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Luo YT, Huang YT, Chiu V, Chang YW, Horng YS. Diagnostic meta-analysis of the efficacy of ultrasonography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: A comparison between Asian and non-Asian populations. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00302-4. [PMID: 38965008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasonography is used to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) according to various criteria. This diagnostic meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography for diagnosing CTS, focusing on the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve (MN) at the inlet of the carpal tunnel and regional variations in diagnostic thresholds between Asian and non-Asian populations. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Patient demographic data, diagnostic "gold standards", CSA cutoff values, and diagnostic results were extracted. Meta-analysis was performed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and optimal CSA cutoff values. RESULTS For the 25 included studies, a combined sensitivity of 88% and specificity of 84% for CSA measurements at the carpal tunnel inlet were obtained. The Asian group had a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 86%, while the non-Asian group had a sensitivity of 91% and specificity of 82%. The mean CSA in the Asian group was significantly lower than that in the non-Asian group (12.93 mm2 and 14.77 mm2, respectively; p = 0.042). For the Asian group, the summary receiver operating characteristic curve had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 with an optimal cutoff of 10.5 mm2; for the non-Asian group, an AUC of 0.94 was obtained with a cutoff of 11.5 mm2. CONCLUSION Ultrasonography is a reliable diagnostic method for CTS, with distinct optimal cutoff values observed between Asian and non-Asian populations. Therefore, population-specific diagnostic criteria for CTS are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ting Luo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Valeria Chiu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wei Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shiung Horng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Tzuchi Hospital, Buddhist Tzuchi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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102
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Sun YJ, Song J, Li XP, Wang XH, Wu YX, Huang JJ, Wang SB, Teng YY. Knowledge of Alzheimer's disease and associated factors among adults in Zhuhai, China: a cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1769. [PMID: 38961390 PMCID: PMC11220978 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the public knowledge regarding Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in Zhuhai, China, focusing on identifying knowledge gaps and the influence of demographic and health factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in Zhuhai, China, from October to November 2022. A total of 1986 residents from 18 communities were selected employing stratified multi-stage equi-proportional sampling. Questionnaires covering general information and the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) were investigated face-to-face. Ordinal multiclass logistic regression was applied to assess the relationship between AD awareness and demographic and health characteristics. RESULTS The average ADKS score was 18.5 (SD = 3.36) in Zhuhai. The lowest awareness rates were observed in the "Symptoms" and "Caregiving" subdomains of ADKS, with rates of 51.01% and 43.78%, respectively. The correct rates for the 30 ADKS questions ranged from 16.62 to 92.6%, showing a bimodal pattern with clusters around 80% and 20%. Women (OR = 1.203, 95% CI: 1.009-1.435), individuals aged 60 years or older (OR = 2.073, 95% CI: 1.467-2.932), those living in urban areas (OR = 1.361, 95% CI: 1.117-1.662), higher average monthly household income per capita (OR = 1.641, 95% CI: 1.297-2.082), and without any neurological or mental disorders (OR = 1.810, 95% CI: 1.323-2.478) were more likely to have higher levels of awareness about Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSIONS Adults in Zhuhai show a limited knowledge of AD, particularly in the 'Symptoms' and 'Caregiving' subdomains. Upcoming health campaigns must focus on bridging the knowledge gaps in different subdomains of AD, especially among subgroups with lower awareness, as identified in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Sun
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, 519000, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Air Pollution Health Effects and Intervention, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Xu-Ping Li
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, No.172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha City, Hunan Province, 410006, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, 519000, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Wu
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, 519000, China
| | - Jia-Ju Huang
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, 519000, China
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510080, China.
| | - Yong-Yong Teng
- The Third People's Hospital of Zhuhai, Zhuhai Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Zhuhai, Guangdong province, 519000, China.
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Aranda-Anzaldo A, Dent MAR, Segura-Anaya E, Martínez-Gómez A. Protein folding, cellular stress and cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 191:40-57. [PMID: 38969306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are acknowledged as the phenotypical manifestation of the genotype, because protein-coding genes carry the information for the strings of amino acids that constitute the proteins. It is widely accepted that protein function depends on the corresponding "native" structure or folding achieved within the cell, and that native protein folding corresponds to the lowest free energy minimum for a given protein. However, protein folding within the cell is a non-deterministic dissipative process that from the same input may produce different outcomes, thus conformational heterogeneity of folded proteins is the rule and not the exception. Local changes in the intracellular environment promote variation in protein folding. Hence protein folding requires "supervision" by a host of chaperones and co-chaperones that help their client proteins to achieve the folding that is most stable according to the local environment. Such environmental influence on protein folding is continuously transduced with the help of the cellular stress responses (CSRs) and this may lead to changes in the rules of engagement between proteins, so that the corresponding protein interactome could be modified by the environment leading to an alternative cellular phenotype. This allows for a phenotypic plasticity useful for adapting to sudden and/or transient environmental changes at the cellular level. Starting from this perspective, hereunder we develop the argument that the presence of sustained cellular stress coupled to efficient CSRs may lead to the selection of an aberrant phenotype as the resulting adaptation of the cellular proteome (and the corresponding interactome) to such stressful conditions, and this can be a common epigenetic pathway to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Aranda-Anzaldo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., Mexico.
| | - Myrna A R Dent
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., Mexico
| | - Edith Segura-Anaya
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan y Jesús Carranza s/n, Toluca, 50180, Edo. Méx., Mexico
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104
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Dimova PS, Metodiev D, Todorov T, Todorova A, Gabrovski K, Karazapryanov P, Penkov M, Todorov Y, Milenova Y, Stoyanova D, Minkin K. Clinical characteristics and multimodal imaging can help diagnosing and treating mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 2024. [PMID: 38953904 DOI: 10.1002/epd2.20261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia and epilepsy (MOGHE) is a recently described, histopathologically and molecularly defined (SLC35A2-mutated) type of cortical malformation. Although increasingly recognized, the diagnosis of MOGHE remains a challenge. We present the characteristics of the first six patients diagnosed in Bulgaria, with the aim to facilitate identification, proper presurgical evaluation, and surgical treatment approach in this disease. METHODS Revision of histopathological specimens of 202 patients operated on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy identified four cases with MOGHE. Another two were suggested, based on clinical characteristics and subsequently, were histologically confirmed. Sanger SLC35A2 sequencing on paraffin-embedded or fresh-frozen brain tissue was performed. Analysis of seizure types, neuropsychological profiles, electroencephalographic (EEG), imaging features and epilepsy surgery outcomes was done. RESULTS Three out of the six cases (50%) harbored pathogenic SLC35A2 mutations. One patient had a heterozygous somatic variant with uncertain significance. Clinical characteristics included epilepsy onset in infancy (in 100% under 3 years of age), multiple seizure types, and moderate or severe intellectual/developmental delay. Epileptic spasms with hypsarrhythmia on EEG were the initial seizure type in five patients. The subsequent seizure types resembled those in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The majority of the patients (n = 4) presented prominent and persisting autistic features. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multilobar (n = 6) and bilateral (n = 3) lesions, affecting the frontal lobes (n = 5; bilaterally in three) and characterized by increased signal on T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). Voxel-based morphometric MRI post-processing and positron emission tomography helped determining the localization and extent of the lesions and presumed epileptogenic zones. After surgery, four patients (66.7%) were seizure-free ≥2 years. Interestingly, all seizure-free patients carried somatic SLC35A2-alterations. SIGNIFICANCE Epileptic spasms, early prominent neuropsychological disturbances, MRI-T2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions with cortico-subcortical blurring, frequently multilobar and especially frontal, can preoperatively help to suspect MOGHE. Epilepsy surgery is still the only successful treatment option in MOGHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia S Dimova
- Epilepsy Surgery Center, Neurosurgery Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Metodiev
- Clinical Pathology, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tihomir Todorov
- "Genica" Genetic and Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- "Genica" Genetic and Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Gabrovski
- Epilepsy Surgery Center, Neurosurgery Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Peter Karazapryanov
- Epilepsy Surgery Center, Neurosurgery Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marin Penkov
- Radiology Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yuri Todorov
- Radiology Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Milenova
- Epilepsy Surgery Center, Neurosurgery Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitza Stoyanova
- Epilepsy Surgery Center, Neurosurgery Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Krassimir Minkin
- Epilepsy Surgery Center, Neurosurgery Department, St. Ivan Rilski University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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105
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Santoro JD, Demakakos P, He S, Kumar S, Murton M, Tennigkeit F, Hemingway C. A systematic review of the epidemiology of pediatric autoimmune encephalitis: disease burden and clinical decision-making. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1408606. [PMID: 39040538 PMCID: PMC11262030 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1408606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) comprises a group of rare, immune system-mediated conditions. Clinical manifestations among children are not well-characterized, and there are challenges in testing and diagnosis. This can result in treatment delays, which has been found to correlate with poorer long-term outcomes. This challenge is exacerbated by the scarcity of epidemiological reporting of AIE. The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) was to identify studies reporting epidemiological data on AIE in children. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the University of York Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD) were searched in May 2023 for studies reporting on the epidemiology of AIE in children. These were supplemented with additional searches of conference proceedings, gray literature, and the reference lists of identified SLRs. Quality of studies was assessed using a modified version of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist for Prevalence Studies. Results Forty-three publications reporting on 41 unique studies were included. Nine studies reported incidence estimates of different subtypes of AIE, with only one reporting the incidence of overall AIE in children ≤ 18 years, estimated at 1.54 per million children per year in the Netherlands. Three studies reported the incidence of pediatric N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-AIE [in United Kingdom (UK), Hong Kong, and Denmark]. The other studies reported incidence data for selected populations. Conclusion This SLR highlights a paucity of epidemiology data for AIE in children, which is likely reflective of difficulties in testing and diagnosis. There is a clear need for further research and awareness of these challenges in clinical practice to avoid treatment delays and improve patient outcomes. A deeper understanding of the epidemiology of AIE will help determine the worldwide burden of disease and inform research, health policies and clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Santoro
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Shiying He
- Costello Medical Singapore Ltd., Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swati Kumar
- Costello Medical Consulting Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Murton
- Costello Medical Consulting Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cheryl Hemingway
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
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Gupta P, Gupta A, Gupta K, Bansal S, Sharma M, Balakrishnan I. Prevalence, Outcomes, and Predictors of Prolonged Corrected QT Interval in Hydroxychloroquine-Naïve Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s12012-024-09886-x. [PMID: 38954228 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09886-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The studies regarding prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of prolonged corrected QT (QTc) among COVID-19 patients not on QTc-prolonging medication are not available in the literature. In this retrospective cohort study, the QTc of 295 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients was analyzed and its association with in-hospital mortality was determined. The QTc was prolonged in 14.6% (43/295) of the study population. Prolonged QTc was seen in patients with older age (P = 0.018), coronary artery disease (P = 0.001), congestive heart failure (P = 0.042), elevated N-terminal-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP) (P < 0.0001), and on remdesivir (P = 0.046). No episode of torsades de pointes arrhythmia or any arrhythmic death was observed among patients with prolonged QTc. The mortality was significantly high in patients with prolonged QTc (P = 0.003). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed coronary artery disease (odds ratio (OR): 4.153, 95% CI 1.37-14.86; P = 0.013), and NT-ProBNP (ng/L) (OR: 1.000, 95% CI 1.000-1.000; P = 0.007) as predictors of prolonged QTc. The prolonged QTc was associated with the worst in-hospital survival (p by log-rank 0.001). A significant independent association was observed between prolonged QTc and in-hospital mortality in multivariate cox-regression analysis (adjusted hazard ratio: 3.861; (95% CI 1.719-6.523), P < 0.0001). QTc was found to be a marker of underlying comorbidities among COVID-19 patients. Prolonged QTc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients was independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Anunay Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sandeep Bansal
