101
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Mintz JL, Jameson MB, Akinseye L, Los EA. Pediatric diabetic ketoacidosis presenting with Streptococcus intermedius brain abscess. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:817-820. [PMID: 33851524 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Report a novel case of new-onset type 1 diabetes in a pediatric patient presenting with DKA and concurrent Streptococcus intermedius brain abscess. CASE PRESENTATION The following case report is that of a previously healthy 12 year-old girl presenting with new-onset type 1 diabetes with mild diabetic ketoacidosis and subsequently found to have a brain abscess. Over the course of her hospital stay, she developed seizures and was found to have a 1.3 × 1.0 × 1.2 cm right frontal parasagittal mass culture-positive for S. intermedius. Neurologic symptoms were unmasked once insulin treatment was initiated and ketosis improved, supporting the relationship between therapeutic ketosis and the management of medication-refractory epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS This case both supports the relationship between therapeutic ketosis and the management of medication-refractory epilepsy and highlights the need to carefully consider comorbid conditions in patients with DKA and new onset neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L Mintz
- East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Morghan B Jameson
- East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leah Akinseye
- Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Evan A Los
- Pediatric Endocrinology, East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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102
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Chen CY, Hung YF, Tsai CY, Shih YC, Chou TF, Lai MZ, Wang TF, Hsueh YP. Transcriptomic Analysis and C-Terminal Epitope Tagging Reveal Differential Processing and Signaling of Endogenous TLR3 and TLR7. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686060. [PMID: 34211474 PMCID: PMC8240634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is critical for defense against pathogenic infection, as well as for modulating tissue development. Activation of different TLRs triggers common inflammatory responses such as cytokine induction. Here, we reveal differential impacts of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on transcriptomic profiles in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Apart from self-regulation, TLR3, but not TLR7, induced expression of other TLRs, suggesting that TLR3 activation globally enhances innate immunity. Moreover, we observed diverse influences of TLR3 and TLR7 signaling on genes involved in methylation, caspase and autophagy pathways. We compared endogenous TLR3 and TLR7 by using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to knock in a dual Myc-HA tag at the 3’ ends of mouse Tlr3 and Tlr7. Using anti-HA antibodies to detect endogenous tagged TLR3 and TLR7, we found that both TLRs display differential tissue expression and posttranslational modifications. C-terminal tagging did not impair TLR3 activity. However, it disrupted the interaction between TLR7 and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88), the Tir domain-containing adaptor of TLR7, which blocked its downstream signaling necessary to trigger cytokine and chemokine expression. Our study demonstrates different properties for TLR3 and TLR7, and also provides useful mouse models for further investigation of these two RNA-sensing TLRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Ya Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fen Hung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Shih
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Chou
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Zong Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Fang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Hsueh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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103
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Antonioli L, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Benvenuti L, D’Antongiovanni V, Colucci R, Bertani L, Di Salvo C, Semeghini G, La Motta C, Giusti L, Zallocco L, Ronci M, Quattrini L, Angelucci F, Coviello V, Oh WK, Ha QTK, Németh ZH, Haskó G, Blandizzi C. Preclinical Development of FA5, a Novel AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Activator as an Innovative Drug for the Management of Bowel Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6325. [PMID: 34199160 PMCID: PMC8231528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acadesine (ACA), a pharmacological activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), showed a promising beneficial effect in a mouse model of colitis, indicating this drug as an alternative tool to manage IBDs. However, ACA displays some pharmacodynamic limitations precluding its therapeutical applications. Our study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro and in vivo effects of FA-5 (a novel direct AMPK activator synthesized in our laboratories) in an experimental model of colitis in rats. A set of experiments evaluated the ability of FA5 to activate AMPK and to compare the efficacy of FA5 with ACA in an experimental model of colitis. The effects of FA-5, ACA, or dexamethasone were tested in rats with 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (DNBS)-induced colitis to assess systemic and tissue inflammatory parameters. In in vitro experiments, FA5 induced phosphorylation, and thus the activation, of AMPK, contextually to the activation of SIRT-1. In vivo, FA5 counteracted the increase in spleen weight, improved the colon length, ameliorated macroscopic damage score, and reduced TNF and MDA tissue levels in DNBS-treated rats. Of note, FA-5 displayed an increased anti-inflammatory efficacy as compared with ACA. The novel AMPK activator FA-5 displays an improved anti-inflammatory efficacy representing a promising pharmacological tool against bowel inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Laura Benvenuti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Vanessa D’Antongiovanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Giorgia Semeghini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
| | - Concettina La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Zallocco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Luca Quattrini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Vito Coviello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.P.); (C.L.M.); (L.Z.); (L.Q.); (F.A.); (V.C.)
| | - Won-Keun Oh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; (W.-K.O.); (Q.T.K.H.)
| | - Quy Thi Kim Ha
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; (W.-K.O.); (Q.T.K.H.)
| | - Zoltan H. Németh
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA; (Z.H.N.); (G.H.)
- Department of Surgery, Morristown Medical Center, Morristown, NJ 07960, USA
| | - Gyorgy Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York City, NY 10027, USA; (Z.H.N.); (G.H.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.B.); (V.D.); (C.D.S.); (G.S.); (C.B.)
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104
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Zenk SF, Hauck S, Mayer D, Grieshober M, Stenger S. Stabilization of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor Promotes Antimicrobial Activity of Human Macrophages Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678354. [PMID: 34149713 PMCID: PMC8206807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a key oxygen sensor that controls gene expression patterns to adapt cellular metabolism to hypoxia. Pharmacological inhibition of prolyl-hydroxylases stabilizes HIFs and mimics hypoxia, leading to increased expression of more than 300 genes. Whether the genetic program initialized by HIFs affects immune responses against microbial pathogens, is not well studied. Recently we showed that hypoxia enhances antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in human macrophages. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oxygen sensor HIF is involved in hypoxia-mediated antimycobacterial activity. Treatment of Mtb-infected macrophages with the prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitor Molidustat reduced the release of TNFα and IL-10, two key cytokines involved in the immune response in tuberculosis. Molidustat also interferes with the p38 MAP kinase pathway. HIF-stabilization by Molidustat also induced the upregulation of the Vitamin D receptor and human β defensin 2, which define an antimicrobial effector pathway in human macrophages. Consequently, these immunological effects resulted in reduced proliferation of virulent Mtb in human macrophages. Therefore, HIFs may be attractive new candidates for host-directed therapies against infectious diseases caused by intracellular bacteria, including tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian F Zenk
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hauck
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Mayer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Grieshober
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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105
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Ushio-Fukai M, Ash D, Nagarkoti S, Belin de Chantemèle EJ, Fulton DJR, Fukai T. Interplay Between Reactive Oxygen/Reactive Nitrogen Species and Metabolism in Vascular Biology and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1319-1354. [PMID: 33899493 PMCID: PMC8418449 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS; e.g., superoxide [O2•-] and hydrogen peroxide [H2O2]) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS; e.g., nitric oxide [NO•]) at the physiological level function as signaling molecules that mediate many biological responses, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and gene expression. By contrast, excess ROS/RNS, a consequence of dysregulated redox homeostasis, is a hallmark of cardiovascular disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that both ROS and RNS regulate various metabolic pathways and enzymes. Recent studies indicate that cells have mechanisms that fine-tune ROS/RNS levels by tight regulation of metabolic pathways, such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The ROS/RNS-mediated inhibition of glycolytic pathways promotes metabolic reprogramming away from glycolytic flux toward the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway to generate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for antioxidant defense. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the mechanisms by which ROS/RNS regulate metabolic enzymes and cellular metabolism and how cellular metabolism influences redox homeostasis and the pathogenesis of disease. A full understanding of these mechanisms will be important for the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat diseases associated with dysregulated redox homeostasis and metabolism. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1319-1354.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masuko Ushio-Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dipankar Ash
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sheela Nagarkoti
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Eric J Belin de Chantemèle
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tohru Fukai
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA.,Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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106
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Kraft P, Kraft B. Explaining socioeconomic disparities in health behaviours: A review of biopsychological pathways involving stress and inflammation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:689-708. [PMID: 34048858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to explore how individuals' position in a socioeconomic hierarchy is related to health behaviours that are related to socioeconomic disparities in health. We identified research which shows that: (a) low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with living in harsh environments, (b) harsh environments are related to increased levels of stress and inflammation, (c) stress and inflammation impact neural systems involved in self-control by sensitising the impulsive system and desensitising the reflective system, (d) the effects are inflated valuations of small immediate rewards and deflated valuations of larger delayed rewards, (e) these effects are observed as increased delay discounting, and (f) delay discounting is positively associated with practicing more unhealthy behaviours. The results are discussed within an adaptive evolutionary framework which lays out how the stress response system, and its interaction with the immune system and brain systems for decision-making and behaviours, provides the biopsychological mechanisms and regulatory shifts that make widespread conditional adaptability possible. Consequences for policy work, interventions, and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pål Kraft
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, Bjørknes University College, Lovisenberggata 13, 0456, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brage Kraft
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, P. O. Box 23 Vinderen, 0319, Oslo, Norway.
