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Zhang H, Vladmir C, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Xu J, Zhao W, Chen Y, He M, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang H. Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Related to Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, Especially for Motor Conduction Velocity of Tibial Nerve in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3060013. [PMID: 37250373 PMCID: PMC10212674 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3060013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is one of the most critical factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of neuronal damage, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Uric acid is a kind of natural antioxidant that plays a major role in the antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress. Here, we aim to determine the role of serum uric acid (SUA) in the DPN of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods. 106 patients with T2DM were recruited and divided into the DPN group and the control group. Clinical parameters, especially for motor nerve fiber conduction velocity and sensory nerve fiber conduction velocity, were collected. Differences between T2DM patients with and without DPN were compared. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore the association between SUA and DPN. Results Compare with 57 patients with DPN, 49 patients without DPN showed lower HbA1c and elevated SUA levels. Additionally, SUA levels are negatively associated with the motor conduction velocity of tibial nerve with or without adjusting for HbA1c. Besides, it is suggested that decreased SUA levels may influence the motor conduction speed of the tibial nerve by multiple linear regression analysis. Moreover, we demonstrated that decreased SUA level is a risk factor for DPN in patients with T2DM by binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Lower SUA is a risk factor for DPN in patients with T2DM. Additionally, decreased SUA may influence the damage of peripheral neuropathy, especially for motor conduction velocity of the tibial nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Carvalho Vladmir
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wanwan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Graduate School, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Graduate School, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting He
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Haoqiang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Refisch A, Sen ZD, Klassert TE, Busch A, Besteher B, Danyeli LV, Helbing D, Schulze-Späte U, Stallmach A, Bauer M, Panagiotou G, Jacobsen ID, Slevogt H, Opel N, Walter M. Microbiome and immuno-metabolic dysregulation in patients with major depressive disorder with atypical clinical presentation. Neuropharmacology 2023; 235:109568. [PMID: 37182790 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Depression is highly prevalent (6% 1-year prevalence) and is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. Available treatment options for depression are far from optimal, with response rates only around 50%. This is most likely related to a heterogeneous clinical presentation of major depression disorder (MDD), suggesting different manifestations of underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Poorer treatment outcomes to first-line antidepressants were reported in MDD patients endorsing an "atypical" symptom profile that is characterized by preserved reactivity in mood, increased appetite, hypersomnia, a heavy sensation in the limbs, and interpersonal rejection sensitivity. In recent years, evidence has emerged that immunometabolic biological dysregulation is an important underlying pathophysiological mechanism in depression, which maps more consistently to atypical features. In the last few years human microbial residents have emerged as a key influencing variable associated with immunometabolic dysregulations in depression. The microbiome plays a critical role in the training and development of key components of the host's innate and adaptive immune systems, while the immune system orchestrates the maintenance of key features of the host-microbe symbiosis. Moreover, by being a metabolically active ecosystem commensal microbes may have a huge impact on signaling pathways, involved in underlying mechanisms leading to atypical depressive symptoms. In this review, we discuss the interplay between the microbiome and immunometabolic imbalance in the context of atypical depressive symptoms. Although research in this field is in its infancy, targeting biological determinants in more homogeneous clinical presentations of MDD may offer new avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment-resistant depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Refisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
| | - Zümrüt Duygu Sen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tilman E Klassert
- Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany; Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anne Busch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany
| | - Bianca Besteher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Lena Vera Danyeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dario Helbing
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, 07745, Jena, Germany; Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schulze-Späte
- Section of Geriodontics, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena, Germany; Theoretical Microbial Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll-Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany, and Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Hortense Slevogt
- Host Septomics Group, Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Septomics, University Hospital Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany; Respiratory Infection Dynamics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr, Braunschweig, Germany; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Center for Intervention and Research on Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Site Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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153
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Slieker RC, Donnelly LA, Akalestou E, Lopez-Noriega L, Melhem R, Güneş A, Abou Azar F, Efanov A, Georgiadou E, Muniangi-Muhitu H, Sheikh M, Giordano GN, Åkerlund M, Ahlqvist E, Ali A, Banasik K, Brunak S, Barovic M, Bouland GA, Burdet F, Canouil M, Dragan I, Elders PJM, Fernandez C, Festa A, Fitipaldi H, Froguel P, Gudmundsdottir V, Gudnason V, Gerl MJ, van der Heijden AA, Jennings LL, Hansen MK, Kim M, Leclerc I, Klose C, Kuznetsov D, Mansour Aly D, Mehl F, Marek D, Melander O, Niknejad A, Ottosson F, Pavo I, Duffin K, Syed SK, Shaw JL, Cabrera O, Pullen TJ, Simons K, Solimena M, Suvitaival T, Wretlind A, Rossing P, Lyssenko V, Legido Quigley C, Groop L, Thorens B, Franks PW, Lim GE, Estall J, Ibberson M, Beulens JWJ, 't Hart LM, Pearson ER, Rutter GA. Identification of biomarkers for glycaemic deterioration in type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2533. [PMID: 37137910 PMCID: PMC10156700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We identify biomarkers for disease progression in three type 2 diabetes cohorts encompassing 2,973 individuals across three molecular classes, metabolites, lipids and proteins. Homocitrulline, isoleucine and 2-aminoadipic acid, eight triacylglycerol species, and lowered sphingomyelin 42:2;2 levels are predictive of faster progression towards insulin requirement. Of ~1,300 proteins examined in two cohorts, levels of GDF15/MIC-1, IL-18Ra, CRELD1, NogoR, FAS, and ENPP7 are associated with faster progression, whilst SMAC/DIABLO, SPOCK1 and HEMK2 predict lower progression rates. In an external replication, proteins and lipids are associated with diabetes incidence and prevalence. NogoR/RTN4R injection improved glucose tolerance in high fat-fed male mice but impaired it in male db/db mice. High NogoR levels led to islet cell apoptosis, and IL-18R antagonised inflammatory IL-18 signalling towards nuclear factor kappa-B in vitro. This comprehensive, multi-disciplinary approach thus identifies biomarkers with potential prognostic utility, provides evidence for possible disease mechanisms, and identifies potential therapeutic avenues to slow diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick C Slieker
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Louise A Donnelly
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Elina Akalestou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Livia Lopez-Noriega
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rana Melhem
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ayşim Güneş
- IRCM and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Alexander Efanov
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Eleni Georgiadou
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hermine Muniangi-Muhitu
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mahsa Sheikh
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mikael Åkerlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Karina Banasik
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marko Barovic
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerard A Bouland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Burdet
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mickaël Canouil
- INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Iulian Dragan
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Festa
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- 1st Medical Department, LK Stockerau, Niederösterreich, Austria
| | - Hugo Fitipaldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Phillippe Froguel
- INSERM U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, F-59000, France
- Division of Systems Biology, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | | | - Amber A van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC-location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lori L Jennings
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael K Hansen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Research, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicines, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Leclerc
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Dmitry Kuznetsov
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diana Marek
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anne Niknejad
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Filip Ottosson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Section for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, Danish Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kevin Duffin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Samreen K Syed
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Janice L Shaw
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Over Cabrera
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, US
| | - Timothy J Pullen
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Diabetes, Guy's Campus King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Michele Solimena
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Medical Faculty, Dresden, Germany
- Molecular Diabetology, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Science, Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cristina Legido Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicines, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gareth E Lim
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT Group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- CHUM Research Centre and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
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154
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Vázquez-Moreno MA, Cruz-López M. [From genotype to phenotype: amylase gene in childhood obesity]. REVISTA MEDICA DEL INSTITUTO MEXICANO DEL SEGURO SOCIAL 2023; 61:356-362. [PMID: 37216679 PMCID: PMC10437226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Mexico is one of the countries with the highest rate of obesity, which is a condition considered the main risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Among the mechanisms that predispose to obesity, the interaction between food intake and genetic components has been little explored. Recently we evidenced a significant association between the copy number (CN) of AMY1A and AMY2A genes, the enzymatic activity of salivary and pancreatic amylase, and the frequency of childhood obesity in Mexico, a particular population due to the high consumption of starch in the diet and the high prevalence of obesity in children and adults. This review aims to find a better understanding of the role of amylase in obesity through a description of the evolution of the CN of its genes, the association of its enzymatic activity with obesity, and the effect of its interaction with starch intake on Mexican children. In addition, it denotes the importance of the experimental perspectives of further investigation regarding the mechanism by which amylase could regulate the abundance of oligosaccharide-fermenting bacteria and producers of short-chain fatty acids and/or branched-chain amino acids that could contribute to the alteration of the physiological processes associated with intestinal inflammation and metabolic deregulation that predispose to the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Alexander Vázquez-Moreno
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
| | - Miguel Cruz-López
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica. Ciudad de México, México Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMéxico
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155
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Sood A, Fernandes V, Preeti K, Khatri DK, Singh SB. Sphingosine 1 phosphate lyase inhibition rescues cognition in diabetic mice by promoting anti-inflammatory microglia. Behav Brain Res 2023; 446:114415. [PMID: 36997095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is emerging as a crucial sphingolipid modulating neuroinflammation and cognition. S1P levels in the brain have been found to be decreased in cognitive impairment. S1P lyase (S1PL) is the key enzyme in metabolizing S1P and has been implicated in neuroinflammation. This study evaluated the effect of S1PL inhibition on cognition in type 2 diabetic mice. Fingolimod (0.5mg/kg and 1mg/kg) rescued cognition in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, as evident in the Y maze and passive avoidance test. We further evaluated the effect of fingolimod on the activation of microglia in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of diabetic mice. Our study revealed that fingolimod inhibited S1PL and promoted anti-inflammatory microglia in both PFC and hippocampus of diabetic mice as it increased Ym-1 and arginase-1. The levels of p53 and apoptotic proteins (Bax and caspase-3) were elevated in the PFC and hippocampus of type 2 diabetic mice which fingolimod reversed. The underlying mechanism promoting anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype was also explored in this study. TIGAR, TP53-associated glycolysis and apoptosis regulator, is known to foster anti-inflammatory microglia and was found to be downregulated in the brain of type 2 diabetic mice. S1PL inhibition decreased the levels of p53 and promoted TIGAR, thereby increasing anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype and inhibiting apoptosis in the brain of diabetic mice. Our study reveals that S1PL inhibition could be beneficial in mitigating cognitive deficits in diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Valencia Fernandes
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kumari Preeti
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, Hyderabad, India.
