151
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The Pathogenesis of Port Wine Stain and Sturge Weber Syndrome: Complex Interactions between Genetic Alterations and Aberrant MAPK and PI3K Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092243. [PMID: 31067686 PMCID: PMC6539103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Port wine stain (PWS) is a congenital vascular malformation involving human skin. Approximately 15-20% of children a facial PWS involving the ophthalmic (V1) trigeminal dermatome are at risk for Sturge Weber syndrome (SWS), a neurocutaneous disorder with vascular malformations in the cerebral cortex on the same side of the facial PWS lesions. Recently, evidence has surfaced that advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of PWS/SWS, including discoveries of somatic genetic mutations (GNAQ, PI3K), MAPK and PI3K aberrant activations, and molecular phenotypes of PWS endothelial cells. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the etiology and pathology of PWS/SWS based on evidence that the activation of MAPK and/or PI3K contributes to the malformations, as well as potential futuristic treatment approaches targeting these aberrantly dysregulated signaling pathways. Current data support that: (1) PWS is a multifactorial malformation involving the entire physiological structure of human skin; (2) PWS should be pathoanatomically re-defined as "a malformation resulting from differentiation-impaired endothelial cells with a progressive dilatation of immature venule-like vasculatures"; (3) dysregulation of vascular MAPK and/or PI3K signaling during human embryonic development plays a part in the pathogenesis and progression of PWS/SWS; and (4) sporadic low frequency somatic mutations, such as GNAQ, PI3K, work as team players but not as a lone wolf, contributing to the development of vascular phenotypes. We also address many crucial questions yet to be answered in the future research investigations.
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152
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Bai Y, Liu R, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wu J, Li Z, Qian S, Li B, Zhang Z, Fathy AH, Cappetta D, Zhou J, Zou Y, Qian J, Ge J. VEGFR endocytosis regulates the angiogenesis in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:1849-1859. [PMID: 31285877 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.05.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The regulation of angiogenesis in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases has been widely studied and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) families and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) have been proven to be one of the key regulators. The VEGFR endocytosis has been recently proved to be involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Our previous study showed that the upregulation of VEGFR endocytosis enhanced angiogenesis in vitro. In this research, we utilized mice with induced hindlimb ischemia, as a model to investigate the role of VEGFR endocytosis in the regulation of angiogenesis in vivo. Our goal was to observe the effect of revascularization with different degrees of VEGFR endocytosis after injecting atypical protein kinase C inhibitor (αPKCi) and dynasore, which could respectively promote and inhibit the VEGFR endocytosis. Methods We induced the hindlimb ischemia in adult male mice by ligating the hindlimb artery. By directly injecting the ischemic muscles with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) alone or EPCs + αPKCi/EPCs + dynasore or control medium (sham group), we divided the mice into four groups and detected lower limb blood flow using a laser Doppler blood perfusion imager. We also measured the immunohistochemistry (IHC) of markers for angiogenesis, such as CD31 and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the ischemic hindlimb tissues. Results We demonstrated VEGFR endocytosis played an important role in the angiogenesis of the ischemic hindlimb model in vivo. By using atypical PKC inhibitor that increase the VEGFR endocytosis, the angiogenesis in the mice model was promoted. Treatment with EPCs + αPKCi showed greater effects on blood perfusion recovery and increased the α-SMA-positive vessels. Conclusions The regulation of VEGFR endocytosis represents a valuable method of improving angiogenesis and thus revascularization in ischemic disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhixing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhuoquan Li
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Sanli Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Abdel Hamid Fathy
- The Institute for Translational Nanomedicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Donato Cappetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Jingmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunzeng Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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153
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Tomar D, Yadav AS, Kumar D, Bhadauriya G, Kundu GC. Non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutic targets in breast cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1863:194378. [PMID: 31048026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Paradigm shifting studies especially involving non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during last few decades have significantly changed the scientific perspectives regarding the complexity of cellular signalling pathways. Several studies have shown that the non-coding RNAs, initially ignored as transcriptional noise or products of erroneous transcription; actually regulate plethora of biological phenomena ranging from developmental processes to various diseases including cancer. Current strategies that are employed for the management of various cancers including that of breast fall short when their undesired side effects like Cancer Stem Cells (CSC) enrichment, low recurrence-free survival and development of drug resistance are taken into consideration. This review aims at exploring the potential role of ncRNAs as therapeutics in breast cancer, by providing a comprehensive understanding of their mechanism of action and function and their crucial contribution in regulating various aspects of breast cancer progression such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT, CSCs, drug resistance and metastasis. In addition, we also provide information about various strategies that can be employed or are under development to explore them as potential moieties that may be used for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Tomar
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India.
| | - Amit S Yadav
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India.
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Garima Bhadauriya
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India
| | - Gopal C Kundu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Angiogenesis and Nanomedicine Research, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, India.
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154
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Su SA, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Xi Y, Cheng J, Xiang M. Essential roles of EphrinB2 in mammalian heart: from development to diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:29. [PMID: 30909943 PMCID: PMC6434800 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
EphrinB2, a membrane-tethered ligand preferentially binding to its receptor EphB4, is ubiquitously expressed in all mammals. Through the particular bidirectional signaling, EphrinB2 plays a critical role during the development of cardiovascular system, postnatal angiogenesis physiologically and pathologically, and cardiac remodeling after injuries as an emerging role. This review highlights the pivotal involvement of EphrinB2 in heart, from developmental cardiogenesis to pathological cardiac remodeling process. Further potential translational therapies will be discussed in targeting EphrinB2 signaling, to better understand the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-An Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yutao Xi
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, 77030, USA.
| | - Jie Cheng
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, 77030, USA
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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155
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Fereydooni A, Dardik A, Nassiri N. Molecular changes associated with vascular malformations. J Vasc Surg 2019; 70:314-326.e1. [PMID: 30922748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Vascular anomalies are typically classified into two major categories, vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Most vascular malformations are caused sporadically by somatic mosaic gene mutations, and genetic analyses have advanced our understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis. Culprit gene mutations typically involve two major signaling pathways; the RAS/MAPK/ERK pathway is typically involved in fast-flow arteriovenous malformations, whereas the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is typically mutated in slow-flow venous and lymphatic malformations. These findings suggest new therapeutic approaches to vascular malformations, focusing on targeting the etiologic mutated pathways. This review summarizes the currently available literature reflecting the updated International Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies classification system with emphasis on potential therapeutic targets that will provide vascular surgeons with an updated perspective on the etiologic basis of vascular malformations, allowing improved multidisciplinary collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Dardik
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Conn
| | - Naiem Nassiri
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare Systems, West Haven, Conn.
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156
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Herrero D, Cañón S, Albericio G, Carmona RM, Aguilar S, Mañes S, Bernad A. Age-related oxidative stress confines damage-responsive Bmi1 + cells to perivascular regions in the murine adult heart. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101156. [PMID: 30851670 PMCID: PMC6407305 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult progenitor cells reside in specialized microenvironments which maintain their undifferentiated cell state and trigger regenerative responses following injury. Although these environments are well described in several tissues, the cellular components that comprise the cardiac environment where progenitor cells are located remain unknown. Here we use Bmi1CreERT and Bmi1GFP mice as genetic tools to trace cardiac damage-responsive cells throughout the mouse lifespan. In adolescent mice, Bmi1+ damage-responsive cells are broadly distributed throughout the myocardium. In adult mice, however, Bmi1+ cells are confined predominately in perivascular areas with low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their number decline in an age-dependent manner. In vitro co-culture experiments with endothelial cells supported a regulatory role of the endothelium in damage-responsive cell behavior. Accordingly, in vivo genetic decrease of ROS levels in adult heart disengaged Bmi1+ cells from the cardiovascular network, recapitulating an adolescent-like Bmi1 expression profile. Thus, we identify cardiac perivascular regions as low-stress microenvironments that favor the maintenance of adult damage-responsive cells. Bmi1+ cardiac damage-responsive cells are sheltered in areas with low ROS levels. Aging-related oxidative damage confines cardiac Bmi1+ cells to perivascular regions. Microvasculature-derived signals regulate adult Bmi1+ damage-responsive cell behavior. Genetic ROS levels manipulation modifies the percentage and identity of Bmi1+ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Herrero
- Cardiac Stem Cells Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cañón
- Cardiac Stem Cells Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Albericio
- Cardiac Stem Cells Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Carmona
- Cardiac Stem Cells Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Aguilar
- Cardiac Stem Cells Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Mañes
- Signaling Networks in Inflammation and Cancer Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Cardiac Stem Cells Group, Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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157
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Zeng X, Hunt A, Jin SC, Duran D, Gaillard J, Kahle KT. EphrinB2-EphB4-RASA1 Signaling in Human Cerebrovascular Development and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:265-286. [PMID: 30819650 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent whole exome sequencing studies in humans have provided novel insight into the importance of the ephrinB2-EphB4-RASA1 signaling axis in cerebrovascular development, corroborating and extending previous work in model systems. Here, we aim to review the human cerebrovascular phenotypes associated with ephrinB2-EphB4-RASA1 mutations, including those recently discovered in Vein of Galen malformation: the most common and severe brain arteriovenous malformation in neonates. We will also discuss emerging paradigms of the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of disease-causing ephrinB2-EphB4-RASA1 mutations, including the potential role of somatic mosaicism. These observations have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications for patients with rare congenital cerebrovascular diseases and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ava Hunt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Gaillard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA.
