibitor SP600125 relieved the resistin inhibitory effects on endothelial insulin Akt/eNOS signaling. In ex vivo experiments, the incubation of aortic rings with resistin impaired insulin- but not acetylcholine-induced vasodilation, which was restored by TUDCA. LNAME (a NOS inhibitor) abolished insulin-induced vasorelaxation in the control or the resistin-treated aortic rings. In addition, resistin increased the mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines tumor nuclear factor (TNF)α and interleukin (IL)-1β, which were also prevented by TUDCA. Conclusion: Our results support the ideal that ER stress may play an important role for resistin impairment of vascular insulin signaling and insulin action. The mitigation of ER stress may represent a new strategy for prevention and treatment of CVDs in obesity and insulin resistant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Ganzhou City Hospital, Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aimei Wang
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yueyang Liu
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiping Cai
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Shenyang Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Physiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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127
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Tacey A, Qaradakhi T, Brennan-Speranza T, Hayes A, Zulli A, Levinger I. Potential Role for Osteocalcin in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Blood Vessel Disease. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101426. [PMID: 30287742 PMCID: PMC6213520 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the involvement of the skeleton in the regulation of atherosclerotic vascular disease. Osteocalcin, an osteoblast derived protein, exists in two forms, carboxylated and undercarboxylated osteocalcin. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin has been linked to the regulation of metabolic functions, including glucose and lipid metabolism. Features of atherosclerosis have been associated with circulating osteocalcin; however, this association is often conflicting and unclear. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine the evidence for a role of osteocalcin in atherosclerosis development and progression, and in particular endothelial dysfunction and vascular calcification. The current literature suggests that undercarboxylated osteocalcin stimulates the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway to upregulate nitric oxide and nuclear factor kappa β (NF-кβ) in vascular cells, possibly protecting endothelial function and preventing atherogenesis. However, this effect may be mediated by metabolic factors, such as improvements in insulin signaling, rather than through a direct effect on the vasculature. Total osteocalcin is frequently associated with vascular calcification, an association that may occur as a result of vascular cells eliciting an osteogenic phenotype. Whether osteocalcin acts as a mediator or a marker of vascular calcification is currently unclear. As such, further studies that examine each form of osteocalcin are required to elucidate if it is a mediator of atherogenesis, and whether it functions independently of metabolic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tacey
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Tara Brennan-Speranza
- Department of Physiology and Bosch Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Alan Hayes
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia.
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128
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Tomilov A, Allen S, Hui CK, Bettaieb A, Cortopassi G. Idebenone is a cytoprotective insulin sensitizer whose mechanism is Shc inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2018; 137:89-103. [PMID: 30290222 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
When insulin binds insulin receptor, IRS1 signaling is stimulated to trigger the maximal insulin response. p52Shc protein competes directly with IRS1, thus damping and diverting maximal insulin response. Genetic reduction of p52Shc minimizes competition with IRS1, and improves insulin signaling and glucose control in mice, and improves pathophysiological consequences of hyperglycemia. Given the multiple benefits of Shc reduction in vivo, we investigated whether any of 1680 drugs used in humans may function as Shc inhibitors, and thus potentially serve as novel anti-diabetics. Of the 1680, 30 insulin sensitizers were identified by screening in vitro, and of these 30 we demonstrated that 7 bound Shc protein. Of the 7 drugs, idebenone dose-dependently bound Shc protein in the 50-100 nM range, and induced insulin sensitivity and cytoprotection in this same 100 nM range that clinically dosed idebenone reaches in human plasma. By contrast we observe mitochondrial effects of idebenone in the 5,000 nM range that are not reached in human dosing. Multiple assays of target engagement demonstrate that idebenone physically interacts with Shc protein. Idebenone sensitizes mice to insulin in two different mouse models of prediabetes. Genetic depletion of idebenone's target eliminates idebenone's ability to insulin-sensitize in vivo. Thus, idebenone is the first-in-class member of a novel category of insulin-sensitizing and cytoprotective agents, the Shc inhibitors. Idebenone is an approved drug and could be considered for other indications such as type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease, in which insulin resistance occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tomilov
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Sonia Allen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Chun Kiu Hui
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Ahmed Bettaieb
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Ave, Knoxville, TN, 37996-1920, USA.
| | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr., VM3B, UC Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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129
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Biliverdin Reductase-A Mediates the Beneficial Effects of Intranasal Insulin in Alzheimer Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2922-2943. [PMID: 30073505 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1231-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is an early event leading to brain insulin resistance in AD. Intranasal insulin (INI) administration is under evaluation as a strategy to alleviate brain insulin resistance; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying INI beneficial effects are still unclear. We show that INI improves insulin signaling activation in the hippocampus and cortex of adult and aged 3×Tg-AD mice by ameliorating BVR-A activation. These changes were associated with a reduction of nitrosative stress, Tau phosphorylation, and Aβ oligomers in brain, along with improved cognitive functions. The role of BVR-A was strengthened by showing that cells lacking BVR-A: (i) develop insulin resistance if treated with insulin and (ii) can be recovered from insulin resistance only if treated with a BVR-A-mimetic peptide. These novel findings shed light on the mechanisms underlying INI treatment effects and suggest BVR-A as potential therapeutic target to prevent brain insulin resistance in AD.