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156
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Zhu Z, Chen Y, Qin X, Liu S, Wang J, Ren H. Multidimensional landscape of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-related disease spectrum uncovered by big omics data: Profiling evidence and new perspectives. SMART MEDICINE 2023; 2:e20220029. [PMID: 39188279 PMCID: PMC11236021 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder that could promote the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Benefiting from recent advances in omics technologies, such as high-throughput sequencing, voluminous profiling data in HCC-integrated molecular science into clinical medicine helped clinicians with rational guidance for treatments. In this review, we conclude the majority of publicly available omics data on the NAFLD-related disease spectrum and bring up new insights to inspire next-generation therapeutics against this increasingly prevalent disease spectrum in the post-genomic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuyan Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xueqian Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shujun Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Haozhen Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryAffiliated Drum Tower HospitalMedical SchoolNanjing UniversityNanjingChina
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Liu Y, Feng W, Lou J, Qiu W, Shen J, Zhu Z, Hua Y, Zhang M, Billong LF. Performance of a prediabetes risk prediction model: A systematic review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15529. [PMID: 37215820 PMCID: PMC10196520 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The prediabetes population is large and easily overlooked because of the lack of obvious symptoms, which can progress to diabetes. Early screening and targeted interventions can substantially reduce the rate of conversion of prediabetes to diabetes. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed prediabetes risk prediction models, performed a summary and quality evaluation, and aimed to recommend the optimal model. Methods We systematically searched five databases (Cochrane, PubMed, Embase, Web Of Science, and CNKI) for published literature related to prediabetes risk prediction models and excluded preprints, duplicate publications, reviews, editorials, and other studies, with a search time frame of March 01, 2023. Data were categorized and summarized using a standardized data extraction form that extracted data including author; publication date; study design; country; demographic characteristics; assessment tool name; sample size; study type; and model-related indicators. The PROBAST tool was used to assess the risk of bias profile of included studies. Findings 14 studies with a total of 15 models were eventually included in the systematic review. We found that the most common predictors of models were age, family history of diabetes, gender, history of hypertension, and BMI. Most of the studies (83.3%) had a high risk of bias, mainly related to under-reporting of outcome information and poor methodological design during the development and validation of models. Due to the low quality of included studies, the evidence for predictive validity of the available models is unclear. Interpretation We should pay attention to the early screening of prediabetes patients and give timely pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. The predictive performance of the existing model is not satisfactory, and the model building process can be standardized and external validation can be added to improve the accuracy of the model in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Liu
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wenming Feng
- Huzhou First People's Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Jiantong Shen
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Precise Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
- Internal Medicine General Ward, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Medical Group, Jinhua, 321200, China
| | - Yuting Hua
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Schools of Nursing and Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, China
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Ehtewish H, Mesleh A, Ponirakis G, De la Fuente A, Parray A, Bensmail I, Abdesselem H, Ramadan M, Khan S, Chandran M, Ayadathil R, Elsotouhy A, Own A, Al Hamad H, Abdelalim EM, Decock J, Alajez NM, Albagha O, Thornalley PJ, Arredouani A, Malik RA, El-Agnaf OMA. Blood-Based Proteomic Profiling Identifies Potential Biomarker Candidates and Pathogenic Pathways in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098117. [PMID: 37175824 PMCID: PMC10179172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a progressive and debilitating neurological disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Identifying the minimally invasive biomarkers associated with dementia that could provide insights into the disease pathogenesis, improve early diagnosis, and facilitate the development of effective treatments is pressing. Proteomic studies have emerged as a promising approach for identifying the protein biomarkers associated with dementia. This pilot study aimed to investigate the plasma proteome profile and identify a panel of various protein biomarkers for dementia. We used a high-throughput proximity extension immunoassay to quantify 1090 proteins in 122 participants (22 with dementia, 64 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 36 controls with normal cognitive function). Limma-based differential expression analysis reported the dysregulation of 61 proteins in the plasma of those with dementia compared with controls, and machine learning algorithms identified 17 stable diagnostic biomarkers that differentiated individuals with AUC = 0.98 ± 0.02. There was also the dysregulation of 153 plasma proteins in individuals with dementia compared with those with MCI, and machine learning algorithms identified 8 biomarkers that classified dementia from MCI with an AUC of 0.87 ± 0.07. Moreover, multiple proteins selected in both diagnostic panels such as NEFL, IL17D, WNT9A, and PGF were negatively correlated with cognitive performance, with a correlation coefficient (r2) ≤ -0.47. Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis of dementia-associated proteins implicated immune response, vascular injury, and extracellular matrix organization pathways in dementia pathogenesis. In conclusion, the combination of high-throughput proteomics and machine learning enabled us to identify a blood-based protein signature capable of potentially differentiating dementia from MCI and cognitively normal controls. Further research is required to validate these biomarkers and investigate the potential underlying mechanisms for the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Ehtewish
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Areej Mesleh
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Georgios Ponirakis
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Alberto De la Fuente
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Ilham Bensmail
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Houari Abdesselem
- Proteomics Core Facility, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Marwan Ramadan
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Shafi Khan
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Mani Chandran
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Raheem Ayadathil
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Elsotouhy
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Own
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
- Neuroradiology Department, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Hanadi Al Hamad
- Geriatric and Memory Clinic, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha P.O. Box 3050, Qatar
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Nehad M Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Omar Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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Sperandio LP, Lins IVF, Erustes AG, Leão AHFF, Antunes F, Morais IBM, Vieira HF, de Campos LM, Bincoletto C, Smaili SS, Pereira GJS. Blocking autophagy by the two-pore channels antagonist tetrandrine improves sorafenib-induced death of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 90:105603. [PMID: 37121360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib, an oral multi-kinase inhibitor, used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, drug resistance is still common in several HCC patients. This complex mechanism is not yet fully elucidated, driving the search for new therapeutic targets to potentiate the antitumoral effect of sorafenib. Recent findings have linked the expression of Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) receptors with the development and progression of cancer. TPCs receptors are stimulated by NAADP, a Ca2+ messenger, and inhibited by their antagonists Ned-19 and tetrandrine. Here, we investigate the participation of TPCs inhibition in cell death and autophagy in sorafenib-treated HCC cells. Here, we show that the association of sorafenib with tetrandrine increased sorafenib-induced cell death accompanied by increased lysotracker fluorescence intensity. In contrast, these effects were not observed after treating these cells with Ned-19. The pharmacological TPC antagonists by Ned-19 and tetrandrine or siRNA-mediated TPC1/2 inhibition decreased sorafenib-induced Ca2+ release, reinforcing the participation of TPCs in sorafenib HCC responses. Furthermore, the association tetrandrine and sorafenib blocked autophagy through ERK1/2 pathway inhibition, which represents a putative target for potentiating HCC cell death. Therefore, our study proposes the use of tetrandrine analogs with the aim of improving sorafenib therapy. Also, our data also allow us to suggest that TPCs may be a new target in anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Paulino Sperandio
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis Valeska F Lins
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adolfo G Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson H F F Leão
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ingrid B M Morais
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Laís Maria de Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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160
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Wang ME, Hodge AM, Li SX, Southey MC, Giles GG, Dugué PA. Adiposity and plasma concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites and traditional markers of inflammation. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023:S1871-403X(23)00028-5. [PMID: 37121824 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The kynurenine pathway is increasingly recognised to play a role in inflammation and disease. We assessed the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of adiposity measures (body mass index, waist-hip ratio, waist circumference and fat mass ratio) with plasma concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites and traditional markers of inflammation. METHODS We used data from 970 Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study participants who had plasma markers measured at baseline (median age 59 years) and follow-up (median age 70 years). Linear regression was used to assess cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between four adiposity measures and concentrations of i) nine kynurenine pathway metabolites; ii) two derived markers; iii) eight traditional inflammatory markers. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, most kynurenine metabolites were strongly associated with adiposity measures at both time points; associations were generally stronger than for most inflammation markers except CRP (e.g. body mass index at baseline, quinolinic acid (per S.D. β = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.24-0.36, P = 10-21), kynurenine (β = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.19-0.31, P = 10-16) and CRP (β = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.25-0.37, P = 10-24), and remained largely unchanged after adjustment for confounders. Longitudinally, changes in adiposity measures over approximately a decade were positively associated with changes in kynurenine metabolite concentrations (in particular for 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, kynurenine and quinolinic acid), and more strongly so than for other markers of inflammation, including CRP. CONCLUSIONS In middle-aged and older adults, plasma concentrations of kynurenine metabolites are strongly associated with adiposity, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Our study demonstrates that kynurenine metabolites may be valuable markers to monitor the adverse consequences of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmei E Wang
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sherly X Li
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Pierre-Antoine Dugué
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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161
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Bai L, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Ma J. The Role of a Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081971. [PMID: 37111190 PMCID: PMC10142932 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) shares a common molecular mechanism and underlying pathology with dementia, and studies indicate that dementia is widespread in people with T2DM. Currently, T2DM-induced cognitive impairment is characterized by altered insulin and cerebral glucose metabolism, leading to a shorter life span. Increasing evidence indicates that nutritional and metabolic treatments can possibly alleviate these issues, as there is a lack of efficient preventative and treatment methods. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a very high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis in the body by producing a fasting-like effect, and neurons in the aged brain are protected from damage by ketone bodies. Moreover, the creation of ketone bodies may improve brain neuronal function, decrease inflammatory expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and restore neuronal metabolism. As a result, the KD has drawn attention as a potential treatment for neurological diseases, such as T2DM-induced dementia. This review aims to examine the role of the KD in the prevention of dementia risk in T2DM patients and to outline specific aspects of the neuroprotective effects of the KD, providing a rationale for the implementation of dietary interventions as a therapeutic strategy for T2DM-induced dementia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Core Facility of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Core Facility of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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162
