151
|
Oeckl J, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Bardova K, Brunner S, Dieckmann S, Ecker J, Fromme T, Funda J, Gantert T, Giansanti P, Hidrobo MS, Kuda O, Kuster B, Li Y, Pohl R, Schmitt S, Schweizer S, Zischka H, Zouhar P, Kopecky J, Klingenspor M. Loss of UCP1 function augments recruitment of futile lipid cycling for thermogenesis in murine brown fat. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101499. [PMID: 35470094 PMCID: PMC9097615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Brunner
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Gantert
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Hidrobo
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
152
|
Gao Y, Shabalina IG, Braz GRF, Cannon B, Yang G, Nedergaard J. Establishing the potency of N-acyl amino acids versus conventional fatty acids as thermogenic uncouplers in cells and mitochondria from different tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2022; 1863:148542. [PMID: 35192808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The possibility that N-acyl amino acids could function as brown or brite/beige adipose tissue-derived lipokines that could induce UCP1-independent thermogenesis by uncoupling mitochondrial respiration in several peripheral tissues is of significant physiological interest. To quantify the potency of N-acyl amino acids versus conventional fatty acids as thermogenic inducers, we have examined the affinity and efficacy of two pairs of such compounds: oleate versus N-oleoyl-leucine and arachidonate versus N-arachidonoyl-glycine in cells and mitochondria from different tissues. We found that in cultures of the muscle-derived L6 cell line, as well as in primary cultures of murine white, brite/beige and brown adipocytes, the N-acyl amino acids were proficient uncouplers but that they did not systematically display higher affinity or potency than the conventional fatty acids, and they were not as efficient uncouplers as classical protonophores (FCCP). Higher concentrations of the N-acyl amino acids (as well as of conventional fatty acids) were associated with signs of deleterious effects on the cells. In liver mitochondria, we found that the N-acyl amino acids uncoupled similarly to conventional fatty acids, thus apparently via activation of the adenine nucleotide transporter-2. In brown adipose tissue mitochondria, the N-acyl amino acids were able to activate UCP1, again similarly to conventional fatty acids. We thus conclude that the formation of the acyl-amino acid derivatives does not confer upon the corresponding fatty acids an enhanced ability to induce thermogenesis in peripheral tissues, and it is therefore unlikely that the N-acyl amino acids are of specific physiological relevance as UCP1-independent thermogenic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China; The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Ruda F Braz
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gongshe Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- The Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
153
|
Duerre DJ, Galmozzi A. Deconstructing Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity One Cell at a Time. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847291. [PMID: 35399946 PMCID: PMC8990929 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central coordinator of physiologic metabolism, adipose tissue has long been appreciated as a highly plastic organ that dynamically responds to environmental cues. Once thought of as a homogenous storage depot, recent advances have enabled deep characterizations of the underlying structure and composition of adipose tissue depots. As the obesity and metabolic disease epidemics continue to accelerate due to modern lifestyles and an aging population, elucidation of the underlying mechanisms that control adipose and systemic homeostasis are of critical importance. Within the past decade, the emergence of deep cell profiling at tissue- and, recently, single-cell level has furthered our understanding of the complex dynamics that contribute to tissue function and their implications in disease development. Although many paradigm-shifting findings may lie ahead, profound advances have been made to forward our understanding of the adipose tissue niche in both health and disease. Now widely accepted as a highly heterogenous organ with major roles in metabolic homeostasis, endocrine signaling, and immune function, the study of adipose tissue dynamics has reached a new frontier. In this review, we will provide a synthesis of the latest advances in adipose tissue biology made possible by the use of single-cell technologies, the impact of epigenetic mechanisms on adipose function, and suggest what next steps will further our understanding of the role that adipose tissue plays in systemic physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Duerre
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrea Galmozzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
154
|
Sun Y, Kong L, Zhang AH, Han Y, Sun H, Yan GL, Wang XJ. A Hypothesis From Metabolomics Analysis of Diabetic Retinopathy: Arginine-Creatine Metabolic Pathway May Be a New Treatment Strategy for Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:858012. [PMID: 35399942 PMCID: PMC8987289 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is one of the serious complications of diabetes, which the leading causes of blindness worldwide, and its irreversibility renders the existing treatment methods unsatisfactory. Early detection and timely intervention can effectively reduce the damage caused by diabetic retinopathy. Metabolomics is a branch of systems biology and a powerful tool for studying pathophysiological processes, which can help identify the characteristic metabolic changes marking the progression of diabetic retinopathy, discover potential biomarkers to inform clinical diagnosis and treatment. This review provides an update on the known metabolomics biomarkers of diabetic retinopathy. Through comprehensive analysis of biomarkers, we found that the arginine biosynthesis is closely related to diabetic retinopathy. Meanwhile, creatine, a metabolite with arginine as a precursor, has attracted our attention due to its important correlation with diabetic retinopathy. We discuss the possibility of the arginine-creatine metabolic pathway as a therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Kong
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Sun
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Guang-Li Yan
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xi-Jun Wang
- National Chinmedomics Research Center and National Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Key Laboratory of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for the Development of Southwestern Endangered Medicinal Materials, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
155
|
Johansen OS, Ma T, Gerhart-Hines Z. Leveraging GPCR signaling in thermogenic fat to counteract metabolic diseases. Mol Metab 2022; 60:101474. [PMID: 35339729 PMCID: PMC9046952 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes are recognized for their unique capacity to consume extraordinary levels of metabolites and lipids from the blood to fuel heat-producing catabolic processes [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]]. In humans, the functions of thermogenic adipocytes are associated with cardiometabolic protection and improved glycemic control [[8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]]. Consequently, engaging these macronutrient-consuming and energy-dissipating activities has gained attention as a promising therapeutic strategy for counteracting metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. Scope of review In this review, we highlight new advances in our understanding of the physiological role of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in controlling thermogenic adipocyte biology. We further extend our discussion to the opportunities and challenges posed by pharmacologically targeting different elements of GPCR signaling in these highly specialized fat cells. Major conclusions GPCRs represent appealing candidates through which to harness adipose thermogenesis. Yet safely and effectively targeting these druggable receptors on brown and beige adipocytes has thus far proven challenging. Therefore, continued interrogation across the GPCR landscape is necessary for future leaps within the field of thermogenic fat biology to unlock the therapeutic potential of adipocyte catabolism. Brown and beige thermogenic adipocytes robustly consume and catabolize macronutrients. The catabolic activity of thermogenic adipocytes promotes organismal energy balance. Thermogenic adipocyte functions are tightly controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs can be potentially targeted at multiple levels to therapeutically harness thermogenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sveidahl Johansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, DK
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK; Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, DK; Center for Adipocyte Signaling, Odense, DK.
| |
Collapse
|
156
|
Abstract
Specialized fat tissue generates heat and holds the potential to counter metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK.,ADIPOSIGN: Center for Adipocyte Signaling, University of Southern Denmark, DK.,Embark Biotech ApS, Copenhagen, DK
| |
Collapse
|
157
|
Križančić Bombek L, Čater M. Skeletal Muscle Uncoupling Proteins in Mice Models of Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030259. [PMID: 35323702 PMCID: PMC8955650 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and accompanying type 2 diabetes are among major and increasing worldwide problems that occur fundamentally due to excessive energy intake during its expenditure. Endotherms continuously consume a certain amount of energy to maintain core body temperature via thermogenic processes, mainly in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle glucose utilization and heat production are significant and directly linked to body glucose homeostasis at rest, and especially during physical activity. However, this glucose balance is impaired in diabetic and obese states in humans and mice, and manifests as glucose resistance and altered muscle cell metabolism. Uncoupling proteins have a significant role in converting electrochemical energy into thermal energy without ATP generation. Different homologs of uncoupling proteins were identified, and their roles were linked to antioxidative activity and boosting glucose and lipid metabolism. From this perspective, uncoupling proteins were studied in correlation to the pathogenesis of diabetes and obesity and their possible treatments. Mice were extensively used as model organisms to study the physiology and pathophysiology of energy homeostasis. However, we should be aware of interstrain differences in mice models of obesity regarding thermogenesis and insulin resistance in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in this review, we gathered up-to-date knowledge on skeletal muscle uncoupling proteins and their effect on insulin sensitivity in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
|
158
|
Li Y, Wang D, Ping X, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Wang L, Jin L, Zhao W, Guo M, Shen F, Meng M, Chen X, Zheng Y, Wang J, Li D, Zhang Q, Hu C, Xu L, Ma X. Local hyperthermia therapy induces browning of white fat and treats obesity. Cell 2022; 185:949-966.e19. [PMID: 35247329 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Beige fat plays key roles in the regulation of systemic energy homeostasis; however, detailed mechanisms and safe strategy for its activation remain elusive. In this study, we discovered that local hyperthermia therapy (LHT) targeting beige fat promoted its activation in humans and mice. LHT achieved using a hydrogel-based photothermal therapy activated beige fat, preventing and treating obesity in mice without adverse effects. HSF1 is required for the effects since HSF1 deficiency blunted the metabolic benefits of LHT. HSF1 regulates Hnrnpa2b1 (A2b1) transcription, leading to increased mRNA stability of key metabolic genes. Importantly, analysis of human association studies followed by functional analysis revealed that the HSF1 gain-of-function variant p.P365T is associated with improved metabolic performance in humans and increased A2b1 transcription in mice and cells. Overall, we demonstrate that LHT offers a promising strategy against obesity by inducing beige fat activation via HSF1-A2B1 transcriptional axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaodan Ping
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yankang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Li Jin
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mingwei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Meiyao Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Cheng Hu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Centre for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China.
