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Long J, Guan P, Hu X, Yang L, He L, Lin Q, Luo F, Li J, He X, Du Z, Li T. Natural Polyphenols as Targeted Modulators in Colon Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Applications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:635484. [PMID: 33664749 PMCID: PMC7921316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.635484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer commonly develops from long-term chronic inflammation in the intestine and seriously threatens human health. Natural polyphenols have been valued as a crucial regulator of nutrient metabolism and metabolic diseases, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions and the ability to maintain a balance between gut microbes and their hosts. Notably, experimental and clinical evidence has shown that natural polyphenols could act as a targeted modulator to play a key role in the prevention or treatment of colon cancer. Thus, in this review, we summarized recent advances in the possible regulatory mechanism and the potential application of natural polyphenols in colon cancer, which might be regarded as a novel platform for the colon cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Long
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Process of Rice and Byproducts, Hunan Key Laboratory of Grain-oil Deep Process and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingguo He
- Changsha Green Leaf Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhiliang Du
- Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Chua SYL, Luben RN, Hayat S, Broadway DC, Khaw KT, Warwick A, Britten A, Day AC, Strouthidis N, Patel PJ, Khaw PT, Foster PJ, Khawaja AP. Alcohol Consumption and Incident Cataract Surgery in Two Large UK Cohorts. Ophthalmology 2021; 128:837-847. [PMID: 33571551 PMCID: PMC8162662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association of alcohol consumption and type of alcoholic beverage with incident cataract surgery in 2 large cohorts. Design Longitudinal, observational study. Participants We included 469 387 participants of UK Biobank with a mean age of 56 years and 23 162 participants of European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk with a mean age of 59 years. Methods Self-reported alcohol consumption at baseline was ascertained by a touchscreen questionnaire in UK Biobank and a food-frequency questionnaire in EPIC-Norfolk. Cases were defined as participants undergoing cataract surgery in either eye as ascertained via data linkage to National Health Service procedure statistics. We excluded participants with cataract surgery up to 1 year after the baseline assessment visit or those with self-reported cataract at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations of alcohol consumption with incident cataract surgery, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and diabetes status. Main Outcome Measures Incident cataract surgery. Results There were 19 011 (mean cohort follow-up of 95 months) and 4573 (mean cohort follow-up of 193 months) incident cases of cataract surgery in UK Biobank and EPIC-Norfolk, respectively. Compared with nondrinkers, drinkers were less likely to undergo cataract surgery in UK Biobank (hazard ratio [HR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.93) and EPIC-Norfolk (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84–0.97) after adjusting for covariables. Among alcohol consumers, greater alcohol consumption was associated with a reduced risk of undergoing cataract surgery in EPIC-Norfolk (P < 0.001), whereas a U-shaped association was observed in the UK Biobank. Compared with nondrinkers, subgroup analysis by type of alcohol beverage showed the strongest protective association with wine consumption; the risk of incident cataract surgery was 23% and 14% lower among those in the highest category of wine consumption in EPIC-Norfolk and UK Biobank, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest a lower risk of undergoing cataract surgery with low to moderate alcohol consumption. The association was particularly apparent with wine consumption. We cannot exclude the possibility of residual confounding, and further studies are required to determine whether this association is causal in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Y L Chua
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Robert N Luben
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shabina Hayat
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Broadway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Abigail Britten
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander C Day
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Strouthidis
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen J Patel
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peng T Khaw
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Foster
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Musial C, Siedlecka-Kroplewska K, Kmiec Z, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Modulation of Autophagy in Cancer Cells by Dietary Polyphenols. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:123. [PMID: 33467015 PMCID: PMC7830598 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of autophagy is to degrade damaged or unnecessary cellular structures. Both in vivo and in vitro studies suggest a dual role of autophagy in cancer-it may promote the development of neoplasms, but it may also play a tumor protective function. The mechanism of autophagy depends on the genetic context, tumor stage and type, tumor microenvironment, or clinical therapy used. Autophagy also plays an important role in cell death as well as in the induction of chemoresistance of cancer cells. The following review describes the extensive autophagic cell death in relation to dietary polyphenols and cancer disease. The review documents increasing use of polyphenolic compounds in cancer prevention, or as agents supporting oncological treatment. Polyphenols are organic chemicals that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immunomodulating properties, and can also initiate the process of apoptosis. In addition, polyphenols reduce oxidative stress and protect against reactive oxygen species. This review presents in vitro and in vivo studies in animal models with the use of polyphenolic compounds such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), oleuropein, punicalgin, apigenin, resveratrol, pterostilbene, or curcumin and their importance in the modulation of autophagy-induced death of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Musial
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | | | - Zbigniew Kmiec
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (K.S.-K.); (Z.K.)
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Ogunmoroti O, Osibogun O, McClelland RL, Lazo M, Mathews L, Okunrintemi V, Oni ET, Burke GL, Michos ED. Alcohol type and ideal cardiovascular health among adults of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 218:108358. [PMID: 33162252 PMCID: PMC7750284 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light to moderate alcohol consumption is associated with favorable cardiovascular health (CVH). However, the association between alcohol type and ideal CVH has not been well-established. We examined the relationship between alcohol type and ideal CVH as measured by the American Heart Association's seven CVH metrics. METHODS We analyzed data from 6,389 men and women aged 45-84 years from a multi-ethnic cohort free of cardiovascular disease. Alcohol type (wine, beer and liquor) was categorized as never, former, 0 but drink other alcohol types, >0 but <1 drink/day, 1-2 drinks/day and >2 drinks/day. A CVH score ranging from 0 to 14 points was created from the seven CVH metrics (Inadequate score, 0-8; average, 9-10; optimal, 11-14). We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association between alcohol type and CVH, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, health insurance, field site and total calorie intake. RESULTS The mean (SD) age of participants was 62 (10) years and 53 % were women. Participants who consumed 1-2 drinks/day of wine had higher odds of optimal CVH scores compared to those who never drank wine [adjusted prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.64 (1.12-2.40)]. In comparison to participants who never drank beer, those who consumed >2 drinks/day of beer had lower odds of optimal CVH scores [0.31 (0.14-0.69)]. Additionally, those who consumed >2 drinks/day of liquor had lower odds of optimal scores compared to those who never drank liquor [0.32 (0.16-0.65)]. CONCLUSION Moderate consumption of wine was associated with favorable CVH. However, heavy consumption of beer or liquor was associated with poorer CVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluseye Ogunmoroti
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Olatokunbo Osibogun
- Department of Epidemiology, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL
| | | | - Mariana Lazo
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Lena Mathews
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Victor Okunrintemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Ebenezer T. Oni
- Division of Cardiology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Gregory L. Burke
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Erin D. Michos
- Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Effect of Aliophen ® Formulation Based on Malts and Hops. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010029. [PMID: 33396660 PMCID: PMC7823394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies evidenced the health effects of moderate consumption of beer, mainly due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, vitamins, or fibers. To exploit the potential beneficial effect on health and in disease prevention of these compounds, a new beverage based on barley malts and hops named Aliophen® has been designed, through a patented production process, with a high total polyphenolic amount compared to alcohol-free beer and similar to the one present in light and dark beers. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of Aliophen® against low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and its ability to protect erythrocytes from hemolysis have been characterized. Moreover, the chemopreventive effect of Aliophen® against colon cancer has been assessed, employing a mouse model of chemically induced carcinogenesis using azoxymethane (AOM). Data obtained showed that Aliophen at a low dose (3 mg/kg) inhibited the formation of preneoplastic lesions, polyps, and tumors. At higher doses (300 mg/kg) the protective effect was measured in the first phase of the onset of cancer. The antioxidant properties of Aliophen® were also observed in AOM-treated mice where it increased the serum antioxidant capacity. Based on the data presented, Aliophen® can exert promising health effects, including an anticancer capacity presumably associated with its antioxidant properties.
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106
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Parrella E, Gussago C, Porrini V, Benarese M, Pizzi M. From Preclinical Stroke Models to Humans: Polyphenols in the Prevention and Treatment of Stroke. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010085. [PMID: 33383852 PMCID: PMC7823436 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are an important family of molecules of vegetal origin present in many medicinal and edible plants, which represent important alimentary sources in the human diet. Polyphenols are known for their beneficial health effects and have been investigated for their potential protective role against various pathologies, including cancer, brain dysfunctions, cardiovascular diseases and stroke. The prevention of stroke promoted by polyphenols relies mainly on their effect on cardio- and cerebrovascular systems. However, a growing body of evidence from preclinical models of stroke points out a neuroprotective role of these molecules. Notably, in many preclinical studies, the polyphenolic compounds were effective also when administered after the stroke onset, suggesting their possible use in promoting recovery of patients suffering from stroke. Here, we review the effects of the major polyphenols in cellular and in vivo models of both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in immature and adult brains. The results from human studies are also reported.