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Oprescu AC, Grosu C, Bild W. Correlations between Cognitive Evaluation and Metabolic Syndrome. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040570. [PMID: 37110228 PMCID: PMC10144927 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most common medical diseases is metabolic syndrome (MetS), which encompasses diabetes and obesity. It has a systemic effect, which has long-lasting consequences on the body that are still not fully understood. The objectives of the study were to investigate the association between the severity of metabolic imbalances, insulin resistance, leptin concentration, and the presence of cognitive disorders and to assess the possible protective role of some classes of drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and dyslipidemia in order to identify a viable target in the near future. The study included 148 diabetic patients. Standardized tests for the evaluation of cognition, including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), were applied to all study participants. Serum concentrations of leptin and insulin were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA), and insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We found that MMSE and MoCA scores were associated with anthropometric parameters, and MoCA was associated with glycemic control parameters and leptin levels. Further research is needed in order to establish the magnitude of the relationship between metabolic syndrome components and cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Cătălin Oprescu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Cristina Grosu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Walther Bild
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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163
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Wang H, Zhu Y, Liu H, Liang T, Wei Y. Advances in Drug Discovery Targeting Lysosomal Membrane Proteins. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040601. [PMID: 37111358 PMCID: PMC10145713 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells and are responsible for various cellular functions, including endocytic degradation, extracellular secretion, and signal transduction. There are dozens of proteins localized to the lysosomal membrane that control the transport of ions and substances across the membrane and are integral to lysosomal function. Mutations or aberrant expression of these proteins trigger a variety of disorders, making them attractive targets for drug development for lysosomal disorder-related diseases. However, breakthroughs in R&D still await a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and processes of how abnormalities in these membrane proteins induce related diseases. In this article, we summarize the current progress, challenges, and prospects for developing therapeutics targeting lysosomal membrane proteins for the treatment of lysosomal-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongna Wang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yidong Zhu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Huiyan Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Tianxiang Liang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Yongjie Wei
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Homeostasis, Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou 510095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510095, China
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164
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Li G, Yu W, Yang H, Wang X, Ma T, Luo X. Relationship between Serum Ferritin Level and Dyslipidemia in US Adults Based on Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2017 to 2020. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081878. [PMID: 37111096 PMCID: PMC10143246 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that high serum ferritin (SF) levels may be associated with dyslipidemia. This study investigated the association between SF levels and dyslipidemia in American adults, which held relevance for both clinical and public health areas concerned with screening and prevention. Data from the pre-pandemic National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES), conducted between 2017 and 2020, were utilized for this analysis. Multivariate linear regression models were used to explore the correlation between lipid and SF concentrations, and the connection between SF and the four types of dyslipidemia was further assessed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios (ORs; 95% CI) for dyslipidemia were calculated for quartiles of SF concentrations, with the lowest ferritin quartile as the reference. The final subjects consisted of 2676 participants (1290 males and 1386 females). ORs for dyslipidemia were the highest in the fourth quartile (Q4) of SF both in males (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.12-2.28) and females (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.07-2.17). The crude ORs (95% CI) for the risk of High TC and High LDL-C increased progressively in both genders. However, after adjusting for covariates, the trend of significance was only present in females. Finally, the association between total daily iron intake and the four types of dyslipidemia was examined, revealing that the risk of High TG in the third quartile of the total daily iron intake was 2.16 times greater in females (adjusted OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.38-7.23). SF concentrations were remarkably associated with dyslipidemia. In females, daily dietary iron intake was associated with High-TG dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wenlu Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hexiang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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Al Akl NS, Haoudi EN, Bensmail H, Arredouani A. The triglyceride glucose-waist-to-height ratio outperforms obesity and other triglyceride-related parameters in detecting prediabetes in normal-weight Qatari adults: A cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1086771. [PMID: 37089491 PMCID: PMC10117653 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1086771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG)-driven indices, incorporating obesity indices, have been proposed as reliable markers of insulin resistance and related comorbidities such as diabetes. This study evaluated the effectiveness of these indices in detecting prediabetes in normal-weight individuals from a Middle Eastern population.MethodsUsing the data of 5,996 adult Qatari participants from the Qatar Biobank cohort, we employed adjusted logistic regression to assess the ability of various obesity and triglyceride-related indices to detect prediabetes in normal-weight (18.5 ≤ BMI <25 kg/m2) adults (≥18 years).ResultsOf the normal-weight adults, 13.62% had prediabetes. TyG-waist-to-height ratio (TyG-WHTR) was significantly associated with prediabetes among normal-weight men [OR per 1-SD 2.68; 95% CI (1.67–4.32)] and women [OR per 1-SD 2.82; 95% CI (1.61–4.94)]. Compared with other indices, TyG-WHTR had the highest area under the curve (AUC) value for prediabetes in men [AUC: 0.76, 95% CI (0.70–0.81)] and women [AUC: 0.73, 95% CI (0.66–0.80)], and performed significantly higher than other indices (p < 0.05) in detecting prediabetes in men. Tyg-WHTR shared similar diagnostic values as fasting plasma glucose (FPG).DiscussionOur findings suggest that the TyG-WHTR index could be a better indicator of prediabetes for general clinical usage in normal weight Qatari adult men than other obesity and TyG-related indices. TyG-WHTR can help identify a person’s risk for developing prediabetes in both men and women when combined with FPG results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neyla S. Al Akl
- Qatar Foundation, Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Halima Bensmail
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Qatar Foundation, Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- Qatar Foundation, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Abdelilah Arredouani,
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166
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Merve D, Irfan A, Tugba DKN, Inci SE. Determination of the roles of cADPR and NAADP as intracellular calcium mobilizing messengers in S1P-induced contractions in rat bladders having IC/PBS. Life Sci 2023; 322:121651. [PMID: 37023954 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is characterized by lower abdominal pain and increased frequency and urgency of urine. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that plays role in calcium homeostasis in smooth muscle. The intracellular calcium mobilizing secondary messengers are also involved in smooth muscle contraction. The role of intracellular calcium storing depots in S1P-induced contraction was investigated in permeabilized detrusor smooth muscle having cystitis. MAIN METHODS IC/PBS was induced by cyclophosphamide injection. The detrusor smooth muscle strips isolated from rats were permeabilized with β-escin. KEY FINDINGS S1P-induced contraction was increased in cystitis. S1P-induced enhanced contraction was inhibited by cyclopiazonic acid, ryanodine and heparin showing involvement of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium stores. Inhibition of S1P-induced contraction by bafilomycin and NAADP suggested the participation of lysosome-related organelles. SIGNIFICANCE IC/PBS triggers S1P-induced increase in intracellular calcium from SR and lysosome-related organelles in permeabilized detrusor smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denizalti Merve
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anjum Irfan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sahin-Erdemli Inci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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167
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Chen JX, Zhi JW, Wang YP, Ning B. LncRNA-PEAK1 promotes neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage by miR-466i-5p/caspase 8 axis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15091. [PMID: 37095973 PMCID: PMC10121795 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background At present, the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)-induced secondary brain injury (ISB) is limited, and the curative effect is not good. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a role in ISB after ICH. We preliminarily monitored the induction effect of lncRNA-pseudopodium-enriched atypical kinase 1 (PEAK1) on neuronal cell apoptosis after ICH through our previous study and further experimental verification. However, the specific role and mechanism of lncRNA-PEAK1 in neuronal cell apoptosis after ICH have not been reported. Methods ICH cell models were established with hemin. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, respectively. Moreover, lncRNA expression associated with apoptosis was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The biological functions of lncRNA-PEAK1, miR-466i-5p, and caspase8 were conducted in vitro. Further, we used bioinformatics, a dual-luciferase reporter assay, and rescue experiments to understand the mechanisms of competitive endogenous RNAs. Results qRT-PCR revealed that lncRNA-PEAK1 was markedly upregulated in ICH cell models. LncRNA-PEAK1 knockdown decreased the interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, promoted cell proliferation, weakened cell apoptosis, and downregulated the key molecular protein levels involved in the cell apoptosis pathway. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that lncRNA bound to miR-466i-5p, and caspase 8 was a target of miR-466i-5p. The mechanistic analysis demonstrated that lncRNA-PEAK1/miR-466i-5p promoted neuronal cell apoptosis by activating the apoptosis pathway through caspase8 after ICH. Conclusion Collectively, our investigation identified that the lncRNA-PEAK1/miR-446i-5p/caspase8 axis is closely related to neuronal cell apoptosis after ICH. Additionally, lncRNA-PEAK1 may be a potential target for ICH intervention.
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168
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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169
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Miura Y, Tsumoto H, Masui Y, Inagaki H, Ogawa M, Ideno Y, Kawakami K, Umezawa K, Kabayama M, Akagi Y, Akasaka H, Yamamoto K, Rakugi H, Ishizaki T, Arai Y, Ikebe K, Kamide K, Gondo Y, Endo T. A characteristic N-glycopeptide signature associated with diabetic cognitive impairment identified in a longitudinal cohort study. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130316. [PMID: 36720372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying a biomarker for the decline in cognitive function in patients with diabetes is important. Therefore, we aimed to identify the N-glycopeptides on plasma proteins associated with diabetic cognitive impairment in participants in a longitudinal study using N-glycoproteomics. METHODS We used samples from the 3-year SONIC (Septuagenarians, Octogenarians, Nonagenarians Investigation with Centenarians) longitudinal cohort study of older Japanese people in the general population. First, we placed the participants with diabetes into two groups: those that did or did not have cognitive decline over a 6-year period. Next, their plasma protein profiles were compared between baseline and the 6-year time point using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis. Finally, an N-glycoproteomic study of the focused proteins was performed using an enrichment technique and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Approximately 500 N-glycopeptides, derived from 18 proteins, were identified in each sample, from among which we identified the N-glycopeptides that were associated with diabetic cognitive impairment using multivariate analysis. We found that N-glycopeptides with sialylated tri- or tetra-antennary glycans on alpha-2-macroglobulin, clusterin, serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 1, and haptoglobin were less abundant, whereas 3-sialylated tri-antennary N-glycopeptides on serotransferrin were more abundant. CONCLUSION N-glycopeptides with sialylated multi-antennary glycans comprise a characteristic signature associated with diabetic cognitive impairment. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The characterized N-glycopeptides represent potential biomarker candidates for diabetic cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yukie Masui
