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Crisp PA, Ganguly D, Eichten SR, Borevitz JO, Pogson BJ. Reconsidering plant memory: Intersections between stress recovery, RNA turnover, and epigenetics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2016; 2:e1501340. [PMID: 26989783 PMCID: PMC4788475 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants grow in dynamic environments where they can be exposed to a multitude of stressful factors, all of which affect their development, yield, and, ultimately, reproductive success. Plants are adept at rapidly acclimating to stressful conditions and are able to further fortify their defenses by retaining memories of stress to enable stronger or more rapid responses should an environmental perturbation recur. Indeed, one mechanism that is often evoked regarding environmental memories is epigenetics. Yet, there are relatively few examples of such memories; neither is there a clear understanding of their duration, considering the plethora of stresses in nature. We propose that this field would benefit from investigations into the processes and mechanisms enabling recovery from stress. An understanding of stress recovery could provide fresh insights into when, how, and why environmental memories are created and regulated. Stress memories may be maladaptive, hindering recovery and affecting development and potential yield. In some circumstances, it may be advantageous for plants to learn to forget. Accordingly, the recovery process entails a balancing act between resetting and memory formation. During recovery, RNA metabolism, posttranscriptional gene silencing, and RNA-directed DNA methylation have the potential to play key roles in resetting the epigenome and transcriptome and in altering memory. Exploration of this emerging area of research is becoming ever more tractable with advances in genomics, phenomics, and high-throughput sequencing methodology that will enable unprecedented profiling of high-resolution stress recovery time series experiments and sampling of large natural populations.
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152
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Tomková-Drábková L, Psota V, Sachambula L, Leišová-Svobodová L, Mikyška A, Kučera L. Changes in polyphenol compounds and barley laccase expression during the malting process. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:497-504. [PMID: 25639800 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols and phenolic acid are able to slow down or prevent oxidation processes and are therefore thought to have important effects in malting and brewing. Laccase catalyses the oxidation of a wide variety of substrates, including polyphenols. The aim of this paper was to determine the changes in polyphenol compounds and the relative expression of the HvLac1 gene during malting. RESULTS The dominant phenolic acid was ferulic acid. The amount of ferulic acid increased, whereas the amount of vanillic acid decreased during malting. The highest levels of expression of the HvLac1 gene were observed during the third air rest period in varieties with the 'Haruna Nijo' (HN) allele, as recommended for the production of beer with the protected geographical indication (PGI) 'Česke pivo' (Czech beer), whereas the highest expression was observed in the first day of germination in varieties with the 'Morex' (M) allele. However, the profiles of HvLac1 gene expression in varieties with alternative alleles during malting were similar, and the level of polyphenol compounds throughout malting was different. CONCLUSION The polyphenol contents in barley increased several-fold during malting, and the degree of increase differed with variety. The expression of HvLac1 transcript was similar in every barley variety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vratislav Psota
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, PLC (RIBM), 12044 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Sachambula
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, PLC (RIBM), 12044 Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alexandr Mikyška
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, PLC (RIBM), 12044 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kučera
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Praha 6, Ruzyně, Czech Republic
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153
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Van Overtveldt M, Heugebaert TSA, Verstraeten I, Geelen D, Stevens CV. Phosphonamide pyrabactin analogues as abscisic acid agonists. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:5260-4. [PMID: 25811608 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A four step synthesis towards novel phosphonic pyrabactin analogues is presented. Via a stomatal closure and germination assay, the ability of the analogues to selectively induce the ABA-signaling pathway was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Van Overtveldt
- SynBioC Research Group, Department of Sustainable Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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154
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Skubacz A, Daszkowska-Golec A, Szarejko I. The Role and Regulation of ABI5 (ABA-Insensitive 5) in Plant Development, Abiotic Stress Responses and Phytohormone Crosstalk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1884. [PMID: 28018412 PMCID: PMC5159420 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
ABA Insensitive 5 (ABI5) is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that plays a key role in the regulation of seed germination and early seedling growth in the presence of ABA and abiotic stresses. ABI5 functions in the core ABA signaling, which is composed of PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors, PP2C phosphatases and SnRK2 kinases, through the regulation of the expression of genes that contain the ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT (ABRE) motif within their promoter region. The regulated targets include stress adaptation genes, e.g., LEA proteins. However, the expression and activation of ABI5 is not only dependent on the core ABA signaling. Many transcription factors such as ABI3, ABI4, MYB7 and WRKYs play either a positive or a negative role in the regulation of ABI5 expression. Additionally, the stability and activity of ABI5 are also regulated by other proteins through post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation and S-nitrosylation. Moreover, ABI5 also acts as an ABA and other phytohormone signaling integrator. Components of auxin, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, jasmonate and brassinosteroid signaling and metabolism pathways were shown to take part in ABI5 regulation and/or to be regulated by ABI5. Monocot orthologs of AtABI5 have been identified. Although their roles in the molecular and physiological adaptations during abiotic stress have been elucidated, knowledge about their detailed action still remains elusive. Here, we describe the recent advances in understanding the action of ABI5 in early developmental processes and the adaptation of plants to unfavorable environmental conditions. We also focus on ABI5 relation to other phytohormones in the abiotic stress response of plants.
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155
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Bac-Molenaar JA, Granier C, Keurentjes JJB, Vreugdenhil D. Genome-wide association mapping of time-dependent growth responses to moderate drought stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:88-102. [PMID: 26138664 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Large areas of arable land are often confronted with irregular rainfall resulting in limited water availability for part(s) of the growing seasons, which demands research for drought tolerance of plants. Natural variation was observed for biomass accumulation upon controlled moderate drought stress in 324 natural accessions of Arabidopsis. Improved performance under drought stress was correlated with early flowering and lack of vernalization requirement, indicating overlap in the regulatory networks of flowering time and drought response or correlated responses of these traits to natural selection. In addition, plant size was negatively correlated with relative water content (RWC) independent of the absolute water content (WC), indicating a prominent role for soluble compounds. Growth in control and drought conditions was determined over time and was modelled by an exponential function. Genome-wide association (GWA) mapping of temporal plant size data and of model parameters resulted in the detection of six time-dependent quantitative trait loci (QTLs) strongly associated with drought. Most QTLs would not have been identified if plant size was determined at a single time point. Analysis of earlier reported gene expression changes upon drought enabled us to identify for each QTL the most likely candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Granier
- Laboratoire d'Ecop0068ysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, UMR 759, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie, Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, Cedex 1, France
| | | | - Dick Vreugdenhil
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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156
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157
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Du H, Chang Y, Huang F, Xiong L. GID1 modulates stomatal response and submergence tolerance involving abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling in rice. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:954-968. [PMID: 25418692 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to abiotic stresses are coordinated by arrays of growth and developmental programs. Gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) play critical roles in the developmental programs and environmental responses, respectively, through complex signaling and metabolism networks. However, crosstalk between the two phytohormones in stress responses remains largely unknown. In this study, we report that GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF 1 (GID1), a soluble receptor for GA, regulates stomatal development and patterning in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The gid1 mutant showed impaired biosynthesis of endogenous ABA under drought stress conditions, but it exhibited enhanced sensitivity to exogenous ABA. Scanning electron microscope and infrared thermal image analysis indicated an increase in the stomatal conductance in the gid1 mutant under drought conditions. Interestingly, the gid1 mutant had increased levels of chlorophyll and carbohydrates under submergence conditions, and showed enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability and submergence tolerance compared with the wild-type. Further analyses suggested that the function of GID1 in submergence responses is partially dependent on ABA, and GA signaling by GID1 is involved in submergence tolerance by modulating carbohydrate consumption. Taken together, these findings suggest GID1 plays distinct roles in stomatal response and submergence tolerance through both the ABA and GA signaling pathways in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fei Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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158
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Centomani I, Sgobba A, D'Addabbo P, Dipierro N, Paradiso A, De Gara L, Dipierro S, Viggiano L, de Pinto MC. Involvement of DNA methylation in the control of cell growth during heat stress in tobacco BY-2 cells. PROTOPLASMA 2015; 252:1451-9. [PMID: 25712591 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The alteration of growth patterns, through the adjustment of cell division and expansion, is a characteristic response of plants to environmental stress. In order to study this response in more depth, the effect of heat stress on growth was investigated in tobacco BY-2 cells. The results indicate that heat stress inhibited cell division, by slowing cell cycle progression. Cells were stopped in the pre-mitotic phases, as shown by the increased expression of CycD3-1 and by the decrease in the NtCycA13, NtCyc29 and CDKB1-1 transcripts. The decrease in cell length and the reduced expression of Nt-EXPA5 indicated that cell expansion was also inhibited. Since DNA methylation plays a key role in controlling gene expression, the possibility that the altered expression of genes involved in the control of cell growth, observed during heat stress, could be due to changes in the methylation state of their promoters was investigated. The results show that the altered expression of CycD3-1 and Nt-EXPA5 was consistent with changes in the methylation state of the upstream region of these genes. These results suggest that DNA methylation, controlling the expression of genes involved in plant development, contributes to growth alteration occurring in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Centomani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sgobba
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro D'Addabbo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Dipierro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Paradiso
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Centro Integrato di Ricerca, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via A. del Portillo 21, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvio Dipierro
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Viggiano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta de Pinto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via G. Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy.
