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Torrinha Á, Oliveira TMBF, Ribeiro FW, Correia AN, Lima-Neto P, Morais S. Application of Nanostructured Carbon-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Screening of Emerging Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Waters and Aquatic Species: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1268. [PMID: 32610509 PMCID: PMC7408367 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals, as a contaminant of emergent concern, are being released uncontrollably into the environment potentially causing hazardous effects to aquatic ecosystems and consequently to human health. In the absence of well-established monitoring programs, one can only imagine the full extent of this problem and so there is an urgent need for the development of extremely sensitive, portable, and low-cost devices to perform analysis. Carbon-based nanomaterials are the most used nanostructures in (bio)sensors construction attributed to their facile and well-characterized production methods, commercial availability, reduced cost, high chemical stability, and low toxicity. However, most importantly, their relatively good conductivity enabling appropriate electron transfer rates-as well as their high surface area yielding attachment and extraordinary loading capacity for biomolecules-have been relevant and desirable features, justifying the key role that they have been playing, and will continue to play, in electrochemical (bio)sensor development. The present review outlines the contribution of carbon nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, carbon nanofibers, carbon black, carbon nanopowder, biochar nanoparticles, and graphite oxide), used alone or combined with other (nano)materials, to the field of environmental (bio)sensing, and more specifically, to pharmaceutical pollutants analysis in waters and aquatic species. The main trends of this field of research are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Torrinha
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Thiago M. B. F. Oliveira
- Centro de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Av. Tenente Raimundo Rocha, 1639, Cidade Universitária, 63048-080 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil;
| | - Francisco W.P. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Rua Olegário Emídio de Araújo, S/N, Centro, 63260-000 Brejo Santo - CE, Brazil;
| | - Adriana N. Correia
- GELCORR, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Bloco 940, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil; (A.N.C.); (P.L.-N.)
| | - Pedro Lima-Neto
- GELCORR, Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Bloco 940, Campus do Pici, 60455-970 Fortaleza-CE, Brazil; (A.N.C.); (P.L.-N.)
| | - Simone Morais
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal;
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152
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Monitoring pharmaceuticals and personal care products in water and fish from the Gulf of Urabá, Colombia. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04215. [PMID: 32613110 PMCID: PMC7317696 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gulf of Urabá is considered a tourist zone of Antioquia Department attracts a large number of visitors to explore the aquatic ecosystem and beaches thus offering a large economic benefit. However, this region has been affected by various anthropogenic effects thus generating an environmental problematic that affect aquatic ecosystem. Over the years, several research has been evaluated pollutant such as pesticides, metals and physicochemical parameters, even our laboratory had found several toxic metals in fish from this same area. The presence of emerging pollutant in matrices such as seawater and fish from Gulf of Urabá have not been reported, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study. This work presents important aspects relating to sampling, monitoring and surveillance of seawater and several fish species caught in the area in order to determinate the content of emerging pollutant (triclosan, ibuprofen, diclofenac) using UPLC-QqQ/MS. In general, all three pharmaceuticals in different sampling sites were detected and total concentrations ranged from 0.10 to 1.54 μg/L in surface water. However, emerging pollutants content in fish muscle was not detected. In addition, a high variability in triclosan, ibuprofen and diclofenac concentrations according to the season of sampling was found. Regarding to seasonal variations, most emerging pollutant in the surface water had variation in levels both dry and wet season. Better removal was presented in the dry season, due to stronger irradiation and greater activity of microorganisms.
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153
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Water Depollution and Photo-Detoxification by Means of TiO2: Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics as a Case Study. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10060628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photocatalysis by semiconductors is considered one of the most promising advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and TiO2 is the most well-studied material for the removal of contaminants from the aquatic system. Over the last 20 years, pharmaceuticals have been the most investigated pollutants. They re-enter the environment almost unmodified or slightly metabolized, especially in the aquatic environment, since the traditional urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not able to abate them. Due to their continuous input, persistence in the environment, and unpleasant effects even at low concentrations, drugs are considered contaminants of emerging concern (ECs). Among these, we chose fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics as an environmental probe for assessing the role of TiO2 photocatalysis in the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants under environmental conditions and detoxification of surface waters and wastewaters. Due to their widespread diffusion, their presence in the list of the most persistent pollutants, and because they have been deeply investigated and their multiform photochemistry is well-known, they are able to supply rich information, both chemical and toxicological, on all key steps of the oxidative degradation process. The present review article explores, in a non-exhaustive way, the relationship among pollution, toxicity and remediation through titanium dioxide photocatalysis, with particular attention to the toxicological aspect. By using FQs as the probe, in depth indications about the different phases of the process were obtained, and the results reported in this paper may be useful in the improvement of large-scale applications of this technology, and—through generally valid methods—they could be deployed to other pharmaceuticals and emerging recalcitrant contaminants.
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154
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Opriș O, Lung I, Soran ML, Ciorîță A, Copolovici L. Investigating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the composition and ultrastructure of green leafy vegetables with important nutritional values. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 151:342-351. [PMID: 32272352 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The global presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been particularly considered a concerning problem with unknown consequences. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world, and as a result, they are commonly found in different environmental compartments. In the present work, we studied the effects of NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) on the composition and ultrastructure of Atriplex patula L., S. oleracea, and Lactuca sativa L., three green leafy vegetables with significant nutritional value. Contaminant solutions of NSAIDs were applied every two days using concentrations of 0.1 mg L-1, 0.5 mg L-1, and 1 mg L-1. After eight weeks of exposure of the green leafy vegetables to the selected NSAIDs, the chlorophylls (a + b), carotenoids (zeaxanthin, lutein, and ß-carotene), total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and the ultrastructural modifications were determined. The obtained results indicated a moderate reduction in the assimilating pigments, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, ultrastructural damages of the chloroplasts and cell walls were observed in the leaves of the selected vegetables, which were exposed to abiotic stress-induced by NSAIDs. All data collectively suggest that this group of drugs induced harmful effects on plants, and implicitly they may also negatively affected human health on the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ocsana Opriș
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ildikó Lung
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maria-Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciorîță
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Biology and Geology, 5-7 Clinicilor, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Copolovici
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Faculty of Food Engineering, Tourism and Environmental Protection and Institute of Research, Innovation and Development in Technical and Natural Sciences of "Aurel Vlaicu" University, 2 Elena Drăgoi, 310330, Arad, Romania
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155
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Towards the Removal of Antibiotics Detected in Wastewaters in the POCTEFA Territory: Occurrence and TiO2 Photocatalytic Pilot-Scale Plant Performance. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12051453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This research aims to assess the presence of four antibiotic compounds detected in the influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the POCTEFA territory (north of Spain and south of France) during the period of 2018–2019, and to relate the removal of antibiotic compounds with the processes used in the WWTPs. The performance of a photocatalytic TiO2/UV-VIS pilot-scale plant was then evaluated for the degradation of selected antibiotics previously detected in urban treated effluent. The main results reflect that azithromycin had the highest mass loadings (11.3 g/day per 1000 inhabitants) in the influent of one of the selected WWTPs. The results also show considerable differences in the extent of antibiotics removal in WWTPs ranging from 100% for sulfadiazine to practically 0% for trimethoprim. Finally, the photocatalytic TiO2/UV-VIS pilot-scale plant achieved the removal of the four antibiotics after 240 min of treatment from 78%–80% for trimethoprim and enrofloxacin, up to 100% for amoxicillin, sulfadiazine and azithromycin. The catalyst recovery via mechanical coagulation–flocculation–decantation was almost total. The Ti concentration in the effluent of the TiO2/UV-VIS pilot-scale plant was lower than 0.1% (w/w), and its release into the environment was subsequently minimized.
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156
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Carbuloni CF, Savoia JE, Santos JSP, Pereira CAA, Marques RG, Ribeiro VAS, Ferrari AM. Degradation of metformin in water by TiO 2-ZrO 2 photocatalysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 262:110347. [PMID: 32250822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of pharmaceutical products also increases their release in aquatic environment. These contaminants are considered emerging pollutants, and induce adverse ecological and human health effects. The antidiabetic metformin is one example that has been detected in the aquatic environment at unusual concentrations. This fact indicates that conventional wastewater treatment is inefficient on eliminating this compound. Here we show that metformin can be effectively removed from water by photocatalysis. We found the optimised conditions for pH and concentration of catalyst on the photocatalytic process. TiO2 and TiO2-ZrO2 were successful in oxidising metformin under UV radiation following a pseudo-first order kinetics. Intermediates of metformin photodegradation appeared after photocatalytic treatment. Toxicity analysis showed that the degradation products are non-toxic to Lactuca sativa seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Carbuloni
- Federal University of Technology - Parana, Rua Marcilio Dias, 635, 86812-460, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline E Savoia
- Federal University of Technology - Parana, Rua Marcilio Dias, 635, 86812-460, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S P Santos
- Federal University of Technology - Parana, Rua Marcilio Dias, 635, 86812-460, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Cíntia A A Pereira
- State University of Maringa, Av Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rubiane G Marques
- Federal University of Technology - Parana, Rua Marcilio Dias, 635, 86812-460, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Valquíria A S Ribeiro
- Federal University of Technology - Parana, Rua Marcilio Dias, 635, 86812-460, Apucarana, Brazil
| | - Ana M Ferrari
- Federal University of Technology - Parana, Rua Marcilio Dias, 635, 86812-460, Apucarana, Brazil.
