151
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Liu Q, Huang C, Li W, Fang Z, Le XC. Discovery and Identification of Arsenolipids Using a Precursor-Finder Strategy and Data-Independent Mass Spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3836-3844. [PMID: 33667084 PMCID: PMC8009509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenolipids are a class of lipid-soluble arsenic species. They are present in seafoods and show high potentials of cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Hindered by traditional low-throughput analytical techniques, the characterization of arsenolipids is far from complete. Here, we report on a sensitive and high-throughput screening method for arsenolipids in krill oil, tuna fillets, hairtail heads, and kelp. We demonstrate the detection and identification of 23 arsenolipids, including novel arsenic-containing fatty acids (AsFAs), hydroxylated AsFAs, arsenic-containing hydrocarbons (AsHCs), hydroxylated AsHCs, thiolated trimethylarsinic acids, and arsenic-containing lysophosphatidylcholines not previously reported. The new method incorporated precursor ion scan (PIS) into data-independent acquisition. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-qToF-MS) was used to perform the sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra (SWATH). Comprehensive HPLC-MS and MS/MS data were further processed using a fragment-guided chromatographic computational program Precursorfinder developed here. Precursorfinder achieved efficient peak-picking, retention time comparison, hierarchical clustering, and wavelet coherence calculations to assemble fragment features with their target precursors. The identification of arsenolipids was supported by coeluting the HPLC-MS peaks detected with the characteristic fragments of arsenolipids. Method validation using available arsenic standards and the successful identification of previously unknown arsenolipids in seafood samples demonstrated the applicability of the method for environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- College
of Resources and Environment, Southwest
University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest
University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System (Southwest
University), Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- College
of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhenzheng Fang
- College
of Resources and Environment, Southwest
University, Tiansheng Road No.2, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - X. Chris Le
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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152
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Mohamed F, Gaw S, Glover CN. Spatial and temporal change in trace element profiles in seawater, sediment and mussels associated with an earthquake rubble sea-fill. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112034. [PMID: 33517092 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elemental profiles in seawater, sediment and green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) were determined, following the deposition of earthquake demolition rubble into a newly developed sea-fill located adjacent to a busy commercial port with a history of diverse contaminant inputs. Zinc and lead displayed environmental concentrations that varied over time during sea-fill construction, and which declined with distance from the sea-fill, indicating that the sea-fill activity was the source of these two contaminants. A transplantation study using reference site mussels caged near the sea-fill, supported this finding. However, none of the trace metal burdens in resident or transplanted mussels were of regulatory concern. An integrated approach comprising the monitoring of multiple environmental matrices, examination of contaminant burdens as a function of time and distance from a putative point source, and the use of active biomonitoring techniques, is necessary to robustly identify novel contamination inputs in historically-polluted marine settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathimath Mohamed
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Chris N Glover
- Faculty of Science and Technology and Athabasca River Basin Research Institute, Athabasca University, Athabasca, Alberta, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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153
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Fakhri Y, Sarafraz M. Refer to Human exposure to trace metals and arsenic via consumption of fish from river Chenab, Pakistan and associated health risks by Alamdar et al. (2017). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 267:129002. [PMID: 33248727 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mansour Sarafraz
- Environmental Health Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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154
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Yoshinaga J, Narukawa T. Dietary intake and urinary excretion of methylated arsenicals of Japanese adults consuming marine foods and rice. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:622-629. [PMID: 33625959 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2021.1877836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intake and urinary excretion of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine (AsB) were measured in 150 adult Japanese subjects. Duplicate diet (DD) samples and first void of urine on the next morning of DD sampling day were collected and analysed for arsenic species with liquid chromatography-ICP mass spectrometry. Median (min-max) intakes of MMA, DMA and AsB were <2.3 (<2.3-<2.3), 4.57 (<2.3-24.3), and 13.6 (<2.4-231) μg As/day, respectively, and median urinary concentrations were 1.90 (<0.37-26.), 21.9 (<0.27-141) and 19.6 (<0.37-1063) ng As/mg creatinine, respectively. Interrelationships between intake levels and urinary concentrations were mostly significant with positive coefficients indicating mutual association due to co-exposure, metabolism and/or dietary habit. Urinary concentrations and intake levels of AsB were also positively correlated confirming the applicability of urine analysis as biomarker of exposure. The present descriptive results provide with essential piece of information in assessing health risk of methylated arsenicals for population who consume marine products and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yoshinaga
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Toyo University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Narukawa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Sciences and Technology, Ibaraki, Japan
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155
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Charette T, Bueno Dalto D, Rosabal M, Matte JJ, Amyot M. Assessment of In Vitro Bioaccessibility and In Vivo Oral Bioavailability as Complementary Tools to Better Understand the Effect of Cooking on Methylmercury, Arsenic, and Selenium in Tuna. TOXICS 2021; 9:27. [PMID: 33546146 PMCID: PMC7913187 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fish consumption is the main exposure pathway of the neurotoxicant methylmercury (MeHg) in humans. The risk associated with exposure to MeHg may be modified by its interactions with selenium (Se) and arsenic (As). In vitro bioaccessibility studies have demonstrated that cooking the fish muscle decreases MeHg solubility markedly and, as a consequence, its potential absorption by the consumer. However, this phenomenon has yet to be validated by in vivo models. Our study aimed to test whether MeHg bioaccessibility can be used as a surrogate to assess the effect of cooking on MeHg in vivo availability. We fed pigs raw and cooked tuna meals and collected blood samples from catheters in the portal vein and carotid artery at: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 480 and 540 min post-meal. In contrast to in vitro models, pig oral bioavailability of MeHg was not affected by cooking, although the MeHg kinetics of absorption was faster for the cooked meal than for the raw meal. We conclude that bioaccessibility should not be readily used as a direct surrogate for in vivo studies and that, in contrast with the in vitro results, the cooking of fish muscle did not decrease the exposure of the consumer to MeHg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Charette
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
| | - Danyel Bueno Dalto
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (D.B.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie et en Environnement Aquatique (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue du Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada;
| | - J. Jacques Matte
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada; (D.B.D.); (J.J.M.)
| | - Marc Amyot
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Complexe des Sciences, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada;
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156
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Charette T, Rosabal M, Amyot M. Mapping metal (Hg, As, Se), lipid and protein levels within fish muscular system in two fish species (Striped Bass and Northern Pike). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129036. [PMID: 33272671 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Current guidelines tend to limit fish consumption based on mercury (Hg) or monomethylmercury (MeHg) content in fish flesh, without considering the presence of antagonist chemical elements that could modulate Hg toxicity. However, it is difficult to assess the potential for antagonistic interactions of these elements since their covariation within muscle tissues is poorly known. Here we present the first study simultaneously mapping multiple metal(oid)s (Hg, As and Se), lipids and proteins in fish fillets in order to assess the magnitude of intra-organ variability of metals and the potential for antagonistic interactions. We mapped two fish species (Striped Bass and Northern Pike) with contrasting muscular structure with respect to the presence of white, intermediate and red muscles. In individual Striped Bass muscle tissues, metals varied on average by 2.2-fold. Methylmercury and selenium covaried strongly and were related to protein content as assessed by % N; arsenic was inversely related to these elements and was associated with the lipid fraction of the muscle. In Pike, no such relationship was found because the contents in proteins and lipids were less variable. Arsenic speciation revealed that arsenobetaine and arsenolipids were the only As species in those fish species, whereas the toxic inorganic As species (As3+) was under the detection limit. Arsenobetaine was related to % N, whereas arsenolipids covaried with % lipids. Elemental associations found with muscle lipids and proteins could help explain changes in bioaccumulation patterns within and between individuals with potential implications on fish toxicology, biomonitoring and human consumption guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Charette
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Complexe des Sciences, C.P., 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141 Avenue Du Président-Kennedy, Montreal, H2X1Y4, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Complexe des Sciences, C.P., 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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157
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Liu R, Jiang W, Li F, Pan Y, Wang C, Tian H. Occurrence, partition, and risk of seven heavy metals in sediments, seawater, and organisms from the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula, Yellow Sea, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111771. [PMID: 33307318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a systematic knowledge on occurrence, partition, and risk of seven heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg, and As) in multi-media of marine ecosystem, sediments, seawater, and 20 species of organisms were collected from 62 sites in the eastern sea area of Shandong Peninsula, located in Yellow Sea (China), in four seasons of 2016. The concentrations were in the low-middle level compared with values from other sea areas all over the world. The highest concentrations of most of the seven elements were detected in sediments and seawater near the coastline. LogKd (distribution coefficient of sediment/water) ranged from 3.3 to 4.7. Concentrations of heavy metals in mollusc and/or crustacea were generally higher than that in fish (especially pelagic species), and while there was no significant relationships between pollutant concentrations and trophic levels. Cd and As were the most bio-accumulative elements, and As in mollusc may pose low non-carcinogenic risk We suggest that in the studied area heavy metals are mainly sourced from terrestrial input, preferentially retained by sediments, then accumulated in mollusc, and finally entered human body through mollusc consumption. Our study sounds an alarm for stricter control of metal emissions into this sea area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weiwei Jiang
- North China Sea Marine Forecasting Center of State Oceanic Administrator, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China
| | - Fujuan Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, China
| | - Yulong Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, China
| | - Chunhui Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Environment and Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China; North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center of State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, Shandong, 266033, China.