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159
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Öney S, Tabur S, Tuna M. Cytogenetic and molecular responses of ammonium sulphate application for tolerance to extreme temperatures in Vicia faba L. CYTOL GENET+ 2015. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452715050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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160
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Niederbacher B, Winkler JB, Schnitzler JP. Volatile organic compounds as non-invasive markers for plant phenotyping. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:5403-16. [PMID: 25969554 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants emit a great variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can actively participate in plant growth and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. VOC emissions are strongly dependent on environmental conditions; the greatest ambiguity is whether or not the predicted change in climate will influence and modify plant-pest interactions that are mediated by VOCs. The constitutive and induced emission patterns between plant genotypes, species, and taxa are highly variable and can be used as pheno(chemo)typic markers to distinguish between different origins and provenances. In recent years significant progress has been made in molecular and genetic plant breeding. However, there is actually a lack of knowledge in functionally linking genotypes and phenotypes, particularly in analyses of plant-environment interactions. Plant phenotyping, the assessment of complex plant traits such as growth, development, tolerance, resistance, etc., has become a major bottleneck, and quantitative information on genotype-environment relationships is the key to addressing major future challenges. With increasing demand to support and accelerate progress in breeding for novel traits, the plant research community faces the need to measure accurately increasingly large numbers of plants and plant traits. In this review article, we focus on the promising outlook of VOC phenotyping as a fast and non-invasive measure of phenotypic dynamics. The basic principle is to define plant phenotypes according to their disease resistance and stress tolerance, which in turn will help in improving the performance and yield of economically relevant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Niederbacher
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J B Winkler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J P Schnitzler
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
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161
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Plant MYB Transcription Factors: Their Role in Drought Response Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15811-51. [PMID: 26184177 PMCID: PMC4519927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the major causes of poor plant performance and limited crop yields worldwide and it is the single most common cause of severe food shortage in developing countries. Several molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction and stress responses in plants have been elucidated so far. Transcription factors are major players in water stress signaling. In recent years, different MYB transcription factors, mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. but also in some crops, have been characterized for their involvement in drought response. For some of them there is evidence supporting a specific role in response to water stress, such as the regulation of stomatal movement, the control of suberin and cuticular waxes synthesis and the regulation of flower development. Moreover, some of these genes have also been characterized for their involvement in other abiotic or biotic stresses, an important feature considering that in nature, plants are often simultaneously subjected to multiple rather than single environmental perturbations. This review summarizes recent studies highlighting the role of the MYB family of transcription factors in the adaptive responses to drought stress. The practical application value of MYBs in crop improvement, such as stress tolerance engineering, is also discussed.
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162
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Chiang MH, Shen HL, Cheng WH. Genetic analyses of the interaction between abscisic acid and gibberellins in the control of leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 236:260-271. [PMID: 26025539 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs) play pivotal roles in many physiological processes in plants, their interaction in the control of leaf growth remains elusive. In this study, genetic analyses of ABA and GA interplay in leaf growth were performed in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results indicate that for the ABA and GA interaction, leaf growth of both the aba2/ga20ox1 and aba2/GA20ox1 plants, which were derived from the crosses of aba2×ga20ox1 and aba2×GA20ox1 overexpressor, respectively, exhibits partially additive effects but is similar to the aba2 mutant. Consistently, the transcriptome analysis suggests that a substantial proportion (45-65%) of the gene expression profile of aba2/ga20ox1 and aba2/GA20ox1 plants overlap and share a pattern similar to the aba2 mutant. Thus, these data suggest that ABA deficiency dominates leaf growth regardless of GA levels. Moreover, the gene ontology (GO) analysis indicates gene enrichment in the categories of hormone response, developmental and metabolic processes, and cell wall organization in these three genotypes. Leaf developmental genes are also involved in the ABA-GA interaction. Collectively, these data support that the genetic relationship of ABA and GA interaction involves multiple coordinated pathways rather than a simple linear pathway for the regulation of leaf growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hau Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Ling Shen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsing Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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163
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Aneja B, Yadav NR, Kumar N, Yadav RC. Hsp transcript induction is correlated with physiological changes under drought stress in Indian mustard. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:305-16. [PMID: 26261395 PMCID: PMC4524871 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Brassica juncea is an important oilseed crop and drought stress is major abiotic stress that limits its growth and productivity. RH0116 (drought tolerant) and RH8812 (drought sensitive) genotypes were undertaken to study some of the physiological parameters and hsp gene expression related to stress tolerance under drought stress conditions. Differential response in terms of seed germination, electrolyte leakage, RWC, osmotic potential was observed in the selected genotypes. In vitro seed germination studies using PEG stress treatments indicated reduced seed germination with increasing levels of stress treatment. Electrolyte leakage increased, whereas, relative water content and osmotic potential decreased in stressed seedlings. Expression of hsp gene was found to be upregulated during drought stress as the transcripts were present only in the stressed plants and disappeared upon rehydration. The drought tolerant variety showed higher transcript accumulation as compared to the sensitive variety. The study showed that drought induced changes in gene expression in two contrasting genotypes were consistent with the physiological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Aneja
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004 India
| | - Neelam R. Yadav
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004 India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- />Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004 India
| | - Ram C. Yadav
- />Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004 India
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164
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Avramova Z. Transcriptional 'memory' of a stress: transient chromatin and memory (epigenetic) marks at stress-response genes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 83:149-59. [PMID: 25788029 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought, salinity, extreme temperature variations, pathogen and herbivory attacks are recurring environmental stresses experienced by plants throughout their life. To survive repeated stresses, plants provide responses that may be different from their response during the first encounter with the stress. A different response to a similar stress represents the concept of 'stress memory'. A coordinated reaction at the organismal, cellular and gene/genome levels is thought to increase survival chances by improving the plant's tolerance/avoidance abilities. Ultimately, stress memory may provide a mechanism for acclimation and adaptation. At the molecular level, the concept of stress memory indicates that the mechanisms responsible for memory-type transcription during repeated stresses are not based on repetitive activation of the same response pathways activated by the first stress. Some recent advances in the search for transcription 'memory factors' are discussed with an emphasis on super-induced dehydration stress memory response genes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Avramova
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
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165
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Papdi C, Pérez-Salamó I, Joseph MP, Giuntoli B, Bögre L, Koncz C, Szabados L. The low oxygen, oxidative and osmotic stress responses synergistically act through the ethylene response factor VII genes RAP2.12, RAP2.2 and RAP2.3. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:772-84. [PMID: 25847219 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ethylene response factor VII (ERF-VII) transcription factor RELATED TO APETALA2.12 (RAP2.12) was previously identified as an activator of the ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE1 promoter::luciferase (ADH1-LUC) reporter gene. Here we show that overexpression of RAP2.12 and its homologues RAP2.2 and RAP2.3 sustains ABA-mediated activation of ADH1 and activates hypoxia marker genes under both anoxic and normoxic conditions. Inducible expression of all three RAP2s conferred tolerance to anoxia, oxidative and osmotic stresses, and enhanced the sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). Consistently, the rap2.12-2 rap2.3-1 double mutant showed hypersensitivity to both submergence and osmotic stress. These findings suggest that the three ERF-VII-type transcription factors play roles in tolerance to multiple stresses that sequentially occur during and after submergence in Arabidopsis. Oxygen-dependent degradation of RAP2.12 was previously shown to be mediated by the N-end rule pathway. During submergence the RAP2.12, RAP2.2 and RAP2.3 are stabilized and accumulates in the nucleus affecting the transcription of stress response genes. We conclude that the stabilized RAP2 transcription factors can prolong the ABA-mediated activation of a subset of osmotic responsive genes (e.g. ADH1). We also show that RAP2.12 protein level is affected by the REALLY INTERESTING GENE (RING) domain containing SEVEN IN ABSENTIA of Arabidopsis thaliana 2 (SINAT2). Silencing of SINAT1/2 genes leads to enhanced RAP2.12 abundance independently of the presence or absence of its N-terminal degron. Taken together, our results suggest that RAP2.12 and its homologues RAP2.2 and RAP2.3 act redundantly in multiple stress responses. Alternative protein degradation pathways may provide inputs to the RAP2 transcription factors for the distinct stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Papdi
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Imma Pérez-Salamó
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Mary Prathiba Joseph
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Beatrice Giuntoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - László Bögre
