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Examining School and Neighborhood Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Childhood Obesity in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105831. [PMID: 35627368 PMCID: PMC9141304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity amongst Kindergartners in Texas is above the national average, particularly among Hispanic students. Research on the impact of school and neighborhood-level SES on obesity in childhood using multilevel models is lacking. Survey data were collected from Hispanic caregivers of pre-kindergarten students in Fall 2019 (n = 237). Students were clustered in thirty-two neighborhoods and twelve schools. The dependent variable was the child’s body mass index z-score (BMIz). Covariates included the child’s sex, primary caregiver’s marital status, education level, relationship to the child, and family income. Level-two variables included neighborhood poverty and school SES. CTableross-classified multilevel linear regression models were conducted to examine the unique associations of neighborhood poverty and school SES with individual student BMIz, and how they interact. Twenty-four percent of students were classified as overweight, and five percent were classified as obese. The models resulted in a significant association between school SES and BMIz (B = −0.13; SE = 0.06; p < 0.05) and between neighborhood poverty and BMIz (B = −1.41; SE = 0.49; p < 0.01). Individual students’ BMIz decreased as school SES increased and decreased as neighborhood poverty increased. Neighborhood poverty and school SES appear to play a role in the development of obesity in childhood, although in differing directions.
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152
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Odusanya AO, Reid KS, Amutah-Onukagha N, Robinson K, Kalu OU, Lawrence WR, Lin Z. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and age stopped breastfeeding on early childhood weight status. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:214-219. [PMID: 35550119 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies have suggested that breastfeeding is associated with child weight status. However, the length of breastfeeding in relation to child weight remains poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the association between age stopped breastfeeding and child weight status by sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis utilized a nationally representative sample of 3248 U.S. children ages 2-6 years from 2009 to 2018, from parents interviewed as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Child body weight and height were measured during physical examination. Information on age stopped breastfeeding and other demographic characteristics were assessed using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to examine the association between age stopped breastfeeding and child weight status, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Children breastfed for ≤ 11 months had an increased odds of being overweight and obese with the strongest association observed among those classified as obese (OR=2.12; 95%CI 1.23, 3.64) compared with children breastfed for > 11-24 months. The association between breastfeeding and child weight status was observed by racial/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic white and Black children breastfed for ≤ 11 months had an associated increased likelihood of being overweight than their counterparts breastfed for > 11-24 months. Among Hispanic children, we observed elevated odds of being obese when breastfed for ≤ 11 months (OR=1.98; 95%CI 1.00, 3.91) than those breastfed for > 11-24 months. CONCLUSION Child weight status was associated with age stopped breastfeeding, where likelihood of being overweight and obese were greatest among children breastfed for ≤ 11 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne O Odusanya
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kaydian S Reid
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, University of Saint Joseph, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Ndidiamaka Amutah-Onukagha
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ola U Kalu
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts & Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Wayne R Lawrence
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ziqiang Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Health School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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153
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Lares-Villaseñor E, Salazar-García S, Cossío-Torres PE, Aradillas-García C, Portales-Pérez DP, Vargas-Morales JM. Uricaemia and associated health determinants in a paediatric population in Mexico. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1308-1316. [PMID: 35282983 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Uric acid (UA) is a product of the catabolism of purines, and its increase in blood may be related to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. Whether UA is the result or causal determinant of the appearance of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is not yet known. UA levels among the young student population in San Luis Potosi have increased in recent years, which may be indicative of a serious future public health concern. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of sociodemographic, lifestyle and cardiometabolic determinants with UA levels in children and adolescents in San Luis Potosí. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 730 students (54.1% female and 45.9% male, 6-19 years old) participated in the study. The subjects attended one of five public schools located in San Luis Potosí. Venous blood samples were collected, blood serum was separated by centrifugation, and UA concentrations were measured with an automated analytical platform. UA was associated with most of the independent variables studied. It presented a positive correlation with body mass index (r = 0.363, p < 0.01). Male sex, socioeconomic status, total screen time, exercise, adequate sleep, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol explained 23%-39% (p < 0.001) of the variability of plasma concentrations of UA in children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Early detection of these determinants will prevent future diseases. Moreover, it will help with the implementation of preventive strategies that could improve the health of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lares-Villaseñor
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - S Salazar-García
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - P E Cossío-Torres
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - D P Portales-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - J M Vargas-Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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154
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Costet N, Lafontaine A, Rouget F, Michineau L, Monfort C, Thomé JP, Kadhel P, Multigner L, Cordier S. Prenatal and childhood exposure to chlordecone and adiposity of seven-year-old children in the Timoun mother-child cohort study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies). Environ Health 2022; 21:42. [PMID: 35439992 PMCID: PMC9017008 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to persistent environmental organic pollutants may contribute to the development of obesity among children. Chlordecone is a persistent organochlorine insecticide with estrogenic properties that was used in the French West Indies (1973-1993) and is still present in the soil and the water and food consumed by the local population. We studied the association between prenatal and childhood exposure to chlordecone and the adiposity of prepubertal children. METHODS Within the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study in Guadeloupe (French West Indies), 575 children had a medical examination at seven years of age, including adiposity measurements. A Structural Equation Modeling approach was used to create a global adiposity score from four adiposity indicators: the BMI z-score, percentage of fat mass, sum of the tricipital and subscapular skinfold thickness, and waist-to-height ratio. Chlordecone concentrations were measured in cord blood at birth and in the children's blood at seven years of age. Models were adjusted for prenatal and postnatal covariates. Sensitivity analyses accounted for co-exposure to PCB-153 and pp'-DDE. Mediation analyses, including intermediate birth outcomes, were conducted. RESULTS Prenatal chlordecone exposure tended to be associated with increased adiposity at seven years of age, particularly in boys. However, statistical significance was only reached in the third quartile of exposure and neither linear nor non-linear trends could be formally identified. Consideration of preterm birth or birth weight in mediation analyses did not modify the results, as adjustment for PCB-153 and pp'-DDE co-exposures. CONCLUSION Globally, we found little evidence of an association between chlordecone exposure during the critical in utero or childhood periods of development and altered body-weight homeostasis in childhood. Nevertheless, some associations we observed at seven years of age, although non-significant, were consistent with those observed at earlier ages and would be worth investing during further follow-ups of children of the Timoun Mother-Child Cohort Study when they reach puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Costet
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Lafontaine
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florence Rouget
- CHU de Rennes, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Léah Michineau
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Christine Monfort
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Thomé
- LEAE-CART (Laboratoire d’Ecologie Animale Et d’Ecotoxicologie-Centre de Recherche Analytique Et Technologique), Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Philippe Kadhel
- CHU de Guadeloupe, Univ Antilles, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-97100 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Luc Multigner
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, environnement et travail) -UMR_S 1085, F-35000 Rennes, France
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155
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Michaud TL, Hill JL, Heelan KA, Bartee RT, Abbey BM, Malmkar A, Masker J, Golden C, Porter G, Glasgow RE, Estabrooks PA. Understanding implementation costs of a pediatric weight management intervention: an economic evaluation protocol. Implement Sci Commun 2022; 3:37. [PMID: 35382891 PMCID: PMC8981827 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-022-00287-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the cost and/or cost-effectiveness of implementation strategies is crucial for organizations to make informed decisions about the resources needed to implement and sustain evidence-based interventions (EBIs). This economic evaluation protocol describes the methods and processes that will be used to assess costs and cost-effectiveness across implementation strategies used to improve the reach, adoption, implementation, and organizational maintenance of an evidence-based pediatric weight management intervention- Building Health Families (BHF). Methods A within-trial cost and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) will be completed as part of a hybrid type III effectiveness-implementation trial (HEI) designed to examine the impact of an action Learning Collaborative (LC) strategy consisting of network weaving, consultee-centered training, goal-setting and feedback, and sustainability action planning to improve the adoption, implementation, organizational maintenance, and program reach of BHF in micropolitan and surrounding rural communities in the USA, over a 12-month period. We discuss key features of implementation strategy components and the associated cost collection and outcome measures and present brief examples on what will be included in the CEA for each discrete implementation strategy and how the results will be interpreted. The cost data will be collected by identifying implementation activities associated with each strategy and using a digital-based time tracking tool to capture the time associated with each activity. Costs will be assessed relative to the BHF program implementation and the multicomponent implementation strategy, included within and external to a LC designed to improve reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance (RE-AIM) of BHF. The CEA results will be reported by RE-AIM outcomes, using the average cost-effectiveness ratio or incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. All the CEAs will be performed from the community perspective. Discussion The proposed costing approach and economic evaluation framework for dissemination and implementation strategies and EBI implementation will contribute to the evolving but still scant literature on economic evaluation of implementation and strategies used and facilitate the comparative economic analysis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04719442. Registered on January 22, 2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43058-022-00287-1.
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156
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Early unhealthy eating habits underlie morpho-functional changes in the liver and adipose tissue in male rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:657-669. [PMID: 35344087 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02092-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Early-life consumption of high-fat and sugar-rich foods is recognized as a major contributor for the onset of metabolic dysfunction and its related disorders, including diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The lifelong impact of early unhealthy eating habits that start at younger ages remains unclear. Therefore, to better understand the effects of diet, it is essential to evaluate the structural and functional changes induced in metabolic organs and potential mechanisms underlying those changes. To investigate the long-term effects of eating habits, young male rats were exposed to high-sugar and high-energy diets. After 14 weeks, body composition was assessed, and histopathological changes were analyzed in the liver and adipose tissue. Serum biochemical parameters were also determined. Expression of inflammatory markers in the liver was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Our results revealed that serum levels of glucose, creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lipid profile were increased in rats red high-sugar and high-energy diets. Histopathological alterations were observed, including abnormal hepatocyte organization and lipid droplet accumulation in the liver, and abnormal structure of adipocytes. In both unhealthy diet groups, hepatic expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and E-selectin were increased, as well as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Together, our data demonstrated that unhealthy diets induced functional and structural changes in the metabolic organs, suggesting that proinflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms trigger the hepatic alterations and metabolic dysfunction.