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158
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Padget RL, Mohite SS, Hoog TG, Justis BS, Green BE, Udan RS. Hemodynamic force is required for vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment to blood vessels during mouse embryonic development. Mech Dev 2019; 156:8-19. [PMID: 30796970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel maturation, which is characterized by the investment of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) around developing blood vessels, begins when vessels remodel into a hierarchy of proximal arteries and proximal veins that branch into smaller distal capillaries. The ultimate result of maturation is formation of the tunica media-the middlemost layer of a vessel that is composed of vSMCs and acts to control vessel integrity and vascular tone. Though many studies have implicated the role of various signaling molecules in regulating maturation, no studies have determined a role for hemodynamic force in the regulation of maturation in the mouse. In the current study, we provide evidence that a hemodynamic force-dependent mechanism occurs in the mouse because reduced blood flow mouse embryos exhibited a diminished or absent coverage of vSMCs around vessels, and in normal-flow embryos, extent of coverage correlated to the amount of blood flow that vessels were exposed to. We also determine that the cellular mechanism of force-induced maturation was not by promoting vSMC differentiation/proliferation, but instead involved the recruitment of vSMCs away from neighboring low-flow distal capillaries towards high-flow vessels. Finally, we hypothesize that hemodynamic force may regulate expression of specific signaling molecules to control vSMC recruitment to high-flow vessels, as reduction of flow results in the misexpression of Semaphorin 3A, 3F, 3G, and the Notch target gene Hey1, all of which are implicated in controlling vessel maturation. This study reveals another role for hemodynamic force in regulating blood vessel development of the mouse, and opens up a new model to begin elucidating mechanotransduction pathways regulating vascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Padget
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Shilpa S Mohite
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Tanner G Hoog
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Blake S Justis
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Bruce E Green
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Ryan S Udan
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America.
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159
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Ieguchi K, Maru Y. Roles of EphA1/A2 and ephrin-A1 in cancer. Cancer Sci 2019; 110:841-848. [PMID: 30657619 PMCID: PMC6398892 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of the Eph/ephrin system have been intensively investigated and well documented so far since its discovery in 1987. Although the Eph/ephrin system has been implicated in pathological settings such as Alzheimer's disease and cancer, the molecular mechanism of the Eph/ephrin system in those diseases is not well understood. Especially in cancer, recent studies have demonstrated that most of Eph and ephrin are up‐ or down‐regulated in various types of cancer, and have been implicated in tumor progression, tumor malignancy, and prognosis. However, they lack consistency and are in controversy. The localization patterns of EphA1 and EphA2 in mouse lungs are very similar, and both knockout mice showed similar phenotypes in the lungs. Ephrin‐A1 that is a membrane‐anchored ligand for EphAs was co‐localized with EphA1 and EphA2 in lung vascular endothelial cells. We recently uncovered the molecular mechanism of ephrin‐A1‐induced lung metastasis by understanding the physiological function of ephrin‐A1 in lungs. This review focuses on the function of EphA1, EphA2, and ephrin‐A1 in tumors and an establishment of pre‐metastatic microenvironment in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Ieguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maru
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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160
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Duran D, Zeng X, Jin SC, Choi J, Nelson-Williams C, Yatsula B, Gaillard J, Furey CG, Lu Q, Timberlake AT, Dong W, Sorscher MA, Loring E, Klein J, Allocco A, Hunt A, Conine S, Karimy JK, Youngblood MW, Zhang J, DiLuna ML, Matouk CC, Mane S, Tikhonova IR, Castaldi C, López-Giráldez F, Knight J, Haider S, Soban M, Alper SL, Komiyama M, Ducruet AF, Zabramski JM, Dardik A, Walcott BP, Stapleton CJ, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Rodesch G, Jackson E, Smith ER, Orbach DB, Berenstein A, Bilguvar K, Vikkula M, Gunel M, Lifton RP, Kahle KT. Mutations in Chromatin Modifier and Ephrin Signaling Genes in Vein of Galen Malformation. Neuron 2019; 101:429-443.e4. [PMID: 30578106 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Normal vascular development includes the formation and specification of arteries, veins, and intervening capillaries. Vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs) are among the most common and severe neonatal brain arterio-venous malformations, shunting arterial blood into the brain's deep venous system through aberrant direct connections. Exome sequencing of 55 VOGM probands, including 52 parent-offspring trios, revealed enrichment of rare damaging de novo mutations in chromatin modifier genes that play essential roles in brain and vascular development. Other VOGM probands harbored rare inherited damaging mutations in Ephrin signaling genes, including a genome-wide significant mutation burden in EPHB4. Inherited mutations showed incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity, with mutation carriers often exhibiting cutaneous vascular abnormalities, suggesting a two-hit mechanism. The identified mutations collectively account for ∼30% of studied VOGM cases. These findings provide insight into disease biology and may have clinical implications for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bogdan Yatsula
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Gaillard
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Qiongshi Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michelle A Sorscher
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin Loring
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Klein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - August Allocco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ava Hunt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sierra Conine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jason K Karimy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mark W Youngblood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael L DiLuna
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Charles C Matouk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - James Knight
- Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shozeb Haider
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Mariya Soban
- University College London, School of Pharmacy, London, UK; Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masaki Komiyama
- Department of Neurointervention, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew F Ducruet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph M Zabramski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Alan Dardik
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brian P Walcott
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Georges Rodesch
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - Eric Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro Berenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaya Bilguvar
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Center for Genome Analysis, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Temporal Change of Extracellular Matrix during Vein Arterialization Remodeling in Rats. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6010007. [PMID: 30717394 PMCID: PMC6463024 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The global expression profile of the arterialized rat jugular vein was established to identify candidate genes and cellular pathways underlying the remodeling process. The arterialized jugular vein was analyzed on days 3 and 28 post-surgery and compared with the normal jugular vein and carotid artery. A gene array platform detected 9846 genes in all samples. A heatmap analysis uncovered patterns of gene expression showing that the arterialized vein underwent a partial transition from vein to artery from day 3 to 28 post-surgery. The same pattern was verified for 1845 key differentially expressed genes by performing a pairwise comparison of the jugular vein with the other groups. Interestingly, hierarchical clustering of 60 genes with altered expression on day 3 and day 28 displayed an expression pattern similar to that of the carotid artery. Enrichment analysis results and the network relationship among genes modulated during vein arterialization showed that collagen might play a role in the early remodeling process. Indeed, the total collagen content was increased, with the augmented expression of collagen I, collagen IV, and collagen V in arterialized veins. Additionally, there was an increase in the expression of versican and Thy-1 and a decrease in the expression of biglycan and β1-integrin. Overall, we provide evidence that vein arterialization remodeling is accompanied by consistent patterns of gene expression and that collagen may be an essential element underlying extracellular matrix changes that support the increased vascular wall stress of the new hemodynamic environment.
