151
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Chen ND, Zhang J, Liu JH, Yu BY. Microbial conversion of ruscogenin by Gliocladium deliquescens NRRL1086: glycosylation at C-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:491-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2315-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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152
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Schwarz A, Thomsen MS, Nidetzky B. Enzymatic synthesis of beta-glucosylglycerol using a continuous-flow microreactor containing thermostable beta-glycoside hydrolase CelB immobilized on coated microchannel walls. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 103:865-72. [PMID: 19350624 DOI: 10.1002/bit.22317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
beta-Glucosylglycerol (betaGG) has potential applications as a moisturizing agent in cosmetic products. A stereochemically selective method of its synthesis is kinetically controlled enzymatic transglucosylation from a suitable donor substrate to glycerol as acceptor. Here, the thermostable beta-glycosidase CelB from Pyrococcus furiosus was used to develop a microstructured immobilized enzyme reactor for production of betaGG under conditions of continuous flow at 70 degrees C. Using CelB covalently attached onto coated microchannel walls to give an effective enzyme activity of 30 U per total reactor working volume of 25 microL, substrate conversion and formation of transglucosylation product was monitored in dependence of glucosyl donor (2-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucoside (oNPGlc), 3.0 or 15 mM; cellobiose, 250 mM), the concentration of glycerol (0.25-1.0 M), and the average residence time (0.2-90 s). Glycerol caused a concentration-dependent decrease in the conversion of the glucosyl donor via hydrolysis and strongly suppressed participation of the substrate in the reaction as glucosyl acceptor. The yields of betaGG were > or =80% and approximately 60% based on oNPGlc and cellobiose converted, respectively, and maintained up to near exhaustion of substrate (> or =80%), giving about 120 mM (30 g/L) of betaGG from the reaction of cellobiose and 1 M glycerol. The structure of the transglucosylation products, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-rac-glycerol (79%) and 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-sn-glycerol (21%), was derived from NMR analysis of the product mixture of cellobiose conversion. The microstructured reactor showed conversion characteristics similar to those for a batchwise operated stirred reactor employing soluble CelB. The advantage of miniaturization to the microfluidic format lies in the fast characterization of full reaction time courses for a range of process conditions using only a minimum amount of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schwarz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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153
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Ducret A, Bouity-Voubou M, Duthoit F, Norton E, Pepin P, Groleau D, Brousseau R, Lortie R. Synthesis of nucleosidic bonds using a nucleoside hydrolase in aqueous-organic media. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420601050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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154
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Mladenoska I, Grey CE, Winkelhausen E, Kuzmanova S, Adlercreutz P. Competition between transglycosylation and hydrolysis in almond β-glucosidase-catalyzed conversion ofp-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside in monophasic water/alcohol mixtures. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701510494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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155
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Martearena MR, Daz M, Ellenrieder G. Synthesis of rutinosides and rutinose by reverse hydrolysis catalyzed by fungal α-l-rhamnosidases. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701568617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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156
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Weignerová L, Simerská P, Křen V. α-Galactosidases and their applications in biotransformations. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420802583416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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157
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Cardelle-Cobas A, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Sanz M, Montilla A. Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of galactosyl derivatives obtained by the action of two different β-galactosidases. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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158
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Muzard M, Aubry N, Plantier-Royon R, O’Donohue M, Rémond C. Evaluation of the transglycosylation activities of a GH 39 β-d-xylosidase for the synthesis of xylose-based glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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159
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A response surface methodological study on prediction of glucosylation yields of thiamin using immobilized β-glucosidase. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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160
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Makowski K, Białkowska A, Olczak J, Kur J, Turkiewicz M. Antarctic, cold-adapted β-galactosidase of Pseudoalteromonas sp. 22b as an effective tool for alkyl galactopyranosides synthesis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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161
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Deoxynojirimycin enhanced the transglycosylation activity of a glycosidase from the China white jade snail. J Biotechnol 2009; 139:229-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Revised: 10/31/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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162
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Walse SS, Lu F, Teal PEA. Glucosylated suspensosides, water-soluble pheromone conjugates from the oral secretions of male Anastrepha suspensa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1726-1731. [PMID: 18798680 DOI: 10.1021/np800096k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A diastereomeric mixture of the glycosylated pheromones (6R)-(1a) and (6S)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl 2-(2,6-dimethyl-6-vinylcyclohex-1-enyl)acetate (1b), which we named respectively suspensoside A and suspensoside B, was isolated from the oral secretions of male Caribbean fruit flies, Anastrepha suspensa. The absolute stereochemical configurations were established using microsample NMR instrumentation, chiral gas chromatography, and chemical synthesis utilizing pure enantiomers of anastrephin, (3aS,4R,7aS)-(4a) or (3aR,4S,7aR)-4,7a-dimethyl-4-vinylhexahydrobenzofuran-2(3H)one (4b), as the aglycon precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer S Walse