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Xinran Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fengxian Central Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shanghai 201499, China; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Genome Editing and Cell Therapy, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
159
|
Schröder HC, Wang X, Neufurth M, Wang S, Tan R, Müller WEG. Inorganic Polymeric Materials for Injured Tissue Repair: Biocatalytic Formation and Exploitation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030658. [PMID: 35327460 PMCID: PMC8945818 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two biocatalytically produced inorganic biomaterials show great potential for use in regenerative medicine but also other medical applications: bio-silica and bio-polyphosphate (bio-polyP or polyP). Biosilica is synthesized by a group of enzymes called silicateins, which mediate the formation of amorphous hydrated silica from monomeric precursors. The polymeric silicic acid formed by these enzymes, which have been cloned from various siliceous sponge species, then undergoes a maturation process to form a solid biosilica material. The second biomaterial, polyP, has the extraordinary property that it not only has morphogenetic activity similar to biosilica, i.e., can induce cell differentiation through specific gene expression, but also provides metabolic energy through enzymatic cleavage of its high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. This reaction is catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase, a ubiquitous enzyme that, in combination with adenylate kinase, forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from polyP. This article attempts to highlight the biomedical importance of the inorganic polymeric materials biosilica and polyP as well as the enzymes silicatein and alkaline phosphatase, which are involved in their metabolism or mediate their biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C. Schröder
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.C.S.); (X.W.); (M.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.C.S.); (X.W.); (M.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Meik Neufurth
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.C.S.); (X.W.); (M.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Shunfeng Wang
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.C.S.); (X.W.); (M.N.); (S.W.)
| | - Rongwei Tan
- Shenzhen Lando Biomaterials Co., Ltd., Building B3, Unit 2B-C, China Merchants Guangming Science Park, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- ERC Advanced Investigator Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (H.C.S.); (X.W.); (M.N.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-3925910
| |
Collapse
|
160
|
Tang Y, Zong H, Kwon H, Qiu Y, Pessin JB, Wu L, Buddo KA, Boykov I, Schmidt CA, Lin CT, Neufer PD, Schwartz GJ, Kurland IJ, Pessin J. TIGAR deficiency enhances skeletal muscle thermogenesis by increasing neuromuscular junction cholinergic signaling. eLife 2022; 11:73360. [PMID: 35254259 PMCID: PMC8947760 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholinergic and sympathetic counter-regulatory networks control numerous physiological functions, including learning/memory/cognition, stress responsiveness, blood pressure, heart rate, and energy balance. As neurons primarily utilize glucose as their primary metabolic energy source, we generated mice with increased glycolysis in cholinergic neurons by specific deletion of the fructose-2,6-phosphatase protein TIGAR. Steady-state and stable isotope flux analyses demonstrated increased rates of glycolysis, acetyl-CoA production, acetylcholine levels, and density of neuromuscular synaptic junction clusters with enhanced acetylcholine release. The increase in cholinergic signaling reduced blood pressure and heart rate with a remarkable resistance to cold-induced hypothermia. These data directly demonstrate that increased cholinergic signaling through the modulation of glycolysis has several metabolic benefits particularly to increase energy expenditure and heat production upon cold exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Hyokjoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Jacob B Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Licheng Wu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Katherine A Buddo
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Ilya Boykov
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Cameron A Schmidt
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Chien-Te Lin
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Jeffrey Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| |
Collapse
|
161
|
Guitart-Mampel M, Urquiza P, Carnevale Neto F, Anderson JR, Hambardikar V, Scoma ER, Merrihew GE, Wang L, MacCoss MJ, Raftery D, Peffers MJ, Solesio ME. Mitochondrial Inorganic Polyphosphate (polyP) Is a Potent Regulator of Mammalian Bioenergetics in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Proteomics and Metabolomics Study. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833127. [PMID: 35252194 PMCID: PMC8892102 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient, ubiquitous, and well-conserved polymer which is present in all the studied organisms. It is formed by individual subunits of orthophosphate which are linked by structurally similar bonds and isoenergetic to those found in ATP. While the metabolism and the physiological roles of polyP have already been described in some organisms, including bacteria and yeast, the exact role of this polymer in mammalian physiology still remains poorly understood. In these organisms, polyP shows a co-localization with mitochondria, and its role as a key regulator of the stress responses, including the maintenance of appropriate bioenergetics, has already been demonstrated by our group and others. Here, using Wild-type (Wt) and MitoPPX (cells enzymatically depleted of mitochondrial polyP) SH-SY5Y cells, we have conducted a comprehensive study of the status of cellular physiology, using proteomics and metabolomics approaches. Our results suggest a clear dysregulation of mitochondrial physiology, especially of bioenergetics, in MitoPPX cells when compared with Wt cells. Moreover, the effects induced by the enzymatic depletion of polyP are similar to those present in the mitochondrial dysfunction that is observed in neurodegenerative disorders and in neuronal aging. Based on our findings, the metabolism of mitochondrial polyP could be a valid and innovative pharmacological target in these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Urquiza
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James R. Anderson
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vedangi Hambardikar
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Ernest R. Scoma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Gennifer E. Merrihew
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E. Solesio
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| |
Collapse
|
162
|
McKie GL, Medak KD, Shamshoum H, Wright DC. Topical application of the pharmacological cold mimetic menthol stimulates brown adipose tissue thermogenesis through a TRPM8, UCP1, and norepinephrine dependent mechanism in mice housed at thermoneutrality. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22205. [PMID: 35157333 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101905rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing whole-body energy expenditure via the pharmacological activation of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is a promising weight management strategy, yet most therapeutics studied in rodents to date either induce compensatory increases in energy intake, have thermogenic effects that are confounded by sub-thermoneutral housing temperatures or are not well tolerated in humans. Here, we sought to determine whether the non-invasive topical application of the pharmacological cold mimetic and transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel subfamily M member 8 (TRPM8) agonist L-menthol (MNTH), could be used to stimulate BAT thermogenesis and attenuate weight gain in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Using three different strains of mice and multiple complimentary approaches to quantify thermogenesis in vivo, coupled with ex vivo models to quantify direct thermogenic effects, we were able to convincingly demonstrate the following: (1) acute topical MNTH application induces BAT thermogenesis in a TRPM8- and UCP1-dependent manner; (2) MNTH-induced BAT thermogenesis is sufficient to attenuate weight gain over time without affecting energy intake in lean and obese mice; (3) the ability of topical MNTH application to stimulate BAT thermogenesis is mediated, in part, by a central mechanism involving the release of norepinephrine. These data collectively suggest that topical application of MNTH may be a promising weight management strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg L McKie
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hesham Shamshoum
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health & Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
163
|
Gap Junction-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Connexin43 in Biology. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020283. [PMID: 35205149 PMCID: PMC8869330 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in animal evolution, the emergence of gap junctions allowed direct exchanges of cellular substances for communication between two cells. Innexin proteins constituted primordial gap junctions until the connexin protein emerged in deuterostomes and took over the gap junction function. After hundreds of millions of years of gene duplication, the connexin gene family now comprises 21 members in the human genome. Notably, GJA1, which encodes the Connexin43 protein, is one of the most widely expressed and commonly studied connexin genes. The loss of Gja1 in mice leads to swelling and a blockage of the right ventricular outflow tract and death of the embryos at birth, suggesting a vital role of Connexin43 gap junction in heart development. Since then, the importance of Connexin43-mediated gap junction function has been constantly expanded to other types of cells. Other than forming gap junctions, Connexin43 can also form hemichannels to release or uptake small molecules from the environment or even mediate many physiological processes in a gap junction-independent manner on plasma membranes. Surprisingly, Connexin43 also localizes to mitochondria in the cell, playing important roles in mitochondrial potassium import and respiration. At the molecular level, Connexin43 mRNA and protein are processed with very distinct mechanisms to yield carboxyl-terminal fragments with different sizes, which have their unique subcellular localization and distinct biological activities. Due to many exciting advancements in Connexin43 research, this review aims to start with a brief introduction of Connexin43 and then focuses on updating our knowledge of its gap junction-independent functions.