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157
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Body Composition Assessment by Air-Displacement Plethysmography Compared to Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Full-Term and Preterm Aged Three to Five Years. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061604. [PMID: 35329930 PMCID: PMC8952802 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to monitor body composition longitudinally, especially in children with atypical body composition trajectories. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used and reference values are available. Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a relatively new technique, but reference values are lacking. In addition, estimates of fat-free mass density (Dffm), needed in ADP calculations, are based on children aged >8 years and may not be valid for younger children. We, therefore, aimed to investigate whether DXA and ADP results were comparable in young children aged 3−5 years, either born full-term or preterm, and if Dffm estimates in the ADP algorithm could be improved. In 154 healthy children born full-term and 67 born < 30 weeks of the inverse pressure-volume gestation, aged 3−5 years, body composition was measured using ADP (BODPOD, with default Lohman Dffm estimates) and DXA (Lunar Prodigy). We compared fat mass (FM), fat mass percentage (FM%) and fat-free mass (FFM), between ADP and DXA using Bland−Altman analyses, in both groups. Using a 3-compartment model as reference method, we revised the Dffm estimates for ADP. In full-term-born children, Bland−Altman analyses showed considerable fixed and proportional bias for FM, FM%, and FFM. After revising the Dffm estimates, agreement between ADP and DXA improved, with mean differences (LoA) for FM, FM%, and FFM of −0.67 kg (−2.38; 1.04), −3.54% (−13.44; 6.36), and 0.5 kg (−1.30; 2.30), respectively, but a small fixed and proportional bias remained. The differences between ADP and DXA were larger in preterm-born children, even after revising Dffm estimates. So, despite revised and improved sex and age-specific Dffm estimates, results of ADP and DXA remained not comparable and should not be used interchangeably in the longitudinal assessment of body composition in children aged 3−5 years, and especially not in very preterm-born children of that age.
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Nitsche LJ, Mukherjee S, Cheruvu K, Krabak C, Rachala R, Ratnakaram K, Sharma P, Singh M, Yendamuri S. Exploring the Impact of the Obesity Paradox on Lung Cancer and Other Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061440. [PMID: 35326592 PMCID: PMC8946288 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Studies have shown that obesity is associated with many adverse health effects, including worse cancer outcomes. Many studies paradoxically suggest a survival benefit for obesity in treatment outcomes of cancers such as non-small-cell lung cancer. This relationship is not seen in animal models. We hypothesize that this relationship is secondary to suboptimal quantification of adiposity, enhanced immunotherapy response, and variables such as sex, medications, and smoking status. There are many ways to measure and classify adiposity, but the ability to distinguish abdominal obesity is likely key in predicting accurate prognosis. There are many ways obesity impacts cancer treatment course from diagnosis to survivorship. In this paper, we aim to analyze the factors contributing to the obesity paradox and its effect on lung cancer. This can aid the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer and may support further research into obesity-specific impacts on this malignancy. Abstract There is a paradoxical relationship between obesity, as measured by BMI, and many types of cancer, including non-small-cell lung cancer. Obese non-small-cell lung cancer patients have been shown to fare better than their non-obese counterparts. To analyze the multifaceted effects of obesity on oncologic outcomes, we reviewed the literature on the obesity paradox, methods to measure adiposity, the obesity-related derangements in immunology and metabolism, and the oncologic impact of confounding variables such as gender, smoking, and concomitant medications such as statins and metformin. We analyzed how these aspects may contribute to the obesity paradox and cancer outcomes with a focus on lung cancer. We concluded that the use of BMI to measure adiposity is limited and should be replaced by a method that can differentiate abdominal obesity. We also concluded that the concomitant metabolic and immunologic derangements caused by obesity contribute to the obesity paradox. Medications, gender, and smoking are additional variables that impact oncologic outcomes, and further research needs to be performed to solidify the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Joyce Nitsche
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sarbajit Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - Kareena Cheruvu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Cathleen Krabak
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Rohit Rachala
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Kalyan Ratnakaram
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Maddy Singh
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (L.J.N.); (K.C.); (C.K.); (R.R.); (K.R.); (P.S.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-8458675
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159
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Sehn AP, Brand C, Silveira JFDC, Marshall R, Pollo Renner JD, Reuter CP. Integrated role of lifestyle habits in cardiometabolic risk factors according to sex in adolescents. Ann Hum Biol 2022; 49:18-26. [PMID: 35254182 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2022.2049873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Background: A healthy lifestyle should be adopted by young people to maintain cardiometabolic health. Aim: To verify the prevalence and the integrated role of lifestyle habits in cardiometabolic risk factors according to sex in adolescents. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study developed with 1,502 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years. Lifestyle habits included physical activity, screen time and sleep duration evaluated through a questionnaire. Cardiometabolic risk score (CMRS) was calculated by summing z-scores, divided by six. For statistical analyses, multivariable binary and multinomial logistic regression models were used. Results: 80.7% of the boys classified with adverse CMRS presented physical inactivity, compared to normal CMRS. In girls, 42.6% showed inadequate sleep compared to normal CMRS. Boys classified as inactive showed higher odds for obesity, as well as altered triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure, risk for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), high waist circumference, and CMRS, compared to the active. A prolonged screen time increased the odds for altered glucose and decreased the odds for altered triglycerides. In girls, inadequate sleep duration presented higher odds for overweight, obesity, risk for CRF, and high CMRS, compared to adequate sleep. Conclusions: Physical activity for boys and sleep duration for girls are important to maintain healthy metabolic health among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Sehn
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | - Caroline Brand
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Jane Dagmar Pollo Renner
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion. Life Sciences Department. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Cézane Priscila Reuter
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion. Health Sciences Department. University of Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC). Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Zdanowicz K, Bobrus-Chociej A, Lebensztejn DM. Chemerin as Potential Biomarker in Pediatric Diseases: A PRISMA-Compliant Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030591. [PMID: 35327393 PMCID: PMC8945351 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is the main source of adipokines and therefore serves not only as a storage organ, but also has an endocrine effect. Chemerin, produced mainly in adipocytes and liver, is a natural ligand for chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), G-protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPR1) and C-C motif chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), which have been identified in many tissues and organs. The role of this protein is an active area of research, and recent analyses suggest that chemerin contributes to angiogenesis, adipogenesis, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism. Many studies confirm that this molecule is associated with obesity in both children and adults. We conducted a systematic review of data from published studies evaluating chemerin in children with various disease entities. We searched PubMed to identify eligible studies published prior to February 2022. A total of 36 studies were selected for analysis after a detailed investigation, which was intended to leave only the research studies. Moreover, chemerin seems to play an important role in the development of cardiovascular and digestive diseases. The purpose of this review was to describe the latest advances in knowledge of the role of chemerin in the pathogenesis of various diseases from studies in pediatric patients. The mechanisms underlying the function of chemerin in various diseases in children are still being investigated, and growing evidence suggests that this adipokine may be a potential prognostic biomarker for a wide range of diseases.
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161
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van Beijsterveldt IA, Snowden SG, Myers PN, de Fluiter KS, van de Heijning B, Brix S, Ong KK, Dunger DB, Hokken‐Koelega AC, Koulman A. Metabolomics in early life and the association with body composition at age 2 years. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12859. [PMID: 34644810 PMCID: PMC9286420 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Early life is a critical window for adiposity programming. Metabolic-profile in early life may reflect this programming and correlate with later life adiposity. We investigated if metabolic-profile at 3 months of age is predictive for body composition at 2 years and if there are differences between boys and girls and between infant feeding types. METHODS In 318 healthy term-born infants, we determined body composition with skinfold measurements and abdominal ultrasound at 3 months and 2 years of age. High-throughput-metabolic-profiling was performed on 3-month-blood-samples. Using random-forest-machine-learning-models, we studied if the metabolic-profile at 3 months can predict body composition outcomes at 2 years of age. RESULTS Plasma metabolite-profile at 3 months was found to predict body composition at 2 years, based on truncal: peripheral-fat-skinfold-ratio (T:P-ratio), with a predictive value of 75.8%, sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 50%. Predictive value was higher in boys (Q2 = 0.322) than girls (Q2 = 0.117). Of the 15 metabolite variables most strongly associated with T:P-ratio, 11 were also associated with visceral fat at 2 years of age. CONCLUSION Several plasma metabolites (LysoPC(22:2), dimethylarginine and others) at 3 months associate with body composition outcome at 2 years. These results highlight the importance of the first months of life for adiposity programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge A.L.P. van Beijsterveldt
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Stuart G. Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research LaboratoriesInstitute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK,Department of Biological SciencesRoyal Holloway University of LondonEghamUK
| | - Pernille Neve Myers
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark,Clinical‐Microbiomics A/SCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kirsten S. de Fluiter
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and BiomedicineTechnical University of DenmarkKgs. LyngbyDenmark
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology UnitUniversity of Cambridge, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeUK
| | | | - Anita C.S. Hokken‐Koelega
- Department of Pediatrics, Subdivision of EndocrinologyErasmus University Medical Center/Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research LaboratoriesInstitute of Metabolic Science, University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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162
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Meng C, Yucheng T, Shu L, Yu Z. Effects of school-based high-intensity interval training on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in adolescent boys with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 35232402 PMCID: PMC8886768 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With accumulating evidence suggesting that CVD has its origins in childhood obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a real-world school-based high-intensity interval training intervention on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic markers in obese boys aged 10 to 13 years. Methods Forty-five adolescent boys with obesity (age = 11.2 ± 0.7 years, BMI = 24.2 ± 1.0 kg/m2), were randomized to high-intensity interval training group (HIIT, n = 15), moderate-intensity continuous training group (MICT, n = 15), or a control group (CON, n = 15). The intervention groups performed three weekly exercise sessions over 12 weeks. HIIT group performed two sets of eight bouts of 15 s run at high-intensity [90 ~ 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS)] separated by eight bouts of 15 s recovery run at low-intensity (50% MAS), MICT group performed 30 min run at moderate intensity (60 ~ 70% MAS) and CON group were instructed to continue their normal behaviors. All participants had indices of body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic markers measured at baseline and post-intervention. Statistical differences between and within groups were determined by use of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results Following the school-based training program, BMI and body fat mass decreased (BMI: − 1.8 kg/m2 vs. – 1.2 kg/m2, P < 0.01; FM: − 1.6 kg, P < 0.05 vs. -3.7 kg, P < 0.01) in HIIT and MICT group, but there was no significant difference between the two interventions; \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_{2\mathrm{peak}}$$\end{document}V˙O2peak both increased significantly in two intervention groups, and the increment of HIIT group was significantly greater than that of MICT (6.1 mL/kg/min vs. 3.8 mL/kg/min, P < 0.01), Visceral adipose tissue was significant decrease in HIIT group (− 53 g vs. -17 g, P < 0.01) whilst the MICT group experienced a significant decrease in body fat percentage (− 3.1 ± 1.0 kg, P < 0.01), but there were no significant difference between the two interventions. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in HIIT group (− 17.2%, P < 0.05). Significant decrease in the usual index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) occurred in HIIT and MICT groups (− 27.3 and − 28.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that high-intensity interval training based on running can be used to improve the physical health of obese adolescents in school. Further investigations involving a larger cohort of participants, taken from different schools, is recommended. Trial registration title Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Obese Children and Adolescents, time 16/12/2017, IDChiCTR-IOR-17013992, websitehttp://www.chictr.org.cn
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Meng
- Institute of Physical Education, Normal College, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Road, Nan Shan district, Shenzhen, 518061, China. .,Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen, 518061, China.