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inagaki
- Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuta Ideno
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kyojiro Kawakami
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Keitaro Umezawa
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Mai Kabayama
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Akagi
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akasaka
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamamoto
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Rakugi
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Ishizaki
- Research Team for Human Care, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Arai
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ikebe
- Department of Prosthodontics, Gerontology, and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kei Kamide
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Gondo
- Department of Clinical Thanatology and Geriatric Behavioral Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Human Sciences, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tamao Endo
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Cheng WHG, Mi Y, Dong W, Tse ETY, Wong CKH, Bedford LE, Lam CLK. Non-Laboratory-Based Risk Prediction Tools for Undiagnosed Pre-Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071294. [PMID: 37046512 PMCID: PMC10093270 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of pre-diabetes (pre-DM) can prevent DM and related complications. This review examined studies on non-laboratory-based pre-DM risk prediction tools to identify important predictors and evaluate their performance. PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL were searched in February 2023. Studies that developed tools with: (1) pre-DM as a prediction outcome, (2) fasting/post-prandial blood glucose/HbA1c as outcome measures, and (3) non-laboratory predictors only were included. The studies’ quality was assessed using the CASP Clinical Prediction Rule Checklist. Data on pre-DM definitions, predictors, validation methods, performances of the tools were extracted for narrative synthesis. A total of 6398 titles were identified and screened. Twenty-four studies were included with satisfactory quality. Eight studies (33.3%) developed pre-DM risk tools and sixteen studies (66.7%) focused on pre-DM and DM risks. Age, family history of DM, diagnosed hypertension and obesity measured by BMI and/or WC were the most common non-laboratory predictors. Existing tools showed satisfactory internal discrimination (AUROC: 0.68–0.82), sensitivity (0.60–0.89), and specificity (0.50–0.74). Only twelve studies (50.0%) had validated their tools externally, with a variance in the external discrimination (AUROC: 0.31–0.79) and sensitivity (0.31–0.92). Most non-laboratory-based risk tools for pre-DM detection showed satisfactory performance in their study populations. The generalisability of these tools was unclear since most lacked external validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Ho-Gi Cheng
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuqi Mi
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weinan Dong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emily Tsui-Yee Tse
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China
| | - Carlos King-Ho Wong
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Laura Elizabeth Bedford
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy Lo-Kuen Lam
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Family Medicine, The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518009, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +852-2518-5657
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Mohammad A, Babiker F, Al-Bader M. Effects of Apocynin, a NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor, in the Protection of the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:492. [PMID: 37111249 PMCID: PMC10141704 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia and perfusion (I/R) induce inflammation and oxidative stress, which play a notable role in tissue damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) in the protection of the heart from I/R injury. Hearts isolated from Wistar rats (n = 8 per group) were perfused with a modified Langendorff preparation. Left ventricular (LV) contractility and cardiovascular hemodynamics were evaluated by a data acquisition program, and infarct size was evaluated by 2,3,5-Triphenyl-2H-tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Furthermore, the effect of apocynin on the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was evaluated using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hearts were subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia, produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, followed by 30 min of reperfusion. Hearts were infused with apocynin before ischemia, during ischemia or at reperfusion. To understand the potential pathways of apocynin protection of the heart, a nitric oxide donor (S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, SNAP), nitric oxide blocker (N (gamma)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-Name), nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) inhibiter (Ned-K), cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) agonist, or CD38 blocker (Thiazoloquin (az)olin (on)e compound, 78c) was infused with apocynin. Antioxidants were evaluated by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. Apocynin infusion before ischemia or at reperfusion protected the heart by normalizing cardiac hemodynamics and decreasing the infarct size. Apocynin treatment resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant levels. Apocynin infusion protected the heart by improving LV hemodynamics and coronary vascular dynamics. This treatment decreased the infarct size and inflammatory cytokine levels and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine and antioxidant levels. This protection follows a pathway involving CD38, nitric oxide and acidic stores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fawzi Babiker
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait
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Halcrow PW, Kumar N, Hao E, Khan N, Meucci O, Geiger JD. Mu opioid receptor-mediated release of endolysosome iron increases levels of mitochondrial iron, reactive oxygen species, and cell death. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:19-35. [PMID: 37027339 PMCID: PMC10070011 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Opioids including morphine and DAMGO activate mu-opioid receptors (MOR), increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and induce cell death. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) through Fenton-like chemistry increases ROS levels and endolysosomes are "master regulators of iron metabolism" and contain readily-releasable Fe2+ stores. However, mechanisms underlying opioid-induced changes in endolysosome iron homeostasis and downstream-signaling events remain unclear. Methods We used SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy to measure Fe2+ and ROS levels and cell death. Results Morphine and DAMGO de-acidified endolysosomes, decreased endolysosome Fe2+ levels, increased cytosol and mitochondria Fe2+ and ROS levels, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, and induced cell death; effects blocked by the nonselective MOR antagonist naloxone and the selective MOR antagonist β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA). Deferoxamine, an endolysosome-iron chelator, inhibited opioid agonist-induced increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial Fe2+ and ROS. Opioid-induced efflux of endolysosome Fe2+ and subsequent Fe2+ accumulation in mitochondria were blocked by the endolysosome-resident two-pore channel inhibitor NED-19 and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor TRO. Conclusions Opioid agonist-induced increases in cytosolic and mitochondrial Fe2+ and ROS as well as cell death appear downstream of endolysosome de-acidification and Fe2+ efflux from the endolysosome iron pool that is sufficient to affect other organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W. Halcrow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Nirmal Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Emily Hao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drexel University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Geiger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Tokunaga K, Nakamura H, Toue S, Kato Y, Ida Y, Miyoshi S, Yoneyama R, Ohnishi H, Hisamatsu T, Okamoto S. Plasma free amino acid profiles are associated with serum high molecular weight adiponectin levels in Japanese medical check-up population without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Amino Acids 2023:10.1007/s00726-023-03257-6. [PMID: 36930326 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
To prevent the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), early detection and intervention are important. Several studies have already shown that the serum adiponectin level could be useful for evaluating the future risk of T2DM. Recently, plasma free amino acid (PFAA) concentrations have also emerged as potential biomarkers that predict the future onset of T2DM. In this study, we aimed to further characterise PFAA profiles by elucidating the association with the serum high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin level in this cross-sectional study. A total of 1000 Japanese subjects who underwent medical check-ups were enrolled, and their plasma concentrations of 21 amino acids and clinical parameters were measured. The subjects without T2DM were divided into quartiles (Q1-4) by serum HMW adiponectin level, and the association with between PFAA concentrations was analysed. Concentrations of glutamate, alanine, proline, tyrosine, histidine, methionine, lysine, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and tryptophan varied significantly according to the adiponectin quartile. Furthermore, serum adiponectin levels showed significant inverse correlations with these amino acids. The change in the PFAA profile in the group with the lowest adiponectin concentrations (Q1) was similar to that of T2DM patients. Although both adiponectin levels and PFAA concentrations are known to be altered by the accumulation of visceral fat and insulin resistance, the levels of glutamate, BCAA, lysine and tryptophan remain significantly associated with adiponectin level after adjustment for age, body mass index and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, showing the direct association between PFAA concentrations and the serum HMW adiponectin level. Registration number: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR) UMIN000029920, registered on Nov 13th 2017 (prospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Tokunaga
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Nakamura
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Sakino Toue
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yumiko Kato
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-1 Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yosuke Ida
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sawako Miyoshi
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Rika Yoneyama
- Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Okamoto
- Department of General Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
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Kounoupa Z, Tivodar S, Theodorakis K, Kyriakis D, Denaxa M, Karagogeos D. Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases and TPC2 are required for axonal outgrowth and migration of cortical interneurons. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286920. [PMID: 36744839 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases, among them Rac1 and Rac3, are major transducers of extracellular signals and are involved in multiple cellular processes. In cortical interneurons, the neurons that control the balance between excitation and inhibition of cortical circuits, Rac1 and Rac3 are essential for their development. Ablation of both leads to a severe reduction in the numbers of mature interneurons found in the murine cortex, which is partially due to abnormal cell cycle progression of interneuron precursors and defective formation of growth cones in young neurons. Here, we present new evidence that upon Rac1 and Rac3 ablation, centrosome, Golgi complex and lysosome positioning is significantly perturbed, thus affecting both interneuron migration and axon growth. Moreover, for the first time, we provide evidence of altered expression and localization of the two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) voltage-gated ion channel that mediates Ca2+ release. Pharmacological inhibition of TPC2 negatively affected axonal growth and migration of interneurons. Our data, taken together, suggest that TPC2 contributes to the severe phenotype in axon growth initiation, extension and interneuron migration in the absence of Rac1 and Rac3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouzana Kounoupa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Simona Tivodar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Kostas Theodorakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Myrto Denaxa
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Al. Fleming', Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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175
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Pereira CADS, Medaglia NDC, Ureshino RP, Bincoletto C, Antonioli M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M, Pereira GJDS, Erustes AG, Smaili SS. NAADP-Evoked Ca2+ Signaling Leads to Mutant Huntingtin Aggregation and Autophagy Impairment in Murine Astrocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065593. [PMID: 36982672 PMCID: PMC10058390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by mutations in the huntingtin gene (mHtt), causing an unstable repeat of the CAG trinucleotide, leading to abnormal long repeats of polyglutamine (poly-Q) in the N-terminal region of the huntingtin, which form abnormal conformations and aggregates. Alterations in Ca2+ signaling are involved in HD models and the accumulation of mutated huntingtin interferes with Ca2+ homeostasis. Lysosomes are intracellular Ca2+ storages that participate in endocytic and lysosomal degradation processes, including autophagy. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is an intracellular second messenger that promotes Ca2+ release from the endo-lysosomal system via Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) activation. Herein, we show the impact of lysosomal Ca2+ signals on mHtt aggregation and autophagy blockade in murine astrocytes overexpressing mHtt-Q74. We observed that mHtt-Q74 overexpression causes an increase in NAADP-evoked Ca2+ signals and mHtt aggregation, which was inhibited in the presence of Ned-19, a TPC antagonist, or BAPTA-AM, a Ca2+ chelator. Additionally, TPC2 silencing revert the mHtt aggregation. Furthermore, mHtt has been shown co-localized with TPC2 which may contribute to its effects on lysosomal homeostasis. Moreover, NAADP-mediated autophagy was also blocked since its function is dependent on lysosomal functionality. Taken together, our data show that increased levels of cytosolic Ca2+ mediated by NAADP causes mHtt aggregation. Additionally, mHtt co-localizes with the lysosomes, where it possibly affects organelle functions and impairs autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Arruda de Souza Pereira