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130
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Kenchegowda D, Legesse B, Hritzo B, Olsen C, Aghdam S, Kaur A, Culp W, Derrien-Colemyn A, Severson G, Moroni M. Selective Insulin-like Growth Factor Resistance Associated with Heart Hemorrhages and Poor Prognosis in a Novel Preclinical Model of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome. Radiat Res 2018; 190:164-175. [PMID: 29809108 PMCID: PMC6118398 DOI: 10.1667/rr14993.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although bone marrow aplasia has been considered for the past decades as the major contributor of radiation-induced blood disorders, cytopenias alone are insufficient to explain differences in the prevalence of bleeding. In this study, the minipig was used as a novel preclinical model of hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome to assess if factors other than platelet counts correlated with bleeding and survival. We sought to determine whether radiation affected the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway, a growth hormone with cardiovascular and radioprotective features. Gottingen and Sinclair minipigs were exposed to ionizing radiation at hematopoietic doses. The smaller Gottingen minipig strain was more sensitive to radiation; differences in IGF-1 levels were minimal, suggesting that increased sensitivity could depend on weak response to the hormone. Radiation caused IGF-1 selective resistance by inhibiting the anti-inflammatory anti-oxidative stress IRS/PI3K/Akt but not the pro-inflammatory MAPK kinase pathway, shifting IGF-1 signaling towards a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory environment. Selective IGF-1 resistance associated with hemorrhages in the heart, poor prognosis, increase in C-reactive protein and NADPH oxidase 2, uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and imbalance between the vasodilator NO and the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 molecules. Selective IGF-1 resistance is a novel mechanism of radiation injury, associated with a vicious cycle amplifying reactive oxygen species-induced damage, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. In the presence of thrombocytopenia, selective inhibition of IGF-1 cardioprotective function may contribute to the development of hemostatic disorders. This finding may be particularly relevant for individuals with low IGF-1 activity, such as the elderly or those with cardiometabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreswamy Kenchegowda
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betre Legesse
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernadette Hritzo
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cara Olsen
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Saeed Aghdam
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William Culp
- Office of the Vice President for Research, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Grant Severson
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maria Moroni
- Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
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131
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Li X, Jin SJ, Su J, Li XX, Xu M. Acid Sphingomyelinase Down-regulation Alleviates Vascular Endothelial Insulin Resistance in Diabetic Rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:645-659. [PMID: 29923306 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance in endothelial cells contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a soluble glycoprotein which plays a vital role in the development and progression of various diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. However, it remains unknown if ASM regulates insulin resistance in vascular endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes. ASM down-regulation with gene silencing and selective inhibitor amitriptyline was used in the rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) treated with palmitic acid (PA), a common saturated free fatty acid, which is thought to be the major cause of insulin resistance. It was shown that ASM down-regulation increased glucose uptake and glucose transporter-4 (Glut4) expression and reversed the phosphorylation of pIRS-1-ser307 and AKT-ser473 via ceramide, consequently resulting in the decrease of the production of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide in PA-induced RAECs. We further found that ASM down-regulation blocked the Nox2- and Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2 -· ) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. In vivo, amitriptyline relieved the vasodilatory response to acetylcholine and restored the level of ceramide, Nox2 and Nox4 in the aorta endothelium of high-fat diet-fed rats following an injection of streptozotocin. Taken together, these results suggest that ASM down-regulation can improve endothelial insulin resistance which is attributed to inhibiting redox signalling in RAECs. Thus, these data support the idea that ASM is a promising clinical biomarker and potential therapeutic target for diabetic vascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Jie Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Li
- Department of Pathology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Preclinical Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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132
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Tsai IJ, Chen CW, Tsai SY, Wang PY, Owaga E, Hsieh RH. Curcumin supplementation ameliorated vascular dysfunction and improved antioxidant status in rats fed a high-sucrose, high-fat diet. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:669-676. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2017-0670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a potential risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the effect of curcumin on factors associated with vascular dysfunction using rats fed a high-sucrose, high-fat (HSF) diet. The experiment included 2 animal feeding phases. In the first feeding phase, male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 8) was fed a standard diet (AIN-93G) and the HSF group (n = 24) was fed an HSF diet for 8 weeks to induce obesity. In the second feeding phase, lasting 4 weeks, the HSF group was randomly divided into 3 subgroups: the O group (n = 8) continued feeding on the HSF diet, the OA group (n = 8) had the HSF diet replaced with AIN-93G, and the OC group (n = 8) was fed the HSF diet supplemented with curcumin (300 mg/kg body weight daily). After 8 weeks, the HSF diet significantly elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), insulin, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), homocysteine (Hcy), C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) but significantly reduced levels of nitric oxide (NO) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). After dietary intervention, the OA and OC groups exhibited significantly lower levels of AST, ALT, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL-C, Hcy, CRP, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and higher levels of NO and catalase (CAT) activity compared with the O group. Superoxide dismutase, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase activities were increased in the OA group, while CAT levels were enhanced in the OC group. In conclusion, this study showed that curcumin supplementation and diet modification can inhibit HSF diet-induced vascular dysfunction potentially by enhancing NO production and antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby suppressing inflammation and oxidative damage in the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Jung Tsai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Yu Tsai
