151
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Boles NC, Fernandes M, Swigut T, Srinivasan R, Schiff L, Rada-Iglesias A, Wang Q, Saini JS, Kiehl T, Stern JH, Wysocka J, Blenkinsop TA, Temple S. Epigenomic and Transcriptomic Changes During Human RPE EMT in a Stem Cell Model of Epiretinal Membrane Pathogenesis and Prevention by Nicotinamide. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 14:631-647. [PMID: 32243845 PMCID: PMC7160390 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process involved in tissue morphogenesis and disease that causes dramatic changes in cell morphology, migration, proliferation, and gene expression. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which supports the neural retina, can undergo EMT, producing fibrous epiretinal membranes (ERMs) associated with vision-impairing clinical conditions, such as macular pucker and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). We found that co-treatment with TGF-β and TNF-α (TNT) accelerates EMT in adult human RPE stem cell-derived RPE cell cultures. We captured the global epigenomic and transcriptional changes elicited by TNT treatment of RPE and identified putative active enhancers associated with actively transcribed genes, including a set of upregulated transcription factors that are candidate regulators. We found that the vitamin B derivative nicotinamide downregulates these key transcriptional changes, and inhibits and partially reverses RPE EMT, revealing potential therapeutic routes to benefit patients with ERM, macular pucker and PVR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie Fernandes
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Tomasz Swigut
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajini Srinivasan
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lauren Schiff
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA
| | | | - Qingjie Wang
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kiehl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Stern
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer NY 12144, USA.
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152
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Li L, Liu J, Xue H, Li C, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Wang T, Wang H, Qian H, Wen T. A TGF-β-MTA1-SOX4-EZH2 signaling axis drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:2125-2139. [PMID: 31811272 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MTA1, SOX4, EZH2, and TGF-β are all potent inducers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer; however, the signaling relationship among these molecules in EMT is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the function of MTA1 in cancer cells and demonstrated that MTA1 overexpression efficiently activates EMT. This activation resulted in a significant increase in the migratory and invasive properties of three different cancer cell lines through a common mechanism involving SOX4 activation, screened from a gene expression profiling analysis. We showed that both SOX4 and MTA1 are induced by TGF-β and both are indispensable for TGF-β-mediated EMT. Further investigation identified that MTA1 acts upstream of SOX4 in the TGF-β pathway, emphasizing a TGF-β-MTA1-SOX4 signaling axis in EMT induction. The histone methyltransferase EZH2, a component of the polycomb (PcG) repressive complex 2 (PRC2), was identified as a critical responsive gene of the TGF-β-MTA1-SOX4 signaling in three different epithelial cancer cell lines, suggesting that this signaling acts broadly in cancer cells in vitro. The MTA1-SOX4-EZH2 signaling cascade was further verified in TCGA pan-cancer patient samples and in a colon cancer cDNA microarray, and activation of genes in this signaling pathway predicted an unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer patients. Collectively, our data uncover a SOX4-dependent EMT-inducing mechanism underlying MTA1-driven cancer metastasis and suggest a widespread TGF-β-MTA1-SOX4-EZH2 signaling axis that drives EMT in various cancers. We propose that this signaling may be used as a common therapeutic target to control epithelial cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Li
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yantong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Haili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Tao Wen
- Medical Research Center, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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153
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SOX13 promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by transactivating SNAI2 and c-MET. Oncogene 2020; 39:3522-3540. [PMID: 32111984 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of high recurrence and poor survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), although the mechanisms associated with this process remain poorly understood. In this study, we report a novel mechanism by which SOX13 promotes CRC metastasis by transactivating SNAI2 and c-MET. SOX13 overexpression was significantly correlated with more aggressive clinicopathological features of CRC and indicated poor prognosis in two independent cohorts of CRC patients (cohort I, n = 363; cohort II, n = 390). Overexpression of SOX13-promoted CRC migration, invasion, and metastasis, whereas SOX13 downregulation caused the opposite effects. Further mechanistic investigation identified SNAI2 and MET as important target genes of SOX13 using serial deletion and site-directed mutagenesis luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, as well as functional complementation analyses. In addition, SOX13 was shown to be a direct target of HGF/STAT3 signaling, and the c-MET inhibitor crizotinib blocked the HGF/STAT3/SOX13/c-MET axis, significantly inhibiting SOX13-mediated CRC migration, invasion and metastasis. Moreover, in clinical CRC tissues, SOX13 expression was positively correlated with the expression of SNAI2, c-MET, and HGF. CRC patients with positive coexpression of SOX13/SNAI2, SOX13/c-MET, or HGF/SOX13 exhibited a worse prognosis. In summary, SOX13 is a promising prognostic biomarker in patients with CRC, and blocking the HGF/STAT3/SOX13/c-MET axis with crizotinib could be a new therapeutic strategy to prevent SOX13-mediated CRC metastasis.
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154
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Chen B, Zhang Q, Wang X, Wang Y, Cui J, Zhuang H, Tang J. The lncRNA ENSG00000254041.1 promotes cell invasiveness and associates with poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:3647-3661. [PMID: 32090981 PMCID: PMC7066894 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) mainly occurs after 60 years of age, and its prognosis remains poor despite modest improvements in recent decades. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are well known as a class of transcripts involved in cancer occurrence and progression. The process of epithelial to a mesenchymal (EMT) phenotype in tumor cell increases their migratory and invasive properties, resulting in facilitating metastasis. Here, we reanalyzed RNA-seq data from the TCGA PC database and identified that ENSG00000254041.1 increasingly expressed in samples with elevated EMT signature score. Then, the evaluated expression and prognostic significance of ENSG00000254041.1 were verified in our cohort. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis suggested that ENSG00000254041.1 was independent factors for predicting the prognosis of PC, apart from advanced stage (III/IV). Moreover, functional assay revealed that knock down of ENSG00000254041.1 significantly decreased proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance of PC cells (SW1990 and BxPC-3), while overexpression of ENSG00000254041.1 in PC cells (Panc-1) resulted in the opposite effects. Western blot showed that knockdown of ENSG00000254041.1 expression in PC cells caused a significant downregulation of vimentin, Snail and SOX4, and upregulation of E-cadherin; also, ENSG00000254041.1 overexpression in PC cells resulted in opposite effects. In conclusion, these findings indicated that ENSG00000254041.1 promotes PC progression, and might provide a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Xujing Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Yongkun Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Jiaqu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Huiren Zhuang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
| | - Jianying Tang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai 200123, China
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155
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Abugomaa A, Elbadawy M, Yamawaki H, Usui T, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of Cancer Stem Cells in Bladder Cancer Progression, Tumorigenesis, and Resistance to Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Bladder Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E235. [PMID: 31963556 PMCID: PMC7016964 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; (A.A.); (M.E.); (K.S.)
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156
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Serial Xenotransplantation in NSG Mice Promotes a Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal Gene Expression Signature and Stemness in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010196. [PMID: 31941033 PMCID: PMC7016569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serial xenotransplantation of sorted cancer cells in immunodeficient mice remains the most complex test of cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype. However, we have demonstrated in various sarcomas that putative CSC surface markers fail to identify CSCs, thereby impeding the isolation of CSCs for subsequent analyses. Here, we utilized serial xenotransplantation of unsorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells in NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) mice as a proof-of-principle platform to investigate the molecular signature of CSCs. Indeed, serial xenotransplantation steadily enriched for rhabdomyosarcoma stem-like cells characterized by enhanced aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and increased colony and sphere formation capacity in vitro. Although the expression of core pluripotency factors (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and common CSC markers (CD133, ABCG2, nestin) was maintained over the passages in mice, gene expression profiling revealed gradual changes in several stemness regulators and genes linked with undifferentiated myogenic precursors, e.g., SOX4, PAX3, MIR145, and CDH15. Moreover, we identified the induction of a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal gene expression signature that was associated with the increase in CSC number. In total, 60 genes related to epithelial or mesenchymal traits were significantly altered upon serial xenotransplantation. In silico survival analysis based on the identified potential stemness-associated genes demonstrated that serial xenotransplantation of unsorted rhabdomyosarcoma cells in NSG mice might be a useful tool for the unbiased enrichment of CSCs and the identification of novel CSC-specific targets. Using this approach, we provide evidence for a recently proposed link between the hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype and cancer stemness.