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology 1700 S.W. 23rd Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32604, USA
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163
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BETA-GALACTOSIDASE PREPARATION FOR USEGE IN MONO-PHASE HEXANOL SYSTEM. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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164
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Nedelkoska DN, Mladenoska I, Winkelhauzen E, Kuzmanova S. Beta-galactosidase preparation for usage in mono-phase hexanol system. J Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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165
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Hu Y, Luan H, Zhou K, Ge G, Yang S, Yang L. Purification and characterization of a novel glycosidase from the china white jade snail (Achatina fulica) showing transglycosylation activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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166
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Enhancement of the alcoholytic activity of alpha-amylase AmyA from Thermotoga maritima MSB8 (DSM 3109) by site-directed mutagenesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:5168-77. [PMID: 18552192 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00121-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AmyA, an alpha-amylase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima, is able to hydrolyze internal alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds in various alpha-glucans at 85 degrees C as the optimal temperature. Like other glycoside hydrolases, AmyA also catalyzes transglycosylation reactions, particularly when oligosaccharides are used as substrates. It was found that when methanol or butanol was used as the nucleophile instead of water, AmyA was able to catalyze alcoholysis reactions. This capability has been evaluated in the past for some alpha-amylases, with the finding that only the saccharifying fungal amylases from Aspergillus niger and from Aspergillus oryzae present measurable alcoholysis activity (R. I. Santamaria, G. Del Rio, G. Saab, M. E. Rodriguez, X. Soberon, and A. Lopez, FEBS Lett. 452:346-350, 1999). In the present work, we found that AmyA generates larger quantities of alkyl glycosides than any amylase reported so far. In order to increase the alcoholytic activity observed in AmyA, several residues were identified and mutated based on previous analogous positions in amylases, defining the polarity and geometry of the active site. Replacement of residue His222 by glutamine generated an increase in the alkyl glucoside yield as a consequence of a higher alcoholysis/hydrolysis ratio. The same change in specificity was observed for the mutants H222E and H222D, but instability of these mutants toward alcohols decreased the yield of alkyl glucoside.
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167
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Methylation in methanol–water mixtures: The effect of solvent composition and high pressure. Biophys Chem 2008; 134:207-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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168
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169
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Ito J, Ebe T, Shibasaki S, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Production of alkyl glucoside from cellooligosaccharides using yeast strains displaying Aspergillus aculeatus β-glucosidase 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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170
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Faijes M, Planas A. In vitro synthesis of artificial polysaccharides by glycosidases and glycosynthases. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1581-94. [PMID: 17606254 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Artificial polysaccharides produced by in vitro enzymatic synthesis are new biomaterials with defined structures that either mimic natural polysaccharides or have unnatural structures and functionalities. This review summarizes recent developments in the in vitro polysaccharide synthesis by endo-glycosidases, grouped in two major strategies: (a) native retaining endo-glycosidases under kinetically controlled conditions (transglycosylation with activated glycosyl donors), and (b) glycosynthases, engineered glycosidases devoid of hydrolase activity but with high transglycosylation activity. Polysaccharides are obtained by enzymatic polymerization of simple glycosyl donors by repetitive condensation. This approach not only provides a powerful methodology to produce polysaccharides with defined structures and morphologies as novel biomaterials, but is also a valuable tool to analyze the mechanisms of polymerization and packing to acquire high-order molecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Faijes
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
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171
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred van Rantwijk
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
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172
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Corma A, Iborra S, Velty A. Chemical Routes for the Transformation of Biomass into Chemicals. Chem Rev 2007; 107:2411-502. [PMID: 17535020 DOI: 10.1021/cr050989d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3121] [Impact Index Per Article: 183.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, UPV-CSIC, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Avenida de los Naranjos, s/n, Valencia, Spain
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173
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Dudíková J, Mastihubová M, Mastihuba V, Kolarova N. Exploration of transfructosylation activity in cell walls from Cryptococcus laurentii for production of functionalised β-d-fructofuranosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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174
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Lu WY, Lin GQ, Yu HL, Tong AM, Xu JH. Facile synthesis of alkyl β-d-glucopyranosides from d-glucose and the corresponding alcohols using fruit seed meals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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175