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yuan Wang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Eddy Owaga
- Institute of Food Bioresources Technology, Dedan Kimathi University of Technology, P.O. Box 657-10100, Nyeri, Kenya
| | - Rong-Hong Hsieh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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133
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Lalić K, Nedeljković M, Jotić A, Babić R, Rajković N, Popović L, Lukić L, Miličić T, Singh Lukač S, Stošić L, Maćešić M, Rasulić I, Gajović JS, Lalić NM. Endothelial dysfunction of coronary arteries in subjects without diabetes: An association with both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion response. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29526680 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was aimed to compare insulin sensitivity and secretion response, lipoprotein and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels between the subjects with and without coronary artery endothelial dysfunction (ED). METHODS ED was detected by intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (ACh) in 47 nondiabetes subjects without stenotic coronary arteries, selected from 316 consecutive patients with coronary angiography performed for suspected coronary artery disease. The subjects were divided into two groups: presence of ACh-induced coronary spasm (group ED+, N = 30) and absence of ACh-induced coronary spasm (group ED-, N = 17). Insulin sensitivity (Si) was evaluated by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGTT) with minimal model analysis and by HOMA-IR, insulin secretion by acute insulin response (AIR) (calculated from the first 8 min of FSIGTT) and by disposition index (DI) (Si × AIR). Lipids and PAI-1 levels were determined enzymatically, and LDL particle size by gradient gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Si was significantly lower (4.22 ± 0.62 vs 6.98 ± 1.47 min-1/mU/l × 104; p < 0.05) while HOMA-IR was significantly higher in ED + group vs ED- group (2.8 ± 0.3 vs 1.7 ± 0.2; p < 0.05). Simultaneously, AIR and DI was significantly lower in ED + vs ED- groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Investigated groups did not differ in fasting lipid levels but ED+ group had significantly smaller LDL particles (p < 0.01) and higher PAI-1 levels (p < 0.05). Regression analysis shown that DI was a strong independent predictor of appearance of ED, together with PAI-1 and LDL particle size. CONCLUSIONS Both insulin resistance and impairment in insulin secretion response strongly correlate with coronary ED in subjects without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milan Nedeljković
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Alekasandra Jotić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Rade Babić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Cardiology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Koste Todorovića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nataša Rajković
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Popović
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljiljana Lukić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Tanja Miličić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sandra Singh Lukač
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ljubica Stošić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Maćešić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Iva Rasulić
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Stanarčić Gajović
- Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nebojša M Lalić
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Dr. Subotića 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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134
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Kanter JE, Kramer F, Barnhart S, Duggan JM, Shimizu-Albergine M, Kothari V, Chait A, Bouman SD, Hamerman JA, Hansen BF, Olsen GS, Bornfeldt KE. A Novel Strategy to Prevent Advanced Atherosclerosis and Lower Blood Glucose in a Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome. Diabetes 2018; 67:946-959. [PMID: 29483182 PMCID: PMC5909997 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality associated with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Insulin therapy is often needed to improve glycemic control, but it does not clearly prevent atherosclerosis. Upon binding to the insulin receptor (IR), insulin activates distinct arms of downstream signaling. The IR-Akt arm is associated with blood glucose lowering and beneficial effects, whereas the IR-Erk arm might exert less desirable effects. We investigated whether selective activation of the IR-Akt arm, leaving the IR-Erk arm largely inactive, would result in protection from atherosclerosis in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. The insulin mimetic peptide S597 lowered blood glucose and activated Akt in insulin target tissues, mimicking insulin's effects, but only weakly activated Erk and even prevented insulin-induced Erk activation. Strikingly, S597 retarded atherosclerotic lesion progression through a process associated with protection from leukocytosis, thereby reducing lesional accumulation of inflammatory Ly6Chi monocytes. S597-mediated protection from leukocytosis was accompanied by reduced numbers of the earliest bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells and reduced IR-Erk activity in hematopoietic stem cells. This study provides a conceptually novel treatment strategy for advanced atherosclerosis associated with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Kanter
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Farah Kramer
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Shelley Barnhart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jeffrey M Duggan
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Masami Shimizu-Albergine