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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158
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Guo L, Dou X, Zou R, Guo X, Liu X, Tang H. The mycobiome in murine intestine is more perturbed by food arsenic exposure than in excreted feces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 753:141871. [PMID: 32891997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a global pollutant that can accumulate in rice and has been confirmed to disturb the gut microbiome. By contrast, the influence on the gut mycobiome is seldom concerned because fungi comprise a numerically small proportion of the whole gut microcommunity. To expand the detection of the mycobiome in different gut sections of mammals and investigate the influence of food arsenic on the gut mycobiome in the digestive tract, we treated mice with feeds containing different compositions of arsenic species (7.3% sodium arsenate, 72.7% sodium arsenite, 1.0% sodium monomethylarsonate, and 19.0% sodium dimethylarsinate) in rice at a total arsenic dose of 30 mg/kg. After 60 days of exposure, the feces of four different sites, the ileum, cecum, colon, and excreted feces, were collected and analyzed by internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing. Among the samples, the major fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota; the top 10 fungal genera were Aspergillus, Verticillium, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Ophiocordyceps, Trametes, Mucor, and Nigrospora. In control mice, along the murine digestive tract, the mycobial richness and composition were significantly changed; Aspergillus and Penicillium possessed the higher ability to be stabilized in the murine gut, and larger proportions of positive correlations were observed among the major fungi. After arsenic exposure, the fungal composition was more disturbed in the intestinal tract than in feces. Along the digestive tract, arsenic can trigger larger mycobial variations, and the sensitivities of major fungi to arsenic were changed. Thus, the murine intestinal spatial mycobiota are more perturbed than excreted fecal mycobiota after food arsenic exposure. Feces are insufficient to be selected as a representative of the gut mycobiota in arsenic exposure studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xinghao Dou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xuming Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaoshan Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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159
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Osuna-Martínez CC, Armienta MA, Bergés-Tiznado ME, Páez-Osuna F. Arsenic in waters, soils, sediments, and biota from Mexico: An environmental review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142062. [PMID: 33207489 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed over 226 studies dealing with arsenic (As) in water bodies (124 sites or regions; 5,834 samples), soils (44; 2,700), sediments (56; 765), rocks (6; 85), mine waste (25; 582), continental plants (17 (77 species); 571), continental animals (10 (32 species); 3,525) and aquatic organisms (27 (100 species) 2,417) in Mexico. In general, higher As concentrations were associated with specific regions in the states of Hidalgo (21 sites), San Luis Potosi (SLP) (19), Baja California Sur (15), Zacatecas (5), and Morelos (4). High As levels have been detected in drinking water in certain locations of Coahuila (up to 435 μg L-1) and Sonora (up to 1004 μg L-1); in continental surficial water in Puebla (up to 780 μg L-1) and Matehuala, SLP (up to 8684 μg L-1); in groundwater in SLP (up to 16,000 μg L-1) and Morelia, Michoacán (up to 1506,000 μg L-1); in soils in Matehuala, SLP (up to 27,945 μg g-1) and the Xichú mining area, Guanajuato (up to 62,302 μg g-1); and in sediments in Zimapán, Hidalgo (up to 11,810 μg g-1) and Matehuala, SLP (up to 28,600 μg g-1). In contaminated arid and semi-arid areas, the plants P. laevigata and A. farnesiana exhibit the highest As levels. These findings emphasize the human and environmental risks associated with the presence of As in such regions. A synthesis of the available techniques for the removal of As in water and the remediation technologies for As contaminated soils and sediments is given. The As occurrence, origin (geogenic, thermal, mining and anthropogenic) and evolution in specific regions is summarized. Also, the mobilization and mechanisms to explain the As variability in continental environments are concisely given. For future research, a stratified regional sampling is proposed which prioritizes critical sites for waters, soils and sediments, and biota, considering the subpopulation of foods from agriculture, livestock, and seafood. It is concluded that more detailed and comprehensive studies concerning pollution levels, as well as As trends, transfer, speciation, and toxic effects are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cristina Osuna-Martínez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Paseo Claussen s/n Col. Centro, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - María Aurora Armienta
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica, Ciudad Universitaria, Delegación Coyoacán, 04360 México, D.F., Mexico; Member of El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Federico Páez-Osuna
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlán 82000, Sinaloa, Mexico; Member of El Colegio de Sinaloa, Antonio Rosales 435 Poniente, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico.
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160
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Arumugam A, Li J, Krishnamurthy P, Jia ZX, Leng Z, Ramasamy N, Du D. Response to "Refer to the investigation of toxic elements in Carassius gibelio and Sinanodonta woodiana and its health risk to humans by Arumugam et al. (2020)" by Fakhri and Mousavi Khaneghah (2020) : Fakhri, Y., Mousavi Khaneghah, A. Refer to the investigation of toxic elements in Carassius gibelio and Sinanodonta woodiana and its health risk to humans by Arumugam et al. (2020). Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 30901-30902 (2020). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4883-4884. [PMID: 32889655 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10695-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anandkumar Arumugam
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Prabakaran Krishnamurthy
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Xi Jia
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanrui Leng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Nagarajan Ramasamy
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
- Curtin Malaysia Research Institute, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia
| | - Daolin Du
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, People's Republic of China.
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161
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Fakhri Y, Alipour M, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Refer to "Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) from the upper Mekong River" by Zhang et al. (2019) : Zhang JL, Fang L, Song JY, Luo X, Fu KD, Chen LQ (2019): Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae) from the upper Mekong River. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, 9490-949. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4891-4892. [PMID: 33398752 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09993-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Alipour
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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162
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Fakhri Y, Alipour M. Refer to "Bioaccumulation and potential sources of heavy metal contamination in fish species in Taiwan: assessment and possible human health implications" by Vu et al. (2017). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4885-4886. [PMID: 32975755 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10679-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yadolah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Alipour
- School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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163
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Abstract
Following an official request to EFSA from the European Commission, EFSA assessed the chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) in the European population. A total of 13,608 analytical results on iAs were considered in the current assessment (7,623 corresponding to drinking water and 5,985 to different types of food). Samples were collected across Europe between 2013 and 2018. The highest mean dietary exposure estimates at the lower bound (LB) were in toddlers (0.30 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day), and in both infants and toddlers (0.61 μg/kg bw per day) at the upper bound (UB). At the 95th percentile, the highest exposure estimates (LB-UB) were 0.58 and 1.20 μg/kg bw per day in toddlers and infants, respectively. In general, UB estimates were two to three times higher than LB estimates. The mean dietary exposure estimates (LB) were overall below the range of benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL 01) values of 0.3-8 μg/kg bw per day established by the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain in 2009. However, for the 95th percentile dietary exposure (LB), the maximum estimates for infants, toddlers and other children were within this range of BMDL 01 values. Across the different age classes, the main contributors to the dietary exposure to iAs (LB) were 'Rice', 'Rice-based products', 'Grains and grain-based products (no rice)' and 'Drinking water'. Different ad hoc exposure scenarios (e.g. consumption of rice-based formulae) showed dietary exposure estimates in average and for high consumers close to or within the range of BMDL 01 values. The main uncertainties associated with the dietary exposure estimations refer to the impact of using the substitution method to treat the left-censored data (LB-UB differences), to the lack of information (consumption and occurrence) on some iAs-containing ingredients in specific food groups, and to the effect of food preparation on the iAs levels. Recommendations were addressed to improve future dietary exposure assessments to iAs.