- Departament of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Castro Medaglia
- Departament of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Portes Ureshino
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Departament of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “L. Spallanzani”, 00149 Rome, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gustavo José da Silva Pereira
- Departament of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Departament of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4449
| | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Departament of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil
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176
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Čásenská J, Franeková J, Mačinga P, Jabor A. Significant elevations of serum amylase caused by macroamylase: Case reports and detection possibilities. J Clin Lab Anal 2023; 37:e24859. [PMID: 36916750 PMCID: PMC10098064 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of isolated elevated serum amylase levels can be caused by high molecular mass complexes. We describe 13 cases of hyperamylasemia detected in adult patients without clinical symptoms of a pancreatic disorder. Five of them were thoroughly examined using different tools for the detection of macrocomplexes. METHODS We performed both screening and more advanced methods of macroamylase detection, including polyethylene glycol precipitation, sample storage at 4°C and separation by gel filtration. RESULTS The presence of macroamylase in the suspected samples was confirmed by the methods described, except for the sample storage at 4°C. In this method, the enzyme activity did not decrease. The polyethylene glycol precipitation activity (% PPA) averaged 89.1% for amylase, whereas the control samples averaged 30.7%. Gel filtration chromatography confirmed an IgA macroamylase peak in three samples and an IgG macroamylase peak in two samples. CONCLUSION The presence of macroamylase should be suspected whenever the clinical history and condition of the patient do not match the measured enzyme value to avoid diagnostic errors and unnecessary invasive examinations. The presence of macrocomplexes is considered a benign process that may occur in apparently healthy individuals. Cooperation between clinicians and laboratory staff is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Čásenská
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Praha, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Janka Franeková
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Praha, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mačinga
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Jabor
- Department of Laboratory Methods, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Praha, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
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177
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Övermöhle C, Waniek S, Rimbach G, Weber KS, Lieb W. Plasma Ferritin Concentrations in the General Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Anthropometric, Metabolic, and Dietary Correlates. J Nutr 2023; 153:1524-1533. [PMID: 36906150 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated concentrations of ferritin seem to be detrimental to human health while being quite common in the elderly. Data on dietary, anthropometric, and metabolic correlates of circulating ferritin levels in the elderly are scant. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify a dietary pattern, anthropometric, and metabolic traits associated with plasma ferritin status in an elderly cohort (n = 460, 57% male, age: 66 ± 12 y) from Northern Germany. METHODS Plasma ferritin levels were measured by immunoturbidimetry. Reduced rank regression (RRR) yielded a dietary pattern explaining 13% of the variation in circulating ferritin concentrations. Cross-sectional associations of anthropometric and metabolic traits with plasma ferritin concentrations were assessed using multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to identify nonlinear associations. RESULTS The RRR pattern was characterized by a high intake of potatoes, certain vegetables, beef, pork, processed meat, fats (frying and animal fat), and beer and a low intake of snacks, representing elements of the traditional German diet. BMI, waist circumference, and CRP were directly, HDL cholesterol inversely, and age nonlinearly associated with plasma ferritin concentrations (all P < 0.05). After additional adjustment for CRP, only the association of ferritin with age remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION Higher plasma ferritin concentrations were associated with a traditional German dietary pattern. The associations of ferritin with unfavorable anthropometric traits and low HDL cholesterol were rendered statistically nonsignificant upon additional adjustment for chronic systemic inflammation (CRP), suggesting that these associations were largely driven by the proinflammatory role of ferritin (an acute-phase reactant). J Nutr 20xx;x:xx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Övermöhle
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sabina Waniek
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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178
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Wahl-Schott C, Freichel M, Hennis K, Philippaert K, Ottenheijm R, Tsvilovskyy V, Varbanov H. Characterization of Endo-Lysosomal Cation Channels Using Calcium Imaging. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:277-304. [PMID: 36894791 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Endo-lysosomes are membrane-bound acidic organelles that are involved in endocytosis, recycling, and degradation of extracellular and intracellular material. The membranes of endo-lysosomes express several Ca2+-permeable cation ion channels, including two-pore channels (TPC1-3) and transient receptor potential mucolipin channels (TRPML1-3). In this chapter, we will describe four different state-of-the-art Ca2+ imaging approaches, which are well-suited to investigate the function of endo-lysosomal cation channels. These techniques include (1) global cytosolic Ca2+ measurements, (2) peri-endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging using genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors that are directed to the cytosolic endo-lysosomal membrane surface, (3) Ca2+ imaging of endo-lysosomal cation channels, which are engineered in order to redirect them to the plasma membrane in combination with approaches 1 and 2, and (4) Ca2+ imaging by directing Ca2+ indicators to the endo-lysosomal lumen. Moreover, we will review useful small molecules, which can be used as valuable tools for endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging. Rather than providing complete protocols, we will discuss specific methodological issues related to endo-lysosomal Ca2+ imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wahl-Schott
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Lehrstuhl für Vegetative Physiologie, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany.
| | - Marc Freichel
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Konstantin Hennis
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Lehrstuhl für Vegetative Physiologie, Biomedizinisches Zentrum, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Koenraad Philippaert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roger Ottenheijm
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Tsvilovskyy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg/Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hristo Varbanov
- Institut für Neurophysiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover(MHH), Hannover, Germany
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179
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Luo JJ, Chen XH, Liang PY, Zhao Z, Wu T, Li ZH, Wan SH, Luo J, Pang JX, Zhang JJ, Tian YX. Mechanism of anti-hyperuricemia of isobavachin based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Comput Biol Med 2023; 155:106637. [PMID: 36791549 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is a more popular metabolic disease caused by a disorder of purine metabolism. Our previous study firstly screened out a natural product Isobavachin as anti-hyperuricemia targeted hURAT1 from a Chinese medicine Haitongpi (Cortex Erythrinae). In view of Isobavachin's diverse pharmacological activities, similar to the Tranilast (as another hURAT1 inhibitor), our study focused on its potential targets and molecular mechanisms of Isobavachin anti-hyperuricemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS First of all, the putative target genes of compounds were screen out based on the public databases with different methods, such as SwissTargetPerdiction, PharmMapper and TargetNet,etc. Then the compound-pathways were obtained by the compounds' targets gene from David database for Gene Ontology (GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment analysis. The cross pathways of compound-pathways and the diseases pathways of hyperuricemia from Comparative Toxicogenomics Database were be considered as the compound-disease pathways. Next, based on the compound-disease pathways and the PPI network, the core targets were identified based on the retrieved disease-genes. Finally, the compound-target-pathway-disease network was constructed by Cytoscape and the mechanism of isobavachin anti-hyperuricemia was discussed based on the network analysis. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that there were five pathways involved in Isobavachin against hyperuricemia, including Drug metabolism-other enzymes, Metabolic pathways, Bile secretion, Renin-angiotensin system and Renin secretion. Among the proteins involved in these pathways, HPRT1, REN and ABCG2 were identified as the core targets associated with hyperuricemia, which regulated the five pathways mentioned above. It is quite different from that of Tranilast, which involved in the same pathways except Bile secretion instead of purine metabolism. CONCLUSION This study revealed Isobavachin could regulate the pathways including Drug metabolism-other enzymes, Metabolic pathways, Bile secretion, Renin-angiotensin system, Renin secretion by core targets HPRT1, REN and ABCG2, in the treatment of hyperuricemia effect. Among them, the Bile secretion regulated by ABCG2 probably would be a novel pathway. Our work provided a theoretical basis for the pharmacological study of Isobavachin in lowering uric acid and further basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Peng-Ying Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zean Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Zhong-Huang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Shan-He Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Jia-Jie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
| | - Yuan-Xin Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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Tedeschi V, Vinciguerra A, Sisalli MJ, Pignataro G, Secondo A. Pharmacological inhibition of lysosomal two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) confers neuroprotection in stroke via autophagy regulation. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106020. [PMID: 36708960 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal function and organellar Ca2+ homeostasis become dysfunctional in Stroke causing disturbances in autophagy, the major process for the degradation of abnormal protein aggregates and dysfunctional organelles. However, the role of autophagy in Stroke is controversial since excessive or prolonged autophagy activation exacerbates ischemic brain injury. Of note, glutamate evokes NAADP-dependent Ca2+ release via lysosomal TPC2 channels thus controlling basal autophagy. Considering the massive release of excitotoxins in Stroke, autophagic flux becomes uncontrolled with abnormal formation of autophagosomes causing, in turn, disruption of excitotoxins clearance and neurodegeneration. Here, a fine regulation of autophagy via a proper pharmacological modulation of lysosomal TPC2 channel has been tested in preclinical Stroke models. Primary cortical neurons were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation+reoxygenation to reproduce in vitro brain ischemia. Focal brain ischemia was induced in rats by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). Under these conditions, TPC2 protein expression as well as autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers were studied by Western blotting, while TPC2 localization and activity were measured by immunocytochemistry and single-cell video-imaging, respectively. TPC2 protein expression and immunosignal were highly modulated in primary cortical neurons exposed to extreme hypoxic conditions causing dysfunction in organellar Ca2+ homeostasis, ER stress and autophagy-induced cell death. TPC2 knocking down and pharmacological inhibition by Ned-19 during hypoxia induced neuroprotection. The effect of Ned-19 was reversed by the permeable form of TPC2 endogenous agonist, NAADP-AM. Of note, Ned-19 prevented ER stress, as measured by GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein) protein reduction and caspase 9 downregulation. In this way Ned-19 restored organellar Ca2+ level. Interestingly, Ned-19 reduced the infarct volume and neurological deficits in rats subjected to tMCAO and prevented hypoxia-induced cell death by blocking autophagic flux. Collectively, the pharmacological inhibition of TPC2 lysosomal channel by Ned-19 protects from focal ischemia by hampering a hyperfunctional autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, School of Medicine, University "Politecnica delle Marche", Via Tronto 10/A, Ancona 60126, Italy.