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157
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Zhou Q, Jia L, Du F, Dong X, Sun W, Wang L, Chen G. Design, synthesis and biological activities of pyrrole-3-carboxamide derivatives as EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homologue 2) inhibitors and anticancer agents. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04713a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of pyrrole-3-carboxamides targeting EZH2 have been designed and synthesized. The structure–activity relationships were summarized by combining within vitrobiological activity assay and docking results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Lina Jia
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Fangyu Du
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Wanyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- P. R. China
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158
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Zhu Y, Zhang X, Qi M, Zhang Y, Ding F. miR-873-5p inhibits the progression of colon cancer via repression of tumor suppressor candidate 3/AKT signaling. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:2126-2134. [PMID: 31039290 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We previously discovered that tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) was overexpressed and predicted worse prognosis in colon cancer patients. However, the mechanisms of upregulation of TUSC3 in colon cancer remained unclear. METHODS MiR-873-5p was predicted and identified as the regulator of TUSC3 via online programs and luciferase reporter assays. The roles of miR-873-5p in regulating colon cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and invasion were evaluated in vitro. Animal studies were performed to investigate the effects of miR-873-5p on proliferation and lung metastasis. Moreover, the miR-873-5p/TUSC3 related signaling pathway and the prognostic value of combining miR-873-5p and TUSC3 for colon cancer patients were also explored. RESULTS Here, we identified miR-873-5p as a novel regulator of TUSC3 in colon cancer. Functionally, ectopic expression or silencing of miR-873-5p, respectively, inhibited or promoted colon cancer cells proliferation, colony formation, and invasion, as well as prevented or enhanced the metastasis of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Molecularly, miR-873-5p functioned as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting the TUSC3/AKT pathway. Overexpression or silencing of TUSC3 could partially reverse the effects of the overexpression or repression of miR-873-5p on colon cancer progression caused by activation of the AKT pathway. Clinically, low miR-873-5p expression predicted poor survival in colon cancer patients, especially combined with high TUSC3 expression. CONCLUSIONS We identified miR-873-5p as a tumor suppressor, which acts by directly repressing TUSC3 in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Ming Qi
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Taian Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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159
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Zheng Y, Zhang J, Ye B. miR-138 mediates sorafenib-induced cell survival and is associated with poor prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:459-465. [PMID: 31663629 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is an aggressive malignancy with rapid invasion, metastasis and poor prognosis, however, the mechanism mediating its cholangiocarcinoma development needs further investigation. Here, we demonstrate that decreased miR-138 in tumor tissues is related to the poor prognosis in patients, and that miR-138 mediates sorafenib-induced cell survival in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Moreover, miR-138 negatively regulates SOX4 expression by specifically targeting its 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). As per our results, overexpression of SOX4 reversed sorafenib-induced changes in cell viability and apoptosis. Furthermore, the elevated levels of SOX4 in the tumor tissues that correlated with poor prognosis. Overall, the present study reveals that miR-138/SOX4 is involved in sorafinib-mediated cell survival in cholangiocarcinoma cells, and is associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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160
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Lee CH. Reversal of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Natural Anti-Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Lipids. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1841. [PMID: 31766574 PMCID: PMC6966475 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key process in the progression of malignant cancer. Therefore, blocking the EMT can be a critical fast track for the development of anticancer drugs. In this paper, we update recent research output of EMT and we explore suppression of EMT by natural anti-inflammatory compounds and pro-resolving lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Korea
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161
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Xiao G, Jin LL, Liu CQ, Wang YC, Meng YM, Zhou ZG, Chen J, Yu XJ, Zhang YJ, Xu J, Zheng L. EZH2 negatively regulates PD-L1 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:300. [PMID: 31727135 PMCID: PMC6854886 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating studies suggest that targeting epigenetic modifications could improve the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the ability of the epigenetic modifier, enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit (EZH2), to regulate the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor, programmed death-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence staining were performed to analyze the expression and correlation of EZH2 and PD-L1 in HCC tissues. Immunoblotting, quantitative real-time PCR, flow cytometry, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were performed to evaluate the regulatory roles of EZH2 on PD-L1 expression. Results In vitro cell experiments revealed that EZH2 negatively regulated the PD-L1 expression of hepatoma cell lines in IFNγ-dependent manner. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that EZH2 could suppress PD-L1 expression by upregulating the H3K27me3 levels on the promoters of CD274 (encoding PD-L1) and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), an essential transcription factor for PD-L1 expression, without affecting the activation of the IFNγ-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) pathway. Clinical samples from HCC patients with immune-activated microenvironments showed negative correlations between EZH2 and PD-L1 expression in hepatoma cells. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that the combination of EZH2 and PD-L1 was an independent prognostic factor for both OS and RFS for patients with HCC. Conclusions The epigenetic modificator EZH2 can suppress the expression of immune checkpoint inhibitor PD-L1 by directly upregulating the promoter H3K27me3 levels of CD274 and IRF1 in hepatoma cells, and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for combination of immunotherapy for immune-activated HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Lian Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Qun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Chun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.,MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Guo Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Juan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Limin Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, People's Republic of China.
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162
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Zhao X, Dai L, Yue Q, Wang H, Wang X, Li Y, Chen R. MiR-195 inhibits migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of endometrial carcinoma cells by targeting SOX4. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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163
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Histone deacetylases, Mbd3/NuRD, and Tet2 hydroxylase are crucial regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and tumor metastasis. Oncogene 2019; 39:1498-1513. [PMID: 31666683 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) represents a basic morphogenetic process of high cell plasticity underlying embryogenesis, wound healing, cancer metastasis and drug resistance. It involves a profound transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming of cells. A critical role of epigenetic modifiers and their specific chromatin modifications has been demonstrated during EMT. However, it has remained elusive whether epigenetic control differs between the dynamic cell state transitions of reversible EMT and the fixed differentiation status of irreversible EMT. We have employed varying EMT models of murine breast cancer cells to identify the key players establishing epithelial-mesenchymal cell plasticity during reversible and irreversible EMT. We demonstrate that the Mbd3/NuRD complex and the activities of histone deacetylases (HDACs), and Tet2 hydroxylase play a critical role in keeping cancer cells in a highly metastatic mesenchymal state. Combinatorial interference with their functions leads to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) and efficiently represses metastasis formation by invasive murine and human breast cancer cells in vivo.