Collapse
|
164
|
Abstract
Mitochondria of all tissues convert various metabolic substrates into two forms of energy: ATP and heat. Historically, the primary focus of research in mitochondrial bioenergetics was on the mechanisms of ATP production, while mitochondrial thermogenesis received significantly less attention. Nevertheless, mitochondrial heat production is crucial for the maintenance of body temperature, regulation of the pace of metabolism, and prevention of oxidative damage to mitochondria and the cell. In addition, mitochondrial thermogenesis has gained significance as a pharmacological target for treating metabolic disorders. Mitochondria produce heat as the result of H+ leak across their inner membrane. This review provides a critical assessment of the current field of mitochondrial H+ leak and thermogenesis, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the function and regulation of uncoupling protein 1 and the ADP/ATP carrier, the two proteins that mediate mitochondrial H+ leak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambre M. Bertholet
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, 600 16 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA,Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Yuriy Kirichok
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
165
|
Sakers A, De Siqueira MK, Seale P, Villanueva CJ. Adipose-tissue plasticity in health and disease. Cell 2022; 185:419-446. [PMID: 35120662 PMCID: PMC11152570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, colloquially known as "fat," is an extraordinarily flexible and heterogeneous organ. While historically viewed as a passive site for energy storage, we now appreciate that adipose tissue regulates many aspects of whole-body physiology, including food intake, maintenance of energy levels, insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune responses. A crucial property of adipose tissue is its high degree of plasticity. Physiologic stimuli induce dramatic alterations in adipose-tissue metabolism, structure, and phenotype to meet the needs of the organism. Limitations to this plasticity cause diminished or aberrant responses to physiologic cues and drive the progression of cardiometabolic disease along with other pathological consequences of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sakers
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Mirian Krystel De Siqueira
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
| | - Claudio J Villanueva
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-7070 USA.
| |
Collapse
|
166
|
Brownstein AJ, Veliova M, Acin-Perez R, Liesa M, Shirihai OS. ATP-consuming futile cycles as energy dissipating mechanisms to counteract obesity. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:121-131. [PMID: 34741717 PMCID: PMC8873062 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity results from an imbalance in energy homeostasis, whereby excessive energy intake exceeds caloric expenditure. Energy can be dissipated out of an organism by producing heat (thermogenesis), explaining the long-standing interest in exploiting thermogenic processes to counteract obesity. Mitochondrial uncoupling is a process that expends energy by oxidizing nutrients to produce heat, instead of ATP synthesis. Energy can also be dissipated through mechanisms that do not involve mitochondrial uncoupling. Such mechanisms include futile cycles described as metabolic reactions that consume ATP to produce a product from a substrate but then converting the product back into the original substrate, releasing the energy as heat. Energy dissipation driven by cellular ATP demand can be regulated by adjusting the speed and number of futile cycles. Energy consuming futile cycles that are reviewed here are lipolysis/fatty acid re-esterification cycle, creatine/phosphocreatine cycle, and the SERCA-mediated calcium import and export cycle. Their reliance on ATP emphasizes that mitochondrial oxidative function coupled to ATP synthesis, and not just uncoupling, can play a role in thermogenic energy dissipation. Here, we review ATP consuming futile cycles, the evidence for their function in humans, and their potential employment as a strategy to dissipate energy and counteract obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Brownstein
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela Veliova
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acin-Perez
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Metabolism Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Molecular Cellular Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
167
|
Maqdasy S, Lecoutre S, Renzi G, Frendo-Cumbo S, Rizo-Roca D, Moritz T, Juvany M, Hodek O, Gao H, Couchet M, Witting M, Kerr A, Bergo MO, Choudhury RP, Aouadi M, Zierath JR, Krook A, Mejhert N, Rydén M. Impaired phosphocreatine metabolism in white adipocytes promotes inflammation. Nat Metab 2022; 4:190-202. [PMID: 35165448 PMCID: PMC8885409 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms promoting disturbed white adipocyte function in obesity remain largely unclear. Herein, we integrate white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolomic and transcriptomic data from clinical cohorts and find that the WAT phosphocreatine/creatine ratio is increased and creatine kinase-B expression and activity is decreased in the obese state. In human in vitro and murine in vivo models, we demonstrate that decreased phosphocreatine metabolism in white adipocytes alters adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activity via effects on adenosine triphosphate/adenosine diphosphate levels, independently of WAT beigeing. This disturbance promotes a pro-inflammatory profile characterized, in part, by increased chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) production. These data suggest that the phosphocreatine/creatine system links cellular energy shuttling with pro-inflammatory responses in human and murine white adipocytes. Our findings provide unexpected perspectives on the mechanisms driving WAT inflammation in obesity and may present avenues to target adipocyte dysfunction.
Collapse
Grants
- SM was supported by the Université Clermont Auvergne, Société Francophone du Diabète and Fondation Bettencourt Schueller.
- S.F.C. is supported by a Novo Nordisk postdoctoral fellowship run in partnership with Karolinska Institutet.
- the NovoNordisk Foundation (NNF20OC0061149), CIMED, Swedish Research Council.
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation)
- Margareta af Uggla’s foundation, the Swedish Research Council, ERC-SyG SPHERES (856404 to M.R.), the NovoNordisk Foundation (including the Tripartite Immuno-metabolism Consortium Grant Number NNF15CC0018486, the MSAM consortium NNF15SA0018346 and the MeRIAD consortium Grant number 0064142), Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundation, CIMED, the Swedish Diabetes Foundation, the Stockholm County Council and the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salwan Maqdasy
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et maladies métaboliques, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire GReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, Faculté de Médecine, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Simon Lecoutre
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Renzi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Scott Frendo-Cumbo
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- The NovoNordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marta Juvany
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ondrej Hodek
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Michael Witting
- Metabolomics and proteomics core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Freising, Germany
| | - Alastair Kerr
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Martin O Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mejhert
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
168
|
de Frutos S, Griera M, Hatem-Vaquero M, Campillo S, Gutiérrez-Calabres E, García-Ayuso D, Pardo M, Calleros L, Rodríguez-Puyol M, Rodríguez-Puyol D. The integrin beta1 modulator Tirofiban prevents adipogenesis and obesity by the overexpression of integrin-linked kinase: a pre-clinical approach in vitro and in vivo. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:10. [PMID: 35090553 PMCID: PMC8796419 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is caused by the enlargement of the white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, characterized by the hypertrophic enlargement of malfunctioning adipocytes within WAT which increases the storage of triglycerides (TG) in the lipid droplets (LD). Adipogenesis pathways as well as the expression and activity of some extracellular matrix receptors integrins are upregulated. Integrinβ1 (INTB1) is the main isoform involved in WAT remodeling during obesity and insulin resistance-related diseases. We recently described Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK), a scaffold protein recruited by INTB1, as an important mediator of WAT remodeling and insulin resistance. As the few approved drugs to fight obesity have brought long-term cardiovascular side effects and given that the consideration of INTB1 and/or ILK modulation as anti-obesogenic strategies remains unexplored, we aimed to evaluate the anti-obesogenic capacity of the clinically approved anticoagulant Tirofiban (TF), stated in preclinical studies as a cardiovascular protector. Methods Fully differentiated adipocytes originating from C3H10T1/2 were exposed to TF and were co-treated with specific INTB1 blockers or with siRNA-based knockdown ILK expression. Lipid-specific dyes were used to determine the TG content in LD. The genetic expression pattern of ILK, pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP1, IL6), adipogenesis (PPARγ, Leptin), thermogenesis (UCP1), proliferation (PCNA), lipid metabolism (FASN, HSL, ATGL), and metabolite transporters (FABP4, FAT, AQP7) were detected using quantitative PCR. Cytoskeletal actin polymerization was detected by confocal microscopy. Immunoblotting was performed to detect INTB1 phosphorylation at Thr788/9 and ILK activity as phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (AKT) in Ser473 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) at Ser9. TF was intraperitoneally administered once per day to wildtype and ILK knockdown mice (cKDILK) challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD) or control diet (STD) for 2 weeks. Body and WAT weight gains were compared. The expression of ILK and other markers was determined in the visceral epididymal (epi) and inguinal subcutaneous (sc) WAT. Results TF reduced TG content and the expression of adipogenesis markers and transporters in adipocytes, while UCP-1 expression was increased and the expression of lipases, cytokines or PCNA was not affected. Mechanistically, TF rapidly increased and faded the intracellular phosphorylation of INTB1 but not AKT or GSK3β. F-actin levels were rapidly decreased, and INTB1 blockade avoided the TF effect. After 24 h, ILK expression and phosphorylation rates of AKT and GSK3β were upregulated, while ILK silencing increased TG content. INTB1 blockade and ILK silencing avoided TF effects on the TG content and the transcriptional expression of PPARγ and UCP1. In HFD-challenged mice, the systemic administration of TF for several days reduced the weight gain on WAT depots. TF reduced adipogenesis and pro-inflammatory biomarkers and increased lipolysis markers HSL and FAT in epiWAT from HFD, while increased UCP1 in scWAT. In both WATs, TF upregulated ILK expression and activity, while no changes were observed in other tissues. In HFD-fed cKDILK, the blunted ILK in epiWAT worsened weight gain and avoided the anti-obesogenic effect of in vivo TF administration. Conclusions ILK downregulation in WAT can be considered a biomarker of obesity establishment. Via an INTB1-ILK axis, TF restores malfunctioning hypertrophied WAT by changing the expression of adipocyte-related genes, increasing ILK expression and activity, and reducing TG storage. TF prevents obesity, a property to be added to its anticoagulant and cardiovascular protective advantages. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13578-022-00746-1.