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107
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Chan CC, Harley ITW, Pfluger PT, Trompette A, Stankiewicz TE, Allen JL, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Damen MSMA, Oates JR, Alarcon PC, Doll JR, Flick MJ, Flick LM, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Mukherjee R, Karns R, Helmrath M, Inge TH, Weisberg SP, Pamp SJ, Relman DA, Seeley RJ, Tschöp MH, Karp CL, Divanovic S. A BAFF/APRIL axis regulates obesogenic diet-driven weight gain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2911. [PMID: 34006859 PMCID: PMC8131685 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of immune mediators on weight homeostasis remains underdefined. Interrogation of resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice lacking a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor signaling serendipitously uncovered a role for B cell activating factor (BAFF). Here we show that overexpression of BAFF in multiple mouse models associates with protection from weight gain, approximating a log-linear dose response relation to BAFF concentrations. Gene expression analysis of BAFF-stimulated subcutaneous white adipocytes unveils upregulation of lipid metabolism pathways, with BAFF inducing white adipose tissue (WAT) lipolysis. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) from BAFF-overexpressing mice exhibits increased Ucp1 expression and BAFF promotes brown adipocyte respiration and in vivo energy expenditure. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), a BAFF homolog, similarly modulates WAT and BAT lipid handling. Genetic deletion of both BAFF and APRIL augments diet-induced obesity. Lastly, BAFF/APRIL effects are conserved in human adipocytes and higher BAFF/APRIL levels correlate with greater BMI decrease after bariatric surgery. Together, the BAFF/APRIL axis is a multifaceted immune regulator of weight gain and adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Isaac T W Harley
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Immunology & Microbiology, The University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Paul T Pfluger
- Research Unit NeuroBiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Aurelien Trompette
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- University of Lausanne, Service de Pneumologie, CHUV, CLED 02.206, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Traci E Stankiewicz
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessica L Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- , Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Maria E Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jarren R Oates
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jessica R Doll
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah M Flick
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- , Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Stem Cell & Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas H Inge
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Sünje J Pamp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David A Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, Internal Medicine and Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christopher L Karp
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Global Health Discovery & Translational Sciences, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Immunology Graduate Program, The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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108
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Mucosal acidosis elicits a unique molecular signature in epithelia and intestinal tissue mediated by GPR31-induced CREB phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2023871118. [PMID: 33972436 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2023871118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes associated with tissue inflammation result in significant extracellular acidosis (EA). Within mucosal tissues, intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) have evolved adaptive strategies to cope with EA through the up-regulation of SLC26A3 to promote pH homeostasis. We hypothesized that EA significantly alters IEC gene expression as an adaptive mechanism to counteract inflammation. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing approach, we defined the impact of EA on IEC gene expression to define molecular mechanisms by which IEC respond to EA. This approach identified a unique gene signature enriched in cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-regulated gene targets. Utilizing loss- and gain-of-function approaches in cultured epithelia and murine colonoids, we demonstrate that EA elicits prominent CREB phosphorylation through cyclic AMP-independent mechanisms that requires elements of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that EA signals through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR31 to promote induction of FosB, NR4A1, and DUSP1. These studies were extended to an in vivo murine model in conjunction with colonization of a pH reporter Escherichia coli strain that demonstrated significant mucosal acidification in the TNFΔARE model of murine ileitis. Herein, we observed a strong correlation between the expression of acidosis-associated genes with bacterial reporter sfGFP intensity in the distal ileum. Finally, the expression of this unique EA-associated gene signature was increased during active inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease but not in the patient control samples. These findings establish a mechanism for EA-induced signals during inflammation-associated acidosis in both murine and human ileitis.
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109
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Islam SMT, Won J, Khan M, Mannie MD, Singh I. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 drives divergent immunomodulatory functions in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Immunology 2021; 164:31-42. [PMID: 33813735 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric (HIF-1α/ HIF-1β) transcription factor in which the oxygen-sensitive HIF-1α subunit regulates gene transcription to mediate adaptive tissue responses to hypoxia. HIF-1 is a key mediator in both regulatory and pathogenic immune responses, because ongoing inflammation in localized tissues causes increased oxygen consumption and consequent hypoxia within the inflammatory lesions. In autoimmune diseases, HIF-1 plays complex and divergent roles within localized inflammatory lesions by orchestrating a critical immune interplay sponsoring the pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we have summarized the role of HIF-1 in lymphoid and myeloid immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases. HIF-1 drives inflammation by controlling the Th17/Treg /Tr1 balance through the tipping of the differentiation of CD4+ T cells in favour of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells while suppressing the development of anti-inflammatory Treg /Tr1 cells. On the other hand, HIF-1 plays a protective role by facilitating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in and expansion of CD1dhi CD5+ B cells, known as regulatory B cells or B10 cells. Apart from lymphoid cells, HIF-1 also controls the activation of macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells, thus eventually further influences the activation and development of effector/regulatory T cells by facilitating the creation of a pro/anti-inflammatory microenvironment within the autoinflammatory lesions. Based on the critical immunomodulatory roles that HIF-1 plays, this master transcription factor seems to be a potent druggable target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jeseong Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mushfiquddin Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mark D Mannie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Inderjit Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA
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110
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Gryffin PA, Diaz RE. Effects of Tai Chi and running on blood oxygen saturation: a pilot study. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:821-825. [PMID: 33793144 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large drops in blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) to levels as low as 84% was observed following Tai Chi practice, during a study on the effects of Tai Chi on SpO2. The objectives of the current pilot study were to determine if this was a statistically significant drop, and how SpO2 levels compared to an aerobic activity such as running, in pre, concurrent, and post measurements. METHODS Repeated measures of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) were taken of a 50-year-old male before, during and for 1 min after TC and running. RESULTS Measurements of SpO2 before, during, and after TC resulted in a statistically significant increase in SpO2 during TC (p=1.69e-06), and a statistically significant (p=1.71e-06) brief momentary drop from resting levels, as low as 87% SpO2. Running showed no significant change in pre and post levels, with a significant change and decrease in SpO2 during running (p=1.1e-08), suggesting increased oxygen use by the large muscle groups during exercise. SpO2 returned to normal resting levels following running with no post drop. Results suggest a higher rate of oxygen metabolism during TC, with a potential effect on hypoxic (oxygen deficient) areas of the body. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest direct and unique effects on enhanced blood oxygen saturation and oxygen metabolism, which may underlie benefits for conditions complicated by hypoxia, including cardiopulmonary disease, immunity, chronic pain, and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafael E Diaz
- California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
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111
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Mey JT, Matuska B, Peterson L, Wyszynski P, Koo M, Sharp J, Pennington E, McCarroll S, Micklewright S, Zhang P, Aronica M, Hoddy KK, Champagne CM, Heymsfield SB, Comhair SAA, Kirwan JP, Erzurum SC, Mulya A. Resting Energy Expenditure Is Elevated in Asthma. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041065. [PMID: 33805960 PMCID: PMC8064324 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Asthma physiology affects respiratory function and inflammation, factors that may contribute to elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) and altered body composition. Objective: We hypothesized that asthma would present with elevated REE compared to weight-matched healthy controls. Methods: Adults with asthma (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 20) underwent indirect calorimetry to measure REE, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measure body composition, and 3-day diet records. Clinical assessments included spirometry, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and a complete blood count. Results: Asthmatics had greater REE than controls amounting to an increase of ~100 kcals/day, even though body mass index (BMI) and body composition were similar between groups. Inclusion of asthma status and FENO in validated REE prediction equations led to improved estimates. Further, asthmatics had higher white blood cell (control vs. asthma (mean ± SD): 4.7 ± 1.1 vs. 5.9 ± 1.6, p < 0.01) and neutrophil (2.8 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 1.4, p = 0.02) counts that correlated with REE (both p < 0.01). Interestingly, despite higher REE, asthmatics reported consuming fewer calories (25.1 ± 7.5 vs. 20.3 ± 6.0 kcals/kg/day, p < 0.01) and carbohydrates than controls. Conclusion: REE is elevated in adults with mild asthma, suggesting there is an association between REE and the pathophysiology of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Mey
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Brittany Matuska
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Laura Peterson
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Patrick Wyszynski
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Michelle Koo
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Jacqueline Sharp
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Emily Pennington
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Stephanie McCarroll
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Sarah Micklewright
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Peng Zhang
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Mark Aronica
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Kristin K. Hoddy
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Catherine M. Champagne
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Steven B. Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
| | - Suzy A. A. Comhair
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - John P. Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (J.T.M.); (K.K.H.); (C.M.C.); (S.B.H.); (J.P.K.)