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164
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Arner EN, Du W, Brekken RA. Behind the Wheel of Epithelial Plasticity in KRAS-Driven Cancers. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1049. [PMID: 31681587 PMCID: PMC6798880 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular plasticity, a feature associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contributes to tumor cell survival, migration, invasion, and therapy resistance. Phenotypic plasticity of the epithelium is a critical feature in multiple phases of human cancer in an oncogene- and tissue-specific context. Many factors can drive epithelial plasticity, including activating mutations in KRAS, which are found in an estimated 30% of all cancers. In this review, we will introduce cellular plasticity and its effect on cancer progression and therapy resistance and then summarize the drivers of EMT with an emphasis on KRAS effector signaling. Lastly, we will discuss the contribution of cellular plasticity to metastasis and its potential clinical implications. Understanding oncogenic KRAS cellular reprogramming has the potential to reveal novel strategies to control metastasis in KRAS-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Arner
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Department of Surgery and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Wenting Du
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Department of Surgery and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rolf A Brekken
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Department of Surgery and the Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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165
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Nyquist MD, Corella A, Mohamad O, Coleman I, Kaipainen A, Kuppers DA, Lucas JM, Paddison PJ, Plymate SR, Nelson PS, Mostaghel EA. Molecular determinants of response to high-dose androgen therapy in prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129715. [PMID: 31503550 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials of high-dose androgen (HDA) therapy for prostate cancer (PC) have shown promising efficacy but are limited by lack of criteria to identify likely responders. To elucidate factors that govern the growth-repressive effects of HDAs, we applied an unbiased integrative approach using genetic screens and transcriptional profiling of PC cells with or without demonstrated phenotypic sensitivity to androgen-mediated growth repression. Through this comprehensive analysis, we identified genetic events and related signaling networks that determine the response to both HDA and androgen withdrawal. We applied these findings to develop a gene signature that may serve as an early indicator of treatment response and identify men with tumors that are amenable to HDA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arja Kaipainen
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel A Kuppers
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jared M Lucas
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Stephen R Plymate
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
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166
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Dong H, Hu J, Wang L, Qi M, Lu N, Tan X, Yang M, Bai X, Zhan X, Han B. SOX4 is activated by C-MYC in prostate cancer. Med Oncol 2019; 36:92. [PMID: 31560094 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although MYC proto-oncogene (C-MYC) amplification has been consistently reported to be a potential marker for prostate cancer (PCa) progression and prognosis, the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of C-MYC protein expression remains controversial. Overexpression of SOX4 has been shown to play important roles in multiple cancers including PCa. However, the link between these two critical genetic aberrations is unclear. In the current study, we showed that C-MYC was overexpressed in 16.2% (17/105) of Chinese patients with localized PCa. Overexpression of C-MYC was significantly associated with high Gleason scores (P = 0.012) and high Ki67 labeling index (P = 0.005). C-MYC overexpression was correlated with cancer-related mortality and suggested to be an unfavorable prognostic factor in Chinese PCa patients (P = 0.018). Overexpression of C-MYC is associated with SOX4 overexpression in PCa tissues. Notably, SOX4 is a direct target gene of C-MYC; C-MYC activates SOX4 expression via binding to its promoter. In addition, Co-IP analysis demonstrated a physical interaction between C-MYC and SOX4 protein in PCa cells. Clinically, C-MYC+/SOX4+ characterized poor prognosis in a subset of PCa patients. In total, C-MYC overexpression may contribute to PCa progression by activating SOX4. Our findings highlight an important role of C-MYC/SOX4 in PCa progression in a subset of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Medical Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ning Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Muyi Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinnuo Bai
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S3J6, Canada
| | - Xuemei Zhan
- Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China.
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167
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Li CJ, Chu PY, Yiang GT, Wu MY. The Molecular Mechanism of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition for Breast Carcinogenesis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090476. [PMID: 31514467 PMCID: PMC6770718 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway plays multiple regulatory roles in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer. TGF-β can inhibit the growth and proliferation of epithelial cells and induce apoptosis, thereby playing a role in inhibiting breast cancer. Therefore, the loss of response in epithelial cells that leads to the inhibition of cell proliferation due to TGF-β is a landmark event in tumorigenesis. As tumors progress, TGF-β can promote tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. At present, the above-mentioned role of TGF-β is related to the interaction of multiple signaling pathways in the cell, which can attenuate or abolish the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis-promoting effects of TGF-β and enhance its promotion of tumor progression. This article focuses on the molecular mechanisms through which TGF-β interacts with multiple intracellular signaling pathways in tumor progression and the effects of these interactions on tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei 242, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua 510, Taiwan
| | - Giou-Teng Yiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 231, Taiwan.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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168
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Miao Q, Hill MC, Chen F, Mo Q, Ku AT, Ramos C, Sock E, Lefebvre V, Nguyen H. SOX11 and SOX4 drive the reactivation of an embryonic gene program during murine wound repair. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4042. [PMID: 31492871 PMCID: PMC6731344 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue injury induces changes in cellular identity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that upon damage in a mouse model, epidermal cells at the wound edge convert to an embryonic-like state, altering particularly the cytoskeletal/extracellular matrix (ECM) components and differentiation program. We show that SOX11 and its closest relative SOX4 dictate embryonic epidermal state, regulating genes involved in epidermal development as well as cytoskeletal/ECM organization. Correspondingly, postnatal induction of SOX11 represses epidermal terminal differentiation while deficiency of Sox11 and Sox4 accelerates differentiation and dramatically impairs cell motility and re-epithelialization. Amongst the embryonic genes reactivated at the wound edge, we identify fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1) as a critical direct target of SOX11 and SOX4 regulating cell migration. Our study identifies the reactivated embryonic gene program during wound repair and demonstrates that SOX11 and SOX4 play a central role in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Miao
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fengju Chen
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Amy T Ku
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Elisabeth Sock
- Institut für Biochemie, Emil-Fischer-Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Véronique Lefebvre
- Department of Surgery/Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, BCM 505, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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169
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Mehta GA, Khanna P, Gatza ML. Emerging Role of SOX Proteins in Breast Cancer Development and Maintenance. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2019; 24:213-230. [PMID: 31069617 PMCID: PMC6790170 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-019-09430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SOX genes encode a family of more than 20 transcription factors that are critical regulators of embryogenesis and developmental processes and, when aberrantly expressed, have been shown to contribute to tumor development and progression in both an oncogenic and tumor suppressive role. Increasing evidence demonstrates that the SOX proteins play essential roles in multiple cellular processes that mediate or contribute to oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. In the context of breast cancer, SOX proteins function both as oncogenes and tumor suppressors and have been shown to be associated with tumor stage and grade and poor prognosis. Experimental evidence demonstrates that a subset of SOX proteins regulate critical aspects of breast cancer biology including cancer stemness and multiple signaling pathways leading to altered cell proliferation, survival, and tumor development; EMT, cell migration and metastasis; as well as other tumor associated characteristics. This review will summarize the role of SOX family members as important mediators of tumorigenesis in breast cancer, with an emphasis on the triple negative or basal-like subtype of breast cancer, as well as examine the therapeutic potential of these genes and their downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav A Mehta
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, CINJ 4558, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Pooja Khanna
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, CINJ 4558, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael L Gatza
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, CINJ 4558, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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170
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Liu Q, Borcherding N, Shao P, Cao H, Zhang W, Qi HH. Identification of novel TGF-β regulated genes with pro-migratory roles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165537. [PMID: 31449970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays fundamental roles in the development and homeostasis of somatic cells. Dysregulated TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer progression and relapse to therapies by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enriching cancer stem cells, and promoting immunosuppression. Although many TGF-β-regulated genes have been identified, only a few datasets were obtained by next-generation sequencing. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of MCF10A cells and identified 1166 genes that were upregulated and 861 genes that were downregulated by TGF-β. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that focal adhesion and metabolic pathways were the top enriched pathways of the up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Genes in these pathways also possess significant predictive value for renal cancers. Moreover, we confirmed that TGF-β induced expression of MICAL1 and 2, and the histone demethylase, KDM7A, and revealed their regulatory roles on TGF-β-induced cell migration. We also show a critical effect of KDM7A in regulating the acetylation of H3K27 on TGF-β-induced genes. In sum, this study identified novel effectors that mediate the pro-migratory role of TGF-β signaling, paving the way for future studies that investigate the function of MICAL family members in cancer and the novel epigenetic mechanisms downstream TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hank Heng Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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171
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Moreno CS. SOX4: The unappreciated oncogene. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:57-64. [PMID: 31445218 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SOX4 is an essential developmental transcription factor that regulates stemness, differentiation, progenitor development, and multiple developmental pathways including PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ signaling. The SOX4 gene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in over 20 types of malignancies, and multiple lines of evidence support that notion that SOX4 is an oncogene. Its overexpression is due to both gene amplification and to activation of PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ pathways that SOX4 regulates. SOX4 interacts with multiple other transcription factors, rendering many of its impacts on gene expression context and tissue-specific. Nevertheless, there are common themes that run through many of the effects of SOX4 hyperactivity, such as the promotion of cell survival, stemness, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration, and metastasis. Specific targeting of SOX4 remains a challenge for future cancer research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg, Rm 105J, 615 Michael St. Atlanta, GA, USA.