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107
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Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Beer Modulate Plasma and Macrophage microRNAs Differently in a Pilot Intervention in Humans with Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010069. [PMID: 33379359 PMCID: PMC7823561 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is a popular beverage and some beneficial effects have been attributed to its moderate consumption. We carried out a pilot study to test if beer and non-alcoholic beer consumption modify the levels of a panel of 53 cardiometabolic microRNAs in plasma and macrophages. Seven non-smoker men aged 30–65 with high cardiovascular risk were recruited for a non-randomised cross-over intervention consisting of the ingestion of 500 mL/day of beer or non-alcoholic beer for 14 days with a 7-day washout period between interventions. Plasma and urine isoxanthohumol were measured to assess compliance with interventions. Monocytes were isolated and differentiated into macrophages, and plasma and macrophage microRNAs were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR. Anthropometric, biochemistry and dietary parameters were also measured. We found an increase in plasma miR-155-5p, miR-328-3p, and miR-92a-3p after beer and a decrease after non-alcoholic beer consumption. Plasma miR-320a-3p levels decreased with both beers. Circulating miR-320a-3p levels correlated with LDL-cholesterol. We found that miR-17-5p, miR-20a-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-26b-5p, and miR-223-3p macrophage levels increased after beer and decreased after non-alcoholic beer consumption. Functional analyses suggested that modulated microRNAs were involved in catabolism, nutrient sensing, Toll-like receptors signalling and inflammation. We concluded that beer and non-alcoholic beer intake modulated differentially plasma and macrophage microRNAs. Specifically, microRNAs related to inflammation increased after beer consumption and decreased after non-alcoholic beer consumption.
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108
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Guillou Landreat M, Beauvais C, Grall Bronnec M, Le Goff D, Le Reste JY, Lever D, Dany A, Gallopel Morvan K. Alcohol use disorders, beverage preferences and the influence of alcohol marketing: a preliminary study. SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY 2020; 15:90. [PMID: 33256798 PMCID: PMC7706018 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-020-00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) are among the most prevalent mental disorders in the world. They are the leading risk factor for premature mortality and disability among 15 to 49-year-olds. Links between alcohol marketing and patterns of alcohol consumption are well defined in adolescents but there is few data on the impact of alcohol marketing on a population of drinkers with an AUD and seeking treatment. This study was designed in collaboration among researchers specialising in addictive disorders, in social marketing and primary care. Methods This was a monocentric, cross-sectional, descriptive study. The main objective of this study was to define the type of marketing identified by drinkers with an AUD who were seeking treatment and their beverage preferences. Drinkers aged 18+ with an AUD and seeking treatment were included. A descriptive analysis and a logistic regression were carried out . Results N = 91 patients were included, 73.6% were male, the average age was 46.2 years. 72% said they were not influenced by alcohol marketing, but 76% recalled an alcohol advertisement in the last 6 months. The most frequently reported beverage preferences were wine (39.6%), standard beers (29.6%), spirits (27.5%) and strong beers (16.5%). Conclusions Patients with AUD, defined as vulnerable, reported exposure to alcohol marketing but did not seem to identify it consciously. Marketing influences differed according to beverage preferences. These results need to be confirmed by a larger study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13011-020-00329-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Guillou Landreat
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France. .,UMR 1246 SPHERE, University of Nantes / Tours, Tours, France. .,HUGOPSY NETWORK, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Marie Grall Bronnec
- UMR 1246 SPHERE, University of Nantes / Tours, Tours, France.,HUGOPSY NETWORK, Rennes, France.,CHU Nantes, Addictology and Psychiatry Department, Nantes, France
| | - Delphine Le Goff
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Jean Yves Le Reste
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France
| | - Delphine Lever
- MD, CHRU BREST, Addictology Unit CHRU BREST, Brest, France
| | - Antoine Dany
- EA SPURBO 7479, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Addictologie de liaison , Pole 3 , 1 étage, Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche , Bld Tanguy Prigent, 29200, Brest, France
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Factors associated with frailty transition at different follow-up intervals: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs 2020; 42:555-565. [PMID: 33143855 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a dynamic process. Identifying the factors associated with frailty transition may increase the opportunities for success in interventions for frailty. This scoping review, following Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, aimed to identify the factors associated with frailty transition and the rate of frailty transition among community-dwelling older people. A literature search was conducted. Among the included studies, 5, 13, and 3 involved follow-up intervals of 2-3 years (short term), 4-6 years (intermediate term), and >6 years (long term), respectively. Reportedly, life course characteristics, diseases, and psychological factors were related to frailty transitions at all follow-up intervals. Physical factors were related to frailty transition at both short and intermediate follow-up intervals, while social factors were related to frailty transition at intermediate follow-up intervals. The rate of improvement in frailty seemed to decrease, and that of worsening seemed to increase when the follow-up intervals lengthened.
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110
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Shafreen RMB, Lakshmi SA, Pandian SK, Park YS, Kim YM, Paśko P, Deutsch J, Katrich E, Gorinstein S. Unraveling the Antioxidant, Binding and Health-Protecting Properties of Phenolic Compounds of Beers with Main Human Serum Proteins: In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E4962. [PMID: 33120936 PMCID: PMC7663678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recently published in vivo studies and growing evidence suggest that moderate consumption of beer possesses several health benefits, including antioxidant and cardiovascular effects. Although beer contains phenolic acids and flavonoids as the major composition, and upon consumption, the levels of major components increase in the blood, there is no report on how these beer components interact with main human serum proteins. Thus, to address the interaction potential between beer components and human serum proteins, the present study primarily aims to investigate the components of beer from different industrial sources as well as their mode of interaction through in silico analysis. The contents of the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacities and their influence on binding properties of the main serum proteins in human metabolism (human serum albumin (HSA), plasma circulation fibrinogen (PCF), C-reactive protein (CRP) and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3)) were studied. In vitro and in silico studies indicated that phenolic substances presented in beer interact with the key regions of the proteins to enhance their antioxidant and health properties. We hypothesize that moderate consumption of beer could be beneficial for patients suffering from coronary artery disease (CAD) and other health advantages by regulating the serum proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Mohamed Beema Shafreen
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India; (R.M.B.S.); (S.A.L.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Selvaraj Alagu Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India; (R.M.B.S.); (S.A.L.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India; (R.M.B.S.); (S.A.L.); (S.K.P.)
| | - Yong Seo Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 534-729, Korea;
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Food Nutrition, Gwangju Health University, Gwangsan-gu, Gwangju 506-723, Korea;
| | - Paweł Paśko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow 30-688, Poland;
| | - Joseph Deutsch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (J.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Elena Katrich
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (J.D.); (E.K.)
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel; (J.D.); (E.K.)
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Radonjić S, Maraš V, Raičević J, Košmerl T. Wine or Beer? Comparison, Changes and Improvement of Polyphenolic Compounds during Technological Phases. Molecules 2020; 25:E4960. [PMID: 33120907 PMCID: PMC7663142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wine and beer are nowadays the most popular alcoholic beverages, and the benefits of their moderate consumption have been extensively supported by the scientific community. The main source of wine and beer's antioxidant behavior are the phenolic substances. Phenolic compounds in wine and beer also influence final product quality, in terms of color, flavor, fragrance, stability, and clarity. Change in the quantity and quality of phenolic compounds in wine and beer depends on many parameters, beginning with the used raw material, its place of origin, environmental growing conditions, and on all the applied technological processes and the storage of the final product. This review represents current knowledge of phenolic compounds, comparing qualitative and quantitative profiles in wine and beer, changes of these compounds through all phases of wine and beer production are discussed, as well as the possibilities for increasing their content. Analytical methods and their importance for phenolic compound determination have also been pointed out. The observed data showed wine as the beverage with a more potent biological activity, due to a higher content of phenolic compounds. However, both of them contain, partly similar and different, phenolic compounds, and recommendations have to consider the drinking pattern, consumed quantity, and individual preferences. Furthermore, novel technologies have been developing rapidly in order to improve the polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of these two beverages, particularly in the brewing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Radonjić
- “13. Jul Plantaže” a.d., Research and Development Sector, Put Radomira Ivanovića 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (V.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Vesna Maraš
- “13. Jul Plantaže” a.d., Research and Development Sector, Put Radomira Ivanovića 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (V.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Jovana Raičević
- “13. Jul Plantaže” a.d., Research and Development Sector, Put Radomira Ivanovića 2, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro; (V.M.); (J.R.)
| | - Tatjana Košmerl
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Alcohol-Induced Neuropathy in Chronic Alcoholism: Causes, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-020-00214-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose of the Review
Alcohol abuse causes a wide range of disorders that affect the nervous system. These include confusion, cerebellar ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and cognitive impairment. Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption is the primary cause of peripheral neuropathy. It is worth noting that peripheral neuropathy has no reliable treatment due to the poor understanding of its pathology.