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham Hill, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Csaba Koncz
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
- Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl von Linne weg 10., 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - László Szabados
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Temesvári krt. 62., H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
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166
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Fahad S, Hussain S, Bano A, Saud S, Hassan S, Shan D, Khan FA, Khan F, Chen Y, Wu C, Tabassum MA, Chun MX, Afzal M, Jan A, Jan MT, Huang J. Potential role of phytohormones and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in abiotic stresses: consequences for changing environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:4907-21. [PMID: 25369916 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants are sessile beings, so the need of mechanisms to flee from unfavorable circumstances has provided the development of unique and sophisticated responses to environmental stresses. Depending on the degree of plasticity, many morphological, cellular, anatomical, and physiological changes occur in plants in response to abiotic stress. Phytohormones are small molecules that play critical roles in regulating plant growth and development, as well as stress tolerance to promote survival and acclimatize to varying environments. To congregate the challenges of salinity, temperature extremes, and osmotic stress, plants use their genetic mechanism and different adaptive and biological approaches for survival and high production. In the present attempt, we review the potential role of different phytohormones and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in abiotic stresses and summarize the research progress in plant responses to abiotic stresses at physiological and molecular levels. We emphasized the regulatory circuits of abscisic acid, indole acetic acid, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, ethylene, and triazole on exposure to abiotic stresses. Current progress is exemplified by the identification and validation of several significant genes that enhanced crop tolerance to stress in the field. These findings will make the modification of hormone biosynthetic pathways for the transgenic plant generation with augmented abiotic stress tolerance and boosting crop productivity in the coming decades possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Fahad
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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167
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Griesser M, Weingart G, Schoedl-Hummel K, Neumann N, Becker M, Varmuza K, Liebner F, Schuhmacher R, Forneck A. Severe drought stress is affecting selected primary metabolites, polyphenols, and volatile metabolites in grapevine leaves (Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 88:17-26. [PMID: 25602440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme weather conditions with prolonged dry periods and high temperatures as well as heavy rain events can severely influence grapevine physiology and grape quality. The present study evaluates the effects of severe drought stress on selected primary metabolites, polyphenols and volatile metabolites in grapevine leaves. Among the 11 primary metabolites, 13 polyphenols and 95 volatiles which were analyzed, a significant discrimination between control and stressed plants of 7 primary metabolites, 11 polyphenols and 46 volatile metabolites was observed. As single parameters are usually not specific enough for the discrimination of control and stressed plants, an unsupervised (PCA) and a supervised (PLS-DA) multivariate approach were applied to combine results from different metabolic groups. In a first step a selection of five metabolites, namely citric acid, glyceric acid, ribose, phenylacetaldehyde and 2-methylbutanal were used to establish a calibration model using PLS regression to predict the leaf water potential. The model was strong enough to assign a high number of plants correctly with a correlation of 0.83. The PLS-DA provides an interesting approach to combine data sets and to provide tools for the specific evaluation of physiological plant stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Griesser
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
| | - Georg Weingart
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Katharina Schoedl-Hummel
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Nora Neumann
- Center for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Manuel Becker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Kurt Varmuza
- Departement of Statistics and Probability Theory, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Falk Liebner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rainer Schuhmacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Astrid Forneck
- Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Konrad Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria
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168
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Scholes DR, Paige KN. Plasticity in ploidy: a generalized response to stress. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 20:165-175. [PMID: 25534217 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Endoreduplication, the replication of the genome without mitosis, leads to an increase in the cellular ploidy of an organism over its lifetime, a condition termed 'endopolyploidy'. Endopolyploidy is thought to play significant roles in physiology and development through cellular, metabolic, and genetic effects. While the occurrence of endopolyploidy has been observed widely across taxa, studies have only recently begun to characterize and manipulate endopolyploidy with a focus on its ecological and evolutionary importance. No compilation of these examples implicating endoreduplication as a generalized response to stress has thus far been made, despite the growing evidence supporting this notion. We review here the recent literature of stress-induced endopolyploidy and suggest that plants employ endoreduplication as an adaptive, plastic response to mitigate the effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Scholes
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Ken N Paige
- School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 515 Morrill Hall, 505 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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169
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Bizet F, Hummel I, Bogeat-Triboulot MB. Length and activity of the root apical meristem revealed in vivo by infrared imaging. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1387-95. [PMID: 25540436 PMCID: PMC4339598 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how cell division and cell elongation influence organ growth and development is a long-standing issue in plant biology. In plant roots, most of the cell divisions occur in a short and specialized region, the root apical meristem (RAM). Although RAM activity has been suggested to be of high importance to understand how roots grow and how the cell cycle is regulated, few experimental and numeric data are currently available. The characterization of the RAM is difficult and essentially based upon cell length measurements through destructive and time-consuming microscopy approaches. Here, a new non-invasive method is described that couples infrared light imaging and kinematic analyses and that allows in vivo measurements of the RAM length. This study provides a detailed description of the RAM activity, especially in terms of cell flux and cell division rate. We focused on roots of hydroponic grown poplars and confirmed our method on maize roots. How the RAM affects root growth rate is studied by taking advantage of the high inter-individual variability of poplar root growth. An osmotic stress was applied and did not significantly affect the RAM length, highlighting its homeostasis in short to middle-term responses. The methodology described here simplifies a lot experimental procedures, allows an increase in the number of individuals that can be taken into account in experiments, and means new experiments can be formulated that allow temporal monitoring of the RAM length.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bizet
- INRA, UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, F-25420 Champenoux, France Université de Lorraine, UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Irène Hummel
- INRA, UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, F-25420 Champenoux, France Université de Lorraine, UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Marie-Béatrice Bogeat-Triboulot
- INRA, UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, F-25420 Champenoux, France Université de Lorraine, UMR Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre, France
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170
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Fanourakis D, Giday H, Milla R, Pieruschka R, Kjaer KH, Bolger M, Vasilevski A, Nunes-Nesi A, Fiorani F, Ottosen CO. Pore size regulates operating stomatal conductance, while stomatal densities drive the partitioning of conductance between leaf sides. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:555-65. [PMID: 25538116 PMCID: PMC4343285 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf gas exchange is influenced by stomatal size, density, distribution between the leaf adaxial and abaxial sides, as well as by pore dimensions. This study aims to quantify which of these traits mainly underlie genetic differences in operating stomatal conductance (gs) and addresses possible links between anatomical traits and regulation of pore width. METHODS Stomatal responsiveness to desiccation, gs-related anatomical traits of each leaf side and estimated gs (based on these traits) were determined for 54 introgression lines (ILs) generated by introgressing segments of Solanum pennelli into the S. lycopersicum 'M82'. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for stomatal traits was also performed. KEY RESULTS A wide genetic variation in stomatal responsiveness to desiccation was observed, a large part of which was explained by stomatal length. Operating gs ranged over a factor of five between ILs. The pore area per stomatal area varied 8-fold among ILs (2-16 %), and was the main determinant of differences in operating gs between ILs. Operating gs was primarily positioned on the abaxial surface (60-83 %), due to higher abaxial stomatal density and, secondarily, to larger abaxial pore area. An analysis revealed 64 QTLs for stomatal traits in the ILs, most of which were in the direction of S. pennellii. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that operating and maximum gs of non-stressed leaves maintained under stable conditions deviate considerably (by 45-91 %), because stomatal size inadequately reflects operating pore area (R(2) = 0·46). Furthermore, it was found that variation between ILs in both stomatal sensitivity to desiccation and operating gs is associated with features of individual stoma. In contrast, genotypic variation in gs partitioning depends on the distribution of stomata between the leaf adaxial and abaxial epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Fanourakis
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Habtamu Giday
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Rubén Milla
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Roland Pieruschka
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Katrine H Kjaer
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marie Bolger
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Aleksandar Vasilevski
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabio Fiorani
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Carl-Otto Ottosen