Collapse
|
169
|
Endo Y, Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Okada T, Takeuchi T, Goto A, Yamashita H. CREG1 improves diet-induced obesity via uncoupling protein 1-dependent manner in mice. Genes Cells 2022; 27:202-213. [PMID: 35007381 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and stimulate energy metabolism, protecting against obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) can stimulate thermogenic fat formation, induce UCP1, and reduce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice at normal room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effect of CREG1 administration and the importance of UCP1 in DIO inhibition under thermoneutral conditions at 30°C, which attenuate thermogenic fat formation. Interestingly, subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein via an osmotic pump in C57BL/6J mice for four weeks increased UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), inhibited visceral white fat hypertrophy with partial browning, and reduced DIO compared with that in PBS-treated mice. The mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related genes was significantly increased in the IBAT of CREG1-treated mice compared to that in PBS-treated mice. In contrast, adipocyte-specific overexpression of CREG1 failed to improve DIO in UCP1-knockout mice at thermoneutrality. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of CREG1 administration for obesity under thermogenic fat-attenuating conditions and highlight the indispensable role of UCP1 in the DIO-inhibitory effect of CREG1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
170
|
Li F, Wang S, Cui X, Jing J, Yu L, Xue B, Shi H. Adipocyte Utx Deficiency Promotes High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:181. [PMID: 35053297 PMCID: PMC8773702 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While the main function of white adipose tissue (WAT) is to store surplus of energy as triacylglycerol, that of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is to burn energy as heat. Epigenetic mechanisms participate prominently in both WAT and BAT energy metabolism. We previously reported that the histone demethylase ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide (Utx) is a positive regulator of brown adipocyte thermogenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate whether Utx also regulates WAT metabolism in vivo. We generated a mouse model with Utx deficiency in adipocytes (AUTXKO). AUTXKO animals fed a chow diet had higher body weight, more fat mass and impaired glucose tolerance. AUTXKO mice also exhibited cold intolerance with an impaired brown fat thermogenic program. When challenged with high-fat diet (HFD), AUTXKO mice displayed adipose dysfunction featured by suppressed lipogenic pathways, exacerbated inflammation and fibrosis with less fat storage in adipose tissues and more lipid storage in the liver; as a result, AUTXKO mice showed a disturbance in whole body glucose homeostasis and hepatic steatosis. Our data demonstrate that Utx deficiency in adipocytes limits adipose tissue expansion under HFD challenge and induces metabolic dysfunction via adipose tissue remodeling. We conclude that adipocyte Utx is a key regulator of systemic metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Shirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Liqing Yu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (J.J.)
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (S.W.); (X.C.); (J.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
171
|
Mills EL, Harmon C, Jedrychowski MP, Xiao H, Gruszczyk AV, Bradshaw GA, Tran N, Garrity R, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Szpyt J, Prendeville H, Lynch L, Murphy MP, Gygi SP, Spiegelman BM, Chouchani ET. Cysteine 253 of UCP1 regulates energy expenditure and sex-dependent adipose tissue inflammation. Cell Metab 2022; 34:140-157.e8. [PMID: 34861155 PMCID: PMC8732317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) is a major regulator of brown and beige adipocyte energy expenditure and metabolic homeostasis. However, the widely employed UCP1 loss-of-function model has recently been shown to have a severe deficiency in the entire electron transport chain of thermogenic fat. As such, the role of UCP1 in metabolic regulation in vivo remains unclear. We recently identified cysteine-253 as a regulatory site on UCP1 that elevates protein activity upon covalent modification. Here, we examine the physiological importance of this site through the generation of a UCP1 cysteine-253-null (UCP1 C253A) mouse, a precise genetic model for selective disruption of UCP1 in vivo. UCP1 C253A mice exhibit significantly compromised thermogenic responses in both males and females but display no measurable effect on fat accumulation in an obesogenic environment. Unexpectedly, we find that a lack of C253 results in adipose tissue redox stress, which drives substantial immune cell infiltration and systemic inflammatory pathology in adipose tissues and liver of male, but not female, mice. Elevation of systemic estrogen reverses this male-specific pathology, providing a basis for protection from inflammation due to loss of UCP1 C253 in females. Together, our results establish the UCP1 C253 activation site as a regulator of acute thermogenesis and sex-dependent tissue inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cathal Harmon
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Mark P Jedrychowski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Gary A Bradshaw
- Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nhien Tran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Garrity
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John Szpyt
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah Prendeville
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
172
|
Zhang H, Wu Y, Tang P, Zhu H, Gan Z, Zhang HQ, Wu D. Accurate and Real-Time Detection Method for the Exothermic Behavior of Enzymatic Nano-Microregions Using Temperature-Sensitive Amino-AgInS 2 Quantum Dots. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2100811. [PMID: 35041293 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The thermal behavior of enzymes in nanoscale is of great significance to life phenomena. This nonequilibrium state real-time thermal behavior of enzymes at nanoscale cannot be accurately detected by existing methods. Herein, a novel method is developed for the detection of this thermal behavior. The enzyme-quantum dot (QD) conjugates can be obtained by chemically grafting temperature-sensitive amino-AgInS2 QDs to the enzyme, where the QDs act as nanothermometers with a sensitivity of -2.82% °C-1 . Detecting the photoluminescence intensity changes of the enzyme-QD conjugates, the real-time thermal behavior of enzymes can be obtained. The enzyme-QD conjugates show a temperature difference as high as 6 °C above ambient temperature in nano-microregions with good reproducibility (maximum error of 4%) during catalysis, while solution temperature hardly changed. This method has a temperature resolution of ≈0.5 °C with a detection limit of 0.02 mg mL-1 of enzyme, and spatially ensured that the amino-AgInS2 QDs are quantitatively bound to the enzyme; thus, it can accurately detect the exothermic behavior of the enzyme and can be extended to other organisms' detection. This method has high sensitivity, good stability, and reliability, indicating its great potential application in investigating the thermal behavior of organisms in nanoscale and related life phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Youshen Wu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhai Gan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Hu-Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
173
|
Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
Collapse
|
174
|
Xia J, Yu P, Zeng Z, Ma M, Yan X, Zhao J, Gong D, Zhang G, Wang J. Medium chain triglycerides improve lipid metabolism in obese rats by increasing the browning of adipose tissue through the sympathetic regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:8068-8080. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00239f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the mechanism of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) promoting the browning of adipose tissue. High fat diet was fed to the Sprague-Dawley rats to induce obesity,...