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172
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Bhatia S, Monkman J, Blick T, Duijf PH, Nagaraj SH, Thompson EW. Multi-Omics Characterization of the Spontaneous Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in the PMC42 Breast Cancer Cell Lines. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1253. [PMID: 31430931 PMCID: PMC6723942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), encompassing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), are considered critical events for cancer metastasis. We investigated chromosomal heterogeneity and chromosomal instability (CIN) profiles of two sister PMC42 breast cancer (BC) cell lines to assess the relationship between their karyotypes and EMP phenotypic plasticity. Karyotyping by GTG banding and exome sequencing were aligned with SWATH quantitative proteomics and existing RNA-sequencing data from the two PMC42 cell lines; the mesenchymal, parental PMC42-ET cell line and the spontaneously epithelially shifted PMC42-LA daughter cell line. These morphologically distinct PMC42 cell lines were also compared with five other BC cell lines (MDA-MB-231, SUM-159, T47D, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468) for their expression of EMP and cell surface markers, and stemness and metabolic profiles. The findings suggest that the epithelially shifted cell line has a significantly altered ploidy of chromosomes 3 and 13, which is reflected in their transcriptomic and proteomic expression profiles. Loss of the TGFβR2 gene from chromosome 3 in the epithelial daughter cell line inhibits its EMT induction by TGF-β stimulus. Thus, integrative 'omics' characterization established that the PMC42 system is a relevant MET model and provides insights into the regulation of phenotypic plasticity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Bhatia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - James Monkman
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Pascal Hg Duijf
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Shivashankar H Nagaraj
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
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173
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Shibayama H, Yamamoto T, Oshima K, Matsuda T, Nadano D. Transcription Factor Sox4 as a Potential Player in Mammary Gland Involution. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:1125-1133. [PMID: 31408364 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland involution is a regressive process for the gland to return to its prepregnancy state after lactation and comprises an initial reversible and second remodeling stage. Although many genes and the multiple expression profiles of their mRNAs have been found in this process, the mechanisms controlling the profiles are largely unknown. In this study, we identified and analyzed transcription factor Sox4 in mammary gland involution. Elevated expression of Sox4 gene in the first stage (48 h after weaning) was observed at the mRNA and protein levels in the mouse mammary gland. Immunohistochemistry of the involuting gland indicated that Sox4 was located in the nuclei of epithelial cells. Nuclear Sox4 was also detected in the second stage, but unlikely to be involved in cell death, one of the characteristic events of involution. To clarify the functional roles of Sox4 in involution, we introduced a model, including a normal mammary epithelial cell line, for finding candidate target genes of this transcription factor and examined its effect on tenascin C mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohisa Shibayama
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenzi Oshima
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Matsuda
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daita Nadano
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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174
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Ha Thi HT, Kim HY, Kim YM, Hong S. MicroRNA-130a modulates a radiosensitivity of rectal cancer by targeting SOX4. Neoplasia 2019; 21:882-892. [PMID: 31387015 PMCID: PMC6690642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance poses a major challenge in the treatment of advanced rectal cancer. Therefore, understanding the detailed mechanisms of radioresistance may improve patient response to irradiation and the survival rate. To identify the novel targets that modulate the radiosensitivity of rectal cancer, we performed small RNA sequencing with human rectal cancer cell lines. Through bioinformatics analysis, we selected microRNA-310a (miR-130a) as a promising candidate to elucidate radioresistance. miR-130a was dramatically upregulated in radiosensitive rectal cancer cells and overexpression of miR-130a promotes rectal cancer cell radiosensitivity. Mechanically, miR-130a reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype of rectal cancer cells following inhibition of cell invasion upon irradiation. Moreover, miR-130a also inhibited the repair of irradiation-induced DNA damage followed by cell death. We identified that SOX4 was a direct target of miR-130a. Overexpression of SOX4 reversed the promotion activity of miR-130a on radiosensitivity. Together, our findings suggest that miR-130a functions as a radiosensitizer in rectal cancer and reveals a potential therapeutic target and preoperative prognostic marker for radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyen Trang Ha Thi
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Kim
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntaek Hong
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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175
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SOX4: Epigenetic regulation and role in tumorigenesis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:91-104. [PMID: 31271889 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-related (SRY) high-mobility group box 4 (SOX4) is a member of the group C subfamily of SOX transcription factors and promotes tumorigenesis by endowing cancer cells with survival, migratory, and invasive capacities. Emerging evidence has highlighted an unequivocal role for this transcription factor in mediating various signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumor progression. During the last decade, numerous studies have highlighted the epigenetic interplay between SOX4-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and SOX4 and the subsequent modulation of tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about the role of SOX4 in cancer development and progression, the epigenetic regulation of SOX4, and the potential utilization of SOX4 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and its depletion as a therapeutic target.
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176
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Zhao Y, Ai Y. Overexpression of lncRNA Gm15621 alleviates apoptosis and inflammation response resulting from sevoflurane treatment through inhibiting miR-133a/Sox4. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:957-965. [PMID: 31264218 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sevoflurane is the most widely used anesthetic administered by inhalation. Exposure to sevoflurane can elicit learning deficits and abnormal cognitive disorder. In this study, we investigated the function of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Gm15621. Primary hippocampal neuron cells were used to analyze the function of lncRNA Gm15621 in vitro. The tunel, inflammation markers, and cell survival rates were detected to evaluate the function of lncRNA Gm15621. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the interaction between microRNA 133a and Gm15621. We found that lncRNA Gm15621 located in the cytoplasm. The expression of lncRNA Gm15621 was decreased with the development of sevoflurane exposure. Overexpression of lncRNA Gm15621 significantly reduced the apoptosis and cell survival rates. The inflammation response was also attenuated in lncRNA Gm15621 overexpressed group. The dual-luciferase assay revealed that miR-133a was the direct target of lncRNA Gm15621. In addition, we also found that Sox4 was a downstream target of miR-133a and lncRNA Gm15621 exerted its biological functions by regulating the expression of Sox4. In summary, our findings revealed that lncRNA Gm15621 ameliorated the sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and the important role of Gm15621/miR-133a/Sox4 axis in cognitive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanqiu Ai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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177
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Wang H, Xiang D, Liu B, He A, Randle HJ, Zhang KX, Dongre A, Sachs N, Clark AP, Tao L, Chen Q, Botchkarev VV, Xie Y, Dai N, Clevers H, Li Z, Livingston DM. Inadequate DNA Damage Repair Promotes Mammary Transdifferentiation, Leading to BRCA1 Breast Cancer. Cell 2019; 178:135-151.e19. [PMID: 31251913 PMCID: PMC6716369 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss of BRCA1 p220 function often results in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), but the underlying disease mechanism is largely opaque. In mammary epithelial cells (MECs), BRCA1 interacts with multiple proteins, including NUMB and HES1, to form complexes that participate in interstrand crosslink (ICL) DNA repair and MEC differentiation control. Unrepaired ICL damage results in aberrant transdifferentiation to a mesenchymal state of cultured, human basal-like MECs and to a basal/mesenchymal state in primary mouse luminal MECs. Loss of BRCA1, NUMB, or HES1 or chemically induced ICL damage in primary murine luminal MECs results in persistent DNA damage that triggers luminal to basal/mesenchymal transdifferentiation. In vivo single-cell analysis revealed a time-dependent evolution from normal luminal MECs to luminal progenitor-like tumor cells with basal/mesenchymal transdifferentiation during murine BRCA1 BLBC development. Growing DNA damage accompanied this malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dongxi Xiang
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aina He
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Helena J Randle
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Anushka Dongre
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Norman Sachs
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Allison P Clark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luwei Tao
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir V Botchkarev
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - David M Livingston
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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178
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Liu H, Wu Z, Zhou H, Cai W, Li X, Hu J, Gao L, Feng T, Wang L, Peng X, Qi M, Liu L, Han B. The SOX4/miR-17-92/RB1 Axis Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression. Neoplasia 2019; 21:765-776. [PMID: 31238254 PMCID: PMC6593351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although androgen-deprivation treatment (ADT) is the main treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), it eventually fails. This failure invariably leads to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the development of the neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype. The molecular basis for PCa progression remains unclear. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that the sex-determining region Y-box 4 (SOX4) gene, a critical developmental transcription factor, is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in PCa patients. In this study, we show that SOX4 expression is associated with PCa progression and the development of the NE phenotype in androgen deprivation conditions. High-throughput microRNA profiling and bioinformatics analyses suggest that SOX4 may target the miR-17-92 cluster. SOX4 transcriptionally upregulates miR-17-92 cluster expression in PCa cells. SOX4-induced PCa cell proliferation, migration, and invasion are also mediated by miR-17-92 cluster members. Furthermore, RB1 is a target gene of miR-17-92 cluster. We found that SOX4 downregulates RB1 protein expression by upregulating the miR-17-92 expression. In addition, SOX4-knockdown restrains NE phenotype and PCa cell proliferation. Clinically, the overexpression of miR-17-92 members is shown to be positively correlated with SOX4 expression in PCa patients, whereas RB1 expression is negatively correlated with SOX4 expression in patients with the aggressive PCa phenotype. Collectively, we propose a novel model of a SOX4/miR-17-92/RB1 axis that may exist to promote PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xijia Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, Shandong University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, 250012, China.