- IBG-2: Plant Sciences, Institute for Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, Aarhus University, Department of Food Science, Kirstinebjergvej 10, DK-5792 Årslev, Denmark, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, c/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles 28933, Spain, Institute for Biology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany and Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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171
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Rhizopoulou S, Pantazi H. Constraints on floral water status of successively blossoming Mediterranean plants under natural conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/12538078.2014.991753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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172
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Seaver SMD, Bradbury LMT, Frelin O, Zarecki R, Ruppin E, Hanson AD, Henry CS. Improved evidence-based genome-scale metabolic models for maize leaf, embryo, and endosperm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:142. [PMID: 25806041 PMCID: PMC4354304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand for genome-scale metabolic reconstructions for plants, fueled by the need to understand the metabolic basis of crop yield and by progress in genome and transcriptome sequencing. Methods are also required to enable the interpretation of plant transcriptome data to study how cellular metabolic activity varies under different growth conditions or even within different organs, tissues, and developmental stages. Such methods depend extensively on the accuracy with which genes have been mapped to the biochemical reactions in the plant metabolic pathways. Errors in these mappings lead to metabolic reconstructions with an inflated number of reactions and possible generation of unreliable metabolic phenotype predictions. Here we introduce a new evidence-based genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of maize, with significant improvements in the quality of the gene-reaction associations included within our model. We also present a new approach for applying our model to predict active metabolic genes based on transcriptome data. This method includes a minimal set of reactions associated with low expression genes to enable activity of a maximum number of reactions associated with high expression genes. We apply this method to construct an organ-specific model for the maize leaf, and tissue specific models for maize embryo and endosperm cells. We validate our models using fluxomics data for the endosperm and embryo, demonstrating an improved capacity of our models to fit the available fluxomics data. All models are publicly available via the DOE Systems Biology Knowledgebase and PlantSEED, and our new method is generally applicable for analysis transcript profiles from any plant, paving the way for further in silico studies with a wide variety of plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel M. D. Seaver
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL, USA
- Computation Institute, The University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis M. T. Bradbury
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, York College, City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
| | - Océane Frelin
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raphy Zarecki
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew D. Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of FloridaGainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher S. Henry
- Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL, USA
- Computation Institute, The University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
- *Correspondence: Christopher S. Henry, Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
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173
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Meng JF, Xu TF, Wang ZZ, Fang YL, Xi ZM, Zhang ZW. The ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin on grape cuttings under water-deficient stress: antioxidant metabolites, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast morphology. J Pineal Res 2014; 57:200-12. [PMID: 25039750 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are an important economic crop and are widely cultivated around the world. Most grapes are grown in arid or semi-arid regions, and droughts take a heavy toll in grape and wine production areas. Developing effective drought-resistant cultivation measures is a priority for viticulture. Melatonin, an indoleamine, mediates many physiological processes in plants. Herein, we examined whether exogenously applied melatonin could improve the resistance of wine grape seedlings grown from cuttings to polyethylene glycol-induced water-deficient stress. The application of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) markedly inhibited the growth of cuttings, caused oxidative stress and damage from H2 O2 and O2∙-, and reduced the potential efficiency of Photosystem II and the amount of chlorophyll. Application of melatonin partially alleviated the oxidative injury to cuttings, slowed the decline in the potential efficiency of Photosystem II, and limited the effects on leaf thickness, spongy tissue, and stoma size after application of PEG. Melatonin treatment also helped preserve the internal lamellar system of chloroplasts and alleviated the ultrastructural damage induced by drought stress. This ameliorating effect may be ascribed to the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes, increased levels of nonenzymatic antioxidants, and increased amount of osmoprotectants (free proline). We conclude that the application of melatonin to wine grapes is effective in reducing drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Fei Meng
- College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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174
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Gago J, Douthe C, Florez-Sarasa I, Escalona JM, Galmes J, Fernie AR, Flexas J, Medrano H. Opportunities for improving leaf water use efficiency under climate change conditions. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 226:108-19. [PMID: 25113456 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
WUEi (intrinsic water use efficiency) is a complex (multi)-trait, that depends on several physiological processes, driving plant productivity and its relation with a changing environment. Climatic change predictions estimate increases in temperature and drought in the semi-arid regions, rendering improved water use efficiency is a mandatory objective to maintain the current global food supply. The aims of this review were (i) to identify through a meta-analysis the leaf traits mostly related to intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi, the ratio between A - net photosynthesis and gs - stomatal conductance), based on a newly compiled dataset covering more than 200 species/varieties and 106 genus of C3 plants (ii) to describe the main potential targets for WUEi improvement via biotechnological manipulations and (iii) to introduce emergent and innovative technologies including UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) to scale up levels from leaf to whole plant water status. We confirmed that increases in gm/gs and Vcmax/gs ratios are systematically related with increases in WUEi maintained across species, habitats, and environmental conditions. Other emergent opportunities to improve WUEi are described such as the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration and their link with metabolomics. Finally, we outline our hypothesis that we are observing the advent of a "smart" agriculture, wherein new technologies, such as UAVs equipped with remote sensors will rapidly facilitate an efficient water use regulating the irrigation schedule and determination, under field conditions, of cultivars with improved water use efficiency. We, therefore, conclude that the multi-disciplinary challenge toward WUE has only just begun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gago
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Cyril Douthe
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Jose M Escalona
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Jeroni Galmes
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Hipolito Medrano
- Research Group on Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain
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Colebrook EH, Thomas SG, Phillips AL, Hedden P. The role of gibberellin signalling in plant responses to abiotic stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:67-75. [PMID: 24353205 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.089938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 427] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Plant hormones are small molecules that regulate plant growth and development, as well as responses to changing environmental conditions. By modifying the production, distribution or signal transduction of these hormones, plants are able to regulate and coordinate both growth and/or stress tolerance to promote survival or escape from environmental stress. A central role for the gibberellin (GA) class of growth hormones in the response to abiotic stress is becoming increasingly evident. Reduction of GA levels and signalling has been shown to contribute to plant growth restriction on exposure to several stresses, including cold, salt and osmotic stress. Conversely, increased GA biosynthesis and signalling promote growth in plant escape responses to shading and submergence. In several cases, GA signalling has also been linked to stress tolerance. The transcriptional regulation of GA metabolism appears to be a major point of regulation of the GA pathway, while emerging evidence for interaction of the GA-signalling molecule DELLA with components of the signalling pathway for the stress hormone jasmonic acid suggests additional mechanisms by which GA signalling may integrate multiple hormone signalling pathways in the response to stress. Here, we review the evidence for the role of GA in these processes, and the regulation of the GA signalling pathway on exposure to abiotic stress. The potential mechanisms by which GA signalling modulates stress tolerance are also discussed.
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176
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Habben JE, Bao X, Bate NJ, DeBruin JL, Dolan D, Hasegawa D, Helentjaris TG, Lafitte RH, Lovan N, Mo H, Reimann K, Schussler JR. Transgenic alteration of ethylene biosynthesis increases grain yield in maize under field drought-stress conditions. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 12:685-93. [PMID: 24618117 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A transgenic gene-silencing approach was used to modulate the levels of ethylene biosynthesis in maize (Zea mays L.) and determine its effect on grain yield under drought stress in a comprehensive set of field trials. Commercially relevant transgenic events were created with down-regulated ACC synthases (ACSs), enzymes that catalyse the rate-limiting step in ethylene biosynthesis. These events had ethylene emission levels reduced approximately 50% compared with nontransgenic nulls. Multiple, independent transgenic hybrids and controls were tested in field trials at managed drought-stress and rain-fed locations throughout the US. Analysis of yield data indicated that transgenic events had significantly increased grain yield over the null comparators, with the best event having a 0.58 Mg/ha (9.3 bushel/acre) increase after a flowering period drought stress. A (genotype × transgene) × environment interaction existed among the events, highlighting the need to better understand the context in which the down-regulation of ACSs functions in maize. Analysis of secondary traits showed that there was a consistent decrease in the anthesis-silking interval and a concomitant increase in kernel number/ear in transgene-positive events versus nulls. Selected events were also field tested under a low-nitrogen treatment, and the best event was found to have a significant 0.44 Mg/ha (7.1 bushel/acre) yield increase. This set of extensive field evaluations demonstrated that down-regulating the ethylene biosynthetic pathway can improve the grain yield of maize under abiotic stress conditions.