| | - Maria Josè Sisalli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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181
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Just A, Mallmann RT, Grossmann S, Sleman F, Klugbauer N. Two-pore channel protein TPC1 is a determining factor for the adaptation of proximal tubular phosphate handling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 237:e13914. [PMID: 36599408 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Two-pore channels (TPCs) constitute a small family of cation channels expressed in endo-lysosomal compartments. TPCs have been characterized as critical elements controlling Ca2+ -mediated vesicular membrane fusion and thereby regulating endo-lysosomal vesicle trafficking. Exo- and endocytotic trafficking and lysosomal degradation are major mechanisms of adaption of epithelial transport. A prime example of highly regulated epithelial transport is the tubular system of the kidney. We therefore studied the localization of TPC protein 1 (TPC1) in the kidney and its functional role in the dynamic regulation of tubular transport. METHODS Immunohistochemistry in combination with tubular markers were used to investigate TPC1 expression in proximal and distal tubules. The excretion of phosphate and ammonium, as well as urine volume and pH were studied in vivo, in response to dynamic challenges induced by bolus injection of parathyroid hormone or acid-base transitions via consecutive infusion of NaCl, Na2 CO3 , and NH4 Cl. RESULTS In TPC1-deficient mice, the PTH-induced rise in phosphate excretion was prolonged and exaggerated, and its recovery delayed in comparison with wildtype littermates. In the acid-base transition experiment, TPC1-deficient mice showed an identical rise in phosphate excretion in response to Na2 CO3 compared with wildtypes, but a delayed NH4Cl-induced recovery. Ammonium-excretion decreased with Na2 CO3 , and increased with NH4 Cl, but without differences between genotypes. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that TPC1 is expressed subapically in the proximal but not distal tubule and plays an important role in the dynamic adaptation of proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption towards enhanced, but not reduced absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Just
- Institut für Physiologie I, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert T Mallmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Grossmann
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Faten Sleman
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Klugbauer
- Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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182
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Kupjetz M, Patt N, Joisten N, Ueland PM, McCann A, Gonzenbach R, Bansi J, Zimmer P. The serum kynurenine pathway metabolic profile is associated with overweight and obesity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 72:104592. [PMID: 36881945 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity increase multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, disease severity, and disability progression. Kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation is present in overweight and obesity, and in MS. Since the effect of overweight and obesity on KP dysregulation in persons with MS (pwMS) remains to be established, this study primarily aims to explore the effect of overweight and obesity on the serum KP metabolic profile in pwMS. METHODS This cross-sectional study represents a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial at Valens rehabilitation clinic, Switzerland. Registration was performed on 22 April 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04356248, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04356248). The first participant was enrolled on 13 July 2020. Based on body mass index (BMI), 106 MS inpatients (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 6.5) were dichotomised to a lean group (LG, BMI < 25 kg/m2), and an overweight/obese group (OG, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was performed to determine serum concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), KP downstream metabolites, and neopterin (Neopt). Correlations between BMI, kynurenine-to-TRP ratio (KTR), and serum concentrations of TRP, KP downstream metabolites, and Neopt were calculated. ANCOVA was used to determine differences in KTR, and serum concentrations of TRP, KP downstream metabolites and Neopt between OG and LG, and across MS phenotypes. RESULTS Higher BMI correlated with higher KTR (r = 0.425, p <0.001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites, but not with EDSS score. Higher KTR (r = 0.470, p < .001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites correlated with a higher serum concentration of Neopt. The OG (n = 44, 59% female, 51.68 (9.98) years, EDSS: 4.71 (1.37)) revealed higher KTR (0.026 (0.007) vs. 0.022 (0.006), p=.001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites than the LG (n = 62, 71% female, 48.37 (9.63) years, EDSS: 4.60 (1.29)). KP metabolic profiles did not differ between MS phenotypes. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity are associated with a systemic elevation of KP metabolic flux and an accumulation of most KP downstream metabolites in pwMS. Further research is needed to clarify if KP involvement serves as a mechanism linking overweight and obesity with symptom expression, disease severity, and disability progression in pwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kupjetz
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Patt
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget, 9 etg, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian McCann
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget, 9 etg, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Roman Gonzenbach
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland
| | - Jens Bansi
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland; Department of Health, OST - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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183
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Farup PG, Hamarsland H, Mølmen KS, Ellefsen S, Hestad K. The Kynurenine Pathway in Healthy Subjects and Subjects with Obesity, Depression and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030351. [PMID: 36986451 PMCID: PMC10053928 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Changes in tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP) are observed in several disorders and coupled with pathophysiological deviations. Methods: This study retrospectively compared the KP in serum in healthy subjects (108) with subjects with obesity (141), depression (49), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (22) participating in four clinical studies and explored predictors of the changes in the KP metabolites. Results: Compared with the healthy group, the KP was upregulated in the disease groups with high kynurenine, quinolinic acid (QA), kynurenine/tryptophan-ratio and QA/xanthurenic acid-ratio and low kynurenic acid/QA-ratio. Tryptophan and xanthurenic acid were upregulated in the depressed group compared with the groups with obesity and COPD. The covariates BMI, smoking, diabetes, and C-reactive protein explained the significant differences between the healthy group and the group with obesity but not between the healthy group and the groups with depression and COPD, indicating that different pathophysiological conditions result in the same changes in the KP. Conclusions: The KP was significantly upregulated in the disease groups compared with the healthy group, and there were significant differences between the disease groups. Different pathophysiological abnormalities seemed to result in the same deviations in the KP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per G. Farup
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Håvard Hamarsland
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Knut Sindre Mølmen
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Stian Ellefsen
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Knut Hestad
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2418 Elverum, Norway
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184
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van Zundert SKM, Griffioen PH, van Rossem L, Willemsen SP, de Rijke YB, van Schaik RHN, Steegers-Theunissen RPM, Mirzaian M. Simultaneous quantification of tryptophan metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry during early human pregnancy. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:442-451. [PMID: 36458576 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study we describe the development and validation of a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) to quantify five tryptophan (TRP) metabolites within the kynurenine- and serotonin pathway and apply the method to serum samples of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. A secondary aim was to investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the five analytes. METHODS A LC-MS/MS was developed for the analysis of TRP, kynurenine (KYN), 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA). Serum samples (n=374) were analyzed of pregnant women (median gestational age: 8 ± 2 weeks) participating in a subcohort of the Rotterdam Periconceptional Cohort (Predict study). RESULTS The LC-MS/MS method provided satisfactory separation of the five analytes (7 min run). For all analytes R2 was >0.995. Within- and between-run accuracies were 72-97% and 79-104%, and the precisions were all <15% except for the between-run precisions of the low QC-samples of 5-HTP and 5-HT (both 16%). Analyte concentrations were determined in serum samples of pregnant women (median (IQR)); TRP (µmol/L): 57.5 (13.4), KYN (µmol/L): 1.4 (0.4), 5-HTP (nmol/L): 4.1 (1.2), 5-HT (nmol/L): 615 (323.1), and 5-HIAA (nmol/L): 39.9 (17.0). BMI was negatively correlated with TRP, 5-HTP, and 5-HIAA (TRP: r=-0.18, p<0.001; 5-HTP: r=-0.13, p=0.02; natural log of 5-HIAA: r=-0.11, p=0.04), and positively with KYN (r=0.11, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS The LC-MS/MS method is able to accurately quantify kynurenine- and serotonin pathway metabolites in pregnant women, providing an opportunity to investigate the role of the TRP metabolism in the (patho)physiology of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie K M van Zundert
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter H Griffioen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lenie van Rossem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sten P Willemsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yolanda B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron H N van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mina Mirzaian
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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185
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Goh AT, Yao J, Chua XH, Whitton C, van Dam RM, Forde CG. Associations between oral processing, saliva, and bolus properties on daily glucose excursions amongst people at risk of type-2 diabetes. Food Funct 2023; 14:2260-2269. [PMID: 36762552 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: A greater time spent with glucose above the normal range (TAR) has been associated with poorer glycaemic control amongst pre-diabetic individuals. Individual differences in oral processing behaviours and saliva amylase activity have been shown to influence glucose responses. Objective: The current study is a preliminary exploration of the associations of oral processing behaviours, bolus characteristics, and salivary amylase activity with the variability in daily glucose excursions within a free-living setting in populations with an elevated risk of type-2 diabetes. Method: Participant oral processing behaviour was derived from video recordings while they consumed a test meal. Post-meal bolus characteristics and saliva properties were measured. Participants were fitted with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) which monitored blood glucose fluctuation over 7 consecutive free-living days. Dietary intake was recorded through a smartphone application and physical activity was monitored using a wrist worn accelerometer. Results: Participants varied in daily time spent with glucose above the normal range (>7.8 mmol l-1) from 0% to 15%. Greater saliva uptake in the bolus was associated with a higher time spent above the normal range for glucose (β = 0.067 [95% CI = 0.015, 0.120]; p < 0.05), which remained significant after adjustment for dietary carbohydrate intake and BMI. Salivary amylase and saliva flow rate were not significantly associated with the time spent above the normal range. Conclusion: In addition to conventional dietary factors, more research is needed to understand how eating behaviours such as oro-sensory exposure, bolus surface area, and saliva uptake contribute to daily variations in postprandial glucose excursions among populations with a higher risk of developing type-2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ting Goh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Jiali Yao
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Hui Chua
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Clare Whitton
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ciarán G Forde
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive, #07-02, MD 6 Building, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 117599, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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186
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Erdem MG, Unlu O, Demirci M. Could Long Non-Coding RNA MEG3 and PTENP1 Interact with miR-21 in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease? Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020574. [PMID: 36831110 PMCID: PMC9953690 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The miRNAs and lncRNAs are important endogenous ncRNAs families that can regulate molecular mechanisms. The aim of this study was to analyze the miRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in serum samples of NAFLD patients with different types of hepatosteatosis compared to healthy controls by the qPCR method. A total of180 NAFLD patients and 60 healthy controls were included. miRCURY LNA miRNA miRNome PCR human panel I + II kit and LncProfiler qPCR Array Kit were used to detect miRNA and lncRNA expression, respectively. DIANA miRPath and DIANA-lncBase web servers were used for interaction analysis. As a result, 75 miRNA and 24 lncRNA expression changes were determined. For miRNAs and lncRNAs, 30 and 5 were downregulated and 45 and 19 were upregulated, respectively. hsa-miR-21 was upregulated 2-fold whereas miR-197 was downregulated 0.25-fold. Among lncRNAs, NEAT1 was upregulated 2.9-fold while lncRNA MEG3 was downregulated 0.41-fold. A weak correlation was found between hsa-miR-122 and lncRNA MALAT1. As a conclusion, it is clear that lncRNA-miRNA interaction is involved in the molecular mechanisms of the emergence of NAFLD. The lncRNAs MEG3 and PTENP1 interacted with hsa-miR-21. It was thought that this interaction should be investigated as a biomarker for the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Genco Erdem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beykent University, İstanbul 34398, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Unlu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Atlas University, İstanbul 34403, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirklareli University, Kırklareli 39100, Türkiye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-(288)-444-40-39; Fax: +90-(288)-212-96-79
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187
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Kohantorabi M, Wagstaffe M, Creutzburg M, Ugolotti A, Kulkarni S, Jeromin A, Krekeler T, Feuerherd M, Herrmann A, Ebert G, Protzer U, Guédez G, Löw C, Thuenauer R, Schlueter C, Gloskovskii A, Keller TF, Di Valentin C, Stierle A, Noei H. Adsorption and Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 on the Surface of Anatase TiO 2(101). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8770-8782. [PMID: 36723177 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current pandemic, on the surface of the model catalyst TiO2(101) using atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. Three different methods were employed to inactivate the virus after it was loaded on the surface of TiO2(101): (i) ethanol, (ii) thermal, and (iii) UV treatments. Microscopic studies demonstrate that the denatured spike proteins and other proteins in the virus structure readsorb on the surface of TiO2 under thermal and UV treatments. The interaction of the virus with the surface of TiO2 was different for the thermally and UV treated samples compared to the sample inactivated via ethanol treatment. AFM and TEM results on the UV-treated sample suggested that the adsorbed viral particles undergo damage and photocatalytic oxidation at the surface of TiO2(101) which can affect the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and denature the spike proteins in 30 min. The role of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) was investigated in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and TiO2(101). The presence of Pd NPs enhanced the adsorption of the virus due to the possible interaction of the spike protein with the NPs. This study is the first investigation of the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the surface of single crystalline TiO2(101) as a potential candidate for virus deactivation applications. Clarification of the interaction of the virus with the surface of semiconductor oxides will aid in obtaining a deeper understanding of the chemical processes involved in photoinactivation of microorganisms, which is important for the design of effective photocatalysts for air purification and self-cleaning materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kohantorabi