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
| | - Serpil C. Erzurum
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (E.P.); (S.M.); (S.M.); (P.Z.)
| | - Anny Mulya
- Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (B.M.); (L.P.); (P.W.); (M.K.); (J.S.); (M.A.); (S.A.A.C.); (S.C.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(216)-445-6625; Fax: +1-(216)-636-0104
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112
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Felger JC, Capuron L. Special Issue: The intersection of inflammation and metabolism in neuropsychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 93:331-334. [PMID: 33378714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Felger
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Lucile Capuron
- University of Bordeaux, INRAE, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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113
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Younis I. Dehisced abdominal wall reconstruction. J Wound Care 2021; 29:S29-S30. [PMID: 32427032 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup5b.s29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibby Younis
- Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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114
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Horn CM, Kielian T. Crosstalk Between Staphylococcus aureus and Innate Immunity: Focus on Immunometabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621750. [PMID: 33613555 PMCID: PMC7892349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacterial infections globally in both healthcare and community settings. The success of this bacterium is the product of an expansive repertoire of virulence factors in combination with acquired antibiotic resistance and propensity for biofilm formation. S. aureus leverages these factors to adapt to and subvert the host immune response. With the burgeoning field of immunometabolism, it has become clear that the metabolic program of leukocytes dictates their inflammatory status and overall effectiveness in clearing an infection. The metabolic flexibility of S. aureus offers an inherent means by which the pathogen could manipulate the infection milieu to promote its survival. The exact metabolic pathways that S. aureus influences in leukocytes are not entirely understood, and more work is needed to understand how S. aureus co-opts leukocyte metabolism to gain an advantage. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge concerning how metabolic biases dictate the pro- vs. anti-inflammatory attributes of various innate immune populations, how S. aureus metabolism influences leukocyte activation, and compare this with other bacterial pathogens. A better understanding of the metabolic crosstalk between S. aureus and leukocytes may unveil novel therapeutic strategies to combat these devastating infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Horn
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Tammy Kielian
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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115
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Neutrophil degranulation interconnects over-represented biological processes in atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2972. [PMID: 33536523 PMCID: PMC7859227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite our expanding knowledge about the mechanism underlying atrial fibrillation (AF), the interplay between the biological events underlying AF remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify the functionally enriched gene-sets in AF and capture their interconnection via pivotal factors, that may drive or be driven by AF. Global abundance of the proteins in the left atrium of AF patients compared to control patients (n = 3/group), and the functionally enriched biological processes in AF were determined by mass-spectrometry and gene set enrichment analysis, respectively. The data were validated in an independent cohort (n = 19-20/group). In AF, the gene-sets of innate immune system, metabolic process, cellular component disassembly and ion homeostasis were up-regulated, while the gene-set of ciliogenesis was down-regulated. The innate immune system was over-represented by neutrophil degranulation, the components of which were extensively shared by other gene-sets altered in AF. In the independent cohort, an activated form of neutrophils was more present in the left atrium of AF patients with the increased gene expression of neutrophil granules. MYH10, required for ciliogenesis, was decreased in the atrial fibroblasts of AF patients. We report the increased neutrophil degranulation appears to play a pivotal role, and affects multiple biological processes altered in AF.
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116
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Profiling Mannheimia haemolytica infection in dairy calves using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate analysis (MVA). Sci Rep 2021; 11:1392. [PMID: 33446786 PMCID: PMC7809125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) linked with Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal cause of pneumonia in cattle. Diagnosis of BRD traditionally relies on visual assessment, which can be untimely, insensitive, and nonspecific leading to inadequate treatment and further spread of disease. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid acquisition vibrational spectroscopy that can profile changes in biofluids, and when used in combination with multivariate analysis, has potential for disease diagnosis. This study characterizes the NIR spectral profile of blood plasma from dairy calves infected with M. haemolytica and validates the spectral biochemistry using standardized clinical and hematological reference parameters. Blood samples were collected for four days prior to (baseline), and 23 days after, a controlled intrabronchial challenge. NIR spectral profiles of blood plasma discriminated and predicted Baseline and Infected states of animal disease progression with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity ≥ 90% using PCA–LDA models. These results show that physiological and biochemical changes occurring in the bloodstream of dairy calves during M. haemolytica infection are reflected in the NIR spectral profiles, demonstrating the potential of NIRS as a diagnostic and monitoring tool of BRD over time.
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117
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LncRNA HOTAIR regulates glucose transporter Glut1 expression and glucose uptake in macrophages during inflammation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:232. [PMID: 33420270 PMCID: PMC7794310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80291-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays central roles in the immune response. Inflammatory response normally requires higher energy and therefore is associated with glucose metabolism. Our recent study demonstrates that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in NF-kB activation, cytokine expression, and inflammation. Here, we investigated if HOTAIR plays any role in the regulation of glucose metabolism in immune cells during inflammation. Our results demonstrate that LPS-induced inflammation induces the expression of glucose transporter isoform 1 (Glut1) which controls the glucose uptake in macrophages. LPS-induced Glut1 expression is regulated via NF-kB activation. Importantly, siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOTAIR suppressed the LPS-induced expression of Glut1 suggesting key roles of HOTAIR in LPS-induced Glut1 expression in macrophage. HOTAIR induces NF-kB activation, which in turn increases Glut1 expression in response to LPS. We also found that HOTAIR regulates glucose uptake in macrophages during LPS-induced inflammation and its knockdown decreases LPS-induced increased glucose uptake. HOTAIR also regulates other upstream regulators of glucose metabolism such as PTEN and HIF1α, suggesting its multimodal functions in glucose metabolism. Overall, our study demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR plays key roles in LPS-induced Glut1 expression and glucose uptake by activating NF-kB and hence HOTAIR regulates metabolic programming in immune cells potentially to meet the energy needs during the immune response.
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118
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Dumoulin PC, Vollrath J, Tomko SS, Wang JX, Burleigh B. Glutamine metabolism modulates azole susceptibility in Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes. eLife 2020; 9:60226. [PMID: 33258448 PMCID: PMC7707839 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying resistance of the Chagas disease parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, to current therapies are not well understood, including the role of metabolic heterogeneity. We found that limiting exogenous glutamine protects actively dividing amastigotes from ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (azoles), independent of parasite growth rate. The antiparasitic properties of azoles are derived from inhibition of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) in the endogenous sterol synthesis pathway. We find that carbons from 13C-glutamine feed into amastigote sterols and into metabolic intermediates that accumulate upon CYP51 inhibition. Incorporation of 13C-glutamine into endogenously synthesized sterols is increased with BPTES treatment, an inhibitor of host glutamine metabolism that sensitizes amastigotes to azoles. Similarly, amastigotes are re-sensitized to azoles following addition of metabolites upstream of CYP51, raising the possibility that flux through the sterol synthesis pathway is a determinant of sensitivity to azoles and highlighting the potential role for metabolic heterogeneity in recalcitrant T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Dumoulin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Joshua Vollrath
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States.,Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sheena Shah Tomko
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Jennifer X Wang
- Harvard Center for Mass Spectrometry, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Barbara Burleigh
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
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119
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of lipopolysaccharide exposure on the inflammatory response, butyrate flux, and metabolic function of the ruminal epithelium using an ex vivo model. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:2334-2345. [PMID: 33246619 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidotic conditions in the rumen have been associated with compromised barrier function of the ruminal epithelium and translocation of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMP) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interaction of MAMP with the ruminal epithelium may also induce a local proinflammatory response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential proinflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium following LPS exposure in Ussing chambers, to investigate whether LPS exposure affects the flux and metabolism of butyrate. Ruminal epithelial tissue from 9 Holstein bull calves were mounted into Ussing chambers and exposed to 0, 10,000, 50,000, or 200,000 endotoxin units (EU)/mL LPS for a duration of 5 h. Radiolabeled 14C-butyrate (15 mM) was added to the mucosal buffer to assess the mucosal-to-serosal flux of 14C-butyrate. Additional Ussing chambers, without radioisotope, were exposed to either 0 or 200,000 EU/mL LPS and were used to measure the release of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and IL1B into the buffer, and to collect epithelial tissue for analysis of gene expression. Genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL8, PTGS2, TGFB1, TLR2, TLR4), nutrient transport (MCT1, MCT4, SLC5A8, GLUT1), and metabolic function (ACAT1, BDH1, MCU, IGFBP3, IGFBP5) were selected and analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Butyrate flux was not significantly affected by LPS exposure; however, we detected a tendency for the mucosal-to-serosal butyrate flux to increase linearly with LPS dose. Bidirectional releases of BHB and IL1B were not affected by LPS exposure. Expression of PTGS2, TGFB1, TLR4, and MCU were downregulated following exposure to LPS ex vivo. We detected no effects on the expression of genes associated with nutrient transport. The results of the present study are interpreted to indicate that, although the inflammatory response of the ruminal epithelium was slightly suppressed, exposure to LPS may have altered metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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120