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164
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Determination of total arsenic and hydrophilic arsenic species in seafood. J Food Compost Anal 2020; 96. [PMID: 34092915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Marine organisms are vital sources of staple and functional food but are also the major dietary route of human exposure to total arsenic. We surveyed the total arsenic content and the mass fractions of hydrophilic arsenic species from five different marine food types cutting across the food chain from microalgae, macroalgae, bivalve clam, crustaceans and finfish. Total arsenic was determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) while arsenic speciation analysis was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS as the detector. The total arsenic contents ranged from 133 ± 11 ng/g to 26,630 ± 520 ng/g. The mass fractions of inorganic arsenic (iAs), arsenobetaine (AsB), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and the four commonly occurring arsenosugars (AsSugars) are reported. Extractable hydrophilic arsenic species accounted for 10 % (aquacultured shrimp) to 95 % (kelp) of the total arsenic. DMA was established to be a byproduct of the decomposition of AsSugars in acid extracts of samples known to contain these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Lee L Yu
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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165
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Xu L, Polya DA, Li Q, Mondal D. Association of low-level inorganic arsenic exposure from rice with age-standardized mortality risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in England and Wales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140534. [PMID: 32659549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse health outcomes, including death from cardiovascular disease (CVD), arising from chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) are well documented. Consumption of rice is a major iAs exposure route for over 3 billion people, however, there is still a lack of epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association between iAs exposure from rice intake and CVD risks. We explored this potential association through an ecological study using data at local authority level across England and Wales. Local authority level daily per capita iAs exposure from rice (E-iAsing,rice) was estimated using ethnicity as a proxy for class of rice consumption. A series of linear and non-linear models were applied to estimate the association between E-iAsing,rice and CVD age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR), using Akaike's Information Criterion as the principle model selection criterion. When adjusted for significant confounders, notably smoking prevalence, education level, employment rate, overweight percentage, PM2.5, female percentage and medical and care establishments, the preferred non-linear model indicated that CVD risks increased with iAs exposure from rice at exposures above 0.3 μg/person/day. Also, the best-fitted linear model indicated that CVD ASMR in the highest quartile of iAs exposure (0.375-2.71 μg/person/day) was 1.06 (1.02, 1.11; p-trend <0.001) times higher than that in the lowest quartile (<0.265 μg/person/day). Notwithstanding the well-known limitations of ecological studies, this study further suggests exposure to iAs, including from rice intake, as a potentially important confounder for studies of the factors controlling CVD risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Xu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - David A Polya
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Debapriya Mondal
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
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166
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Understanding the Relationship between Environmental Arsenic and Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness among African-American and European-American Men in North Carolina. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228364. [PMID: 33198142 PMCID: PMC7697081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
High-level exposure to arsenic, a known carcinogen and endocrine disruptor, is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) mortality. Whether low-level exposure is associated with PCa aggressiveness remains unknown. We examined the association between urinary arsenic and PCa aggressiveness among men in North Carolina. This cross-sectional study included 463 African-American and 491 European-American men with newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. PCa aggressiveness was defined as low aggressive (Gleason score < 7, stage = cT1–cT2, and PSA < 10 ng/mL) versus intermediate/high aggressive (all other cases). Total arsenic and arsenical species (inorganic arsenic (iAsIII + iAsV), arsenobetaine, monomethyl arsenic, and dimethyl arsenic)) and specific gravity were measured in spot urine samples obtained an average of 23.7 weeks after diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the covariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCa aggressiveness in association with arsenic tertiles/quantiles overall and by race. The highest (vs. lowest) tertile of total arsenic was associated with PCa aggressiveness ORs of 1.77 (95% CI = 1.05–2.98) among European-American men, and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.57–1.56) among African-American men (PInteraction = 0.04). In contrast, total arsenic and arsenical species were not associated with PCa aggressiveness in unstratified models. Low-level arsenic exposure may be associated with PCa aggressiveness among European-Americans, but not among African-Americans.
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167
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Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Churchwell MI, Beland FA. Reduction by, ligand exchange among, and covalent binding to glutathione and cellular thiols link metabolism and disposition of dietary arsenic species with toxicity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106086. [PMID: 32889486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a common contaminant in the earth's crust and widely distributed in food and drinking water. As exposures have been associated with human disease, including cancer, diabetes, lung and cardiovascular disorders, and there is accumulating evidence that early life exposures are important in the etiology. Mode-of-action analysis includes a critical role for metabolic activation of As species to reactive trivalent intermediates that disrupt cellular regulatory systems by covalent binding to thiol groups. The central role of glutathione (GSH) in the chemical reactions of metabolism and disposition of arsenic species was investigated here. The chemical kinetics were measured for reactions in which GSH is a ligand for trivalent As complex formation, a reductant for pentavalent As species, and a participant in ligand exchange reactions with other biological As-thiol complexes. The diverse reactions of GSH with As species demonstrate prominent roles in: (1) metabolic activation via reduction; (2) transport from tissues that are the primary sources of reactive trivalent As intermediates following ingestion (intestine and liver) to downstream target organs (e.g., lung, kidney, and bladder); and (3) oxidation to the terminal metabolite, dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV), which is excreted. Studies of As metabolism and disposition emphasize the link between metabolic activation vs. excretion of As (i.e., internal dosimetry of reactive species) and the disruption of critical cellular thiol-based regulatory processes that define the dose-response characteristics of disease in human epidemiological studies and animal models and underpin risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Doerge
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States.
| | - Nathan C Twaddle
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Mona I Churchwell
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
| | - Frederick A Beland
- Division of Biochemical Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, United States
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168
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Palash MAU, Islam MS, Bayero AS, Taqui SN, Koki IB. Evaluation of trace metals concentration and human health implication by indigenous edible fish species consumption from Meghna River in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103440. [PMID: 32585422 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the determination of trace metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd) concentrations of nine different indigenous fish species of Meghna River in Bangladesh to know the possible risk in human consumption. Fishes' wet muscles samples were analyzed to evaluate the level of trace metal concentrations. The concentrations (mg kg-1 w/w) of the six selected trace metals were in the order Zn (1.42 ± 0.12) > Cr (1.31 ± 0.08) > Cu (0.92 ± 0.09) > Pb (0.54 ± 0.07) > Cd (0.51 ± 0.07) > As (0.47 ± 0.02). The results revealed that all the selected trace metals were below the maximum permissible limits recommended by the reference standards. The fish species may pose no risk with respect to the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI). Target hazard quotient (THQ) values for Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd in all the fish species were <1.0, except for As which is dominantly organic in fishes. Both adults and children are vulnerable to carcinogenic health threat due to Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Amin Ullah Palash
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Amina Salihi Bayero
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, PMB 3220, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Syed Noeman Taqui
- Department of Chemistry, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Isa Baba Koki
- Department of Chemistry, Yusuf Maitama Sule University Kano, PMB 3220, Kano, Nigeria
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169
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Gajdosechova Z, Palmer CH, Dave D, Jiao G, Zhao Y, Tan Z, Chisholm J, Zhang J, Stefanova R, Hossain A, Mester Z. Arsenic speciation in sea cucumbers: Identification and quantitation of water-extractable species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115190. [PMID: 32688077 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
With the constant quest for new sources of superfoods to supplement the largely nutrient deficient diet of the modern society, sea cucumbers are gaining increasing popularity. Three species of sea cucumbers, Cucumaria frondosa, Apostichopus californicus and Apostichopusjaponicus were collected from three geographical regions, Atlantic and Pacific coast of Canada and Yellow sea/ East China sea in China, respectively. These organisms were sectioned into parts (body wall, tentacles, internal organ, skin and muscle) and analysed for total arsenic (As) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and As species by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ICP-MS. Normal and reversed sequential extractions were optimised to address As distribution between lipids (polar and non-polar) and water-extractable fractions. Two extraction methods for water-extractable As were compared in terms of the number and the amount of extracted species. The results revealed that total As concentration and As species distribution varies significantly between sea cucumbers species. Total As in studied body parts ranged between 2.8 ± 0.52 and 7.9 ± 1.2 mg kg-1, with an exception of the muscle tissue of A. californicus, where it reached to 36 ± 3.5 mg kg-1. Arsenobetaine (AsB) was the most abundant As species in A. californicus and A.japonicus, however, inorganic As represented over 70% of total recovered As in the body parts of C. frondosa. Arsenosugars-328 and 482 were found in all studied body parts whereas arsenosugar-408 was only found in the skin of A. californicus. This is the first time that such a variation in As species distribution between sea cucumber species has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdosechova
- Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Calvin H Palmer
- Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Deepika Dave
- Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NFL, Canada
| | - Guangling Jiao
- Canadian Sea Cucumber Processors Association, NS, Canada
| | - Yanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jeffrey Chisholm
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Junzeng Zhang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roumiana Stefanova
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abul Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Zoltan Mester
- Metrology Research Center, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Canada
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170
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Ahmed ASS, Hossain MB, Semme SA, Babu SMOF, Hossain K, Moniruzzaman M. Accumulation of trace elements in selected fish and shellfish species from the largest natural carp fish breeding basin in Asia: a probabilistic human health risk implication. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37852-37865. [PMID: 32613505 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Intake of fish contaminated with non-essential hazardous trace elements poses a significant risk to human health. In this study, trace elements (As, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were measured in edible tissues of seven commercially important fish and shellfish species (Otolithoides pama, Pseudapocryptes elongatus, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Liza parse, Notropis atherinoides, Apocryptes bato, and Rhinomugil corsula) from a natural carp breeding basin, Halda river, Bangladesh. The elements were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the hierarchy of elemental levels (mg/kg) was Zn (61.56) > Pb (30.45) > Ni (26.81) > Cu (21.09) > As (1.49) > Cd (0.24). Among the analyzed elements, Pb, Ni, and Zn for some fish species exceeded the permissible dietary limit, suggested by national and international agencies. In addition, results of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) indicated that most of the studied species were bioaccumulative in nature (BAFs > 1000), and the mean BAF of elements were found in the following order: Zn (3156.74) > Ni (1629.30) > Cu (1566.77) > As (997.14) > Pb (259.98) > Cd (216.52). However, the species, L. parse being omnivorous represented the highest BAF (stored higher concentrations of metals) as compared to other species. The growth pattern of all the species was negatively allometric, and the health condition of the species varied from poor to good state revealed from the estimated Fulton's condition factor (FC). For the evaluation of health hazards, estimated weekly (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were calculated for both adults and children. Results of EWI showed As, Pb, and Ni surpassed provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI)-recommended guidelines. The non-carcinogenic health effect (TTHQ) might not appear for both types of consumers (as TTHQ < 1), and CRs of all consumers were also in acceptable range (10-6 to 10-4). However, the probabilistic distribution through Monte Carlo simulation revealed that children were more vulnerable to non-carcinogenic (67.3%) and carcinogenic risk effect (47.3%) for Pb. Meanwhile, adults obtained the probability of 0.7% and 36% for THQ and CR effect, respectively, interpreting less vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Sayeed Shafiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Belal Hossain
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Sanjida Afrin Semme
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | | | - Kamal Hossain
- Soil and Environment Laboratories, BCSIR Laboratories, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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171
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Trdin A, Snoj Tratnik J, Stajnko A, Marc J, Mazej D, Sešek Briški A, Kastelec D, Prpić I, Petrović O, Špirić Z, Horvat M, Falnoga I. Trace elements and APOE polymorphisms in pregnant women and their new-borns. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105626. [PMID: 32622117 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between lipid binding glycoprotein apolipoprotein E (apoE; gene APOE) polymorphisms (ε4 allele carriers versus no carriers = ε4+/ε4-) and trace elements (TEs) (e.g., (methyl)mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, selenium, manganese, copper, and zinc) in mothers (N = 223) and their new-borns (N = 213) exposed to potentially toxic metal(loid)s from seafood consumption. The apoE isoform encoded by the ε4 allele is believed to have beneficial effects in early life but represents a risk factor for age-associated diseases. Under certain conditions ε4 carriers are more susceptible to oxidative stress and metal(loid) toxicity. DNA from Croatian pregnant women (N = 223, third trimester) and their new-borns (N = 176), was genotyped for APOE by TaqMan® SNP assay - rs429358 and rs7412. Seafood intake data and TE levels in maternal urine, milk, hair, peripheral venous blood, mixed cord blood, and new-borns' urine were available from previous studies. We compared TEs between ε4+ and ε4- carriers using Mann-Whitney U tests and applied multiple linear regression models to analyse the TE's dependence on the presence of allele ε4 (genotypes ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4) in combination with other explanatory variables. We identified 17% (n = 37) and 20% (n = 35) ε4 allele carriers in mothers and new-borns, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that mothers with the ε4 allele had significantly higher mean levels of (methyl)mercury in peripheral venous blood, cord blood, and hair; arsenic in urine and cord blood; and selenium in peripheral venous blood and plasma. However, taking confounders into account, only the maternal plasma selenium remained statistically significant in the linear regression models (ε4 carriers vs non-carriers: 62.6 vs 54.9 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Literature suggestions of possible ε4 allele impact on Hg levels were not observed, while superior selenium status observed in healthy pregnant women carrying allele ε4 could be linked to the proposed APOE ε4 beneficial effects early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda Trdin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Marc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Sešek Briški
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Igor Prpić
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Oleg Petrović
- Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Milena Horvat
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ingrid Falnoga
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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172
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Ho KKHY, Redan BW. Impact of thermal processing on the nutrients, phytochemicals, and metal contaminants in edible algae. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:508-526. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1821598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kacie K. H. Y. Ho
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Redan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Bedford Park, Illinois, USA
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173
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Cheung JSJ, Hu XF, Parajuli RP, Rosol R, Torng A, Mohapatra A, Lye E, Chan HM. Health risk assessment of arsenic exposure among the residents in Ndilǫ, Dettah, and Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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174
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Øyen J, Aadland EK, Liaset B, Fjære E, Dahl L, Madsen L. Lean-seafood intake increases urinary iodine concentrations and plasma selenium levels: a randomized controlled trial with crossover design. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1679-1689. [PMID: 32856189 PMCID: PMC7987597 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Iodine deficiency due to insufficient nutritional intake is a public health challenge in several European countries, including Norway. Lean-seafood has a high iodine and arsenic (As) content and is a good source of selenium (Se). Evidence of a direct effect of increased intake of lean-seafood on iodine status is limited. The main aims were to determine the iodine status at baseline and to investigate possible dietary effects on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) after intervention with lean-seafood versus non-seafood. Plasma Se, and plasma and urinary As concentrations were also measured. METHODS A randomized controlled crossover study comprising two 4 weeks experimental periods with two balanced diets varied in main proteins (60% of total dietary proteins) of lean-seafood and non-seafood, separated by a 5 week washout period. RESULTS Twenty participants (7 males, 13 females) were included and the mean ± SD age was 50.6 ± 15.3 years for all participants. Fasting UIC was median (25th, 75th percentile) 70 (38, 110) and 79 (49, 94) µg/L in the lean-seafood and non-seafood intervention at baseline, respectively. UIC increased after 4 weeks of the lean-seafood intervention to 135 (110, 278) µg/L, but not after the non-seafood intervention [58 (33, 91) µg/L] (P diet-effect < 0.001). Fasting plasma Se increased in the lean-seafood intervention and decreased in the non-seafood intervention (P diet-effect = 0.001). Fasting urinary and plasma As increased in the lean-seafood intervention and was unchanged in the non-seafood intervention (P diet-effect < 0.001). CONCLUSION The participant's UIC was below the recommended median (100 µg/L) at baseline, but increased sufficiently after a 4 week intervention with lean-seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannike Øyen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Eli Kristin Aadland
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Science, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Liaset
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Dahl
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, 5817, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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175
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Wiech M, Silva M, Meier S, Tibon J, Berntssen MHG, Duinker A, Sanden M. Undesirables in Mesopelagic Species and Implications for Food and Feed Safety-Insights from Norwegian Fjords. Foods 2020; 9:E1162. [PMID: 32846889 PMCID: PMC7555207 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the global population demands more biomass from the ocean as future food and feed, and the mesopelagic species might contribute significantly. In the present study, we evaluated the food and feed safety of six of the most abundant mesopelagic species in Norwegian fjords. Trace elements (i.e., arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead), organic pollutants (i.e., dioxins, furans, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, and polybrominated flame-retardants), and potentially problematic lipid compounds (i.e., wax esters and erucic acid) were analyzed and compared to existing food and feed maximum levels and intake recommendations. Furthermore, contaminant loads in processed mesopelagic biomass (protein, oil, and fish meal) was estimated using worst-case scenarios to identify possible food and feed safety issues. While most undesirables were low considering European food legislation, we identified a few potential food safety issues regarding high levels of fluoride in Northern krill, wax esters in glacier lanternfish, and long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids in silvery lightfish. Our estimates in processed biomass indicated high levels of undesirable trace elements in the protein fraction, frequently exceeding the maximum levels for feed ingredients. However, in fish meal, almost no exceedances were seen. In the oil fraction, dioxins and furans were above the maximum levels, given for food and feed ingredients. The present study is crucial to enable an evaluation of the value of these species; however, more data is needed before proceeding with large-scale harvesting of mesopelagic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wiech
- Institute of Marine Research, Nordnes, P.O. Box 1870, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (M.S.); (S.M.); (J.T.); (M.H.G.B.); (A.D.); (M.S.)