Recent Findings
Coasting is a major feature of alcoholic neuropathy, largely due to chronic alcohol abuse. Its major features are hyperalgesia, allodynia, and burning pain. Even though much research was done in this area, still we do not have a full understanding of the mechanism of alcoholic neuropathy. However, some theories have been proposed. These include direct or indirect effects of alcohol metabolites, impaired axonal transport, suppressed excitatory nerve pathway activity, or imbalance in neurotransmitters. Activation of spinal cord microglia, mGlu5 spinal cord receptors, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis also seem to be implicated in the pathophysiology of this alcoholic neuropathy. The goal of treatment is to impede further damage to the peripheral nerves while also restoring their normal physiology. Alcohol abstinence, intake of balanced diets, and treatment with medications are suggested including benfotiamine, alpha-lipoic acid, acetyl-l-carnitine, vitamin E, methylcobalamin, myo-inositol, N-acetylcysteine, capsaicin, tricyclic antidepressants, or antiepileptic drugs.
Summary
This review focuses on the many pathways that play a role in the onset and development of alcohol-induced neuropathy, as well as present the possible treatment strategies of this disorder, providing insights into a further search of new treatment modalities.
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113
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Kitada M, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. Supplementation with Red Wine Extract Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Sirt1 Expression in Nondiabetic Humans. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103108. [PMID: 33053742 PMCID: PMC7600896 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with a nonalcoholic red wine extract (RWE), including resveratrol and polyphenols, on insulin sensitivity and Sirt1 expression in nondiabetic humans. The present study was a single-arm, open-label and prospective study. Twelve subjects received supplementation with RWE, including 19.2 mg resveratrol and 136 mg polyphenols, daily for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, metabolic parameters, including glucose/lipid metabolism and inflammatory markers, were evaluated. mRNA expression of Sirt1 was evaluated in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). Additionally, Sirt1 and phosphorylated AMP-activated kinase (p-AMPK) expression were evaluated in cultured human monocytes (THP-1 cells). Supplementation with RWE for 8 weeks decreased the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), which indicates an increase in insulin sensitivity. Serum low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased by RWE supplementation for 8 weeks. Additionally, Sirt1 mRNA expression in isolated PBMNCs was significantly increased after 8 weeks of RWE supplementation. Moreover, the rate of increase in Sirt1 expression was positively correlated with the rate of change in HOMA-IR. The administration of RWE increased Sirt1 and p-AMPK expression in cultured THP-1 cells. Supplementation with RWE improved metabolism, such as insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation, in humans. Additionally, RWE supplementation induced an increase in Sirt1 expression in PBMNCs, which may be associated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.M.)
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.K.); Tel.: +81-76-286-2211 (M.K. & D.K.); Fax: +81-76-286-6927 (M.K. & D.K.)
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.M.)
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.M.)
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan; (Y.O.); (I.M.)
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (D.K.); Tel.: +81-76-286-2211 (M.K. & D.K.); Fax: +81-76-286-6927 (M.K. & D.K.)
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Antioxidant Effect of Beer Polyphenols and Their Bioavailability in Dental-Derived Stem Cells (D-dSCs) and Human Intestinal Epithelial Lines (Caco-2) Cells. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8835813. [PMID: 33101420 PMCID: PMC7569455 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8835813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in the world, rich in chemical compounds of natural origin with high nutritional and biological value. It is made up of water, barley malt, hops, and yeast. The main nutrients are carbohydrates, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and other compounds such as polyphenols which are responsible for the many health benefits associated with this consumption of drinks. Hops and malt are one of the raw materials for beer and are a source of phenolic compounds. In fact, about 30% of the polyphenols in beer comes from hops and 70%-80% from malt. Natural compounds of foods or plants exert an important antioxidant activity, counteracting the formation of harmful free radicals. In the presence of an intense stressing event, cells activate specific responses to counteract cell death or senescence which is known to act as a key-task in the onset of age-related pathologies and in the loss of tissue homeostasis. Many studies have shown positive effects of natural compounds as beer polyphenols on biological systems. The main aims of our research were to determine the polyphenolic profile of three fractions, coming from stages of beer production, the mashing process (must), the filtration process (prehopping solution), and the boiling process with the addition of hops (posthopping solution), and to evaluate the effects of these fractions on Dental-derived Stem Cells (D-dSCs) and human intestinal epithelial lines (Caco-2 cells). Furthermore, we underline the bioavailability of beer fraction polyphenols by carrying out the in vitro intestinal absorption using the Caco-2 cell model. We found an antioxidant, proliferating, and antisenescent effects of the fractions deriving from the brewing process on D-dSCs and Caco-2 cells. Finally, our results demonstrated that the bioavailability of polyphenols is greater in beer than in the control standards used, supporting the future clinical application of these compounds as potential therapeutic tools in precision and translational medicine.
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115
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Santos LP, de Oliveira Meller F, Amann VR, Schäfer AA. Temporal trends in behavioral risk and protective factors and their association with mortality rates: results from Brazil and Argentina. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1390. [PMID: 32917178 PMCID: PMC7488766 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09512-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite available information on trends in behavioral factors for Brazil and Argentina, little is known about the association of these trends with mortality. Understanding this association is important to avoid early deaths. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate temporal trends in behavioral risk and protective factors in Brazil and Argentina, and to assess their association with overall and cause-specific mortality rates. Methods Ecological study with data from two population surveys from Brazil and Argentina. Weighted prevalence of tobacco smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity for the 27 Brazilian state capitals and for the 23 Argentinean provinces were used as behavioral factors. Information on overall mortality as well as cardiovascular diseases and cancer mortality for the year 2015 was collected from national mortality banks of both countries. Estimated prevalence rates were used to describe trends in behavioral factors from 2006 to 2014 in Brazil, and from 2005 to 2013 in Argentina, while Pearson’s correlation and linear regression models were used to assess their association with overall and cause-specific mortality rates. Results Brazil presented improvements in behavioral risk and protective factors: sharp decrease in tobacco smoking prevalence (from 15 to 9%), increase in regular fruit and vegetable consumption (from 28 to 36%), and increase in physical activity (45 to 51%). In Argentina, results were more disappointing: small reduction in tobacco smoking (from 55 to 50%) and decrease in physical activity (from 55 to 45%). In both countries, excessive alcohol consumption remained stable, with increase only among women. The association between behavioral factors and mortality showed that in those Brazilian capitals with higher prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables, there were lower overall mortality rates. Stratification by gender revealed that significant results were only found among women. Conclusion Prevalence of regular consumption of fruits and vegetables increased in Brazilian capitals and was associated with lower overall mortality rate, suggesting a positive impact of Brazilian policies to improve dietary intake patterns on its population’s mortality. Approaches focusing on behavioral factors are especially needed in Argentina to reach similar results of those seen in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pozza Santos
- Nutrition College, Federal University of Pampa, Luiz Joaquim de Sá Britto, s/n,, Itaqui, 97650000, Brazil.