Collapse
|
175
|
Luo J, Wang Y, Gilbert E, Liu D. Deletion of GPR30 Drives the Activation of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Respiration to Induce Adipose Thermogenesis in Female Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877152. [PMID: 35592783 PMCID: PMC9110859 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes possess a promising approach to combat obesity with its capability promoting energy metabolism. We previously discovered that deletion of GPR30 (GPRKO), a presumably membrane-associated estrogen receptor, protected female mice from developing obesity, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance when challenged with a high-fat diet (HFD). In vivo, the metabolic phenotype of wild type (WT) and GPRKO female mice were measured weekly. Acute cold tolerance test was performed. Ex vivo, mitochondrial respiration of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was analyzed from diet-induced obese female mice of both genotypes. In vitro, stromal vascular fractions (SVF) were isolated for beige adipocyte differentiation to investigate the role of GPR30 in thermogenic adipocyte. Deletion of GPR30 protects female mice from hypothermia and the mitochondria in BAT are highly energetic in GPRKO animals while the WT mitochondria remain in a relatively quiescent stage. Consistently, GPR30 deficiency enhances beige adipocyte differentiation in white adipose tissue (WAT) and activates the thermogenic browning of subcutaneous WAT due to up-regulation of UCP-1, which thereby protects female mice from HFD-induced obesity. GPR30 is a negative regulator of thermogenesis, which at least partially contributes to the reduced adiposity in the GPRKO female mice. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism by which GPR30 regulates fat metabolism and adiposity in female mice exposed to excess calories, which may be instrumental in the development of new therapeutic strategies for obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dongmin Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
176
|
Rahbani JF, Chouchani ET, Spiegelman BM, Kazak L. Measurement of Futile Creatine Cycling Using Respirometry. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2448:141-153. [PMID: 35167096 PMCID: PMC9165624 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2087-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermogenic adipose tissue plays a vital function in regulating whole-body energy expenditure and nutrient homeostasis due to its capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat, in a process called non-shivering thermogenesis. A reduction of creatine levels in adipocytes impairs thermogenic capacity and promotes diet-induced obesityKazak et al, Cell 163, 643-55, 2015; Kazak et al, Cell Metab 26, 660-671.e3, 2017; Kazak et al, Nat Metab 1, 360-370, 2019). Mechanistically, thermogenic respiration can be promoted by the liberation of an excess quantity of ADP that is dependent on addition of creatine. A model of a two-enzyme system, which we term the Futile Creatine Cycle, has been posited to support this thermogenic action of creatine. Futile creatine cycling can be monitored in purified mitochondrial preparations wherein creatine-dependent liberation of ADP is monitored through the measurement of oxygen consumption under ADP-limiting conditions. The current model proposes that, in thermogenic fat cells, mitochondria-targeted creatine kinase B (CKB) uses mitochondrial-derived ATP to phosphorylate creatine (Rahbani JF, Nature 590, 480-485, 2021). The creatine kinase reaction generates phosphocreatine and ADP, and ADP stimulates respiration. Next, a pool of mitochondrial phosphocreatine is directly hydrolyzed by a phosphatase, to regenerate creatine. The liberated creatine can then engage mitochondrial CKB to trigger another round of this cycle to support ADP-dependent respiration. In this model, the coordinated action of creatine phosphorylation and phosphocreatine hydrolysis triggers a futile cycle that produces a molar excess of mitochondrial ADP to promote thermogenic respiration (Rahbani JF, Nature 590, 480-485, 2021; Kazak and Cohen, Nat Rev Endocrinol 16, 421-436, 2020). Here, we provide a detailed method to perform respiratory measurements on isolated mitochondria and calculate the stoichiometry of creatine-dependent ADP liberation. This method provides a direct measure of the futile creatine cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janane F Rahbani
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lawrence Kazak
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
177
|
Laurila S, Rebelos E, Lahesmaa M, Sun L, Schnabl K, Peltomaa TM, Klén R, U-Din M, Honka MJ, Eskola O, Kirjavainen AK, Nummenmaa L, Klingenspor M, Virtanen KA, Nuutila P. Novel effects of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin on cardiac metabolism and renal function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E54-E62. [PMID: 34806426 PMCID: PMC8791786 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00260.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac benefits of gastrointestinal hormones have been of interest in recent years. The aim of this study was to explore the myocardial and renal effects of the gastrointestinal hormone secretin in the GUTBAT trial (NCT03290846). A placebo-controlled crossover study was conducted on 15 healthy males in fasting conditions, where subjects were blinded to the intervention. Myocardial glucose uptake was measured with [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography. Kidney function was measured with [18F]FDG renal clearance and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Secretin increased myocardial glucose uptake compared with placebo (secretin vs. placebo, means ± SD, 15.5 ± 7.4 vs. 9.7 ± 4.9 μmol/100 g/min, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.2, 9.4], P = 0.004). Secretin also increased [18F]FDG renal clearance (44.5 ± 5.4 vs. 39.5 ± 8.5 mL/min, 95%CI [1.9, 8.1], P = 0.004), and eGFR was significantly increased from baseline after secretin, compared with placebo (17.8 ± 9.8 vs. 6.0 ± 5.2 ΔmL/min/1.73 m2, 95%CI [6.0, 17.6], P = 0.001). Our results implicate that secretin increases heart work and renal filtration, making it an interesting drug candidate for future studies in heart and kidney failure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Secretin increases myocardial glucose uptake compared with placebo, supporting a previously proposed inotropic effect. Secretin also increased renal filtration rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Laurila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Heart Center, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, Finland
| | - Eleni Rebelos
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Lahesmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jorvi Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lihua Sun
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katharina Schnabl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Riku Klén
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mueez U-Din
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Lauri Nummenmaa
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kirsi A Virtanen
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pirjo Nuutila
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
178
|
Zhou Y, Xu Z, Wang L, Ling D, Nong Q, Xie J, Zhu X, Shan T. Cold Exposure Induces Depot-Specific Alterations in Fatty Acid Composition and Transcriptional Profile in Adipose Tissues of Pigs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827523. [PMID: 35282453 PMCID: PMC8905645 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure promotes fat oxidation and modulates the energy metabolism in adipose tissue through multiple mechanisms. However, it is still unclear about heat-generating capacity and lipid mobilization of different fat depots without functional mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In this study, we kept finishing pigs (lack a functional UCP1 gene) under cold (5-7°C) or room temperature (22-25°C) and determined the effects of overnight cold exposure on fatty acid composition and transcriptional profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). And the plasma metabolomes of porcine was also studied by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. We found that the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) content was decreased in SAT upon cold exposure. While in VAT, the relative content of lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0) were decreased without affecting total SFA content. RNA-seq results showed SAT possess active organic acid metabolism and energy mobilization upon cold exposure. Compared with SAT, cold-induced transcriptional changes were far less broad in VAT, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in fat cell differentiation and cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that the contents of organic acids like creatine, acamprosate, DL-3-phenyllactic acid and taurine were increased in plasma upon overnight cold treatment, suggesting that cold exposure induced lipid and fatty acid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) might be regulated by functions of organic acids. These results provide new insights into the effects of short-term cold exposure on lipid metabolism in adipose tissues without functional UCP1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan,
| |
Collapse
|
179
|
Tsuda T, Kumazawa S. Propolis: Chemical Constituents, Plant Origin, and Possible Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15484-15494. [PMID: 34910481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Honeybee products are not only beneficial to human health but also important to the food industry. One such product is propolis, a resinous substance that honeybees collect from certain trees and plants and store inside their hives. Although various health benefits of propolis have been reported, the chemical composition of propolis varies greatly depending on the growing region and plant origin. These differences have led to many misconceptions and conflicting research results. In this paper, we review research findings on how the growing region and plant origin of propolis affects its composition. We also discuss trends in research on the antiobesity and antidiabetes effects of propolis as well as recent findings that a major component of Brazilian green propolis modulates adipocyte function. Finally, we discuss challenges to be tackled in future research on the health benefits of propolis and share our perspective on the future of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Shigenori Kumazawa
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
180
|
Wade G, McGahee A, Ntambi JM, Simcox J. Lipid Transport in Brown Adipocyte Thermogenesis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:787535. [PMID: 35002769 PMCID: PMC8733649 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis is an energy demanding process that primarily occurs in brown and beige adipose tissue. Beyond regulating body temperature, these thermogenic adipocytes regulate systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Historically, research on thermogenic adipocytes has focused on glycolytic metabolism due to the discovery of active brown adipose tissue in adult humans through glucose uptake imaging. The importance of lipids in non-shivering thermogenesis has more recently been appreciated. Uptake of circulating lipids into thermogenic adipocytes is necessary for body temperature regulation and whole-body lipid homeostasis. A wide array of circulating lipids contribute to thermogenic potential including free fatty acids, triglycerides, and acylcarnitines. This review will summarize the mechanisms and regulation of lipid uptake into brown adipose tissue including protein-mediated uptake, lipoprotein lipase activity, endocytosis, vesicle packaging, and lipid chaperones. We will also address existing gaps in knowledge for cold induced lipid uptake into thermogenic adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
181
|
Ma Y, Liu S, Jun H, Wu J. CHRNA2: a new paradigm in beige thermoregulation and metabolism. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:479-489. [PMID: 34952750 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of thermogenic adipocytes to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis has been increasingly appreciated in recent years. It is now recognized that different types (e.g., brown, beige) and subtypes of thermogenic adipocytes may arise from various developmental origins. In addition to the adrenergic pathway, other signals can activate thermogenesis, including paracrine communication between immune cells within the adipose tissue niche and thermogenic adipocytes. In this opinion article we highlight the recently discovered beige-selective signaling between acetylcholine from immune cells and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit (CHRNA2) in activated beige adipocytes. We present our current knowledge of how this previously unrecognized adipose non-neuronal cholinergic signaling pathway mediates beige thermoregulation, and discuss its impact on whole-body fitness and its therapeutic potential as a novel target for combating metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Ma
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Heejin Jun
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
182
|
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue has been extensively studied in the last decade for its potential to counteract the obesity pandemic. However, the paracrine regulation within brown tissue is largely unknown. Here, we show that local acetate directly inhibits brown fat thermogenesis, without changing acetate levels in the circulation. We demonstrate that modulating acetate within brown tissue at physiological levels blunts its function and systemically decreases energy expenditure. Using a series of transcriptomic analyses, we identified genes related to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and brown adipocyte formation, which are down-regulated upon local acetate administration. Overall, these findings demonstrate that local acetate inhibits brown fat function.