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Bo F Hansen
- Insulin Biology Department, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Grith S Olsen
- Insulin Biology Department, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Pathology, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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135
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Shen Y, Tang G, Gao P, Zhang B, Xiao H, Si LY. Activation of adenosine A2b receptor attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells via PI3K/Akt signaling. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:384-391. [PMID: 29626279 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High glucose plays a vital role in apoptosis in H9C2 cells. However, the exact molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cardio-protective role of A2b receptor in high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via PI3K/Akt pathway. Adenosine A2b receptor agonist (Bay506583), antagonist (MRS1754), and Akt inhibitor (LY294002) were applied respectively to H9C2 cells before exposed to high glucose for 12 h. Apoptosis of H9C2 cells was determined by TUNEL assay and the apoptosis rate by flow cytometry. The protein level of adenosine A2b receptor, p-Akt, total Akt, cleaved capase-3, cleaved capase-9, bax, and bcl-2 was measured by western blotting. The results demonstrated that apoptosis of H9C2 cardiomyocytes triggered by high-glucose treatment was time-dependent. The protein level of A2b receptor and activated Akt was both decreased in cardiomyocyte with high-glucose treatment. Moreover, we found that high glucose-induced apoptosis in H9C2 cells could be attenuated by administration of adenosine A2b receptor agonist Bay606583. This effect could be reversed by Akt inhibitor LY294002. In conclusion, activation of A2b receptor could prevent high glucose-induced apoptosis of H9C2 cells in vitro to a certain extent by activating PI3K/Akt signaling. In conclusion, these results suggested that activation of A2b receptor could be a novel therapeutic approach to high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Liang-Yi Si
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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136
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Gordin D, Harjutsalo V, Tinsley L, Fickweiler W, Sun JK, Forsblom C, Amenta PS, Pober D, D'Eon S, Khatri M, Stillman IE, Groop PH, Keenan HA, King GL. Differential Association of Microvascular Attributions With Cardiovascular Disease in Patients With Long Duration of Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:815-822. [PMID: 29386250 PMCID: PMC5860842 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Independent association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has not been established. In the Joslin 50-Year Medalist study, characterizing individuals with type 1 diabetes for 50 years or more, we examined the associations of CKD and PDR with CVD, which was validated by another cohort with type 1 diabetes from Finland. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This cross-sectional study characterized U.S. residents (n = 762) with type 1 diabetes of 50 years or longer (Medalists) at a single site by questionnaire, clinical, ophthalmic, and laboratory studies. A replication cohort (n = 675) from the longitudinal Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) was used. CKD and PDR were defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2 (CKD stage 3b) and according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol, respectively. CVD was based on questionnaires and/or hospital discharge registers. Associations of CVD status with CKD and PDR were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS CVD prevalence in the Medalists with CKD and without PDR (+CKD/-PDR) (n = 30) and CVD prevalence in the -CKD/+PDR group (n = 339) were half the prevalence in the +CKD/+PDR group (n = 66) (34.5% and 42.8% vs. 68.2%, P = 0.002). PDR status was independently associated with CVD (odds ratio 0.21 [95% CI 0.08-0.58], P = 0.003) in patients with CKD. Among the Finnish cohort, a trend toward a lower prevalence of CVD in the +CKD/-PDR group (n = 21) compared with the +CKD/+PDR group (n = 170) (19.1% vs. 37.1%, P = 0.10) was also observed. CONCLUSIONS Absence of PDR in people with type 1 diabetes and CKD was associated with a decreased prevalence of CVD, suggesting that common protective factors for PDR and CVD may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gordin
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Valma Harjutsalo
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liane Tinsley
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ward Fickweiler
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer K Sun
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter S Amenta
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Pober
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie D'Eon
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Maya Khatri
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Isaac E Stillman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hillary A Keenan
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George L King
- Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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137
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Vela D, Sopi RB, Mladenov M. Low Hepcidin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Examining the Molecular Links and Their Clinical Implications. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:179-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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138
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Katsuumi G, Shimizu I, Yoshida Y, Minamino T. Vascular Senescence in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:18. [PMID: 29556500 PMCID: PMC5845435 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In mammals, aging is associated with accumulation of senescent cells. Stresses such as telomere shortening and reactive oxygen species induce “cellular senescence”, which is characterized by growth arrest and alteration of the gene expression profile. Chronological aging is associated with development of age-related diseases, including heart failure, diabetes, and atherosclerotic disease, and studies have shown that accumulation of senescent cells has a causative role in the pathology of these age-related disorders. Endothelial cell senescence has been reported to develop in heart failure and promotes pathologic changes in the failing heart. Senescent endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells are found in atherosclerotic plaque, and studies indicate that these cells are involved in progression