- Department of Cardiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Monica Sharma
- Department of Hematology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ira Balakrishnan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India
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107
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Papa EV, Tolman J, Meyerhoeffer C, Reierson K. Motivational Modulation Enhances Movement Performance in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2024; 29:117-127. [PMID: 39036073 PMCID: PMC11259181 DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2024.2365568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Background The assessment of motivation and its modulation during treatment are essential aspects of physical therapy practice. However, the modulation of motivation has been sparsely investigated in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD) and at present no studies have synthesized its effects on movement performance. Objectives 4The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the efficacy of motivational modulation on movement performance in PD and to provide recommendations for its role in physical therapy practice. Methods Systematic identification of published literature was performed adhering to PRISMA guidelines, from January 2005 to March 2023. Keywords were used in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Academic Search Complete, the Cochrane Database, Google Scholar, and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro). A level of evidence rating was completed according to the scale provided by the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Development Medicine. Quality assessments were performed using the Modified Downs and Black checklist. Results Eight studies were included in this review, all achieving level III evidence. The methodological quality of studies was varied, with most studies attaining a fair rating. Persons with PD performed upper extremity movement tasks with greater intensity when incentivized with larger rewards compared to smaller incentives. Dopamine replacement medication, Deep Brain Stimulation, and a history of depression, had mediating effects on the response to motivational modulation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that it is plausible to improve adherence to exercise when physical therapists modulate motivation through computerized game achievements, gamification of tasks, or other forms of reward and non-rewarding stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V. Papa
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Jason Tolman
- Acute Care Physical Therapy Residency University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Samadzadeh S, Adnan R, Berglova P, Barzegar M, Debrabant B, Roikjaer SG, Levy M, Petzold A, Palace J, Flanagan EP, Mariotto S, Skou ST, Froelich A, Lotan I, Messina S, Geraldes R, Asseyer S, Stiebel-Kalish H, Oertel FC, Shaygannejad V, Sahraian MA, Kim HJ, Bennett JL, Böttcher C, Zimmermann HG, Weinshenker BG, Paul F, Asgari N. Protocol of a prospective multicenter study on comorbidity impact on multiple sclerosis and antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system (COMMIT). Front Immunol 2024; 15:1380025. [PMID: 39021565 PMCID: PMC11253107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1380025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Comorbidities in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are common and may influence the course of their neurological disease. Comorbidity may contribute to neuronal injury and therefore limit recovery from attacks, accelerate disease progression, and increase disability. This study aims to explore the impact of comorbidity, particularly vascular comorbidity, and related risk factors on clinical and paraclinical parameters of MS, NMOSD and MOGAD. We propose COMMIT, a prospective multicenter study with longitudinal follow-up of patients with MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD, with or without comorbidities, as well as healthy subjects as controls. Subjects will be stratified by age, sex and ethnicity. In consecutive samples we will analyze levels of inflammation and neurodegeneration markers in both fluid and cellular compartments of the peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using multiple state-of-the-art technologies, including untargeted proteomics and targeted ultrasensitive ELISA assays and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) as well as high-dimensional single-cell technologies i.e., mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. Algorithm-based data analyses will be used to unravel the relationship between these markers, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and clinical outcomes including frequency and severity of relapses, long-term disability, and quality of life. The goal is to evaluate the impact of comorbidities on MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD which may lead to development of treatment approaches to improve outcomes of inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Samadzadeh
- Institute of Regional Health Research and, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rafl Adnan
- Institute of Regional Health Research and, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Paulina Berglova
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Mahdi Barzegar
- Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Birgit Debrabant
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Gundtoft Roikjaer
- Institute of Regional Health Research and, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Michael Levy
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Axel Petzold
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, and Moorfields Eye Hospital and Queen Square University College London (UCL), Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam The University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam The University Medical Center Utrecht (UMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Palace
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eoin P. Flanagan
- Department Neurology and Center for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sara Mariotto
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Soeren T. Skou
- The Research and Implementation Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark
- Center for Muscle and Joint Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Froelich
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Innovation and Research Centre for Multimorbidity, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Section of General Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Itay Lotan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroimmunology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvia Messina
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Geraldes
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Asseyer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hadas Stiebel-Kalish
- Tel Aviv University Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Eye Laboratory, Felsenstein Research Institute, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Frederike Cosima Oertel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vahid Shaygannejad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ho Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Chotima Böttcher
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna G. Zimmermann
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center Digital Future, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian G. Weinshenker
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Friedemann Paul
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasrin Asgari
- Institute of Regional Health Research and, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Center for Neurological Research, Department of Neurology Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
- Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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109
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Chini A, Guha P, Rishi A, Obaid M, Udden SN, Mandal SS. Discovery and functional characterization of LncRNAs associated with inflammation and macrophage activation. Methods 2024; 227:1-16. [PMID: 38703879 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) are emerging players in regulation of gene expression and cell signaling and their dysregulation has been implicated in a multitude of human diseases. Recent studies from our laboratory revealed that lncRNAs play critical roles in cytokine regulation, inflammation, and metabolism. We demonstrated that lncRNA HOTAIR, which is a well-known regulator of gene silencing, plays critical roles in modulation of cytokines and proinflammatory genes, and glucose metabolism in macrophages during inflammation. In addition, we recently discovered a series of novel lncRNAs that are closely associated with inflammation and macrophage activation. We termed these as long-noncoding inflammation associated RNAs (LinfRNAs). We are currently engaged in the functional characterization of these hLinfRNAs (human LinfRNAs) with a focus on their roles in inflammation, and we are investigating their potential implications in chronic inflammatory human diseases. Here, we have summarized experimental methods that have been utilized for the discovery and functional characterization of lncRNAs in inflammation and macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avisankar Chini
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Prarthana Guha
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Ashcharya Rishi
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Monira Obaid
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Sm Nashir Udden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Subhrangsu S Mandal
- Gene Regulation and Epigenetics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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110
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Zhao Y, Wu W, Wu J, Shen B, Cao Y, Xu Y. Risk factors and intervention of caregiver burden in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:1753-1766. [PMID: 38573387 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study summarized characteristics and risk factors of caregiver burden in PD patients and used meta-analysis to verify the effectiveness of the intervention on caregiver burden. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. RESULTS Forty-nine articles that involved 5387 caregivers of patients with PD were included in this study. Results of systematic review indicated that Zarit burden Inventory (ZBI) was the most used scale to measure the caregiver burden. All scales revealed caregivers of PD patients had mild to moderate caregiver burden. For the PD patients with longer disease duration, severer disease severity, more negative emotion and cognition impairment, their caregivers intended to have higher caregiver burden. The caregiver with negative emotion and who spent more time on caregiving indicated higher caregiver burden than the others. The caregiver burden was not improved after deep brain stimulation (DBS). Meta-analysis showed that cognitive behavior therapy and palliative care had no significant effect to reduce caregiver burden in PD patients' caregiver. CONCLUSION Caregivers of PD patients experienced mild to moderate caregiver burden. Demographic factor, diseased-related factor and negative emotional factor were the risk factors of caregiver burden. Health education and care support for long-term management after DBS surgery should be provided for patients and caregivers to decrease caregiver burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxiang Wu
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanpei Cao
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yafang Xu
- Department of Nursing, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Huashan Rare Disease Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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111
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Paniagua Gonzalez L, Eichau S, Ortega Carrión L, Borges M, Domínguez E, López Ruiz R. ACTIVE-FIT program: Assessment of sleep quality and its relationship with physical activity in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med 2024; 119:373-378. [PMID: 38761606 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) causes sleep disturbances in up to 70 % of individuals. These problems are linked to fatigue, mood and cognitive performance, thereby affecting the quality of life in people with MS (PwMS). The frequent and debilitating side effects of sleep medications prompt the exploration of alternative therapies. Physical activity has shown benefits in improving sleep, reducing fatigue, and enhancing quality of life. Combined with a controlled exercise program tailored for PwMS, the study aims to analyze the impact of moderate physical exercise on sleep quality, cognitive function, quality of life, mood, and fatigue. METHODS A single-center prospective cohort study was designed to assess the impact of a 12-week physical exercise program on patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Changes in sleep and activity parameters are evaluated using an actigraph and cognitive, quality of life, fatigue and mood changes are assessed through specific questionnaires before, during, and after the exercise program application. RESULTS 23 patients completed the study (women = 84.6 %) Mean age was 37.2 years (SD 7.5). The mean EDSS score was 1.9, and 80.8 % were diagnosed within the last six years. Significant improvements were noted in sleep efficiency between baseline and final measurements (χ2 = 27.5; p.adj = 0.004), sleep latency (χ2 = 275; p.adj = 0.000), sleep duration (χ2 = 251; p.adj = 0.001) and in the number of awakenings (χ2 = 269.5; p.adj = 0.000), with a decreased in total time in bed from 8.5 h to 7.35 h post-intervention. Regarding activity variables, an increase in caloric expenditure and an increase in the time participants engaged in light activity were observed. We found significant improvements in fatigue, quality of life and mood. Concerning neuropsychological exploration results, improvements were observed in all studied parameters, with statistically significant improvement in Verbal SRT (χ2 = 43; p = 0.022). CONCLUSION Our study showed a positive impact of a 12-week physical exercise program on sleep performance, cognition and mood in PwMS. The observed improvements underscore the potential of tailored exercise interventions in promoting a more comprehensive and holistic care paradigm for PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Paniagua Gonzalez
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Sara Eichau
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Lucía Ortega Carrión
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Mónica Borges
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Elvira Domínguez
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío López Ruiz
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Seville, Spain.