Collapse
|
183
|
Li F, Cui X, Jing J, Wang S, Shi H, Xue B, Shi H. Brown Fat Dnmt3b Deficiency Ameliorates Obesity in Female Mice. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121325. [PMID: 34947856 PMCID: PMC8703316 DOI: 10.3390/life11121325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity results from a chronic energy imbalance due to energy intake exceeding energy expenditure. Activation of brown fat thermogenesis has been shown to combat obesity. Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, has emerged as a key regulator of brown fat thermogenic function. Here we aimed to study the role of Dnmt3b, a DNA methyltransferase involved in de novo DNA methylation, in the regulation of brown fat thermogenesis and obesity. We found that the specific deletion of Dnmt3b in brown fat promotes the thermogenic and mitochondrial program in brown fat, enhances energy expenditure, and decreases adiposity in female mice fed a regular chow diet. With a lean phenotype, the female knockout mice also exhibit increased insulin sensitivity. In addition, Dnmt3b deficiency in brown fat also prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in female mice. Interestingly, our RNA-seq analysis revealed an upregulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway in the brown fat of female Dnmt3b knockout mice. However, male Dnmt3b knockout mice have no change in their body weight, suggesting the existence of sexual dimorphism in the brown fat Dnmt3b knockout model. Our data demonstrate that Dnmt3b plays an important role in the regulation of brown fat function, energy metabolism and obesity in female mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Jia Jing
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Shirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (H.S.)
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; (F.L.); (X.C.); (J.J.); (S.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
184
|
Resident and migratory adipose immune cells control systemic metabolism and thermogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 19:421-431. [PMID: 34837070 PMCID: PMC8891307 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is a vital source of energy for all mammals. The balance between glucose uptake, metabolism and storage determines the energy status of an individual, and perturbations in this balance can lead to metabolic diseases. The maintenance of organismal glucose metabolism is a complex process that involves multiple tissues, including adipose tissue, which is an endocrine and energy storage organ that is critical for the regulation of systemic metabolism. Adipose tissue consists of an array of different cell types, including specialized adipocytes and stromal and endothelial cells. In addition, adipose tissue harbors a wide range of immune cells that play vital roles in adipose tissue homeostasis and function. These cells contribute to the regulation of systemic metabolism by modulating the inflammatory tone of adipose tissue, which is directly linked to insulin sensitivity and signaling. Furthermore, these cells affect the control of thermogenesis. While lean adipose tissue is rich in type 2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, obesity tips the balance in favor of a proinflammatory milieu, leading to the development of insulin resistance and the dysregulation of systemic metabolism. Notably, anti-inflammatory immune cells, including regulatory T cells and innate lymphocytes, protect against insulin resistance and have the characteristics of tissue-resident cells, while proinflammatory immune cells are recruited from the circulation to obese adipose tissue. Here, we review the key findings that have shaped our understanding of how immune cells regulate adipose tissue homeostasis to control organismal metabolism.
Collapse
|
185
|
Li F, Jing J, Movahed M, Cui X, Cao Q, Wu R, Chen Z, Yu L, Pan Y, Shi H, Shi H, Xue B. Epigenetic interaction between UTX and DNMT1 regulates diet-induced myogenic remodeling in brown fat. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6838. [PMID: 34824202 PMCID: PMC8617140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27141-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocytes share the same developmental origin with skeletal muscle. Here we find that a brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling also exists in mature brown adipocytes, and is induced by prolonged high fat diet (HFD) feeding, leading to brown fat dysfunction. This process is regulated by the interaction of epigenetic pathways involving histone and DNA methylation. In mature brown adipocytes, the histone demethylase UTX maintains persistent demethylation of the repressive mark H3K27me3 at Prdm16 promoter, leading to high Prdm16 expression. PRDM16 then recruits DNA methyltransferase DNMT1 to Myod1 promoter, causing Myod1 promoter hypermethylation and suppressing its expression. The interaction between PRDM16 and DNMT1 coordinately serves to maintain brown adipocyte identity while repressing myogenic remodeling in mature brown adipocytes, thus promoting their active brown adipocyte thermogenic function. Suppressing this interaction by HFD feeding induces brown adipocyte-to-myocyte remodeling, which limits brown adipocyte thermogenic capacity and compromises diet-induced thermogenesis, leading to the development of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Li
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Jia Jing
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Miranda Movahed
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Xin Cui
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Qiang Cao
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Rui Wu
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Ziyue Chen
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Liqing Yu
- grid.411024.20000 0001 2175 4264Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Yi Pan
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA ,grid.458489.c0000 0001 0483 7922Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 P.R. China
| | - Huidong Shi
- grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA ,grid.410427.40000 0001 2284 9329Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Hang Shi
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Bingzhong Xue
- grid.256304.60000 0004 1936 7400Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| |
Collapse
|
186
|
Biagi CAO, Cury SS, Alves CP, Rabhi N, Silva WA, Farmer SR, Carvalho RF, Batista ML. Multidimensional Single-Nuclei RNA-Seq Reconstruction of Adipose Tissue Reveals Adipocyte Plasticity Underlying Thermogenic Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113073. [PMID: 34831295 PMCID: PMC8618495 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been classified based on its morphology and function as white, brown, or beige/brite. It plays an essential role as a regulator of systemic metabolism through paracrine and endocrine signals. Recently, multiple adipocyte subtypes have been revealed using RNA sequencing technology, going beyond simply defined morphology but also by their cellular origin, adaptation to metabolic stress, and plasticity. Here, we performed an in-depth analysis of publicly available single-nuclei RNAseq from adipose tissue and utilized a workflow template to characterize adipocyte plasticity, heterogeneity, and secretome profiles. The reanalyzed dataset led to the identification of different subtypes of adipocytes including three subpopulations of thermogenic adipocytes, and provided a characterization of distinct transcriptional profiles along the adipocyte trajectory under thermogenic challenges. This study provides a useful resource for further investigations regarding mechanisms related to adipocyte plasticity and trans-differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Oliveira Biagi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil; (C.A.O.B.J.); (W.A.S.J.)
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil
- Institute for Cancer Research, IPEC, Guarapuava 85100-000, Brazil
| | - Sarah Santiloni Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Cleidson Pádua Alves
- Department of Translational Genomics, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Nabil Rabhi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (N.R.); (S.R.F.)
| | - Wilson Araujo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil; (C.A.O.B.J.); (W.A.S.J.)
- Center for Cell-Based Therapy (CEPID/FAPESP), National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cell and Cell Therapy (INCTC/CNPq), Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Stephen R. Farmer
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (N.R.); (S.R.F.)
| | - Robson Francisco Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
- Correspondence: (R.F.C.); (M.L.B.J.)
| | - Miguel Luiz Batista
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (N.R.); (S.R.F.)
- Department of Integrated Biotechnology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo 08747-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (R.F.C.); (M.L.B.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
187
|
Yuko OO, Saito M. Brown Fat as a Regulator of Systemic Metabolism beyond Thermogenesis. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:840-852. [PMID: 34176254 PMCID: PMC8640153 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a specialized tissue for nonshivering thermogenesis to dissipate energy as heat. Although BAT research has long been limited mostly in small rodents, the rediscovery of metabolically active BAT in adult humans has dramatically promoted the translational studies on BAT in health and diseases. Moreover, several remarkable advancements have been made in brown fat biology over the past decade: The molecular and functional analyses of inducible thermogenic adipocytes (socalled beige adipocytes) arising from a developmentally different lineage from classical brown adipocytes have been accelerated. In addition to a well-established thermogenic activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), several alternative thermogenic mechanisms have been discovered, particularly in beige adipocytes. It has become clear that BAT influences other peripheral tissues and controls their functions and systemic homeostasis of energy and metabolic substrates, suggesting BAT as a metabolic regulator, other than for thermogenesis. This notion is supported by discovering that various paracrine and endocrine factors are secreted from BAT. We review the current understanding of BAT pathophysiology, particularly focusing on its role as a metabolic regulator in small rodents and also in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Masayuki Saito
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo, Japan
- Corresponding author: Masayuki Saito https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-3003 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
188
|
Glycogen metabolism links glucose homeostasis to thermogenesis in adipocytes. Nature 2021; 599:296-301. [PMID: 34707293 PMCID: PMC9186421 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adipocytes increase energy expenditure in response to prolonged sympathetic activation via persistent expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)1,2. Here we report that the regulation of glycogen metabolism by catecholamines is critical for UCP1 expression. Chronic β-adrenergic activation leads to increased glycogen accumulation in adipocytes expressing UCP1. Adipocyte-specific deletion of a scaffolding protein, protein targeting to glycogen (PTG), reduces glycogen levels in beige adipocytes, attenuating UCP1 expression and responsiveness to cold or β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated weight loss in obese mice. Unexpectedly, we observed that glycogen synthesis and degradation are increased in response to catecholamines, and that glycogen turnover is required to produce reactive oxygen species leading to the activation of p38 MAPK, which drives UCP1 expression. Thus, glycogen has a key regulatory role in adipocytes, linking glucose metabolism to thermogenesis.