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162
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Jiang X, Tian W, Tu AB, Pasupneti S, Shuffle E, Dahms P, Zhang P, Cai H, Dinh TT, Liu B, Cain C, Giaccia AJ, Butcher EC, Simon MC, Semenza GL, Nicolls MR. Endothelial Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α Is Required for the Maintenance of Airway Microvasculature. Circulation 2019; 139:502-517. [PMID: 30586708 PMCID: PMC6340714 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), especially HIF-1α and HIF-2α, are key mediators of the adaptive response to hypoxic stress and play essential roles in maintaining lung homeostasis. Human and animal genetics studies confirm that abnormal HIF correlates with pulmonary vascular pathology and chronic lung diseases, but it remains unclear whether endothelial cell HIF production is essential for microvascular health. The large airway has an ideal circulatory bed for evaluating histological changes and physiology in genetically modified rodents. METHODS The tracheal microvasculature of mice, with conditionally deleted or overexpressed HIF-1α or HIF-2α, was evaluated for anatomy, perfusion, and permeability. Angiogenic signaling studies assessed vascular changes attributable to dysregulated HIF expression. An orthotopic tracheal transplantation model further evaluated the contribution of individual HIF isoforms in airway endothelial cells. RESULTS The genetic deletion of Hif-2α but not Hif-1α caused tracheal endothelial cell apoptosis, diminished pericyte coverage, reduced vascular perfusion, defective barrier function, overlying epithelial abnormalities, and subepithelial fibrotic remodeling. HIF-2α promoted microvascular integrity in airways through endothelial angiopoietin-1/TIE2 signaling and Notch activity. In functional tracheal transplants, HIF-2α deficiency in airway donors accelerated graft microvascular loss, whereas HIF-2α or angiopoietin-1 overexpression prolonged transplant microvascular perfusion. Augmented endothelial HIF-2α in transplant donors promoted airway microvascular integrity and diminished alloimmune inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the constitutive expression of endothelial HIF-2α is required for airway microvascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinguo Jiang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Wen Tian
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Allen B. Tu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Shravani Pasupneti
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Eric Shuffle
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Petra Dahms
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Patrick Zhang
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Haoliang Cai
- University of Michigan School of Information, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Thanh T. Dinh
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bo Liu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Corey Cain
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Eugene C. Butcher
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gregg L. Semenza
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Mark R. Nicolls
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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163
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Alabi RO, Farber G, Blobel CP. Intriguing Roles for Endothelial ADAM10/Notch Signaling in the Development of Organ-Specific Vascular Beds. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2025-2061. [PMID: 30067156 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a remarkably interesting, complex, and interconnected organ. It provides a conduit for oxygen and nutrients, filtration of waste products, and rapid communication between organs. Much remains to be learned about the specialized vascular beds that fulfill these diverse, yet vital functions. This review was prompted by the discovery that Notch signaling in mouse endothelial cells is crucial for the development of specialized vascular beds found in the heart, kidneys, liver, intestines, and bone. We will address the intriguing questions raised by the role of Notch signaling and that of its regulator, the metalloprotease ADAM10, in the development of specialized vascular beds. We will cover fundamentals of ADAM10/Notch signaling, the concept of Notch-dependent cell fate decisions, and how these might govern the development of organ-specific vascular beds through angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. We will also consider common features of the affected vessels, including the presence of fenestra or sinusoids and their occurrence in portal systems with two consecutive capillary beds. We hope to stimulate further discussion and study of the role of ADAM10/Notch signaling in the development of specialized vascular structures, which might help uncover new targets for the repair of vascular beds damaged in conditions like coronary artery disease and glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolake O Alabi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Gregory Farber
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
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164
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Wolf K, Hu H, Isaji T, Dardik A. Molecular identity of arteries, veins, and lymphatics. J Vasc Surg 2019; 69:253-262. [PMID: 30154011 PMCID: PMC6309638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.06.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels are distinguished by structural differences that correspond to their different functions. Each of these vessels is also defined by specific molecular markers that persist throughout adult life; these markers are some of the molecular determinants that control the differentiation of embryonic undifferentiated cells into arteries, veins, or lymphatics. METHODS This is a review of experimental literature. RESULTS The Eph-B4 receptor and its ligand, ephrin-B2, are critical molecular determinants of vessel identity, arising on endothelial cells early in embryonic development. Eph-B4 and ephrin-B2 continue to be expressed on adult vessels and mark vessel identity. However, after vascular surgery, vessel identity can change and is marked by altered Eph-B4 and ephrin-B2 expression. Vein grafts show loss of venous identity, with less Eph-B4 expression. Arteriovenous fistulas show gain of dual arterial-venous identity, with both Eph-B4 and ephrin-B2 expression, and manipulation of Eph-B4 improves arteriovenous fistula patency. Patches used to close arteries and veins exhibit context-dependent gain of identity, that is, patches in the arterial environment gain arterial identity, whereas patches in the venous environment gain venous identity; these results show the importance of the host infiltrating cells in determining vascular identity after vascular surgery. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the vessel's molecular identity after vascular surgery correspond to structural changes that depend on the host's postsurgical environment. Regulation of vascular identity and the underlying molecular mechanisms may allow new therapeutic approaches to improve vascular surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Wolf
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Haidi Hu
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Alan Dardik
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Conn.
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165
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Breslin JW, Yang Y, Scallan JP, Sweat RS, Adderley SP, Murfee WL. Lymphatic Vessel Network Structure and Physiology. Compr Physiol 2018; 9:207-299. [PMID: 30549020 PMCID: PMC6459625 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system is comprised of a network of vessels interrelated with lymphoid tissue, which has the holistic function to maintain the local physiologic environment for every cell in all tissues of the body. The lymphatic system maintains extracellular fluid homeostasis favorable for optimal tissue function, removing substances that arise due to metabolism or cell death, and optimizing immunity against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and other antigens. This article provides a comprehensive review of important findings over the past century along with recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and physiology of lymphatic vessels, including tissue/organ specificity, development, mechanisms of lymph formation and transport, lymphangiogenesis, and the roles of lymphatics in disease. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:207-299, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome W. Breslin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Joshua P. Scallan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Richard S. Sweat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Shaquria P. Adderley
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - W. Lee Murfee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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166
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Shirure VS, Bi Y, Curtis MB, Lezia A, Goedegebuure MM, Goedegebuure SP, Aft R, Fields RC, George SC. Tumor-on-a-chip platform to investigate progression and drug sensitivity in cell lines and patient-derived organoids. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3687-3702. [PMID: 30393802 PMCID: PMC10644986 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00596f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer treatment strategies target cell proliferation, angiogenesis, migration, and intravasation of tumor cells in an attempt to limit tumor growth and metastasis. An in vitro platform to assess tumor progression and drug sensitivity could provide avenues to enhance our understanding of tumor metastasis as well as precision medicine. We present a microfluidic platform that mimics biological mass transport near the arterial end of a capillary in the tumor microenvironment. A central feature is a quiescent perfused 3D microvascular network created prior to loading tumor cells or patient-derived tumor organoids in an adjacent compartment. The physiological delivery of nutrients and/or drugs to the tumor then occurs through the vascular network. We demonstrate the culture, growth, and treatment of tumor cell lines and patient-derived breast cancer organoids. The platform provides the opportunity to simultaneously and dynamically observe hallmark features of tumor progression including cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and tumor cell intravasation. Additionally, primary breast tumor organoids are viable in the device for several weeks and induce robust sprouting angiogenesis. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility of our platform for drug discovery and personalized medicine by analyzing the response to chemo- and anti-angiogenic therapy. Precision medicine-based cancer treatments can only be realized if individual tumors can be rapidly assessed for therapeutic sensitivity in a clinically relevant timeframe (⪅14 days). Our platform indicates that this goal can be achieved and provides compelling opportunities to advance precision medicine for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venktesh S Shirure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ye Bi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Matthew B Curtis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Andrew Lezia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | | | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA and Siteman Cancer Center at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Rebecca Aft
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA and Siteman Cancer Center at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA and Johan Cochran Veterans Administration Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA and Siteman Cancer Center at the Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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167