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Kumari R, Palaniyandi S, Hildebrandt GC. Metabolic Reprogramming-A New Era How to Prevent and Treat Graft Versus Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Has Begun. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:588449. [PMID: 33343357 PMCID: PMC7748087 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.588449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the solitary therapeutic therapy for many types of hematological cancers. The benefits of this procedure are challenged by graft vs. host disease (GVHD), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in the metabolomics field have revolutionized our understanding of complex human diseases, clinical diagnostics and allow to trace the de novo biosynthesis of metabolites. There is growing evidence for metabolomics playing a role in different aspects of GVHD, and therefore metabolomic reprogramming presents a novel tool for this disease. Pre-transplant cytokine profiles and metabolic status of allogeneic transplant recipients is shown to be linked with a threat of acute GVHD. Immune reactions underlying the pathophysiology of GVHD involve higher proliferation and migration of immune cells to the target site, requiring shifts in energy supply and demand. Metabolic changes and reduced availability of oxygen result in tissue and cellular hypoxia which is extensive enough to trigger transcriptional and translational changes. T cells, major players in acute GVHD pathophysiology, show increased glucose uptake and glycolytic activity. Effector T (Teff) cells activated during nutrient limiting conditions in vitro or multiplying during GVHD in vivo, depend more on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Dyslipidemia, such as the increase of medium and long chain fatty and polyunsaturated acids in plasma of GVHD patients, has been observed. Sphingolipids associate with inflammatory conditions and cancer. Chronic GVHD (cGVHD) patients show reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and increased sulfur-containing metabolites post HSCT. Microbiota-derived metabolites such as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, bile acids, plasmalogens and short chain fatty acids vary significantly and affect allogeneic immune responses during acute GVHD. Considering the multitude of possibilities, how altered metabolomics are involved in GVHD biology, multi-timepoints related and multivariable biomarker panels for prognosticating and understanding GVHD are needed. In this review, we will discuss the recent work addressing metabolomics reprogramming to control GVHD in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerhard C. Hildebrandt
- Division of Hematology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Kent-Dennis C, Penner GB. Effects of a proinflammatory response on metabolic function of cultured, primary ruminal epithelial cells. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:1002-1017. [PMID: 33131809 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation of ruminal epithelium may occur during ruminal acidosis as a result of translocation and interaction of ruminal epithelial cells (REC) with molecules such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Such inflammation has been reported to alter cellular processes such as nutrient absorption, metabolic regulation, and energy substrate utilization in other cell types but has not been investigated for REC. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of LPS on metabolism of short-chain fatty acids by primary REC, as well as investigating the effects of media containing short-chain fatty acids on the proinflammatory response. Ruminal papillae from 9 yearling Speckle Park beef heifers were used to isolate and culture primary REC. Cells were grown in minimum essential medium (MEM) for 12 d before use and then reseeded in 24-well culture plates. The study was conducted as a 2 × 2 factorial, where cells were grown in unaltered MEM (REG) or medium containing 2 mM butyrate and 5 mM propionate (SCFA) with (50,000 EU/mL; +LPS) or without LPS (-LPS) for 24 h. Supernatant samples were collected for analysis of glucose and SCFA consumption. Cells were collected to determine the expression of mRNA for genes associated with inflammation (TNF, IL1B, CXCL2, CXCL8, PTGS2, and TLR4), purinergic signaling (P2RX7, ADORAB2, and CD73), nutrient transport [SLC16A1 (MCT1), SLC16A3 (MCT4), SLC5A8, and MCU], and cell metabolism [ACAT1, SLC2A1 (GLUT1), IGFBP3, and IGFBP5]. Protein expression of TLR4 and ketogenic enzymes (BDH1 and HMGCS1) were also analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was conducted with the MIXED model of SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with medium, LPS exposure, and medium × LPS interaction as fixed effects and animal within plate as a random effect. Cells tended to consume more glucose when exposed to LPS as opposed to no LPS exposure (31.8 vs. 28.7 ± 2.7), but consumption of propionate and butyrate was not influenced by LPS. Expression of TNF and IL1B was upregulated when exposed to LPS, and expression of CXCL2 and CXCL8 increased following LPS exposure with SCFA (medium × LPS). For cells exposed to LPS, we found a downregulation of ACAT1 and IGFBP5 and an upregulation of SLC2A1, SLC16A3, MCU, and IGFBP3. Medium with SCFA led to greater expression of MCU. SLC16A1 was upregulated in cells incubated with SCFA and without LPS compared with the other groups. Protein expression of ketogenic enzymes was not affected; however, BDH1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expression tended to be less in cells exposed to LPS. These data are interpreted to indicate that when REC are exposed to LPS, they may increase glucose metabolism. Moreover, transport of solutes was affected by SCFA in the medium and by exposure to LPS. Overall, the results suggest that metabolic function of REC in vitro is altered by a proinflammatory response, which may lead to a greater glucose requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kent-Dennis
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
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Jahani M, Dokaneheifard S, Mansouri K. Hypoxia: A key feature of COVID-19 launching activation of HIF-1 and cytokine storm. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 33139969 PMCID: PMC7594974 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, disease caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, appeared in the end of 2019 and was rapidly spread in most countries. This respiratory virus has different symptoms from moderate to severe, and results in lung pneumonia following acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and patient’s death in severe cases. ARDS is a severe form of acute lung injury that is caused by high inflammatory response of the innate immunity cells. Hypoxia is the common feature in the inflammatory sites with having various impacts on this condition by induction of some factors such as hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α regulates some important cellular processes including cell proliferation, metabolism and angiogenesis. Furthermore, this factor is activated during the immune responses and plays important roles in the inflammation site by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines production through immune cells. So, in this study the possible effect of the HIF-1α on the COVID-19 pathogenesis with emphasizes on its role on innate immunity response has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Jahani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136 USA
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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123
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Montes de Oca M, de Labastida Rivera F, Winterford C, Frame TCM, Ng SS, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Bukali L, Wang Y, Uzonna JE, Kuns RD, Zhang P, Kabat A, Klein Geltink RI, Pearce EJ, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. IL-27 signalling regulates glycolysis in Th1 cells to limit immunopathology during infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008994. [PMID: 33049000 PMCID: PMC7584222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is critical for controlling pathogens, but also responsible for symptoms of infectious diseases. IL-27 is an important regulator of inflammation and can limit development of IFNγ-producing Tbet+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells. IL-27 is thought to do this by stimulating IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells, but the underlying mechanisms of these immunoregulatory pathways are not clear. Here we studied the role of IL-27 signalling in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. We found IL-27 signalling was critical for the development of IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells during infection. Furthermore, in the absence of IL-27 signalling, there was improved control of parasite growth, but accelerated splenic pathology characterised by the loss of marginal zone macrophages. Critically, we discovered that IL-27 signalling limited glycolysis in Th1 cells during infection that in turn attenuated inflammation. Furthermore, the modulation of glycolysis in the absence of IL-27 signalling restricted tissue pathology without compromising anti-parasitic immunity. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which IL-27 mediates immune regulation during disease by regulating cellular metabolism. Infectious diseases like visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum are associated with an inflammatory response generated by the host. This is needed to control parasite growth, but also contributes to the symptoms of disease. Consequently, these inflammatory responses need to be tightly regulated. Although we now recognize many of the cells and molecules involved in controlling inflammation, the underlying mechanisms mediating immune regulation are unclear. CD4+ T cells are critical drivers of inflammatory responses during infections and as they progress from a naïve to activated state, the metabolic pathways they use have to change to meet the new energy demands required to proliferate and produce effector molecules. In this study, we discovered that the inflammatory CD4+ T cells needed to control L. donovani infection switch from relying on mitochondrial oxidative pathways to glycolysis. Critically, we found the cytokine IL-27 limited glycolysis in these inflammatory CD4+ T cells, and in the absence of IL-27 signaling pathways, these cells expanded more rapidly to better control parasite growth, but also caused increased tissue damage in the spleen. However, pharmacological dampening of glycolysis in inflammatory CD4+ T cells in L. donovani-infected mice lacking IL-27 signaling pathways limited tissue damage without affecting their improved anti-parasitic activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the pathogenic activity of inflammatory CD4+ T cells can be modulated by altering their cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Montes de Oca
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabian de Labastida Rivera
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Teija C. M. Frame
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanna S. Ng