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179
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Patnaik S, Anupriya. Drugs Targeting Epigenetic Modifications and Plausible Therapeutic Strategies Against Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:588. [PMID: 31244652 PMCID: PMC6563763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variations along with epigenetic modifications of DNA are involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. CRC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Initiation and progression of CRC is the cumulation of a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes in colonic epithelial cells. Colorectal carcinogenesis is associated with epigenetic aberrations including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Recently, epigenetic modifications have been identified like association of hypermethylated gene Claudin11 (CLDN11) with metastasis and prognosis of poor survival of CRC. DNA methylation of genes CMTM3, SSTR2, MDF1, NDRG4 and TGFB2 are potential epigenetic biomarkers for the early detection of CRC. Tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3) mRNA expression is silenced by promoter methylation, which promotes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and rescues the CRC cells from apoptosis and hence leading to poor survival rate. Previous scientific evidences strongly suggest epigenetic modifications that contribute to anticancer drug resistance. Recent research studies emphasize development of drugs targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors as an emerging anticancer strategy. This review covers potential epigenetic modification targeting chemotherapeutic drugs and probable implementation for the treatment of CRC, which offers a strong rationale to explore therapeutic strategies and provides a basis to develop potent antitumor drugs.
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180
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Jia Y, Vong JSL, Asafova A, Garvalov BK, Caputo L, Cordero J, Singh A, Boettger T, Günther S, Fink L, Acker T, Barreto G, Seeger W, Braun T, Savai R, Dobreva G. Lamin B1 loss promotes lung cancer development and metastasis by epigenetic derepression of RET. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1377-1395. [PMID: 31015297 PMCID: PMC6547854 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although abnormal nuclear structure is an important criterion for cancer diagnostics, remarkably little is known about its relationship to tumor development. Here we report that loss of lamin B1, a determinant of nuclear architecture, plays a key role in lung cancer. We found that lamin B1 levels were reduced in lung cancer patients. Lamin B1 silencing in lung epithelial cells promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, tumor growth, and metastasis. Mechanistically, we show that lamin B1 recruits the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to alter the H3K27me3 landscape and repress genes involved in cell migration and signaling. In particular, epigenetic derepression of the RET proto-oncogene by loss of PRC2 recruitment, and activation of the RET/p38 signaling axis, play a crucial role in mediating the malignant phenotype upon lamin B1 disruption. Importantly, loss of a single lamin B1 allele induced spontaneous lung tumor formation and RET activation. Thus, lamin B1 acts as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer, linking aberrant nuclear structure and epigenetic patterning with malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhan Jia
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Joaquim Si-Long Vong
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Alina Asafova
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Boyan K Garvalov
- Microvascular Biology and Pathobiology, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Luca Caputo
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Julio Cordero
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anshu Singh
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ludger Fink
- Institute of Pathology and Cytology, Überregionale Gemeinschaftspraxis für Pathologie (ÜGP), Wetzlar, Germany
| | - Till Acker
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Gergana Dobreva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM) and European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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181
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Yang Z, Jiang S, Lu C, Ji T, Yang W, Li T, Lv J, Hu W, Yang Y, Jin Z. SOX11: friend or foe in tumor prevention and carcinogenesis? Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919853449. [PMID: 31210798 PMCID: PMC6547177 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919853449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-related high-mobility-group box transcription factor 11
(SOX11) is an essential member of the SOX transcription factors and has been
highlighted as an important regulator in embryogenesis. SOX11 studies have only
recently shifted focus from its role in embryogenesis and development to its
function in disease. In particular, the role of SOX11 in carcinogenesis has
become of major interest in the field. SOX11 expression is elevated in a wide
variety of tumors. In many cancers, dysfunctional expression of SOX11 has been
correlated with increased cancer cell survival, inhibited cell differentiation,
and tumor progression through the induction of metastasis and angiogenesis.
Nevertheless, in a limited number of malignancies, SOX11 has also been
identified to function as a tumor suppressor. Herein, we review the correlation
between the expression of SOX11 and tumor behaviors. We also summarize the
mechanisms underlying the regulation of SOX11 expression and activity in
pathological conditions. In particular, we focus on the pathological processes
of cancer targeted by SOX11 and discuss whether SOX11 is protective or
detrimental during tumor progression. Moreover, SOX11 is highlighted as a
clinical biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of various human cancer. The
information reviewed here should assist in future experimental designs and
emphasize the potential of SOX11 as a therapeutic target for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Ji
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
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182
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Sex determining region Y-box 12 (SOX12) promotes gastric cancer metastasis by upregulating MMP7 and IGF1. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:103-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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183
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Liu J, Du W. LncRNA FENDRR attenuates colon cancer progression by repression of SOX4 protein. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4287-4295. [PMID: 31213846 PMCID: PMC6549791 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Homo sapiens FOXF1 adjacent noncoding developmental regulatory RNA (FENDRR) is a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) exerting important effects on transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of FENDRR in colon cancer. Methods: Multiple cellular and molecular biology experiments were performed in the present study, such as CCK-8, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, confocal immunofluorescent and animal studies. Results: We determined that attenuation of FENDRR was a frequent event in colon cancer tissues and colon cancer cell lines, in contrast to their normal counterparts. Low levels of FENDRR were associated with the clinical stages and poor prognosis. Moreover, ectopic expression of FENDRR repressed colon cancer cell viability, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, through a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, we reported the discovery of FENDRR modulating the expression of SOX4 protein, and hence in the progression of colon cancer. Conclusion: Based on these data, we demonstrated that FENDRR may function as a tumor-suppressor gene by repressing SOX4 and as a potential therapeutic target for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Du
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng Clinical School of Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252000, People's Republic of China
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184
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Chen MJ, Deng J, Chen C, Hu W, Yuan YC, Xia ZK. LncRNA H19 promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis of esophageal cancer via STAT3/EZH2 axis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 113:27-36. [PMID: 31102664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNA H19 (lncRNA H19) has been widely reported in esophageal cancer (EC), and previous study had found that lncRNAH19 was up-regulated in EC and promoted cell proliferation and metastasis. However, the mechanism still needs further studied. METHODS Levels of lncRNA H19 were analyzed by qRT-PCR in matched samples from 30 patients. Expression levels of lncRNA H19, let-7, STAT3 and EZH2 were additionally identified by qRT-PCR and western blotting in five EC cell lines. The effects of lncRNA H19 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in cell lines were performed by MTT assay, colony formation assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry in vitro, and tumor formation was detected by xenograft nude mice model in vivo. The expression level of STAT3, EZH2, β-catenin, and EMT and metastasis related molecules such as E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail-1 and MMP-9 was assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Finally, luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay were used to verify the interaction between lncRNA H19 and let-7c, and their subsequent regulation of STAT3. RESULTS Knockdown of lncRNA H19 repressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as EMT and metastasis via STAT3-EZH2-β-catenin pathway, while lncRNA H19 regulated STAT3 negatively regulated let-7c in EC cell lines. CONCLUSIONS lncRNA H19 facilitates EMT and metastasis of EC through let-7c/STAT3/EZH2/β-catenin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jiu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha 410005, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Yun-Chang Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Zhen-Kun Xia
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China.