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157
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Thiebault T. Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim ratio as a new marker in raw wastewaters: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136916. [PMID: 32041046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Global Trimethoprim (TMP) and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) occurrences in raw wastewaters were systematically collected from the literature (n = 140 articles) in order to assess the relevance of using the SMX/TMP ratio as a marker of the main origin of wastewaters. These two antibiotics were selected due to their frequent use in association (i.e. co-trimoxazole) in a 5:1 ratio (SMX:TMP) for medication purposes, generating a unique opportunity to globally evaluate the validity of this ratio based on concentration values. Several parameters (e.g. sorption, biodegradation) may affect the theoretical SMX/TMP ratio. However, the collected data highlighted the good agreement between the theoretical ratio and the experimental one, especially in wastewater treatment plant influents and hospital effluents. Only livestock effluents displayed a very high SMX/TMP ratio, indicative of the very significant use of sulfonamide alone in this industry. Conversely, several countries displayed low SMX/TMP ratio values, highlighting local features in the human pharmacopoeia. This review provides new insights in order to develop an easy to handle and sound marker of wastewater origins (i.e. human/livestock), beyond atypical local customs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Thiebault
- EPHE, PSL University, UMR 7619 METIS, Sorbonne University, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France.
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158
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Pereira A, Silva L, Laranjeiro C, Lino C, Pena A. Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part II-Toxicity and Environmental Risk Assessment. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081796. [PMID: 32295269 PMCID: PMC7221825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a review on their toxicity and environmental risk assessment (ERA) in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the water framework directive (WFD). The toxicity data collected reported, with the exception of anxiolytics, at least one toxicity value for concentrations below 1 µg L−1. The results obtained for the ERA revealed risk quotients (RQs) higher than 1 in all the aquatic bodies and for the three trophic levels, algae, invertebrates and fish, posing ecotoxicological pressure in all of these compartments. The therapeutic groups with higher RQs were hormones, antiepileptics, anti-inflammatories and antibiotics. Unsurprisingly, RQs values were highest in wastewaters, however, less contaminated water bodies such as groundwaters still presented maximum values up to 91,150 regarding 17α-ethinylestradiol in fish. Overall, these results present an important input for setting prioritizing measures and sustainable strategies, minimizing their impact in the aquatic environment.
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159
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Maia AS, Paíga P, Delerue-Matos C, Castro PML, Tiritan ME. Quantification of fluoroquinolones in wastewaters by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113927. [PMID: 32023795 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are the most consumed therapeutic classes worldwide and are released to the environment in their original form as well as potentially active metabolites and/or degradation products. Consequences of the occurrence of these compounds in the environment are primarily related to bacterial resistance development. This work presents a validated analytical method based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using HLB cartridges, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for quantification of seven different fluoroquinolone antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin (CPF), enrofloxacin (ENR), lomefloxacin (LOM), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL), prulifloxacin (PLF) and moxifloxacin (MOX) and its application to detect the target compounds in influents and effluents of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Linearity was established through calibration curves in solvent and matrix match using internal calibration method in the range of 50-1300 ng L-1 and all the fluoroquinolones showed good linear fit (r2 ≥ 0.991). Accuracy ranged between 80.3 and 92.9%, precision was comprised between 7.2 and 14.6%, and 10.7 and 18.1% for intra- and inter-batch determinations, respectively. Method detection and quantification limits ranged from 6.7 to 59.0 ng L-1 and 22.3-196.6 ng L-1, respectively. Influents and effluents of fifteen WWTPs of North of Portugal were analyzed. OFL was the fluoroquinolone found at the highest concentration, up to 4587.0 ng L-1 and 987.9 ng L-1, in influent and effluent, respectively. NOR and PLF were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Maia
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Paíga
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula M L Castro
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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160
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Jose J, Sandra Pinto J, Kotian B, Mathew Thomas A, Narayana Charyulu R. Comparison of the regulatory outline of ecopharmacovigilance of pharmaceuticals in Europe, USA, Japan and Australia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 709:134815. [PMID: 31887508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals are known to improve the quality of life by curing and preventing diseases. However, these pharmaceutical products, when it diffuses through the environment by various routes, can cause severe harmful effects to the living organisms. During the last several years, the coping with the impact of pharmaceuticals on the environment was one of the challenging tasks for the pharmaceutical industries. These concerns about the environmental health and safety risks paved the way in developing a proper regulatory framework for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical products. In the US, EU, and Canada, most improvements have been made in the regulation of Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) for pharmaceuticals. Many countries and organizations like the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), had adapted these ERA procedures to fulfil the purpose. At present, there are no specific guidelines for ERA of pharmaceuticals in Japan, Australia and many other countries. Nevertheless, it is expected that they will have strict regulations and legal requirements in the future. The purpose of this study is to understand and compare the ERA regulation in Europe, USA, Japan and Australia. In this review, we have summarized the knowledge on ERA of pharmaceuticals and its consequences on the environment. It is therefore necessary to establish an eco-pharmacovigilance system for monitoring and collection of data, which would eradicate the risk of pharmaceuticals entering into the surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jobin Jose
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jean Sandra Pinto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Bhashini Kotian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Aaron Mathew Thomas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - R Narayana Charyulu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Pharmaceutics, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NITTE Deemed to be University, Paneer, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
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161
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Pereira A, Silva L, Laranjeiro C, Lino C, Pena A. Selected Pharmaceuticals in Different Aquatic Compartments: Part I-Source, Fate and Occurrence. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051026. [PMID: 32106570 PMCID: PMC7179177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential risks associated with releases of human pharmaceuticals into the environment have become an increasingly important issue in environmental health. This concern has been driven by the widespread detection of pharmaceuticals in all aquatic compartments. Therefore, 22 pharmaceuticals, 6 metabolites and transformation products, belonging to 7 therapeutic groups, were selected to perform a systematic review on their source, fate and occurrence in different aquatic compartments, important issues to tackle the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The results obtained evidence that concentrations of pharmaceuticals are present, in decreasing order, in wastewater influents (WWIs), wastewater effluents (WWEs) and surface waters, with values up to 14 mg L−1 for ibuprofen in WWIs. The therapeutic groups which presented higher detection frequencies and concentrations were anti-inflammatories, antiepileptics, antibiotics and lipid regulators. These results present a broad and specialized background, enabling a complete overview on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic compartments.
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162
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Machado AI, Fragoso R, Dordio AV, Duarte E. Performance of Iris pseudacorus and Typha domingensis for furosemide removal in a hydroponic system. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:863-871. [PMID: 32028785 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1717431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential of Iris pseudacorus and Typha domingensis to remove the pharmaceutical active compound (PhAC) Furosemide from a nutrient solution was assessed. Both plants were exposed to 2 mg L-1 of furosemide during 21 days and the removal of furosemide was monitored. Vessels without furosemide were also implemented as control systems for plants development. Likewise, unplanted vessels with furosemide were employed to assess abiotic removal mechanisms. All vessels were covered with aluminum foil to avoid photodegradation of the compound. Both plants showed potential to remove Furosemide, attaining, at the end of the experiment, a removal of 42.0-66.9% and 40.5-57.8%, for Typha and Iris, respectively. The plants do not presented a visible negative stress response to the exposure to furosemide, having a positive growth rate at the end of the experiment. Biodegradation seems to play an important role in furosemide removal, being enhanced by the presence of the plants. The two macrophytes presented different removal behaviors, particularly in the first 48 h of contact time. FUR removal by Iris follows a pseudo-first order while by Typha is divide in different phases. These results indicate that different plants species seem to have different mechanisms to remove pollutants from water.HighlightsPhACs removal potential of Iris pseudacorus and Typha domingensis was assessed.Plants were exposed to 2 mg L-1 of furosemide during 21 days.Both macrophytes showed good removal efficiencies.Biodegradation of furosemide seems to be the main removal mechanism.Plants demonstrated different removal behavior along the experiment.Removal mechanisms of plants seem to differ between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Machado
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Évora, Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R Fragoso
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A V Dordio
- Departamento de Química, MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Évora, Portugal
| | - E Duarte
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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163
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Godoy AA, Domingues I, de Carvalho LB, Oliveira ÁC, de Jesus Azevedo CC, Taparo JM, Assano PK, Mori V, de Almeida Vergara Hidalgo V, Nogueira AJA, Kummrow F. Assessment of the ecotoxicity of the pharmaceuticals bisoprolol, sotalol, and ranitidine using standard and behavioral endpoints. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5469-5481. [PMID: 31853849 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pharmaceuticals bisoprolol (BIS), sotalol (SOT), and ranitidine (RAN) are among the most consumed pharmaceuticals worldwide and are frequently detected in different aquatic ecosystems. However, very few ecotoxicity data are available in the literature for them. To help fill these data gaps, toxicity tests with the algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, the macrophyte Lemna minor, the cnidarian Hydra attenuata, the crustacean Daphnia similis, and the fish Danio rerio were performed for assessing the ecotoxicity of these pharmaceuticals. Standard, as well as non-standard endpoint, was evaluated, including the locomotor behavior of D. rerio larvae. Results obtained for SOT and RAN showed that acute adverse effects are not expected to occur on aquatic organisms at the concentrations at which these pharmaceuticals are usually found in fresh surface waters. On the other hand, BIS was classified as hazardous to the environment in the acute III category. Locomotor behavior of D. rerio larvae was not affected by BIS and RAN. A disturbance on the total swimming distance at the dark cycle was observed only for larvae exposed to the highest test concentration of 500 mg L-1 of SOT. D. similis reproduction was affected by BIS with an EC10 of 3.6 (0.1-34.0) mg L-1. A risk quotient (RQ) of 0.04 was calculated for BIS in fresh surface water, considering a worst-case scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first chronic toxicity data with BIS on non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Andrade Godoy
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of Alfenas (Unifal-MG), Rodovia José Aurélio Vilela, 11,999, Poços de Caldas, MG, 37715-400, Brazil
| | - Inês Domingues
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luciano Bastos de Carvalho
- Faculty of Economics, Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-905, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Espírito Santo (IFES) Campus Barra de São Francisco, Rua Herculano Fernandes de Jesus, 111-Irmãos Fernandes, Barra de São Francisco, ES, 29800-000, Brazil
| | - Ádria Caloto Oliveira
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888-Jardim Esmeralda, Limeira, SP, 13484-461, Brazil
| | - Carina Cristina de Jesus Azevedo
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888-Jardim Esmeralda, Limeira, SP, 13484-461, Brazil
| | - Jeniffer Marins Taparo
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888-Jardim Esmeralda, Limeira, SP, 13484-461, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Kushim Assano
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888-Jardim Esmeralda, Limeira, SP, 13484-461, Brazil
| | - Vivien Mori
- School of Technology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), Rua Paschoal Marmo, 1888-Jardim Esmeralda, Limeira, SP, 13484-461, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fábio Kummrow
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Rua São Nicolau, 210, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil.