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176
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Di Bella C, Traina A, Giosuè C, Carpintieri D, Lo Dico GM, Bellante A, Del Core M, Falco F, Gherardi S, Uccello MM, Ferrantelli V. Heavy Metals and PAHs in Meat, Milk, and Seafood From Augusta Area (Southern Italy): Contamination Levels, Dietary Intake, and Human Exposure Assessment. Front Public Health 2020; 8:273. [PMID: 32733834 PMCID: PMC7359620 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals and PAHs were measured in animal foodstuffs from Augusta-Melilli-Priolo area in order to evaluate the potential human health risk associated to their consumption. All heavy metals were detected in seafood products while most of them were 1 for baby, children and teenagers, indicating a non-carcinogenic risk for these age categories by seafood ingestion. The CRAs overcame 1*10-5 for almost age categories (except "baby") and for elderly, by seafood and beef ingestions respectively. Moreover, the MOE for PAHs showed a certain cancer risk for "baby" related to cow milk ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Di Bella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia (IZSSi), Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Traina
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Giosuè
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Davide Carpintieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia (IZSSi), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Bellante
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Marianna Del Core
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Anthropic Impacts and Sustainability in Marine Environment (IAS-CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Falco
- National Research Council of Italy- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM-CNR), Mazara Del Vallo, Italy
| | - Serena Gherardi
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Marine Science (ISMAR-CNR), Naples, Italy
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177
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Salomone VN, Riera M. Proximal Composition of Undaria pinnatifida from San Jorge Gulf (Patagonia, Argentina). Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:252-261. [PMID: 31713114 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Undaria pinnatifida is a brown macroalga considered a high quality natural food because of its numerous health benefits. The aim of this paper is to provide seasonal information on the chemical content of blades and sporophylls of U. pinnatifida from San Jorge Gulf (SJG, Chubut, Argentina) in order to evaluate their different uses. Moreover, samples of algae deposited on the beach are also studied. A multi-elemental analysis is made by Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF). Sixteen elements are quantified: As, Br, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sr, V and Zn. The results reveal that the mineral content in blades of U. pinnatifida is high, especially in autumn. Some elements show an important seasonal variation, such as: K (14-54.8 g kg-1), P (2.7-7.0 g kg-1), Sr (361-569 mg kg-1), Fe (62-140 mg kg-1), Zn (8-103 mg kg-1), Br (45-94 mg kg-1) and Rb (4-24 mg kg-1). In the case of potentially toxic elements, a variation was seen mainly in arsenic, with higher values during summer and autumn. The concentrations of nickel and lead are below the limit of detection (0.9 mg kg-1). Sporophylls contain high concentrations of macro and micronutrients, with maximum values in spring. Besides, reproductive structures showed higher total arsenic values than blades. This could indicate that arsenic is mainly accumulated in sporophylls. Algae deposited on the beach are considered a waste; but they show a similar elemental composition to the samples extracted from the sea. We concluded that all samples analyzed could be used as food or fertilizers by local populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa N Salomone
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia 1650, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, CABA, Argentina.
| | - Marina Riera
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (IIIA), CONICET-UNSAM, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia 1650, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Dpto. Biología y Ambiente, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales (FCN), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Ciudad Universitaria Km 4, 9005, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina
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178
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Dietary exposure to total and inorganic arsenic via rice and rice-based products consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 141:111420. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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179
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Jinadasa KK, Peña-Vázquez E, Bermejo-Barrera P, Moreda-Piñeiro A. New adsorbents based on imprinted polymers and composite nanomaterials for arsenic and mercury screening/speciation: A review. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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180
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A ranking method of chemical substances in foods for prioritisation of monitoring, based on health risk and knowledge gaps. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109499. [PMID: 33233144 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemical contaminants are present in all foods. Data on the occurrence of contaminants in foods that are often consumed or contain high contaminant concentrations are critical for the estimation of exposure and evaluation of potential negative health effects. Due to limited resources for the monitoring of contaminants and other chemical substances in foods, methods for prioritisation are needed. We have developed a straightforward semi-quantitative method to rank chemical substances in foods for monitoring as part of a risk-based food control. The method is based on considerations of toxicity, level of exposure including both occurrence in food and dietary intake, vulnerability of one or more population groups due to high exposure because of special food habits or resulting from specific genetic variants, diseases, drug use or age/life stages, and the adequacy of both toxicity and exposure data. The chemical substances ranked for monitoring were contaminants occurring naturally, unintentionally or incidentally in foods or formed during food processing, and the inclusion criteria were high toxicity, high exposure and/or lack of toxicity or exposure data. In principle, this method can be used for all classes of chemical substances that occur in foods, both unintended contaminants and deliberately added chemical substances. Foods considered relevant for monitoring of the different chemical substances were also identified. The outcomes of ranking exercises using the new method including considerations of vulnerable groups and adequacy of data and a shortened version based on risk considerations only were compared. The results showed that the resolution between the contaminants was notably increased with the extended method, which we considered as advantageous for the ranking of chemical substances for monitoring in foods.
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181
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Afonso C, Matos J, Campos AM, Gomes R, Delgado I, Coelho I, Castanheira I, Bandarra NM, Cardoso C. Elemental composition and bioaccessibility of three insufficiently studied Azorean macroalgae. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Afonso
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Rua dos Bragas 289 4050‐123 Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Matos
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 16 1749‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Ana M. Campos
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Campo Grande, 16 1749‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Romina Gomes
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
| | - Inês Delgado
- Food and Nutrition Department National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP) Av. Padre Cruz 1649‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Inês Coelho
- Food and Nutrition Department National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP) Av. Padre Cruz 1649‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Isabel Castanheira
- Food and Nutrition Department National Health Institute Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA, IP) Av. Padre Cruz 1649‐016 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Narcisa M. Bandarra
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Rua dos Bragas 289 4050‐123 Porto Portugal
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Avenida Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6 1495-165 Algés Lisbon Portugal
- CIIMAR Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto Rua dos Bragas 289 4050‐123 Porto Portugal
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182
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González de las Torres AI, Giráldez I, Martínez F, Palencia P, Corns WT, Sánchez-Rodas D. Arsenic accumulation and speciation in strawberry plants exposed to inorganic arsenic enriched irrigation. Food Chem 2020; 315:126215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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183
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Kim H, Jeon Y, Lee W, Jang G, Yoon Y. Shifting the Specificity of E. coli Biosensor from Inorganic Arsenic to Phenylarsine Oxide through Genetic Engineering. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3093. [PMID: 32486164 PMCID: PMC7309064 DOI: 10.3390/s20113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been discovered that organic and inorganic arsenics could be detrimental to human health. Although organic arsenic is less toxic than inorganic arsenic, it could form inorganic arsenic through chemical and biological processes in environmental systems. In this regard, the availability of tools for detecting organic arsenic species would be beneficial. Because As-sensing biosensors employing arsenic responsive genetic systems are regulated by ArsR which detects arsenics, the target selectivity of biosensors could be obtained by modulating the selectivity of ArsR. In this study, we demonstrated a shift in the specificity of E. coli cell-based biosensors from the detection of inorganic arsenic to that of organic arsenic, specifically phenylarsine oxide (PAO), through the genetic engineering of ArsR. By modulating the number and location of cysteines forming coordinate covalent bonds with arsenic species, an E. coli cell-based biosensor that was specific to PAO was obtained. Despite its restriction to PAO at the moment, it offers invaluable evidence of the potential to generate new biosensors for sensing organic arsenic species through the genetic engineering of ArsR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Yangwon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Woonwoo Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
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184
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Gajdosechova Z, Grinberg P, Nadeau K, Yang L, Meija J, Gürleyük H, Wozniak BJ, Feldmann J, Savage L, Deawtong S, Kumkrong P, Kubachka K, Mester Z. CRM rapid response approach for the certification of arsenic species and toxic trace elements in baby cereal coarse rice flour certified reference material BARI-1. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4363-4373. [PMID: 32382966 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02673-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
With recently legislated maximum levels of inorganic arsenic (iAs) in white and brown rice in Canada, the regulatory bodies are evaluating the need for regulation of As levels in infant food products. Rice is a major part of infants' diet, and therefore, the presence of As in this staple food causes concerns. So far, the scientific community was lacking suitable certified reference material (CRM) which could be used to assess the accuracy of developed analytical methods for As speciation in infants' food products. As a result, we have developed BARI-1, a baby cereal coarse rice flour reference material which was certified for total arsenic (0.248 ± 0.018 mg kg-1), cadmium (0.0134 ± 0.0014 mg kg-1), mercury (0.0026 ± 0.0003 mg kg-1), lead (0.0064 ± 0.0016 mg kg-1), inorganic As (0.113 ± 0.016 mg kg-1) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) (0.115 ± 0.010 mg kg-1), and reference value for monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) (0.0045 ± 0.0008 mg kg-1) was reported. We also observed trace amounts of an unknown As compound, with chromatographic retention time close to DMA. Participating laboratories were allowed to use their in-house-validated extraction and/or digestion methods, and the detection of total metals was done by ICP-MS whereas HPLC-ICP-MS was used for As speciation. Despite the diversity in sample preparation and quantitation methods, reported values were in good agreement. For iAs measurement, the comparison between hydride generation ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS found iAs overestimation with the former method, possibly due to interference from DMA. The certification was accomplished with a CRM rapid response approach in collaborative, focused effort completing the CRM development in few months instead of the typical multiyear project. This approach allowed to respond to measurement needs in a timely fashion. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Gajdosechova
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patricia Grinberg
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.