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185
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Wei D, Wang W, Shen B, Zhou Y, Yang X, Lu G, Yang J, Shao Y. MicroRNA‑199a‑5p suppresses migration and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma through inhibiting the EMT‑related transcription factor SOX4. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:185-195. [PMID: 31059001 PMCID: PMC6559314 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in human cancer. Recent studies have revealed that miR-199a-5p is abnormally expressed in various types of human cancer; however, the potential role of miR-199a-5p in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains elusive. The present study investigated the role of miR-199a-5p in OSCC cells and explored the potential molecular mechanism. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure miR-199a-5p expression in OSCC tissues and adjacent normal oral epithelial tissues. Cell invasion and migration were evaluated using Transwell invasion and wound-healing assays in OSCC cells post-transfection with miR-199a-5p mimics or negative control mimics. In addition, a luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify the target gene of miR-199a-5p in OSCC cells. The results demonstrated that miR-199a-5p expression was significantly downregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and was associated with tumor progression in OSCC. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-199a-5p inhibited cell invasion and migration, and blocked the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cascade. Notably, the results revealed that the EMT-related transcription factor SRY-box 4 (SOX4) was a direct target gene of miR-199a-5p, as determined by the direct binding of miR-199a-5p with the 3′-untranslated region of SOX4. In addition, knockdown of SOX4 by small interfering RNA-SOX4 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of OSCC cells. Conversely, overexpression of SOX4 rescued the suppressive effects of miR-199a-5p on cell migration and invasion. Collectively, these data indicated that miR-199a-5p may inhibit the migration and invasion of OSCC cells via targeting the EMT-related transcription factor SOX4, thus suggesting that miR-199a-5p may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyi Wei
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Guangjian Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Jianbin Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
| | - Yuebao Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, Henan 453100, P.R. China
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186
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Mittal V. Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Tumor Metastasis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 13:395-412. [PMID: 29414248 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 852] [Impact Index Per Article: 170.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related deaths; therefore, the prevention and treatment of metastasis are fundamental to improving clinical outcomes. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), an evolutionarily conserved developmental program, has been implicated in carcinogenesis and confers metastatic properties upon cancer cells by enhancing mobility, invasion, and resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, EMT-derived tumor cells acquire stem cell properties and exhibit marked therapeutic resistance. Given these attributes, the complex biological process of EMT has been heralded as a key hallmark of carcinogenesis, and targeting EMT pathways constitutes an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. However, demonstrating the necessity of EMT for metastasis in vivo has been technically challenging, and recent efforts to demonstrate a functional contribution of EMT to metastasis have yielded unexpected results. Therefore, determining the functional role of EMT in metastasis remains an area of active investigation. Studies using improved lineage tracing systems, dynamic in vivo imaging, and clinically relevant in vivo models have the potential to uncover the direct link between EMT and metastasis. This review focuses primarily on recent advances in and emerging concepts of the biology of EMT in metastasis in vivo and discusses future directions in the context of novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
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187
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Ning S, Ma X. Dephosphorylation‐induced EZH2 activation mediated RECK downregulation by ERK1/2 signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19010-19018. [PMID: 30912166 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Ning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Jinhua China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Health Education and Administration Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital Jinhua China
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188
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The role of SOX family members in solid tumours and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:122-153. [PMID: 30914279 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heavy burden for humans across the world with high morbidity and mortality. Transcription factors including sex determining region Y (SRY)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (SOX) proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of specific biological processes. The deregulation of gene expression programs can lead to cancer development. Here, we review the role of the SOX family in breast cancer, prostate cancer, renal cell carcinoma, thyroid cancer, brain tumours, gastrointestinal and lung tumours as well as the entailing therapeutic implications. The SOX family consists of more than 20 members that mediate DNA binding by the HMG domain and have regulatory functions in development, cell-fate decision, and differentiation. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5, SOX8, SOX9, and SOX18 are up-regulated in different cancer types and have been found to be associated with poor prognosis, while the up-regulation of SOX11 and SOX30 appears to be favourable for the outcome in other cancer types. SOX2, SOX4, SOX5 and other SOX members are involved in tumorigenesis, e.g. SOX2 is markedly up-regulated in chemotherapy resistant cells. The SoxF family (SOX7, SOX17, SOX18) plays an important role in angio- and lymphangiogenesis, with SOX18 seemingly being an attractive target for anti-angiogenic therapy and the treatment of metastatic disease in cancer. In summary, SOX transcription factors play an important role in cancer progression, including tumorigenesis, changes in the tumour microenvironment, and metastasis. Certain SOX proteins are potential molecular markers for cancer prognosis and putative potential therapeutic targets, but further investigations are required to understand their physiological functions.
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189
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Sadłecki P, Grabiec M, Grzanka D, Jóźwicki J, Antosik P, Walentowicz-Sadłecka M. Expression of zinc finger transcription factors (ZNF143 and ZNF281) in serous borderline ovarian tumors and low-grade ovarian cancers. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:23. [PMID: 30885238 PMCID: PMC6423742 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade ovarian cancers represent up to 8% of all epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOCs). Recent studies demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for the progression of EOCs. EMT plays a key role in cancer invasion, metastasis formation and chemotherapy resistance. An array of novel EMT transcription factors from the zinc finger protein family have been described recently, among them zinc finger protein 143 (ZNF143) and zinc finger protein 281 (ZNF281). The study included tissue specimens from 42 patients. Based on histopathological examination of surgical specimens, eight lesions were classified as serous borderline ovarian tumors (sBOTs) and 34 as low-grade EOCs. The proportions of the ovarian tumors that tested positively for ZNF143 and ZNF281 were 90 and 57%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the expressions of ZNF143 and ZNF281 transcription factors in SBOTs and low-grade EOCs. Considering the expression patterns for ZNF143 and ZNF281 identified in this study, both sBOTs and low-grade EOCs might undergo a dynamic epithelial-mesenchymal interconversion. The lack of statistically significant differences in the expressions of the zinc finger proteins in sBOTs and low-grade serous EOCs might constitute an evidence for common origin of these two tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Sadłecki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Marek Grabiec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dariusz Grzanka
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jakub Jóźwicki
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Walentowicz-Sadłecka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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190
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CUL4B promotes prostate cancer progression by forming positive feedback loop with SOX4. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:23. [PMID: 30872583 PMCID: PMC6418142 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0131-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
How to distinguish indolent from aggressive disease remains a great challenge in prostate cancer (PCa) management. Cullin 4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold protein and exhibits oncogenic activity in a variety of human malignancies. In this study, we utilized PCa tissue specimens, cell lines and xenograft models to determine whether CUL4B contributes to PCa progression and metastasis. Here, we show that CUL4B expression highly correlates with the aggressiveness of PCa. CUL4B expression promotes proliferation, epithelial−mesenchymal transition, and metastatic potential of PCa cells, whereas CUL4B knockdown inhibits. Mechanically, CUL4B positively regulates SOX4, a key regulator in PCa, through epigenetic silencing of miR-204. In turn, SOX4 upregulates CUL4B expression through transcriptional activation, thereby fulfilling a positive feedback loop. Clinically, CUL4B+/SOX4+ defines a subset of PCa patients with poor prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis further reveals that Wnt/ß-catenin activation signature is enriched in CUL4B+/SOX4+ patient subgroup. Intriguingly, Wnt inhibitors significantly attenuates oncogenic capacities of CUL4B in vitro and in vivo. Together, our study identifies CUL4B as a key modulator of aggressive PCa by a positive feedback loop that interacts with SOX4. This regulatory circuit may have a crucial role in PCa progression.