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164
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K'oreje KO, Okoth M, Van Langenhove H, Demeestere K. Occurrence and treatment of contaminants of emerging concern in the African aquatic environment: Literature review and a look ahead. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 254:109752. [PMID: 31733478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Awareness about the rising detection and reported (eco)toxicological effects of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs, e.g. pharmaceuticals and personal care products - PPCPs - and modern pesticides) in the aquatic environment is growing. CECs are increasingly reported in the African aquatic environment, although the amount of data available is still limited. In this work, a comprehensive review is presented on the occurrence of CECs in wastewater, sludge, surface water, sediment, groundwater and drinking water of Africa. Further attention is given to the performance of wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) and trickling filters (TF) with respect to CECs removal. For the first time, we also look at the state of knowledge on the performance of point-of-use technologies (POUs) regarding the removal of CECs in drinking water. Generally, CECs in Africa occur at the same order of magnitude as in the Western world. However, for particular groups of compounds and at specific locations such as informal settlements, clearly higher concentrations are reported in Africa. Whereas antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs are rarely detected in the Western world, occurrence patterns in Africa reveal concentrations up to >100 μg L-1. Removal efficiencies of WSPs and TFs focus mainly on PPCPs and vary significantly, ranging from no removal (e.g. carbamazepine) to better than 99.9% (e.g. paracetamol). Despite the rising adoption of POUs, limited but promising information is available on their performance regarding CECs treatment in drinking water, particularly for the low-cost devices (e.g. ceramic filters and solar disinfection - SODIS) being adopted in Africa and other developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Otieno K'oreje
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium; Water Resources Authority (WRA), P.O. Box 45250, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya.
| | - Maurice Okoth
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, School of Science, University of Eldoret, P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, Kenya; Kenya Methodist University, P.O. Box 267-60200, Meru, Kenya.
| | - Herman Van Langenhove
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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165
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Wielens Becker R, Ibáñez M, Cuervo Lumbaque E, Wilde ML, Flores da Rosa T, Hernández F, Sirtori C. Investigation of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites in Brazilian hospital wastewater by LC-QTOF MS screening combined with a preliminary exposure and in silico risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 699:134218. [PMID: 31689670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This work evaluates the occurrence of pharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on their metabolites, in raw hospital wastewater (HWW) using wide-scope screening based on liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. The applied strategy uses an extended purpose-built database, containing >1000 pharmaceuticals and 250 metabolites. Raw HWW samples from a hospital located in south Brazil were collected over six months, with a monthly sampling frequency. Accurate-mass full-spectrum data provided by quadrupole-time of flight MS allowed the identification of 43 pharmaceuticals and up to 31 metabolites in the samples under study. Additionally, other four metabolites not included in the initial database could be identified using a complementary strategy based on the common fragmentation pathway between the parent compound and its metabolites. Nine metabolites derived from four pharmaceuticals were identified in the raw HWW samples, whereas their parent compounds were not found in these samples. The results of this work illustrate the importance of including not only parent pharmaceuticals but also their main metabolites in screening analysis. Besides, the inclusion of in silico QSAR predictions allowed assessing the environmental fate and effect of pharmaceuticals and metabolites in terms of biodegradability, as possible Persistent, Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) compounds, and their potential hazard to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Wielens Becker
- Instituto de Química- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque
- Instituto de Química- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Luís Wilde
- Instituto de Química- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tainá Flores da Rosa
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Bairro Santa Cecília, CEP 90035-903 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Félix Hernández
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, Castellón 12071, Spain
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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166
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Afsa S, Hamden K, Lara Martin PA, Mansour HB. Occurrence of 40 pharmaceutically active compounds in hospital and urban wastewaters and their contribution to Mahdia coastal seawater contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1941-1955. [PMID: 31768956 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the occurrence of 40 pharmaceuticals belonging to several therapeutic groups was investigated for the first time in hospital effluent, wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent, and seawater in Mahdia, Tunisia. Forty-six samples were collected within a 6-month sampling period. Pharmaceuticals were analyzed using solid-phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Thirty-three out of the forty target compounds were detected over a wide concentration of ranges, from nanograms per liter to micrograms per liter, depending on the type of sample. Maximum values were detected for caffeine at 902 μgL-1 in hospital wastewater. This compound, as well as salicylic acid, sulfadiazine, and sulfamethizole, were detected in all samples. The average concentration of total pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater (340 μgL-1) was higher than those detected in influent and effluent wastewater and seawater (275.11 and 0.2 μgL-1, respectively). Risk quotients (RQs) were also estimated to provide a preliminary environmental risk assessment and results revealed that sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, and fluoxetine could pose medium/high risk to the tested aquatic organisms for maximum measured concentrations in wastewater (including hospital and WWTP samples). Although the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) detected in seawater samples might not pose a toxic effect to the aquatic organisms (except for salicylic acid, sulfamethoxazole and fluoxetine), further researches are needed due to the continuous release of wastewater in the environment and the limited efficiency of wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrine Afsa
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Hamden
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Pablo A Lara Martin
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), 11510, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Hedi Ben Mansour
- Research Unit of Analysis and Process Applied to the Environment-APAE UR17ES32, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology Mahdia "ISSAT", University of Monastir, 5100, Mahdia, Tunisia.
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167
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Khan NA, Khan SU, Ahmed S, Farooqi IH, Yousefi M, Mohammadi AA, Changani F. Recent trends in disposal and treatment technologies of emerging-pollutants- A critical review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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168
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Kumari A, Maurya NS, Tiwari B. Hospital wastewater treatment scenario around the globe. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING 2020. [PMCID: PMC7252247 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819722-6.00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Wastewaters generated from hospitals contain pharmaceuticals residues, pathogens, chemical reagents, radionuclide, and other harmful matter. The wastewater characteristics, quantity, and handling methods have not only variations among countries but also within a country. Some hazardous substances of hospital wastewaters (HWWs) may have a regulatory status and should be treated accordingly while others have characteristics similar to that of domestic sewage. At a global level, guidelines do exist for treatment of these HWWs. But literatures have shown that legislation has various loopholes in implementation. This chapter outlines the current status of management and handling of HWWs around the major industrial hubs of worlds in two categories of developed (the United States, United Kingdom, and Europe) and developing (India, China, Iran, and Bangladesh) countries. Various literatures and guidelines of these countries have been referred which mainly highlight different treatment scenarios and status of coverage of HWW management guidelines.