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Kurtzeborn K, Cebrian C, Kuure S. Regulation of Renal Differentiation by Trophic Factors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1588. [PMID: 30483151 PMCID: PMC6240607 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Classically, trophic factors are considered as proteins which support neurons in their growth, survival, and differentiation. However, most neurotrophic factors also have important functions outside of the nervous system. Especially essential renal growth and differentiation regulators are glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). Here we discuss how trophic factor-induced signaling contributes to the control of ureteric bud (UB) branching morphogenesis and to maintenance and differentiation of nephrogenic mesenchyme in embryonic kidney. The review includes recent advances in trophic factor functions during the guidance of branching morphogenesis and self-renewal versus differentiation decisions, both of which dictate the control of kidney size and nephron number. Creative utilization of current information may help better recapitulate renal differentiation in vitro, but it is obvious that significantly more basic knowledge is needed for development of regeneration-based renal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kurtzeborn
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristina Cebrian
- Developmental Biology Division, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Satu Kuure
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- GM-Unit, Laboratory Animal Centre, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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168
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Wu T, Zhang BQ, Raelson J, Yao YM, Wu HD, Xu ZX, Marois-Blanchet FC, Tahir MR, Wang Y, Bradley WE, Luo H, Wu J, Sheng JZ, Hu SJ. Analysis of the association of EPHB6, EFNB1 and EFNB3 variants with hypertension risks in males with hypogonadism. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14497. [PMID: 30262919 PMCID: PMC6160468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several members of the EPH kinase family and their ligands are involved in blood pressure regulation, and such regulation is often sex- or sex hormone-dependent, based on animal and human genetic studies. EPHB6 gene knockout (KO) in mice leads to hypertension in castrated males but not in un-manipulated KO males or females. To assess whether this finding in mice is relevant to human hypertension, we conducted a human genetic study for the association of EPHB6 and its two ligands, EFNB1 and EFNB3, with hypertension in hypogonadic patients. Seven hundred and fifty hypertensive and 750 normotensive Han Chinese patients, all of whom were hypogonadic, were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the regions of the genes, plus an additional 50 kb 5′ of the genes for EPHB6, EFNB1 and EFNB3. An imputed insertion/deletion polymorphism, rs35530071, was found to be associated with hypertension at p-values below the Bonferroni-corrected significance level of 0.0024. This marker is located 5′ upstream of the EFNB3 gene start site. Previous animal studies showed that while male EFNB3 gene knockout mice were normotensive, castration of these mice resulted in hypertension, corroborating the results of the human genetic study. Considering the significant associations of EFNB3 SNPs with hypertension in hypogonadic males and supporting evidence from castrated EFNB3 KO mice, we conclude that loss-of-function variants of molecules in the EPHB6 signaling pathway in the presence of testosterone are protective against hypertension in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Institute of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - John Raelson
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yu-Mei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China
| | - Huan-Dong Wu
- Institute of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zao-Xian Xu
- Institute of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | | | - Muhammad Ramzan Tahir
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yujia Wang
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada.,Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - W Edward Bradley
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Jiangping Wu
- Research Centre, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada. .,Nephrology Service, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Quebec, H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- Department of Pathology and Physiopathology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
| | - Shen-Jiang Hu
- Institute of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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169
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Changes in ephrin gene expression during bone healing identify a restricted repertoire of ephrins mediating fracture repair. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 151:43-55. [PMID: 30250975 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1712-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To identify the repertoire of ephrin genes that might regulate endochondral bone fracture repair, we examined changes in ephrin ligand and receptor (Eph) gene expression in fracture callus tissues during bone fracture healing. Ephrin and Eph proteins were then localized in the fracture callus tissues present when changes in gene expression were observed. Ephrin gene expression was widespread in fracture tissues, but the repertoire of ephrin genes with significant changes in expression that might suggest a regulatory role in fracture callus development was restricted to the ephrin A family members Epha4, Epha5 and the ephrin B family member Efnb1. After 3 weeks of healing, Epha4 fracture expression was downregulated from 1.3- to 0.8-fold and Epha5 fracture expression was upregulated from 1.2- to 1.5-fold of intact contralateral femur expression, respectively. Efnb1 expression was downregulated from 1.5- to 1.2-fold after 2 weeks post-fracture. These ephrin proteins were localized to fracture callus prehypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts, as well as to the periosteum and fibrous tissues. The observed positive correlation between mRNA levels of EfnB1 with Col10 and Epha5 with Bglap, together with colocalized expression with their respective proteins, suggest that EfnB1 is a positive mediator of prehypertrophic chondrocyte development and that Epha5 contributes to osteoblast-mediated mineralization of fracture callus. In contrast, mRNA levels of Epha4 and Efnb1 correlated negatively with Bglap, thus suggesting a negative role for these two ephrin family members in mature osteoblast functions. Given the number of family members and widespread expression of the ephrins, a characterization of changes in ephrin gene expression provides a basis for identifying ephrin family members that might regulate the molecular pathways of bone fracture repair. This approach suggests that a highly restricted repertoire of ephrins, EfnB1 and EphA5, are the major mediators of fracture callus cartilage hypertrophy and ossification, respectively, and proposes candidates for additional functional study and eventual therapeutic application.
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170
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Tsuji-Tamura K, Ogawa M. Morphology regulation in vascular endothelial cells. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:25. [PMID: 30214642 PMCID: PMC6130072 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological change in endothelial cells is an initial and crucial step in the process of establishing a functional vascular network. Following or associated with differentiation and proliferation, endothelial cells elongate and assemble into linear cord-like vessels, subsequently forming a perfusable vascular tube. In vivo and in vitro studies have begun to outline the underlying genetic and signaling mechanisms behind endothelial cell morphology regulation. This review focuses on the transcription factors and signaling pathways regulating endothelial cell behavior, involved in morphology, during vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuji-Tamura
- 1Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan.,2Present Address: Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586 Japan
| | - Minetaro Ogawa
- 1Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
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171
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Dorsey TB, Kim D, Grath A, James D, Dai G. Multivalent biomaterial platform to control the distinct arterial venous differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 185:1-12. [PMID: 30216805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) differentiated from pluripotent stem cells have enormous potential to be used in a variety of therapeutic areas such as tissue engineering of vascular grafts and re-vascularization of ischemic tissues. To date, various protocols have been developed to differentiate stem cells toward vascular ECs. However, current methods are still not sufficient to drive the distinct arterial venous differentiation. Therefore, developing refined method of arterial-venous differentiation is critically needed to address this gap. Here, we developed a biomaterial platform to mimic multivalent ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling and investigated its role in the early arterial and venous specification of pluripotent stem cells. Our results show immobilized ephrinB2 or EphB4 on hydrogel substrates have a distinct effect on arterial venous differentiation by regulating several arterial venous markers. When in combination with Wnt pathway agonist or BMP4 signaling, the ephrin-B2/EphB4 biomaterial platform can create diverging EC progenitor populations, demonstrating differential gene expression pattern across a wide range of arterial and venous markers, as well as phenotypic markers such as anti-thrombotic, pro-atherogenic and osteogenic genes, that are consistent with the in vivo expression patterns of arterial and venous ECs. Importantly, this distinct EC progenitor population cannot be achieved by current methods of applying soluble factors or hemodynamic stimuli alone, illustrating that fine-tuning of developmental signals using the biomaterial platform offers a new approach to better control the arterial venous differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Dorsey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Diana Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexander Grath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daylon James
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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172
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Marsboom G, Rehman J. Hypoxia Signaling in Vascular Homeostasis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:328-337. [PMID: 30109825 PMCID: PMC6230550 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia signaling in the vasculature controls vascular permeability, inflammation, vascular growth, and repair of vascular injury. In this review, we summarize recent insights in this burgeoning field and highlight the importance of studying the heterogeneity of hypoxia responses among individual patients, distinct vascular beds, and even individual vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn Marsboom
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
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173
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Henderson NT, Dalva MB. EphBs and ephrin-Bs: Trans-synaptic organizers of synapse development and function. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 91:108-121. [PMID: 30031105 PMCID: PMC6159941 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are specialized cell-cell junctions that underlie the function of neural circuits by mediating communication between neurons. Both the formation and function of synapses require tight coordination of signaling between pre- and post-synaptic neurons. Trans-synaptic organizing molecules are important mediators of such signaling. Here we discuss how the EphB and ephrin-B families of trans-synaptic organizing proteins direct synapse formation during early development and regulate synaptic function and plasticity at mature synapses. Finally, we highlight recent evidence linking the synaptic organizing role of EphBs and ephrin-Bs to diseases of maladaptive synaptic function and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Henderson
- The Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Department of Neuroscience, The Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Suite 463, 900 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Matthew B Dalva
- The Jefferson Synaptic Biology Center, Department of Neuroscience, The Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Suite 463, 900 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
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174