| | - Tang Yucheng
- Institute of Physical Education, Normal College, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Road, Nan Shan district, Shenzhen, 518061, China.,Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Li Shu
- Institute of Physical Education, Normal College, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nan Hai Road, Nan Shan district, Shenzhen, 518061, China.,Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - Zou Yu
- College of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310058, China
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163
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Noble AJ, Purcell RV, Adams AT, Lam YK, Ring PM, Anderson JR, Osborne AJ. A Final Frontier in Environment-Genome Interactions? Integrated, Multi-Omic Approaches to Predictions of Non-Communicable Disease Risk. Front Genet 2022; 13:831866. [PMID: 35211161 PMCID: PMC8861380 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.831866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological and associative research from humans and animals identifies correlations between the environment and health impacts. The environment—health inter-relationship is effected through an individual’s underlying genetic variation and mediated by mechanisms that include the changes to gene regulation that are associated with the diversity of phenotypes we exhibit. However, the causal relationships have yet to be established, in part because the associations are reduced to individual interactions and the combinatorial effects are rarely studied. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that our genomes are highly dynamic; they integrate information across multiple levels (from linear sequence, to structural organisation, to temporal variation) each of which is open to and responds to environmental influence. To unravel the complexities of the genomic basis of human disease, and in particular non-communicable diseases that are also influenced by the environment (e.g., obesity, type II diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, some neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) it is imperative that we fully integrate multiple layers of genomic data. Here we review current progress in integrated genomic data analysis, and discuss cases where data integration would lead to significant advances in our ability to predict how the environment may impact on our health. We also outline limitations which should form the basis of future research questions. In so doing, this review will lay the foundations for future research into the impact of the environment on our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Noble
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel V Purcell
- Department of Surgery, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alex T Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ying K Lam
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina M Ring
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jessica R Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Amy J Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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164
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Cui J, Yan R, Astell-Burt T, Gong E, Zheng L, Li X, Zhang J, Xiang L, Ye L, Hu Y, Tang Y, Gao C, Xiao L, Jiang Y, Shao R, Feng X, Zhang J, Yang Y. Types and Aspects of Front-of-Package Labeling Preferred by Parents: Insights for Policy Making in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040800. [PMID: 35215450 PMCID: PMC8878132 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The WHO recommends front-of-package labeling (FOPL) to help parents make healthier food choices for their children. But which type of FOPL resonates with parents in China? We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate parental preferences for five widely used formats of FOPL. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was applied to selected parents of students in primary and secondary schools in six provinces and municipalities from July 2020 to March 2021. A close-ended questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, parents’ preferences for five FOPL in three dimensions, perceptions of the importance of nutrients labeled on FOPL, and prepackaged foods that need FOPL most. Chi-square tests were used to examine the characteristics among five groups. The results showed that multiple traffic lights (MTL) was preferred by parents, followed by warning labels. Parents thought the most needed nutrients to label were sugar, salt, and total fat. The top three prepackaged foods to label were “baked food”, “milk and dairy products” and “sugar-sweetened beverages”. Our findings indicate that nutrient-specific FOPL formats with interpretive aids were preferred by Chinese parents. These new findings can help inform the planning and implementation of FOPL in China and help Chinese parents make healthier food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Cui
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Ruijie Yan
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Enying Gong
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Lutong Zheng
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Xinxuan Li
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.L.)
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
- Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Statistics, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Lihong Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Yiluan Hu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Tang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Li Xiao
- Chinese Health Education Network, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing 100020, China;
| | - Yan Jiang
- Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing 100022, China;
| | - Ruitai Shao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
| | - Xiaoqi Feng
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences, and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (J.C.); (R.Y.); (T.A.-B.); (E.G.); (J.Z.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (Y.H.); (Y.T.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuexin Yang
- Chinese Nutrition Society, Beijing 100022, China;
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.Y.)
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165
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Nuotio J, Laitinen TT, Sinaiko AR, Woo JG, Urbina EM, Jacobs DR, Steinberger J, Prineas RJ, Sabin MA, Burgner DP, Minn H, Burns TL, Bazzano LA, Venn AJ, Viikari JSA, Hutri-Kähönen N, Daniels SR, Raitakari OT, Magnussen CG, Juonala M, Dwyer T. Obesity during childhood is associated with higher cancer mortality rate during adulthood: the i3C Consortium. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:393-399. [PMID: 34728776 PMCID: PMC8794778 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries, cancer is the leading cause of death among middle-aged adults. Prospective data on the effects of childhood risk exposures on subsequent cancer mortality are scarce. METHODS We examined whether childhood body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels were associated with adult cancer mortality, using data from 21,012 children enrolled aged 3-19 years in seven prospective cohort studies from the U.S., Australia, and Finland that have followed participants from childhood into adulthood. Cancer mortality (cancer as a primary or secondary cause of death) was captured using registries. RESULTS 354 cancer deaths occurred over the follow-up. In age-, sex, and cohort-adjusted analyses, childhood BMI (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.24 per 1-SD increase) and childhood glucose (HR 1.22; 95%CI 1.01-1.47 per 1-SD increase), were associated with subsequent cancer mortality. In a multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, cohort, and childhood measures of fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure, childhood BMI remained as an independent predictor of subsequent cancer mortality (HR, 1.24; 95%CI, 1.03-1.49). The association of childhood BMI and subsequent cancer mortality persisted after adjustment for adulthood BMI (HR for childhood BMI, 1.35; 95%CI 1.12-1.63). CONCLUSIONS Higher childhood BMI was independently associated with increased overall cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Nuotio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Tomi T Laitinen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alan R Sinaiko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jessica G Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elaine M Urbina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julia Steinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ronald J Prineas
- Division of Public Health Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Heikki Minn
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Trudy L Burns
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Lydia A Bazzano
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stephen R Daniels
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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166
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Carreras-Badosa G, Gómez-Vilarrubla A, Mas-Parés B, Martínez-Calcerrada JM, Xargay-Torrent S, Prats-Puig A, Puerto-Carranza E, Díaz-Roldán F, de Zegher F, Ibañez L, Bassols J, López-Bermejo A. A 24-month metformin treatment study of children with obesity: Changes in circulating GDF-15 and associations with changes in body weight and visceral fat. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12845. [PMID: 34427052 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin treatment for 24 months in children with obesity lowers body mass index (BMI), reduces liver fat, and normalizes endocrine-metabolic parameters. OBJECTIVE Here we study whether circulating GDF-15 levels were raised by such metformin treatment and whether they related to changes in body weight and visceral fat in children with obesity. METHODS The study population consisted of 18 pre-pubertal/early pubertal children with obesity who had participated in a randomized double-blind clinical trial receiving metformin (850 mg/day) or placebo for 24 months. Circulating GDF-15, BMI and abdominal visceral and liver fat (magnetic resonance imaging) were assessed at 0, 6, 12 and 24 months. RESULTS Results showed that metformin-treated children had higher GDF-15 levels at 6 and 12 months. Higher rises of circulating GDF-15 associated with more loss of body weight and visceral fat. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the concept that GDF-15 is among the mediators of metformin's normalizing effects in individuals with obesity is herewith extended into childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Berta Mas-Parés
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Prats-Puig
- University School of Health and Sport (EUSES), University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elsa Puerto-Carranza
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Ferran Díaz-Roldán
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Francis de Zegher
- Department of Development & Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lourdes Ibañez
- Sant Joan de Déu Children's Hospital Pediatric Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judit Bassols
- Maternal-Fetal Metabolic Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain
| | - Abel López-Bermejo
- Pediatric Endocrinology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Spain.,Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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167
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Kanders SH, Nilsson KW, Åslund C. Breastfeeding moderates the relationship between fat mass and obesity-associated gene rs9939609 and body mass index among adolescents. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:66-76. [PMID: 35127123 PMCID: PMC8804930 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breastfeeding, which is important for early growth, is a possible moderator of genetic influence, such as the effect of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) on body mass index (BMI). The aim of this study was to assess the moderating effect of breastfeeding duration on the relationship between FTO rs9939609 and BMI in a Caucasian sample. METHODS Adolescents born in 1997 and in 1999, who were living in the Swedish county Västmanland in 2012, were invited to participate in the Survey of Adolescent Life in Västmanland. The adolescents and their parents completed self-reported questionnaires in 2012, 2015, and 2018. Genotyping of rs9939609 T > A polymorphism was conducted from saliva DNA samples. Interaction effects of parental reported breastfeeding duration in months, including regions of significance, on the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI plus overweight were assessed. RESULTS Considering physical activity levels, parental reported breastfeeding duration was a moderator of the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI for the younger (regions of significance = <1.6 and >28.1 months) and older adolescents (region of significance = >19.9 months), but not for the young adults. Plots of the association between breastfeeding duration and BMI showed higher BMI for AA with short breastfeeding, but lower BMI with longer breastfeeding than AT and TT. Longer breastfeeding lowered the odds for overweight among the younger adolescents, especially among AA individuals. CONCLUSION Rs9939609 AA individuals were more susceptible than AT and TT individuals to both short and long breastfeeding durations, which is consistent with the differential susceptibility hypothesis. FTO rs9939609 AA might be a plasticity variant with differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Breastfeeding duration may be one of many factors that affect the relationship between rs9939609 and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent W. Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical ResearchRegion VästmanlandUppsala UniversityCounty HospitalVästeråsSweden
- School of Health, Care and Social WelfareMälardalen UniversityVästeråsSweden
| | - Cecilia Åslund
- Centre for Clinical ResearchRegion VästmanlandUppsala UniversityCounty HospitalVästeråsSweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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168
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Kochman M, Kasperek W, Guzik A, Drużbicki M. Body Composition and Physical Fitness: Does This Relationship Change in 4 Years in Young Adults? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031579. [PMID: 35162603 PMCID: PMC8835316 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: There are few studies investigating the relationship between physical fitness and body composition in young adults and, to our knowledge, there are no such reports focusing specifically on physiotherapy students. This observational study aimed to assess the relationship between physical fitness and selected anthropometric measurements as well as body composition in Polish students in the first year and in the final year of a university course in physiotherapy. (2) Methods: A group of 100 randomly selected individuals were recruited among first- and fifth-year students of physiotherapy (50% women), who were assigned to two groups: A (aged 19 years) and B (aged 23 years). Body composition was assessed using a Tanita TBF-300 Analyzer, and physical fitness was measured using Zuchora’s Physical Fitness Index. (3) Results: A higher level of general fitness was identified in students from Group B (p = 0.0261), and lower values of the fat mass index was found in Group A (p = 0.0441). Group A was found with correlations between general level of physical fitness and the following indexes: fat% (R = −0.4; p = 0.0018), FM (R = −0.3; p = 0.0310), FFM (R = 0.3; p = 0.0229) and TBW (R = 0.4; p = 0.0024), whereas Group B was found with correlations between general physical fitness and BMI (R = 0.3; p = 0.0308) as well as FM index (R = 0.3; p = 0.0431). (4) Conclusions: The findings show significant differences between the groups in physical fitness, body composition and selected anthropometric measurements. Older students presented higher level of general fitness, whereas younger students were found with a lower mean value of fat index.