of plaque. Diabetes is also linked to accumulation of senescent vascular endothelial cells, while endothelial cell senescence per se induces systemic glucose intolerance by inhibiting skeletal muscle metabolism. A close connection between derangement of systemic metabolism and cellular senescence is also well recognized. Aging is a complex phenomenon, and there is no simple approach to understanding the whole process. However, there is accumulating evidence that cellular senescence has a central role in the development and progression of various undesirable aspects of aging. Suppression of cellular senescence or elimination of senescent cells reverses phenotypic changes of aging in several models, and proof-of-concept has been established that inhibiting accumulation of senescent cells could become a next generation therapy for age-related disorders. It is clear that cellular senescence drives various pathological changes associated with aging. Accordingly, further investigation into the role of this biological process in age-related disorders and discovery of senolytic compounds are important fields for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goro Katsuumi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ippei Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yohko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Division of Molecular Aging and Cell Biology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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139
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miR-214-Dependent Increase of PHLPP2 Levels Mediates the Impairment of Insulin-Stimulated Akt Activation in Mouse Aortic Endothelial Cells Exposed to Methylglyoxal. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020522. [PMID: 29425121 PMCID: PMC5855744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence has been provided linking microRNAs (miRNAs) and diabetic complications, by the regulation of molecular pathways, including insulin-signaling, involved in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction. Methylglyoxal (MGO) accumulates in diabetes and is associated with cardiovascular complications. This study aims to analyze the contribution of miRNAs in the MGO-induced damaging effect on insulin responsiveness in mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs). miRNA modulation was performed by transfection of specific miRNA mimics and inhibitors in MAECs, treated or not with MGO. miRNA-target protein levels were evaluated by Western blot. PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) regulation by miR-214 was tested by luciferase assays and by the use of a target protector specific for miR-214 on PHLPP2-3′UTR. This study reveals a 4-fold increase of PHLPP2 in MGO-treated MAECs. PHLPP2 levels inversely correlate with miR-214 modulation. Moreover, miR-214 overexpression is able to reduce PHLPP2 levels in MGO-treated MAECs. Interestingly, a direct regulation of PHLPP2 is proved to be dependent by miR-214. Finally, the inhibition of miR-214 impairs the insulin-dependent Akt activation, while its overexpression rescues the insulin effect on Akt activation in MGO-treated MAECs. In conclusion, this study shows that PHLPP2 is a target of miR-214 in MAECs, and identifies miR-214 downregulation as a contributing factor to MGO-induced endothelial insulin-resistance.
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140
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Russo L, Muturi HT, Ghadieh HE, Wisniewski AM, Morgan EE, Quadri SS, Landesberg GP, Siragy HM, Vazquez G, Scalia R, Gupta R, Najjar SM. Liver-specific rescuing of CEACAM1 reverses endothelial and cardiovascular abnormalities in male mice with null deletion of Ceacam1 gene. Mol Metab 2018; 9:98-113. [PMID: 29396368 PMCID: PMC5870095 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Mice with global null mutation of Ceacam1 (Cc1−/−), display impairment of insulin clearance that causes hyperinsulinemia followed by insulin resistance, elevated hepatic de novo lipogenesis, and visceral obesity. In addition, they manifest abnormal vascular permeability and elevated blood pressure. Liver-specific rescuing of Ceacam1 reversed all of the metabolic abnormalities in Cc1−/−liver+ mice. The current study examined whether Cc1−/− male mice develop endothelial and cardiac dysfunction and whether this relates to the metabolic abnormalities caused by defective insulin extraction. Methods and results Myography studies showed reduction of agonist-stimulated nitric oxide production in resistance arterioles in Cc1−/−, but not Cc1−/−liver+ mice. Liver-based rescuing of CEACAM1 also attenuated the abnormal endothelial adhesiveness to circulating leukocytes in parallel to reducing plasma endothelin-1 and recovering plasma nitric oxide levels. Echocardiography studies revealed increased septal wall thickness, cardiac hypertrophy and reduced cardiac performance in Cc1−/−, but not Cc1−/−xliver+ mice. Insulin signaling experiments indicated compromised IRS1/Akt/eNOS pathway leading to lower nitric oxide level, and activated Shc/MAPK pathway leading to more endothelin-1 production in the aortae and hearts of Cc1−/−, but not Cc1−/−xliver+ mice. The increase in the ratio of endothelin-1 receptor A/B indicated an imbalance in the vasomotor activity of Cc1−/− mice, which was normalized in Cc1−/−xliver+ mice. Conclusions The data underscore a critical role for impaired CEACAM1-dependent hepatic insulin clearance pathways and resulting hyperinsulinemia and lipid accumulation in aortae and heart in regulating the cardiovascular function. Mice with global deletion of Ceacam1 gene (Cc1−/−) manifest endothelial dysfunction which is reversed by liver-specific rescuing of CEACAM1. Restoring CEACAM1 expression in the liver reversed cardiac hypertrophy and rescued cardiac performance. Hyperinsulinemia emerging from impaired insulin clearance regulates endothelial and cardiovascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Russo
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Harrison T Muturi
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Hilda E Ghadieh
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Alexander M Wisniewski
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Eric E Morgan
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Syed S Quadri
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gavin P Landesberg
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Helmy M Siragy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Guillermo Vazquez
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Department of Physiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajesh Gupta
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Sonia M Najjar
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Diabetes Institute, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA.