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191
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Du F, Chen J, Liu H, Cai Y, Cao T, Han W, Yi X, Qian M, Tian D, Nie Y, Wu K, Fan D, Xia L. SOX12 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating asparagine synthesis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:239. [PMID: 30858360 PMCID: PMC6412063 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) family has a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, the role of SOX12 and the mechanism by which it is dysregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Here we analyzed SOX12 expression patterns in two independent CRC cohorts (cohort I, n = 390; cohort II, n = 363) and found that SOX12 was significantly upregulated in CRC, indicating a poor prognosis in CRC patients. Overexpression of SOX12 promoted CRC cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas downregulation of SOX12 hampered CRC aggressiveness. Mechanistically, SOX12 facilitated asparagine synthesis by transactivating glutaminase (GLS), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 2 (GOT2), and asparagine synthetase (ASNS). Downregulation of GLS, GOT2, and ASNS blocked SOX12-mediated CRC cell proliferation and metastasis, whereas ectopic expression of GLS, GOT2, and ASNS attenuated the SOX12 knockdown-induced suppression of CRC progression. In addition, serial deletion, site-directed mutagenesis, luciferase reporter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays indicated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) directly binds to the SOX12 promoter and induces SOX12 expression. Administration of l-asparaginase decreased SOX12-mediated tumor growth and metastasis. In human CRC samples, SOX12 expression positively correlated with GLS, GOT2, ASNS, and HIF-1α expression. Based on these results, SOX12 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and l-asparaginase represents a potential novel therapeutic agent for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yanhui Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Tianyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meirui Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dean Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Limin Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.
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192
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Katsuno Y, Meyer DS, Zhang Z, Shokat KM, Akhurst RJ, Miyazono K, Derynck R. Chronic TGF-β exposure drives stabilized EMT, tumor stemness, and cancer drug resistance with vulnerability to bitopic mTOR inhibition. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/570/eaau8544. [PMID: 30808819 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau8544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumors comprise cancer stem cells (CSCs) and their heterogeneous progeny within a stromal microenvironment. In response to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epithelial and carcinoma cells undergo a partial or complete epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to cancer progression. This process is seen as reversible because cells revert to an epithelial phenotype upon TGF-β removal. However, we found that prolonged TGF-β exposure, mimicking the state of in vivo carcinomas, promotes stable EMT in mammary epithelial and carcinoma cells, in contrast to the reversible EMT induced by a shorter exposure. The stabilized EMT was accompanied by stably enhanced stem cell generation and anticancer drug resistance. Furthermore, prolonged TGF-β exposure enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. A bitopic mTOR inhibitor repressed CSC generation, anchorage independence, cell survival, and chemoresistance and efficiently inhibited tumorigenesis in mice. These results reveal a role for mTOR in the stabilization of stemness and drug resistance of breast cancer cells and position mTOR inhibition as a treatment strategy to target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Katsuno
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Dominique Stephan Meyer
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rosemary J Akhurst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rik Derynck
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. .,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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193
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Sun Z, Zhang T, Chen B. Long Non-Coding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Osteosarcoma Cells by Targeting c-Met and SOX4 via miR-34a/c-5p and miR-449a/b. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1410-1422. [PMID: 30793707 PMCID: PMC6396440 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a functional long non-coding RNA involved in many biologic processes. The study was aimed to explore the functional roles of MALAT1 in osteosarcoma progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 76 osteosarcoma tissues and paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from surgical resection. MALAT1, miRNAs, and genes mRNA expression levels were detected using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Protein expression level, cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed using western blot, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay respectively. The target relationships among miRNAs, MALAT1, and mRNA were detected via dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS We found that MALAT1 was frequently upregulated in osteosarcoma samples and cell lines and a high level of MALAT1 predicted poor overall survival in osteosarcoma patients. Knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Further study showed a positive correlation between MALAT1 and c-Met or SOX4 expression. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that MALAT1, as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), regulated osteosarcoma proliferation and metastasis through competitively binding to miR-34a/c-5p and miR-449a/b. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study illustrates a new regulatory mechanism for MALAT1 and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Sun
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tianfang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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194
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Camargo Ortega G, Falk S, Johansson PA, Peyre E, Broix L, Sahu SK, Hirst W, Schlichthaerle T, De Juan Romero C, Draganova K, Vinopal S, Chinnappa K, Gavranovic A, Karakaya T, Steininger T, Merl-Pham J, Feederle R, Shao W, Shi SH, Hauck SM, Jungmann R, Bradke F, Borrell V, Geerlof A, Reber S, Tiwari VK, Huttner WB, Wilsch-Bräuninger M, Nguyen L, Götz M. The centrosome protein AKNA regulates neurogenesis via microtubule organization. Nature 2019; 567:113-117. [PMID: 30787442 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The expansion of brain size is accompanied by a relative enlargement of the subventricular zone during development. Epithelial-like neural stem cells divide in the ventricular zone at the ventricles of the embryonic brain, self-renew and generate basal progenitors1 that delaminate and settle in the subventricular zone in enlarged brain regions2. The length of time that cells stay in the subventricular zone is essential for controlling further amplification and fate determination. Here we show that the interphase centrosome protein AKNA has a key role in this process. AKNA localizes at the subdistal appendages of the mother centriole in specific subtypes of neural stem cells, and in almost all basal progenitors. This protein is necessary and sufficient to organize centrosomal microtubules, and promote their nucleation and growth. These features of AKNA are important for mediating the delamination process in the formation of the subventricular zone. Moreover, AKNA regulates the exit from the subventricular zone, which reveals the pivotal role of centrosomal microtubule organization in enabling cells to both enter and remain in the subventricular zone. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is also regulated by AKNA in other epithelial cells, demonstrating its general importance for the control of cell delamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Camargo Ortega
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Falk
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia A Johansson
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elise Peyre
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Molecular regulation of neurogenesis, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Loïc Broix
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Molecular regulation of neurogenesis, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - William Hirst
- IRI for the Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Camino De Juan Romero
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Kalina Draganova
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stanislav Vinopal
- Laboratory for Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kaviya Chinnappa
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Anna Gavranovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Tugay Karakaya
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Steininger
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Juliane Merl-Pham
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Regina Feederle
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Monoclonal Antibody Core Facility, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany.,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Shao
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,BCMB Allied Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Song-Hai Shi
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,BCMB Allied Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Centre Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Department of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Bradke
- Laboratory for Axon Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Borrell
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Reber
- IRI for the Life Sciences, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany.,University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wieland B Huttner
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Nguyen