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Lischka J, Schanzer A, Baumgartner M, de Gier C, Greber-Platzer S, Zeyda M. Tryptophan Metabolism Is Associated with BMI and Adipose Tissue Mass and Linked to Metabolic Disease in Pediatric Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020286. [PMID: 35057467 PMCID: PMC8781866 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic has contributed to an escalating prevalence of metabolic diseases in children. Overnutrition leads to increased tryptophan uptake and availability. An association between the induction of the tryptophan catabolic pathway via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and obesity-related inflammation has been observed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of pediatric obesity on tryptophan metabolism and the potential relationship with metabolic disease. In this prospective cohort study, plasma kynurenine, tryptophan, and serotonin levels were measured by ELISA, and IDO activity was estimated by calculating the kynurenine/tryptophan ratio in a clinically characterized population with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) aged 9 to 19 (n = 125). IDO activity and its product kynurenine correlated with BMI z-score and body fat mass, whereas concentrations of serotonin, the alternative tryptophan metabolite, negatively correlated with these measures of adiposity. Kynurenine and tryptophan, but not serotonin levels, were associated with disturbed glucose metabolism. Tryptophan concentrations negatively correlated with adiponectin and were significantly higher in prediabetes and metabolically unhealthy obesity. In conclusion, BMI and body fat mass were associated with increased tryptophan catabolism via the kynurenine pathway and decreased serotonin production in children and adolescents with severe obesity. The resulting elevated kynurenine levels may contribute to metabolic disease in obesity.
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170
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Liu J, Ma T, Chen M, Ma Y, Li Y, Gao D, Ma Q, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Song Y, Ma J. Prevalence and associated factors of metabolic body size phenotype in children and adolescents: A national cross-sectional analysis in China. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:952825. [PMID: 36093090 PMCID: PMC9452664 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.952825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) is a group of subjects with overweight/obesity who present a metabolically healthy profile; however, associated factors are complex and are far from completely understood. The aim of the current study was to estimate the prevalence of different metabolic body size phenotypes and investigate the associated factors in Chinese children and adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 12,346 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years from seven provinces in China in 2013. Anthropometric, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements were obtained. A multi-component questionnaire covering demographic, neonatal, and lifestyle characteristics was administered. The classification of metabolic body size phenotype based on three definitions was compared. With metabolically healthy with normal weight (MHNW) as a reference group, logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the potential effects of associated risk factors, with adjustment for age, sex, single-child status, and residence area. RESULTS The prevalence of MHNW, MHO, metabolically unhealthy with normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) phenotype was 68.6%, 2.0%, 26.4%, and 3.0%, respectively. There were 39.3% MHO and 60.7% MUO among obese participants and 72.2% MHNW and 27.8% MUNW among those with normal weight. Compared to cardiometabolic risk factor (CMRF) criteria and metabolic syndrome (MetS) component definition, the application of the 2018 consensus-based definition may identify more children with abnormal cardiovascular risks, independent of weight status. Compared to younger children, older-aged adolescents were positively associated with higher risks of MUNW (odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.27-1.50) and MUO (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.04-1.60), while factors positively associated with MHO were younger age, single-child status, urban residence, high birth weight, prolonged breastfeeding duration, parental overweight/obesity status, long screen time, and less physical activity. CONCLUSION There were still a high proportion of children and adolescents at high cardiometabolic risk in China. Our findings reinforce the need for cardiometabolic risk prevention in children and adolescents irrespective of their weight statuses, such as parental educational programs and healthy lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Liu
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Manman Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Di Gao
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhui Dong, ; Yi Song,
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhui Dong, ; Yi Song,
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
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171
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Individual and family characteristics associated with health indicators at entry into multidisciplinary pediatric weight management: findings from the CANadian Pediatric Weight management Registry (CANPWR). Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:85-94. [PMID: 34504287 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To explore individual and family characteristics related to anthropometric and cardiometabolic health indicators and (2) examine whether characteristics that correlate with cardiometabolic health indicators differ across severity of obesity at time of entry to Canadian pediatric weight management clinics. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2-17 year olds with overweight or obesity who registered in the CANadian Pediatric Weight Management Registry (CANPWR) between May 2013 and October 2017 prior to their first clinic visit. Individual modifiable health behaviors included dietary intake, physical activity, screen time, and sleep. Family characteristics included parental BMI, family medical history, socioeconomic status and family structure. Linear mixed effects stepwise regression analysis was performed to determine which characteristics were related to each health indicator: BMI z-score; waist circumference; waist to height ratio; blood pressure; glycemia; HDL cholesterol; non-HDL cholesterol; triglycerides. RESULTS This study included 1296 children (mean age ± standard deviation: 12.1 ± 3.5 years; BMI z-score: 3.55 ± 1.29; 95.3% with obesity). Hours spent sleeping (estimated β = -0.10; 95% CI [-0.15, -0.05], p = 0.0001), hours per week of organized physical activity (estimated β = -0.32; 95% CI [-0.53, -0.11], p = 0.0026), daily sugared drink intake (estimated β = 0.06; 95% CI [0.01, 0.10], p = 0.0136) and maternal BMI (estimated β = 0.03; 95% CI [0.02, 0.04], p < 0.0001) were associated with BMI z-score (adj. R2 = 0.2084), independent of other individual and family characteristics. Physical activity, total sugared drink intake and sleep duration were associated with glycemia and non-HDL cholesterol, independent of child BMI z-score. However, irrespective of obesity severity, little of the variance (0.86-11.1%) in cardiometabolic health indicators was explained by individual modifiable health behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity, total sugared drink intake and hours spent sleeping were related to anthropometric and some cardiometabolic health indicators in children entering pediatric weight management programs. This highlights the importance of these modifiable health behaviors on multiple health indicators in children with obesity.