| | - Kenny Nadeau
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Lu Yang
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Juris Meija
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Hakan Gürleyük
- Brooks Applied Labs, 18804 North Creek Parkway, Suite 100, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Ben J Wozniak
- Brooks Applied Labs, 18804 North Creek Parkway, Suite 100, Bothell, WA, 98011, USA
| | - Joerg Feldmann
- TESLA, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Laurie Savage
- TESLA, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Suladda Deawtong
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Paramee Kumkrong
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada.,Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, 35 Mu 3 Tambon Khlong Ha, Amphoe Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kevin Kubachka
- US FDA Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 4523, USA
| | - Zoltan Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0R6, Canada
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185
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Zhang J, Barałkiewicz D, Wang Y, Falandysz J, Cai C. Arsenic and arsenic speciation in mushrooms from China: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125685. [PMID: 31887488 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a natural environmental contaminant to which humans are usually exposed in water, air, soil, and food. China is a typical high-As region, and also a great contributor of the world production of cultivated edible mushrooms and a region abundant in wild growing edible mushrooms. Mushrooms can accumulate different amounts of As and different As compounds, so potential health risk of As intake may exist to people who use mushrooms with elevated As contents as food or medicine. A systematic literature search was carried out for studies on As and As compounds in mushrooms from China. We compiled existing data from published sources in English or Chinese and provide an updated review of the findings on As in mushrooms associated with environments and health risks. Future perspectives for studies on As in mushrooms have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China; Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Danuta Barałkiewicz
- Department of Trace Element Analysis by Spectroscopy Method, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, 61-614, Poland
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China; Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-308, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
| | - Chuantao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China; Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China.
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186
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Wang J, Hu W, Yang H, Chen F, Shu Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Liu Y, Li H, Guo L. Arsenic concentrations, diversity and co-occurrence patterns of bacterial and fungal communities in the feces of mice under sub-chronic arsenic exposure through food. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105600. [PMID: 32120061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic, a global pollutant and a threshold-free primary carcinogen, can accumulate in rice. Previous studies have focused on arsenic poisoning in drinking water and the effects on gut microbes. The research on arseniasis through food, which involves the bio-transformation of arsenic, and the related changes in gut microbiome is insufficient. METHOD Mice were exposed from animal feed prepared with four arsenic species (iAsIII, iAsV, MMA, and DMA) at a dose of 30 mg/kg according to the arsenic species proportion in rice for 30 days and 60 days. The levels of total arsenic (tAs) and arsenic species in mice feces and urine samples were determined using ICP-MS and HPLC-ICP-MS, respectively. 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing were conducted on microbial DNA extracted from the feces samples. RESULTS At 30 days and 60 days exposure, the tAs levels excreted from urine were 0.0092 and 0.0093 mg/day, and tAs levels in feces were 0.0441 and 0.0409 mg/day, respectively. We found significant differences in arsenic species distribution in urine and feces (p < 0.05). In urine, the predominant arsenic species were iAsIII (23% and 14%, respectively), DMA (55% and 70%, respectively), and uAs (unknown arsenic, 14% and 10%, respectively). In feces, the proportion of major arsenic species (iAsV, 26% and 21%; iAsIII, 16% and 15%; MMA, 14% and 14%; DMA, 19% and 19%; and uAs, 22% and 29%, respectively) were evenly distributed. Microbiological analysis (MRPP test, α- and β-diversities) showed that diversity of gut bacteria was significantly related to arsenic exposure through food, but diversity of gut fungi is less affected. Manhattan plot and LEfSe analysis showed that arsenic exposure significantly changes microbial taxa, which might be directly associated with arsenic metabolism and diseases mediated by arsenic exposure, such as Deltaproteobacteria, Polynucleobacter, Saccharomyces, Candida, Amanitaceae, and Fusarium. Network analysis was used to identify the changing hub taxa in feces along with arsenic exposure. Function predicting analysis indicated that arsenic exposure might also significantly increase differential metabolic pathways and would disturb carbohydrates, lipid, and amino acids metabolism of gut bacteria. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that subchronic arsenic exposure via food significantly changes the gut microbiome, and the toxicity of arsenic in food, especially in staples, should be comprehensively evaluated in terms of the disturbance of microbiome, and feces might be the main pathway through which arsenic from food exposure is excreted and bio-transformed, providing a new insight into the investigation of bio-detoxification for arseniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Wang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Huilin Yang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploitation & Utilization from Poyang Lake Wetland, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
| | - Fubin Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yanling Shu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Guiwei Zhang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Jizhen Liu
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Huawen Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Lianxian Guo
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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187
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Liu Q, Huang C, Chris Le X. Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes: Determination and potential health risk. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 91:168-176. [PMID: 32172965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and the associated health effects are poorly understood. There has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid (solution used for e-cigarettes) and aerosols. We report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the e-liquid. Seventeen e-liquid samples of major brands, purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China, were analyzed for arsenic species using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Aerosols condensed from vaping the e-liquids were also analyzed and compared for arsenic species. Six arsenic species were detected, including inorganic arsenate (iAsV), arsenite (iAsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), and three new arsenic species not reported previously. In e-liquids, iAsIII was detected in 59%, iAsV in 94%, and MMA in 47% of the samples. In the condensate of aerosols from vaping the e-liquids, iAsIII was detected in 100%, iAsV in 88%, and MMA in 13% of the samples. Inorganic arsenic species were predominant in e-liquids and aerosols of e-cigarettes. The concentration of iAsIII in the condensate of aerosols (median 3.27 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the e-liquid (median 1.08 μg/kg) samples. The concentration of inorganic arsenic in the vaping air was approximately 3.4 μg/m3, which approaches to the permissible exposure limit (10 μg/m3) set by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). According to the Environmental Protection Agency's unit risk factor (4.3 × 10-3 per μg/m3) for inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in the air, the estimated excess lung cancer risk from lifetime exposure to inorganic arsenic in the e-cigarette vaping air (3.4 μg/m3), assuming e-cigarette vaping at 1% of the time, is as high as 1.5 × 10-4. These results raise health concerns over the exposure to arsenic from electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biomedical Analysis (Southwest University), Chongqing Science & Technology Commission, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengzhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical System, Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - X Chris Le
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada.