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Park SA, Jeong MS, Ha KT, Jang SB. Structure and function of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor system. BMB Rep 2018; 51:73-78. [PMID: 29397867 PMCID: PMC5836560 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor (VEGF-VEGFR) system play a critical role in the regulation of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in vertebrates. Each of the VEGF has specific receptors, which it activates by binding to the extracellular domain of the receptors, and, thus, regulates the angiogenic balance in the early embryonic and adult stages. However, de-regulation of the VEGF-VEGFR implicates directly in various diseases, particularly cancer. Moreover, tumor growth needs a dedicated blood supply to provide oxygen and other essential nutrients. Tumor metastasis requires blood vessels to carry tumors to distant sites, where they can implant and begin the growth of secondary tumors. Thus, investigation of signaling systems related to the human disease, such as VEGF-VEGFR, will facilitate the development of treatments for such illnesses. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(2): 73-78].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ah Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Mi Suk Jeong
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine and Korean Medicine Research Centre for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Se Bok Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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175
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Icli
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- From the Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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176
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Reprogramming the Stem Cell Behavior by Shear Stress and Electric Field Stimulation: Lab-on-a-Chip Based Biomicrofluidics in Regenerative Medicine. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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177
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Berthiaume AA, Hartmann DA, Majesky MW, Bhat NR, Shih AY. Pericyte Structural Remodeling in Cerebrovascular Health and Homeostasis. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:210. [PMID: 30065645 PMCID: PMC6057109 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biology of brain microvascular pericytes is an active area of research and discovery, as their interaction with the endothelium is critical for multiple aspects of cerebrovascular function. There is growing evidence that pericyte loss or dysfunction is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, ischemic stroke and brain injury. However, strategies to mitigate or compensate for this loss remain limited. In this review, we highlight a novel finding that pericytes in the adult brain are structurally dynamic in vivo, and actively compensate for loss of endothelial coverage by extending their far-reaching processes to maintain contact with regions of exposed endothelium. Structural remodeling of pericytes may present an opportunity to foster pericyte-endothelial communication in the adult brain and should be explored as a potential means to counteract pericyte loss in dementia and cerebrovascular disease. We discuss the pathophysiological consequences of pericyte loss on capillary function, and the biochemical pathways that may control pericyte remodeling. We also offer guidance for observing pericytes in vivo, such that pericyte structural remodeling can be more broadly studied in mouse models of cerebrovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Berthiaume
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - David A Hartmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Mark W Majesky
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Narayan R Bhat
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Andy Y Shih
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.,Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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178
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Mokhtari S, Colletti E, Yin W, Sanada C, Lamar Z, Simmons PJ, Walker S, Bishop C, Atala A, Zanjani ED, Porada CD, Almeida-Porada G. A human bone marrow mesodermal-derived cell population with hemogenic potential. Leukemia 2018; 32:1575-1586. [PMID: 29467489 PMCID: PMC6035774 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence, within the human bone marrow, of cells with both endothelial and hemogenic potential has been controversial. Herein, we identify, within the human fetal bone marrow, prior to establishment of hematopoiesis, a unique APLNR+, Stro-1+ cell population, co-expressing markers of early mesodermal precursors and/or hemogenic endothelium. In adult marrow, cells expressing similar markers are also found, but at very low frequency. These adult-derived cells can be extensively culture expanded in vitro without loss of potential, they preserve a biased hemogenic transcriptional profile, and, upon in vitro induction with OCT4, assume a hematopoietic phenotype. In vivo, these cells, upon transplantation into a fetal microenvironment, contribute to the vasculature, and generate hematopoietic cells that provide multilineage repopulation upon serial transplantation. The identification of this human somatic cell population provides novel insights into human ontogenetic hematovascular potential, which could lead to a better understanding of, and new target therapies for, malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloomeh Mokhtari
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Evan Colletti
- Animal Biotechnology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno NV 89557, USA
| | - Weihong Yin
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Chad Sanada
- CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: Graça Almeida-Porada, M.D., Ph.D., Professor of Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, 391 Technology Way, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083 USA., Phone: (336) 713-1630; FAX: (336) 713-7290,
| | - Zanetta Lamar
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Paul J. Simmons
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Steven Walker
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Colin Bishop
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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179
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Stromal cells of hemangioblastomas exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-derived vascular progenitor cell properties. Brain Tumor Pathol 2018; 35:193-201. [PMID: 29936560 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-018-0323-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hemangioblastoma is composed of neoplastic stromal cells and a prominent capillary network. To date, the identity of stromal cells remains unclear. Mesenchymal stem cells can give rise to committed vascular progenitor cells, and ephrin-B2/EphB4 and Notch signaling have crucial roles in these steps. The aim of our study was to elucidate that stromal cells of central nervous system hemangioblastomas have mesenchymal stem cell-derived vascular progenitor cell properties. Ten hemangioblastomas were investigated immunohistochemically. CD44, a mesenchymal stem cell marker, was detected in stromal cells of all cases, suggesting that stromal cells have mesenchymal stem cell-like properties. Neither CD31 nor α-SMA was expressed in stromal cells, suggesting that stromal cells have not acquired differentiated vascular cell properties. Both ephrin-B2 and EphB4, immature vascular cell markers, were detected in stromal cells of all cases. Jagged1, Notch1, and Hesr2/Hey2, which are known to be detected in both immature endothelial cells and mural cells, were expressed in stromal cells of all cases. Notch3, which is known to be detected in differentiating mural cells, was also expressed in all cases. These results suggest that stromal cells also have vascular progenitor cell properties. In conclusion, stromal cells of hemangioblastomas exhibit mesenchymal stem cell-derived vascular progenitor cell properties.
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180
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Takada S, Hojo M, Takebe N, Tanigaki K, Miyamoto S. Role of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Central Nervous System Hemangioblastomas. World Neurosurg 2018; 117:e187-e193. [PMID: 29886300 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are benign vascular tumors of the central nervous system and histologically contain abundant microvessels. Therefore, they clinically exhibit vascular malformation-like characteristics. It has been described that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral cavernous malformations. However, it remains unknown whether EndMT contributes to the pathogenesis of central nervous system HBs. The aim of our study was to investigate whether EndMT occurs in central nervous system HBs. METHODS Ten central nervous system HBs were immunohistochemically investigated. RESULTS Cluster of differentiation (CD) 31 (an endothelial marker) and EndMT markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin (a mesenchymal marker) and CD44 (a mesenchymal stem cell marker), were expressed in the endothelial layer of microvessels in all cases. These findings suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) of microvessels in central nervous system HBs have acquired mesenchymal and stem cell-like characteristics and undergone EndMT. In all cases, both ephrin-B2 and EphB4, which are not detected in adult normal brain vessels, were expressed in the endothelial layer of microvessels. These data suggest that ECs of microvessels in central nervous system HBs are immature or malformed cells and have both arterial and venous characteristics. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the possibility that EndMT contributes to the pathogenesis of central nervous system HBs. It is likely that ECs of microvessels in central nervous system HBs are immature or malformed cells and have both arterial and venous characteristics. EndMT is expected to be a new therapeutic target in central nervous system HBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Takada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masato Hojo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Noriyoshi Takebe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kenji Tanigaki
- Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, Moriyama, Shiga, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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181
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Dissecting BMP signaling input into the gene regulatory networks driving specification of the blood stem cell lineage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 114:5814-5821. [PMID: 28584091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1610615114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that sustain lifelong blood production are created during embryogenesis. They emerge from a specialized endothelial population, termed hemogenic endothelium (HE), located in the ventral wall of the dorsal aorta (DA). In Xenopus, we have been studying the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) required for the formation of HSCs, and critically found that the hemogenic potential is defined at an earlier time point when precursors to the DA express hematopoietic as well as endothelial genes, in the definitive hemangioblasts (DHs). The GRN for DH programming has been constructed and, here, we show that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is essential for the initiation of this GRN. BMP2, -4, and -7 are the principal ligands expressed in the lineage forming the HE. To investigate the requirement and timing of all BMP signaling in HSC ontogeny, we have used a transgenic line, which inducibly expresses an inhibitor of BMP signaling, Noggin, as well as a chemical inhibitor of BMP receptors, DMH1, and described the inputs from BMP signaling into the DH GRN and the HE, as well as into primitive hematopoiesis. BMP signaling is required in at least three points in DH programming: first to initiate the DH GRN through gata2 expression, then for kdr expression to enable the DH to respond to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) ligand from the somites, and finally for gata2 expression in the DA, but is dispensable for HE specification after hemangioblasts have been formed.