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172
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Wu YX, Fan HL, Dai J, Wu HL, Yang JY, Wang Y, Tung TH, Wang LZ, Zhang MX. Analysis of association between eating behaviours and childhood obesity among pre-school children: A cross-sectional study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1073711. [PMID: 36683823 PMCID: PMC9852888 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1073711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a worldwide critical health concern. We aimed to clarify whether eating behaviours increased the risk of childhood obesity. METHODS We recruited 2,049 pre-school children aged 3-6 years between 1 December 2021 and 31 January 2022 in Taizhou, China. Children's weight status was classified according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria, and their eating behaviours were evaluated using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Correlation analyses, linear regressions, and one-way ANCOVA. were performed to analyse the association between children's eating behaviours and weight status. RESULTS In 'Food Avoidant' subscales, the scores of satiety responsiveness (P < 0.001) and slowness in eating (P = 0.001) were negatively associated with body mass index z score among pre-school children of both sexes. In 'Food Approach' subscales, the score of enjoyment of food was positively associated with body mass index z score in both boys (P = 0.007) and girls (P = 0.035), but the association of scores of food responsiveness with body mass index z score was found only in girls (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our results supported that pre-school children with low scores in 'Food Avoidant' subscales and high scores in 'Food Approach' scales were more likely to become obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Hai-Ling Fan
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jin Dai
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Luqiao Hospital, Taizhou Enze Medical Center, Luqiao, China
| | - Hui-Lan Wu
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Jing-Yun Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Li-Zhen Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Mei-Xian Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China.,Evidence-based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
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Busnatu SS, Serbanoiu LI, Lacraru AE, Andrei CL, Jercalau CE, Stoian M, Stoian A. Effects of Exercise in Improving Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10010082. [PMID: 35052246 PMCID: PMC8775269 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effects of exercise in improving cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight children and adolescents until the adolescent age, which is 18 years. A systemic search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, from inception to 29 June 2021. All statistical analyses were conducted in Review Manager 5.4.1. All studies meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. A random-effect model was used to pool the studies, and the results are reported in the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% Confidence interval (CI). Twelve randomized control trials were selected for meta-analysis. Significant results were obtained for BMI in children after the interventions (0.38 95% CI 0.14, 0.62; p = 0.002; I2 = 65%). LDL level was also found significantly reduced (0.41 95% CI 0.01, 0.82; p = 0.05; I2 = 83%). Other factors such as HDL level, blood pressure, blood glucose level, body weight, and waist circumference were also analyzed. We found that exercise interventions significantly improved several cardiometabolic risk factors such as BMI, LDL level, BP, and blood glucose level. However, no significant effect on HDL concentration, waist circumference, and body weight were found. Long-term interventions are needed to attain improvement in all cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Liviu Ionut Serbanoiu
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Andreea Elena Lacraru
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Catalina Liliana Andrei
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Cosmina Elena Jercalau
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Marilena Stoian
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Anca Stoian
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Emergency Hospital “Bagdasar-Arseni”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (S.S.B.); (A.E.L.); (C.L.A.); (C.E.J.); (M.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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174
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Wang J, Lin H, Chiavaroli V, Jin B, Yuan J, Huang K, Wu W, Dong G, Derraik JGB, Fu J. High Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Comorbidities Among Children and Adolescents With Severe Obesity From a Large Metropolitan Centre (Hangzhou, China). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:807380. [PMID: 35663319 PMCID: PMC9160715 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.807380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of children and adolescents with obesity, and the prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities over 10 years in this population from a large metropolitan centre in China. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study (2008-2017) of patients aged <18 years with obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile for age and sex] enrolled at the Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). Clinical assessments included anthropometry, blood pressure, liver ultrasound, lipid profile, oral glucose tolerance test, and uric acid. For examination of outcomes, our study cohort was stratified by sex and age bands (<10 vs. ≥10 years), with the study period also split into two strata (2008-2012 and 2013-2017). RESULTS A total of 2,916 patients (1,954 boys and 962 girls) were assessed at a mean age of 10.5 years. Patients almost invariably presented severe obesity (median BMI SDS = 2.98; Q1 = 2.60, Q3 = 3.39). Obesity-related comorbidities were common among boys and girls, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (2.6% and 3.6%, respectively), abnormal glycaemia (33.6% and 35.5%, respectively), hypertension (33.9% and 32.0%, respectively), dyslipidaemia (35.2% and 39.6%, respectively), hyperuricaemia (16.2% and 8.3%, respectively), acanthosis nigricans (71.9% and 64.0%, respectively), abnormal liver function (66.9% and 47.0%, respectively), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (63.8% and 45.1%, respectively); 38.7% of boys and 44.4% of girls aged ≥10 years had metabolic syndrome. Notably, the incidence of many cardiometabolic comorbidities was in 2013-2017 compared to 2008-2012. For example, rates of hypertension among boys aged <10 years and aged ≥10 years rose from 28.4% and 26.5% to 48.0% and 35.8%, respectively, and in girls from 20.3% and 20.8% to 41.7% and 39.6%, respectively. In 2013-2017, 9.5% of girls in the older group had metabolic syndrome compared to 2.2% in 2008-2013. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high incidence of obesity-related cardiometabolic comorbidities among Chinese children and adolescents with severe obesity over 10 years. It was particularly concerning that rates of several comorbidities rose markedly over the study period, highlighting the need to address the obesity epidemic early in life (in China and elsewhere) to prevent the development of obesity-related comorbidities and, subsequently, of overt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Valentina Chiavaroli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Pescara Public Hospital, Pescara, Italy
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Binghan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinna Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - José G. B. Derraik
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Non-Communicable Diseases Research Group, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Junfen Fu, ; José G. B. Derraik,
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Junfen Fu, ; José G. B. Derraik,
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175
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Wang L, Xu H, Tan B, Yi Q, Liu H, Deng H, Chen Y, Wang R, Tian J, Zhu J. Gut microbiota and its derived SCFAs regulate the HPGA to reverse obesity-induced precocious puberty in female rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1051797. [PMID: 36568086 PMCID: PMC9782419 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1051797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota and its derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can reverse obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases, but whether it has an effect on obesity complicated by precocious puberty and its potential mechanism need to be further understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the gut microbiota and its derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on obesity-induced precocious puberty rats and their regulatory mechanisms. We constructed obesity-induced precocious puberty rats using a high-fat diet (HFD) had notable similarity to precocious puberty caused by obesity due to overeating in children. We then added acetate, propionate, butyrate or their mixture to the HFD, and investigated the effect of intestinal microbiota and its derived SCFAs on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) in rats with obesity-induced precocious puberty. We found that obesity-induced precocious puberty rats had an early first estrous cycle, increased hypothalamic mRNA expression of Kiss1, GPR54 and GnRH, and early gonadal maturation. Meanwhile, the intestinal microbiota imbalance and the main SCFAs production decreased in the colon. The addition of acetate, propionate, butyrate or their mixture to the HFD could significantly reverse the precocious puberty of rats, reduce GnRH release from the hypothalamus and delay the development of the gonadal axis through the Kiss1-GPR54-PKC-ERK1/2 pathway. Our findings suggest that gut microbiota-derived SCFAs are promising therapeutic means for the prevention of obesity-induced precocious puberty and provide new therapeutic strategies with clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongrong Deng
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Zhu,
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Cesa CC, Molino GOG, Lima J, Pereira RB, Eibel B, Barbiero SM, Schaan BD, Pellanda LC. Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children: a Meta-Analysis Update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.36660/ijcs.20210137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Racial differences in psychological stress and insulin sensitivity in non-Hispanic Black and White adolescents with overweight/obesity. Physiol Behav 2021; 245:113672. [PMID: 34902427 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Racial differences in type 2 diabetes risk persist among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adolescents with overweight/obesity; however, the role of psychological stress in this disparity is less clear. PURPOSE To examine racial differences in the association between psychological stress, insulin sensitivity (Si), acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), and disposition index (DI) among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adolescents with overweight/obesity. METHODS Ninety-six adolescents (60% female; 51% non-Hispanic Black; 16.6 ± 1.8 years of age) with overweight/obesity (BMI percentile ≥ 85th percentile) were included in this analysis. Psychological stress was assessed using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale. Glucose and insulin data from an intravenous glucose tolerance test was modeled to obtain Si, AIRg, and DI. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association between race, psychological stress and metabolic outcomes (Si, AIRg, and DI). RESULTS Race was a significant predictor of log-AIRg and log-DI (ps < 0.05) independent of all covariates in the main effect models. Lower Si (pinteraction = 0.014) and DI (pinteraction = 0.012) was also observed among Black adolescents who reported higher stress levels, whereas higher Si and DI was observed among non-Hispanic White adolescents reporting higher stress in the race interaction models. Race however, did not moderate the association between psychological stress and AIRg (p > 0.05), nor was stress associated with Si, AIRg, or DI ("p" "s" > 0.05) across all other models. CONCLUSIONS Psychological stress may play an important and distinct role in shaping racial differences in type 2 diabetes risk among adolescents with overweight/obesity. Additional research is needed to understand the long-term effects of psychological stress on metabolic health among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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178
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Zou XL, Wang S, Wang LY, Xiao LX, Yao TX, Zeng Y, Zhang L. Childhood Obesity and Risk of Stroke: A Mendelian Randomisation Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:727475. [PMID: 34868204 PMCID: PMC8638161 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.727475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The causal relationship between childhood obesity and stroke remains unclear. Our objective was to elucidate the causal relationship between childhood obesity and the risk of stroke and its subtypes by performing Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses. Methods: Genetic instruments for childhood obesity were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 13,848 European participants. Summary level data for stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, ischaemic stroke (IS), and its subtypes were evaluated using the MEGASTROKE GWAS dataset, which included 446,696 European adults. Inverse-variance weighting, weighted-median analysis, MR-Egger regression, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test (MR-PRESSO), and MR-Robust Adjusted Profile Score were applied in this MR analysis. The leave-one-out sensitivity test, MR-PRESSO Global test, and Cochran’s Q test were conducted to confirm the accuracy and robustness of our results. Results: Genetic evaluations revealed that childhood obesity was associated with a higher risk of stroke (OR = 1.04, 95%CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.005) and IS (OR = 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02–1.08, p = 0.003), but not with intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH, OR = 0.93, 95%CI: 0.80–1.09, p = 0.39). In the subtype analysis, childhood obesity was also associated with large artery stroke (LAS, OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.02–1.22, p = 0.016) but not with cardioembolic stroke (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.96–1.18, p = 0.21) and small vessel stroke (OR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.98–1.15, p = 0.17). These results were stable in the sensitivity analysis and remained significant after Bonferroni correction. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that childhood obesity is associated with a higher risk of stroke, IS, and LAS. The prevention of stroke, especially IS and LAS, should be promoted in populations with childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lun Zou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei-Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin-Xiao Xiao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian-Xing Yao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Department of Geriatrics, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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179
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Niu Y, Tang Q, Zhao X, Zhao X, Mao X, Sheng J, Cai W, Feng Y. Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance Is Mediated by High Uric Acid in Obese Children and Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:773820. [PMID: 34925239 PMCID: PMC8678632 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate whether serum uric acid (SUA) plays a mediating role in the development of insulin resistance (IR) in obese children and adolescents. Methods A total of 369 participants aged 4-17 years with obesity who attended the Nutrition Outpatient Clinic for Obesity at Xinhua Hospital from January 2012 to January 2019 were recruited for this retrospective study. We classified participants into two groups on the basis of HOMA-IR values: the low HOMA-IR group (< 3.16) (n = 222) and the high HOMA-IR group (≥ 3.16) (n = 147). Results The univariate analysis found that the high HOMA-IR group had higher BMI, SUA, and fasting insulin (FINS) (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis and mediating effect analysis indicated that body mass index (BMI) could directly regulate FINS and HOMA-IR (both P < 0.05). The results from the mediating effect analysis found that UA partially played an indirect role in the link between BMI, FINS and HOMA-IR (both P < 0.05) but had no effect on fasting blood glucose (P > 0.05). Conclusions SUA should be investigated in obesity and plays a partial mediating role in insulin resistance induced by obesity in obese children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Niu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingya Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuelin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Mao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinye Sheng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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180