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Michael Wagstaffe
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Marcus Creutzburg
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Aldo Ugolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Satishkumar Kulkarni
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Arno Jeromin
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Tobias Krekeler
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Hamburg University of Technology, Eissendorfer Strasse 42, Hamburg 21073, Germany
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Munich, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Gregor Ebert
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Munich, Munich 81675, Germany
| | - Gabriela Guédez
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), EMBL Hamburg, Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Roland Thuenauer
- Technology Platform Light Microscopy and Image Analysis (TP MIA), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology (HPI), Hamburg 20251, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Christoph Schlueter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Andrei Gloskovskii
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Thomas F Keller
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Cristiana Di Valentin
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, Milano 20125, Italy
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 9-11, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Center for X-ray and Nano Science (CXNS), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
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188
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Ge X, Zheng M, Hu M, Fang X, Geng D, Liu S, Wang L, Zhang J, Guan L, Zheng P, Xie Y, Pan W, Zhou M, Zhou L, Tang R, Zheng K, Yu Y, Huang XF. Butyrate ameliorates quinolinic acid-induced cognitive decline in obesity models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:154612. [PMID: 36787221 PMCID: PMC9927952 DOI: 10.1172/jci154612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease associated with cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease. Low-grade inflammation is common in obesity, but the mechanism between inflammation and cognitive impairment in obesity is unclear. Accumulative evidence shows that quinolinic acid (QA), a neuroinflammatory neurotoxin, is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative processes. We investigated the role of QA in obesity-induced cognitive impairment and the beneficial effect of butyrate in counteracting impairments of cognition, neural morphology, and signaling. We show that in human obesity, there was a negative relationship between serum QA levels and cognitive function and decreased cortical gray matter. Diet-induced obese mice had increased QA levels in the cortex associated with cognitive impairment. At single-cell resolution, we confirmed that QA impaired neurons, altered the dendritic spine's intracellular signal, and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Using Caenorhabditis elegans models, QA induced dopaminergic and glutamatergic neuron lesions. Importantly, the gut microbiota metabolite butyrate was able to counteract those alterations, including cognitive impairment, neuronal spine loss, and BDNF reduction in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Finally, we show that butyrate prevented QA-induced BDNF reductions by epigenetic enhancement of H3K18ac at BDNF promoters. These findings suggest that increased QA is associated with cognitive decline in obesity and that butyrate alleviates neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxuan Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deqin Geng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Li Guan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yuanyi Xie
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menglu Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Limian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renxian Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kuiyang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghua Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu-Feng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Jiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI) and School of Medical, Indigenous, and Health, University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
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189
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Sebastian MJ, Khan SKA, Pappachan JM, Jeeyavudeen MS. Diabetes and cognitive function: An evidence-based current perspective. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:92-109. [PMID: 36926658 PMCID: PMC10011899 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i2.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies have clearly identified diabetes mellitus (DM) as a major risk factor for cognitive dysfunction, and it is going to be a major public health issue in the coming years because of the alarming rise in diabetes prevalence across the world. Brain and neural tissues predominantly depend on glucose as energy substrate and hence, any alterations in carbohydrate meta-bolism can directly impact on cerebral functional output including cognition, executive capacity, and memory. DM affects neuronal function and mental capacity in several ways, some of which include hypoperfusion of the brain tissues from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes-related alterations of glucose transporters causing abnormalities in neuronal glucose uptake and metabolism, local hyper- and hypometabolism of brain areas from insulin resistance, and recurrent hypoglycemic episodes inherent to pharmacotherapy of diabetes resulting in neuronal damage. Cognitive decline can further worsen diabetes care as DM is a disease largely self-managed by patients. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the pathobiology of cognitive dysfunction in relation to DM and its management for optimal long-term care plan for patients. A thorough appraisal of normal metabolic characteristics of the brain, how alterations in neural metabolism affects cognition, the diagnostic algorithm for patients with diabetes and dementia, and the management and prognosis of patients when they have this dangerous combination of illnesses is imperative in this context. This evidence-based narrative with the back-up of latest clinical trial reviews elaborates the current understanding on diabetes and cognitive function to empower physicians to manage their patients in day-to-day clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahanas KA Khan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph M Pappachan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Preston PR2 9HT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Sadiq Jeeyavudeen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospitals of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, United Kingdom
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190
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Martucci LL, Launay JM, Kawakami N, Sicard C, Desvignes N, Dakouane-Giudicelli M, Spix B, Têtu M, Gilmaire FO, Paulcan S, Callebert J, Vaillend C, Bracher F, Grimm C, Fossier P, de la Porte S, Sakamoto H, Morris J, Galione A, Granon S, Cancela JM. Endolysosomal TPCs regulate social behavior by controlling oxytocin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213682120. [PMID: 36745816 PMCID: PMC9963339 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213682120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a prominent regulator of many aspects of mammalian social behavior and stored in large dense-cored vesicles (LDCVs) in hypothalamic neurons. It is released in response to activity-dependent Ca2+ influx, but is also dependent on Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, which primes LDCVs for exocytosis. Despite its importance, critical aspects of the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms of its secretion remain to be identified. Here we show that lysosomes surround dendritic LDCVs, and that the direct activation of endolysosomal two-pore channels (TPCs) provides the critical Ca2+ signals to prime OT release by increasing the releasable LDCV pool without directly stimulating exocytosis. We observed a dramatic reduction in plasma OT levels in TPC knockout mice, and impaired secretion of OT from the hypothalamus demonstrating the importance of priming of neuropeptide vesicles for activity-dependent release. Furthermore, we show that activation of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptors sustains somatodendritic OT release by recruiting TPCs. The priming effect could be mimicked by a direct application of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, the endogenous messenger regulating TPCs, or a selective TPC2 agonist, TPC2-A1-N, or blocked by the antagonist Ned-19. Mice lacking TPCs exhibit impaired maternal and social behavior, which is restored by direct OT administration. This study demonstrates an unexpected role for lysosomes and TPCs in controlling neuropeptide secretion, and in regulating social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora L. Martucci
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Inserm, Evolution of Neuromuscular Diseases: Innovative Concepts and Practices, Versailles78000, France
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QT, UK
| | | | - Natsuko Kawakami
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama701-4303, Japan
| | - Cécile Sicard
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Nathalie Desvignes
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Mbarka Dakouane-Giudicelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Inserm, Evolution of Neuromuscular Diseases: Innovative Concepts and Practices, Versailles78000, France
| | - Barbara Spix
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich80336, Germany
| | - Maude Têtu
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Franck-Olivier Gilmaire
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Sloane Paulcan
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris75010, France
- Inserm UMR-S 1144 Universités Paris Descartes-Paris Diderot, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie - Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris Descartes,ParisParis 75006, France
| | - Cyrille Vaillend
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich80336, Germany
| | - Philippe Fossier
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - Sabine de la Porte
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Inserm, Evolution of Neuromuscular Diseases: Innovative Concepts and Practices, Versailles78000, France
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Ushimado, Setouchi, Okayama701-4303, Japan
| | - John Morris
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QX, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QT, UK
| | - Sylvie Granon
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
| | - José-Manuel Cancela
- Neuroscience Paris-Saclay Institute, CNRS UMR 9197, Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Saclay91400, France
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The Role of CD38 in the Pathogenesis of Cardiorenal Metabolic Disease and Aging, an Approach from Basic Research. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040595. [PMID: 36831262 PMCID: PMC9954496 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for the leading causes of mortality, and the incidence of age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and metabolic disease increases with age. NAD+ is a classic coenzyme that exists in all species, and that plays a crucial role in oxidation-reduction reactions. It is also involved in the regulation of many cellular functions including inflammation, oxidative stress and differentiation. NAD+ declines with aging in various organs, and the reduction in NAD+ is possibly involved in the development of age-related cellular dysfunction in cardiorenal metabolic organs through the accumulation of inflammation and oxidative stress. Levels of NAD+ are regulated by the balance between its synthesis and degradation. CD38 is the main NAD+-degrading enzyme, and CD38 is activated in response to inflammation with aging, which is associated with the reduction in NAD+ levels. In this review, focusing on CD38, we discuss the role of CD38 in aging and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases, including cardiorenal metabolic disease.
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192
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Fernandes B, Cavaco-Paulo A, Matamá T. A Comprehensive Review of Mammalian Pigmentation: Paving the Way for Innovative Hair Colour-Changing Cosmetics. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020290. [PMID: 36829566 PMCID: PMC9953601 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural colour of hair shafts is formed at the bulb of hair follicles, and it is coupled to the hair growth cycle. Three critical processes must happen for efficient pigmentation: (1) melanosome biogenesis in neural crest-derived melanocytes, (2) the biochemical synthesis of melanins (melanogenesis) inside melanosomes, and (3) the transfer of melanin granules to surrounding pre-cortical keratinocytes for their incorporation into nascent hair fibres. All these steps are under complex genetic control. The array of natural hair colour shades are ascribed to polymorphisms in several pigmentary genes. A myriad of factors acting via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms also contributes for hair colour diversity. Given the enormous social and cosmetic importance attributed to hair colour, hair dyeing is today a common practice. Nonetheless, the adverse effects of the long-term usage of such cosmetic procedures demand the development of new methods for colour change. In this context, case reports of hair lightening, darkening and repigmentation as a side-effect of the therapeutic usage of many drugs substantiate the possibility to tune hair colour by interfering with the biology of follicular pigmentary units. By scrutinizing mammalian pigmentation, this review pinpoints key targetable processes for the development of innovative cosmetics that can safely change the hair colour from the inside out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fernandes
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
| | - Teresa Matamá
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.C.-P.); (T.M.); Tel.: +351-253-604-409 (A.C.-P.); +351-253-601-599 (T.M.)
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193
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Li K, Bian J, Xiao Y, Wang D, Han L, He C, Gong L, Wang M. Changes in Pancreatic Senescence Mediate Pancreatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043513. [PMID: 36834922 PMCID: PMC9962587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant increase in age-related diseases due to the improvement in life expectancy worldwide. The pancreas undergoes various morphological and pathological changes with aging, such as pancreatic atrophy, fatty degeneration, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and exocrine pancreatic metaplasia. Meanwhile, these may predispose the individuals to aging-related diseases, such as diabetes, dyspepsia, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, and pancreatitis, as the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas are significantly affected by aging. Pancreatic senescence is associated with various underlying factors including genetic damage, DNA methylation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. This paper reviews the alternations of morphologies and functions in the aging pancreas, especially β-cells, closely related to insulin secretion. Finally, we summarize the mechanisms of pancreatic senescence to provide potential targets for treating pancreatic aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Yao Xiao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Da Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Caian He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (M.W.)