| | | | - Valeria Romina Amann
- Scientific and Training Subcommittee of the Nutritionists College, Province of Misiones, Argentina
| | - Antônio Augusto Schäfer
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
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116
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Nishiwaki M, Yamaguchi T, Nishida R, Matsumoto N. Dose of Alcohol From Beer Required for Acute Reduction in Arterial Stiffness. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1033. [PMID: 32982780 PMCID: PMC7485316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute beer or alcohol ingestion reduces arterial stiffness, but the dose required to reduce arterial stiffness is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the acute effects of ingesting various amounts of beer on arterial stiffness in healthy men. Nine men (20–22 years) participated, in eight trials in random order on different days. The participants each consumed 25, 50, 100, or 200 mL of alcohol-free beer (AFB25, AFB50, AFB100, and AFB200) or regular beer (B25, B50, B100, and B200), and were monitored for 60 min thereafter. Arterial stiffness did not significantly change among all AFB and B25. However, B50, B100, and B200 caused a significant decrease in arterial stiffness for approximately 30–60 min: heart-brachial pulse wave velocity (B50: −4.5 ± 2.4%; B100: −3.4 ± 1.3%; B200: −8.1 ± 2.6%); brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (B50: −0.6 ± 2.0%; B100: −3.3 ± 1.1%; B200: −9.3 ± 3.0%); heart-ankle pulse wave velocity (B50: −3.7 ± 0.3%; B100: −3.3 ± 0.9%; B200: −8.1 ± 2.7%); and cardio-ankle vascular index (B50: −4.6 ± 1.3%; B100: −5.6 ± 0.8%; B200: −10.3 ± 3.1%). Positive control alcoholic beverages reduced arterial stiffness, and these reductions did not significantly differ regardless of the type of beverage. Our data show that consuming about 50 mL of beer can start to reduce arterial stiffness, and that the reduced arterial stiffness is mainly attributable to the alcohol in beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nishiwaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ren Nishida
- Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Matsumoto
- Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
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Ferrero-Del-Teso S, Suárez A, Jeffery DW, Ferreira V, Fernández-Zurbano P, Sáenz-Navajas MP. Sensory variability associated with anthocyanic and tannic fractions isolated from red wines. Food Res Int 2020; 136:109340. [PMID: 32846535 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tannins and anthocyanins are important modulators of the intrinsic quality of red wines, playing a major role in consumer preference and appreciation. Tannins are chiefly responsible for the astringency in wines although their role in eliciting different astringent subqualities is still relatively unknown. On the other hand, the sensory contribution of anthocyanic fractions is even less clear. The main aim of the present study was to assess whether anthocyanic fractions from red wine elicit specific mouthfeel and taste attributes that differ from their tannin counterparts, and to evaluate the contribution of anthocyanic and tannic fractions to taste and mouthfeel of red wines. Isolation of tannin (Ftannin) and anthocyanin (Fantho) fractions from 20 wines involved reversed-phase semipreparative liquid chromatography followed by solid phase extraction. The 40 derived fractions subsequently underwent sensory characterisation using a labelled sorting task and a rate-K attributes method. Bitterness and dryness were the salient attributes differing among the sensory spaces of both Fantho and Ftannin. Likewise, other independent and non-correlated mouthfeel dimensions differed for both Fantho ("grainy" and mouthcoating") and Ftannin ("gummy"). A significant linear model predicting wine dryness from the "dry" intensity of Fantho and Ftannin was obtained, with tannic fractions presenting a higher contribution than anthocyanic fractions. These results not only confirmed that tannins have a major implication in red wine dryness but also unequivocally demonstrated a relevant implication of certain anthocyanins in this attribute. In contrast, bitterness of the original wines could not be directly related to the bitterness perceived in any of the two groups of fractions. The addition of an extremely bitter anthocyanic fraction to wines only increased bitterness in certain wines, suggesting that bitterness in wines may result from perceptual interactions and that some wines contain strong bitterness suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrero-Del-Teso
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de La Rioja), Department of Enology, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Alejandro Suárez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de La Rioja), Department of Enology, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - David W Jeffery
- Department of Wine and Food Science, The University of Adelaide (UA), PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Vicente Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (UNIZAR-CITA), Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Purificación Fernández-Zurbano
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Vid y del Vino (Universidad de La Rioja-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de La Rioja), Department of Enology, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - María-Pilar Sáenz-Navajas
- Laboratorio de Análisis del Aroma y Enología (LAAE), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (UNIZAR-CITA), Associate Unit to Instituto de las Ciencias de la Vid y el Vino (ICVV) (UR-CSIC-GR), Zaragoza, Spain.
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118
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Effects of the Non-Alcoholic Fraction of Beer on Abdominal Fat, Osteoporosis, and Body Hydration in Women. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173910. [PMID: 32867219 PMCID: PMC7503904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that binge drinking of alcoholic beverages leads to non-desirable outcomes, which have become a serious threat to public health. However, the bioactive compounds in some alcohol-containing beverages might mitigate the negative effects of alcohol. In beer, the variety and concentration of bioactive compounds in the non-alcoholic fraction suggests that its consumption at moderate levels may not only be harmless but could also positively contribute to an improvement of certain physiological states and be also useful in the prevention of different chronic diseases. The present review focuses on the effects of non-alcoholic components of beer on abdominal fat, osteoporosis, and body hydration in women, conditions selected for their relevance to health and aging. Although beer drinking is commonly believed to cause abdominal fat deposition, the available literature indicates this outcome is inconsistent in women. Additionally, the non-alcoholic beer fraction might improve bone health in postmenopausal women, and the effects of beer on body hydration, although still unconfirmed seem promising. Most of the health benefits of beer are due to its bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, which are the most studied. As alcohol-free beer also contains these compounds, it may well offer a healthy alternative to beer consumers.
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119
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Impact of improving eating habits and rosmarinic acid supplementation on rat vascular and neuronal system in the metabolic syndrome model. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:757-767. [PMID: 32814604 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452000327x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing high fat and high carbohydrate intake, together with the administration of natural bioactive drugs, is assumed to have a protective effect in the prevention and amelioration of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of the study was to evaluate effects of diet improvement and/or a phenolic compound (rosmarinic acid; RA) administration (100 mg/kg per d) on metabolic as well as functional changes of vessels and hippocampus caused by the MetS-like conditions. The MetS-like conditions were induced by a high-fat-fructose diet (HFFD) in Prague hereditary hypertriacylglycerolaemic (HTG) rats. The effect of diet improvement and RA administration was studied using biochemical and functional measurements. Consumption of HFFD by HTG rats resulted in the development of conditions like the MetS. The fat and fructose restriction from the diet led to amelioration of basic indicators of metabolic state in rats fed HFFD and to amendment parameters of glucose tolerance test and reduction of the IL-1β serum levels. Moreover, aortic endothelial function was improved with an impact on blood pressure. The functional measurement of electrophysiology of the hippocampus showed that long-term potentiation of neuronal transmission course deteriorated after HFFD was improved by energy restriction. Oral administration of RA had a supporting effect not only on lipid and glucose metabolism but also on the vascular endothelium. Combination of both types of therapy induced beneficial effect on glucose tolerance and lipid peroxidation. Thus, combined improvement of diet habits and treatment with natural bioactive drugs is assumed to have protective effect in prevention and amelioration of the MetS.
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120
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Morales G, Martínez-González MA, Barbería-Latasa M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Gea A. Mediterranean diet, alcohol-drinking pattern and their combined effect on all-cause mortality: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1489-1498. [PMID: 32737614 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been widely studied. However, controversy remains for one of its components: alcohol intake. We aimed to assess the joint effect of adherence to the MedDiet and alcohol-drinking pattern on all-cause mortality. METHODS We used data from 20,506 subjects from a prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Adherence to the MedDiet was operationalized using four different dietary indexes and then categorized in low or high adherence, according to the median score. Alcohol-drinking pattern was evaluated with the previously defined the Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern (MADP), grouped into three categories of adherence (low, moderate and high adherence) and a fourth category for abstainers. The outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, we observed 460 deaths. No statistically significant supra-multiplicative interaction between the two exposures was found. Low adherence to both the MedDiet and MADP was associated with higher all-cause mortality compared to high adherence to both exposures [multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-3.07]. Similar results were found for cancer mortality and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS Although the combined effect of the MedDiet and MADP was not significantly higher than the product of their individual effects, a low adherence to both the MedDiet and MADP was associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality. This report also shows the usefulness of the dietary pattern approach applied to alcohol intake and of including the drinking pattern as another component of the MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Morales
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - María Barbería-Latasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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Long MT, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Benjamin EJ, Naimi TS. Alcohol Use Is Associated With Hepatic Steatosis Among Persons With Presumed Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1831-1841.e5. [PMID: 31734449 PMCID: PMC7569606 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many individuals presumed to have nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) consume moderate amounts of alcohol. Little is known about patterns of alcohol use in patients with NAFLD or how drinking behaviors affect liver fat. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 2475 participants of the Framingham Heart Study with hepatic steatosis, as determined by computed tomography. We performed multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to evaluate the association between alcohol drinking patterns and hepatic steatosis. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors, diet, and the components of the metabolic syndrome. We excluded heavy alcohol users, defined as women who consume more than 14 alcohol drinks per week and men who consume more than 21 alcohol drinks per week. RESULTS In our sample (mean age, 49.8 ± 10.2 y; 50.3% women), the prevalence of hepatic steatosis was 17.5%. The total number of alcohol drinks per week and the maximum drinks consumed per drinking day each were associated with hepatic steatosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.29 and aOR 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.30). Binge drinking occurred in 25.4% of individuals with presumed NAFLD and was associated with an increased odds of hepatic steatosis (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06-1.98) among alcohol users. In a beverage-specific analysis, alcohol use patterns were associated with hepatic steatosis among beer drinkers, but not among wine drinkers. CONCLUSIONS In a cross-sectional study of participants of the Framingham Heart Study with hepatic steatosis, we observed an association between alcohol use and liver fat, even after excluding heavy alcohol users from our analysis. Alcohol use therefore appears to be a risk factor for NAFLD. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and determine if alcohol use should be a focus for research, prevention, and treatment of presumed NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Long
- Section of Gastroenterology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Joseph M. Massaro
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emelia J. Benjamin
- Division of Cardiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine,,National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy S. Naimi
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine
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122
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Zhu J, Jiang X, Niu Z. Alcohol consumption and risk of breast and ovarian cancer: A Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Genet 2020; 245:35-41. [PMID: 32585585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption has been found to increase the risk of breast cancer in observation studies, yet it remains unknown if alcohol is related to other hormone-dependent cancers such as ovarian cancer. No Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have been performed to assess a potential causal relationship between alcohol use and risk of breast and ovarian cancer. METHODS We aim to determine if alcohol consumption is causally associated with the risk of female hormone-dependent cancers, by using summary level genetic data from the hitherto largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted on alcohol consumption (N=~1.5 million individuals), breast (Ncase=122,977) and ovarian cancer (Ncase=25,509). We examined three different alcohol intake exposures, drinks per week (drinks/week), alcohol use disorder (AUD) and age-adjusted alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT-C), to reflect the general and harmful drinking behavior. We constructed updated and stronger instruments using ninety-nine drinks/week-related SNPs, nine AUD-related SNPs and thirteen AUDIT-C-related SNPs and estimated the causal relationship applying several two-sample MR methods. RESULTS We did not find any evidence to support for a causal association between alcohol consumption and risk of breast cancer [ORdrinks/week=1.01 (0.85-1.21), P=0.89; ORAUD=1.04 (95%CI: 0.89-1.21), P=0.62; ORAUDIT-C=1.07 (0.90-1.28), P=0.44]; neither with its subtypes including ER-positive and ER-negative breast cancer, using any of the three alcohol-related exposures. For ovarian cancer, however, we identified a reduced risk with alcohol consumption, where a borderline significance was found for AUDIT-C but not for drinks/week or AUC [ORdrinks/week=0.83 (0.63-1.10), P=0.19; ORAUD=0.92 (0.83-1.01), P=0.08; ORAUDIT-C=0.83 (0.71-0.97), P=0.02]. The effect attenuated to null excluding SNPs associated with potential confounders [ORdrinks/week=0.81(0.53-1.21), P=0.31; ORAUD=0.96(0.78-1.18), P=0.68; ORAUDIT-C=0.89(0.68-1.16), P=0.38]. CONCLUSION We do not find any compelling evidence in support for a causal relationship between genetically predicted alcohol consumption and risk of breast or ovarian cancer, consistent across three different alcohol-related exposures. Future MR studies validating our findings are needed, when large-scale alcohol consumption GWAS results become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zheng Niu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China.