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Laforest ME, Ward S, Landry LA, Mobetty F. The Relationship Between Paternal Preconception Obesity and Health Behaviors and Childhood Obesity: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e31254. [PMID: 34860672 PMCID: PMC8686461 DOI: 10.2196/31254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is a global public health concern and is a priority for researchers and policy makers. To overcome the epidemic of obesity, influencing factors throughout the life span need to be addressed, including those in the preconception period. A better understanding of the association between paternal preconception factors and childhood obesity is important for public health interventions. Objective This systematic review will examine the relationship between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviors and their offspring’s overweight or obesity. Methods Peer-reviewed quantitative studies and grey literature that report associations between paternal preconception obesity and health behaviors—such as smoking, exercise, and eating habits—and childhood overweight and obesity will be identified through a computerized literature search in 7 databases. The quality of each study will be assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Characteristics of the included studies will be reported, and relevant findings from each paternal preconception exposure will be narratively synthesized. This review will follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. Results This systematic review is anticipated to begin in December 2021 and be completed by the end of August 2022. Conclusions This systematic review will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between preconception paternal exposures and their offspring’s overweight or obesity. Findings will help support health professionals working with prospective parents to educate fathers on the benefits of improving their weight and health behaviors during the preconception period. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/31254
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Laforest
- École de Science Infirmière, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et des Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Stephanie Ward
- École des Sciences des Aliments, de Nutrition et d'Etudes Familiales, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et des Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, Canada
| | - Liette-Andrée Landry
- École de Science Infirmière, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé et des Services Communautaires, Université de Moncton, Campus de Shippagan, Shippagan, NB, Canada
| | - Fabrice Mobetty
- Département de Nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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181
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Lee J, Kim JH. Endocrine comorbidities of pediatric obesity. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:619-627. [PMID: 34445852 PMCID: PMC8650822 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2021.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity has become a serious public health issue. The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased worldwide and in Korea over several decades. Obese children are more likely to be obese adults with an increased cardiovascular risk. Therefore, maintaining a healthy weight and preventing obesity during childhood are of critical importance. Moreover, obese children and adolescents often have endocrine comorbidities such as prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and central precocious puberty. Hence, the early implementation of obesity management using a multidisciplinary team approach and screening for these comorbidities in obese children and adolescents are required with the appropriate management of each comorbidity and/or specialist referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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182
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Qaisar R, Karim A. BMI status relative to international and national growth references among Pakistani school-age girls. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:535. [PMID: 34852819 PMCID: PMC8638413 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-03017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A sizable proportion of school-going children from developing countries has abnormal growth parameters, often not standardized with international reference values. We aimed to assess the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in the schoolgirls of Punjab according to international and local references. Methods In this population-based cross-sectional study, 10,050 school-going girls aged 8–16 years from 12 districts of northern, central, and southern Punjab were recruited. Estimates of normal weight, underweight, overweight and obesity were calculated in the girls according to three international BMI references including centers for disease control (CDC) 2000, the international obesity task force (IOTF) 2012 and world health organisation (WHO) 2007 in addition to a local reference for the population under study. We used Cohen’s kappa statistics to analyse the agreement of our data with reference values. Results There was marked overestimation of underweight (23.9%, 14.5%, 15.2% and 4.37%), slight underestimation of overweight (5.3%, 7.3%, 7.9% and 8.97%) and moderate underestimation of obesity (1.9%, 1.5%, 2.2% and 5.67%) according to CDC, IOTF, WHO and local reference, respectively. When the weight status of the study cohort was compared with the local data, we found comparable results in all four weight categories. Conclusion We recommend population-wide further studies to estimate the prevalence of weight status in school-age girls for devising appropriate references and for planning strategies for public health policy and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Asima Karim
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE. .,Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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183
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Ramos-Álvarez O, Arufe-Giráldez V, Cantarero-Prieto D, Ibáñez-García A. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Lockdown on Anthropometric Parameters in Children 11/12 Years Old. Nutrients 2021; 13:4174. [PMID: 34836427 PMCID: PMC8623469 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the great lockdown in Spain due to SARS-CoV-2, in between the months of March and June 2020, dietary and physical activity habits were modified in children. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the lockdown on anthropometric parameters in children aged 11/12 years. METHODS Fifty Spanish children aged 11/12 years (M = 11.40; SD = 0.50) participated: 33 (66%) boys and 17 (34%) girls. For data collection, we used an anthropometry kit; the Alpha-Fitness Battery, a validated instrument to assess dietary intake, habits and practices; and an ad hoc survey to collect sociodemographic and other data under investigation. RESULTS There were significant differences in the anthropometric parameters measured and in the results obtained for Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage pre- and post-lockdown in both boys and girls (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in waist-circumference measurements (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is evidence of a significant impact of the SARS-CoV-2 lockdown on anthropometric parameters in boys and girls aged 11/12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ramos-Álvarez
- Education Faculty, Elviña University Campus, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
- Education Faculty, Physical Education and Sport Area, Interfacultative Building, University of Cantabria, 52 De los Castros Ave, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Arufe-Giráldez
- Research Unit of School Sports, Physical Education and Psychomotricity (UNIDEF), Specific Didactics Department, Research and Diagnostic Methods in Education, Education Faculty, Elviña University Campus, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - David Cantarero-Prieto
- Department of Economics, University of Cantabria, 62A De los Castros Ave, 39006 Santander, Spain;
- Health Economics and Health Services Management Research Group, IDIVAL Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain;
| | - Alba Ibáñez-García
- Health Economics and Health Services Management Research Group, IDIVAL Valdecilla, 39011 Santander, Spain;
- Education Faculty, Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatments Area, Interfacultative Building, University of Cantabria, 52 De los Castros Ave, 39005 Santander, Spain
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184
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Lieu CV, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Mechanisms Driving Palmitate-Mediated Neuronal Dysregulation in the Hypothalamus. Cells 2021; 10:3120. [PMID: 34831343 PMCID: PMC8617942 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus maintains whole-body homeostasis by integrating information from circulating hormones, nutrients and signaling molecules. Distinct neuronal subpopulations that express and secrete unique neuropeptides execute the individual functions of the hypothalamus, including, but not limited to, the regulation of energy homeostasis, reproduction and circadian rhythms. Alterations at the hypothalamic level can lead to a myriad of diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and infertility. The excessive consumption of saturated fatty acids can induce neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and resistance to peripheral signals, ultimately leading to hyperphagia, obesity, impaired reproductive function and disturbed circadian rhythms. This review focuses on the how the changes in the underlying molecular mechanisms caused by palmitate exposure, the most commonly consumed saturated fatty acid, and the potential involvement of microRNAs, a class of non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, can result in detrimental alterations in protein expression and content. Studying the involvement of microRNAs in hypothalamic function holds immense potential, as these molecular markers are quickly proving to be valuable tools in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin V. Lieu
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
| | - Denise D. Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building 3247A, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (C.V.L.); (N.L.)
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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185
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Pan S, Chen Y, Zhang L, Liu Z, Xu X, Xing H. Curcumin represses lipid accumulation through inhibiting ERK1/2-PPAR-γ signaling pathway and triggering apoptosis in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:763-777. [PMID: 34727633 PMCID: PMC9065776 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes results in prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Curcumin (CUR), a naturally phenolic active ingredient, has been shown to have lipid-lowering effects. However, its underlying mechanisms have remained largely unknown. Therefore, the study aims to determine the effect of CUR on cellular lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous preadipocytes (PSPA) and to clarify novel mechanisms. Methods The PSPA were cultured and treated with or without CUR. Both cell counting Kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to examine cytotoxicity. Intracellular lipid contents were measured by oil-red-o staining extraction and triglyceride quantification. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labelling assay. Adipogenic and apoptosis genes were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Results The CUR dose-dependently reduced the proliferation and lipid accumulation of PSPA. Noncytotoxic doses of CUR (10 to 20 μM) significantly inhibited extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation and expression of adipogenic genes peroxisome proliferation-activity receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, adipocyte protein-2, glucose transporter-4 as well as key lipogenic enzymes fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, while ERK1/2 activation significantly reversed CUR-reduced lipid accumulation by increasing PPAR-γ. Furthermore, compared with differentiation induced media treated cells, higher dose of CUR (30 μM) significantly decreased the expression of AKT and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), while increased the expression of BCL-2-associated X (BAX) and the BAX/BCL-2 expression ratio, suggesting triggered apoptosis by inactivating AKT and increasing BAX/BCL-2 ratio and Caspase-3 expression. Moreover, AKT activation significantly rescued CUR inhibiting lipid accumulation via repressing apoptosis. Conclusion These results demonstrate that CUR is capable of suppressing differentiation by inhibiting ERK1/2-PPAR-γ signaling pathway and triggering apoptosis via decreasing AKT and subsequently increasing BAX/BCL-2 ratio and Caspase-3, suggesting that CUR provides an important method for the reduction of porcine body fat, as well as the prevention and treatment of human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, 99163, WA, USA
| | - Yongfang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Xingyu Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hua Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
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186
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Hu J, Liu J, Wang J, Shen M, Ge W, Shen H, Zhang T, Yang H, Yin J. Unfavorable progression of obesity in children and adolescents due to COVID-19 pandemic: A school-based survey in China. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1907-1915. [PMID: 34582110 PMCID: PMC8661564 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Chinese government decisively imposed nationwide confinement in response to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the progression of obesity in children and adolescents in Changshu, China. METHODS Based on the Health Promotion Program for Children and Adolescents (HPPCA), which is a prospective cross-sectional and school-based study, BMI assessed in seven consecutive years (2014 to 2020) among children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years in Changshu city was extracted. The standardized BMI z scores (zBMI) and prevalence of obesity between 2020 (after COVID-19 home confinement) and the previous 6 years were compared among age-specific subgroups and between sexes. RESULTS The mean number of participants per year was 29,648. The overall mean zBMI drastically increased from 0.29 in 2019 to 0.45 in 2020, resulting in a rise of 0.16 (95% CI: 0.14-0.18); the prevalence of obesity substantially elevated to 12.77% in 2020 (versus 10.38% in 2017), with an acceleration of 2.39% (95% CI: 1.88%-2.90%). Of note, these increases were more likely to be observed in boys and those 6 to 11 years old. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to exacerbate the obesity epidemic among pediatric populations in Changshu, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hu
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Jieyu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
- Institute of Child and Adolescent HealthSchool of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
- Department of EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanChina
| | - Mingzhu Shen
- Changshu Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Wenxin Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Hui Shen
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Tian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Haibing Yang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Prevention and ControlSuzhou, JiangsuChina
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSchool of Public HealthMedical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, JiangsuChina
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187
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Cord Blood Metabolome and BMI Trajectory from Birth to Adolescence: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study on Early Life Biomarkers of Persistent Obesity. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110739. [PMID: 34822398 PMCID: PMC8625562 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition on the role of early life metabolic programming in childhood obesity. This study sought to investigate whether newborn cord blood metabolome can predict future BMI. It included 946 children in the Boston Birth Cohort, a sample of high-risk yet understudied US urban, low-income, predominantly Black and Hispanic children, who were enrolled at birth and followed prospectively up to age 18 years. A total of 376 metabolites were measured in cord blood plasma. Longitudinal BMI trajectories were defined and categorized into three distinct patterns: early onset overweight and obesity (early-OWO), late onset OWO (late-OWO), and normal weight trajectory (NW). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to identify metabolites individually or as network modules associated with BMI trajectories. Of the 946 children, 388, 254, and 304 were classified as early-OWO, late-OWO, and NW, respectively. Of the seven co-metabolomic network modules defined, two were inversely correlated with early-OWO. Among the 68 metabolites within the two modules, 22 triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols were negatively associated with early-OWO; 5 cholesterol esters were positively associated with early-OWO. In this prospective birth cohort, we demonstrated distinctive longitudinal BMI trajectories and identified multiple cord plasma metabolites in relevant biological pathways that were associated with early-OWO.