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188
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Xiong C, Stiboller M, Glabonjat RA, Rieger J, Paton L, Francesconi KA. Transport of arsenolipids to the milk of a nursing mother after consuming salmon fish. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126502. [PMID: 32344278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We address two questions relevant to infants' exposure to potentially toxic arsenolipids, namely, are the arsenolipids naturally present in fish transported intact to a mother's milk, and what is the efficiency of this transport. METHODS We investigated the transport of arsenolipids and other arsenic species present in fish to mother's milk by analyzing the milk of a single nursing mother at 15 sampling times over a 3-day period after she had consumed a meal of salmon. Total arsenic values were obtained by elemental mass spectrometry, and arsenic species were measured by HPLC coupled to both elemental and molecular mass spectrometry. RESULTS Total arsenic increased from background levels (0.1 μg As kg-1) to a peak value of 1.72 μg As kg-1 eight hours after the fish meal. The pattern for arsenolipids was similar to that of total arsenic, increasing from undetectable background levels (< 0.01 μg As kg-1) to a peak after eight hours of 0.45 μg As kg-1. Most of the remaining total arsenic in the milk was accounted for by arsenobetaine. The major arsenolipids in the salmon were arsenic hydrocarbons (AsHCs; 55 % of total arsenolipids), and these compounds were also the dominant arsenolipids in the milk where they contributed over 90 % of the total arsenolipids. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that ca 2-3 % of arsenic hydrocarbons, natural constituents of fish, can be directly transferred unchanged to the milk of a nursing mother. In view of the potential neurotoxicity of AsHCs, the effects of these compounds on the brain developmental stage of infants need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Stiboller
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Food Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ronald A Glabonjat
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Rieger
- Institute of Chemistry, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Lhiam Paton
- TESLA (Trace Element Speciation Laboratory), Department of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, Scotland, UK
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189
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Ashrap P, Watkins DJ, Mukherjee B, Boss J, Richards MJ, Rosario Z, Vélez-Vega CM, Alshawabkeh A, Cordero JF, Meeker JD. Predictors of urinary and blood Metal(loid) concentrations among pregnant women in Northern Puerto Rico. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109178. [PMID: 32007748 PMCID: PMC7167342 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Given the potential adverse health effects related to toxic trace metal exposure and insufficient or excessive levels of essential trace metals in pregnant women and their fetuses, the present study characterizes biomarkers of metal and metalloid exposure at repeated time points during pregnancy among women in Puerto Rico. We recruited 1040 pregnant women from prenatal clinics and collected urine, blood, and questionnaire data on demographics, product use, food consumption, and water usage at up to three visits. All samples were analyzed for 16 metal(loid)s: arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cesium (Cs), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), titanium (Ti), uranium (U), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn). Urine samples were additionally analyzed for molybdenum (Mo), platinum (Pt), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), and tungsten (W). Mean concentrations of most metal(loid)s were higher among participants compared to the general US female population. We found weak to moderate correlations for inter-matrix comparisons, and moderate to strong correlations between several metal(loid)s measured within each biological matrix. Blood concentrations of Cu, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Pb were shown to reflect reliable biomarkers of exposure. For other metals, repeated samples are recommended for exposure assessment in epidemiology studies. Predictors of metal(loid) biomarkers included fish and rice consumption (urinary As), fish and canned food (blood Hg), drinking public water (blood Pb), smoking (blood Cd), and iron/folic acid supplement use (urinary Cs, Mo, and Sb). Characterization of metal(loid) biomarker variation over time and between matrices, and identification of important exposure sources, may inform future epidemiology studies and exposure reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahriya Ashrap
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Deborah J Watkins
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Bhramar Mukherjee
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Boss
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Zaira Rosario
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Carmen M Vélez-Vega
- University of Puerto Rico Graduate School of Public Health, UPR Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR, United States
| | - Akram Alshawabkeh
- College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - José F Cordero
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - John D Meeker
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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190
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Tengku Nur Alia TKA, Hing LS, Sim SF, Pradit S, Ahmad A, Ong MC. Comparative study of raw and cooked farmed sea bass (Lates calcarifer) in relation to metal content and its estimated human health risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:111009. [PMID: 32275555 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic contamination in seafood, especially fish, has been of increasing concern to human health. Moreover, with increasing dependency on farmed fish for fish resources, the metallic contamination in them is still questionable. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cooking (steaming) on heavy metal concentration in farmed fish and to estimate its potential human health risk. Farmed sea basses (Lates calcarifer) from Setiu Lagoon were used to study the difference in metal uptake through human consumption of raw and cooked (steamed) fish samples. Selected heavy metals, namely copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), were measured using ICP-MS following Teflon bomb closed digestion of the fish samples. Cooking of the fish muscle by steaming was applied to investigate if cooking changes the concentration of heavy metals. Mercury and As were found accumulated more notably in the fish muscle, though only Hg was found to show significant (p > 0.05) increase when L. calcarifer is cooked. The amount of As in the fish muscle throughout its growth can be potentially harmful to humans, with the highest averaged concentration at 3.29 ± 0.65 mg/kg dw. above the standard set by the Malaysian Food Regulation (1985) of >1 mg/kg. All the other heavy metals were at relatively safe concentrations well below the standard set by both national and international guidelines. The PTWI per individual of L. calcarifer for As was at 0.84 mg/kg bw., which indicated that the amount of this fish safe for consumption without any adverse effect is 170 g/week. Therefore, long-term intake of these fish may pose a risk to human health due to the relatively higher Hg and As concentration found in these fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K A Tengku Nur Alia
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - L S Hing
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - S F Sim
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - S Pradit
- Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - A Ahmad
- Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC), 21080 Chendering, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - M C Ong
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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191
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Urinary Arsenic Species are Detectable in Urban Underserved Hispanic/Latino Populations: A Pilot Study from the Study of Latinos: Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072247. [PMID: 32230710 PMCID: PMC7178047 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hispanics/Latinos represent >15% of the United States (US) population and experience a high burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Dietary exposure, particularly to arsenic (As), may be associated with CVD and diabetes in Hispanics/Latinos. Rural populations in the US exposed to As in drinking water have increased risk of diabetes and CVD; however, little is known about the risk among urban populations with low As in water who are mostly exposed to As through food. Methods: To explore the levels of inorganic arsenic exposure (the sum of inorganic and methylated arsenic species in urine, ∑As, corrected by a residual-based method) in persons of Hispanic/Latino origin, we conducted a pilot study quantifying urinary arsenic levels among 45 participants in the Study of Latinos: Nutrition & Physical Activity Assessment Study (SOLNAS). Results: The median (interquartile range) of the urinary arsenic species (µg/L) were as follows: inorganic As 0.6 (0.4, 1.0), monomethylarsonic acid 1.2 (0.7, 1.9), dimethylarsinic acid 7.2 (4.3, 15.3), and ∑As 6.0 (4.3, 10.5). Conclusions: This study adds to the existing evidence that harmful forms of arsenic are present in this group of Hispanics/Latinos.
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192
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Chen T, Wang H, Wang Z, Tan M. Construction of Time-Resolved Luminescence Nanoprobe and Its Application in As(III) Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10030551. [PMID: 32204302 PMCID: PMC7153583 DOI: 10.3390/nano10030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As(III) is a toxic heavy metal which causes serious health problems. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive sensors for As(III) detection is of great significance. Herein, a turn-on luminescence resonance energy transfer (LRET) method based on luminous nanorods was designed for As(III) detection. Biotin-labelled As(III) aptamers were tagged to avidin functionalized luminous nanorods as energy donors, while graphene oxide (GO) acted as the energy acceptor. The adsorption of single-stranded DNA on graphene oxide resulted in the efficient quenching of the luminescence of the nanorods through the LRET process. In the presence of As(III), aptamers bonded to As(III) preferentially and resulted in the formation of aptamer-As(III) complexes. The aptamer-As(III) complexes were rubbed off from the GO surface due to their conformational change, which led to the recovery of the luminescence of the nanorods. A good linear relationship between the luminescence intensity and concentration of As(III) was obtained in the range from 1 to 50 ng·mL−1, with a detection limit of 0.5 ng·mL−1. Furthermore, the developed sensors showed good specificity towards As(III) and proved capable of detecting As(III) in the environment and food samples. The proposed time-resolved sensors provide a promising sensing strategy for the rapid and sensitive detection of As(III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Z.W.); (M.T.); Tel.: +86-510-85917023 (Z.W.); +86-411-86318657 (H.W. & M.T.)
| | - Zhouping Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Z.W.); (M.T.); Tel.: +86-510-85917023 (Z.W.); +86-411-86318657 (H.W. & M.T.)
| | - Mingqian Tan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China;
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (Z.W.); (M.T.); Tel.: +86-510-85917023 (Z.W.); +86-411-86318657 (H.W. & M.T.)