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177
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Töpfer N, Scossa F, Fernie A, Nikoloski Z. Variability of metabolite levels is linked to differential metabolic pathways in Arabidopsis's responses to abiotic stresses. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003656. [PMID: 24946036 PMCID: PMC4063599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Constraint-based approaches have been used for integrating data in large-scale metabolic networks to obtain insights into metabolism of various organisms. Due to the underlying steady-state assumption, these approaches are usually not suited for making predictions about metabolite levels. Here, we ask whether we can make inferences about the variability of metabolite levels from a constraint-based analysis based on the integration of transcriptomics data. To this end, we analyze time-resolved transcriptomics and metabolomics data from Arabidopsis thaliana under a set of eight different light and temperature conditions. In a previous study, the gene expression data have already been integrated in a genome-scale metabolic network to predict pathways, termed modulators and sustainers, which are differentially regulated with respect to a biochemically meaningful data-driven null model. Here, we present a follow-up analysis which bridges the gap between flux- and metabolite-centric methods. One of our main findings demonstrates that under certain environmental conditions, the levels of metabolites acting as substrates in modulators or sustainers show significantly lower temporal variations with respect to the remaining measured metabolites. This observation is discussed within the context of a systems-view of plasticity and robustness of metabolite contents and pathway fluxes. Our study paves the way for investigating the existence of similar principles in other species for which both genome-scale networks and high-throughput metabolomics data of high quality are becoming increasingly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Töpfer
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Federico Scossa
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura, Centro di ricerca per l'Orticoltura, Pontecagnano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- * E-mail:
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178
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Han SK, Wagner D. Role of chromatin in water stress responses in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2785-99. [PMID: 24302754 PMCID: PMC4110454 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to environmental stresses throughout their life. They have developed survival strategies such as developmental and morphological adaptations, as well as physiological responses, to protect themselves from adverse environments. In addition, stress sensing triggers large-scale transcriptional reprogramming directed at minimizing the deleterious effect of water stress on plant cells. Here, we review recent findings that reveal a role of chromatin in water stress responses. In addition, we discuss data in support of the idea that chromatin remodelling and modifying enzymes may be direct targets of stress signalling pathways. Modulation of chromatin regulator activity by these signaling pathways may be critical in minimizing potential trade-offs between growth and stress responses. Alterations in the chromatin organization and/or in the activity of chromatin remodelling and modifying enzymes may furthermore contribute to stress memory. Mechanistic insight into these phenomena derived from studies in model plant systems should allow future engineering of broadly drought-tolerant crop plants that do not incur unnecessary losses in yield or growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Ki Han
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Doris Wagner
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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179
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Fasano R, Gonzalez N, Tosco A, Dal Piaz F, Docimo T, Serrano R, Grillo S, Leone A, Inzé D. Role of Arabidopsis UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 in plant growth reduction under osmotic stress and low levels of UV-B. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:773-91. [PMID: 24413416 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In high-light environments, plants are exposed to different types of stresses, such as an excess of UV-B, but also drought stress which triggers a common morphogenic adaptive response resulting in a general reduction of plant growth. Here, we report that the Arabidopsis thaliana UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) gene, a known regulator of the UV-B morphogenic response, was able to complement a Saccharomyces cerevisiae osmo-sensitive mutant and its expression was induced after osmotic or salt stress in Arabidopsis plants. Under low levels of UV-B, plants overexpressing UVR8 are dwarfed with a reduced root development and accumulate more flavonoids compared to control plants. The growth defects are mainly due to the inhibition of cell expansion. The growth inhibition triggered by UVR8 overexpression in plants under low levels of UV-B was exacerbated by mannitol-induced osmotic stress, but it was not significantly affected by ionic stress. In contrast, uvr8-6 mutant plants do not differ from wild-type plants under standard conditions, but they show an increased shoot growth under high-salt stress. Our data suggest that UVR8-mediated accumulation of flavonoid and possibly changes in auxin homeostasis are the underlying mechanism of the observed growth phenotypes and that UVR8 might have an important role for integrating plant growth and stress signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Fasano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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180
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Cha-um S, Somsueb S, Samphumphuang T, Kirdmanee C. Screening of Eight Eucalypt Genotypes (Eucalyptus sp.) for Water Deficit Tolerance Using Multivariate Cluster Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:753-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0888-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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181
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Ramadan A, Sabir JSM, Alakilli SYM, Shokry AM, Gadalla NO, Edris S, Al-Kordy MA, Al-Zahrani HS, El-Domyati FM, Bahieldin A, Baker NR, Willmitzer L, Irgang S. Metabolomic response of Calotropis procera growing in the desert to changes in water availability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87895. [PMID: 24520340 PMCID: PMC3919747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Water availability is a major limitation for agricultural productivity. Plants growing in severe arid climates such as deserts provide tools for studying plant growth and performance under extreme drought conditions. The perennial species Calotropis procera used in this study is a shrub growing in many arid areas which has an exceptional ability to adapt and be productive in severe arid conditions. We describe the results of studying the metabolomic response of wild C procera plants growing in the desert to a one time water supply. Leaves of C. procera plants were taken at three time points before and 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after watering and subjected to a metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. Analysis of the data reveals that within one hour after watering C. procera has already responded on the metabolic level to the sudden water availability as evidenced by major changes such as increased levels of most amino acids, a decrease in sucrose, raffinose and maltitol, a decrease in storage lipids (triacylglycerols) and an increase in membrane lipids including photosynthetic membranes. These changes still prevail at the 6 hour time point after watering however 12 hours after watering the metabolomics data are essentially indistinguishable from the prewatering state thus demonstrating not only a rapid response to water availability but also a rapid response to loss of water. Taken together these data suggest that the ability of C. procera to survive under the very harsh drought conditions prevailing in the desert might be associated with its rapid adjustments to water availability and losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ramadan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Jamal S. M. Sabir
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleha Y. M. Alakilli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Shokry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nour O. Gadalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Sherif Edris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Magdy A. Al-Kordy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Genetics and Cytology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fotouh M. El-Domyati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Bahieldin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neil R. Baker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Susann Irgang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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182
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Chen X, Chen Z, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Cheng B, Xiang Y. Genome-wide analysis of soybean HD-Zip gene family and expression profiling under salinity and drought treatments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87156. [PMID: 24498296 PMCID: PMC3911943 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins, a group of homeobox transcription factors, participate in various aspects of normal plant growth and developmental processes as well as environmental responses. To date, no overall analysis or expression profiling of the HD-Zip gene family in soybean (Glycine max) has been reported. METHODS AND FINDINGS An investigation of the soybean genome revealed 88 putative HD-Zip genes. These genes were classified into four subfamilies, I to IV, based on phylogenetic analysis. In each subfamily, the constituent parts of gene structure and motif were relatively conserved. A total of 87 out of 88 genes were distributed unequally on 20 chromosomes with 36 segmental duplication events, indicating that segmental duplication is important for the expansion of the HD-Zip family. Analysis of the Ka/Ks ratios showed that the duplicated genes of the HD-Zip family basically underwent purifying selection with restrictive functional divergence after the duplication events. Analysis of expression profiles showed that 80 genes differentially expressed across 14 tissues, and 59 HD-Zip genes are differentially expressed under salinity and drought stress, with 20 paralogous pairs showing nearly identical expression patterns and three paralogous pairs diversifying significantly under drought stress. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of six paralogous pairs of 12 selected soybean HD-Zip genes under both drought and salinity stress confirmed their stress-inducible expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a thorough overview of the soybean HD-Zip gene family and provides a new perspective on the evolution of this gene family. The results indicate that HD-Zip family genes may be involved in many plant responses to stress conditions. Additionally, this study provides a solid foundation for uncovering the biological roles of HD-Zip genes in soybean growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Hualin Zhao
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| | - Beijiu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Biology of Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Laboratory of Modern Biotechnology, School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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183