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188
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Lee H, La IS. Latent Class Analysis of Obesogenic Behaviors among Korean Adolescents: Associations with Weight-Related Outcomes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111059. [PMID: 34769578 PMCID: PMC8583616 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore sex-specific latent class models of adolescent obesogenic behaviors (OBs), predictors of latent class membership (LCM), and associations between LCM and weight-related outcomes (i.e., weight status and unhealthy weight control behaviors). We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey. To identify latent classes for boys (n = 29,841) and girls (n = 27,462), we conducted a multiple-group latent class analysis using eight OBs (e.g., breakfast skipping, physical activity, and tobacco product use). Moreover, we performed a multinomial logistic regression analysis and a three-step method to examine associations of LCM with predictors and weight-related outcomes. Among both sexes, the 3-class models best fit the data: (a) mostly healthy behavior class, (b) poor dietary habits and high Internet use class, and (c) poor dietary habits and substance use class. School year, residential area, academic performance, and psychological status predicted the LCM for both sexes. In addition, perceived economic status predicted the LCM for girls. The distribution of weight-related outcomes differed across sex-specific classes. Our findings highlight the importance of developing obesity prevention and treatment interventions tailored to each homogeneous pattern of adolescent OBs, considering differences in their associations with predictors and weight-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haein Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - In-Seo La
- College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0883
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189
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Educational Intervention of Healthy Life Promotion for Children with a Migrant Background or at Socioeconomic Disadvantage in the North of Italy: Efficacy of Telematic Tools in Improving Nutritional and Physical Activity Knowledge. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103634. [PMID: 34684634 PMCID: PMC8540523 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the "Smuovi La Salute" ("Shake Your Health") project was to implement an integrated and comprehensive model to prevent and treat overweight and obesity in low socioeconomic status (SES) and minority groups living in three different districts in the north of Italy. An app and a cookbook promoting transcultural nutrition and a healthy lifestyle were developed, and no-cost physical activities were organized. Healthy lifestyle teaching was implemented in 30 primary school classrooms. Learning was assessed through pre- and post-intervention questionnaires. At the Obesity Pediatric Clinic, overweight and obese children of migrant background or low SES were trained on transcultural nutrition and invited to participate in the project. Primary school students increased their knowledge about healthy nutrition and the importance of physical activity (p-value < 0.001). At the Obesity Pediatric Clinic, after 6 months, pre-post-intervention variation in their consumption of vegetables and fruit was +14% (p < 0.0001) and no variation in physical activity habits occurred (p = 0.34). In this group, the BMI z-score was not significantly decreased (-0.17 ± 0.63, p= 0.15). This study demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of telematic tools and targeted community approaches in improving students' knowledge with regard to healthy lifestyle, particularly in schools in suburbs with a high density of migrants and SES families. Comprehensive and integrated approaches provided to the obese patients remain mostly ineffective.
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190
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Nussbaum BM, Mathew MS, Atem F, Barlow SE, Gupta OT, Messiah SE. Distribution of comorbidities as primary diagnoses by obesity class among patients in a large US paediatric healthcare system. Clin Obes 2021; 11:e12478. [PMID: 34250735 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is little documentation of the distribution of specific health conditions across obesity classes (I, II, III), especially for paediatric populations who are seen for routine care in large United States US healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to assess the odds of presenting ≥2 obesity-related comorbidities as well as assess the overall distribution of these co-morbidities in children by class I/II/III obesity status controlling for key sociodemographic characteristics. This retrospective (2015-2019) electronic health record review analysed 49 276 patients from the Children's Health System of Texas diagnosed with obesity-related health conditions by obesity status (no obesity, class I, II, III). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models examined the association between obesity class and the likelihood of ≥2 comorbidities as primary diagnoses. Patients with class I obesity were 22% more likely (OR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.16, 1.27), patients with class II obesity were almost 50% more likely (OR 1.44, 95% CI, 1.35, 1.53) and those with class III obesity twice as likely (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.91, 2.18) to be diagnosed with ≥2 comorbidities as primary diagnoses, compared with patients classified with no obesity. Children with obesity, particularly severe obesity, should be monitored closely by paediatricians for possible diagnoses of risk factors that could lead to adult chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Nussbaum
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew Sunil Mathew
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Folefac Atem
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah E Barlow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Olga T Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, UTHealth School of Public Health, Children's Health System of Texas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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191
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Lin L, Qin K, Chen D, Lu C, Chen W, Guo VY. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2695-2703. [PMID: 34101251 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search for original studies assessing the associations between obesity and telomere length in children. Fixed or random effects with inverse-variance meta-analysis were used to estimate the standardised mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) between overweight or obese and normal-weight children. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and meta-regression analyses were used to evaluate the potential source of heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis was further conducted by sex. RESULTS A total of 11 studies were included. The meta-analysis showed that children who were overweight or obese had shorter telomere length than normal-weight children (SMD: -0.85; 95% CI: -1.42 to -0.28; p < 0.01). However, significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 97%; p < 0.01). Study design, methods used for measuring telomere length, tissue types, mean age, and percentage of boys were not the source of heterogeneity revealed by meta-regression analysis. The inverse trend was significant only in boys, but not in girls. CONCLUSION There was a negative association between paediatric obesity and telomere length. Weight control in children might have beneficial effect on telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Dezhong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Weiqing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Vivian Yawei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou Guangdong China
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192
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Ahmad S, Lyngman LK, Mansouryar M, Dhakal R, Agerholm JS, Khanal P, Nielsen MO. Depot and sex-specific implications for adipose tissue expandability and functional traits in adulthood of late prenatal and early postnatal malnutrition in a precocial sheep model. Physiol Rep 2021; 8:e14600. [PMID: 33038074 PMCID: PMC7547587 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim was to investigate long‐term, tissue and sex‐specific impacts of pre and postnatal malnutrition on expandability and functional traits of different adipose tissues. Twin‐pregnant ewes were fed NORM (~requirements), LOW (50% of NORM) or HIGH (150%/110% of energy/protein) diets the last 6 weeks prepartum (term ~147‐days). Lambs received moderate, low‐fat (CONV) or high‐carbohydrate‐high‐fat (HCHF) diets from 3 days until 6 months of age, and thereafter CONV diet. At 2½ years of age (adulthood), histomorphometric and gene expression patterns were characterized in subcutaneous (SUB), perirenal (PER), mesenteric (MES), and epicardial (EPI) adipose tissues. SUB had sex‐specific (♂<♀) upper‐limits for adipocyte size and cell‐number indices, irrespective of early life nutrition. PER mass and contents of adipocytes were highest in females and HIGH♂, whereas adipocyte cross‐sectional area was lowest in LOW♂. Pre/postnatal nutrition affected gene expression sex‐specifically in SUB + PER, but unrelated to morphological changes. In PER, LOW/LOW♂ were specific targets of gene expression changes. EPI was affected by postnatal nutrition, and HCHF sheep had enlarged adipocytes and upregulated expressions for adipogenic and lipogenic genes. Conclusion: upper‐limits for SUB expandability were markedly lower in males. Major targets for prenatal malnutrition were PER and males. LOW♂ had the lowest PER expandability, whereas HIGH♂ had an adaptive advantage due to increased hypertrophic ability equivalent to females. Fixed expandability in SUB meant PER became a determining factor for MES and ectopic fat deposition, rendering LOW♂ particularly predisposed for obesity‐associated metabolic risks. EPI, in contrast to other tissues, was targeted particularly by early postnatal obesity, resulting in adipocyte hypertrophy in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Ahmad
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lise Kirstine Lyngman
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Morteza Mansouryar
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Rajan Dhakal
- Section of Production, Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Steen Agerholm
- Section for Reproduction and Obstetrics, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Prabhat Khanal
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Division for Animal science, Production and Welfare, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Mette Olaf Nielsen
- Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
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193
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Sánchez-Hernando B, Antón-Solanas I, Juárez-Vela R, Gea-Caballero V, Carboneres-Tafaner MI, Ferrer-Gracia E, Gállego-Diéguez J, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Gasch-Gallén Á. Healthy Lifestyle and Academic Performance in Middle School Students from the Region of Aragón (Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8624. [PMID: 34444372 PMCID: PMC8393534 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A healthy lifestyle is important to the present and future development and health of school age people. This study aims to analyze the relationship between daily lifestyle habits and academic performance in a sample of adolescents from the autonomous community of Aragon (Spain). We performed a cross-sectional study to analyze the lifestyle habits and academic performance of a total of 1745 7th and 8th grade middle school students during the academic year 2018-2019; the participants were selected from a random sample of 43 middle schools from the region of Aragon. The following data were collected through an anonymized, previously validated questionnaire: diet, sleep, physical activity, use of screens, use of toxic substances, and academic performance. We found a statistically significant association between all the lifestyle habits analyzed and academic performance (p < 0.001) in our sample. Based on our findings, we suggest that health promotion and education in healthy lifestyles should be integrated in middle school curricula to improve academic performance and, more importantly, to promote both present and future health outcomes of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Hernando
- Health Center “Amparo Poch”, Aragón Health Care System ( SALUD), C/Emilia Pardo Bazán, s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Nursing Research Group in Primary Care of Aragon (GIIS094-GENIAPA), Aragón Health Research Institute, Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (Á.G.-G.)