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Yoneno S, Yamamoto K, Tabata K, Shimizu-Motohashi Y, Tomita A, Hayashi T, Maki H, Sato N, Inoue K, Saitsu H, Komaki H. A novel heterozygous TMEM63A variant in a familial case with early onset nystagmus, severe hypomyelination, and a favorable adult prognosis. J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s10038-024-01268-z. [PMID: 38951194 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01268-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous transmembrane protein 63A (TMEM63A) variants cause transient infantile hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-19, which features remarkable natural resolution of clinical and imaging findings during childhood. Previous reports have mainly described de novo variants lacking detailed familial cases. Herein, we describe the clinical course of familial cases with a TMEM63A variant. A 5-month-old girl presented with nystagmus, global hypotonia, and difficulty swallowing since birth. Brain magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 and 5 months revealed diffuse hypomyelination. Her mother, maternal aunt, and grandfather had nystagmus and motor developmental delays in infancy, which resolved spontaneously during childhood. Compared with these cases, the proband's motor developmental delay was profound, and she was the only one with feeding difficulties, necessitating nasogastric tube feeding. Genetic testing revealed a heterozygous TMEM63A variant (NM_014698.3:c.1658G>A, p.(Gly553Asp)) in the proband and her family. This is the first three-generation familial report of a TMEM63A variant that provides insight into its history and heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yoneno
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamamoto
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenshiro Tabata
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Shimizu-Motohashi
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tomita
- Department of Neonatology, Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiju Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Maki
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation and Birth Defect Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Komaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Iacono A, Oremus M, Maxwell CJ, Tyas SL. Functional social isolation mediates the association between depression and executive function in older women: findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging Comprehensive cohort. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:661-681. [PMID: 37350151 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2226855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Depression and social isolation increase risk for executive function declines and are among the top five modifiable risk factors for dementia. However, the interrelationships between depression, social isolation and executive function are not well established. Further evidence is needed to inform strategies to promote executive function and independence in older age. We examined whether social isolation mediated the association between depression and executive function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults and whether this association was modified by age and sex. Adults aged 45 to 85 years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort were followed over three years (complete case analysis, n = 14,133). Baseline depressive symptoms, a history of clinical depression, and functional social isolation (perceived lack of social support) were self-reported. Executive function at follow-up was a composite measure of five cognitive tests. Conditional process analysis assessed the mediating effects of functional social isolation across age group and sex, adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. Functional social isolation significantly mediated the association of depressive symptoms (proportion mediated [PM] = 8.0%) or clinical depression (PM = 17.5%) with executive function only among women aged 75+ years. Functional social isolation explains a proportion of the total effect of depressive symptoms or clinical depression on executive function in women aged 75 and older. Although reverse causation cannot be ruled out, our findings suggest that interventions that reduce functional social isolation or depression in older women may promote executive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Iacono
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Oremus
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen J Maxwell
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Kulkarni AM, Gayam PKR, Aranjani JM. Advances in Understanding and Management of Erdheim-Chester Disease. Life Sci 2024; 348:122692. [PMID: 38710283 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Erdheim Chester Disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytic disorder marked by infiltration of organs with CD68+ histiocytes. ECD stems from mutations of BRAF and MAP2K1 in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), which further differentiate into monocytes and histiocytes. Histopathology reveals lipid-containing histiocytes, which test positive for CD68 and CD133 in immunohistochemistry. Signs and symptoms vary and depend on the organ/s of manifestation. Definitive radiological results associated with ECD include hairy kidney, coated aorta, and cardiac pseudotumor. Treatment options primarily include anti-cytokine therapy and inhibitors of BRAF and MEK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Murahar Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Reddy Gayam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jesil Mathew Aranjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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Pattnaik SS, Sarangi SC, Mahey R, Tripathi M. Physical fitness in Indian women with epilepsy on anti-seizure medications and its association with reproductive status, quality of life and stigma: A cross-sectional study. Epilepsy Behav 2024; 156:109823. [PMID: 38704986 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the status of physical fitness, reproductive abnormalities, QOL and epilepsy associated stigma in women with epilepsy (WWE) and their association with ASM therapy and seizure frequency. METHODS This cross-sectional study included WWE of reproductive age (18-50 years) on antiseizure medications (ASMs) for at least three months before enrolment. Physical fitness was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) and Body composition analysis. Subjects were interviewed for menstrual abnormalities [menstrual disturbance or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)/hirsutism]. Validated questionnaires were used for assessment of, QOL (QOLIE-10) and Stigma in epilepsy (Epilepsy Stigma Scale). Sub-group analysis was done to compare the above parameters on the basis of a) type of therapy (mono or polytherapy), b) type of ASMs treatment (conventional, newer, or conventional + newer ASMs), and c) seizure type and (d) seizure frequency. Correlation and regression analysis were done to find out the association among different variables with physical fitness. RESULTS The overall prevalence of poor physical fitness, reproductive abnormalities, worsened QOL and stigma in the enrolled WWE (n = 203) were 21.18 %, 20.19 %, 52.7 %, and 21.67 %, respectively. Sub-group analysis revealed that WWE on monotherapy (n = 99) had higher median IPAQ score (p = 0.002), comparatively less reproductive abnormalities (24.03 %, p = 0.008), and higher stigma (24.03 %, p = 0.04) than polytherapy group. WWE on conventional ASMs had significantly higher IPAQ scores compared to newer and conventional + newer ASMs groups (p = 0.02). The prevalence of poor physical fitness and stigma was significantly higher in WWE with higher number of seizures (p = 0.007, <0.001, respectively). No significant difference in QOL was observed on the basis of ASM type and therapy; however, WWE with generalized onset seizures had worsened QOL compared to those with focal onset seizures (p = 0.04). A significant negative correlation was found among seizure frequency and IPAQ score in WWE (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION WWE on polytherapy were physically less active, higher occurrence of reproductive abnormalities, and stigma compared to the monotherapy group. WWE with higher seizure frequency had poor physical fitness, and higher stigma compared to those with lesser number of seizures. These findings may aid value in optimization of ASM treatment in WWE of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Reeta Mahey
- Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Manjari Tripathi
- Dept. of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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116
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Chen P, Zhou Q, Zhao X, Chen Y, Lin Z, Wang M, Yang Z, Liu W. Extraocular muscle volume on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography in patients with myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2024. [PMID: 38948953 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Despite being a prominent feature of myasthenia gravis (MG), extraocular muscle (EOM) has received little attention in clinical research. The aim of this study was to examine EOM volume in patients with MG and controls using time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA). METHODS EOM volumes (overall and individual rectus muscles) were calculated using TOF-MRA images and compared between MG patients (including subgroups) and controls. The correlation between EOM volume and disease duration was examined. Predictive equations for the selected parameters were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS EOM volume was lower in MG patients than controls, especially in MG patients with ophthalmoparesis (MG-O). MG-O exhibited a moderate negative correlation between EOM volume and disease duration. Multiple linear regression showed that disease duration and EOM status (ophthalmoparesis or not) account for 48.4% of EOM volume. DISCUSSION Patients with MG show atrophy of the EOMs, especially those with ophthalmoparesis and long disease duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiang Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- MR Scientific Marketing, Siemens Healthineers Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weibin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangzhou, China
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Mallafré‐Larrosa M, Chandran A, Oswal K, Kataria I, Purushotham A, Sankaranarayanan R, Swaminathan R, Rebello R, Isaac R, Kuriakose M, Sullivan R, Basu P. Improving access to cancer care among rural populations in India: Development of a validated tool for health system capacity assessment. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7343. [PMID: 39039809 PMCID: PMC11263452 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer burden in India is rapidly growing, with oral, breast, and uterine cervix being the three most commonly affected sites. It has a catastrophic epidemiological and financial impact on rural communities, the vast majority of whom are socio-economically disadvantaged. Strengthening the health system is necessary to address challenges in the access and provision of cancer services, thus improving outcomes among vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVE To develop, test, and validate a health system capacity assessment (HSCA) tool that evaluates the capacity and readiness for cancer services provision in rural India. METHODS A multi-method process was pursued to develop a cancer-specific HSCA tool. Firstly, item generation entailed both a nominal group technique (to identify the health system dimensions to capture) and a rapid review of published and gray literature (to generate items within each of the selected dimensions). Secondly, tool development included the pre-testing of questionnaires through healthcare facility visits, and item reduction through a series of in-depth interviews (IDIs) with key local stakeholders. Thirdly, tool validation was performed through expert consensus. RESULTS A three-step HSCA multi-method tool was developed comprising: (a) desk review template, investigating policies and protocols at the state level, (b) facility assessment protocol and checklist, catering to the Indian public healthcare system, and (c) IDI topic guide, targeting policymakers, healthcare workforce, and other relevant stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS The resulting HSCA tool assesses health system capacity, thus contributing to the planning and implementation of context-appropriate, sustainable, equity-focused, and integrated early detection interventions for cancer control, especially toward vulnerable populations in rural India and other low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Mallafré‐Larrosa
- Mailman School of Public HealthUniversity of ColumbiaNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC)LyonFrance
| | - Arunah Chandran
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC)LyonFrance
| | | | - Ishu Kataria
- Center for Global Noncommunicable DiseasesRTI InternationalNew DelhiIndia
| | - Arnie Purushotham
- Institute of Cancer PolicyGlobal Oncology Group Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Rohit Rebello
- Department of Medical OncologyGBH Group of HospitalUdaipurRajasthanIndia
| | | | | | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer PolicyGlobal Oncology Group Kings College LondonLondonUK
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention and Infections BranchInternational Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC)LyonFrance
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Mahawar S, Rakshit D, Patel I, Gore SK, Sen S, Ranjan OP, Mishra A. Fisetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy and associated neurobehavioral alterations in mice: Role of ROS/TNF-α-NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 59:102752. [PMID: 38740358 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Fisetin has displayed potential as an anticonvulsant in preclinical studies yet lacks clinical validation. Challenges like low solubility and rapid metabolism may limit its efficacy. This study explores fisetin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NP) to address these issues. Using a murine model of pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy, we evaluated the anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of fisetin NP. Pilocarpine-induced seizures and associated neurobehavioral deficits were assessed after administering subtherapeutic doses of free fisetin and fisetin NP. Changes in ROS, inflammatory cytokines, and NLRP3/IL-18 expression in different brain regions were estimated. The results demonstrate that the fisetin NP exerts protection against seizures and associated depression-like behavior and memory impairment. Furthermore, biochemical, and histological examinations supported behavioral findings suggesting attenuation of ROS/TNF-α-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway as a neuroprotective mechanism of fisetin NP. These findings highlight the improved pharmacodynamics of fisetin using fisetin NP against epilepsy, suggesting a promising therapeutic approach against epilepsy and associated behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Mahawar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Debarati Rakshit
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Inklisan Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Swati Kailas Gore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Srijita Sen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India
| | - Om Prakash Ranjan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India.