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182
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Du MR, Yan L, Li NS, Wang YJ, Zhou T, Jiang JL. Asymmetric dimethylarginine contributes to retinal neovascularization of diabetic retinopathy through EphrinB2 pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:46-56. [PMID: 29777874 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss with retinal neovascularization. This study aims to investigate whether Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) impacts the pathogenesis of DR via focusing on promoting retinal neovascularization and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Diabetic rats were induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) for 20 weeks. ADMA levels in aqueous and the influence of hypoxia on ADMA and angiogenesis in RF/6A cells were examined. The effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of ADMA on neovascularization of RF/6A cells were further evaluated by administration of ADMA, DDAH siRNA or ephrinB2 siRNA. Results showed that ADMA levels were elevated in both aqueous from diabetic rats and culture medium in RF/6A cells pretreated with hypoxia. Administration of ADMA directly promoted proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of RF/6A cells, which was further confirmed by DDAH1 siRNA or DDAH2 siRNA. In addition, ephrinB2 expression was increased under diabetic conditions, and the angiogenic effects of ADMA were blocked by ephrinB2 siRNA. In conclusion, ADMA contributes to the neovascularization of retina in diabetic mellitus, which is regulated by ephrinB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Departments of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Nian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Jun-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China.
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183
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184
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Takada S, Hojo M, Tanigaki K, Miyamoto S. Contribution of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition to the Pathogenesis of Human Cerebral and Orbital Cavernous Malformations. Neurosurgery 2018; 81:176-183. [PMID: 28368503 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyx078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of gene-targeted mouse mutants has demonstrated that endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is crucial to the onset and progression of cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs). It has also been shown that Notch and ephrin/Eph signaling are involved in EndMT. However, their roles in the pathogenesis of human intracranial CMs remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the contribution of EndMT, the Notch pathway, and ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling to the pathogenesis of human intracranial CMs. METHODS Eight human intracranial CMs (5 cerebral and 3 orbital CMs) were immunohistochemically investigated. RESULTS CD31 (an endothelial marker) and EndMT markers, such as α-smooth muscle actin (a mesenchymal marker) and CD44 (a mesenchymal stem cell marker), were expressed in the endothelial layer of vascular sinusoids in all cases, suggesting that endothelial cells (ECs) have acquired mesenchymal and stem-cell-like characteristics and undergone EndMT in all cerebral and orbital CMs. EndMT was observed in about 70% and 35% of ECs in cerebral and orbital CMs, respectively. In all cases, Notch3 was expressed in the endothelial layer, indicating that ECs of vascular sinusoids have acquired mesenchymal features. In all cases, both ephrin-B2 and EphB4 were detected in the endothelial layer, suggesting that ECs of vascular sinusoids are immature or malformed cells and have both arterial and venous characteristics. CONCLUSION EndMT plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of human cerebral and orbital CMs. Modulating EndMT is expected to be a new therapeutic strategy for cerebral and orbital CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Takada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute, Shiga Medical Center, Shiga, Japan
| | - Masato Hojo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga Medical Center for Adults, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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185
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Saw SN, Poh YW, Chia D, Biswas A, Mattar CNZ, Yap CH. Characterization of the hemodynamic wall shear stresses in human umbilical vessels from normal and intrauterine growth restricted pregnancies. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2018; 17:1107-1117. [PMID: 29691766 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significant reductions in blood flow and umbilical diameters were reported in pregnancies affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) from placental insufficiency. However, it is not known if IUGR umbilical blood vessels experience different hemodynamic wall shear stresses (WSS) compared to normal umbilical vessels. As WSS is known to influence vasoactivity and vascular growth and remodeling, which can regulate flow rates, it is important to study this parameter. In this study, we aim to characterize umbilical vascular WSS environment in normal and IUGR pregnancies, and evaluate correlation between WSS and vascular diameter, and gestational age. Twenty-two normal and 21 IUGR pregnancies were assessed via ultrasound between the 27th and 39th gestational week. IUGR was defined as estimated fetal weight and/or abdominal circumference below the 10th centile, with no improvement during the remainder of the pregnancy. Vascular diameter was determined by 3D ultrasound scans and image segmentation. Umbilical artery (UA) WSS was computed via computational flow simulations, while umbilical vein (UV) WSS was computed via the Poiseuille equation. Univariate multiple regression analysis was used to test for the differences between normal and IUGR cohort. UV volumetric flow rate, UA and UV diameters were significantly lower in IUGR fetuses, but flow velocities and WSS trends in UA and UV were very similar between normal and IUGR groups. In both groups, UV WSS showed a significant negative correlation with diameter, but UA WSS had no correlation with diameter, suggesting a constancy of WSS environment and the existence of WSS homeostasis in UA, but not in UV. Despite having reduced flow rate and vascular sizes, IUGR UAs had hemodynamic mechanical stress environments and trends that were similar to those in normal pregnancies. This suggested that endothelial dysfunction or abnormal mechanosensing was unlikely to be the cause of small vessels in IUGR umbilical cords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shier Nee Saw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #02-04, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yu Wei Poh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #02-04, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Dawn Chia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Citra Nurfarah Zaini Mattar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, #02-04, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
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186
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Malik VA, Di Benedetto B. The Blood-Brain Barrier and the EphR/Ephrin System: Perspectives on a Link Between Neurovascular and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:127. [PMID: 29706868 PMCID: PMC5906525 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions among endothelial cells (EC) forming blood vessels and their surrounding cell types are essential to establish the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an integral part of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Research on the NVU has recently seen a renaissance to especially understand the neurobiology of vascular and brain pathologies and their frequently occurring comorbidities. Diverse signaling molecules activated in the near proximity of blood vessels trigger paracellular pathways which regulate the formation and stabilization of tight junctions (TJ) between EC and thereby influence BBB permeability. Among regulatory molecules, the erythropoietin-producing-hepatocellular carcinoma receptors (EphR) and their Eph receptor-interacting signals (ephrins) play a pivotal role in EC differentiation, angiogenesis and BBB integrity. Multiple EphR-ligand interactions between EC and other cell types influence different aspects of angiogenesis and BBB formation. Such interactions additionally control BBB sealing properties and thus the penetration of substances into the brain parenchyma. Thus, they play critical roles in the healthy brain and during the pathogenesis of brain disorders. In this mini-review article, we aim at integrating the constantly growing literature about the functional roles of the EphR/ephrin system for the development of the vascular system and the BBB and in the pathogenesis of neurovascular and neuropsychiatric disorders. We suggest the hypothesis that a disrupted EphR/ephrin signaling at the BBB might represent an underappreciated molecular hub of disease comorbidity. Finally, we propose the possibility that the EphR/ephrin system bears the potential of becoming a novel target for the development of alternative therapeutic treatments, focusing on such comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Malik
- RG Neuro-Glia Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Benedetto
- RG Neuro-Glia Pharmacology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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187
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Abstract
The development processes of arteries and veins are fundamentally different, leading to distinct differences in anatomy, structure, and function as well as molecular profiles. Understanding the complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic pathways, as well as extracellular and biomechanical signals that orchestrate arterial venous differentiation, is not only critical for the understanding of vascular diseases of arteries and veins but also valuable for vascular tissue engineering strategies. Recent research has suggested that certain transcriptional factors not only control arterial venous differentiation during development but also play a critical role in adult vessel function and disease processes. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and critical transcription factors that are important for arterial versus venous specification. We focus on those signals that have a direct relation to the structure and function of arteries and veins, and have implications for vascular disease processes and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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188
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Groppa E, Brkic S, Uccelli A, Wirth G, Korpisalo-Pirinen P, Filippova M, Dasen B, Sacchi V, Muraro MG, Trani M, Reginato S, Gianni-Barrera R, Ylä-Herttuala S, Banfi A. EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling regulates non-sprouting angiogenesis by VEGF. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745054. [PMID: 29643120 PMCID: PMC5934775 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the master regulator of angiogenesis, whose best-understood mechanism is sprouting. However, therapeutic VEGF delivery to ischemic muscle induces angiogenesis by the alternative process of intussusception, or vascular splitting, whose molecular regulation is essentially unknown. Here, we identify ephrinB2/EphB4 signaling as a key regulator of intussusceptive angiogenesis and its outcome under therapeutically relevant conditions. EphB4 signaling fine-tunes the degree of endothelial proliferation induced by specific VEGF doses during the initial stage of circumferential enlargement of vessels, thereby limiting their size and subsequently enabling successful splitting into normal capillary networks. Mechanistically, EphB4 neither inhibits VEGF-R2 activation by VEGF nor its internalization, but it modulates VEGF-R2 downstream signaling through phospho-ERK1/2. In vivo inhibitor experiments show that ERK1/2 activity is required for EphB4 regulation of VEGF-induced intussusceptive angiogenesis. Lastly, after clinically relevant VEGF gene delivery with adenoviral vectors, pharmacological stimulation of EphB4 normalizes dysfunctional vascular growth in both normoxic and ischemic muscle. These results identify EphB4 as a druggable target to modulate the outcome of VEGF gene delivery and support further investigation of its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Groppa
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sime Brkic
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Uccelli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Galina Wirth
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Maria Filippova
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boris Dasen
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Veronica Sacchi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Giuseppe Muraro
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Trani
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Reginato
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Gianni-Barrera
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrea Banfi
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland .,Department of Surgery, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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189