| | - Isabel Antón-Solanas
- Nursing Research Group in Primary Care of Aragon (GIIS094-GENIAPA), Aragón Health Research Institute, Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (Á.G.-G.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- Department of Nursing, Biomedical Research of La Rioja, University of La Rioja, CIBIR C/Duquesa de la Victoria 88, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain;
| | - Vicente Gea-Caballero
- Nursing School La Fe, Adscript Center of Universidad de Valencia, Research Group GREIACC, Health Research Institute La Fe, Avda. Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Ferrer-Gracia
- Health Promotion Section, General Direction of Public Health, Government of Aragon, Vía Universitas 36, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Javier Gállego-Diéguez
- Head of the Information, Transparency and Participation Service, Health Department, Government of Aragon, Vía Universitas 36, 50017 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Iván Santolalla-Arnedo
- Department of Nursing, Biomedical Research of La Rioja, University of La Rioja, CIBIR C/Duquesa de la Victoria 88, 26004 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain;
| | - Ángel Gasch-Gallén
- Nursing Research Group in Primary Care of Aragon (GIIS094-GENIAPA), Aragón Health Research Institute, Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.A.-S.); (Á.G.-G.)
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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194
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Time trends of overweight and obesity among schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007-2019): repeated cross-sectional study. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5318-5328. [PMID: 34342262 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine age-specific trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren in Kuwait over a 13-year period (2007 to 2019) using the WHO, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) definitions. DESIGN Using cross-sectional approach, Kuwait Nutrition Surveillance System (KNSS) objectively measured weight and height of schoolchildren over a 13-year period. Log-binomial regression models were used to examine age-specific trends of obesity and overweight over the study period. SETTING Public primary, middle and high schools in all provinces of Kuwait. PARTICIPANTS Schoolchildren aged 5-19 years (n 172 603). RESULTS According to the WHO definition, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in schoolchildren, respectively, increased from 17·73 % and 21·37 % in 2007 to 20·19 % and 28·39 % in 2019 (Pfor trend < 0·001). There is evidence that the obesity in females (but not males) has levelled off in the period 2014-2019 according to the three definitions of obesity, which is corroborated by a similar trend in the mean of BMI-for-age Z-score. CONCLUSION The prevalence of obesity and overweight in schoolchildren in Kuwait has risen over the last 13 years and trends are similar across all definitions. Obesity is no longer increasing at the same pace and there is evidence that the prevalence of obesity in females has plateaued. The current level of childhood overweight and obesity is too high and requires community-based and school-based interventions.
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195
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Stress Management as an Effective Complementary Therapeutic Strategy for Weight Loss in Children and Adolescents with Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080670. [PMID: 34438561 PMCID: PMC8391124 DOI: 10.3390/children8080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle intervention programs, including mindfulness and stress management/emotional control training techniques have been infrequently studied in children. The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether implementing stress management/emotional control training strategies in the context of a body weight loss program in children and adolescents is associated with improved body weight outcome in this age group. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies published before 31 December 2020 in the following databases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on mindfulness or stress management in children and adolescents with obesity were included in this systematic review. Six RCTs fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and included intervention (112 subjects) and control (137 subjects) groups. The interventions used were Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction therapy for 8 weeks (three studies), a mindfulness-based group program for adolescents (one study), and Mindful Eating Intervention for 6 weeks (one study) and 10 weeks (one study). The intervention group demonstrated reduced adiposity markers as compared to controls in four of the six included studies. The presented studies support the hypothesis that a structured, mindfulness-based intervention program may lead to a decrease in the biomarkers of obesity.
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196
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Uribe ALM, Rudt HG, Leak TM. Stakeholders' Views on Mobile Applications to Deliver Infant and Toddler Feeding Education to Latina Mothers of Low Socioeconomic Status. Nutrients 2021; 13:2569. [PMID: 34444738 PMCID: PMC8398137 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant- and toddler-feeding (ITF) practices are critical to long-term health and chronic disease prevention. Using mobile applications (apps) to promote desirable ITF practices shows promise for overcoming challenges of in-person education. However, the viability of ITF apps for Latina mothers of low-socioeconomic status (SES) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize stakeholders' views on Latina mothers' capability, motivation, and barriers to using ITF apps. New York City-based health professionals who frequently engage with Latina mothers of low SES completed in-depth interviews. Directed content analysis was used to identify themes through theoretical and inductive codes. Participants included dietitians, nutrition educators, and physicians (n = 17). The following themes were identified: (1) Most Latina mothers of low-SES are tech-savvy (i.e., high capability and experience using smartphones and apps); (2) Apps are an appealing way to deliver ITF education; (3) There are challenges to using apps that must be carefully considered for ITF education development. Overall, ITF apps are a viable option as skills and use appear high among Latina mothers. Key considerations for app development include targeted app promotion; detailed instructions for obtaining and using app; more visuals, less text for low literacy and multiple dialects; making key features available offline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L. MacMillan Uribe
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, 244 Garden Avenue, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (H.G.R.); (T.M.L.)
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Hernandez-Martin A, Garcia-Unanue J, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Manzano-Carrasco S, Felipe JL, Carvalho MJ, Gallardo L, Sanchez-Sanchez J. The Effects of Football Practice on Nutritional Status and Body Composition in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:2562. [PMID: 34444722 PMCID: PMC8401613 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns, exercise, sport, and physical activity have been shown to improve body composition in children. This systematic review with meta-analysis analyzed the effects of practicing football on body composition (fat mass, lean body mass, and bone mineral content) in children. An initial search in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus was carried out in April 2021 to identify relevant articles. Inclusion criteria required children up to 12 years of age with a minimum football intervention duration of 10 weeks. Methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Between the 1803 articles originally founded, only 14 articles were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 1643 subjects between the 14 studies were identified. The review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and used Review Manager and Full Meta-Analysis software. The results between the control and experimental groups showed significantly better lean body mass and fat mass values in the experimental group (p < 0.05). Football practice was positively associated with increases in lean body mass (mean difference of 1.55; 95% CI, 0.96, 2.15), decreases in fat mass (mean difference of -0.81; 95% CI, -1.49, -0.13), and increases in whole body bone mineral content (mean difference of 117.68; 95% CI, 83.69, 151.67). In conclusion, the results of this systematic review with meta-analysis suggest that football positively affects body composition in children. However, further research is needed to confirm the results for bone mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Hernandez-Martin
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | - Jorge Garcia-Unanue
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | | | - Samuel Manzano-Carrasco
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | - Jose Luis Felipe
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.F.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Maria Jose Carvalho
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Leonor Gallardo
- IGOID Research Group, Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 45004 Toledo, Spain; (A.H.-M.); (S.M.-C.); (L.G.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Sanchez
- School of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (J.L.F.); (J.S.-S.)
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Jiang Y, Dou Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang Y, Rodrigues M, Yan W. Performance of waist-to-height ratio as a screening tool for identifying cardiometabolic risk in children: a meta-analysis. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:66. [PMID: 34127061 PMCID: PMC8201900 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide the latest evidence of performance and robustness of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) in discriminating clusters of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRs) and promote WHtR in routine primary health care practice in children, a meta-analysis was used. METHODS Searches was performed in eight databases from inception to July 03, 2020. Inclusion criteria were: (1) observational study, (2) children and adolescents, (3) provided WHtR measurements, (4) had CMRs as outcomes, and (5) diagnostic studies. Exclusion criteria were: (1) non-original articles, (2) unable to extract 2 × 2 contingency tables, (3) not in English or Chinese language, (4) populations comprising clinical patients, or (5) duplicate articles. WHtR cutoff points, 2 × 2 contingency tables were extracted from published reports. Outcomes included: CMR clusters of at least three CMRs (CMR3), two (CMR2), one (CMR1), and CMR components. Bivariate mixed-effects models were performed to estimate the summarised area under the curves (AUSROC) with 95% CIs and related indexes. We conducted subgroup analyses by sex and East Asian ethnicity. RESULTS Fifty-three observational studies were included. The AUSROC reached 0.91 (95% CI: 0.88-0.93), 0.85 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.88) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.71, 0.79) for CMR3, CMR2, and CMR1, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for CMR3 reached 0.84 and exceeded 0.75 for CMR2. For CMR1, the sensitivity achieved 0.55 with 0.84 for specificity. We had similar findings for our subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS WHtR shows good and robust performance in identifying CMRs clustering across racial populations, suggesting its promising utility in public health practice globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Dou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Myanca Rodrigues
- Health Research Methodology Graduate Program, Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Weili Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial Unit, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.
- Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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199
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Tam J, Thankam F, Agrawal DK, Radwan MM. Critical Role of LOX-1-PCSK9 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Atheroma Formation and Its Instability. Heart Lung Circ 2021; 30:1456-1466. [PMID: 34092505 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major contributor to annual deaths globally. Atherosclerosis is a prominent risk factor for CVD. Although significant developments have been recently made in the prevention and treatment, the molecular pathology of atherosclerosis remains unknown. Interestingly, the recent discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) introduced a new avenue to explore the molecular pathogenesis and novel management strategies for atherosclerosis. Initial research focussed on the PCSK9-mediated degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and subsequent activation of pro-inflammatory pathways by oxidised low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Recently, PCSK9 and lectin-like oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) were shown to positively amplify each other pro-inflammatory activity and gene expression in endothelial cells, macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells. In this literature review, we provide insight into the reciprocal relationship between PCSK9 and LOX-1 in the pathogenesis of atheroma formation and plaque instability in atherosclerosis. Further understanding of the LOX-1-PCSK9 axis possesses tremendous translational potential to design novel management approaches for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Finosh Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Situación ponderal de la población escolar de 6 a 9 años en España: resultados del estudio ALADINO 2015. An Pediatr (Barc) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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