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona H. Amante
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chelsea L. Edwards
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luzia Bukali
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rachel D. Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Kabat
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Edward J. Pearce
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Ahn SS, Yoon T, Song JJ, Park YB, Lee SW. Lipid Profiles in Anti-neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis: A Cross-sectional Analysis. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2020. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2020.27.4.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Korea
| | - Taejun Yoon
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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125
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Lynch Kelly D, Farhadfar N, Starkweather A, Garrett TJ, Yao Y, Wingard JR, Mahmud I, Menzies V, Patel P, Alabasi KM, Lyon D. Global Metabolomics in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients Discordant for Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:1803-1810. [PMID: 32592859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a significant late effect issue for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) survivors, contributing to morbidity and mortality. The etiology of cGVHD is not well elucidated. Owing to a lack of early diagnostic tests and pathophysiology ambiguity, targeted treatments remain limited. Biomarkers for prediction, control response, or prognostication have not yet been identified. Metabolomics, the quantification of metabolites, is a potential biomarker of cGVHD but has not been evaluated in this population. In this study, we examined global metabolites of stored plasma to identify differentially expressed metabolites of individuals discordant for cGVHD following allo-HCT. A descriptive, comparative, cross-sectional study design was used to examine differentially expressed metabolites of plasma samples obtained from 40 adult allo-HCT recipients (20 with cGVHD and 20 without cGVHD) from 2 parent studies. Metabolomics profiling was conducted at the University of Florida's Southeast Center for Integrative Metabolomics. Full experimental methods followed a previously published method. All statistical analyses were performed by a PhD-prepared, trained bioinformatics statistician. There were 10 differentially expressed metabolites between participants with cGVHD and those without cGVHD. Differential metabolites included those related to energy metabolism (n = 3), amino acid metabolism (n = 3), lipid metabolism (n = 2), caffeine metabolism (n = 1), and neurotransmission (n = 1). Serotonin had the greatest fold change (21.01). This study suggests that cGVHD may be associated with expanded cellular energy and potentially mitochondrial dysfunction. The differential metabolic profile between patients with and without cGVHD indicates metabolic perturbations that merit further exploration as potential biomarkers of cGVHD. These findings support the need for further examination using a larger, prospective study design to identify metabolomic risk factors that may signal the need for earlier preventive measures and earlier treatment to reduce cGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nosha Farhadfar
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yingwei Yao
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John R Wingard
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Param Patel
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Karima M Alabasi
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Debra Lyon
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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126
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Giraudo C, Kainberger F, Boesen M, Trattnig S. Quantitative Imaging in Inflammatory Arthritis: Between Tradition and Innovation. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020; 24:337-354. [PMID: 32992363 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1708823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiologic imaging is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring rheumatic inflammatory diseases. Particularly the emerging approach of precision medicine has increased the interest in quantitative imaging. Extensive research has shown that ultrasound allows a quantification of direct signs such as bone erosions and synovial thickness. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (CT) contribute to the quantitative assessment of secondary signs such as osteoporosis or lean mass loss. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using different techniques and sequences, permits in-depth evaluations. For instance, the perfusion of the inflamed synovium can be quantified by dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging or diffusion-weighted imaging, and cartilage injury can be assessed by mapping (T1ρ, T2). Furthermore, the increased metabolic activity characterizing the inflammatory response can be reliably assessed by hybrid imaging (positron emission tomography [PET]/CT, PET/MRI). Finally, advances in intelligent systems are pushing forward quantitative imaging. Complex mathematical algorithms of lesions' segmentation and advanced pattern recognition are showing promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine, DIMED, Radiology Institute, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Franz Kainberger
- Division of Neuro- and Musculoskeletal Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikael Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field MR Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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127
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Photoacoustic Imaging for Assessing Tissue Oxygenation Changes in Rat Hepatic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10090705. [PMID: 32957666 PMCID: PMC7555416 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver inflammation progressively evokes fibrosis and cirrhosis resulting in compromised liver function, and often leading to cancer. Early diagnosis and staging of fibrosis is crucial because the five-year survival rate of early-stage liver cancer is high. This study investigates the progression of hepatic fibrosis induced in rats following ingestion of diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Changes in oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration resulting from chronic inflammation were assayed longitudinally during DEN ingestion by photoacoustic imaging (PAI). Accompanying liver tissue changes were monitored simultaneously by B-mode sonographic imaging. Oxygen saturation and hemoglobin levels in the liver increased over 5 weeks and peaked at 10 weeks before decreasing at 13 weeks of DEN ingestion. The oxygenation changes were accompanied by an increase in hepatic echogenicity and coarseness in the ultrasound image. Histology at 13 weeks confirmed the development of severe fibrosis and cirrhosis. The observed increase in PA signal representing enhanced blood oxygenation is likely an inflammatory physiological response to the dietary DEN insult that increases blood flow by the development of neovasculature to supply oxygen to a fibrotic liver during the progression of hepatic fibrosis. Assessment of oxygenation by PAI may play an important role in the future assessment of hepatic fibrosis.
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128
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Khanimov I, Ditch M, Adler H, Giryes S, Felner Burg N, Boaz M, Leibovitz E. Prediction of Hypoglycemia During Admission of Non-Critically Ill Patients: Results from the MENU Study. Horm Metab Res 2020; 52:660-668. [PMID: 32629515 DOI: 10.1055/a-1181-8781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the work was to study admission parameters associated with an increased incidence of hypoglycemia during hospitalization of non-critically ill patients. Included in this cross-sectional study were patients admitted to internal medicine units. The Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002) was used for nutritional screening. Data recorded included admission serum albumin (ASA) and all glucose measurements obtained by the institutional blood glucose monitoring system. Neither of these are included in the NRS2002 metrics. Hypoalbuminemia was defined as ASA<3.5 g/dl. Patients were categorized as hypoglycemic if they had at least one documented glucose≤70 mg/dl during the hospitalization period. Included were 1342 patients [median age 75 years (IQR 61-84), 51.3% male, 52.5% with diabetes mellitus, (DM)], who were screened during three distinct periods of time from 2011-2018. The incidence of hypoglycemia was 10.8% with higher rates among DM patients (14.6 vs. 6.6%, p<0.001). Hypoglycemia incidence was negatively associated with ASA regardless of DM status. Multivariable regression showed that ASA (OR 0.550 per g/dl, 95% CI 0.387-0.781, p=0.001) and positive NRS2002 (OR 1.625, 95% CI 1.072-2.465, p=0.022) were significantly associated with hypoglycemia. The addition of hypoalbuminemia status to the NRS2002 tool improved the overall sensitivity from 0.55 to 0.71, but reduced specificity from 0.63 to 0.46. The negative predictive value was 0.93. Our data suggest that the combination of positive malnutrition screen and hypoalbuminemia upon admission are independently associated with the incidence of hypoglycemia among non-critically ill patients, regardless of diabetes mellitus status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Khanimov
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Meital Ditch
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Henriett Adler
- Department of Internal Medicine F, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Sami Giryes
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Noa Felner Burg
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Edith Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Mona Boaz
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Eyal Leibovitz
- Department of Internal Medicine A, Yoseftal Hospital, Eilat, Israel
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dos Santos Guilherme M, Zevallos VF, Pesi A, Stoye NM, Nguyen VTT, Radyushkin K, Schwiertz A, Schmitt U, Schuppan D, Endres K. Dietary Wheat Amylase Trypsin Inhibitors Impact Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in 5xFAD Model Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176288. [PMID: 32878020 PMCID: PMC7503408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) represent a common dietary protein component of gluten-containing cereals (wheat, rye, and barley). They act as toll-like receptor 4 ligands, and are largely resistant to intestinal proteases, eliciting a mild inflammatory response within the intestine after oral ingestion. Importantly, nutritional ATIs exacerbated inflammatory bowel disease and features of fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome in mice. For Alzheimer’s disease (AD), both inflammation and altered insulin resistance are major contributing factors, impacting onset as well as progression of this devastating brain disorder in patients. In this study, we evaluated the impact of dietary ATIs on a well-known rodent model of AD (5xFAD). We assessed metabolic, behavioral, inflammatory, and microbial changes in mice consuming different dietary regimes with and without ATIs, consumed ad libitum for eight weeks. We demonstrate that ATIs, with or without a gluten matrix, had an impact on the metabolism and gut microbiota of 5xFAD mice, aggravating pathological hallmarks of AD. If these findings can be translated to patients, an ATI-depleted diet might offer an alternative therapeutic option for AD and warrants clinical intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena dos Santos Guilherme
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
| | - Victor F. Zevallos
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.F.Z.); (A.P.)