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193
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Lee MH, Gao YT, Huang YH, McGee EE, Lam T, Wang B, Shen MC, Rashid A, Pfeiffer RM, Hsing AW, Koshiol J. A Metallomic Approach to Assess Associations of Serum Metal Levels With Gallstones and Gallbladder Cancer. Hepatology 2020; 71:917-928. [PMID: 31318976 PMCID: PMC6980252 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Exposure to metals may promote the risk for cancers. We evaluated the associations of a broad spectrum of metals with gallbladder cancer (GBC) and gallstones. APPROACH AND RESULTS A total of 259 patients with GBC, 701 patients with gallstones, and 851 population-based controls were enrolled in Shanghai, China. A metallome panel was used to simultaneously detect 18 metals in serum through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Logistic regression models were used to estimate crude or adjusted odds ratios (ORadj ) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between metal levels and gallbladder disease. Among the 18 metals tested, 12 were significantly associated with GBC and six with gallstones (Pcorrected < 0.002). Boron, lithium, molybdenum, and arsenic levels were associated with GBC compared to gallstones as well as with gallstones compared to population-based controls. Elevated levels of cadmium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, and vanadium were positively associated with GBC versus gallstones; and the ORadj for the highest tertile (T3) compared to the lowest tertile (T1) ranged from 1.80 to 7.28, with evidence of dose-response trends (P < 0.05). Arsenic, boron, iron, lithium, magnesium, selenium, and sulfur were inversely associated with GBC, with the T3 versus T1 ORadj ranging from 0.20 to 0.69. Arsenic, boron, calcium, lithium, molybdenum, and phosphorus were negatively associated with gallstones, with the T3 versus T1 ORadj ranging from 0.50 to 0.75 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Metals were associated with both GBC and gallstones, providing cross-sectional evidence of association across the natural history of disease. Longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the temporality of metal exposure and gallbladder diseases and to investigate the mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Han Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Emma E. McGee
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD;,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tram Lam
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Bingsheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Chang Shen
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ruth M. Pfeiffer
- Biostatistics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Ann W. Hsing
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
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194
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Analytical Methodologies for the Determination of Organoarsenicals in Edible Marine Species: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:1910-1934. [PMID: 31999115 PMCID: PMC7250003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is complicated, owing to the enormous diversity of arsenic metabolism in humans, lack of knowledge about the toxicity of these chemicals, and lack of accurate arsenic speciation data on foodstuffs. Identification and quantification of the toxic arsenic compounds are imperative to understanding the risk associated with exposure to arsenic from dietary intake, which, in turn, underscores the need for speciation analysis of the food. Arsenic speciation in seafood is challenging, owing to its existence in myriads of chemical forms and oxidation states. Interconversions occurring between chemical forms, matrix complexity, lack of standards and certified reference materials, and lack of widely accepted measurement protocols present additional challenges. This review covers the current analytical techniques for diverse arsenic species. The requirement for high-quality arsenic speciation data that is essential for establishing legislation and setting regulatory limits for arsenic in food is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang Bok Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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195
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Viczek SA, Aldrian A, Pomberger R, Sarc R. Origins and carriers of Sb, As, Cd, Cl, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg, and Ni in mixed solid waste - A literature-based evaluation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 103:87-112. [PMID: 31881527 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimony, arsenic, cadmium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, lead, mercury, nickel and their compounds are commonly used in the industrial production of various goods. At the end of the product life cycle, these elements enter the waste system as constituents of the products. Mixed municipal and commercial wastes are landfilled, biologically treated, incinerated, and/or processed in mechanical treatment plants to yield solid recovered fuel (SRF). In all these cases, inorganic contaminants that are present in the input waste material play a significant role. In mechanical waste treatment, materials containing high concentrations of these elements (contaminant carriers) can be selectively removed (e.g. by infrared sorters) to improve the output quality, but prior knowledge about the contaminant carriers is required. This paper reviews several waste-related publications in order to identify carriers of Sb, As, Cd, Cl, Cr, Co, Pb, Hg, and Ni in mixed municipal and commercial waste. Identified contaminant carriers are listed alongside ranges for expected concentrations. Furthermore, the data are combined with information on industrial applications and contaminant concentrations in products in order to discuss the reasons for the presence of the respective elements in the carriers. Generally, besides inerts or metals, identified contaminant carriers often include plastics, composite materials, leather products, textiles, rubber, electronic waste, and batteries. Moreover, it is evaluated how individual contaminant carriers are reflected by chemical waste analyses. While the findings of the paper can be applied to different waste treatment options, the discussion focuses on SRF, which is the main output of mechanical treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Viczek
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - A Aldrian
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - R Pomberger
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - R Sarc
- Chair of Waste Processing Technology and Waste Management, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
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196
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Suhl J, Conway KM, Rhoads A, Langlois PH, Feldkamp ML, Michalski A, Romitti PA. Pre-pregnancy dietary arsenic consumption among women in the United States. Birth Defects Res 2020; 112:270-277. [PMID: 31863647 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic is associated with several adverse health outcomes, including some birth defects. Although diet is the predominant route of arsenic exposure in the United States (U.S.), limited data exist regarding pre-pregnancy dietary arsenic consumption among U.S. women. METHODS Using data collected in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), we estimated daily dietary arsenic consumption during the year before pregnancy for 10,886 mothers of nonmalformed control children delivered from 1997-2011. Responses to the NBDPS dietary assessment and food item estimates of total and inorganic arsenic were used to estimate consumption. Associations between total and inorganic arsenic consumption and selected maternal characteristics were estimated using multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS Estimates of mean maternal total and inorganic dietary arsenic consumption were 14.9 and 5.2 μg/day, respectively. Several positive and inverse associations with confidence intervals that excluded the null were observed. Comparing mothers in the middle or high total arsenic consumption tertiles to those in the low tertile, we observed positive associations (odds ratios = 1.3-3.8) for maternal age (≥30 years), lower (0-8 years) or higher (>12 years) education, race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, other), and early pregnancy drinking with no binge episodes, and inverse associations (odds ratios = 0.4-0.8) for age (<25 years), body mass index (≥30.0 kg/m2 ), and early pregnancy smoking. Findings tended to be similar for inorganic arsenic consumption. CONCLUSIONS These contemporary estimates of pre-pregnancy dietary arsenic consumption among U.S. women show associations between both total and inorganic dietary arsenic consumption and several maternal characteristics, improving characterization of the public health impact of this exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Suhl
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kristin M Conway
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Anthony Rhoads
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas
| | - Marcia L Feldkamp
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Adrian Michalski
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, New York
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Reid MS, Hoy KS, Schofield JR, Uppal JS, Lin Y, Lu X, Peng H, Le XC. Arsenic speciation analysis: A review with an emphasis on chromatographic separations. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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198
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Luvonga C, Rimmer CA, Yu LL, Lee SB. Organoarsenicals in Seafood: Occurrence, Dietary Exposure, Toxicity, and Risk Assessment Considerations - A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:943-960. [PMID: 31913614 PMCID: PMC7250045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diet, especially seafood, is the main source of arsenic exposure for humans. The total arsenic content of a diet offers inadequate information for assessment of the toxicological consequences of arsenic intake, which has impeded progress in the establishment of regulatory limits for arsenic in food. Toxicity assessments are mainly based on inorganic arsenic, a well-characterized carcinogen, and arsenobetaine, the main organoarsenical in seafood. Scarcity of toxicity data for organoarsenicals, and the predominance of arsenobetaine as an organic arsenic species in seafood, has led to the assumption of their nontoxicity. Recent toxicokinetic studies show that some organoarsenicals are bioaccessible and cytotoxic with demonstrated toxicities like that of pernicious trivalent inorganic arsenic, underpinning the need for speciation analysis. The need to investigate and compare the bioavailability, metabolic transformation, and elimination from the body of organoarsenicals to the well-established physiological consequences of inorganic arsenic and arsenobetaine exposure is apparent. This review provides an overview of the occurrence and assessment of human exposure to arsenic toxicity associated with the consumption of seafood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Luvonga
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
| | - Catherine A Rimmer
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Lee L Yu
- Analytical Chemistry Division , National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , 100 Bureau Drive , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Sang B Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland , College Park , Maryland 20742 , United States
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Yu Y, Navarro AV, Sahuquillo À, Zhou G, López-Sánchez JF. Arsenosugar standards extracted from algae: Isolation, characterization and use for identification and quantification purposes. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460459. [PMID: 31445800 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfate (SO4-sug) and sulfonate (SO3-sug) arsenosugar standard solutions were obtained using preparative liquid chromatography. Several commercial algae samples were characterized (total contents and speciation) to select the most appropriate in relation to their arsenosugar contents. Water extracts from the selected sample (Fucus vesiculosus) were fractionated using a Hamilton PRP-X100 preparative column, and the presence of arsenic species in the isolated fractions was ascertained by IC-ICP-MS. Two of the fractions successfully presented only one arsenic species corresponding to sulfate and sulfonate arsenosugars at suitable concentrations. To unequivocally confirm the presence of both compounds, high-resolution mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS) was used and the exact mass determined with errors lower than 0.5 ppm. The standard solutions obtained were successfully used to identify and quantify SO4-sug and SO3-sug in several edible algae samples purchased in local market. Total arsenic content for analyzed samples ranged from 34 to 57 mg kg-1, concentration values found for SO3-sug ranged from 5 to 36 mg As kg-1 and SO4-sug was only found in fucus with a concentration of 9.3 mg As kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University. Chongqing, China; Analytical Chemistry Section, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vivó Navarro
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Àngels Sahuquillo
- Analytical Chemistry Section, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guangming Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University. Chongqing, China
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Zwolak I. The Role of Selenium in Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity: an Updated Review of Scientific Literature. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 193:44-63. [PMID: 30877523 PMCID: PMC6914719 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are elements arousing major public health concerns associated with environmental pollution, high toxicity potential, and carcinogenic nature. However, selenium (Se) at low doses and incorporated into enzymes and proteins has antioxidant properties and protects animals and humans from the risk of various diseases. It also has an exceptionally narrow range between necessary and toxic concentrations, which is a well-known hindrance in its use as a dietary supplement. The present article aims to update and expand the role of Se in As and Cd toxicity discussed in our earlier paper. In general, recent reports show that Se, regardless of its form (as selenite, selenomethionine, nanoSe, or Se from lentils), can reduce As- or Cd-mediated toxicity in the liver, kidney, spleen, brain, or heart in animal models and in cell culture studies. As was suggested in our earlier review, Se antagonizes the toxicity of As and Cd mainly through sequestration of these elements into biologically inert complexes and/or through the action of Se-dependent antioxidant enzymes. An increase in the As methylation efficiency is proposed as a possible mechanism by which Se can reduce As toxicity. However, new studies indicate that Se may also diminish As or Cd toxicity by activation of the Nrf2 pathway. In addition, this paper discusses possible signs of Se toxic effects, which may be a challenge for its future use in the therapy of As and Cd poisoning and provide future directions to address this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Zwolak
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
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