Collapse
|
189
|
Kim D, Lee Y, Kim HR, Park YJ, Hwang H, Rhim H, Kang T, Choi CW, Lee B, Kim MS. Hypothalamic administration of sargahydroquinoic acid elevates peripheral thermogenic signaling and ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity through the sympathetic nervous system. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21315. [PMID: 34716371 PMCID: PMC8556287 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00074-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C.Agardh, a marine brown alga, has been consumed as a food and traditional medicine in Asia. A previous study showed that the meroterpenoid-rich fraction of an ethanolic extract of S. serratifolium (MES) induced adipose tissue browning and suppressed diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome when orally supplemented. Sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) is a major component of MES. However, it is unclear whether SHQA regulates energy homeostasis through the central nervous system. To examine this, SHQA was administrated through the third ventricle in the hypothalamus in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6 mice and investigated its effects on energy homeostasis. Chronic administration of SHQA into the brain reduced body weight without a change in food intake and improved metabolic syndrome-related phenotypes. Cold experiments and biochemical analyses indicated that SHQA elevated thermogenic signaling pathways, as evidenced by an increase in body temperature and UCP1 signaling in white and brown adipose tissues. Peripheral denervation experiments using 6-OHDA indicated that the SHQA-induced anti-obesity effect is mediated by the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, possibly by regulating genes associated with sympathetic outflow and GABA signaling pathways. In conclusion, hypothalamic injection of SHQA elevates peripheral thermogenic signaling and ameliorates diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Lee
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Park
- Korea Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Korean Convergence Medicine, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34504, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongik Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Kang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Product Research Team, Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
190
|
BMP7 Increases UCP1-Dependent and Independent Thermogenesis with a Unique Gene Expression Program in Human Neck Area Derived Adipocytes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111078. [PMID: 34832860 PMCID: PMC8625022 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipocytes contribute to energy storage, accumulating lipid droplets, whereas brown and beige adipocytes mainly function in dissipating energy as heat primarily via the action of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) was shown to drive brown adipocyte differentiation in murine interscapular adipose tissue. Here, we performed global RNA-sequencing and functional assays on adipocytes obtained from subcutaneous (SC) and deep-neck (DN) depots of human neck and differentiated with or without BMP7. We found that BMP7 did not influence differentiation but upregulated browning markers, including UCP1 mRNA and protein in SC and DN derived adipocytes. BMP7 also enhanced mitochondrial DNA content, levels of oxidative phosphorylation complex subunits, along with PGC1α and p-CREB upregulation, and fragmentation of mitochondria. Furthermore, both UCP1-dependent proton leak and UCP1-independent, creatine-driven substrate cycle coupled thermogenesis were augmented upon BMP7 addition. The gene expression analysis also shed light on the possible role of genes unrelated to thermogenesis thus far, including ACAN, CRYAB, and ID1, which were among the highest upregulated ones by BMP7 treatment in both types of adipocytes. Together, our study shows that BMP7 strongly upregulates thermogenesis in human neck area derived adipocytes, along with genes, which might have a supporting role in energy expenditure.
Collapse
|
191
|
Nederveen JP, Manta K, Bujak AL, Simone AC, Fuda MR, Nilsson MI, Hettinga BP, Hughes MC, Perry CGR, Tarnopolsky MA. A Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Activates a Browning Program in White Adipose Tissue and Mitigates Weight Gain in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:3726. [PMID: 34835983 PMCID: PMC8623014 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of a novel multi-ingredient supplement comprised of polyphenol antioxidants and compounds known to facilitate mitochondrial function and metabolic enhancement (ME) in a mouse model of obesity. In this study, 6-week-old male C57/BL6J mice were placed on a high-fat diet (HFD; ~60% fat) for 6 weeks, with subsequent allocation into experimentalgroups for 4 weeks: HFD control, HFD + ME10 (10 components), HFD + ME7 (7 components), HFD + ME10 + EX, HFD + EX (where '+EX' animals exercised 3 days/week), and chow-fed control. After the intervention, HFD control animals had significantly greater body weight and fat mass. Despite the continuation of HFD, animals supplemented with multi-ingredient ME or who performed exercise training showed an attenuation of fat mass and preservation of lean body mass, which was further enhanced when combined (ME+EX). ME supplementation stimulated the upregulation of white and brown adipose tissue mRNA transcripts associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, browning, fatty acid transport, and fat metabolism. In WAT depots, this was mirrored by mitochodrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) protein expression, and increased in vivo fat oxidation measured via CLAMS. ME supplementation also decreased systemic and local inflammation markers. Herein, we demonstrated that novel multi-ingredient nutritional supplements induced significant fat loss independent of physical activity while preserving muscle mass in obese mice. Mechanistically, these MEs appear to act by inducing a browning program in white adipose tissue and decreasing other pathophysiological impairments associated with obesity, including mitochondrial respiration alterations induced by HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Katherine Manta
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Adam L. Bujak
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Alexander C. Simone
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Matthew R. Fuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
| | - Mats I. Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Bart P. Hettinga
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Meghan C. Hughes
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Christopher G. R. Perry
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada; (M.C.H.); (C.G.R.P.)
| | - Mark A. Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (J.P.N.); (K.M.); (A.C.S.); (M.R.F.)
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), 1200 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada; (A.L.B.); (M.I.N.); (B.P.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
192
|
Intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α regulates lactate levels to shape the gut microbiome and alter thermogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1988-2003.e7. [PMID: 34329568 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota regulates obesity through metabolite-host interactions. However, the mechanisms underlying such interactions have been unclear. Here, we found that intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) positively regulates gut lactate by controlling the expression of intestinal Ldha. Intestine-specific HIF-2α ablation in mice resulted in lower lactate levels, and less Bacteroides vulgatus and greater Ruminococcus torques abundance, respectively. Together, these changes resulted in elevated taurine-conjugated cholic acid (TCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) levels and activation of the adipose G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, GPBAR1 (TGR5). This activation upregulated expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and mitochondrial creatine kinase (CKMT) 2, resulting in elevation of white adipose tissue thermogenesis. Administration of TCA and DCA mirrored these phenotypes, and colonization with B. vulgatus and R. torques inhibited and induced thermogenesis, respectively. This work deepens our understanding of how host genes regulate the microbiome and provides novel strategies for alleviating obesity.
Collapse
|
193
|
Fatty Acids Rescue the Thermogenic Function of Sympathetically Denervated Brown Fat. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101428. [PMID: 34680061 PMCID: PMC8533276 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) innervation into brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been viewed as an impetus for brown fat thermogenesis. However, we surprisingly discovered that BAT SNS innervation is dispensable for mice to maintain proper body temperature during a prolonged cold exposure. Here we aimed to uncover the physiological factors compensating for maintaining brown fat thermogenesis in the absence of BAT innervation. After an initial decline of body temperature during cold exposure, mice with SNS surgical denervation in interscapular BAT gradually recovered their temperature comparable to that of sham-operated mice. The surgically denervated BAT also maintained a sizable uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein along with basal norepinephrine (NE) at a similar level to that of sham controls, which were associated with increased circulating NE. Furthermore, the denervated mice exhibited increased free fatty acid levels in circulation. Indeed, surgical denervation of mice with CGI-58 deletion in adipocytes, a model lacking lipolytic capacity to release fatty acids from WAT, dramatically reduced BAT UCP1 protein and rendered the mice susceptible to cold. We conclude that circulating fatty acids and NE may serve as key factors for maintaining BAT thermogenic function and body temperature in the absence of BAT sympathetic innervation.