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Tenhaken R. Cell wall remodeling under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:771. [PMID: 25709610 PMCID: PMC4285730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants exposed to abiotic stress respond to unfavorable conditions on multiple levels. One challenge under drought stress is to reduce shoot growth while maintaining root growth, a process requiring differential cell wall synthesis and remodeling. Key players in this process are the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxidases, which initially cross-link phenolic compounds and glycoproteins of the cell walls causing stiffening. The function of ROS shifts after having converted all the peroxidase substrates in the cell wall. If ROS-levels remain high during prolonged stress, OH°-radicals are formed which lead to polymer cleavage. In concert with xyloglucan modifying enzymes and expansins, the resulting cell wall loosening allows further growth of stressed organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimund Tenhaken
- *Correspondence: Raimund Tenhaken, Department of Cell Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria e-mail:
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184
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Osakabe Y, Osakabe K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Response of plants to water stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:86. [PMID: 24659993 PMCID: PMC3952189 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Water stress adversely impacts many aspects of the physiology of plants, especially photosynthetic capacity. If the stress is prolonged, plant growth, and productivity are severely diminished. Plants have evolved complex physiological and biochemical adaptations to adjust and adapt to a variety of environmental stresses. The molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with water-stress tolerance and water-use efficiency have been extensively studied. The systems that regulate plant adaptation to water stress through a sophisticated regulatory network are the subject of the current review. Molecular mechanisms that plants use to increase stress tolerance, maintain appropriate hormone homeostasis and responses and prevent excess light damage, are also discussed. An understanding of how these systems are regulated and ameliorate the impact of water stress on plant productivity will provide the information needed to improve plant stress tolerance using biotechnology, while maintaining the yield and quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Osakabe
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuriko Osakabe, Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan e-mail: ; Lam-Son P. Tran, Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan e-mail:
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Center for Collaboration among Agriculture, Industry and Commerce, The University of TokushimaTokushima, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsukuba, Japan
| | - Lam-Son P. Tran
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource ScienceYokohoma, Japan
- *Correspondence: Yuriko Osakabe, Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan e-mail: ; Lam-Son P. Tran, Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan e-mail:
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185
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Wingler A. Comparison of signaling interactions determining annual and perennial plant growth in response to low temperature. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:794. [PMID: 25628637 PMCID: PMC4290479 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature inhibits plant growth despite the fact that considerable rates of photosynthetic activity can be maintained. Instead of lower rates of photosynthesis, active inhibition of cell division and expansion is primarily responsible for reduced growth. This results in sink limitation and enables plants to accumulate carbohydrates that act as compatible solutes or are stored throughout the winter to enable re-growth in spring. Regulation of growth in response to temperature therefore requires coordination with carbon metabolism, e.g., via the signaling metabolite trehalose-6-phosphate. The phytohormones gibberellin (GA) and jasmonate (JA) play an important role in regulating growth in response to temperature. Growth restriction at low temperature is mainly mediated by DELLA proteins, whose degradation is promoted by GA. For annual plants, it has been shown that the GA/DELLA pathway interacts with JA signaling and C-repeat binding factor dependent cold acclimation, but these interactions have not been explored in detail for perennials. Growth regulation in response to seasonal factors is, however, particularly important in perennials, especially at high latitudes. In autumn, growth cessation in trees is caused by shortening of the daylength in interaction with phytohormone signaling. In perennial grasses seasonal differences in the sensitivity to GA may enable enhanced growth in spring. This review provides an overview of the signaling interactions that determine plant growth at low temperature and highlights gaps in our knowledge, especially concerning the seasonality of signaling responses in perennial plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Wingler
- *Correspondence: Astrid Wingler, Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK e-mail:
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186
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Bresson J, Varoquaux F, Bontpart T, Touraine B, Vile D. The PGPR strain Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 induces a reproductive delay and physiological changes that result in improved drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 200:558-569. [PMID: 23822616 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how biotic interactions can improve plant tolerance to drought is a challenging prospect for agronomy and ecology. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are promising candidates but the phenotypic changes induced by PGPR under drought remain to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of Phyllobacterium brassicacearum STM196 strain, a PGPR isolated from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape, on two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana with contrasting flowering time. We measured multiple morphophysiological traits related to plant growth and development in order to quantify the added value of the bacteria to drought-response strategies of Arabidopsis in soil conditions. A delay in reproductive development induced by the bacteria resulted in a gain of biomass that was independent of the accession and the watering regime. Coordinated changes in transpiration, ABA content, photosynthesis and development resulted in higher water-use efficiency and a better tolerance to drought of inoculated plants. Our findings give new insights into the ecophysiological bases by which PGPR can confer stress tolerance to plants. Rhizobacteria-induced delay in flowering time could represent a valuable strategy for increasing biomass yield, whereas rhizobacteria-induced improvement of water use is of particular interest in multiple scenarios of water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bresson
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), UMR759, INRA-SupAgro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR113, Université Montpellier 2-IRD-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Varoquaux
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR113, Université Montpellier 2-IRD-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Thibaut Bontpart
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), UMR759, INRA-SupAgro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR113, Université Montpellier 2-IRD-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Touraine
- Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes (LSTM), UMR113, Université Montpellier 2-IRD-CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Vile
- Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux (LEPSE), UMR759, INRA-SupAgro, Montpellier, F-34060, France
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187
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Pathak RK, Taj G, Pandey D, Arora S, Kumar A. Modeling of the MAPK machinery activation in response to various abiotic and biotic stresses in plants by a system biology approach. Bioinformation 2013; 9:443-9. [PMID: 23847397 PMCID: PMC3705613 DOI: 10.6026/97320630009443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) cascade plays an important role in regulating plant growth and development, generating cellular responses to the extracellular stimuli. MAPKs cascade mainly consist of three sub-families i.e. mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), several cascades of which are activated by various abiotic and biotic stresses. In this work we have modeled the holistic molecular mechanisms essential to MAPKs activation in response to several abiotic and biotic stresses through a system biology approach and performed its simulation studies. As extent of abiotic and biotic stresses goes on increasing, the process of cell division, cell growth and cell differentiation slow down in time dependent manner. The models developed depict the combinatorial and multicomponent signaling triggered in response to several abiotic and biotic factors. These models can be used to predict behavior of cells in event of various stresses depending on their time and exposure through activation of complex signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University Of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gohar Taj
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University Of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dinesh Pandey
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University Of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Arora
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University Of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, G.B. Pant University Of
Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar-263145, Uttarakhand, India
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188
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Dubois M, Skirycz A, Claeys H, Maleux K, Dhondt S, De Bodt S, Vanden Bossche R, De Milde L, Yoshizumi T, Matsui M, Inzé D. Ethylene Response Factor6 acts as a central regulator of leaf growth under water-limiting conditions in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 162:319-32. [PMID: 23553636 PMCID: PMC3641212 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.216341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth is a complex developmental process that is continuously fine-tuned by the environment. Various abiotic stresses, including mild drought stress, have been shown to inhibit leaf growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we identify the redundant Arabidopsis transcription factors ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR5 (ERF5) and ERF6 as master regulators that adapt leaf growth to environmental changes. ERF5 and ERF6 gene expression is induced very rapidly and specifically in actively growing leaves after sudden exposure to osmotic stress that mimics mild drought. Subsequently, enhanced ERF6 expression inhibits cell proliferation and leaf growth by a process involving gibberellin and DELLA signaling. Using an ERF6-inducible overexpression line, we demonstrate that the gibberellin-degrading enzyme GIBBERELLIN 2-OXIDASE6 is transcriptionally induced by ERF6 and that, consequently, DELLA proteins are stabilized. As a result, ERF6 gain-of-function lines are dwarfed and hypersensitive to osmotic stress, while the growth of erf5erf6 loss-of-function mutants is less affected by stress. Besides its role in plant growth under stress, ERF6 also activates the expression of a plethora of osmotic stress-responsive genes, including the well-known stress tolerance genes STZ, MYB51, and WRKY33. Interestingly, activation of the stress tolerance genes by ERF6 occurs independently from the ERF6-mediated growth inhibition. Together, these data fit into a leaf growth regulatory model in which ERF5 and ERF6 form a missing link between the previously observed stress-induced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid accumulation and DELLA-mediated cell cycle exit and execute a dual role by regulating both stress tolerance and growth inhibition.