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194
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Conformational rearrangements in the second voltage sensor domain switch PIP 2- and voltage-gating modes in two-pore channels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2209569120. [PMID: 36724253 PMCID: PMC9963007 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209569120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) are activated by phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) binding to domain I and/or by voltage sensing in domain II (DII). Little is known about how these two stimuli are integrated, and how each TPC subtype achieves its unique preference. Here, we show that distinct conformations of DII-S4 in the voltage-sensor domain determine the two gating modes. DII-S4 adopts an intermediate conformation, and forced stabilization in this conformation was found to result in a high PIP2-dependence in primarily voltage-dependent TPC3. In TPC2, which is PIP2-gated and nonvoltage-dependent, a stabilized intermediate conformation does not affect the PIP2-gated currents. These results indicate that the intermediate state represents the PIP2-gating mode, which is distinct from the voltage-gating mode in TPCs. We also found in TPC2 that the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine induces DII-S4-based voltage dependence and that naringenin, a flavonoid, biases the mode preference from PIP2-gating to desipramine-induced voltage gating. Taken together, our study on TPCs revealed an unprecedented mode-switching mechanism involving conformational changes in DII-S4, and its active role in integrating voltage and PIP2 stimuli.
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195
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Kim SH, Yun C, Kwon D, Lee YH, Kwak JH, Jung YS. Effect of Isoquercitrin on Free Fatty Acid-Induced Lipid Accumulation in HepG2 Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031476. [PMID: 36771140 PMCID: PMC9919102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver metabolic disorders and oxidative stress are crucial factors in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, treatment strategies to combat NAFLD remain poorly established, presenting an important challenge that needs to be addressed. Herein, we aimed to examine the effect of isoquercitrin on lipid accumulation induced by exogenous free fatty acids (FFA) using HepG2 cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. The cells were exposed to 0.5 mM FFA to induce intracellular lipid accumulation, followed by co-treatment with isoquercitrin to confirm the potential inhibitory effect on FFA-induced lipid production. HepG2 cells exposed to FFA alone exhibited intracellular lipid accumulation, compromised endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and enhanced expression of proteins and genes involved in lipid synthesis; however, co-treatment with isoquercitrin decreased the expression of these molecules in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, isoquercitrin could activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory protein of hepatic fatty acid oxidation, suppressing new lipid production by phosphorylating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and inhibiting sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP-1)/fatty acid synthase (FAS) signals. Overall, these findings suggest that isoquercitrin can be employed as a therapeutic agent to improve NAFLD via the regulation of lipid metabolism by targeting the AMPK/ACC and SREBP1/FAS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chawon Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-5102816
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196
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Ghorbani Y, Schwenger KJP, Sharma D, Jung H, Yadav J, Xu W, Lou W, Poutanen S, Hota SS, Comelli EM, Philpott D, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Gaisano HY, Allard JP. Effect of faecal microbial transplant via colonoscopy in patients with severe obesity and insulin resistance: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial. Diabetes Obes Metab 2023; 25:479-490. [PMID: 36239189 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of faecal microbial transplant (FMT) from lean people to subjects with obesity via colonoscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a double-blind, randomized controlled trial, subjects with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2 and insulin resistance were randomized, in a 1:1 ratio in blocks of four, to either allogenic (from healthy lean donor; n = 15) or autologous FMT (their own stool; n = 13) delivered in the caecum and were followed for 3 months. The main outcome was homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and secondary outcomes were glycated haemoglobin levels, lipid profile, weight, gut hormones, endotoxin, appetite measures, intestinal microbiome (IM), metagenome, serum/faecal metabolites, quality of life, anxiety and depression scores. RESULTS In the allogenic versus autologous groups, HOMA-IR and clinical variables did not change significantly, but IM and metabolites changed favourably (P < 0.05): at 1 month, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and Roseburia increased, and Streptococcus decreased; at 3 months, Bacteroides and Blautia increased. Several species also changed significantly. For metabolites, at 1 month, serum kynurenine decreased and faecal indole acetic acid and butenylcarnitine increased, while at 3 months, serum isoleucine, leucine, decenoylcarnitine and faecal phenylacetic acid decreased. Metagenomic pathway representations and network analyses assessing relationships with clinical variables, metabolites and IM were significantly enhanced in the allogenic versus autologous groups. LDL and appetite measures improved in the allogenic (P < 0.05) but not in the autologous group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, in those with obeisty, allogenic FMT via colonoscopy induced favourable changes in IM, metabolites, pathway representations and networks even though other metabolic variables did not change. LDL and appetite variables may also benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Ghorbani
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Divya Sharma
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan Poutanen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susy S Hota
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elena M Comelli
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herbert Y Gaisano
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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197
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Kynurenine Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus-Novel Pharmacological Target? Cells 2023; 12:cells12030460. [PMID: 36766803 PMCID: PMC9913876 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The tryptophan-kynurenine pathway (Trp-KYN) is the major route for tryptophan conversion in the brain and in the periphery. Kynurenines display a wide range of biological actions (which are often contrasting) such as cytotoxic/cytoprotective, oxidant/antioxidant or pro-/anti-inflammatory. The net effect depends on their local concentration, cellular environment, as well as a complex positive and negative feedback loops. The imbalance between beneficial and harmful kynurenines was implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, psychiatric illnesses and metabolic disorders, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Despite available therapies, DM may lead to serious macro- and microvascular complications including cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic renal disease, diabetic retinopathy, autonomic neuropathy or cognitive impairment. It is well established that low-grade inflammation, which often coincides with DM, can affect the function of KP and, conversely, that kynurenines may modulate the immune response. This review provides a detailed summary of findings concerning the status of the Trp-KYN pathway in DM based on available animal, human and microbiome studies. We highlight the importance of the molecular interplay between the deranged (functionally and qualitatively) conversion of Trp to kynurenines in the development of DM and insulin resistance. The Trp-KYN pathway emerges as a novel target in the search for preventive and therapeutic interventions in DM.
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198
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Liraglutide Attenuates Hepatic Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8974960. [PMID: 36756089 PMCID: PMC9899592 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8974960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide has been extensively applied in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and also has hepatoprotective effects. However, the role of liraglutide treatment on liver injury in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In the present study, diabetes was initiated in experimental animals by single-dose intraperitoneal inoculation of STZ. Forty female C57BL/6J mice were equally assigned into five groups: diabetic group, insulin+diabetic group, liraglutide+diabetic group, insulin+liraglutide+diabetic group, and control group for eight weeks. Diabetic mice exhibited a significantly elevated blood glucose level and decreased body weight, and morphological changes of increased steatosis and apoptosis were observed in the liver compared with the control. Furthermore, a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde and inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and the proapoptotic proteins caspase-3 and Bax were observed in the livers of diabetic mice, together with marked increases in antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, all of which were significantly mitigated by treatment with liraglutide, insulin, and their combinations. Interestingly, liraglutide monotherapy showed better efficacy in ameliorating liver injury in T1DM mice than insulin monotherapy, similar to the combined drug therapy. Furthermore, the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-associated molecules was upregulated in the liver of mice treated with liraglutide or insulin. The results of the present study suggested that liraglutide improves T1DM-induced liver injury and may have important implications for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with T1DM.
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199
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Curcumin and Andrographolide Co-Administration Safely Prevent Steatosis Induction and ROS Production in HepG2 Cell Line. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031261. [PMID: 36770927 PMCID: PMC9919300 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging chronic liver disease worldwide. Curcumin and andrographolide are famous for improving hepatic functions, being able to reverse oxidative stress and release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and they are implicated in hepatic stellate cell activation and in liver fibrosis development. Thus, we tested curcumin and andrographolide separately and in combination to determine their effect on triglyceride accumulation and ROS production, identifying the differential expression of genes involved in fatty liver and oxidative stress development. In vitro steatosis was induced in HepG2 cells and the protective effect of curcumin, andrographolide, and their combination was observed evaluating cell viability, lipid and triglyceride content, ROS levels, and microarray differential gene expression. Curcumin, andrographolide, and their association were effective in reducing steatosis, triglyceride content, and ROS stress, downregulating the genes involved in lipid accumulation. Moreover, the treatments were able to protect the cytotoxic effect of steatosis, promoting the expression of survival and anti-inflammatory genes. The present study showed that the association of curcumin and andrographolide could be used as a therapeutic approach to counter high lipid content and ROS levels in steatosis liver, avoiding the possible hepatotoxic effect of curcumin. Furthermore, this study improved our understanding of the antisteatosis and hepatoprotective properties of a curcumin and andrographolide combination.
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200
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Citrulline and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio: potential EED (environmental enteric dysfunction) biomarkers in acute watery diarrhea among children in Bangladesh. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1416. [PMID: 36697429 PMCID: PMC9876903 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Two emerging biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) include plasma citrulline (CIT), and the kynurenine (KYN): tryptophan (TRP)/ (KT) ratio. We sought to investigate the plasma concentration of CIT and KT ratio among the children having dehydrating diarrhea and examine associations between concentrations of CIT and KT ratio with concurrent factors. For this analysis, we used cross-sectional data from a total of 102, 6-36 months old male children who suffered from non-cholera acute watery diarrhea and had some dehydration admitted to an urban diarrheal hospital, in Bangladesh. CIT, TRP, and KYN concentrations were determined at enrollment from plasma samples using ELIZA. At enrollment, the mean plasma CIT concentration was 864.48 ± 388.55 µmol/L. The mean plasma kynurenine, tryptophan concentrations, and the KT ratio (× 1000) were 6.93 ± 3.08 µmol/L, 33.44 ± 16.39 µmol/L, and 12.12 ± 18.10, respectively. With increasing child age, KYN concentration decreased (coefficient: - 0.26; 95%CI: - 0.49, - 0.04; p = 0.021); with increasing lymphocyte count, CIT concentration decreased (coef.: - 0.01; 95% CI: - 0.02,0.001, p = 0.004); the wasted child had decreased KT ratio (coef.: - 0.6; 95% CI: - 1.18, - 0.02; p = 0.042) after adjusting for potential covariates. The CIT concentration was associated with blood neutrophils (coef.: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.03; p < 0.001), lymphocytes (coef.: - 0.02; 95% CI: - 0.03, - 0.02; p < 0.001) and monocyte (coef.: 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11; p = 0.021); KYN concentration was negatively associated with basophil (coef.: - 0.62; 95% CI: - 1.23, - 0.01; p = 0.048) after adjusting for age. In addition, total stool output (gm) increased (coef.: 793.84; 95% CI: 187.16, 1400.52; p = 0.011) and also increased duration of hospital stay (hour) (coef.: 22.89; 95% CI: 10.24, 35.54; p = 0.001) with increasing CIT concentration. The morphological changes associated with EED may increase the risk of enteric infection and diarrheal disease among children. Further research is critically needed to better understand the complex mechanisms by which EED biomarkers may impact susceptibility to dehydrating diarrhea in children.
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