- GIGA-Stem Cells, Molecular regulation of neurogenesis, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany. .,Physiological Genomics, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany. .,SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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195
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Hong AL, Guerriero JL, Doshi MB, Kynnap BD, Kim WJ, Schinzel AC, Modiste R, Schlauch AJ, Adam RM, Kwiatkowski DJ, Beroukhim R, Letai A, Rosenberg JE, Hahn WC. MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1294-1304. [PMID: 30777879 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Focal amplification of chromosome 1q23.3 in patients with advanced primary or relapsed urothelial carcinomas is associated with poor survival. We interrogated chromosome 1q23.3 and the nearby focal amplicon 1q21.3, as both are associated with increased lymph node disease in patients with urothelial carcinoma. Specifically, we assessed whether the oncogene MCL1 that resides in 1q21.3 and the genes that reside in the 1q23.3 amplicon were required for the proliferation or survival of urothelial carcinoma. We observed that suppressing MCL1 or the death effector domain-containing protein (DEDD) in the cells that harbor amplifications of 1q21.3 or 1q23.3, respectively, inhibited cell proliferation. We also found that overexpression of MCL1 or DEDD increased anchorage independence growth in vitro and increased experimental metastasis in vivo in the nonamplified urothelial carcinoma cell line, RT112. The expression of MCL1 confers resistance to a range of apoptosis inducers, while the expression of DEDD led to resistance to TNFα-induced apoptosis. These observations identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinoma. IMPLICATIONS: These studies identify MCL1 and DEDD as genes that contribute to aggressive urothelial carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hong
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Mihir B Doshi
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Won Jun Kim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rameen Beroukhim
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Jonathan E Rosenberg
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - William C Hahn
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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196
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Lu C, Sidoli S, Kulej K, Ross K, Wu CH, Garcia BA. Coordination between TGF-β cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation during epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Epigenetics Chromatin 2019; 12:11. [PMID: 30736855 PMCID: PMC6368739 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-019-0256-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in cancer propagation. It can be orchestrated by the activation of multiple signaling pathways, which have been found to be highly coordinated with many epigenetic regulators. Although the mechanism of EMT has been studied over decades, cross talk between signaling and epigenetic regulation is not fully understood. RESULTS Here, we present a time-resolved multi-omics strategy, which featured the identification of the correlation between protein changes (proteome), signaling pathways (phosphoproteome) and chromatin modulation (histone modifications) dynamics during TGF-β-induced EMT. Our data revealed that Erk signaling was activated in 5-min stimulation and structural proteins involved in cytoskeleton rearrangement were regulated after 1-day treatment, constituting a detailed map of systematic changes. The comprehensive profiling of histone post-translational modifications identified H3K27me3 as the most significantly up-regulated mark. We thus speculated and confirmed that a combined inhibition of Erk signaling and Ezh2 (H3K27me3 methyltransferase) was more effective in blocking EMT progress than individual inhibitions. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our data provided a more detailed map of cross talk between signaling pathway and chromatin regulation comparing to previous EMT studies. Our findings point to a promising therapeutic strategy for EMT-related diseases by combining Erk inhibitor (singling pathway) and Ezh2 inhibitor (epigenetic regulation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lu
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kulej
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Karen Ross
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Cathy H Wu
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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197
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Meyer-Schaller N, Cardner M, Diepenbruck M, Saxena M, Tiede S, Lüönd F, Ivanek R, Beerenwinkel N, Christofori G. A Hierarchical Regulatory Landscape during the Multiple Stages of EMT. Dev Cell 2019; 48:539-553.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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198
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Perotti V, Baldassari P, Molla A, Nicolini G, Bersani I, Grazia G, Benigni F, Maurichi A, Santinami M, Anichini A, Mortarini R. An actionable axis linking NFATc2 to EZH2 controls the EMT-like program of melanoma cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4384-4396. [PMID: 30710146 PMCID: PMC6756060 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of new actionable targets and functional networks in melanoma is an urgent need as only a fraction of metastatic patients achieves durable clinical benefit by targeted therapy or immunotherapy approaches. Here we show that NFATc2 expression is associated with an EMT-like transcriptional program and with an invasive melanoma phenotype, as shown by analysis of melanoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels, interrogation of the TCGA melanoma dataset and characterization of melanoma lesions by immunohistochemistry. Gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of NFATc2 downregulated EMT-related genes and AXL, and suppressed c-Myc, FOXM1, and EZH2. Targeting of c-Myc suppressed FOXM1 and EZH2, while targeting of FOXM1 suppressed EZH2. Inhibition of c-Myc, or FOXM1, or EZH2 downregulated EMT-related gene expression, upregulated MITF and suppressed migratory and invasive activity of neoplastic cells. Stable silencing of NFATc2 impaired melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in SCID mice. In NFATc2+ EZH2+ melanoma cell lines pharmacological co-targeting of NFATc2 and EZH2 exerted strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, irrespective of BRAF or NRAS mutations and of BRAF inhibitor resistance. These results provide preclinical evidence for a role of NFATc2 in shaping the EMT-like melanoma phenotype and reveal a targetable vulnerability associated with NFATc2 and EZH2 expression in melanoma cells belonging to different mutational subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perotti
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Baldassari
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Molla
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bersani
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Grazia
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- HuMabs Biomed, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Santinami
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mortarini
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy.
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199
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Lin H, Shangguan Z, Zhu M, Bao L, Zhang Q, Pan S. lncRNA FLVCR1‐AS1 silencing inhibits lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the activity of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:10625-10632. [PMID: 30697812 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heping Lin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Zongxiao Shangguan
- Department of Respiratory Diseases The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Mengchu Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Lianmin Bao
- Department of Respiratory Diseases The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Shenghua Pan
- Department of Pathology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
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200
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Yu Y, Qi J, Xiong J, Jiang L, Cui D, He J, Chen P, Li L, Wu C, Ma T, Shao S, Wang J, Yu D, Zhou B, Huang D, Schmitt CA, Tao R. Epigenetic Co-Deregulation of EZH2/TET1 is a Senescence-Countering, Actionable Vulnerability in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:761-777. [PMID: 30809307 PMCID: PMC6376470 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells lack the expression of ER, PR and HER2. Thus, TNBC patients cannot benefit from hormone receptor-targeted therapy as non-TNBC patients, but can only receive chemotherapy as the systemic treatment and have a worse overall outcome. More effective therapeutic targets and combination therapy strategies are urgently needed to improve the treatment effectiveness. Methods: We analyzed the expression levels of EZH2 and TET1 in TCGA and our own breast cancer patient cohort, and tested their correlation with patient survival. We used TNBC and non-TNBC cell lines and mouse xenograft tumor model to unveil novel EZH2 targets and investigated the effect of EZH2 inhibition or TET1 overexpression in cell proliferation and viability of TNBC cells. Results: In TNBC cells, EZH2 decreases TET1 expression by H3K27me3 epigenetic regulation and subsequently suppresses anti-tumor p53 signaling pathway. Patients with high EZH2 and low TET1 presented the poorest survival outcome. Experimentally, targeting EZH2 in TNBC cells with specific inhibitor GSK343 or shRNA genetic approach could induce cell cycle arrest and senescence by elevating TET1 expression and p53 pathway activation. Using mouse xenograft model, we have tested a novel therapy strategy to combine GSK343 and chemotherapy drug Adriamycin and could show drastic and robust inhibition of TNBC tumor growth by synergistic induction of senescence and apoptosis. Conclusions: We postulate that the well-controlled dynamic pathway EZH2-H3K27me3-TET1 is a novel epigenetic co-regulator module and provide evidence regarding how to exploit it as a novel therapeutic target via its pivotal role in senescence and apoptosis control. Of clinical and therapeutic significance, the present study opens a new avenue for TNBC treatment by targeting the EZH2-H3K27me3-TET1 pathway that can modulate the epigenetic landscape.
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