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López-Fernández O, Domínguez R, Pateiro M, Munekata PE, Rocchetti G, Lorenzo JM. Determination of Polyphenols Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Technique (LC-MS/MS): A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060479. [PMID: 32498428 PMCID: PMC7346120 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of polyphenols has been increasing, largely due to its beneficial effects on health. They are present in a wide variety of foods, but their extraction and characterization are complicated since they are mostly in complex matrices. For this reason, the use of selective, sensitive, and versatile analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is necessary. In this review, the most relevant studies of the last years regarding the analysis of polyphenols in different matrices by comprehensive LC–MS/MS are discussed. Relevant steps such as extraction, sample purification, and chromatographic analysis methods are emphasized. In particular, the following methodological aspects are discussed: (a) the proper selection of the extraction technique, (b) the extraction and elution solvents, (c) the purification step, (d) the selection of both stationary and mobile phases for the chromatographic separation of compounds, and (e) the different conditions for mass spectrometry. Overall, this review presents the data from the most recent studies, in a comprehensive way, thus providing and simplifying the information of the great variety of works that exist in the literature on this wide topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalla López-Fernández
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (O.L.-F.); (R.D.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (O.L.-F.); (R.D.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (O.L.-F.); (R.D.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Paulo E.S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (O.L.-F.); (R.D.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for sustainable food process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Rúa Galicia No 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (O.L.-F.); (R.D.); (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.)
- Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-988-548-277; Fax: +34-988-548-276
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Boronat A, Soldevila-Domenech N, Rodríguez-Morató J, Martínez-Huélamo M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, de la Torre R. Beer Phenolic Composition of Simple Phenols, Prenylated Flavonoids and Alkylresorcinols. Molecules 2020; 25:E2582. [PMID: 32498371 PMCID: PMC7321207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Beer is a fermented beverage with beneficial phenolic compounds and is widely consumed worldwide. The current study aimed to describe the content of three families of phenolic compounds with relevant biological activities: prenylated flavonoids (from hops), simple phenolic alcohols (from fermentation) and alkylresorcinols (from cereals) in a large sample of beers (n = 45). The prenylated flavonoids analyzed were xanthohumol, isoxanthohumol, 6- and 8-prenylnaringenin. The total prenylated flavonoids present in beer ranged from 0.0 to 9.5 mg/L. The simple phenolic alcohols analyzed were tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, ranging from 0.2 to 44.4 and 0.0 to 0.1 mg/L, respectively. Our study describes, for the first time, the presence of low amounts of alkylresorcinols in beer, in concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 11.0 µg/L. The results in non-alcoholic beer and the differences observed in the phenolic composition among different beer types and styles highlight the importance of the starting materials and the brewing process (especially fermentation) on the final phenolic composition of beer. In conclusion, beer represents a source of phenolic compounds in the diet that could act synergistically, triggering beneficial health effects in the context of its moderate consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (N.S.-D.); (J.R.-M.)
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (N.S.-D.); (J.R.-M.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Medtep Inc., 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (N.S.-D.); (J.R.-M.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miriam Martínez-Huélamo
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain;
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain;
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.); (N.S.-D.); (J.R.-M.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Iddir M, Brito A, Dingeo G, Fernandez Del Campo SS, Samouda H, La Frano MR, Bohn T. Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1562. [PMID: 32471251 PMCID: PMC7352291 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Iddir
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Alex Brito
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolomic Analysis, Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical University, Trubetskay Str. 8, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Giulia Dingeo
- Independent Researcher, Val de Marne, 94999 Paris, France;
| | - Sofia Sosa Fernandez Del Campo
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
| | - Michael R. La Frano
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Avenue, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg; (M.I.); or (A.B.); (S.S.F.D.C.); (H.S.)
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Molina-Hidalgo C, De-la-O A, Dote-Montero M, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Castillo MJ. Influence of daily beer or ethanol consumption on physical fitness in response to a high-intensity interval training program. The BEER-HIIT study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:29. [PMID: 32460793 PMCID: PMC7254771 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective approach to improve physical fitness, but consuming beer, which is a regular practice in many physically active individuals, may interfere with these effects. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of a 10-week (2 days/week) HIIT program on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and power parameters, and also to assess the possible influence on them of a moderate consumption of beer (at least from Monday to Friday) or its alcohol equivalent. METHODS Young (24 ± 6 years old) healthy adults (n = 73, 35 females) were allocated to five groups. Four groups participated in the HIIT intervention program while the fifth group was a control Non-Training group (n = 15). Participants in the training groups chose whether they preferred receiving alcohol or alcohol-free beverages. Those choosing alcohol were randomized to either beer or ethanol intake: (i) T-Beer group (alcohol beer, 5.4%; n = 13) or (ii) T-Ethanol (sparkling water with vodka, 5.4%; n = 14). Those choosing alcohol-free intake were randomized to (iii) T-Water group (sparkling water, 0.0%; n = 16), or (iv) T-0.0Beer group (alcohol-free beer, 0.0%; n = 15). Men ingested 330 ml of the beverage at lunch and 330 ml at dinner; women ingested 330 ml at dinner. Before and after the intervention, maximal oxygen uptake in absolute and relative terms (VO2max.), maximal heart rate, total test duration, hand grip strength and four types of vertical jumps were measured. RESULTS HIIT induced significant improvements in absolute and relative values of VO2max, and total test duration (all p < 0.05) in all the training groups; also, clinical improvements were found in hand grip strength. These positive effects were not influenced by the regular intake of beer or alcohol. No changes in the vertical jumps occurred in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS A moderate beer or alcohol intake does not mitigate the positive effect of a 10-week HIIT on physical fitness in young healthy adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03660579. Registered 20 September 2018. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro De-la-O
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Dote-Montero
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J. Castillo
- EFFECTS 262 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Nardini M, Foddai MS. Phenolics Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Special Beers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112466. [PMID: 32466403 PMCID: PMC7321254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant activity and polyphenols content of beer associated with its low alcohol content are relevant factors for an evaluation of the nutritional quality of beer. To investigate the effect of adding foods on the nutritional quality of beer, seven special beers that were commercially available and produced adding natural foods (walnut, chestnut, cocoa, honey, green tea, coffee, and licorice) during the fermentation process were analyzed for their polyphenols and flavonoids contents, phenolics profile, and antioxidant activity. The results obtained showed that most of the special beers under study possessed antioxidant activity, as well as total polyphenols and flavonoids contents notably higher as compared with the five conventional beers analyzed. The highest polyphenols and flavonoids contents were exhibited in cocoa, walnut, chestnut, and licorice beers, followed by coffee, honey, and green tea beers. Antioxidant activity decreased in the order walnut, cocoa, chestnut, licorice, coffee, honey, and green tea. Most special beers were enriched in catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, quercetin, and resveratrol. The content of phenolic acids, especially ferulic, p-coumaric, syringic, and sinapic acids was generally higher in special beers as compared with conventional beers. Our findings showed that the addition of natural foods during the fermentation process remarkably increased antioxidant activity of beer and qualitatively and quantitatively improved its phenolics profile.