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169
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Abu Al-Rub FA, Fares MM, Mohammad AR. Use of nanohybrid nanomaterials in water treatment: highly efficient removal of ranitidine. RSC Adv 2020; 10:37050-37063. [PMID: 35521255 PMCID: PMC9057075 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Entire elimination of pharmaceutical drugs from waste- and domestic-waters has attracted great attention due to their potent adverse effects on human health, particularly the human immune system. Many risks have been related to the presence of different types of drugs at different concentrations in wastewater. These risks include antimicrobial resistance (AMR), endocrine action, hormonal activation of cancers, and photodegradation of drugs. In this study, new nanohybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) were developed to remove a well-known drug, namely, ranitidine that treats stomach ulcers and gastrointestinal (GI) reflux disease from aqueous solutions. The characterization of synthesized nanohybrid GO-OCNTs was performed using spectroscopic (FTIR, and XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) and microscopic (SEM) techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were used to investigate the technical feasibility of using synthesized GO-OCNTs for the removal of ranitidine from aqueous solutions. The effects of different operating conditions such as contact time, nanohybrid mass, solution temperature, solution pH, % crosslinking agent, and GO-to-OCNT ratio on the entire elimination of ranitidine were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the removal of ranitidine was very efficient, where 98.3% removal of the drug from aqueous solutions was achieved with a drug uptake of 97.8 mg g−1. Moreover, the results indicated the optimum conditions for the removal of ranitidine, which are as follows: contact time = 140 minutes, nanohybrid GO-OCNT mass = 10 mg, solution temperature = 290 K, solution pH = 6.4, % crosslinking agent = 0.5%, and GO to O-CNT ratio = 1 : 4. The equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherms and Langmuir was found to best describe our data. Dynamic studies demonstrated that ranitidine adsorption followed pseudo-second order, and the thermodynamic parameters confirmed exothermic drug adsorption as well as the physisorption process. Entire elimination of pharmaceutical drugs from waste- and domestic-waters has attracted great attention due to their potent adverse effects on human health, particularly the human immune system.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmi A. Abu Al-Rub
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Jordan University of Science and Technology
- Irbid 22110
- Jordan
| | - Mohammad M. Fares
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Faculty of Science & Arts
- Jordan University of Science and Technology
- Irbid 22110
- Jordan
| | - Ahmad R. Mohammad
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Jordan University of Science and Technology
- Irbid 22110
- Jordan
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170
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Alvarino T, García-Sandá E, Gutiérrez-Prada I, Lema J, Omil F, Suárez S. A new decentralized biological treatment process based on activated carbon targeting organic micropollutant removal from hospital wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:1214-1223. [PMID: 29974444 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although hospital wastewaters (HWWs) are usually discharged in urban sewage systems, their separate treatment has several benefits, such as the specific treatment of potential toxics as well as avoidance of further dilutions. In this work, an integrated industrial pilot plant (2200 L) corresponding to the technology SeMPAC® is proposed and validated for such purpose. The process consists of a sequential batch reactor (SBR) connected to an external submerged microfiltration membrane, in which powdered activated carbon (PAC) is directly added into the biological reactor to enhance the removal of the organic micropollutants (OMPs). The combination of different redox conditions in the SBR, as well as the operation at long sludge retention times (SRTs) and high biomass concentrations favored OMP biotransformation in the SBR, being their final removal efficiencies enhanced clearly after PAC addition, especially for the recalcitrant compounds. A periodical renewal of the adsorbent is necessary to overcome its gradual saturation. The main operational conditions were influenced by (i) the recalcitrant OMP carbamazepine, which defines the PAC dosage; (ii) the easily degradable OMP ibuprofen, which can be used to optimize the duration of the aerobic cycle; and (iii) the denitrification efficiency, which defines the correct time length of the anoxic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Alvarino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Water Technological Center (Cetaqua), Ctra. d'Esplugues, 75, E-08940, Cornellà de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena García-Sandá
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Isabel Gutiérrez-Prada
- Galician Water Research Center Foundation (Cetaqua), Emprendia Building, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Lema
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Omil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Suárez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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171
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Introduction to wastewater microbiology: special emphasis on hospital wastewater. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING 2020. [PMCID: PMC7252249 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819722-6.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The important role of proper sanitation in maintaining good public health has been confirmed in the past years. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serve as efficient processes in removing pathogens, organic pollutants, nutrients, and pharmaceuticals from wastewaters. However, the advance systems of treatment that we use today are the result of a series of inventions that have been performed since 19th century. This chapter explains the evolution of the wastewater origin and the treatment processes along with the developments in microbiology and pathology that led to the present-day scenario of research and advance facilities. Pharmaceuticals can easily enter the environment due to their incomplete degradation in the treatment processes and because of their adverse effects on organisms and environment they are becoming a matter of great concern. A brief discussion on the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in different environment sectors such as wastewater, WWTPs, and the natural aquatic environment has been provided.
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172
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Oxidation of β-blocker atenolol by a combination of UV light and chlorine: Kinetics, degradation pathways and toxicity assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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173
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Montemurro N, Peña-Herrera JM, Ginebreda A, Eichhorn P, Pérez S. The Journey of Human Drugs from Their Design at the Bench to Their Fate in Crops. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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174
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Regnery J, Parrhysius P, Schulz RS, Möhlenkamp C, Buchmeier G, Reifferscheid G, Brinke M. Wastewater-borne exposure of limnic fish to anticoagulant rodenticides. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 167:115090. [PMID: 31553930 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides (AR) in the aquatic environment emphasizes the relevance and impact of aquatic exposure pathways during rodent control. Pest control in municipal sewer systems of urban and suburban areas is thought to be an important emission pathway for AR to reach wastewater and municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), respectively. To circumstantiate that AR will enter streams via effluent discharges and bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms despite very low predicted environmental emissions, we conducted a retrospective biological monitoring of fish tissue samples from different WWTP fish monitoring ponds exclusively fed by municipal effluents in Bavaria, Germany. At the same time, information about rodent control in associated sewer systems was collected by telephone survey to assess relationships between sewer baiting and rodenticide residues in fish. In addition, mussel and fish tissue samples from several Bavarian surface waters with different effluent impact were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of anticoagulants in indigenous aquatic organisms. Hepatic AR residues were detected at 12 out of 25 WWTP sampling sites in the low μg/kg range, thereof six sites with one or more second-generation AR (i.e., brodifacoum, difenacoum, bromadiolone). 14 of 18 surveyed sites confirmed sewer baiting with AR and detected hepatic residues matched the reported active ingredients used for sewer baiting at six sites. Furthermore, second-generation AR were detected in more than 80% of fish liver samples from investigated Bavarian streams. Highest total hepatic AR concentrations in these fish were 9.1 and 8.5 μg/kg wet weight, respectively and were observed at two riverine sampling sites characterized by close proximity to upstream WWTP outfalls. No anticoagulant residues were found in fish liver samples from two lakes without known influences of effluent discharges. The findings of our study clearly show incomplete removal of anticoagulants during conventional wastewater treatment and confirm exposure of aquatic organisms via municipal effluents. Based on the demonstrated temporal and spatial coherence between sewer baiting and hepatic AR residues in effluent-exposed fish, sewer baiting in combined sewer systems contributes to the release of active ingredients into the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Regnery
- Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Pia Parrhysius
- Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Robert S Schulz
- Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Christel Möhlenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georgia Buchmeier
- Unit Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Microbial Ecology, Bavarian Environment Agency, Demollstr. 31, 82407 Wielenbach, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marvin Brinke
- Department of Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Federal Institute of Hydrology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
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175
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Aydin S, Aydin ME, Ulvi A. Monitoring the release of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals in the receiving environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:36887-36902. [PMID: 31745804 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06821-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals (AIAPs) in the effluents of 16 hospitals, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the contribution and mass load of each hospital to WWTP influent, and the removal efficiencies in WWTP were investigated. Environmental risk was also evaluated by toxicity tests using organisms from three different trophic levels. Acetaminophen had the highest concentration in summer and winter samples, followed by ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The total daily load of AIAPs detected in influent of WWTP was 1677 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in summer and 5074 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in winter. The contribution of 16 hospitals to the total AIAP load in influent of WWTP was 11.30% in summer and 7.09% in winter. The highest mass loads were calculated as 203 mg/bed.day in general hospital in summer and 300 mg/bed.day in pediatric hospital in winter. The removal efficiencies of AIAPs in WWTP ranged between 13% and 100% in summer and 0.88% and 99% in winter. WWTP is not sufficient to remove all the AIAPs. Diclofenac (in summer), mefenamic acid, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone exhibited poor removal below 50%. The effluents of the WWTP exhibited a low risk for fish and Daphnia magna and an insignificant risk for algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senar Aydin
- Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Emin Aydin
- Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ulvi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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176
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Seasonal occurrence, removal efficiency and associated ecological risk assessment of three antibiotics in a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Egypt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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177
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Papageorgiou M, Zioris I, Danis T, Bikiaris D, Lambropoulou D. Comprehensive investigation of a wide range of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in urban and hospital wastewaters in Greece. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 694:133565. [PMID: 31401503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Detection and quantification of Pharmaceutical and Personal care products (PPCPs) in wastewaters and aqueous samples is crucial in terms of environmental monitoring and risk assessment for these emerging contaminants in the environment. The majority of the studies on PPCPs in wastewaters involve analysis only of representative compounds for each class, while few studies reported for the analysis of several compounds from multiple classes of PPCPs in samples. In this light, the aim of this work was to develop a multiresidue analytical protocol based on solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometer-(LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of 138 substances including 37 different classes of PPCPs that can be used for monitoring in wastewater. Hence, an extensive monitoring survey of PPCPs in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in three cities of North (Thessaloniki) and Central (Larisa, Volos) Greece region has been conducted. In addition, the occurrence of the target compounds in raw waters of effluents from two medium-size hospitals located in the Larisa Region was investigated. Analgesics-anti-inflammatories (paracetamol, diclofenac, ibuprofen, salicylic acid), diuretic (furosemide), antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, clarithromycin, azithromycin), anti-hypertensives (valsartan, irbesartan, telmisartan), psychiatric drugs (carbamazepine, venlafaxine, citalopram), stimulant (caffeine) and beta blockers (atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol) were among the most frequently detected compounds. The removal rates varied between the different therapeutic groups, as well within each therapeutic group, important variations in removal were observed, going from not eliminated to 100%. Mass loading distribution in the different WWTPs was also evaluated. Finally, the risk quotient approach (RQ) for single substances and the cumulative RQ for the classes of the target PPCPs was used in order to identify the potential ecotoxicological risk posed in the tree trophic levels of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrsini Papageorgiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry - Panepistimioupolis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zioris