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141
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Brain insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer disease: concepts and conundrums. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:168-181. [PMID: 29377010 DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2017.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Considerable overlap has been identified in the risk factors, comorbidities and putative pathophysiological mechanisms of Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), two of the most pressing epidemics of our time. Much is known about the biology of each condition, but whether T2DM and ADRDs are parallel phenomena arising from coincidental roots in ageing or synergistic diseases linked by vicious pathophysiological cycles remains unclear. Insulin resistance is a core feature of T2DM and is emerging as a potentially important feature of ADRDs. Here, we review key observations and experimental data on insulin signalling in the brain, highlighting its actions in neurons and glia. In addition, we define the concept of 'brain insulin resistance' and review the growing, although still inconsistent, literature concerning cognitive impairment and neuropathological abnormalities in T2DM, obesity and insulin resistance. Lastly, we review evidence of intrinsic brain insulin resistance in ADRDs. By expanding our understanding of the overlapping mechanisms of these conditions, we hope to accelerate the rational development of preventive, disease-modifying and symptomatic treatments for cognitive dysfunction in T2DM and ADRDs alike.
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142
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Leão VF, Ferreira LLDM, Melo CM, Bonfleur ML, da Silva LL, Carneiro EM, Raimundo JM, Ribeiro RA. Taurine supplementation prevents endothelial dysfunction and attenuates structural changes in aortas from hypothalamic obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:551-563. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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143
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Olver TD, Grunewald ZI, Jurrissen TJ, MacPherson REK, LeBlanc PJ, Schnurbusch TR, Czajkowski AM, Laughlin MH, Rector RS, Bender SB, Walters EM, Emter CA, Padilla J. Microvascular insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and brain occurs early in the development of juvenile obesity in pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 314:R252-R264. [PMID: 29141949 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Impaired microvascular insulin signaling may develop before overt indices of microvascular endothelial dysfunction and represent an early pathological feature of adolescent obesity. Using a translational porcine model of juvenile obesity, we tested the hypotheses that in the early stages of obesity development, impaired insulin signaling manifests in skeletal muscle (triceps), brain (prefrontal cortex), and corresponding vasculatures, and that depressed insulin-induced vasodilation is reversible with acute inhibition of protein kinase Cβ (PKCβ). Juvenile Ossabaw miniature swine (3.5 mo of age) were divided into two groups: lean control ( n = 6) and obese ( n = 6). Obesity was induced by feeding the animals a high-fat/high-fructose corn syrup/high-cholesterol diet for 10 wk. Juvenile obesity was characterized by excess body mass, hyperglycemia, physical inactivity (accelerometer), and marked lipid accumulation in the skeletal muscle, with no evidence of overt atherosclerotic lesions in athero-prone regions, such as the abdominal aorta. Endothelium-dependent (bradykinin) and -independent (sodium nitroprusside) vasomotor responses in the brachial and carotid arteries (wire myography), as well as in the skeletal muscle resistance and 2A pial arterioles (pressure myography) were unaltered, but insulin-induced microvascular vasodilation was impaired in the obese group. Blunted insulin-stimulated vasodilation, which was reversed with acute PKCβ inhibition (LY333-531), occurred alongside decreased tissue perfusion, as well as reduced insulin-stimulated Akt signaling in the prefrontal cortex, but not the triceps. In the early stages of juvenile obesity development, the microvasculature and prefrontal cortex exhibit impaired insulin signaling. Such adaptations may underscore vascular and neurological derangements associated with juvenile obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zachary I Grunewald
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas J Jurrissen
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University , St. Catharines, Ontario , Canada
| | - Teagan R Schnurbusch
- National Swine Resource and Research Center University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Alana M Czajkowski
- National Swine Resource and Research Center University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - M Harold Laughlin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital , Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Affairs Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Eric M Walters
- National Swine Resource and Research Center University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri
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144
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Mangiferin ameliorates fatty liver via modulation of autophagy and inflammation in high-fat-diet induced mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:328-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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145