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128
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Chamorro MF, Ladio A. Native and exotic plants with edible fleshy fruits utilized in Patagonia and their role as sources of local functional foods. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:155. [PMID: 32448223 PMCID: PMC7246002 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditionally part of the human diet, plants with edible fleshy fruits (PEFF) contain bioactive components that may exert physiological effects beyond nutrition, promoting human health and well-being. Focusing on their food-medicine functionality, different ways of using PEFF were studied in a cross-sectional way using two approaches: a bibliographical survey and an ethnobotanical case study in a rural community of Patagonia, Argentina. Methods A total of 42 studies were selected for the bibliographical review. The case study was carried out with 80% of the families inhabiting the rural community of Cuyín Manzano, using free listing, interviews, and participant observation. In both cases we analyzed species richness and use patterns through the edible consensus and functional consensus indices. Local foods, ailments, medicines and drug plants were also registered. Results The review identified 73 PEFF, the majority of which (78%) were native species, some with the highest use consensus. PEFF were used in 162 different local foods, but mainly as fresh fruit. Of the total, 42% were used in a functional way, in 54 different medicines. The principal functional native species identified in the review were Aristotelia chilensis and Berberis microphylla. In the case study 20 PEFF were in current use (50% were native), and consensus values were similar for native and exotic species. These were used in 44 different local foods, mainly as fresh fruit. Only 30% were recognized for their functional value by inhabitants (mainly as gastrointestinal and respiratory treatments). The species with the highest functional consensus were the exotic Sambucus nigra and Rosa rubiginosa, followed by the native A. chilensis, Ribes magellanicum and B. microphylla. Infusions also constituted important local functional foods. Conclusions This survey highlights the importance of studying the different local functional foods to depict the biocultural diversity of a human society. The preparation of different beverages and herbal medicines was relevant, and would be a promising subject to investigate in the future. The living heritage of PEFF appears to have undergone hybridization processes, such that exotic species play an increasingly significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Fernanda Chamorro
- INIBIOMA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, 1250-8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Ana Ladio
- INIBIOMA, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral, 1250-8400, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
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Di Sarno R, Brigida A, Caprio GG, Ciardiello D, Dallio M, Sangineto M, Fagoonee S, Abenavoli L, Luzza F, Gravina AG, De Magistris L, Federico A, Loguercio C. Critical review on the use and abuse of alcohol. When the dose makes the difference. Minerva Med 2020; 111:344-353. [PMID: 32338485 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.06584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays harmful alcohol consumption represents one of the most important risk factors for the development of several type of chronic and acute diseases in the western countries, contributing to a great number of deaths. Focusing the attention on cancer development and progression, the scientific community has a large consensus in declaring the existence of a harmful association between alcohol consumption and liver, breast, upper aerodigestive tract (mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and esophagus), pancreas and colon cancer appearance. However the precise biological links by which the alcohol could be responsible for cancer initiation and progression are not fully understood yet, even if the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) indicated both ethanol and acetaldehyde as carcinogen for humans. The possible explanation of the effect exerted by ethanol and acetaldehyde could be related to direct genotoxicity, hormonal disturbance, triggering of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this review, we examine the relationship between alcohol dosage and associated diseases, with focus on alcohol-related cancers. Furthermore, to understand the potential molecular mechanisms of these diseases, the results of in vivo experiments on animal models were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Sarno
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Brigida
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe G Caprio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Dallio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
| | - Moris Sangineto
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Molecular Biotechnology Center, Turin, Italy
| | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonietta G Gravina
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura De Magistris
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Federico
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmelina Loguercio
- Department of Precision Medicine, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
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Hinojosa-Nogueira D, Pérez-Burillo S, Ángel Rufián-Henares J, Pastoriza de la Cueva S. Characterization of rums sold in Spain through their absorption spectra, furans, phenolic compounds and total antioxidant capacity. Food Chem 2020; 323:126829. [PMID: 32334309 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A total of 42 different rums currently marketed in Spain were analyzed to study the effect of aging time and manufacturing steps (filtration, addition of additives or spices, solera aging method, use of different types of aging barrels) on several parameters: color, non-enzymatic browning, antioxidant capacity and phenolic profile. Different analytical techniques to obtain a broader descriptions of the samples were employed: absorption and UV-vis spectrophotometry, antioxidant capacity (DPPH, FRAP, ABTS methods), total phenols and HPLC to detect individual phenolic and furanic compounds. Results showed that spectrophotometric techniques could potentially be used to detect adulteration and frauds, as well as to differentiate rums by aging time. Those rums aged longer, especially those aged in oak barrels that had previously contained Bourbon or wine, showed higher phenolic content, antioxidant capacity and concentration of furanic compounds. Filtration results in the loss of antioxidant compounds while adding spices increases their concentration in rums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Sergio Pérez-Burillo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Ángel Rufián-Henares
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Silvia Pastoriza de la Cueva
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Guillermo Gonzalez-Alatorre, Lona-Ramírez FJ, Perez-Perez MCI, Patiño-Herrera R, Diaz-Ovalle CO. Quantification of N-Nitrosamines in white Wine using Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934820040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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132
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The Effect of Alcohol on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Is There New Information? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040912. [PMID: 32230720 PMCID: PMC7230699 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of alcohol on cardiovascular health are heterogeneous and vary according to consumption dose and pattern. These effects have classically been described as having a J-shaped curve, in which low-to-moderate consumption is associated with less risk than lifetime abstention, and heavy drinkers show the highest risk. Nonetheless, the beneficial effects of alcohol have been questioned due to the difficulties in establishing a safe drinking threshold. This review focuses on the association between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular risk factors and the underlying mechanisms of damage, with review of the literature from the last 10 years.
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Wang M, Liu X, Zhang Z, Yu J, Liu J, Wu Y. Phytochemicals and bioactive analysis of different sweet tea (Lithocarpus litseifolius [Hance] Chun) varieties. J Food Biochem 2020; 45:e13183. [PMID: 32180255 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the constituent phytochemicals and biological activities of six Lithocarpus litseifolius (Hance) Chun (L. litseifolius) cultivars. Processed by UPLC-MS/MS and untargeted metabolomics analysis software (MS-DIAL and MS-FINDER), components of different L. litseifolius cultivars were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of spectra, MS/MS fragmentation, and retention time, 40 compounds (including 6 phenolic glycosides and 34 flavonoids) were identified rapidly and accurately. Moreover, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant, antimicrobial effects, and pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell viability of different L. litseifolius varieties were evaluated. Purple small leaf (PSL) was found to be the most superior variety with the highest antioxidant activities (8.27, 10.09, and 10.80 mg TE/g for DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, respectively), broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and lowest cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that these bioactivities were closely related to phytochemicals among the six cultivars. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: L. litseifolius is well known as an important folk drink in the Southern China folklore for its specific efficacy in preventing diabetes. However, there is still a paucity of information on L. litseifolius, as other active components and bioactivities of it remain to be investigated. The wide range of flavonoids discovered in L. litseifolius provides abundant natural health-promoting agents for further applications in medicine and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zejie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiawen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Effective Utilizing of Wood & Bamboo Resources, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China
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134
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Martinez-Gomez A, Caballero I, Blanco CA. Phenols and Melanoidins as Natural Antioxidants in Beer. Structure, Reactivity and Antioxidant Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E400. [PMID: 32143493 PMCID: PMC7175304 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer is one of the most consumed drinks around the world, containing a variety of compounds that offer both appreciated sensorial characteristics and health advantages. Important healthy compounds in beer are those with antioxidant properties that attenuate the content of free radicals produced as by-products in the human metabolism, exerting an appreciable effect against cancers or cardiovascular diseases. This work details a study of antioxidant compounds present in beer, focusing on the two main groups: phenols (including polyphenolic forms) and melanoidins, formed specifically during brewing as Maillard products. The fundaments of the most important methods to evaluate beer antioxidant activity, the main antioxidant compounds present in beer-especially those with healthy properties-and the new trends to increase beer antioxidant activity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos A. Blanco
- Dpto. Ingeniería Agrícola y Forestal (Area de Tecnología de los Alimentos), E.T.S. Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain; (A.M.-G.); (I.C.)
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135
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Rehm J, Hasan OS. Is burden of disease differentially linked to spirits? A systematic scoping review and implications for alcohol policy. Alcohol 2020; 82:1-10. [PMID: 31260796 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most epidemiological research on alcohol as a risk factor is based on the assumption that outcomes are linked to pattern and level of alcohol exposure, where different beverages are converted into grams of ethanol. This review examines this basic assumption, that alcohol has the same impact, independent of beverage type. We conducted a systematic search on comparative research of beverage-specific alcohol exposure and consequences. Research was divided by methodology (survey, case-control, cohort, time-series analyses, interventional research). Overall, many studies showed higher risks for spirits compared to beer or wine; however, most research was not controlled adequately for confounders such as patterns of drinking. While there is no conclusive evidence for spirits being associated with more harm, given the same pattern and level of alcohol exposure, some evidence supports for certain outcomes such as injuries and poisonings, a potential excess risk with spirits consumption due to rapid ethanol intake and intoxication. Accordingly, encouraging people to opt for beverages with lower alcohol content via taxation strategies has the potential to reduce alcohol-attributable harm. This does not necessarily involve switching beverage type, but also can achieved within the same beverage category, by shifting from higher to lower concentration beverages.