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup, Assam 781101, India.
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Dhiman NR, Joshi D. "Gans repositioning maneuver is the original one" in "Gans repositioning maneuver for the posterior canal BPPV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:3877-3878. [PMID: 38724855 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Neetu Rani Dhiman
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Deepika Joshi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Li S, Shea QTK, Ling YT, Zheng YP. Investigation of 3D vessel reconstruction under Doppler imaging with phantoms: Towards reconstruction of the Circle of Willis. ULTRASONICS 2024; 141:107332. [PMID: 38718460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is the second leading cause of death across the globe. Early screening and risk detection could provide early intervention and possibly prevent its incidence. Imaging modalities, including 1D-Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (1D-TCD) or Transcranial Color-code sonography (TCCS), could only provide low spatial resolution or 2D image information, respectively. Notably, 3D imaging modalities including CT have high radiation exposure, whereas MRI is expensive and cannot be adopted in patients with implanted devices. This study proposes an alternative imaging solution for reconstructing 3D Doppler ultrasound geared towards providing a screening tool for the 3D vessel structure of the brain. METHODS The system comprises an ultrasound phased array attached to a servo motor, which can rotate 180˚ at a speed of 2˚/s. We extracted the color Doppler ROI from the image before reconstructing it into a 3D view using a customized pixel-based algorithm. Different vascular diameters, flow velocity, and depth were tested using a vascular phantom with a pumped flow to confirm the system for imaging blood flow. These variables were set to mimic the vessel diameter, flow speed, and depth of the Circle of Willis (CoW) during a transcranial screening. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The lower values of absolute error and ratio were found in the larger vascular channels, and vessel diameter overrepresentation was observed. Under different flow velocities, such diameter overrepresentation in the reconstructed flow did not change much; however, it did change with different depths. Meanwhile, the setting of the velocity scale and the color gain affected the dimension of reconstructed objectives. Moreover, we presented a 3D image of CoW from a subject to demonstrate its potential. The findings of this work can provide a good reference for further studies on the reconstruction of the CoW or other blood vessels using Doppler imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Queenie Tsung Kwan Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yan To Ling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Ping Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Research Institute of Smart Ageing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Billaud CHA, Yu J. The hippocampus as a structural and functional network epicentre for distant cortical thinning in neurocognitive aging. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 139:82-89. [PMID: 38657394 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Alterations in grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) are associated with memory impairment across the neurocognitive aging spectrum and theorised to spread throughout brain networks. Functional and structural connectivity (FC,SC) may explain widespread atrophy. We tested the effect of SC and FC to the hippocampus on cortical thickness (CT) of connected areas. In 419 (223 F) participants (agemean=73 ± 8) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, cortical regions associated with memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were identified using Lasso regression. Two structural equation models (SEM), for SC and resting-state FC, were fitted including CT areas, and SC and FC to the left and right hippocampus (LHIP,RHIP). LHIP (β=-0.150,p=<.001) and RHIP (β=-0.139,p=<.001) SC predicted left temporopolar/rhinal CT; RHIP SC predicted right temporopolar/rhinal CT (β=-0.191,p=<.001). LHIP SC predicted right fusiform/parahippocampal (β=-0.104,p=.011) and intraparietal sulcus/superior parietal CT (β=0.101,p=.028). Increased RHIP FC predicted higher left inferior parietal CT (β=0.132,p=.042) while increased LHIP FC predicted lower right fusiform/parahippocampal CT (β=-0.97; p=.023). The hippocampi may be epicentres for cortical thinning through disrupted connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Hugo Alexandre Billaud
- Nanyang Technological University, Psychology, School of Social Sciences, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore City 639798, Singapore.
| | - Junhong Yu
- Nanyang Technological University, Psychology, School of Social Sciences, 48 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore City 639798, Singapore
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Walfisch R, Danieli PP, Mosheva M, Hochberg Y, Shilton T, Gothelf D. Capgras syndrome in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 89:32-40. [PMID: 38718719 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2024.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To improve understanding of Capgras syndrome (CS) in the pediatric population, this study investigates its clinical features and discerns similarities and differences compared to CS in adults. METHODS We conducted a descriptive systematic review of case reports following PRISMA guidelines, including cases of pediatric patients with CS. Patient demographics, medical and psychiatric history, imposter identity, underlying diagnosis, clinical manifestation, treatments, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS We included 37 articles comprising 38 cases. The median age of patients was 15, with 23 (60.5%) being male. The most prevalent underlying diagnoses were schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (47.3%). Imposter identity involved parents in 32 cases (84.2%). Associated symptoms included persecutory delusions (63.1%), auditory hallucinations (42.1%), aggression (31.5%), and depression (21.0%). CONCLUSION There is a significant gap in our understanding of CS, particularly in pediatric patients. This is the first systematic review of CS in pediatric patients, encompassing all cases found in English literature since 1923.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Walfisch
- The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | - Polina Perlman Danieli
- The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mariela Mosheva
- The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Yehonathan Hochberg
- The Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Tal Shilton
- The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Doron Gothelf
- The Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Garg D, Holla VV, Ganguly J, Rajan R, Saini A, Agarwal A, Radhakrishnan DM, Basu P, Mondal B, Dhar D, Kamble N, Yadav R, Muthusamy B, Kumar H, Srivastava AK, Pal PK. Expanding the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of DYT-TUBB4A with seven patients from India. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 124:107012. [PMID: 38762926 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.107012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the TUBB4A gene are associated with dystonia (DYT-TUBB4A), Hypomyelination with Atrophy of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum (H-ABC) and spastic paraplegia. Phenotypes intermediate to these three broad phenotypes are also observed. These are rare disorders, and data from diverse populations remains limited. We report seven Indian cases with dystonia phenotype related to TUBB4A mutation. CASES Among these seven patients, age at onset ranged from 5 to 48 years. Five patients had cranio-cervical onset of dystonia. One patient had prominent parkinsonism with dystonia. Patients responded well to botulinum toxin injected for laryngeal, cervical and jaw dystonia. The patient with parkinsonism responded well to levodopa, albeit with development of dyskinesias. Apart from the common p.Arg2Gly variant in three patients with DYT-TUBB4A, other variants included p.Arg262Pro, p.Arg39Cys and p.Asp245Asn. CONCLUSIONS We report the first collection of cases with TUBB4A mutation from India. We expand the phenotype to include levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. Indian patients, consistent with global literature, harbor prominent adductor dysphonia, cervical and jaw dystonia, which responds well to botulinum treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vikram V Holla
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Jacky Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Roopa Rajan
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arti Saini
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Agarwal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Purba Basu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Banashree Mondal
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Debjyoti Dhar
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Hrishikesh Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
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Domit OCC, Corrêa DG. I saw the "shrimp sign": Cerebellar progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Imaging 2024; 111:110171. [PMID: 38759601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The shrimp sign is characterized by a well-defined lesion in the deep cerebellar white matter, with hyperintense signal on T2- and hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging, abutting and outlining the dentate nucleus, unilaterally or bilaterally. This sign has high sensitivity and specificity for cerebellar progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) within the correct clinical scenario. In this article, we present a case of cerebellar PML in a woman living with human immunodeficiency virus, who was not using antiretroviral therapy, and presented the shrimp sign on brain MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Casagrande Calomeno Domit
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Univesitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil.
| | - Diogo Goulart Corrêa
- Department of Radiology, Hospital Univesitário Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro State University, Boulevard 28 de Setembro 77, Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20551-030, Brazil; Department of Radiology, Clínica de Diagnóstico por Imagem (CDPI)/DASA, Avenida das Américas, 4666, 302A, 303, 307, 325, 326, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2640-102, Brazil
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The Indian multiple sclerosis and allied demyelinating disorders registry and research network (IMSRN): Inception to reality. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 87:105627. [PMID: 38704875 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2024.105627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demyelinating disorders of the CNS are a set of chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune conditions. To improve understanding of epidemiology, population characteristics and disease behaviour, an Indian, hospital-based registry has been established to serve as a platform for fostering collaborative research. The following article outlines the development, governance and current status of the Indian Multiple Sclerosis and Allied Demyelinating Disorders Registry and Research Network (IMSRN), the country's first scientific database and dedicated expert research network of these disorders. METHODS Multiple reviews and stakeholder meetings were held to set up the registry. The IMSRN was formally initiated in August 2021 across 26 tertiary care centres. The registry is governed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi and its task force committee. The online secure database captures detailed clinical and imaging patient details at baseline and periodic follow up. Periodic meetings of the task force and collaborators are held to discuss the progress, improvements and research proposals. RESULTS The IMSRN is currently active and recruiting patients following an informed consent. As of current, more than 3336 patients including RIS (N = 8), CIS (N = 134), MS (N = 1674), NMOSD (N= 561), MOGAD (N = 404), ADEM (N = 46), CRION (N = 21), CLIPPERS (N = 2), and GFAP (N =1) have been enrolled. 340 patients, not meeting the diagnostic criteria for any of the aforementioned disease phenotypes are in the others category. Various research proposals are being developed to study different aspects of these disorders. CONCLUSION The IMSRN has been established with a vision to strengthen our understanding about MS, NMOSD, MOGAD, and other demyelinating disorders. This would help answer important questions related to disease profiles and long-term outcomes of patients in the Indian setting. From the standpoint of clinical practice, therapeutics, patient management, research, and national policy building, IMSRN shall serve as a synergising platform for bridging the gap in the aforementioned areas and guiding future research through national and international collaboration.