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Park K, Li Q, Evcimen ND, Rask-Madsen C, Maeda Y, Maddaloni E, Yokomizo H, Shinjo T, St-Louis R, Fu J, Gordin D, Khamaisi M, Pober D, Keenan H, King GL. Exogenous Insulin Infusion Can Decrease Atherosclerosis in Diabetic Rodents by Improving Lipids, Inflammation, and Endothelial Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 38:92-101. [PMID: 29162603 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate whether exogenously induced hyperinsulinemia may increase the development of atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hyperinsulinemia, induced by exogenous insulin implantation in high-fat fed (60% fat HFD) apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE-/-) mice, exhibited insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia. Atherosclerosis was measured by the accumulation of fat, macrophage, and extracellular matrix in the aorta. After 8 weeks on HFD, ApoE-/- mice were subcutaneously implanted with control (sham) or insulin pellet, and phlorizin, a sodium glucose cotransporters inhibitor (1/2)inhibitor, for additional 8 weeks. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test showed that plasma glucose levels were lower and insulin and IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) levels were 5.3- and 3.3-fold higher, respectively, in insulin-implanted compared with sham-treated ApoE-/- mice. Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and lipoprotein levels were decreased in mice with insulin implant, in parallel with increased lipoprotein lipase activities. Atherosclerotic plaque by en face and complexity staining showed significant reductions of fat deposits and expressions of vascular adhesion molecule-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and macrophages in arterial wall while exhibiting increased activation of pAKT and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (P<0.05) comparing insulin-implanted versus sham HFD ApoE-/- mice. No differences were observed in atherosclerotic plaques between phlorizin-treated and sham HFD ApoE-/- mice, except phlorizin significantly lowered plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels while increased glucosuria. Endothelial function was improved only by insulin treatment through endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide activations and reduced proinflammatory (M1) and increased anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages, which were inhibited by endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous insulin decreased atherosclerosis by lowering inflammatory cytokines, macrophages, and plasma lipids in HFD-induced hyperlipidemia, insulin resistant and mildly diabetic ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Park
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Li
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Net Daş Evcimen
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Rask-Madsen
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yasutaka Maeda
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ernesto Maddaloni
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hisashi Yokomizo
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ronald St-Louis
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jialin Fu
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel Gordin
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - David Pober
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hillary Keenan
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - George L King
- From the Dianne Nunnally Hoppes Laboratory, Section of Vascular Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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146
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Komazaki R, Katagiri S, Takahashi H, Maekawa S, Shiba T, Takeuchi Y, Kitajima Y, Ohtsu A, Udagawa S, Sasaki N, Watanabe K, Sato N, Miyasaka N, Eguchi Y, Anzai K, Izumi Y. Periodontal pathogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by altering gut microbiota and glucose metabolism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13950. [PMID: 29066788 PMCID: PMC5655179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that periodontitis affects non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We examined the relationship between periodontal bacterial infection and clinical/biochemical parameters in 52 NAFLD patients. Anti-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) antibody titers correlated positively with visceral fat, fasting plasma insulin, and HOMA-IR; and negatively with the liver/spleen ratio. C57BL/6J mice (8-weeks-old) were given Aa or saline (control) for 6 weeks, and were fed either normal chow (NCAa, NCco) or high-fat diet (HFAa and HFco). NCAa and HFAa mice presented impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance compared to control mice. HFAa mice showed higher hepatic steatosis than HFco animals. Liver microarray analysis revealed that 266 genes were differentially expressed between NCAa and NCco mice. Upregulated genes in Aa-administrated mice were enriched for glucagon signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway and insulin resistance. Consistently, plasma glucagon concentration was higher in NCAa mice. In addition, Akt phosphorylation was lower in the liver of NCAa/HFAa than in NCco/HFco mice. Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, Aa administration changed composition of the gut microbiota. Metagenome prediction in gut microbiota showed upregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and downregulation of fatty acid degradation in Aa-administered mice. Thus, infection with Aa affects NAFLD by altering the gut microbiota and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Komazaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Katagiri
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
| | - Shogo Maekawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Shiba
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Takeuchi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kitajima
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Eguchi Hospital, Ogi, Saga, Japan
| | - Anri Ohtsu
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Udagawa
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Sasaki
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Watanabe
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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147
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Khamaisi M, Balanson S. Dysregulation of wound healing mechanisms in diabetes and the importance of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2017; 33. [PMID: 28817237 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious disease with severe side effects and comorbidities. Diabetic foot with its chronic nonhealing ulcers, or diabetic foot ulcers, as they are commonly called, can be devastating, even leading to amputation. Many therapies exist to assist and improve wound healing. One exciting discovery is the use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) as an adjunct to standard treatment. Few studies have substantively explored the molecular mechanisms of NPWT and why we see improved wound healing, a concept that demands more research. The following commentary summarizes the current literature regarding NPWT as well as some of the vast body of work that focuses on the physiologic mechanisms of wound healing in diabetics in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogher Khamaisi