- Nutrition and Food Research Group, Department of Applied and Health Sciences, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Aline Pesi
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.F.Z.); (A.P.)
| | - Nicolai M. Stoye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
| | - Vu Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schmitt
- Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research, 55122 Mainz, Germany; (K.R.); (U.S.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (V.F.Z.); (A.P.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (K.E.); Tel.: +49-6131-177356 (D.S.); +49-6131-172133 (K.E.)
| | - Kristina Endres
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.d.S.G.); (N.M.S.); (V.T.T.N.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.); (K.E.); Tel.: +49-6131-177356 (D.S.); +49-6131-172133 (K.E.)
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Abstract
Antiretroviral therapies efficiently block HIV-1 replication but need to be maintained for life. Moreover, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV-1 infection that persists despite treatment. There is, therefore, an urgent need to better understand the mechanisms driving HIV-1 pathogenesis and to identify new targets for therapeutic intervention. In the past few years, the decisive role of cellular metabolism in the fate and activity of immune cells has been uncovered, as well as its impact on the outcome of infectious diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that immunometabolism has a key role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. The metabolic pathways of CD4+ T cells and macrophages determine their susceptibility to infection, the persistence of infected cells and the establishment of latency. Immunometabolism also shapes immune responses against HIV-1, and cell metabolic products are key drivers of inflammation during infection. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge of the links between HIV-1 infection and immunometabolism, and we discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for therapeutic interventions.
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131
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Bharath LP, Agrawal M, McCambridge G, Nicholas DA, Hasturk H, Liu J, Jiang K, Liu R, Guo Z, Deeney J, Apovian CM, Snyder-Cappione J, Hawk GS, Fleeman RM, Pihl RMF, Thompson K, Belkina AC, Cui L, Proctor EA, Kern PA, Nikolajczyk BS. Metformin Enhances Autophagy and Normalizes Mitochondrial Function to Alleviate Aging-Associated Inflammation. Cell Metab 2020; 32:44-55.e6. [PMID: 32402267 PMCID: PMC7217133 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Age is a non-modifiable risk factor for the inflammation that underlies age-associated diseases; thus, anti-inflammaging drugs hold promise for increasing health span. Cytokine profiling and bioinformatic analyses showed that Th17 cytokine production differentiates CD4+ T cells from lean, normoglycemic older and younger subjects, and mimics a diabetes-associated Th17 profile. T cells from older compared to younger subjects also had defects in autophagy and mitochondrial bioenergetics that associate with redox imbalance. Metformin ameliorated the Th17 inflammaging profile by increasing autophagy and improving mitochondrial bioenergetics. By contrast, autophagy-targeting siRNA disrupted redox balance in T cells from young subjects and activated the Th17 profile by activating the Th17 master regulator, STAT3, which in turn bound IL-17A and F promoters. Mitophagy-targeting siRNA failed to activate the Th17 profile. We conclude that metformin improves autophagy and mitochondrial function largely in parallel to ameliorate a newly defined inflammaging profile that echoes inflammation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Madhur Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Grace McCambridge
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Dequina A Nicholas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jing Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jude Deeney
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Apovian
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer Snyder-Cappione
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory S Hawk
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rebecca M Fleeman
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Riley M F Pihl
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anna C Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Licong Cui
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Departments of Neurosurgery and Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Engineering Science & Mechanics and Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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132
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Habel J, Sundrum A. Mismatch of Glucose Allocation between Different Life Functions in the Transition Period of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1028. [PMID: 32545739 PMCID: PMC7341265 DOI: 10.3390/ani10061028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cell functions such as phagocytosis and synthesis of immunometabolites, as well as immune cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, largely depend on an adequate availability of glucose by immune cells. During inflammation, the glucose demands of the immune system may increase to amounts similar to those required for high milk yields. Similar metabolic pathways are involved in the adaptation to both lactation and inflammation, including changes in the somatotropic axis and glucocorticoid response, as well as adipokine and cytokine release. They affect (i) cell growth, proliferation and activation, which determines the metabolic activity and thus the glucose demand of the respective cells; (ii) the overall availability of glucose through intake, mobilization and gluconeogenesis; and (iii) glucose uptake and utilization by different tissues. Metabolic adaptation to inflammation and milk synthesis is interconnected. An increased demand of one life function has an impact on the supply and utilization of glucose by competing life functions, including glucose receptor expression, blood flow and oxidation characteristics. In cows with high genetic merits for milk production, changes in the somatotropic axis affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as immune functions are profound. The ability to cut down milk synthesis during periods when whole-body demand exceeds the supply is limited. Excessive mobilization and allocation of glucose to the mammary gland are likely to contribute considerably to peripartal immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Habel
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Animal Health, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Nordbahnhofstr. 1a, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;
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Park SK, Kim HN, Choi CH, Im JP, Cha JM, Eun CS, Kim TO, Kang SB, Bang KB, Kim HG, Jung Y, Yoon H, Han DS, Lee CW, Ahn K, Kim HL, Park DI. Differentially Abundant Bacterial Taxa Associated with Prognostic Variables of Crohn's Disease: Results from the IMPACT Study. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E1748. [PMID: 32516912 PMCID: PMC7357029 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited studies have examined the intestinal microbiota composition in relation to Crohn's disease (CD) prognosis. We analyzed the differences in microbial communities and relevant metabolic pathways associated with prognostic variables in patients with CD. We applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze a cohort of 1110 CD and healthy control (HC) fecal samples. We categorized patients with CD into good (CD-G), intermediate (CD-I) and poor (CD-P) prognosis groups, according to the history of using biologics and intestinal resection. Microbiota α-diversity decreased more in CD-P than CD-G and CD-I. Microbiota ß-diversity in CD-P differed from that in CD-G and CD-I. Thirteen genera and 10 species showed differential abundance between CD-G and CD-P groups. Escherichia coli (p = 0.001) and species Producta (p = 0.01) and genera Lactobacillus (p = 0.003) and Coprococcus (p = 0.01) consistently showed differences between CD-G and CD-P groups after adjusting for confounding variables. Functional profiling suggested that the microbial catabolic pathways and pathways related to enterobacterial common antigen and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were better represented in the CD-P group than in the CD-G group, and E. coli were the top contributors to these pathways. CD prognosis is associated with altered microbiota composition and decreased diversity, and E. coli might be causally involved in CD progression, and may have adapted to live in inflammatory environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-kyung Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; (H.-N.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Seoul 06193, Korea; (C.H.C.); (J.P.I.); (T.-O.K.); (H.Y.)
| | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; (H.-N.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03063, Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Seoul 06193, Korea; (C.H.C.); (J.P.I.); (T.-O.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Seoul 06193, Korea; (C.H.C.); (J.P.I.); (T.-O.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea; (C.S.E.); (D.-S.H.)
| | - Tae-Oh Kim
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Seoul 06193, Korea; (C.H.C.); (J.P.I.); (T.-O.K.); (H.Y.)
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Korea;
| | - Ki Bae Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Hyun Gun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea;
| | - Yunho Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Seoul 06193, Korea; (C.H.C.); (J.P.I.); (T.-O.K.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea; (C.S.E.); (D.-S.H.)
| | - Chil-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; (H.-N.K.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Kwangsung Ahn
- Functional Genome Institute, PDXen Biosystems Inc., Daejeon 34129, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea;
| | - Dong Il Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea;
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea; (H.-N.K.); (C.-W.L.)
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases, Seoul 06193, Korea; (C.H.C.); (J.P.I.); (T.-O.K.); (H.Y.)