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Wang L, Gu Z, Chen X, Yu X, Meng X. Analysis of risk factors for long-term mortality in patients with stage II and III tuberculous meningitis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:656. [PMID: 38956526 PMCID: PMC11218231 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors associated with long-term mortality in patients with stage II and III tuberculous meningitis (TBM). METHODS This retrospective analysis examined patients who were first diagnosed with stage II and III TBM at West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 1, 2018 and October 1, 2019. Patients were followed via telephone and categorized into survival and mortality groups based on 4-year outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent risk factors for long-term mortality in stage II and III TBM. RESULTS In total, 178 patients were included, comprising 108 (60.7%) males and 36 (20.2%) non-survivors. Mean age was 36 ± 17 years. Compared to survivors, non-survivors demonstrated significantly higher age, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose, rates of headache, neurological deficits, cognitive dysfunction, impaired consciousness, hydrocephalus, and basal meningeal inflammation. This group also exhibited significantly lower Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores, blood potassium, albumin, and cerebrospinal fluid chloride. Multivariate analysis revealed age (OR 1.042; 95% CI 1.015-1.070; P = 0.002), GCS score (OR 0.693; 95% CI 0.589-0.814; P < 0.001), neurological deficits (OR 5.204; 95% CI 2.056-13.174; P < 0.001), and hydrocephalus (OR 2.680; 95% CI 1.081-6.643; P = 0.033) as independent mortality risk factors. The ROC curve area under age was 0.613 (95% CI 0.506-0.720; P = 0.036) and 0.721 (95% CI 0.615-0.826; P < 0.001) under GCS score. CONCLUSION Advanced age, reduced GCS scores, neurological deficits, and hydrocephalus were identified as independent risk factors for mortality in stage II and III TBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhihan Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/ West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiandong Meng
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Kim HJ, Gil YE, Kim JS. Subjective BPPV revisited: identification of positional nystagmus with a new maneuver. J Neurol 2024; 271:4640-4643. [PMID: 38564054 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jae Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Gil
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dizziness Center, and Clinical Neuroscience Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Cherian KE, Cherian J, Vinodhini D, Paul TV. Clinical Characteristics, Therapeutic Options, and Outcomes in Hyperphosphatemic Tumoral Calcinosis: A Systematic Review. Calcif Tissue Int 2024:10.1007/s00223-024-01247-8. [PMID: 38951179 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
This systematic review was performed to understand better the myriad presentations, various therapeutic options, response to therapy, and its clinical outcomes in hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis (HTC). Full texts were selected according to strict inclusion criteria. All case reports of HTC wherein baseline phosphate was measured, treatment offered was mentioned, and information on follow-up and response to therapy that were available were included. A total of 43 of 188 eligible studies (N = 63 patients) met the inclusion criteria. A list of desired data was extracted and graded for methodological quality. A total of 63 individuals (Males = 33) were included from the 43 eligible case studies. The median age of the patients was 18 (IQR 8-32) years. The most frequently involved sites were the hip/gluteal region (34/63; 53.9%) followed by the elbow/forearm (26/63; 41.2%), and the shoulder (18/63; 28.5%). Three patients had conjunctival calcific deposits. The mean (SD) phosphate was 6.9 (1.1) mg/dL. Among the subjects, 36/63 (57.1%) underwent surgical excision with some form of medical therapy. Two patients underwent only surgical excision (2.1%). One patient was maintained on follow-up (1.6%) and 24/63 (38.1%) patients were treated with medical measures. The median (IQR) follow-up duration was 3 (1-9) years. Regression or reduction in lesion size was reported in 19/63 (30.2%) subjects; 20/63 (31.7%) showed progression, 24/63 (38.1%) had features of stable disease, and mortality was reported in 3 patients (4.7%). We report for the first time a detailed description of the clinical and therapeutic response of HTC. A combination of medical measures aimed at lowering serum phosphate appears to be the cornerstone of treatment, although clinical responses may vary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Vizhalil Paul
- Department of Endocrinology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632004, India.
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Sang A, Zhuo S, Bochanis A, Manautou JE, Bahal R, Zhong XB, Rasmussen TP. Mechanisms of Action of the US Food and Drug Administration-Approved Antisense Oligonucleotide Drugs. BioDrugs 2024; 38:511-526. [PMID: 38914784 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are single stranded nucleic acids that target RNA. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved ASOs for several diseases. ASOs utilize three principal modes of action (MOA). The first MOA is initiated by base-pairing between the ASO and its target mRNA, followed by RNase H-dependent mRNA degradation. The second MOA is triggered by ASOs that occlude splice acceptor sites in pre-mRNAs leading to skipping of a mutation-bearing exon. The third MOA involves ASOs that sterically hinder mRNA function, often inhibiting translation. ASOs contain a variety of modifications to the sugar-phosphate backbone and bases that stabilize the ASO or render them resistant to RNase activity. RNase H-dependent ASOs include inotersen and eplontersen (for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis), fomiversen (for opportunistic cytomegalovirus infection), mipomersen (for familial hypercholesterolemia), and tofersen [for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]. Splice modulating ASOs include nursinersen (for spinal muscular atrophy) and eteplirsen, golodirsen, viltolarsen, and casimersen (all for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy). In addition, a designer ASO, milasen, was used to treat a single individual afflicted with Batten disease. Since ASO design relies principally upon knowledge of mRNA sequence, the bench to bedside pipeline for ASOs is expedient compared with protein-directed drugs. [Graphical abstract available.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Selena Zhuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Adara Bochanis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Theodore P Rasmussen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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130
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Li C, Jiang M, Chen Z, Hu Q, Liu Z, Wang J, Yin X, Wang J, Wu M. The neuroprotective effects of normobaric oxygen therapy after stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14858. [PMID: 39009510 PMCID: PMC11250159 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, is a severe and prevalent acute cerebrovascular disease. The development of hypoxia following stroke can trigger a cascade of pathological events, including mitochondrial dysfunction, energy deficiency, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and excitotoxicity, all of which are often associated with unfavorable prognosis. Nonetheless, a noninvasive intervention, referred to as normobaric hyperoxia (NBO), is known to have neuroprotective effects against stroke. RESULTS NBO can exert neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms, such as the rescue of hypoxic tissues, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, reduction of brain edema, alleviation of neuroinflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, mitigation of oxidative stress, reduction of excitotoxicity, and inhibition of apoptosis. These mechanisms may help improve the prognosis of stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the mechanism by which hypoxia causes brain injury and how NBO can act as a neuroprotective therapy to treat stroke. We conclude that NBO has significant potential for treating stroke and may represent a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Li
- Department of Medical LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxiChina
| | - Min Jiang
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research CenterJiujiangJiangxiChina
| | - Zhiying Chen
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxiChina
| | - Qiongqiong Hu
- Department of NeurologyZhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Ziying Liu
- Department of Medical LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxiChina
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Xiaoping Yin
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxiChina
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenanChina
| | - Moxin Wu
- Department of Medical LaboratoryAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiangJiangxiChina
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research CenterJiujiangJiangxiChina
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131
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Prasad SK, Singh VV, Acharjee A, Acharjee P. Elucidating hippocampal proteome dynamics in moderate hepatic encephalopathy rats: insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1659-1679. [PMID: 38787444 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neurological disorder associated with liver failure and characterized by impaired brain function. Decade-long studies have led to significant advances in our understanding of HE; however, effective therapeutic management of HE is lacking, and HE continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients, underscoring the need for continued research into its pathophysiology and treatment. Accordingly, the present study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at elucidating the molecular underpinnings of HE and identifying potential therapeutic targets. A moderate-grade HE model was induced in rats using thioacetamide, which simulates the liver damage observed in patients, and its impact on cognitive function, neuronal arborization, and cellular morphology was also evaluated. We employed label-free LC-MS/MS proteomics to quantitatively profile hippocampal proteins to explore the molecular mechanism of HE pathogenesis; 2175 proteins were identified, 47 of which exhibited significant alterations in moderate-grade HE. The expression of several significantly upregulated proteins, such as FAK1, CD9 and Tspan2, was further validated at the transcript and protein levels, confirming the mass spectrometry results. These proteins have not been previously reported in HE. Utilizing Metascape, a tool for gene annotation and analysis, we further studied the biological pathways integral to brain function, including gliogenesis, the role of erythrocytes in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, the modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, astrocyte differentiation, the regulation of organ growth, the response to cAMP, myelination, and synaptic function, which were disrupted during HE. The STRING database further elucidated the protein‒protein interaction patterns among the differentially expressed proteins. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms driving HE and paves the way for identifying novel therapeutic targets for improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Kumar Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vishal Vikram Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
| | - Papia Acharjee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Black JA, Pham NTT, Ali F, Machulda MM, Lowe VJ, Josephs KA, Whitwell JL. Frontal hypometabolism in the diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy clinical variants. J Neurol 2024; 271:4267-4280. [PMID: 38632125 PMCID: PMC11233235 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-024-12350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frontal hypometabolism on FDG-PET is observed in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), although it is unclear whether it is a feature of all PSP clinical variants and hence whether it is a useful diagnostic feature. We aimed to compare the frequency, severity, and pattern of frontal hypometabolism across PSP variants and determine whether frontal hypometabolism is related to clinical dysfunction. METHODS Frontal hypometabolism in prefrontal, premotor, and sensorimotor cortices was visually graded on a 0-3 scale using CortexID Z-score images in 137 PSP patients. Frontal asymmetry was recorded. Severity scores were used to categorize patients as premotor-predominant, prefrontal-predominant, sensorimotor-predominant, mixed-predominance, or no regional predominance. Frontal ratings were compared across PSP clinical variants, and Spearman correlations were used to assess relationships with the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). RESULTS 97% showed evidence of frontal hypometabolism which was most common (100%) in the speech-language (PSP-SL), corticobasal (PSP-CBS), and frontal (PSP-F) variants and least common in the progressive gait freezing (PSP-PGF) variant (73%). PSP-SL and PSP-CBS showed more severe hypometabolism than Richardson's syndrome (PSP-RS), Parkinsonism (PSP-P), and PSP-PGF. A premotor-predominant pattern was most common in PSP-SL and PSP-CBS, with more mixed patterns in the other variants. Hypometabolism was most commonly asymmetric in PSP-SL, PSP-P, PSP-F and PSP-CBS. Worse hypometabolism in nearly all frontal regions correlated with worse scores on the FAB. CONCLUSIONS Frontal hypometabolism is a common finding in PSP, although it varies in severity and pattern across PSP variants and will likely be the most diagnostically useful in PSP-SL and PSP-CBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A Black
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Farwa Ali
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Pradeep R, Madhuri NL, Nemichandra SC, Paneyala S, Harsha S, Nair AS, Prajwala HV. Impact of Migraine on Family Members - A Cross-sectional Study in Southern Part of India. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:295-298. [PMID: 39034549 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_144_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a disabling primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of headache. Migraine not only imposes a burden on the sufferer but also imposes a burden on their family members too. A holistic approach is more essential in the management of migraine and family members should also be included in the management of migraine. There are no published studies done in India so far to look for the impact of migraine on partners and adolescent children (IMPAC). This pilot study was done to assess the IMPAC. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to study the IMPAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive study, 130 chronic migraine patients were observed in a row during 9 months. The impact of migraine on family members as well as migraine disability and Migraine-specific Quality of Life (MSQoL) was evaluated using validated questionnaires. RESULTS One hundred and thirty chronic migraine patients were studied as part of this study. The mean age of the study population was 34.43 ± 9.002 years, and two-third of the participants were female. The majority of the participants had a moderate-to-severe disability due to migraine and had negatively impacted their MSQoL. The impact of migraine on family members was moderate-to-severe grade in most of the participants and affected their family life negatively both with children and spouses. The males were more significantly affected than females in terms of MSQoL, anxiety, depression, and also on migraine's impact on family members. CONCLUSION Migraine not only affects the sufferers, it also significantly affects their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pradeep