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189
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Töpfer N, Caldana C, Grimbs S, Willmitzer L, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z. Integration of genome-scale modeling and transcript profiling reveals metabolic pathways underlying light and temperature acclimation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:1197-211. [PMID: 23613196 PMCID: PMC3663262 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Understanding metabolic acclimation of plants to challenging environmental conditions is essential for dissecting the role of metabolic pathways in growth and survival. As stresses involve simultaneous physiological alterations across all levels of cellular organization, a comprehensive characterization of the role of metabolic pathways in acclimation necessitates integration of genome-scale models with high-throughput data. Here, we present an integrative optimization-based approach, which, by coupling a plant metabolic network model and transcriptomics data, can predict the metabolic pathways affected in a single, carefully controlled experiment. Moreover, we propose three optimization-based indices that characterize different aspects of metabolic pathway behavior in the context of the entire metabolic network. We demonstrate that the proposed approach and indices facilitate quantitative comparisons and characterization of the plant metabolic response under eight different light and/or temperature conditions. The predictions of the metabolic functions involved in metabolic acclimation of Arabidopsis thaliana to the changing conditions are in line with experimental evidence and result in a hypothesis about the role of homocysteine-to-Cys interconversion and Asn biosynthesis. The approach can also be used to reveal the role of particular metabolic pathways in other scenarios, while taking into consideration the entirety of characterized plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Töpfer
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Camila Caldana
- Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, Integrate Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Associated Centers to the Brazilian Association for Synchrotron Light Technology, 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
| | - Sergio Grimbs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Lothar Willmitzer
- Genes and Small Molecules Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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190
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Noir S, Bömer M, Takahashi N, Ishida T, Tsui TL, Balbi V, Shanahan H, Sugimoto K, Devoto A. Jasmonate controls leaf growth by repressing cell proliferation and the onset of endoreduplication while maintaining a potential stand-by mode. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1930-51. [PMID: 23439917 PMCID: PMC3613466 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.214908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones regulate plant growth from cell division to organ development. Jasmonates (JAs) are signaling molecules that have been implicated in stress-induced responses. However, they have also been shown to inhibit plant growth, but the mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on leaf growth regulation were investigated in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants altered in JA synthesis and perception, allene oxide synthase and coi1-16B (for coronatine insensitive1), respectively. We show that MeJA inhibits leaf growth through the JA receptor COI1 by reducing both cell number and size. Further investigations using flow cytometry analyses allowed us to evaluate ploidy levels and to monitor cell cycle progression in leaves and cotyledons of Arabidopsis and/or Nicotiana benthamiana at different stages of development. Additionally, a novel global transcription profiling analysis involving continuous treatment with MeJA was carried out to identify the molecular players whose expression is regulated during leaf development by this hormone and COI1. The results of these studies revealed that MeJA delays the switch from the mitotic cell cycle to the endoreduplication cycle, which accompanies cell expansion, in a COI1-dependent manner and inhibits the mitotic cycle itself, arresting cells in G1 phase prior to the S-phase transition. Significantly, we show that MeJA activates critical regulators of endoreduplication and affects the expression of key determinants of DNA replication. Our discoveries also suggest that MeJA may contribute to the maintenance of a cellular "stand-by mode" by keeping the expression of ribosomal genes at an elevated level. Finally, we propose a novel model for MeJA-regulated COI1-dependent leaf growth inhibition.
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191
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Verelst W, Bertolini E, De Bodt S, Vandepoele K, Demeulenaere M, Pè ME, Inzé D. Molecular and physiological analysis of growth-limiting drought stress in Brachypodium distachyon leaves. MOLECULAR PLANT 2013; 6:311-22. [PMID: 23015761 DOI: 10.1093/mp/sss098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The drought-tolerant grass Brachypodium distachyon is an emerging model species for temperate grasses and cereal crops. To explore the usefulness of this species for drought studies, a reproducible in vivo drought assay was developed. Spontaneous soil drying led to a 45% reduction in leaf size, and this was mostly due to a decrease in cell expansion, whereas cell division remained largely unaffected by drought. To investigate the molecular basis of the observed leaf growth reduction, the third Brachypodium leaf was dissected in three zones, namely proliferation, expansion, and mature zones, and subjected to transcriptome analysis, based on a whole-genome tiling array. This approach allowed us to highlight that transcriptome profiles of different developmental leaf zones respond differently to drought. Several genes and functional processes involved in drought tolerance were identified. The transcriptome data suggest an increased energy availability in the proliferation zones, along with an up-regulation of sterol synthesis that may influence membrane fluidity. This information may be used to improve the tolerance of temperate cereals to drought, which is undoubtedly one of the major environmental challenges faced by agriculture today and in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Verelst
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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192
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DU ZY, Chen MX, Chen QF, Xiao S, Chye ML. Overexpression of Arabidopsis acyl-CoA-binding protein ACBP2 enhances drought tolerance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:300-14. [PMID: 22788984 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02574.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana acyl-CoA-binding protein 2 (ACBP2) is a stress-responsive protein that is also important in embryogenesis. Here, we assign a role for ACBP2 in abscisic acid (ABA) signalling during seed germination, seedling development and the drought response. ACBP2 was induced by ABA and drought, and transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing ACBP2 (ACBP2-OXs) showed increased sensitivity to ABA treatment during germination and seedling development. ACBP2-OXs also displayed improved drought tolerance and ABA-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells, thereby promoting stomatal closure, reducing water loss and enhancing drought tolerance. In contrast, acbp2 mutant plants showed decreased sensitivity to ABA in root development and were more sensitive to drought stress. RNA analyses revealed that ACBP2 overexpression up-regulated the expression of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog D (AtrbohD) and AtrbohF, two NAD(P)H oxidases essential for ABA-mediated ROS production, whereas the expression of Hypersensitive to ABA1 (HAB1), an important negative regulator in ABA signalling, was down-regulated. In addition, transgenic plants expressing ACBP2pro:GUS showed beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining in guard cells, confirming a role for ACBP2 at the stomata. These observations support a positive role for ACBP2 in promoting ABA signalling in germination, seedling development and the drought response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan DU
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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193
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Osakabe Y, Arinaga N, Umezawa T, Katsura S, Nagamachi K, Tanaka H, Ohiraki H, Yamada K, Seo SU, Abo M, Yoshimura E, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Osmotic stress responses and plant growth controlled by potassium transporters in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:609-24. [PMID: 23396830 PMCID: PMC3608781 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.105700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic adjustment plays a fundamental role in water stress responses and growth in plants; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that the KUP potassium transporter family plays important roles in this process, under the control of abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin. We generated Arabidopsis thaliana multiple mutants for K(+) uptake transporter 6 (KUP6), KUP8, KUP2/SHORT HYPOCOTYL3, and an ABA-responsive potassium efflux channel, guard cell outward rectifying K(+) channel (GORK). The triple mutants, kup268 and kup68 gork, exhibited enhanced cell expansion, suggesting that these KUPs negatively regulate turgor-dependent growth. Potassium uptake experiments using (86)radioactive rubidium ion ((86)Rb(+)) in the mutants indicated that these KUPs might be involved in potassium efflux in Arabidopsis roots. The mutants showed increased auxin responses and decreased sensitivity to an auxin inhibitor (1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid) and ABA in lateral root growth. During water deficit stress, kup68 gork impaired ABA-mediated stomatal closing, and kup268 and kup68 gork decreased survival of drought stress. The protein kinase SNF1-related protein kinases 2E (SRK2E), a key component of ABA signaling, interacted with and phosphorylated KUP6, suggesting that KUP functions are regulated directly via an ABA signaling complex. We propose that the KUP6 subfamily transporters act as key factors in osmotic adjustment by balancing potassium homeostasis in cell growth and drought stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Osakabe
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Naoko Arinaga
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Taishi Umezawa
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Shogo Katsura
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Keita Nagamachi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hidenori Tanaka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Haruka Ohiraki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kohji Yamada
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - So-Uk Seo
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Abo
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Etsuro Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
- Address correspondence to
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194
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Systems-based analysis of Arabidopsis leaf growth reveals adaptation to water deficit. Mol Syst Biol 2013; 8:606. [PMID: 22929616 PMCID: PMC3435506 DOI: 10.1038/msb.2012.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep profiling of the transcriptome and proteome during leaf development reveals unexpected responses to water deficit, as well as a surprising lack of protein-level fluctuations during the day–night cycle, despite clear changes at the transcript level. ![]()
Transcript and protein variation patterns reflect the functional stages of the leaf. Protein and transcript levels correlate well during leaf development, with some notable exceptions. Diurnal transcript-level fluctuations are not matched by corresponding diurnal fluctuations in the detected proteome. Continuous reduced soil water content results in reduced leaf growth, but the plant adapts at molecular levels without showing a typical drought response.
Leaves have a central role in plant energy capture and carbon conversion and therefore must continuously adapt their development to prevailing environmental conditions. To reveal the dynamic systems behaviour of leaf development, we profiled Arabidopsis leaf number six in depth at four different growth stages, at both the end-of-day and end-of-night, in plants growing in two controlled experimental conditions: short-day conditions with optimal soil water content and constant reduced soil water conditions. We found that the lower soil water potential led to reduced, but prolonged, growth and an adaptation at the molecular level without a drought stress response. Clustering of the protein and transcript data using a decision tree revealed different patterns in abundance changes across the growth stages and between end-of-day and end-of-night that are linked to specific biological functions. Correlations between protein and transcript levels depend on the time-of-day and also on protein localisation and function. Surprisingly, only very few of >1700 quantified proteins showed diurnal abundance fluctuations, despite strong fluctuations at the transcript level.