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134
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Shook BA, Wasko RR, Mano O, Rutenberg-Schoenberg M, Rudolph MC, Zirak B, Rivera-Gonzalez GC, López-Giráldez F, Zarini S, Rezza A, Clark DA, Rendl M, Rosenblum MD, Gerstein MB, Horsley V. Dermal Adipocyte Lipolysis and Myofibroblast Conversion Are Required for Efficient Skin Repair. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:880-895.e6. [PMID: 32302523 PMCID: PMC7853423 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mature adipocytes store fatty acids and are a common component of tissue stroma. Adipocyte function in regulating bone marrow, skin, muscle, and mammary gland biology is emerging, but the role of adipocyte-derived lipids in tissue homeostasis and repair is poorly understood. Here, we identify an essential role for adipocyte lipolysis in regulating inflammation and repair after injury in skin. Genetic mouse studies revealed that dermal adipocytes are necessary to initiate inflammation after injury and promote subsequent repair. We find through histological, ultrastructural, lipidomic, and genetic experiments in mice that adipocytes adjacent to skin injury initiate lipid release necessary for macrophage inflammation. Tamoxifen-inducible genetic lineage tracing of mature adipocytes and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that dermal adipocytes alter their fate and generate ECM-producing myofibroblasts within wounds. Thus, adipocytes regulate multiple aspects of repair and may be therapeutic for inflammatory diseases and defective wound healing associated with aging and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Shook
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Renee R Wasko
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Omer Mano
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rutenberg-Schoenberg
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, USA
| | - Bahar Zirak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Simona Zarini
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Amélie Rezza
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Damon A Clark
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Michael Rendl
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA; Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 11766, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Mark B Gerstein
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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135
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The Effect of Zearalenone on the Cytokine Environment, Oxidoreductive Balance and Metabolism in Porcine Ileal Peyer's Patches. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060350. [PMID: 32471145 PMCID: PMC7354554 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of zearalenone (ZEN), administered per os to gilts at doses equivalent to 50%, 100%, and 150% of no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) values for 14, 28, and 42 days during weaning, on changes in the parameters of the oxidoreductive balance, cytokine secretion, and basal metabolism in ileal Payer’s patches. Immunoenzymatic ELISA tests and biochemical methods were used to measure the concentrations of interleukin 1α, interleukin 1β, interleukin 12/23p40, interleukin 2, interferon γ, interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 8, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 10, transforming growth factor β, malondialdehyde, sulfhydryl groups, fructose, glucose, and proline, as well as the activity of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The study demonstrated that ZEN doses corresponding to 50%, 100%, and 150% of NOAEL values, i.e., 5 µg, 10 µg, and 15 µg ZEN/kg BW, respectively, have proinflammatory properties, exacerbate oxidative stress responses, and disrupt basal metabolism in ileal Payer’s patches in gilts.
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136
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Ghosh N, Choudhury P, Kaushik SR, Arya R, Nanda R, Bhattacharyya P, Roychowdhury S, Banerjee R, Chaudhury K. Metabolomic fingerprinting and systemic inflammatory profiling of asthma COPD overlap (ACO). Respir Res 2020; 21:126. [PMID: 32448302 PMCID: PMC7245917 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) refers to a group of poorly studied and characterised patients reporting with disease presentations of both asthma and COPD, thereby making both diagnosis and treatment challenging for the clinicians. They exhibit a higher burden in terms of both mortality and morbidity in comparison to patients with only asthma or COPD. The pathophysiology of the disease and its existence as a unique disease entity remains unclear. The present study aims to determine whether ACO has a distinct metabolic and immunological mediator profile in comparison to asthma and COPD. Methods Global metabolomic profiling using two different groups of patients [discovery (D) and validation (V)] were conducted. Serum samples obtained from moderate and severe asthma [n = 34(D); n = 32(V)], moderate and severe COPD [n = 30(D); 32(V)], ACO patients [n = 35(D); 40(V)] and healthy controls [n = 33(D)] were characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multiplexed analysis of 25 immunological markers (IFN-γ (interferon gamma), TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-12p70 (interleukin 12p70), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, TGF-β (transforming growth factor), IL-6, IL-17E, IL-21, IL-23, eotaxin, GM-CSF (granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor), IFN-α (interferon alpha), IL-18, NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), periostin, TSLP (thymic stromal lymphopoietin), MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein- 1), YKL-40 (chitinase 3 like 1) and IL-8) was also performed in the discovery cohort. Results Eleven metabolites [serine, threonine, ethanolamine, glucose, cholesterol, 2-palmitoylglycerol, stearic acid, lactic acid, linoleic acid, D-mannose and succinic acid] were found to be significantly altered in ACO as compared with asthma and COPD. The levels and expression trends were successfully validated in a fresh cohort of subjects. Thirteen immunological mediators including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-17E, GM-CSF, IL-18, NGAL, IL-5, IL-10, MCP-1, YKL-40, IFN-γ, IL-6 and TGF-β showed distinct expression patterns in ACO. These markers and metabolites exhibited significant correlation with each other and also with lung function parameters. Conclusions The energy metabolites, cholesterol and fatty acids correlated significantly with the immunological mediators, suggesting existence of a possible link between the inflammatory status of these patients and impaired metabolism. The present findings could be possibly extended to better define the ACO diagnostic criteria, management and tailoring therapies exclusively for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Priyanka Choudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Sandeep Rai Kaushik
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Arya
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjan Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Rintu Banerjee
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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137
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Jaeger M, Matzaraki V, Aguirre-Gamboa R, Gresnigt MS, Chu X, Johnson MD, Oosting M, Smeekens SP, Withoff S, Jonkers I, Perfect JR, van de Veerdonk FL, Kullberg BJ, Joosten LAB, Li Y, Wijmenga C, Netea MG, Kumar V. A Genome-Wide Functional Genomics Approach Identifies Susceptibility Pathways to Fungal Bloodstream Infection in Humans. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:862-872. [PMID: 31241743 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidemia, one of the most common causes of fungal bloodstream infection, leads to mortality rates up to 40% in affected patients. Understanding genetic mechanisms for differential susceptibility to candidemia may aid in designing host-directed therapies. METHODS We performed the first genome-wide association study on candidemia, and we integrated these data with variants that affect cytokines in different cellular systems stimulated with Candida albicans. RESULTS We observed strong association between candidemia and a variant, rs8028958, that significantly affects the expression levels of PLA2G4B in blood. We found that up to 35% of the susceptibility loci affect in vitro cytokine production in response to Candida. Furthermore, potential causal genes located within these loci are enriched for lipid and arachidonic acid metabolism. Using an independent cohort, we also showed that the numbers of risk alleles at these loci are negatively correlated with reactive oxygen species and interleukin-6 levels in response to Candida. Finally, there was a significant correlation between susceptibility and allelic scores based on 16 independent candidemia-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms that affect monocyte-derived cytokines, but not with T cell-derived cytokines. CONCLUSIONS Our results prioritize the disturbed lipid homeostasis and oxidative stress as potential mechanisms that affect monocyte-derived cytokines to influence susceptibility to candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jaeger
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vasiliki Matzaraki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
| | - Raúl Aguirre-Gamboa
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaojing Chu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
| | - Melissa D Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Marije Oosting
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne P Smeekens
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
| | - Iris Jonkers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart-Jan Kullberg
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands.,K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, the Netherlands
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138
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Modulatory Effect of Nicotinic Acid on the Metabolism of Caco-2 Cells Exposed to IL-1β and LPS. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050204. [PMID: 32429415 PMCID: PMC7281454 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are the most common gastrointestinal inflammatory pathologies. Previous work evidenced a lower content of nicotinic acid (NA) in feces of IBD patients compared to healthy subjects. In the present study, we aimed to understand the effects of NA on intestinal inflammation, as several studies reported its possible beneficial effect, and investigate its influence on inflammation-driven metabolism. NA was tested on a Caco-2 in-vitro model in which inflammation was induced with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), two mayor proinflammatory compounds produced in IBD, that stimulate the production of cytokines, such as interleukin 8. A metabolomics approach, with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear proton magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), was applied to study the metabolic changes. The results showed that NA significantly reduced the level of IL-8 produced in both LPS and IL-1β stimulated cells, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of NA also on intestinal inflammation. Moreover, it was demonstrated that NA treatment had a restoring effect on several metabolites whose levels were modified by treatments with IL-1β or LPS. This study points out a possible use of NA as anti-inflammatory compound and might be considered as a promising starting point in understanding the beneficial effect of NA in IBD.