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Zheng LC, Wang XQ, Lu K, Deng XL, Zhang CW, Luo H, Xu XD, Chen XM, Yan L, Wang YQ, Shi SL. Ephrin-B2/Fc promotes proliferation and migration, and suppresses apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41348-41363. [PMID: 28489586 PMCID: PMC5522204 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth and metastasis are angiogenesis dependent. Angiogenic growth involves endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ephrin-B2 is a ligand for Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and is an important mediator in vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis. However, research offer controversial information regarding effects of ephrin-B2 on vascular endothelial cells. In this paper, proteome analyses showed that ephrin-B2/Fc significantly activates multiple signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, survival, and migration and suppresses apoptosis and cell death. Cytological experiments further confirm that ephrin-B2/Fc stimulates endothelial cell proliferation, triggers dose-dependent migration, and suppresses cell apoptosis. Results demonstrate that soluble dose-dependent ephrinB2 can promote proliferation and migration and inhibit apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. These results also suggest that ephrinB2 prevents ischemic disease and can potentially be a new therapeutic target for treating angiogenesis-related diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Zheng
- Medical College of Xiamen University, Jinshan Community Health Service Center, Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China.,Xiamen Heart Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Wang
- Xiamen Heart Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Deng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Luo
- Xiamen Heart Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Xiamen Heart Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Man Chen
- Xiamen Heart Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Yan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Wang
- Xiamen Heart Center, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, P.R. China
| | - Song-Lin Shi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Xiamen University, Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, P.R. China
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190
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Salgia R, Kulkarni P, Gill PS. EphB4: A promising target for upper aerodigestive malignancies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1869:128-137. [PMID: 29369779 PMCID: PMC5955724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptors are the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that include two major subclasses, EphA and EphB. They form an important cell communication system with critical and diverse roles in a variety of biological processes during embryonic development. However, dysregulation of the Eph/ephrin interactions is implicated in cancer contributing to tumour growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Here, we focus on EphB4 and review recent developments in elucidating its role in upper aerodigestive malignancies to include lung cancer, head and neck cancer, and mesothelioma. In particular, we summarize information regarding EphB4 structure/function and role in disease pathobiology. We also review the data supporting EphB4 as a potential pharmacological and immunotherapy target and finally, progress in the development of new therapeutic strategies including small molecule inhibitors of its activity is discussed. The emerging picture suggests that EphB4 is a valuable and attractive therapeutic target for upper aerodigestive malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism
- Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mesothelioma/drug therapy
- Mesothelioma/genetics
- Mesothelioma/metabolism
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Receptor, EphB4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, EphB4/genetics
- Receptor, EphB4/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, United States.
| | - Prakash Kulkarni
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Prakash S Gill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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191
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Jones EA, Lehoux S. Shear stress, arterial identity and atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:467-73. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-10-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SummaryIn the developing embryo, the vasculature first takes the form of a web-like network called the vascular plexus. Arterial and venous differentiation is subsequently guided by the specific expression of genes in the endothelial cells that provide spatial and temporal cues for development. Notch1/4, Notch ligand delta-like 4 (Dll4), and Notch downstream effectors are typically expressed in arterial cells along with EphrinB2, whereas chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) and EphB4 characterise vein endothelial cells. Haemodynamic forces (blood pressure and blood flow) also contribute importantly to vascular remodelling. Early arteriovenous differentiation and local blood flow may hold the key to future inflammatory diseases. Indeed, despite the fact that atherosclerosis risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and diabetes all induce endothelial cell dysfunction throughout the vasculature, plaques develop only in arteries, and they localise essentially in vessel branch points, curvatures and bifurcations, where blood flow (and consequently shear stress) is low or oscillatory. Arterial segments exposed to high blood flow (and high laminar shear stress) tend to remain plaque-free. These observations have led many to investigate what particular properties of arterial or venous endothelial cells confer susceptibility or protection from plaque formation, and how that might interact with a particular shear stress environment.
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192
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Kim D, Lee V, Dorsey TB, Niklason LE, Gui L, Dai G. Neuropilin-1 Mediated Arterial Differentiation of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:441-455. [PMID: 29415620 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (ECs) have great potential to be used in vascular therapy or tissue engineering. It is also much desired to obtain arterial or venous ECs for specific applications. Factors that are critical for the proper arterial or venous differentiation from pluripotent stem cells still need to be understood. Here, we aim at investigating this problem deeper by examining neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), an early arterial marker that may be critical for arterial cell fate commitment. Using murine embryonic stem cells as the model system, this study investigates the neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) expression during the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward a vascular progenitor population. We hypothesize that Nrp1, an early arterial marker present in a developing embryo, may be more responsive when further induced in vitro toward an arterial fate. We developed a two-step differentiation approach that yielded a large percentage of Nrp1+ vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) and investigated their potential to become arterial ECs. We have defined the culture parameters that contribute greatly to the emergence of Nrp1+ VPCs: certain soluble factors, especially Wnt and BMP4, early cell-cell contact, and hypoxia. Subsequent isolation of this population demonstrated a highly proliferative and network-forming behavior. The Nrp1+ VPCs exhibited increased gene expression of several Notch pathway-related arterial markers compared with Nrp1- VPCs. Most importantly, Nrp1+ VPCs demonstrated a dramatically greater response to hemodynamic stimuli by upregulating many arterial markers whereas Nrp1- VPCs have very little response. Surprisingly, these differences between Nrp1+ and Nrp1- VPCs are not evident with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. Our data suggest that Nrp1+ VPCs may serve as the arterial progenitor by enhanced response to hemodynamic flow but not to VEGF, whereas Nrp1- VPCs lack the plasticity to become arterial ECs. The findings of this research indicate that Nrp1+ VPCs in the murine model act as an important step in the arterial differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivian Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor B Dorsey
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Niklason
- 4 Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.,5 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,7 Yale Stem Cell Center , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Liqiong Gui
- 4 Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.,5 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guohao Dai
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
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193
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Let's get physical: Biomechanical influences on human pluripotent stem cell differentiation towards vascular engineering. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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194
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Kou CTJ, Kandpal RP. Differential Expression Patterns of Eph Receptors and Ephrin Ligands in Human Cancers. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7390104. [PMID: 29682554 PMCID: PMC5851329 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7390104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Eph receptors constitute the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which are activated by ephrin ligands that either are anchored to the membrane or contain a transmembrane domain. These molecules play important roles in the development of multicellular organisms, and the physiological functions of these receptor-ligand pairs have been extensively documented in axon guidance, neuronal development, vascular patterning, and inflammation during tissue injury. The recognition that aberrant regulation and expression of these molecules lead to alterations in proliferative, migratory, and invasive potential of a variety of human cancers has made them potential targets for cancer therapeutics. We present here the involvement of Eph receptors and ephrin ligands in lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, glioblastoma, and medulloblastoma. The aberrations in their abundances are described in the context of multiple signaling pathways, and differential expression is suggested as the mechanism underlying tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ting Jimmy Kou
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Raj P. Kandpal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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195
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Neuber C, Belter B, Meister S, Hofheinz F, Bergmann R, Pietzsch HJ, Pietzsch J. Overexpression of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase EphB4 Triggers Tumor Growth and Hypoxia in A375 Melanoma Xenografts: Insights from Multitracer Small Animal Imaging Experiments. Molecules 2018; 23:E444. [PMID: 29462967 PMCID: PMC6017846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence has associated receptor tyrosine kinase EphB4 with tumor angiogenesis also in malignant melanoma. Considering the limited in vivo data available, we have conducted a systematic multitracer and multimodal imaging investigation in EphB4-overexpressing and mock-transfected A375 melanoma xenografts. Tumor growth, perfusion, and hypoxia were investigated by positron emission tomography. Vascularization was investigated by fluorescence imaging in vivo and ex vivo. The approach was completed by magnetic resonance imaging, radioluminography ex vivo, and immunohistochemical staining for blood and lymph vessel markers. Results revealed EphB4 to be a positive regulator of A375 melanoma growth, but a negative regulator of tumor vascularization. Resulting in increased hypoxia, this physiological characteristic is considered as highly unfavorable for melanoma prognosis and therapy outcome. Lymphangiogenesis, by contrast, was not influenced by EphB4 overexpression. In order to distinguish between EphB4 forward and EphrinB2, the natural EphB4 ligand, reverse signaling a specific EphB4 kinase inhibitor was applied. Blocking experiments show EphrinB2 reverse signaling rather than EphB4 forward signaling to be responsible for the observed effects. In conclusion, functional expression of EphB4 is considered a promising differentiating characteristic, preferentially determined by non-invasive in vivo imaging, which may improve personalized theranostics of malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Neuber
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Birgit Belter
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Meister
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Department Positron Emission Tomography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jürgen Pietzsch
- Department Radionuclide Theragnostics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01314 Dresden, Germany.