- Department of Neurology, Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - S C Nemichandra
- Department of Neurology, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Shasthara Paneyala
- Department of Neurology, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - S Harsha
- Department of Neurology, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjana S Nair
- Department of Community Medicine, Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H V Prajwala
- Department of Pediatrics, JSS Medical College, JSSAHER, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Comstock GT, Nguyen H, Bronstein A, Yip L. Chlorfenapyr poisoning: a systematic review. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024; 62:412-424. [PMID: 38984827 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2367658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chlorfenapyr, a N-substituted halogenated pyrrole, is a broad-spectrum insecticide. The insecticidal activity of chlorfenapyr depends on its biotransformation by hepatic cytochrome P450 monooxygenases to tralopyril, which uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and disrupts adenosine triphosphate production. Neither the metabolism of chlorfenapyr nor the mechanism of tralopyril is completely elucidated. Acute human chlorfenapyr poisoning is not well characterized, and best practice in management following acute exposure is unclear. The purpose of this review is to characterize acute human chlorfenapyr poisoning by its clinical course, laboratory investigations, and imaging findings and propose a management plan for acute human chlorfenapyr exposure. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EMBASE from inception to April 2024 across all languages for human chlorfenapyr and tralopyril cases, with descriptions of exposure, clinical manifestations, and clinical course included. Only manuscripts and abstracts from scientific conferences with sufficient clinical data following acute human exposures were included. In vitro studies, animal studies, agricultural studies, environmental impact studies, and non-clinical human studies were excluded. We then reviewed citations of included studies for additional eligible publications. Non-English publications were translated using Google Translate or primarily translated by our authors. The study adhered to Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for systematic reviews. RESULTS We identified 3,376 publications of which 48 met study inclusion criteria, describing 75 unique cases of human poisoning from ingestion, inhalation, dermal exposure, and intra-abdominal injection of chlorfenapyr. No cases of tralopyril exposure were identified. The median time from exposure to symptom onset was six hours (interquartile range 1-48 hours). The most frequent initial or presenting signs/symptoms included diaphoresis, nausea and/or vomiting, and altered mental status. While hyperthermia (≥38 degrees centigrade) was less common at presentation, hyperthermia developed in 61 percent of all patients and was temporally associated with clinical deterioration and death. Most common laboratory abnormalities included elevated blood creatine kinase activity, hepatic aminotransferase activities, and lactate concentration. Imaging studies of the central nervous system often showed extensive symmetrical white matter abnormalities with swelling. Case fatality was 76 percent, and survivors commonly experienced sustained neurological sequelae. Management strategies were highly varied, and the effectiveness of specific medical interventions was unclear. DISCUSSION Acute human chlorfenapyr poisoning is characterized by a latent period as long as 14 days, deterioration over hours to days, and can result in serious morbidity and mortality. Development of hyperthermia, likely driven by oxidative phosphorylation uncoupling by tralopyril, is an ominous clinical sign and is temporally associated with clinical decompensation and death. Laboratory abnormalities, particularly elevated creatine kinase activity, hepatic aminotransferase activities, and lactate concentration, were common, but only creatine kinase activity differed amongst survivors and fatalities. Best clinical practice in the management of patients exposed to chlorfenapyr is unclear, and we opine that a conservative approach with close clinical monitoring and supportive care is prudent. LIMITATIONS The limitations of all reviews include their inherent retrospective and observational nature as well as publication bias that emphasizes severe outcomes, thus impacting the spectrum of illness and skewing mortality percentage. In addition, we interrogated a finite number of databases for publications on human chlorfenapyr exposure and there were limited cases with laboratory testing to confirm chlorfenapyr poisoning. Analysis of our systematic review was not powered to detect differences between groups, comparative statistics were not performed, and significance is not reported. CONCLUSIONS Acute human chlorfenapyr toxicity is characterized by a latent period following exposure, development of new or progression of established signs/symptoms, potential for critical illness, rapid deterioration, serious morbidity, and mortality. A conservative approach to patient management is prudent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Thomas Comstock
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, Medical College of WI, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - HoanVu Nguyen
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Medical Toxicology, University of CA Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Alvin Bronstein
- Denver Health, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Luke Yip
- Denver Health, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Department of Medicine, Section of Medical Toxicology, Denver, CO, USA
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Qutifan S, Saleh T, Abu Shahin N, ELBeltagy M, Obeidat F, Qattan D, Kalbouneh H, Barakat NA, Alsalem M. Melatonin mitigates cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment in rats and improves hippocampal dendritic spine density. Neuroreport 2024; 35:657-663. [PMID: 38813907 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment (chemobrain) affects a considerable percentage of cancer patients and has no established pharmacological treatment. Chemobrain can be associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential. In this study, we investigated cisplatin-induced cognitive impairment in rats and whether melatonin can improve or reverse this impairment. Behavioral testing involved measuring working memory using the novel location recognition test (NLRT) under conditions of cisplatin or cisplatin + melatonin treatment, followed by the collection of rats' brains. The brains were subsequently stained with Golgi-Cox stain and then the hippocampus area CA3 of each one was examined, and dendritic spine density was calculated. Treatment with cisplatin resulted in deficits in the rats' performance in the NLRT (P < 0.05). These deficits were prevented by the coadministration of melatonin (P < 0.05). Cisplatin also reduced the density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus (P < 0.0001), specifically CA3 area, while the coadministration of melatonin significantly reversed this reduction (P < 0.001). This study showed that melatonin can ameliorate cisplatin-induced spatial memory deficits and dendritic spines density abnormalities in rats. Given that melatonin is a safe and wildly used supplement, it is feasible to explore its use as a palliative intervention in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Qutifan
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Tareq Saleh
- Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa
| | - Nisreen Abu Shahin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maha ELBeltagy
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom, Egypt
| | - Fatimah Obeidat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Duaa Qattan
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Heba Kalbouneh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman
| | - Noor A Barakat
- Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alsalem
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman
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Seilanian Toosi F, Hashemi N, Emadzadeh M, Hassan Nejad E, Payandeh A, Tavakkolizadeh N, Akhondian J, Ashrafzadeh F, Beiraghi Toosi M, Shahmoradi Y, Pourzal M, Kazemi SA, Moodi Ghalibaf A, Beizaei B. The diagnostic value of MRI findings in pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a case-control study. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:2115-2123. [PMID: 38478069 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-024-06354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare medical condition in children. Based on the different radiological findings reported in various studies in pediatric IIH, this study was conducted to determine the diagnostic value of MRI findings in diagnosing IIH in children. METHODS In this retrospective study, the medical records of all children aged 1 to 18 years who visited Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, between 2012 and 2022 and were diagnosed with IIH were gathered. Forty-nine cases of children with IIH and 48 control cases of children with the first unprovoked seizure with no indications of increased intracranial pressure for comparison were selected. Patient demographic information and MRI findings were extracted. The comparison between different MRI findings in the case and control groups was conducted using statistical tests. RESULTS In the case group, the mean diameter of the subarachnoid space expansion around the optic nerve was 5.96 ± 1.21, compared to 4.79 ± 0.33 in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0.001). All the patients with flattening of the posterior globe or transverse sinus stenosis were in the case group, and the frequency of these findings in the case group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). The majority of patients (95.5%) classified under category 3 and 4 of empty sella were part of the case group, and the statistical test results indicated a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001). The optic nerve sheath diameter cut-off of 5.35 mm, when used for expansion of the subarachnoid space around the optic nerve, with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 100% in diagnosing IIH. CONCLUSION The most reliable diagnostic indicators for diagnosing IIH in children are perioptic subarachnoid space expansion with high sensitivity, and posterior globe flattening and transverse sinus stenosis with high specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Seilanian Toosi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Emadzadeh
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hassan Nejad
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Asma Payandeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Tavakkolizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Akhondian
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Beiraghi Toosi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Yousef Shahmoradi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - MohammadReza Pourzal
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Amirhossein Kazemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Beizaei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Bani M, Russo S, Ardenghi S, Rampoldi G, Wickline V, Nowicki S, Strepparava MG. Behind the mask: What the eyes can't tell: Facial emotion recognition in a sample of Italian health care students. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2024; 77:1430-1442. [PMID: 37599379 DOI: 10.1177/17470218231198145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Wearing a facemask remains a pivotal strategy to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection even after vaccination, but one of the possible costs of this protection is that it may interfere with the ability to read emotion in facial expressions. We explored the extent to which it may be more difficult for participants to read emotions in faces when faces are covered with masks than when they are not, and whether participants' empathy, attachment style, and patient-centred orientation would affect their performance. Medical and nursing students (N = 429) were administered either a masked or unmasked set of 24 adult faces depicting anger, sadness, fear, or happiness. Participants also completed self-report measures of empathy, patient-centredness, and attachment style. As predicted, participants made more errors to the masked than the unmasked faces with the exception of the identification of fear. Of note, when participants missed happiness, they were most likely to see it as sadness, and when they missed anger, they were most likely to see it as happiness. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that more errors identifying emotions in faces was associated with faces being masked as opposed to unmasked, lower scores on the empathy fantasy scale, and higher scores on the fearful attachment style. The findings suggest that wearing facemasks is associated with a variety of negative outcomes that might interfere with the building of positive relationships between health care workers and patients. Those who teach student health care workers would benefit from bringing this finding into their curriculum and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Selena Russo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Ardenghi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rampoldi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Virginia Wickline
- Department of Psychology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Nowicki
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Strepparava
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
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138