- ANALYSIS - DELCOF S.A., Quality Control and Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Kopanos, Naousa, Greece
| | - Theocharis Danis
- ANALYSIS - DELCOF S.A., Quality Control and Chemical Analysis Laboratory, Kopanos, Naousa, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Bikiaris
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry - Panepistimioupolis, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra Lambropoulou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemistry - Panepistimioupolis, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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178
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Campos-Mañas MC, Plaza-Bolaños P, Martínez-Piernas AB, Sánchez-Pérez JA, Agüera A. Determination of pesticide levels in wastewater from an agro-food industry: Target, suspect and transformation product analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:152-163. [PMID: 31154175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is considered as the main source of water contamination by pesticides. However, food packaging or processing industries are also recognised as relevant point sources of contamination by these compounds, not yet investigated in depth. The objective of this work has been to improve current knowledge about the presence and concentration of pesticides in the effluent of a food processing industry, as well as to investigate their main transformation products (TPs). An analytical strategy combining target and suspect analysis has been applied to provide an evaluation of the effluents. The methodology involves solid-phase extraction (SPE) of wastewater samples followed by (i) liquid chromatography quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QqLIT-MS/MS) for quantitative target analysis and (ii) liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-HRMS) to identify non-target pesticides and possible TPs. The results revealed the presence of 17 of the target pesticides analysed and 3 additional ones as a result of the suspect screening performed by HRMS. The TPs were investigated for the pesticides found at the highest concentrations: imazalil (7038-19802 ng/L), pyrimethanil (744-9591 ng/L) and thiabendazole (341-926 ng/L). Up to 14 TPs could be tentatively identified, demonstrating the relevance of this type of studies. These data provide a better understanding of the occurrence of pesticides and their TPs in agro-food industrial effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Celia Campos-Mañas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, Spain
| | - Patricia Plaza-Bolaños
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Martínez-Piernas
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Spain
| | - José Antonio Sánchez-Pérez
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almeria, Spain
| | - Ana Agüera
- Solar Energy Research Centre (CIESOL), Joint Centre University of Almeria-CIEMAT, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120, Almeria, Spain; Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Almeria, Spain
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179
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Majumder A, Gupta B, Gupta AK. Pharmaceutically active compounds in aqueous environment: A status, toxicity and insights of remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108542. [PMID: 31387068 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) have pernicious effects on all kinds of life forms because of their toxicological effects and are found profoundly in various wastewater treatment plant influents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. The concentrations of different pharmaceuticals were found in alarmingly high concentrations in various parts of the globe, and it was also observed that the concentration of PhACs present in the water could be eventually related to the socio-economic conditions and climate of the region. Drinking water equivalent limit for each PhAC has been calculated and compared with the occurrence data from various continents. Since these compounds are recalcitrant towards conventional treatment methods, while advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have shown better efficiency in degrading these PhACs. The performance of the AOPs have been evaluated based on percentage removal, time, and electrical energy consumed to degrade different classes of PhACs. Ozone based AOPs were found to be favorable because of their low treatment time, low cost, and high efficiency. However, complete degradation cannot be achieved by these processes, and various transformation products are formed, which may be more toxic than the parent compounds. The various transformation products formed from various PhACs during treatment have been highlighted. Significant stress has been given on the role of various process parameters, water matrix, oxidizing radicals, and the mechanism of degradation. Presence of organic compounds, nitrate, and phosphate usually hinders the degradation process, while chlorine and sulfate showed a positive effect. The role of individual oxidizing radicals, interfering ions, and pH demonstrated dissimilar effects on different groups of PhACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Bramha Gupta
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
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180
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Rodrigues A, Borges FO, Pissarra V, Luísa Maulvault A, Paula JR, Bispo R, Rosa R. First indication of deleterious impacts in white-seabream larvae (Diplodus sargus) survival and behaviour following acute venlafaxine exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2019; 28:612-618. [PMID: 31154538 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-019-02057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater effluents are teeming with organisms, nutrients and chemical substances which water treatment processes fail to remove. Among these substances, pharmaceuticals such as antidepressants are a frequent occurrence, and have been reported to lead to severe effects in the physiology and behaviour of non-target marine species across taxa. Venlafaxine (VFX) is one of the most consistently prescribed substances for the treatment of human depressive disorders, acting as a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. In the present study, the potential effects of this antidepressant on the survival and key behaviours (i.e. movement, aggression and foraging) of white seabream (Diplodus sargus) larvae were addressed. Larvae were submitted to an acute exposure of two different VFX treatments (low concentration, 10 µg L-1; and high concentration, 100 µg L-1) for a total of 48 h. Sampling took place after 24 and 48 h of exposure. Overall, results showed a significant effect of a two-day exposure to VFX in larvae of D. sargus. Survival was significantly reduced by exposure to a high concentration, but behavioural effects of antidepressant exposure were subtle: i.e. increased attack frequency and temporary modulation of capture success. Further research efforts should be directed towards evaluating the potential chronic effects of antidepressants in marine species, if we are to anticipate possible pressures on natural populations, and effectively advice policymakers towards the investment in new and more efficient methods of wastewater treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rodrigues
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Francisco O Borges
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal.
| | - Vasco Pissarra
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Maulvault
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
- Division of Aquaculture and Seafood Upgrading, Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, I.P. (IPMA), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006, Lisboa, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - José R Paula
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Regina Bispo
- Departamento de Matemática & Centro de Matemática e Aplicações (CMA), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, 2750-374, Cascais, Portugal
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181
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Kiecak A, Sassine L, Boy-Roura M, Elsner M, Mas-Pla J, Le Gal La Salle C, Stumpp C. Sorption properties and behaviour at laboratory scale of selected pharmaceuticals using batch experiments. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2019; 225:103500. [PMID: 31102981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2019.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing public concern about the frequent occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the water bodies, their transport and fate are not yet well known; in particular in groundwater. In this laboratory study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the sorption behaviour of selected pharmaceuticals. The choice of compounds was motivated by their chemical properties as well as by their occurrence at the relevant field sites. It included: antipyrine, atenolol, caffeine, carbamazepine, ciprofloxacin, diclofenac, ketoprofen, ofloxacin, and sulfamethoxazole. Sorption behaviour has already been investigated for some of these compounds (e.g. carbamazepine), but for the others (e.g. antipyrine, ketoprofen), extensive studies are missing so far. For the experiments, artificial and actual aquifer materials from complementary field sites were selected: technical coarse quartz sand and sediments from alluvial Vistrenque Aquifer, France (sandy loam), and fluvio-deltaic Baix Fluvià Aquifer, Spain (sandy clay loam, clay, and medium sand). In these field sites occurrence of pharmaceuticals in groundwater was previously stated, and the presented laboratory experiments were complementary to the field investigations. Five concentration steps for determining the sorption isotherms were investigated. Correlation analysis showed dependencies of K-coefficients of individual compounds and sediment properties; however, no clear, universal patterns for all compounds were found. Batch experiments suggest that sorption behaviour was governed by compound-specific properties rather than by sediment properties. These results contribute to the understanding sorption behaviour of pharmaceuticals in heterogeneous sediments, although some inconsistencies were revealed between laboratory scale results and field scale observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kiecak
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
| | - Lara Sassine
- University of Nîmes, 7352 CHROME, ruc du Dr Georges Salan, Nîmes 30021, France
| | - Mercè Boy-Roura
- Catalan Institute for Water Research - ICRA, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Hydrochemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 17, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Josep Mas-Pla
- Catalan Institute for Water Research - ICRA, Emili Grahit 101, Girona 17003, Spain; Grup de Recerca GAiA-Geocamb, Dept de Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Girona, Girona 17003, Spain
| | | | - Christine Stumpp
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute for Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Institute of Hydraulics and Rural Water Management (IHLW), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria
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182
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Rede D, Santos LHMLM, Ramos S, Oliva-Teles F, Antão C, Sousa SR, Delerue-Matos C. Individual and mixture toxicity evaluation of three pharmaceuticals to the germination and growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 673:102-109. [PMID: 30986672 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to assess, individually and in mixtures, possible phytotoxic effects of three pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, ibuprofen and amoxicillin) on germination and early growth of Lactuca sativa seeds. Pharmaceuticals are an important group of emerging contaminants, whose presence has been described in several environmental compartments, including soils. However, knowledge on their possible impact in terrestrial organisms is still sparse and even more when mixtures are considered. Germination tests are important to evaluate the quality of soil and the toxic effects that contaminants can pose to plants. The acute effects of individual pharmaceuticals as well as binary and ternary mixtures were assessed using different endpoints, namely: percentage of seed germination, root elongation, shoot and leaf length, after an exposure time of five days. Overall, in the exposure of L. sativa seeds to individual pharmaceuticals there are indications of acute toxicity in the early plant growth. However, this inhibitory effect tends to be cancelled in the acute exposure to mixtures. This study shows the importance of evaluating the toxicity of mixtures of pharmaceuticals, since they might have distinct toxic effects when compared to the single compounds, and also because, probably, it is the closest scenario to the reality that can be found in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Rede
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- ICRA - Catalan Institute for Water Research, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Sandra Ramos
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; CEAUL - Centro de Estatística e Aplicações da Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C6 - Piso 4, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; LEMA, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169 - 007 Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cristina Antão
- Equilibrium, Laboratório de Controlo de Qualidade e de Processo, Lda., Praceta João Villaret, n.° 183, 4460-337 Senhora da Hora, Portugal
| | - Susana R Sousa
- ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, U. Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; ISEP - Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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183
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Oberoi AS, Jia Y, Zhang H, Khanal SK, Lu H. Insights into the Fate and Removal of Antibiotics in Engineered Biological Treatment Systems: A Critical Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:7234-7264. [PMID: 31244081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics, the most frequently prescribed drugs of modern medicine, are extensively used for both human and veterinary applications. Antibiotics from different wastewater sources (e.g., municipal, hospitals, animal production, and pharmaceutical industries) ultimately are discharged into wastewater treatment plants. Sorption and biodegradation are the two major removal pathways of antibiotics during biological wastewater treatment processes. This review provides the fundamental insights into sorption mechanisms and biodegradation pathways of different classes of antibiotics with diverse physical-chemical attributes. Important factors affecting sorption and biodegradation behavior of antibiotics are also highlighted. Furthermore, this review also sheds light on the critical role of extracellular polymeric substances on antibiotics adsorption and their removal in engineered biological wastewater treatment systems. Despite major advancements, engineered biological wastewater treatment systems are only moderately effective (48-77%) in the removal of antibiotics. In this review, we systematically summarize the behavior and removal of different antibiotics in various biological treatment systems with discussion on their removal efficiency, removal mechanisms, critical bioreactor operating conditions affecting antibiotics removal, and recent innovative advancements. Besides, relevant background information including antibiotics classification, physical-chemical properties, and their occurrence in the environment from different sources is also briefly covered. This review aims to advance our understanding of the fate of various classes of antibiotics in engineered biological wastewater treatment systems and outlines future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay , Hong Kong