Collapse
|
194
|
Briolay A, Bessueille L, Magne D. TNAP: A New Multitask Enzyme in Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910470. [PMID: 34638808 PMCID: PMC8509042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is mainly known for its necessary role in skeletal and dental mineralization, which relies on the hydrolysis of the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Mutations in the gene encoding TNAP leading to severe hypophosphatasia result in strongly reduced mineralization and perinatal death. Fortunately, the relatively recent development of a recombinant TNAP with a bone anchor has allowed to correct the bone defects and prolong the life of affected babies and children. Researches on TNAP must however not be slowed down, because accumulating evidence indicates that TNAP activation in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with enhanced cardiovascular mortality, presumably in relation with cardiovascular calcification. On the other hand, TNAP appears to be necessary to prevent the development of steatohepatitis in mice, suggesting that TNAP plays protective roles. The aim of the present review is to highlight the known or suspected functions of TNAP in energy metabolism that may be associated with the development of MetS. The location of TNAP in liver and its function in bile excretion, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detoxification and fatty acid transport will be presented. The expression and function of TNAP in adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis will also be discussed. Given that TNAP is a tissue- and substrate-nonspecific phosphatase, we believe that it exerts several crucial pathophysiological functions that are just beginning to be discovered.
Collapse
|
195
|
Giroud M, Jodeleit H, Prentice KJ, Bartelt A. Adipocyte function and the development of cardiometabolic disease. J Physiol 2021; 600:1189-1208. [PMID: 34555180 DOI: 10.1113/jp281979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a medical disorder caused by multiple mechanisms of dysregulated energy balance. A major consequence of obesity is an increased risk to develop diabetes, diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. While a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms linking obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease is needed, translational research of the human pathology is hampered by the available cellular and rodent model systems. Major barriers are the species-specific differences in energy balance, vascular biology and adipose tissue physiology, especially related to white and brown adipocytes, and adipose tissue browning. In rodents, non-shivering thermogenesis is responsible for a large part of energy expenditure, but humans possess much less thermogenic fat, which means temperature is an important variable in translational research. Mouse models with predisposition to dyslipidaemia housed at thermoneutrality and fed a high-fat diet more closely reflect human physiology. Also, adipocytes play a key role in the endocrine regulation of cardiovascular function. Adipocytes secrete a variety of hormones, lipid mediators and other metabolites that directly influence the local microenvironment as well as distant tissues. This is specifically apparent in perivascular depots, where adipocytes modulate vascular function and inflammation. Altogether, these mechanisms highlight the critical role of adipocytes in the development of cardiometabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maude Giroud
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henrika Jodeleit
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Kacey J Prentice
- Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Molecular Metabolism & Sabri Ülker Center for Metabolic Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
196
|
Bokhari MH, Halleskog C, Åslund A, Boulet N, Casadesús Rendos E, de Jong JMA, Csikasz R, Amri EZ, Shabalina I, Bengtsson T. Isothermal microcalorimetry measures UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in mature brite adipocytes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1108. [PMID: 34548622 PMCID: PMC8455563 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue has emerged as an important target for the development of novel anti-obesity therapies. Using multi-well isothermal microcalorimetry, we have demonstrated that mature murine brown and brite adipocytes produce quantifiable heat upon β3-AR stimulation, independently of any anaerobic mechanisms. Additionally, in brite adipocytes lacking UCP1 protein, β3-AR stimulation still induces heat production, albeit to a much lower extent than in their wildtype counterparts, suggesting that UCP1 is an essential component of adrenergic induced thermogenesis in murine brite adipocytes exvivo. Similarly, we could observe an increase in heat production in human-derived adipocytes (hMADS) upon β-AR stimulation. Collectively, these results establish the use of isothermal microcalorimetry as a sensitive and accurate technique for measuring thermogenic responses in intact mature brite adipocytes from murine and human origin. Bokhari et al. demonstrate mature murine brown and brite adipocytes produce quantifiable heat with β3-AR stimulation. They indicate that the essential component of this mechanism is UCP1 by using adipocytes lacking the protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hamza Bokhari
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Halleskog
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alice Åslund
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, INSERM/Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Casadesús Rendos
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jasper Martin Anton de Jong
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Csikasz
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Irina Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tore Bengtsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
197
|
Dieckmann S, Maurer S, Kleigrewe K, Klingenspor M. Spatial Recruitment of Cardiolipins in Inguinal White Adipose Tissue after Cold Stimulation is Independent of UCP1. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
- EKFZ – Else Kröner‐Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
- EKFZ – Else Kröner‐Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Karin Kleigrewe
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS) Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine TUM School of Life Sciences Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
- EKFZ – Else Kröner‐Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
- ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health Technical University of Munich Freising 85354 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
198
|
Paulo E, Zhang Y, Masand R, Huynh TL, Seo Y, Swaney DL, Soucheray M, Stevenson E, Jimenez-Morales D, Krogan NJ, Wang B. Brown adipocyte ATF4 activation improves thermoregulation and systemic metabolism. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109742. [PMID: 34551310 PMCID: PMC9202523 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold-induced thermogenesis in endotherms demands adaptive thermogenesis fueled by mitochondrial respiration and Ucp1-mediated uncoupling in multilocular brown adipocytes (BAs). However, dietary regulation of thermogenesis in BAs isn't fully understood. Here, we describe that the deficiency of Leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat containing-protein (Lrpprc) in BAs reduces mtDNA-encoded ETC gene expression, causes ETC proteome imbalance, and abolishes the mitochondria-fueled thermogenesis. BA-specific Lrpprc knockout mice are cold resistant in a 4°C cold-tolerance test in the presence of food, which is accompanied by the activation of transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and proteome turnover in BAs. ATF4 activation genetically by BA-specific ATF4 overexpression or physiologically by a low-protein diet feeding can improve cold tolerance in wild-type and Ucp1 knockout mice. Furthermore, ATF4 activation in BAs improves systemic metabolism in obesogenic environment regardless of Ucp1's action. Therefore, our study reveals a diet-dependent but Ucp1-independent thermogenic mechanism in BAs that is relevant to systemic thermoregulation and energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Paulo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yun Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ruchi Masand
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tony L Huynh
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - David Jimenez-Morales
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Biao Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
199
|
Adipose tissue-derived neurotrophic factor 3 regulates sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5362. [PMID: 34508100 PMCID: PMC8433218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown fat thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is important in brown/beige adipocyte thermogenesis. Here we discover a fat-derived "adipokine" neurotrophic factor neurotrophin 3 (NT-3) and its receptor Tropomyosin receptor kinase C (TRKC) as key regulators of SNS growth and innervation in adipose tissue. NT-3 is highly expressed in brown/beige adipocytes, and potently stimulates sympathetic neuron neurite growth. NT-3/TRKC regulates a plethora of pathways in neuronal axonal growth and elongation. Adipose tissue sympathetic innervation is significantly increased in mice with adipocyte-specific NT-3 overexpression, but profoundly reduced in mice with TRKC haploinsufficiency (TRKC +/-). Increasing NT-3 via pharmacological or genetic approach promotes beige adipocyte development, enhances cold-induced thermogenesis and protects against diet-induced obesity (DIO); whereas TRKC + /- or SNS TRKC deficient mice are cold intolerant and prone to DIO. Thus, NT-3 is a fat-derived neurotrophic factor that regulates SNS innervation, energy metabolism and obesity.
Collapse
|
200
|
Cannataro R, Carbone L, Petro JL, Cione E, Vargas S, Angulo H, Forero DA, Odriozola-Martínez A, Kreider RB, Bonilla DA. Sarcopenia: Etiology, Nutritional Approaches, and miRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9724. [PMID: 34575884 PMCID: PMC8466275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function, dramatically affects the quality of life. Although there is a consensus that sarcopenia is a multifactorial syndrome, the etiology and underlying mechanisms are not yet delineated. Moreover, research about nutritional interventions to prevent the development of sarcopenia is mainly focused on the amount and quality of protein intake. The impact of several nutrition strategies that consider timing of food intake, anti-inflammatory nutrients, metabolic control, and the role of mitochondrial function on the progression of sarcopenia is not fully understood. This narrative review summarizes the metabolic background of this phenomenon and proposes an integral nutritional approach (including dietary supplements such as creatine monohydrate) to target potential molecular pathways that may affect reduce or ameliorate the adverse effects of sarcopenia. Lastly, miRNAs, in particular those produced by skeletal muscle (MyomiR), might represent a valid tool to evaluate sarcopenia progression as a potential rapid and early biomarker for diagnosis and characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cannataro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Leandro Carbone
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Salvador, Buenos Aires 1020, Argentina
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
| | - Erika Cione
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
- Galascreen Laboratories, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Salvador Vargas
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Heidy Angulo
- Grupo de Investigación Programa de Medicina (GINUMED), Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez, Cartagena 130001, Colombia;
| | - Diego A. Forero
- Health and Sport Sciences Research Group, School of Health and Sport Sciences, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Adrián Odriozola-Martínez
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain;
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society, DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia; (J.L.P.); (S.V.); (D.A.B.)
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences (GICAFS), Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- kDNA Genomics, Joxe Mari Korta Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|