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136
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Jongberg S, Andersen ML, Lund MN. Covalent Protein-Polyphenol Bonding as Initial Steps of Haze Formation in Beer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2019.1705045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sisse Jongberg
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mogens L. Andersen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marianne N. Lund
- Faculty of Science, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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137
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Zheng D, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Hou N, Yan W, Qin Y, Ye Q, Cheng X, Xiao Q, Bao Y, Luo J, Wu X. Urolithin B, a gut microbiota metabolite, protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104655. [PMID: 31996327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induces additional damage during the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Urolithin B (UB) is one of the gut metabolites of ellagitannins, a class of antioxidant polyphenols, which was found to be protective against oxidative stress in multiple organs. However, the role of UB in cardiovascular disease remains elusive. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending artery ligation for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion, with or without UB treatment. In vitro, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia (94 %N2/5 %CO2/1 %O2) for 3 h, followed by reoxygenation (74 %N2/5 %CO2/21 %O2) for 3 h (HR). UB was found to decrease myocardial infarct size and attenuate the cardiac dysfunction in the rats after IR, and protect against HR injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, UB inhibited autophagy by activating Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and protected against oxidative stress and caspase 3-dependent cell apoptosis. In particular, UB induced accumulation of p62 and its interaction with Keap1, which promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation during HR insult. Of note, the protection of UB against superoxide production and apoptotic cell death was compromised with Nrf2 gene silencing. Taken together, our findings suggested that UB protected against myocardial IR injury at least partially via the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which highlights the potential of UB as a novel therapy for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China
| | - Zumei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratories, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Qianfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - XinYi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Yonglin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, PR China.
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138
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Tang J, Dunshea FR, Suleria HAR. LC-ESI-QTOF/MS Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Medicinal Plants (Hops and Juniper Berries) and Their Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2019; 9:foods9010007. [PMID: 31861820 PMCID: PMC7023254 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and juniper berries (Juniperus communis L.) are two important medicinal plants widely used in the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries due to their strong antioxidant capacity, which is attributed to the presence of polyphenols. The present study is conducted to comprehensively characterize polyphenols from hops and juniper berries using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray-ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF/MS) to assess their antioxidant capacity. For polyphenol estimation, total phenolic content, flavonoids and tannins were measured, while for antioxidant capacity, three different antioxidant assays including the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay, the 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation decolorization assay and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) assay were used. Hops presented the higher phenolic content (23.11 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) which corresponded to its strong antioxidant activity as compared to the juniper berries. Using LC-ESI-QTOF/MS, a total of 148 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified in juniper and hops, among which phenolic acids (including hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids) and flavonoids (mainly anthocyanins, flavones, flavonols, and isoflavonoids) were the main polyphenols, which may contribute to their antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, the HPLC quantitative analysis showed that both samples had a high concentration of phenolic acids and flavonoids. In the HPLC quantification, the predominant phenolic acids in hops and juniper berries were chlorogenic acid (16.48 ± 0.03 mg/g dw) and protocatechuic acid (11.46 ± 0.03 mg/g dw), respectively. The obtained results highlight the importance of hops and juniper berries as a rich source of functional ingredients in different food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries.
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139
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The impact of frequency, pattern, intensity, and type of alcohol consumption, and its combined effect with smoking on inflammation, lipid profile, and the risk of myocardial infarction. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-019-01172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
To determine the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) associated with pattern, frequency, and intensity of alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage, and the combined effect of alcohol and smoking on risk of MI, inflammation, and lipid profile.
Method
A total of 423 cases with a first MI and 465 controls from the Maltese Acute Myocardial Infarction (MAMI) Study were analysed. Data was collected through an extensive interviewer-led questionnaire, along with measurements of various blood parameters. Medians and the Mann–Whitney test were used to assess effect of different drinking patterns, frequency, intensity, and smoking and drinking combinations on hs-CRP and lipid profile. Odds ratios, adjusted for the conventional risk factors of MI (AdjORs), were calculated as an estimate of the relative risk of MI.
Results
Regular alcohol consumption protected against MI [AdjOR 0.6 (95% CI 0.4–0.9)] while daily binge drinking increased risk [AdjOR 5.0 (95% CI 1.6–15.0)] relative to regular drinkers who did not binge drink. Whereas moderate weekly consumption of wine protected against MI, high weekly consumption of beer conveyed a deleterious effect. Alcohol consumption decreased risk of MI independent of smoking status. Frequent alcohol consumption was associated with higher HDL-, non-HDL-, total cholesterol and triglycerides, and lower hs-CRP. Total and HDL-cholesterol increased and BMI decreased with increasing quantity of weekly alcohol consumption relative to the non-regular drinkers. The effect of smoking on lipid profile and hs-CRP was less pronounced in current drinkers than in those who were non-regular drinkers.
Conclusion
The protective effect of alcohol consumption was dependent on the pattern, frequency, type, and intensity of alcohol consumed. Alcohol modified the effects of smoking on the lipid profile. Regular drinking attenuated the effect of smoking on hs-CRP and lipid profile.
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140
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Gay IC, Tran DT, Paquette DW. Alcohol intake and periodontitis in adults aged ≥30 years: NHANES 2009-2012. J Periodontol 2019; 89:625-634. [PMID: 29572839 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether an association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis exists is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the association between alcohol consumption and periodontitis. METHODS 7062 adults 30 years or older who participated in 2009-2010 and 2011-2012 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included. Alcohol consumption measurement included self-reported average number of alcoholic drinks per week over the previous 12 months and was categorized into four groups (0, < 1, 1- < 8, and ≥8 drinks per week). Participants were categorized using surveillance case definitions for periodontitis that included both clinical attachment level (CAL) and periodontal probing depth (PD) measurements. The association between alcohol consumption and chronic periodontitis was evaluated by multivariable regression analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking, self-rated overall oral health, and HbA1c . RESULTS The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having severe periodontitis was 1.9 (1.2-3) among participants who reported alcohol consumption of ≥8 drinks compared to participants consuming some alcohol but < 1 drink per week on average. Participants who consumed 1- < 8, and ≥8 drinks per week, on average, also had higher mean PD, percentage of sites with PD ≥4 mm, mean CAL, and percentage of sites with CAL ≥3 mm compared to participants reporting consumption of < 1 drink per week. Meanwhile, the odds of having periodontitis, mean PD, extent PD ≥4 mm, mean CAL, and extent CAL ≥3 mm were not significantly different for nondrinkers than for participants who consumed some alcohol but < 1 drink per week on average. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption was associated with an increase in the likelihood of having periodontitis, particularly severe periodontitis. Consumption of some alcohol, < 1 drink per week on average, was associated with similar odds of having periodontitis compared to consumption of no alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel C Gay
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Duong T Tran
- Research Administration Dental, School of Dental Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - David W Paquette
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
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141
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Beer aroma recovery and dealcoholisation by a two-step pervaporation process. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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142
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Quesada-Molina M, Muñoz-Garach A, Tinahones FJ, Moreno-Indias I. A New Perspective on the Health Benefits of Moderate Beer Consumption: Involvement of the Gut Microbiota. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9110272. [PMID: 31717482 PMCID: PMC6918268 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Beer is the most widely consumed fermented beverage in the world. A moderate consumption of beer has been related to important healthy outcomes, although the mechanisms have not been fully understood. Beer contains only a few raw ingredients but transformations that occur during the brewing process turn beer into a beverage that is enriched in micronutrients. Beer also contains an important number of phenolic compounds and it could be considered to be a source of dietary polyphenols. On the other hand, gut microbiota is now attracting special attention due to its metabolic effects and as because polyphenols are known to interact with gut microbiota. Among others, ferulic acid, xanthohumol, catechins, epicatechins, proanthocyanidins, quercetin, and rutin are some of the beer polyphenols that have been related to microbiota. However, scarce literature exists about the effects of moderate beer consumption on gut microbiota. In this review, we focus on the relationship between beer polyphenols and gut microbiota, with special emphasis on the health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Quesada-Molina
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.Q.-M.); (A.M.-G.)
| | - Araceli Muñoz-Garach
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.Q.-M.); (A.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.Q.-M.); (A.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.T.); (I.M.-I.); Tel.: +34-951-036-2647 (F.J.T. & I.M.-I.)
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital (IBIMA), Malaga University, 29010 Malaga, Spain; (M.Q.-M.); (A.M.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.J.T.); (I.M.-I.); Tel.: +34-951-036-2647 (F.J.T. & I.M.-I.)