- Internal Medicine D and Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sarit Balanson
- Internal Medicine D and Institute of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Rambam Health Care Campus, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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148
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Long Y, Xia JY, Chen SW, Gao CL, Liang GN, He XM, Wu J, Jiang CX, Liu X, Huang W, Wan Q, Xu Y. ATP2B1 gene Silencing Increases Insulin Sensitivity through Facilitating Akt Activation via the Ca 2+/calmodulin Signaling Pathway and Ca 2+-associated eNOS Activation in Endothelial Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1203-1212. [PMID: 29104511 PMCID: PMC5666335 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell insulin resistance may be partially responsible for the higher risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease in populations with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A genome-wide association study revealed a significant association between the ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting 1 (ATP2B1) gene and T2DM in two community-based cohorts from the Korea Association Resource Project. However, little is known about the implication of the ATP2B1 gene on T2DM. In the present study, we investigated the role of the ATP2B1 gene in endothelial cell insulin sensitivity. ATP2B1 gene silencing resulted in enhanced intracellular calcium concentrations and increased insulin-induced Akt activation compared to that in the negative siRNA-transfected HUVECs (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells). The elevated insulin sensitivity mediated by ATP2B1 gene silencing was Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent, as verified by administration of the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM or the calmodulin-specific antagonist W7. Moreover, higher levels of phosphorylation of eNOS (Ser1177) were observed in ATP2B1-silenced HUVECs. In addition to BAPTA-AM and W7, L-NAME, an eNOS antagonist, abolished insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 in both si-Neg and si-ATP2B1-transfected endothelial cells. These results indicate that the enhanced insulin sensitivity in ATP2B1-silenced endothelial cells is alternatively dependent on an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and the subsequent activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin/eNOS/Akt signaling pathway. In summary, ATP2B1 gene silencing increased insulin sensitivity in endothelial cells by directly modulating the Ca2+/calmodulin signaling pathway and via the Ca2+/calmodulin/eNOS/Akt signaling pathway alternatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China.,Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Ji-Yi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Shao-Wei Chen
- Medical Reproduction Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Chen-Lin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Guan-Nan Liang
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Xue-Mei He
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Jian Wu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Chun-Xia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Xin Liu
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Qin Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, P R China
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149
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150
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Dirkes RK, Ortinau LC, Rector RS, Olver TD, Hinton PS. Insulin-Stimulated Bone Blood Flow and Bone Biomechanical Properties Are Compromised in Obese, Type 2 Diabetic OLETF Rats. JBMR Plus 2017; 1:116-126. [PMID: 30283885 PMCID: PMC6124191 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases skeletal fragility and fracture risk; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be identified. Impaired bone vascular function, in particular insulin‐stimulated vasodilation and blood flow is a potential, yet unexplored mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of T2D on femoral biomechanical properties, trabecular microarchitecture, and insulin‐stimulated bone vasodilation by comparison of hyperphagic Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats with normoglycemic control OLETF rats. Four‐week old, male OLETF rats were randomized to two groups: type 2 diabetes (O‐T2D) or normoglycemic control (O‐CON). O‐T2D were allowed ad libitum access to a rodent chow diet and O‐CON underwent moderate caloric restriction (30% restriction relative to intake of O‐T2D) to maintain normal body weight (BW) and glycemia until 40 weeks of age. Hyperphagic O‐T2D rats had significantly greater BW, body fat, and blood glucose than O‐CON. Total cross‐sectional area (Tt.Ar), cortical area (Ct.Ar), Ct.Ar/Tt.Ar, and polar moment of inertia of the mid‐diaphyseal femur adjusted for BW were greater in O‐T2D rats versus O‐CON. Whole‐bone biomechanical properties of the femur assessed by torsional loading to failure did not differ between O‐T2D and O‐CON, but tissue‐level strength and stiffness adjusted for BW were reduced in O‐T2D relative to O‐CON. Micro–computed tomography (μCT) of the distal epiphysis showed that O‐T2D rats had reduced percent bone volume, trabecular number, and connectivity density, and greater trabecular spacing compared with O‐CON. Basal tibial blood flow assessed by microsphere infusion was similar in O‐T2D and O‐CON, but the blood flow response to insulin stimulation in both the proximal epiphysis and diaphyseal marrow was lesser in O‐T2D compared to O‐CON. In summary, impaired insulin‐stimulated bone blood flow is associated with deleterious changes in bone trabecular microarchitecture and cortical biomechanical properties in T2D, suggesting that vascular dysfunction might play a causal role in diabetic bone fragility. © 2017 The Authors. JBMR Plus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA
| | - Laura C Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA.,Research Service Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital Columbia MO USA
| | - T Dylan Olver
- Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO USA
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