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139
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Nair HKR. Non-healing venous leg ulcer. J Wound Care 2020; 29:S26-S27. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup5b.s26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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140
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Boey J. Arteriovenous foot ulcer. J Wound Care 2020; 29:S24-S25. [PMID: 32427029 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup5b.s24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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141
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Boey J. Delayed healing following amputation of the fifth ray. J Wound Care 2020; 29:S23-S24. [PMID: 32427028 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup5b.s23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Boey
- Podiatrist, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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142
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Abstract
Not only does oxygen play an essential role in each stage of the wound healing process. It also helps to increases host resistance to infection. Any impairment to the oxygen supply can therefore delay healing. This article explores the affects of oxygen on the wound cells and tissue, and explains how an adequate supply is required for granulation tissue formation and epithelialisation to occur
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibby Younis
- Consultant Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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143
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Hicks L. Diabetic foot ulcer with osteomyelitis. J Wound Care 2020; 29:S27-S29. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2020.29.sup5b.s27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hicks
- Advanced Podiatrist, County Durham and Darlington NHS Foundation Trust, Darlington, UK
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144
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Qian S, Pan J, Su Y, Tang Y, Wang Y, Zou Y, Zhao Y, Ma H, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Guo L, Tang QQ. BMPR2 promotes fatty acid oxidation and protects white adipocytes from cell death in mice. Commun Biol 2020; 3:200. [PMID: 32350411 PMCID: PMC7190840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte cell death is pathologically involved in both obesity and lipodystrophy. Inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokines are generally regarded as inducers for adipocyte apoptosis, but whether some innate defects affect their susceptibility to cell death has not been extensively studied. Here, we found bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 (BMPR2) knockout adipocytes were prone to cell death, which involved both apoptosis and pyroptosis. BMPR2 deficiency in adipocytes inhibited phosphorylation of perilipin, a lipid-droplet-coating protein, and impaired lipolysis when stimulated by tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), which lead to failure of fatty acid oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, impaired lipolysis was associated with mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and pyroptosis as well as elevated inflammation. These results suggest that BMPR2 is important for maintaining the functional integrity of adipocytes and their ability to survive when interacting with inflammatory factors, which may explain why adipocytes among individuals show discrepancy for death responses in inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Qian
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabao Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Su
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yina Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Youyou Zhang
- Center for Research on Reproduction & Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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145
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups have implicated a prominent role for oxygen metabolism and hypoxia in innate immunity of healthy tissue (physiologic hypoxia) and during active inflammation (inflammatory hypoxia). This inflammatory hypoxia emanates from a combination of recruited inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), high rates of oxidative metabolism, and the activation of multiple oxygen-consuming enzymes during inflammation. These localized shifts toward hypoxia have identified a prominent role for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the regulation of innate immunity. Such studies have provided new and enlightening insight into our basic understanding of immune mechanisms, and extensions of these findings have identified potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent literature around the topic of innate immunity and mucosal hypoxia with a focus on transcriptional responses mediated by HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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146
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Piotrowski I, Kulcenty K, Suchorska W. Interplay between inflammation and cancer. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:422-427. [PMID: 32372882 PMCID: PMC7191124 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-promoting inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. It has been shown that cancer development is strongly influenced by both chronic and acute inflammation process. Progress in research on inflammation revealed a connection between inflammatory processes and neoplastic transformation, the progression of tumour, and the development of metastases and recurrences. Moreover, the tumour invasive procedures (both surgery and biopsy) affect the remaining tumour cells by increasing their survival, proliferation and migration. One of the concepts explaining this phenomena is an induction of a wound healing response. While in normal tissue it is necessary for tissue repair, in tumour tissue, induction of adaptive and innate immune response related to wound healing, stimulates tumour cell survival, angiogenesis and extravasation of circulating tumour cells. It has become evident that certain types of immune response and immune cells can promote tumour progression more than others. In this review, we focus on current knowledge on carcinogenesis and promotion of cancer growth induced by inflammatory processes.
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Key Words
- ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like 4
- CDH1, cadherin 1
- COX, cyclooxygenase
- Cancer
- EMT, epithelail to mesenchymal transition
- EP, receptor - prostaglandin receptor
- GI, gastrointensinal cancer
- IL-6, interleukin 6
- Inflammation
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- NADPH, nicotynamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen
- NFκB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
- NK, natural killer cells
- NO, nitric oxide
- NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- PGE2, prostaglandin E2
- PTHrP, parathyroid hormone related protein
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxigen species
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TGFBRII, transforming growth factor, beta receptor II
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor α
- TNFR1, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
- TNFR2, Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
- Tumor reccurence
- VEGF, vascular endothelail growth factor
- bFGF, fibroblast growth factor
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Piotrowski
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Electroradiology, University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulcenty
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Electroradiology, University of Medical Sciences, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Suchorska
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 Street, 61-866 Poznań, Poland
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147
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Integrated omics profiling of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitic mice supplemented with Wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum). NPJ Sci Food 2020; 4:5. [PMID: 32258419 PMCID: PMC7109062 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-020-0065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a multi-omics profiling approach to investigate the suppressive effects of 2% Wolfberry (WOL)-enriched diets on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. It was observed that in mice fed the WOL diet, the disease activity index, colon shortening, plasma concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and relative mesenteric fat weight were significantly improved as compared to the DSS group. Results from colon transcriptome and proteome profiles showed that WOL supplementation significantly ameliorated the expression of genes and proteins associated with the integrity of the colonic mucosal wall and colonic inflammation. Based on the hepatic transcriptome, proteome and metabolome data, genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, proteins involved in inflammation and metabolites related to glycolysis were downregulated in WOL mice, leading to lowered inflammation and changes in these molecules may have led to improvement in body weight loss. The integrated nutrigenomic approach thus revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of whole WOL fruit consumption on inflammatory bowel disease.
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148
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Alvarez F, Al-Aubodah TA, Yang YH, Piccirillo CA. Mechanisms of T REG cell adaptation to inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:559-571. [PMID: 32202345 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0120-196r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important defense mechanism. In this complex and dynamic process, drastic changes in the tissue micro-environment play key roles in dictating the nature of the evolving immune response. However, uncontrolled inflammation is detrimental, leading to unwanted cellular damage, loss of physiological functions, and even death. As such, the immune system possesses tools to limit inflammation while ensuring rapid and effective clearance of the inflammatory trigger. Foxp3+ regulatory T (TREG ) cells, a potently immunosuppressive CD4+ T cell subset, play a crucial role in immune tolerance by controlling the extent of the response to self and non-self Ags, all-the-while promoting a quick return to immune homeostasis. TREG cells adapt to changes in the local micro-environment enabling them to migrate, proliferate, survive, differentiate, and tailor their suppressive ability at inflamed sites. Several inflammation-associated factors can impact TREG cell functional adaptation in situ including locally released alarmins, oxygen availability, tissue acidity and osmolarity and nutrient availability. Here, we review some of these key signals and pathways that control the adaptation of TREG cell function in inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tho-Alfakar Al-Aubodah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yujian H Yang
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ciriaco A Piccirillo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, Centre for Translational Biology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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149
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Khan MS, Kim JS, Hwang J, Choi Y, Lee K, Kwon Y, Jang J, Yoon S, Yang CS, Choi J. Effective delivery of mycophenolic acid by oxygen nanobubbles for modulating immunosuppression. Theranostics 2020; 10:3892-3904. [PMID: 32226527 PMCID: PMC7086369 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are crucial for preventing acute graft rejection or autoimmune diseases. They are generally small molecules that require suitable drug carriers for ensuring stability, bioavailability, and longer half-life. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is an extensively studied immunosuppressive drug. However, it requires suitable carriers for overcoming clinical limitations. Currently, lipid-shelled micro- and nanobubbles are being thoroughly investigated for diagnostic and therapeutic applications, as they possess essential properties, such as injectability, smaller size, gaseous core, high surface area, higher drug payload, and enhanced cellular penetration. Phospholipids are biocompatible and biodegradable molecules, and can be functionalized according to specific requirements. Methods: In this study, we synthesized oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs) and loaded the hydrophobic MPA within the ONBs to generate ONB/MPA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with ONB/MPA to determine the suppression of immune response by measuring cytokine release. In vivo murine experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of ONB/MPA in the presence of inflammatory stimulants. Results: Our results suggest that ONBs successfully delivered MPA and reduced the release of cytokines, thereby controlling inflammation and significantly increasing the survival rate of animals. Conclusion: This method can be potentially used for implantation and for treating autoimmune diseases, wherein immunosuppression is desired.
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150
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Adaptation to inflammatory acidity through neutrophil-derived adenosine regulation of SLC26A3. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:230-244. [PMID: 31792360 PMCID: PMC7044055 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute intestinal inflammation includes the early accumulation of neutrophils (PMN). Based on recent evidence that PMN infiltration "imprints" changes in the local tissue environment through local oxygen depletion and the release of adenine nucleotides, we hypothesized that the interaction between transmigrating PMN and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) results in inflammatory acidification of the tissue. Using newly developed tools, we revealed that active PMN transepithelial migration (TEM) significantly acidifies the local microenvironment, a decrease of nearly 2 pH units. Using unbiased approaches, we sought to define acid-adaptive pathways elicited by PMN TEM. Given the significant amount of adenosine (Ado) generated during PMN TEM, we profiled the influence of Ado on IECs gene expression by microarray and identified the induction of SLC26A3, the major apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger in IECs. Utilizing loss- and gain-of-function approaches, as well as murine and human colonoids, we demonstrate that Ado-induced SLC26A3 promotes an adaptive IECs phenotype that buffers local pH during active inflammation. Extending these studies, chronic murine colitis models were used to demonstrate that SLC26A3 expression rebounds during chronic DSS-induced inflammation. In conclusion, Ado signaling during PMN TEM induces an adaptive tissue response to inflammatory acidification through the induction of SLC26A3 expression, thereby promoting pH homeostasis.
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