| | | | - Samir Kumar Khanal
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering , University of Hawaii at Ma̅noa , 1955 East-West Road , Honolulu , Hawaii 96822 , United States
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184
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Krakkó D, Licul-Kucera V, Záray G, Mihucz VG. Single-run ultra-high performance liquid chromatography for quantitative determination of ultra-traces of ten popular active pharmaceutical ingredients by quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry after offline preconcentration by solid phase extraction from drinking and river waters as well as treated wastewater. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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185
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Szymańska U, Wiergowski M, Sołtyszewski I, Kuzemko J, Wiergowska G, Woźniak MK. Presence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment in Europe and their analytical monitoring: Recent trends and perspectives. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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186
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Almakki A, Jumas-Bilak E, Marchandin H, Licznar-Fajardo P. Antibiotic resistance in urban runoff. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:64-76. [PMID: 30826682 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems subjected to anthropogenic pressures are places of rapid evolution of microbial communities and likely hotspots for selection and emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In urban settings, water quality and the risk of infection are generally assessed in sewers and in effluents of wastewater treatment plants. Physical and chemical parameters as well as the presence of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes of resistance are driven by urban activities, with adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems. In this paper we review the environmental pressures exerted on bacterial communities in urban runoff waters and discuss the impact of these settings on antibiotic resistance. Considering the worrisome epidemiology of infectious diseases and estimated mortality due to antimicrobial resistance in the coming decades, there is an urgent need to identify all environmental reservoirs of resistant bacteria and resistance genes to complete our knowledge of the epidemiological cycle and of the dynamics of urban antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayad Almakki
- HSM, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Basrah, Iraq
| | - Estelle Jumas-Bilak
- HSM, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Marchandin
- HSM, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France, Département de Microbiologie, CHU Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Patricia Licznar-Fajardo
- HSM, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Département d'Hygiène Hospitalière, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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187
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Separation of Levofloxacin from Industry Effluents Using Novel Magnetic Nanocomposite and Membranes Hybrid Processes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5276841. [PMID: 31080821 PMCID: PMC6475564 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5276841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MCN) was synthesized from waste biomass precursor, pineapple. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using different instrumental techniques and was used to remove levofloxacin (LEV) from effluents. The maximum sorption of LEV was observed at pH 7. Pseudo-2nd-order (PSO) kinetic was found to be the best model that fits well the adsorption kinetics data. For Langmuir adsorption isotherm, the R2 value was higher as compared with other isotherms. The Van't Hoff equation was used for thermodynamic parameters determinations. ΔS° (standard entropy) was positive and ΔG° (standard Gibb's free energy) was negative: -0.37, -1.81, and -3.73 kJmol−1 corresponding to 25, 40, and 60°C. The negative values of ΔG° at different temperatures stipulate that the adsorption of LEV was spontaneous in nature and adsorbent has a considerable affinity for LEV molecules. The MCN was then utilized in hybrid way by connecting with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes in series and as a result enhanced permeate fluxes were observed. The percent retention of LEV molecules was lower with UF membrane and with NF it was 96%, while it was 100% with RO. For MCN/UF and MCN/NF systems, improvement in % retention was recorded.
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188
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Fernández L, Gamallo M, González-Gómez MA, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Rivas J, Pintado M, Moreira MT. Insight into antibiotics removal: Exploring the photocatalytic performance of a Fe 3O 4/ZnO nanocomposite in a novel magnetic sequential batch reactor. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 237:595-608. [PMID: 30826641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was the preparation and photocatalytic evaluation of a novel nanocomposite (NC) based on Fe3O4/ZnO, to eliminate four persistent antibiotics in surface waters: sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, erythromycin and roxithromycin. Prior to the operation of the photocatalytic reactor, the influence of pH (3-9), catalyst concentration (50-800 mg L-1), oxidant dose (0-100 mg L-1) and concentration of different targets (10-100 μg L-1) on the catalytic efficiency was evaluated. The analysis of reaction kinetics showed that degradation processes of the four antibiotics followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Antibiotics adsorption onto the nanocomposite surface depended on their electrostatic nature and played an important role when decreasing the initial concentration of antibiotics. In this context, kinetic rates were higher at lower initial levels of organic pollutants, which is a favourable effect from a practical application perspective. On the other hand, a synergistic effect of the available Fe in the nanocomposite was found, contributing to the oxidation of antibiotics by photo-Fenton as a secondary reaction. Then, a magnetic photocatalytic reactor was operated under optimal conditions. The enhanced photonic efficiency of Fe3O4/ZnO in the system, as well as the ease of the magnetic separation and catalyst reusability, indicate the viability of this reactor configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fernández
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M Gamallo
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M A González-Gómez
- Laboratory of Magnetism and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technological Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Vázquez-Vázquez
- Laboratory of Magnetism and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technological Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Rivas
- Laboratory of Magnetism and Nanotechnology, Institute of Technological Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Pintado
- Centre of Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4202-401, Porto, Portugal
| | - M T Moreira
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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189
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Bellver-Domingo Á, Maldonado-Devis M, Hernández-Sancho F, Carmona E, Picó Y. Identification of effective parameters for anti-inflammatory concentration in València City's wastewater using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:110-124. [PMID: 30711579 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current literature about pharmaceutical and personal care compounds (PPCPs) focuses on identifying their concentration and toxicological risk both in surface water and in wastewater. However, the influence of urban areas (population ageing, income level, hospitals and others) has not yet been analysed. Knowing how a population (and its facilities) affects PPCPs' presence in wastewater is important to identify the conditions that are responsible for their presence. In this work, the influence of water consumption, population ageing, income level, hospitals and nursing homes on the anti-inflammatory concentration have been analysed. To fill the gap between the quantitative data on PPCPs' concentration and the qualitative reasoning of the influence of urban areas on the anti-inflammatory concentration, the use of fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) is proposed. The fsQCA results are presented as recipes that show the different causal combinations of conditions that explain the presence of anti-inflammatories in wastewater. Using fsQCA for urban wastewater management with the aim of explaining the presence of anti-inflammatories in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a novelty in the literature. The results obtained here show the influence of water consumption (WATCON), hospitals (HOSP) and population ageing (POPAG) as the main conditions for the anti-inflammatory concentration in Valèncian wastewater. Specifically, these conditions are present in all the recipes obtained with consistency of 99%. Through the results obtained, it would be possible to identify that HOSP are the main facilities that discharge anti-inflammatories into urban wastewater. Hence, the necessity of preventive measures to avoid the anti-inflammatory discharge into water bodies has been showed. Furthermore, under a methodological point of view, this work highlights the eligibility of fsQCA as a wastewater cycle management tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Bellver-Domingo
- Water Economic Group, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
| | - Mónica Maldonado-Devis
- Water Economic Group, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Francesc Hernández-Sancho
- Water Economic Group, Faculty of Economics, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, s/n, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Eric Carmona
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-GV-UV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE-GV-UV), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain
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190
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Reichert JF, Souza DM, Martins AF. Antipsychotic drugs in hospital wastewater and a preliminary risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 170:559-567. [PMID: 30576891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The residues of pharmaceutical and personal care products are the cause of increasing concern around the world. The aim of this study was to carry out the quantification of six antipsychotic drugs in hospital wastewater with the aid of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and, subsequently, make a preliminary assessment of the environmental risk posed. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and solid phase extraction were optimized by multivariate design and validated in compliance with international guidelines. The extraction procedures were successfully applied to the quantification of the six selected antipsychotics in samples that were formed each day and collected at two main sampling points of the sewage network over the period of a week, in December 2017. Olanzapine (0.31─0.52 µg L-1), clozapine (0.56─0.97 µg L-1), haloperidol (1.43─2.73 µg L-1), risperidone (0.92─0.98 µg L-1) and chlorpromazine (0.52 µg L-1) were found in at least one sampling point. In the case of most analytes, the highest concentrations were determined at sampling point A, which are derived from the psychiatric wing. The environmental risk quotient for clozapine, chlorpromazine and risperidone was ˃600, a very high-risk index, which signals the need for a better control of the emission of antipsychotics and an improvement of the wastewater treatment, especially, with regard to wastewater discharged from the hospital psychiatric wing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline F Reichert
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Darliana M Souza
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ayrton F Martins
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Campus Camobi, CEP 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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191
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Luja-Mondragón M, Gómez-Oliván LM, SanJuan-Reyes N, Islas-Flores H, Orozco-Hernández JM, Heredia-García G, Galar-Martínez M, Dublán-García O. Alterations to embryonic development and teratogenic effects induced by a hospital effluent on Cyprinus carpio oocytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:751-764. [PMID: 30743961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hospital functioning generates a great quantity of contaminants, among which organic materials, heavy metals, and diverse pharmaceuticals are noteworthy that can affect organisms if they are not properly removed from the effluents. The hospital effluent evaluated in the present study came from IMSS (Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social) Clinic 221 in downtown Toluca, State of Mexico, a secondary care facility. The contaminants identified in hospitals have been associated with deleterious effects on aquatic organisms; however, it is necessary to continue with more studies in order to be able to regulate the production of said contaminants which are generally dumped into the city sewage system. The present study had the purpose of evaluating the alterations to embryonic development and teratogenic effects on oocytes Cyprinus carpio after exposure to different proportions of hospital effluent. For said purpose, the physicochemical properties of the effluent were determined. Concentrations of the main microcontaminants were also determined. An embryolethality study out and the determination of the main alterations to embryonic development and teratogenic effects produced, due to exposure of C. carpio at different proportions of the effluent, were carried out. The results showed that the physicochemical properties were within the values permitted by Mexican regulation; however, the presence of contaminants such as NaClO, metals, anti-biotics, anti-diabetics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones and beta-blockers, was detected. Lethal concentration 50 was 5.65% and the effective concentration for malformations was 3.85%, with a teratogenic index of 1.46. The main teratogenic alterations were yolk deformation, scoliosis, modified chorda structure, tail malformation, fin deformity and mouth hyperplasia. A high rate of hatching delay was observed. The results suggest that the hospital effluent under study is capable of inducing embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in oocytes of C. carpio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlenne Luja-Mondragón
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Intersection of Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan, Residencial Colón neighborhood, 50120 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Leobardo Manuel Gómez-Oliván
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Intersection of Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan, Residencial Colón neighborhood, 50120 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico.