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Wang R, Mao L, Liang P, Gan Y, Gao Q, Liang S, Zhang D, Luo G, Yang S. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology to investigate the protective effect of Jiawei Xinglou Chengqi Granules in ischemic stroke. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13388. [PMID: 38958365 PMCID: PMC11221863 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Jiawei Xinglou Chengqi Granule (JXCG) is an effective herbal medicine for the treatment of ischemic stroke (IS). JXCG has been shown to effectively ameliorate cerebral ischemic symptoms in clinical practice, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of action of JXCG in the treatment of IS by combining metabolomics with network pharmacology. The chemical composition of JXCG was analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) untargeted metabolomics were used to identify differential metabolites within metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology was applied to mine potential targets of JXCG in the treatment of IS. The identified key targets were validated by constructing an integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology and by molecular docking using Cytoscape. The effect of JXCG on IS was evaluated in vivo, and the predicted targets and pathways of JXCG in IS therapy were assessed using immunoblotting. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology, we identified the therapeutic targets of JXCG for IS. Notably, JXCG lessened neuronal damage and reduced cerebral infarct size in rats with IS. Western blot analysis showed that JXCG upregulated PRKCH and downregulated PRKCE and PRKCQ proteins. Our combined network pharmacology and metabolomics findings showed that JXCG may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of IS by targeting multiple factors and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoqiong Wang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Linshen Mao
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Pan Liang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yulu Gan
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qixue Gao
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Dechou Zhang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gang Luo
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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139
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Dagnino PC, Galadí JA, Càmara E, Deco G, Escrichs A. Inducing a meditative state by artificial perturbations: A mechanistic understanding of brain dynamics underlying meditation. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:517-540. [PMID: 38952817 PMCID: PMC11168722 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemplative neuroscience has increasingly explored meditation using neuroimaging. However, the brain mechanisms underlying meditation remain elusive. Here, we implemented a mechanistic framework to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of expert meditators during meditation and rest, and controls during rest. We first applied a model-free approach by defining a probabilistic metastable substate (PMS) space for each condition, consisting of different probabilities of occurrence from a repertoire of dynamic patterns. Moreover, we implemented a model-based approach by adjusting the PMS of each condition to a whole-brain model, which enabled us to explore in silico perturbations to transition from resting-state to meditation and vice versa. Consequently, we assessed the sensitivity of different brain areas regarding their perturbability and their mechanistic local-global effects. Overall, our work reveals distinct whole-brain dynamics in meditation compared to rest, and how transitions can be induced with localized artificial perturbations. It motivates future work regarding meditation as a practice in health and as a potential therapy for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Clara Dagnino
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Galadí
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anira Escrichs
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Welton T, Chew G, Mai AS, Ng JH, Chan LL, Tan EK. Association of Gene Expression and Tremor Network Structure. Mov Disord 2024; 39:1119-1130. [PMID: 38769620 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcriptomic changes in the essential tremor (ET)-associated cerebello-thalamo-cortical "tremor network" and their association to brain structure have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE The aim was to characterize molecular changes associated with network-level imaging-derived phenotypes (IDP) found in ET. METHODS We performed an imaging-transcriptomic study in British adults using imaging-genome-wide association study summary statistics (UK Biobank "BIG40" cohort; n = 33,224, aged 40-69 years). We imputed imaging-transcriptomic associations for 184 IDPs and analyzed functional enrichment of gene modules and aggregate network-level phenotypes. Validation was performed in cerebellar-tissue RNA-sequencing data from ET patients and controls (n = 55). RESULTS Among 237,896 individual predicted gene expression levels for 6063 unique genes/transcripts, we detected 2269 genome-wide significant associations (Bonferroni P < 2.102e-7, 0.95%). These were concentrated in intracellular volume fraction measures of white matter pathways and in genes with putative links to tremor (MAPT, ARL17A, KANSL1, SPPL2C, LRRC37A4P, PLEKHM1, and FMNL1). Whole-tremor-network cortical thickness was associated with a gene module linked to mitochondrial organization and protein quality control (r = 0.91, P = 2e-70), whereas white-gray T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast in the tremor network was associated with a gene module linked to sphingolipid synthesis and ethanolamine metabolism (r = -0.90, P = 2e-68). Imputed association effect sizes and RNA-sequencing log-fold change in the validation dataset were significantly correlated for cerebellar peduncular diffusion MRI phenotypes, and there was a close overlap of significant associations between both datasets for gray matter phenotypes (χ2 = 6.40, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The identified genes and processes are potential treatment targets for ET, and our results help characterize molecular changes that could in future be used for patient treatment selection or prognosis prediction. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Welton
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gabriel Chew
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Han Ng
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Ling Chan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Research, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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141
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Varshney A, Kumar P, Ram VS. Nonmotor Symptoms and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease Patients in India: A Cross-sectional Study. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:400-405. [PMID: 39034565 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_198_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder with significant nonmotor symptom (NMS) burden, including impulse control disorders. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate NMS and impulse control disorders in PD patients under primary care. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 32 PD patients and evaluated using standardized assessment tools. Demographics, comorbidities, and symptom burdens were recorded. Evaluation tools included the Hoehn and Yahr Scale, REM Sleep Behavior Disorder assessment, Geriatric Depression Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale for cognitive impairment, NMS scale, and identification of impulse control disorders. RESULTS In PD, comorbidities were prevalent (84%), and most were at Hoehn and Yahr Stages 2 and 3. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder was present in 28.12%, with 5 receiving clonazepam treatment. Depression affected 28.12%, with 5 receiving pharmacological treatment. Cognitive impairment was notable in 9 patients. NMS burden was high, with varying severity. Impulse control disorders were limited, whereas one case of dopamine dysregulation syndrome was identified. DISCUSSION This primary care-based study in India assessed NMS and impulse control disorders in PD patients, highlighting comorbidities and management opportunities. The study's strength lies in evaluating an unselected primary care population, whereas limitations include small sample size. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of primary care physicians in monitoring and managing NMS in PD patients. Impulse control disorders and cognitive impairment are critical aspects that need attention. The findings support an integrated approach involving health-care professionals across various disciplines to provide holistic care for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Varshney
- Department of General Medicine, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vidya Sagar Ram
- Department of Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India
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142
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Garg D, Patel S, Sankhla CS, Holla VV, Paramanandam V, Kukkle PL, Pandey S, Schneider SA, Pal PK. Movement Disorders in Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis: A Systematic Review. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:770-785. [PMID: 38748762 PMCID: PMC11233848 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a complication of measles, occurring after a latency of 4-10 years. It continues to occur in developing countries although resurgence is being reported from developed countries. Characteristic features include progressive neuropsychiatric issues, myoclonus, seizures, movement disorders and visual impairment. Electroencephalography (EEG) typically shows periodic generalized discharges, and elevated CSF anti-measles antibodies are diagnostic. Movement disorders are being increasingly recognized as part of the clinical spectrum, and range from hyperkinetic (chorea, dystonia, tremor, tics) to hypokinetic (parkinsonism) disorders and ataxia. OBJECTIVES This article aims to comprehensively review the spectrum of movement disorders associated with SSPE. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE databases in December 2023 and articles were identified for review. RESULTS Movement disorders reported in SSPE included hyperkinetic (chorea, dystonia, tremor and tics), hypokinetic (parkinsonism), ataxia and extraocular movement disorders. Myoclonus, a core clinical feature, was the most frequent "abnormal movement." Movement disorders were observed in all clinical stages, and could also be a presenting feature, even sans myoclonus. Hyperkinetic movement disorders were more common than hypokinetic movement disorders. An evolution of movement disorders was observed, with ataxia, chorea and dystonia occurring earlier, and parkinsonism later in the disease. Neuroradiological correlates of movement disorders remained unclear. CONCLUSION A wide spectrum of movement disorders was observed throughout the clinical stages of SSPE. Most data were derived from case reports and small case series. Multicentric longitudinal studies are required to better delineate the spectrum and evolution of movement disorders in SSPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyani Garg
- Department of NeurologyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Sahil Patel
- Department of NeurologyP. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research CentreMumbaiIndia
| | - Charulata S. Sankhla
- Department of NeurologyP. D. Hinduja National Hospital & Medical Research CentreMumbaiIndia
| | - Vikram V. Holla
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)BangaloreIndia
| | | | | | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of Neurology and Stroke MedicineAmrita Institute of Medical SciencesFaridabadIndia
| | | | - Pramod K. Pal
- Department of NeurologyNational Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)BangaloreIndia
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143
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Araujo AQC, Lima MA, Silva MTT. Neurodengue, a narrative review of the literature. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2024; 82:1-11. [PMID: 38964367 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1787799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Dengue fever (DF) is the most frequent arboviral disease globally. Deforestation, armed conflicts, and climate change have caused an unprecedented global spread of DF, raising concerns in healthcare systems worldwide. Systemic manifestations of the disease range from mild to severe and, in some cases, can lead to death. Although neurological complications have been reported over the last few decades, they are often neglected or underreported. The present narrative review aims to describe the most important central and peripheral nervous system complications and provide guidance to neurologists in terms of diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abelardo Queiroz Campos Araujo
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecção
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Neurologia Deolindo Couto, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Lima
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecção
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Seção de Neurologia, Rio de Janeiro RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tulius Teixeira Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Nacional de Doenças Infecciosas, Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Neuroinfecção
- Complexo Hospitalar de Niterói, Departamento de Neurologia, Niterói RJ, Brazil
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144
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Karsan N, Prabhakar P, Goadsby PJ. Extended Phenotyping of Migraine in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Specialist Children's Headache Clinic. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 156:33-40. [PMID: 38718550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pediatric migraine phenotype may exhibit differences to adults, leading to diagnostic challenges. We aimed to perform a cross-sectional systematic study to characterize the extended phenotype of pediatric migraine. METHODS New migraine patients presenting to the Children's Headache Clinic were included (n = 105). Data were collected via a detailed symptom questionnaire at the first clinical encounter and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Cohen kappa (k), Spearman correlation (ρ), and Poisson and binomial logistic regression models within SPSS. RESULTS Patients were 65% female and aged five to 17 years (median 14, interquartile range [IQR] 11 to 15), with a mean disease duration of 4.7 years (S.D. 2.8). Monthly headache frequency was 1 to 30 days (median 30, IQR 12 to 30). Attack duration varied between 2 and 168 hours (median 12, IQR 5 to 72). The majority (81%) experienced bilateral headache. Premonitory symptoms (PS) were reported by 93% (range 0 to 7; mood change and tiredness most commonly), cranial autonomic symptoms (CAS) by 58% (range 0 to 6; pallor and lacrimation most commonly), and premonitory CAS by 23%. Vertigo (53%) and allodynia (16%) were present. The laterality of headache and CAS showed agreement (k = 0.5, P < 0.001). For every year of disease duration, 1.07 times more PS were reported (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03 to 1.12, P < 0.001). The number of CAS (odds ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.2 to 3.8, P = 0.01) significantly predicted allodynia. CONCLUSIONS Children display a more enriched PS phenotype with disease chronicity. CAS and allodynia may be markers of central sensitization with shared neurobiological mechanisms in the absence of peripheral nociceptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Karsan
- Headache Group, NIHR King's Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Children's Headache Clinic, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK.