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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196
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Ito Y, Yoshida M, Maeda D, Takahashi M, Nanjo H, Masuda H, Goto A. Neovasculature can be induced by patching an arterial graft into a vein: A novel in vivo model of spontaneous arteriovenous fistula formation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3156. [PMID: 29453407 PMCID: PMC5816615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21535-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations consist of tangles of arteries and veins that are often connected by a fistula. The causes and mechanisms of these clinical entities are not fully understood. We discovered that suturing an arterial patch into the common jugular vein of rabbits led to spontaneous neovascularization, the formation of an arteriovenous fistula and the development of an arteriovenous shunt. An arterial patch excised from the common carotid artery was sutured into the common jugular vein. Within a month, a dense nidus-like neovasculature formed around the patch. Angiography and pulse-oximeter analyses showed that the blood flowing into the neovasculature was arterial blood. This indicated that an arteriovenous shunt had formed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with a Y chromosome probe in female rabbits that received an arterial patch from male rabbits showed that the vessels close to the graft bore the Y chromosome, whereas the vessels further away did not. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and cDNA microarray analysis showed that multiple angiogenic factors were upregulated after patch transplantation. This is the first in vivo model of spontaneous arteriovenous fistula formation. Further research on these differences may help to improve understanding of human vascular anomaly diseases and the basic principles underlying vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinobu Ito
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Daichi Maeda
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Akita Kousei Medical Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nanjo
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Hirotake Masuda
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ogachi Central Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan.
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197
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Zhao Q, Eichten A, Parveen A, Adler C, Huang Y, Wang W, Ding Y, Adler A, Nevins T, Ni M, Wei Y, Thurston G. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity in Tumors and Changes following Antiangiogenic Treatment. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2370-2382. [PMID: 29449267 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis involves dynamic interactions between specialized endothelial tip and stalk cells that are believed to be regulated in part by VEGF and Dll4-Notch signaling. However, our understanding of this process is hampered by limited knowledge of the heterogeneity of endothelial cells and the role of different signaling pathways in specifying endothelial phenotypes. Here, we characterized by single-cell transcriptomics the heterogeneity of mouse endothelial cells and other stromal cells during active angiogenesis in xenograft tumors as well as from adult normal heart, following pharmacologic inhibition of VEGF and Dll4-Notch signaling. We classified tumor endothelial cells into three subpopulations that appeared to correspond with tip-like, transition, and stalk-like cells. Previously identified markers for tip and stalk cells were confirmed and several novel ones discovered. Blockade of VEGF rapidly inhibited cell-cycle genes and strongly reduced the proportion of endothelial tip cells in tumors. In contrast, blockade of Dll4 promoted endothelial proliferation as well as tip cell markers; blockade of both pathways inhibited endothelial proliferation but preserved some tip cells. We also phenotypically classified other tumor stromal cells and found that tumor-associated fibroblasts responded to antiangiogenic drug treatments by upregulating hypoxia-associated genes and producing secreted factors involved in angiogenesis. Overall, our findings better define the heterogeneity of tumor endothelial and other stromal cells and reveal the roles of VEGF and Dll4-Notch in specifying tumor endothelial phenotype, highlighting the response of stromal cells to antiangiogenic therapies.Significance: These findings provide a framework for defining subpopulations of endothelial cells and tumor-associated fibroblasts and their rapid changes in gene expression following antiangiogenic treatment. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2370-82. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Asma Parveen
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | - Ying Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Wei Wang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Yueming Ding
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | | | | | - Min Ni
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Tarrytown, New York
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198
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Vanlandewijck M, He L, Mäe MA, Andrae J, Ando K, Del Gaudio F, Nahar K, Lebouvier T, Laviña B, Gouveia L, Sun Y, Raschperger E, Räsänen M, Zarb Y, Mochizuki N, Keller A, Lendahl U, Betsholtz C. A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature. Nature 2018; 554:475-480. [PMID: 29443965 DOI: 10.1038/nature25739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1128] [Impact Index Per Article: 188.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries, but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, using vascular single-cell transcriptomics, we provide molecular definitions for the principal types of blood vascular and vessel-associated cells in the adult mouse brain. We uncover the transcriptional basis of the gradual phenotypic change (zonation) along the arteriovenous axis and reveal unexpected cell type differences: a seamless continuum for endothelial cells versus a punctuated continuum for mural cells. We also provide insight into pericyte organotypicity and define a population of perivascular fibroblast-like cells that are present on all vessel types except capillaries. Our work illustrates the power of single-cell transcriptomics to decode the higher organizational principles of a tissue and may provide the initial chapter in a molecular encyclopaedia of the mammalian vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Vanlandewijck
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Maarja Andaloussi Mäe
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Francesca Del Gaudio
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Khayrun Nahar
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.,Inserm U1171, University of Lille, CHU, Memory Center, Distalz, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leonor Gouveia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics, Zhongyuan Union Genetic Technology Co., Ltd., No.45, the 9th East Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300304, China
| | - Elisabeth Raschperger
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Markus Räsänen
- Wihuri Research Institute and Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yvette Zarb
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- Department of Cell Biology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,AMED-CREST, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Annika Keller
- Division of Neurosurgery, Zürich University Hospital, Zürich University, Zürich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Von Eulers väg 3, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Karolinska Institutet/AstraZeneca Integrated Cardio Metabolic Centre (KI/AZ ICMC), Blickagången 6, SE-141 57 Huddinge, Sweden.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
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Queisser A, Boon LM, Vikkula M. Etiology and Genetics of Congenital Vascular Lesions. Otolaryngol Clin North Am 2018; 51:41-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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200
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Yamazaki T, Li W, Yang L, Li P, Cao H, Motegi SI, Udey MC, Bernhard E, Nakamura T, Mukouyama YS. Whole-Mount Adult Ear Skin Imaging Reveals Defective Neuro-Vascular Branching Morphogenesis in Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:430. [PMID: 29323138 PMCID: PMC5764985 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are frequently associated with peripheral neuropathy. Though there are multiple methods for diagnosis and analysis of morphological changes of peripheral nerves and blood vessels, three-dimensional high-resolution imaging is necessary to appreciate the pathogenesis with an anatomically recognizable branching morphogenesis and patterning. Here we established a novel technique for whole-mount imaging of adult mouse ear skin to visualize branching morphogenesis and patterning of peripheral nerves and blood vessels. Whole-mount immunostaining of adult mouse ear skin showed that peripheral sensory and sympathetic nerves align with large-diameter blood vessels. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice exhibit defective vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) coverage, while there is no significant change in the amount of peripheral nerves. The leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, a severe obese and type 2 diabetic mouse model, exhibit defective VSMC coverage and a large increase in the amount of smaller-diameter nerve bundles with myelin sheath and unmyelinated nerve fibers. Interestingly, an increase in the amount of myeloid immune cells was observed in the DIO but not db/db mouse skin. These data suggest that our whole-mount imaging method enables us to investigate the neuro-vascular and neuro-immune phenotypes in the animal models of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center, Portland, OR, 97213, USA
| | - Wenling Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ling Yang
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haiming Cao
- Laboratory of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Molecular Medicine, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mark C Udey
- Dermatology Branch, National Cancer Institute, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elise Bernhard
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Takahisa Nakamura
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA.,Divisions of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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