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195
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Duan L, Dietrich D, Ng CH, Chan PMY, Bhalerao R, Bennett MJ, Dinneny JR. Endodermal ABA signaling promotes lateral root quiescence during salt stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:324-41. [PMID: 23341337 PMCID: PMC3584545 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.107227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The endodermal tissue layer is found in the roots of vascular plants and functions as a semipermeable barrier, regulating the transport of solutes from the soil into the vascular stream. As a gateway for solutes, the endodermis may also serve as an important site for sensing and responding to useful or toxic substances in the environment. Here, we show that high salinity, an environmental stress widely impacting agricultural land, regulates growth of the seedling root system through a signaling network operating primarily in the endodermis. We report that salt stress induces an extended quiescent phase in postemergence lateral roots (LRs) whereby the rate of growth is suppressed for several days before recovery begins. Quiescence is correlated with sustained abscisic acid (ABA) response in LRs and is dependent upon genes necessary for ABA biosynthesis, signaling, and transcriptional regulation. We use a tissue-specific strategy to identify the key cell layers where ABA signaling acts to regulate growth. In the endodermis, misexpression of the ABA insensitive1-1 mutant protein, which dominantly inhibits ABA signaling, leads to a substantial recovery in LR growth under salt stress conditions. Gibberellic acid signaling, which antagonizes the ABA pathway, also acts primarily in the endodermis, and we define the crosstalk between these two hormones. Our results identify the endodermis as a gateway with an ABA-dependent guard, which prevents root growth into saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Duan
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, California 94305
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Daniela Dietrich
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Chong Han Ng
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Penny Mei Yeen Chan
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Rishikesh Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umea, Sweden
| | - Malcolm J. Bennett
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - José R. Dinneny
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, California 94305
- Temasek Lifesciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Address correspondence to
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196
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Zhiponova MK, Vanhoutte I, Boudolf V, Betti C, Dhondt S, Coppens F, Mylle E, Maes S, González-García MP, Caño-Delgado AI, Inzé D, Beemster GTS, De Veylder L, Russinova E. Brassinosteroid production and signaling differentially control cell division and expansion in the leaf. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:490-502. [PMID: 23253334 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) hormones control plant growth through acting on both cell expansion and division. Here, we examined the role of BRs in leaf growth using the Arabidopsis BR-deficient mutant constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism (cpd). We show that the reduced size of cpd leaf blades is a result of a decrease in cell size and number, as well as in venation length and complexity. Kinematic growth analysis and tissue-specific marker gene expression revealed that the leaf phenotype of cpd is associated with a prolonged cell division phase and delayed differentiation. cpd-leaf-rescue experiments and leaf growth analysis of BR biosynthesis and signaling gain-of-function mutants showed that BR production and BR receptor-dependent signaling differentially control the balance between cell division and expansion in the leaf. Investigation of cell cycle markers in leaves of cpd revealed the accumulation of mitotic proteins independent of transcription. This correlated with an increase in cyclin-dependent kinase activity, suggesting a role for BRs in control of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava K Zhiponova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vanhoutte
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Véronique Boudolf
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Camilla Betti
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Mylle
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Maes
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mary-Paz González-García
- Molecular Genetics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB, 08013, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Caño-Delgado
- Molecular Genetics Department, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB, 08013, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eugenia Russinova
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium
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197
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Osakabe Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LSP. Sensing the environment: key roles of membrane-localized kinases in plant perception and response to abiotic stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:445-58. [PMID: 23307915 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ers354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions have negative effects on plant growth and development. Receptor proteins on the plasma membrane sense various environmental stimuli and transduce them to downstream intra- and intercellular signalling networks. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) play important roles in perceiving the extracellular ligands and activating the downstream pathway via phosphorylation of intracellular serine/threonine kinase domains. The Arabidopsis genome possesses >600 RLK-encoding genes, some of which are implicated in the perception of environmental signals during the life cycle of the sessile plants. Histidine kinases are also membrane-localized kinases and perceive osmotic stress and plant hormones. In this review, we focus on the RLKs and histidine kinases that play a role in plant response to abiotic stresses. We summarize our recent understanding of their specific roles in stress responses and absicisic acid (ABA) regulation. Elucidation of the functions of these kinases in the osmotic stress response will provide a better understanding of stress-sensing mechanisms in plants and help to identify potential candidate genes for genetic engineering of improved stress-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Osakabe
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan.
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198
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Bonhomme L, Valot B, Tardieu F, Zivy M. Phosphoproteome dynamics upon changes in plant water status reveal early events associated with rapid growth adjustment in maize leaves. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:957-72. [PMID: 22787273 PMCID: PMC3494150 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.015867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth adjustment during water deficit is a crucial adaptive response. The rapid fine-tuned control achieved at the post-translational level is believed to be of considerable importance for regulating early changes in plant growth reprogramming. Aiming at a better understanding of early responses to contrasting plant water statuses, we carried out a survey of the protein phosphorylation events in the growing zone of maize leaves upon a range of water regimes. In this study, the impact of mild and severe water deficits were evaluated in comparison with constant optimal watering and with recovery periods lasting 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 min. Using four biological replicates per treatment and a robust quantitative phosphoproteomic methodology based on stable-isotope labeling, we identified 3664 unique phosphorylation sites on 2496 proteins. The abundance of nearly 1250 phosphorylated peptides was reproducibly quantified and profiled with high confidence among treatments. A total of 138 phosphopeptides displayed highly significant changes according to water regimes and enabled to identify specific patterns of response to changing plant water statuses. Further quantification of protein amounts emphasized that most phosphorylation changes did not reflect protein abundance variation. During water deficit and recovery, extensive changes in phosphorylation status occurred in critical regulators directly or indirectly involved in plant growth and development. These included proteins influencing epigenetic control, gene expression, cell cycle-dependent processes and phytohormone-mediated responses. Some of the changes depended on stress intensity whereas others depended on rehydration duration, including rapid recoveries that occurred as early as 5 or 10 mins after rewatering. By combining a physiological approach and a quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis, this work provides new insights into the in vivo early phosphorylation events triggered by rapid changes in plant water status, and their possible involvement in plant growth-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Bonhomme
- From the ‡INRA/University Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - Benoît Valot
- §INRA, Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud Ouest, PAPPSO, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
| | - François Tardieu
- ¶INRA, Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologiedes Plantes sous Stress Environnementaux, LEPSE, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- From the ‡INRA/University Paris-Sud/CNRS/AgroParisTech, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale, Gif-sur-Yvette, 91190, France
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199
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Rice phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein OsPIL1 functions as a key regulator of internode elongation and induces a morphological response to drought stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:15947-52. [PMID: 22984180 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207324109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms for plant growth restriction during stress conditions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that a phytochrome-interacting factor-like protein, OsPIL1/OsPIL13, acts as a key regulator of reduced internode elongation in rice under drought conditions. The level of OsPIL1 mRNA in rice seedlings grown under nonstressed conditions with light/dark cycles oscillated in a circadian manner with peaks in the middle of the light period. Under drought stress conditions, OsPIL1 expression was inhibited during the light period. We found that OsPIL1 was highly expressed in the node portions of the stem using promoter-glucuronidase analysis. Overexpression of OsPIL1 in transgenic rice plants promoted internode elongation. In contrast, transgenic rice plants with a chimeric repressor resulted in short internode sections. Alteration of internode cell size was observed in OsPIL1 transgenic plants, indicating that differences in cell size cause the change in internode length. Oligoarray analysis revealed OsPIL1 downstream genes, which were enriched for cell wall-related genes responsible for cell elongation. These data suggest that OsPIL1 functions as a key regulatory factor of reduced plant height via cell wall-related genes in response to drought stress. This regulatory system may be important for morphological stress adaptation in rice under drought conditions.
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Obata T, Fernie AR. The use of metabolomics to dissect plant responses to abiotic stresses. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3225-43. [PMID: 22885821 PMCID: PMC3437017 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Plant metabolism is perturbed by various abiotic stresses. As such the metabolic network of plants must be reconfigured under stress conditions in order to allow both the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis and the production of compounds that ameliorate the stress. The recent development and adoption of metabolomics and systems biology approaches enable us not only to gain a comprehensive overview, but also a detailed analysis of crucial components of the plant metabolic response to abiotic stresses. In this review we introduce the analytical methods used for plant metabolomics and describe their use in studies related to the metabolic response to water, temperature, light, nutrient limitation, ion and oxidative stresses. Both similarity and specificity of the metabolic responses against diverse abiotic stress are evaluated using data available in the literature. Classically discussed stress compounds such as proline, γ-amino butyrate and polyamines are reviewed, and the widespread importance of branched chain amino acid metabolism under stress condition is discussed. Finally, where possible, mechanistic insights into metabolic regulatory processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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