| | - Prab Prabhakar
- Department of Neurology, Children's Headache Clinic, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Peter J Goadsby
- Headache Group, NIHR King's Clinical Research Facility and SLaM Biomedical Research Centre, The Wolfson Sensory, Pain and Regeneration Research Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology, Children's Headache Clinic, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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145
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Desai S, Ibrahim NM, Garg D, Yadav R, Iacono D, Ugawa Y, Lk P, Sankhla C, Cardoso F, Schneider SA, Pal PK. Definition, diagnosis and classification of infection-related movement disorders: Consensus proposal. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 124:106988. [PMID: 38705765 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection-related movement disorders (IRMD) present a complex diagnostic challenge due to the broad phenotypic spectrum, the variety of possible infectious aetiologies, and the complicated underlying mechanisms. Yet, a comprehensive framework for classifying IRMD is lacking. METHODS An international consensus panel under the directives of the Movement Disorders Society Infection-Related Movement Disorders Study Group developed a comprehensive definition and a consensus classification system. Case scenarios were used for validation. RESULTS A definition for IRMD and a two-axis-based classification system consisting of six descriptors are proposed, intended as tools for researchers and clinicians. Collected information on clinical characteristics, investigational findings, the infectious organism and presumed pathogenesis facilitate the evaluation of diagnostic certainty. CONCLUSION The proposed framework will serve for optimised diagnostic algorithms, systematic aggregation of informative datasets across studies, and ultimately improved care and outcome of patients with IRMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soaham Desai
- Dept of Neurology, Shree Krishna Hospital Pramukhswami Medical College, Bhaikaka University, Gujarat, India.
| | | | - Divyani Garg
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India.
| | - Diego Iacono
- Departments of Neurology, Pathology, Neuroscience Program, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University (USU), Bethesda, MD, USA; DoD/USU Brain Tissue Repository and Neuropathology Program, Henry Jackson Foundation (HJF), Inc. Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Human Neurophysiology, Fukushima Medical University, Japan.
| | - Prashanth Lk
- Centre for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Miller's Road, Bangalore, India.
| | | | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Brazil.
| | | | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, 560029, India.
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146
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Lorini Franciscatto I, Scherer Seibert B, Dries SS, Linden R, Ziulkoski AL, Perassolo MS. Evaluation of oxidative stress and its association with drug therapy in inpatients treated for cocaine dependence. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:372-380. [PMID: 37259499 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2219039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of cocaine affects several systems and organs of the human body and the consumption of this substance leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, and to the reduction of antioxidant defenses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS), biochemical and hematological parameters in patients hospitalized for treatment of cocaine addiction, comparing levels at hospital admission and discharge. Forty patients were included in the study. OS was evaluated using catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GPx), total antioxidant power (FRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and sulfhydryl group (GS). The medications used during hospitalization were registered and their influence on the parameters of OS was analyzed. After the hospitalization period, there was an increase in GGT levels, a reduction in SOD activity, and an increase in GPx activity and FRAP levels. Carbamazepine users had higher SOD values and lower FRAP values at hospital discharge. The use of chlorpromazine caused differences in creatinine and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) serum leves, and the levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (TGO), MDA, and FRAP were increased at hospital discharge. Haloperidol and thiamine during hospitalization interfered with alkaline phosphatase levels. The use of risperidone caused an increase in the levels of SOD, and folic acid use was associated with lower levels of GPx and higher levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (TGP) and alkaline phosphatase. Drug rehabilitation treatment was effective in decreasing oxidative damage represented by the reduction of biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Lorini Franciscatto
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Scherer Seibert
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Selbach Dries
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Magda Susana Perassolo
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
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147
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Zeer ZMM, Arda YNA, Abu Salim H, Abbas MM. Primary central nervous system angiitis: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:4241-4246. [PMID: 38989186 PMCID: PMC11230786 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary central nervous system angiitis is a rare idiopathic vasculitis that is limited to the central nervous system. It has a wide range of clinical presentations that can mimic other vasculopathies. Case presentation A 24-year-old female patient presents with various non-specific neurological complaints in a progressive course. After a challenging diagnostic work-up, she was diagnosed by tissue biopsy to have primary central nervous system angiitis. Discussion Although primary central nervous system angiitis has been reported increasingly recently, its pathogenesis is still unknown, and its diagnosis is still very challenging. No universal criteria have been adopted, and there is no laboratory test or imaging modality with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other mimickers. Conclusion To prevent misdiagnosis, clinicians treating patients with suspected primary central nervous system angiitis should be aware of its differentials.
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148
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Tiwari VK, Kumar A, Nanda S, Chaudhary S, Sharma R, Kumar U, Kumaran SS, Bhatia R. Effect of neuronavigated repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on pain, cognition and cortical excitability in fibromyalgia syndrome. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3421-3433. [PMID: 38270728 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibromyalgia syndrome is a widespread chronic pain condition identified by body-wide pain, fatigue, cognitive fogginess, and sleep issues. In the past decade, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has emerged as a potential management tool.. In the present study, we enquired whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could modify pain, corticomotor excitability, cognition, and sleep. METHODS Study is a randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial; wherein after randomizing thirty-four fibromyalgia patients into active or sham therapy (n = 17 each), each participant received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation therapy. In active therapy was given at 1 Hz for 20 sessions were delivered on dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (1200 pulses, 150 pulses per train for 8 trains); while in sham therapy coil was placed at right angle to the scalp with same frequency. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify the therapeutic site. Pain intensity, corticomotor excitability, cognition, and sleep were examined before and after therapy. RESULTS Baseline demographic and clinical parameters for both active and sham groups were comparable. In comparison to sham, active repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation showed significant difference in pain intensity (P < 0.001, effect size = 0.29, large effect) after intervention. Other parameters of pain perception, cognition, and sleep quality also showed a significant improvement after the therapy in active therapy group only, as compared to sham. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention is effective in managing pain alongside cognition and sleep disturbances in patients of fibromyalgia. It may prove to be an important tool in relieving fibromyalgia-associated morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar Tiwari
- Pain Research and TMS Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
| | - Aasheesh Kumar
- Pain Research and TMS Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
| | - Srishti Nanda
- Pain Research and TMS Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029
| | - Shefali Chaudhary
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and MRI Facility, New Delhi, India
| | - Ratna Sharma
- Stress and Cognition Electroimaging Laboratory, Department of Physiology, New Delhi, India
| | - Uma Kumar
- Department of Rheumatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, 110029
| | - Senthil S Kumaran
- Department of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and MRI Facility, New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Bhatia
- Pain Research and TMS Laboratory, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, 110029.
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Wang Y, Geng G, Hu W, Zhang H, Liu Y, Gao Z, Zhang H, Shi J. Epileptic seizures as an initial symptom for Sturge‑Weber syndrome type III: A report of two cases. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:299. [PMID: 38868613 PMCID: PMC11168029 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) type III, a rare neurocutaneous disorder, presents diagnostic challenges due to its variable clinical manifestations. The present study focuses on enhancing the understanding of this syndrome by conducting a detailed analysis of two pediatric cases and providing a comprehensive review of the existing literature. The cases, managed at the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University (Jinan, China), highlight the diverse clinical presentations and successful management strategies for SWS type III. In the first case, a 4-year-old male patient exhibited paroxysmal hemiplegia, epileptic seizures and cerebral angiographic findings indicative of left pia mater and venous malformation. The second case involved a 2.5-year-old male patient presenting with recurrent seizures and angiographic findings on the right side. Both cases underscore the importance of considering epileptic seizures, acquired and transient hemiplegia and cognitive impairments in the diagnosis of SWS type III. The present study provides insights into the effective use of both pharmacological and surgical interventions, drawing from the positive outcomes observed in these cases. The findings emphasize the need for heightened awareness and a meticulous approach in diagnosing and treating SWS type III, contributing to the better management and prognosis of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Guifu Geng
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Wandong Hu
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Yong Liu
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Zaifen Gao
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Shi
- Epilepsy Center, Jinan Children's Hospital (Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
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150
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Safari H, Ajudani R, Savaie M, Babadi AJ, Alizadeh P. Intracerebral hemorrhage in methanol toxicity patients during COVID-19 pandemic: case report and review of literature. Forensic Toxicol 2024; 42:242-247. [PMID: 38334843 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to examine the clinical and imaging manifestations of methanol toxicity during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to review existing studies on this topic. The most common cause of methanol intoxication is methanol-adulterated liquor. The primary metabolite of methanol, formic acid, is responsible for pathological changes. Symptoms typically present within 6-24 h of consumption and can include visual disturbances, acute neurological symptoms, and gastrointestinal issues. During the initial year of the COVID-19 pandemic, methanol poisoning cases increased significantly. METHODS In this study, We present six different patients with methanol intoxication and their clinical and imaging features. RESULTS In the literature review, the most common clinical presentation was loss of consciousness and obtundation and the other was vision loss. CT scan findings showed bilateral putaminal necrosis and hemorrhage in 55% of methanol toxicity patients. CONCLUSION Methanol intoxication, causing bilateral putaminal involvement and a 50% mortality rate in intracerebral hemorrhage patients, warrants urgent toxicological analysis due to potential putaminal hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Safari
- Pain Research Center, Neurosurgery department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Reza Ajudani
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Savaie
- Ahvaz Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Pooyan Alizadeh
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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