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143
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Le Daré B, Lagente V, Gicquel T. Ethanol and its metabolites: update on toxicity, benefits, and focus on immunomodulatory effects. Drug Metab Rev 2019; 51:545-561. [PMID: 31646907 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2019.1679169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes recent experimental and epidemiological data on the toxic and beneficial effects of ethanol and its metabolites (acetaldehyde), and focuses on their immunomodulatory effects. The section dealing with the toxic effects of alcohol focuses on its chronic toxicity (liver disorders, carcinogenic effects, cardiovascular disorders, neuropsychic disorders, addiction and withdrawal syndrome, hematologic disorders, reprotoxicity, osteoporosis) although acute toxicity is considered. The role of oxidative metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase, cytochrome P450 2E1, and aldehyde dehydrogenase, as well as the impact of genetic polymorphism in its physiopathology are also highlighted. The section dealing with the beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption (on cardiovascular system, diabetes, the nervous system and sensory organs, autoimmune diseases, and rheumatology) highlights the importance of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in these observations. This knowledge, enriched by a focus on the immunomodulatory effects of ethanol and its metabolites, in particular on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, might facilitate the development of treatments that can reduce ethanol's harmful effects or accentuate its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Le Daré
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.,Pharmacy Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France.,Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Lagente
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Gicquel
- Univ Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition, Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France.,Forensic and Toxicology Laboratory, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
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144
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Ulivi L, Maccarrone M, Giannini N, Ferrari E, Caselli MC, Montano V, Chico L, Casani A, Navari E, Cerchiai N, Siciliano G, Bonuccelli U, Mancuso M. Oxidative Stress in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Dizziness Patients, Basally and After Polyphenol Compound Supplementation. Curr Mol Med 2019; 18:160-165. [PMID: 30033867 PMCID: PMC6225324 DOI: 10.2174/1566524018666180720165055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Leukoaraiosis (LA) is a common radiological finding in elderly, frequently associated with several clinical disorders, including unexplained dizziness. The pathogenesis of LA is multifactorial, with a dysfunction of cerebral microcirculation resulting in chronic hypoperfusion and tissue loss, with oxidative stress involved in this cascade. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse some oxidative stress biomarkers in a cohort of LA patients. Method: Fifty-five consecutive patients (33 males, median age 75 years) with LA were recruited. In a subgroup of 33 patients with LA and unexplained dizziness, we have then performed an open study to evaluate if 60-day supplementation with a polyphenol compound may modify these biomarkers and influence quality of life, analysed with the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) scale. Results: At baseline, blood oxidative stress parameters values were outside normal ranges and compared to matched healthy controls. After the two months supplementation, we observed a significant decrement of advanced oxidation protein products values and a significant improvement of DHI. Conclusion: Oxidative stress biomarkers may be useful to detect redox imbalance in LA and to provide non-invasive tools to monitor disease status and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ulivi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Maccarrone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Giannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Ferrari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - M C Caselli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - V Montano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - L Chico
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Casani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology Section, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Navari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology Section, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Cerchiai
- Department of Medical and Surgical Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology Section, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - G Siciliano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - U Bonuccelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Neurological Clinic, Pisa University, Pisa, Italy
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145
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Mediterranean diet: The role of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids in fish; polyphenols in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea, cacao and wine; probiotics and vitamins in prevention of stroke, age-related cognitive decline, and Alzheimer disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:724-741. [PMID: 31521398 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of the dietary components of the Mediterranean diet are reviewed in prevention of cardiovascular disease, stroke, age-associated cognitive decline and Alzheimer disease. A companion article provides a comprehensive review of extra-virgin olive oil. The benefits of consumption of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids are described. Fresh fish provides eicosapentaenoic acid while α-linolenic acid is found in canola and soybean oils, purslane and nuts. These ω-3 fatty acids interact metabolically with ω-6 fatty acids mainly linoleic acid from corn oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil. Diets rich in ω-6 fatty acids inhibit the formation of healthier ω-3 fatty acids. The deleterious effects on lipid metabolism of excessive intake of carbohydrates, in particular high-fructose corn syrup and artificial sweeteners, are explained. The critical role of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid in the developing and aging brain and in Alzheimer disease is addressed. Nutritional epidemiology studies, prospective population-based surveys, and clinical trials confirm the salutary effects of fish consumption on prevention of coronary artery disease, stroke and dementia. Recent recommendations on fish consumption by pregnant women and potential mercury toxicity are reviewed. The polyphenols and flavonoids of plant origin play a critical role in the Mediterranean diet, because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of benefit in type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke and cancer prevention. Polyphenols from fruits and vegetables modulate tau hyperphosphorylation and beta amyloid aggregation in animal models of Alzheimer disease. From the public health viewpoint worldwide the daily consumption of fruits and vegetables has become the main tool for prevention of cardiovascular disease and stroke. We review the important dietary role of cereal grains in prevention of coronary disease and stroke. Polyphenols from grapes, wine and alcoholic beverages are discussed, in particular their effects on coagulation. The mechanisms of action of probiotics and vitamins are also included.
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146
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Bustos L, Soto E, Parra F, Echiburu-Chau C, Parra C. Brewing of a Porter Craft Beer Enriched with the Plant Parastrephia lucida: A Promising Source of Antioxidant Compounds. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2019.1644478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Bustos
- Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto (CIHDE), Arica, Chile
- Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Emilio Soto
- Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto (CIHDE), Arica, Chile
| | - Felipe Parra
- Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto (CIHDE), Arica, Chile
| | | | - Claudio Parra
- Centro de Investigaciones del Hombre en el Desierto (CIHDE), Arica, Chile
- Laboratorio de Química Médica y Productos Naturales, Departamento de Recursos Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias Agronomicas, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
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147
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Gómez-Mejía E, Rosales-Conrado N, León-González ME, Madrid Y. Determination of phenolic compounds in residual brewing yeast using matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction assisted by titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1601:255-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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148
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Nardini M, Garaguso I. Characterization of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of fruit beers. Food Chem 2019; 305:125437. [PMID: 31499290 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Total polyphenols and flavonoids content, phenolics profile by HPLC, and antioxidant activity of ten fruit beer produced adding fruits during the fermentation process were analyzed. The fruits were: cherry, raspberry, peach, apricot, grape, plum, orange and apple. Antioxidant activity, total polyphenols and flavonoids content were considerably higher in most of the fruit beers in respect to conventional, no-fruit beers. Cherries beers exhibit the highest values, followed by grape, plum and orange beers. An enrichment was observed in catechin and quercetin content in all fruit beers examined. Myricetin and resveratrol were also detected in most of the fruit beers. Among phenolic acids, an enrichment in chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, p-coumaric and caffeic acids was measured in most of the fruit beers in respect to conventional beers. Our findings show that fruits addition during the fermentation process considerably increased the antioxidant activity of beer and qualitatively and quantitatively improved its phenolics profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, via Ardeatina 546, Rome 00178, Italy.
| | - Ivana Garaguso
- CREA Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C. G. Bertero 22, Rome 00156, Italy.
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De Franciscis P, Colacurci N, Riemma G, Conte A, Pittana E, Guida M, Schiattarella A. A Nutraceutical Approach to Menopausal Complaints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55090544. [PMID: 31466381 PMCID: PMC6780855 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The menopausal transition, or perimenopause, is characterized by menstrual irregularities, vasomotor symptoms, sleep disturbances, mood symptoms, and urogenital tract atrophy. These changes can also affect the quality of life and one’s self-esteem. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is considered the best option to achieve therapeutic relief of different menopausal symptoms but is usually restricted to moderate or severe symptoms. Moreover, many women refuse HRT for a variety of reasons concerning the fear of cancer and other adverse effects. According to these considerations, new topics are emerging: Dissatisfaction with drug costs and conventional healthcare, desire for personalized medicines, and the public perception that “natural is good”. In this context, nonhormonal therapies are mostly evolving, and it is not unusual that women often request a “natural” approach for their symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate nonhormonal therapies that have been identified to reduce the menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale De Franciscis
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Colacurci
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Conte
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Erika Pittana
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Guida
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, School of Medicine, University of Naples "Federico II", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Department of Women, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Sacanella Anglés I, Casas Rodríguez R, Viñas Esmel E, Castro Barquero S, Sacanella Meseguer E. [Prevention of cardiovascular disease and fermented alcoholic beverages. Reality or fiction?]. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:58-62. [PMID: 31368340 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large evidence-based reports a J-shaped association among moderate alcohol consumption and cardiovascular health. Low-moderate alcohol intake has been related to lower all-cause mortality (20%) and ischemic heart events (40%) compared to abstainers. The dose that is allegedly beneficial varies between 10-20 gr/day for women and men respectively. Moreover, the drinking pattern seems to be significant in order to get healthy effects. Moderate alcohol consumption hinders atherogenesis by several mechanisms mainly improving lipid profile and reducing thrombogenesis. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether high-polyphenol alcoholic beverages, such as wine and beer, confer a greater cardiovascular protection than spirits, which have much less polyphenol content.
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