| | - Nely SanJuan-Reyes
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, National Institute of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Adolfo López Mateos Professional Unit, Wilfrido Massieu Ave., Gustavo A. Madero District, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Hariz Islas-Flores
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Intersection of Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan, Residencial Colón neighborhood, 50120 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Orozco-Hernández
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Intersection of Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan, Residencial Colón neighborhood, 50120 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Heredia-García
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Intersection of Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan, Residencial Colón neighborhood, 50120 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Marcela Galar-Martínez
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, National Institute of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Adolfo López Mateos Professional Unit, Wilfrido Massieu Ave., Gustavo A. Madero District, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
| | - Octavio Dublán-García
- Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Intersection of Paseo Colón and Paseo Tollocan, Residencial Colón neighborhood, 50120 Toluca, State of Mexico, Mexico
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192
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Kosma CI, Nannou CI, Boti VI, Albanis TA. Psychiatrics and selected metabolites in hospital and urban wastewaters: Occurrence, removal, mass loading, seasonal influence and risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 659:1473-1483. [PMID: 31096357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, removal, mass loading, seasonal influence and environmental risk assessment of nine psychiatric pharmaceuticals and four of their selected metabolites, were studied in one hospital and one urban wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Ioannina city, in northwestern Greece, providing information about the efficiency of the plants and their contribution into the final receiver's flow. Samples were collected from the influents and the effluents of the plants in different sampling campaigns, from July to December 2016. Analytical methodology was based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry, after solid-phase extraction through Oasis HLB cartridges. Concentrations in both WWTPs ranged between <LOQ and 1126.3 ng/L in the influents and between <LOQ and 1127.4 ng/L, in the effluents. Results indicated that venlafaxine and its metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine were the most frequently detected compounds in the influents and the effluents of both WWTPs. Metabolite to parent compound ratio ranged in the influents between 0.01 and 87.2 while in the effluents between 0.01 and 47.7. Based on mass loads in the influents, venlafaxine is consumed in high amounts (up to 67.1 mg/day/1000 inhab.), and consequently its metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine (up to 139.1 mg/day/1000 inhab.). Similarly to the influents, environmental emissions, were also higher for venlafaxine and O-desmethyl venlafaxine (10.1 and 13.3 mg/d/1000 inhab., respectively). Removal efficiencies in the hospital WWTP ranged from -100% to 98.9%, while in the city WWTP from -49.9% to 99.8%. Furthermore, an important outcome was the evaluation of the potential ecotoxicological risk, by means of risk quotients (RQs), where none of the target psychiatrics or their metabolites showed RQ above 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina I Kosma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | | | - Vasiliki I Boti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
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193
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Azuma T, Otomo K, Kunitou M, Shimizu M, Hosomaru K, Mikata S, Ishida M, Hisamatsu K, Yunoki A, Mino Y, Hayashi T. Environmental fate of pharmaceutical compounds and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in hospital effluents, and contributions to pollutant loads in the surface waters in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:476-484. [PMID: 30550911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Environmental fate of 58 pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) grouped into 11 therapeutic classes in the three different waters, hospital effluent, sewage treatment plant (STP) and river water, was estimated by combination of their quantitative concentration analysis and evaluation of their extent of contribution as loading sources. At the same time, distribution of six classes of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) in the same water samples was estimated by screening of individual PhC-resistant microbes grown on each specific chromogenic medium. The results indicate that 48 PhCs were detected ranged from 1 ng/L (losartan carboxylic acid) to 228 μg/L (acetaminophen sulfate) in hospital effluent, and contribution of the pollution load derived from hospital effluent to STP influent was estimated as 0.1% to 15%. On the other hand, contribution of STP effluent to river water was high, 32% to 60% for antibacterials, antipertensives and X-ray contrast media. In the cases for AMRB, detected numbers of colonies of AMRB in hospital effluent ranged from 29 CFU/mL to 1805 CFU/mL, and the estimated contribution of the AMRB pollution load derived from hospital effluent to STP influent was as low as 0.1% (levofloxacin and olmesartan) to 5.1% (N-desmethyl tamoxifen). Although the contribution of STPs as loading sources of PhCs and AMRB in surface waters was large, ozonation as an advanced water treatment system effectively removed a wide range of both PhCs and AMRB in water samples. These results suggest the importance of reducing environmental pollutant loads (not only at STPs but also at medical facilities) before being discharged into the surface waters, to both conserve water and keep the water environment safe. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the distribution and contribution of AMRB from hospital effluent to the surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Azuma
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Kana Otomo
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Mari Kunitou
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Mai Shimizu
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kaori Hosomaru
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shiori Mikata
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Mao Ishida
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Kanae Hisamatsu
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ayami Yunoki
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Mino
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hayashi
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
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194
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Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor K, Mlsna T, Pittman CU, Mohan D. Pharmaceuticals of Emerging Concern in Aquatic Systems: Chemistry, Occurrence, Effects, and Removal Methods. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3510-3673. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 827] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manvendra Patel
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kamal Kishor
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Todd Mlsna
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Charles U. Pittman
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, United States
| | - Dinesh Mohan
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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195
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Llorca M, Castellet-Rovira F, Farré MJ, Jaén-Gil A, Martínez-Alonso M, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Sarrà M, Barceló D. Fungal biodegradation of the N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine in water. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:346-356. [PMID: 30577003 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressant drugs such as Venlafaxine (VFX) and O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODMVFX) are emerging contaminants that are commonly detected in aquatic environments, since conventional wastewater treatment plants are unable to completely remove them. They can be precursors of hazardous by-products, such as the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), generated upon water chlorination, as they contain the dimethylamino moiety, necessary for the formation of NDMA. In this study, the capability of three white rot fungi (Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma lucidum and Pleurotus ostreatus) to remove both antidepressants from water and to decrease NDMA formation potential was investigated. Furthermore, transformation by-products (TPs) generated along the treatment process were elucidated and also correlated with their NDMA formation potential. Very promising results were obtained for T. versicolor and G. lucidum, both being able to remove up to 100% of ODMVFX. In the case of VFX, which is very recalcitrant to conventional wastewater treatment, a 70% of removal was achieved by T. versicolor, along with a reduction in NDMA formation potential, thus decreasing the associated problems for human health and the environment. However, the NDMA formation potential remained practically constant during treatment with G. lucidum despite of the equally high VFX removal (70%). This difference was attributed to the generation of different TPs during both fungal treatments. For example, G. lucidum generated more ODMVFX, which actually has a higher NDMA formation potential than the parent compound itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Llorca
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Castellet-Rovira
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María-José Farré
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Adrián Jaén-Gil
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain
| | - Maira Martínez-Alonso
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Sarrà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Engineering School, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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196
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Pereda O, Acuña V, von Schiller D, Sabater S, Elosegi A. Immediate and legacy effects of urban pollution on river ecosystem functioning: A mesocosm experiment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:960-970. [PMID: 30597797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Effluents from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) consist of complex mixtures of substances that can affect processes in the receiving ecosystems. Some of these substances (toxic contaminants) stress biological activity at all concentrations, while others (e.g., nutrients) subsidize it at low concentrations and stress it above a threshold, causing subsidy-stress responses. Thus, the overall effects of WWTP effluents depend mostly on their composition and the dilution capacity of the receiving water bodies. We assessed the immediate and legacy effects of WWTP effluents in artificial streams, where we measured the uptake of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by the biofilm, biomass accrual, benthic metabolism and organic matter decomposition (OMD). In a first phase (32 d), the channels were subjected to a gradient of effluent contribution, from pure stream water to pure effluent. WWTP effluent affected the ecosystem processes we measured, although we found no clear subsidy-stress patterns except for biofilm biomass accrual. Instead, most of the processes were subsidized, although they showed complex and process-specific patterns. Benthic metabolism and OMD were subsidized without saturation, as they peaked at medium and high levels of pollution, respectively, but they never fell below control levels. SRP uptake was the only process that decreased with increasing effluent concentration. In a second phase of the experiment (23 d), all channels were kept on pure stream water to analyse the legacy effects of the effluent. For most of the processes, there were clear legacy effects, which followed either subsidy, stress, or subsidy-stress patterns. SRP uptake capacity was stressed with increasing pollution legacy, whereas algal accrual and benthic metabolism continued being subsidized. Conversely, biofilm biomass accrual and OMD showed no legacy effects. Overall, the WWTP effluent caused complex and process-specific responses in our experiment, mainly driven by the mixed contribution of subsidizers and stressors. These results help improving our understanding of the effects of urban pollution on stream ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Pereda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Vicenç Acuña
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Daniel von Schiller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sergi Sabater
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Arturo Elosegi
- Faculty of Science and Technology, the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), PO Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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197
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García-Espinoza JD, Mijaylova Nacheva P. Effect of electrolytes on the simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of sulfamethoxazole, propranolol and carbamazepine: behaviors, by-products and acute toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:6855-6867. [PMID: 30635885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-4020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of supporting electrolytes on the simultaneous electrochemical oxidation of the pharmaceuticals sulfamethoxazole (SMX), propranolol (PRO), and carbamazepine (CBZ) in aqueous solutions has been studied. Based on the identified by-products, the degradation mechanisms were proposed and the acute toxicity was evaluated for each electrolyte. Assays were carried out in batch mode in a 2 L undivided reactor using a niobium coated with boron-doped diamond (Nb/BDD) mesh anode and Ti cathode at 2.5 A in presence of different supporting electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaCl, or NaBr) at the same concentration of 7 mM. The degradation rates were higher in the assays with NaCl and NaBr. Reaction by-products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Indirect oxidation by electrogenerated reactive halogen species (RHS) was the main mechanism when halide ions were used as electrolytes. Ten by-products were detected using Na2SO4 as electrolyte, while 19 (12 non-halogenated and 7 halogenated) and 20 (10 non-halogenated and 10 halogenated) using NaCl and NaBr respectively. The proposed degradation pathways involve transformation (hydroxylation, deamination, desulfonation, and halogenation) and bond rupture to produce less molecular weight compounds and their further transformation until total degradation. Chlorinated and brominated by-products confirm halogenation reactions. The electrogenerated RHS presented a significant inhibition effect on Vibrio fischeri; nevertheless, acute toxicity was not presented using Na2SO4 as electrolyte and a pharmaceutical concentration of 5 μg/L. In this view, the role of the supporting electrolyte in electrochemical oxidation process is crucial since it strongly influence degradation rate, by-products, and acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué Daniel García-Espinoza
- National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, Campus IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Petia Mijaylova Nacheva
- Mexican Institute of Water Technology (IMTA), Paseo Cuauhnahuac 8532, Progreso, 62550, Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.
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198
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Xu J, Sun H, Zhang Y, Alder AC. Occurrence and enantiomer profiles of β-blockers in wastewater and a receiving water body and adjacent soil in Tianjin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1122-1130. [PMID: 30308800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A total of 58 samples were collected from hospitals, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a receiving water body (Dagu Drainage Canal, DDC), and adjacent farmland in Tianjin City, China, in May and November 2013 and were analyzed for five common β-blockers (atenolol, sotalol, metoprolol, propranolol, and nadolol) to elucidate their source, occurrence and fate in a typical city in China. The profiles of the enantiomers of the β-blockers in some samples were examined. Sotalol, metoprolol and propranolol were frequently detected, atenolol was less frequently detected, and nadolol was mostly not detected. Generally, the concentrations in hospital wastewaters occurred from <LOQ to 10 μg/L, while concentrations in municipal WWTP water samples ranged from <LOQ to 5.2 μg/L. Hence, both hospitals and WWTPs acted as sources of β-blockers in the environment. Sotalol, metoprolol and propranolol were determined in soils adjacent to the DDC with concentrations up to hundreds of ng/kg in the topsoil and declining levels in the subsoil. Seasonal variation was observed with samples obtained in May showing higher concentrations, both in the canal and the adjacent soil, which could be ascribed to greater consumption of these drugs, lower temperature and less precipitation in the spring and the former winter. Enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of metoprolol and propranolol in soil samples showed a trend of enrichment of E1 (first-eluted) compared to E2 (second-eluted), while sotalol was almost racemic. In the DDC, no significant difference was found for the pair enantiomers of each β-blocker, while in hospital and WWTP wastewaters, E1 predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Alfredo C Alder
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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199
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Straub JO, Caldwell DJ, Davidson T, D'Aco V, Kappler K, Robinson PF, Simon-Hettich B, Tell J. Environmental risk assessment of metformin and its transformation product guanylurea. I. Environmental fate. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 216:844-854. [PMID: 30449313 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metformin (MET) is a pharmaceutical with very high use worldwide that is excreted in unchanged form, leading to concern about potential aquatic life impacts associated with MET, and its primary transformation product guanylurea (GUU). This study presents, in two companion papers, a risk assessment following internationally accepted guidelines of MET and GUU in surface water based on literature data, previously unpublished studies, and a new degradation test that resolves conflicting earlier results. Previous studies have shown that MET is removed during sewage treatment, primarily through transformation to GUU. In addition, measurements in WWTPs suggest that MET is not only transformed to GUU, but that GUU is further biodegraded. A prolonged inherent biodegradation test strongly suggests not only primary transformation of MET to GUU, but also subsequent full mineralization of GUU, with both degradation phases starting after a clear lag phase. MET may partition from surface water to sediment, where both transformation to GUU and in part mineralization is possible, depending on the presence of competent degrading microorganisms. In addition, MET may form non-extractable residues in sediments (12.8-73.5%). Both MET and GUU may be anaerobically degraded during sludge digestion, in soils or in sediments. Bioconcentration factor (BCF) values in crops and most plants are close to 1 suggesting low bioaccumulation potential, moreover, at least some plants can metabolize MET to GUU; however, in aquatic plants higher BCFs were found, up to 53. Similarly, neither MET nor GUU are expected to bioaccumulate in fish based on estimated values of BCFs ≤3.16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Todd Davidson
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Vincent D'Aco
- BSI EHS Services and Solutions, 1187, Main Avenue, Clifton, NJ, USA.
| | - Kelly Kappler
- Johnson and Johnson, 410 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| | - Paul F Robinson
- Knoell Consult Ltd., 22 Cathedral Road, Cardiff, CF11 9LJ, United Kingdom; AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Cheshire, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Joan Tell
- Merck Sharp & Dohme, 2000, Galloping Hill Road, Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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200
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Nguyen TT, Bui XT, Dang BT, Ngo HH, Jahng D, Fujioka T, Chen SS, Dinh QT, Nguyen CN, Nguyen PTV. Effect of ciprofloxacin dosages on the performance of sponge membrane bioreactor treating hospital wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 273:573-580. [PMID: 30476866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate treatment performance and membrane fouling of a lab-scale Sponge-MBR under the added ciprofloxacin (CIP) dosages (20; 50; 100 and 200 µg L-1) treating hospital wastewater. The results showed that Sponge-MBR exhibited effective removal of COD (94-98%) during the operation period despite increment of CIP concentrations from 20 to 200 µg L-1. The applied CIP dosage of 200 µg L-1 caused an inhibition of microorganisms in sponges, i.e. significant reduction of the attached biomass and a decrease in the size of suspended flocs. Moreover, this led to deteriorating the denitrification rate to 3-12% compared to 35% at the other lower CIP dosages. Importantly, Sponge-MBR reinforced the stability of CIP removal at various added CIP dosages (permeate of below 13 µg L-1). Additionally, the fouling rate at CIP dosage of 200 µg L-1 was 30.6 times lower compared to the control condition (no added CIP dosage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh-Tin Nguyen
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group & Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Xuan-Thanh Bui
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource, University of Technology, Viet Nam National University - Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Bao-Trong Dang
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Huu-Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Deokjin Jahng
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Republic of Korea
| | - Takahiro Fujioka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Shiao-Shing Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Quoc-Tuc Dinh
- NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Cong-Nguyen Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Da Lat University, Viet Nam
| | - Phan-Thai-Vy Nguyen
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resource, University of Technology, Viet Nam National University - Ho Chi Minh, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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