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Kwon SJ, Jung HC, Pan JG. Transgalactosylation in a water-solvent biphasic reaction system with beta-galactosidase displayed on the surfaces of Bacillus subtilis spores. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:2251-6. [PMID: 17189440 PMCID: PMC1855683 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01489-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing industrial demand for biocatalysis necessitates innovations in the preparation and stabilization of biocatalysts. In this study, we demonstrated that beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) displayed on Bacillus spores by fusion to the spore coat proteins (CotG) may be used as a whole-cell immobilized biocatalyst for transgalactosylation in water-solvent biphasic reaction systems. The resulting spores had a specific hydrolytic activity of 5 x 10(3) U/g (dry weight) of spores. The beta-Gal was tightly attached to the spore surface and was more stable in the presence of various organic solvents than its native form was. The thermostability of the spore-displayed enzyme was also increased, and the enzyme was further stabilized by chemically cross-linking it with glutaraldehyde. With spore-displayed beta-Gal, octyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside was synthesized at concentrations up to 27.7 mM (8.1 g/liter) with a conversion yield of 27.7% (wt/wt) after 24 h from 100 mM lactose and 100 mM octanol dissolved in phosphate buffer and ethyl ether, respectively. Interestingly, the spores were found to partition mainly at the interface between the water and solvent phases, and they were more available to catalysis between the two phases, as determined by light microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy. We propose that spore display not only offers a new and facile way to construct robust biocatalysts but also provides a novel basis for phase transfer biocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joon Kwon
- Systems Microbiology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oundong, Yusong, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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176
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Giordano A, Andreotti G, Tramice A, Trincone A. Marine glycosyl hydrolases in the hydrolysis and synthesis of oligosaccharides. Biotechnol J 2006; 1:511-30. [PMID: 16892287 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200500036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The marine ecosystem can be considered a rather unexplored source of biological material (e.g. natural substances with therapeutic activity) and can also be a surprising source of enzymes carrying new and interesting catalytic activities to be applied in biocatalysis. The use of glycosyl hydrolases from marine environments dates back to the end of the 1960s and was mainly focused on the development of sensitive and reliable hydrolytic methods for the analysis of sugar chains. As a result not all the benefits of a particular enzymatic activity have been investigated, especially regarding the transglycosylation potential of these enzymes for the synthesis of glycosidic bonds. In this review, the potential of marine sources will be demonstrated reporting on the few examples found in literature for the synthesis and hydrolysis of biologically relevant oligosaccharides catalyzed by glycosyl hydrolases of marine origin. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis of glycosidic bonds, which is easy by the use of glycosyl hydrolases. Further aspects considered in this review are applications of these biocatalysts for vegetal waste treatment in recovering useful materials, for structural identification and for preparation of target materials from new purified polysaccharides, for the synthesis or modification of food-related compounds and for glycobiology related studies.
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177
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Brecker L, Straganz GD, Tyl CE, Steiner W, Nidetzky B. Saturation–transfer–difference NMR to characterize substrate binding recognition and catalysis of two broadly specific glycoside hydrolases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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178
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Simerská P, Monti D, Cechová I, Pelantová H, Macková M, Bezouska K, Riva S, Kren V. Induction and characterization of an unusual alpha-D-galactosidase from Talaromyces flavus. J Biotechnol 2006; 128:61-71. [PMID: 17049401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2006] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular alpha-d-galactosidase from Talaromyces flavus CCF 2686 with extremely broad and unusual acceptor specificity is produced exclusively in the presence of the specific inducer--6-deoxy-D-glucose (quinovose). The procedure for the preparation of this very expensive substance has been modified and optimized. Surprisingly, any of other common alpha-D-galactosidase inducers or substrates, e.g., D-galactose, melibiose and raffinose, did not stimulate its production. The crude alpha-D-galactosidase preparation was purified by anion-exchange chromatography and three isoenzymes with different substrate specificities were identified. The main isoenzyme (alphaGal1) was further purified by cation-exchange chromatography and fully characterized. When compared with other alpha-galactosidases and also with other isoenzymes produced by T. flavus, it showed a markedly different regioselectivity and also negligible hydrolytic activity towards melibiose. Moreover, it was active on polymeric substrates (locust bean gum, guar gum) and significantly inhibited by alpha-D-galactopyranosyl azide, D-galactose, D-xylose, melibiose, methyl alpha- and beta-D-galactopyranoside and lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Simerská
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic, Vídenská 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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179
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Ladero M, Ruiz G, Pessela B, Vian A, Santos A, Garcia-Ochoa F. Thermal and pH inactivation of an immobilized thermostable β-galactosidase from Thermus sp. strain T2: Comparison to the free enzyme. Biochem Eng J 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2006.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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180
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Bechtold M, Makart S, Heinemann M, Panke S. Integrated operation of continuous chromatography and biotransformations for the generic high yield production of fine chemicals. J Biotechnol 2006; 124:146-62. [PMID: 16516996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 01/04/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress in biocatalysis in the identification and development of enzymes over the last decade has enormously enlarged the chemical reaction space that can be addressed not only in research applications, but also on industrial scale. This enables us to consider even those groups of reactions that are very promising from a synthetic point of view, but suffer from drawbacks on process level, such as an unfavourable position of the reaction equilibrium. Prominent examples stem from the aldolase-catalyzed enantioselective carbon-carbon bond forming reactions, reactions catalyzed by isomerising enzymes, and reactions that are kinetically controlled. On the other hand, continuous chromatography concepts such as the simulating moving bed technology have matured and are increasingly realized on industrial scale for the efficient separation of difficult compound mixtures - including enantiomers - with unprecedented efficiency. We propose that coupling of enzyme reactor and continuous chromatography is a very suitable and potentially generic process concept to address the thermodynamic limitations of a host of promising biotransformations. This way, it should be possible to establish novel in situ product recovery processes of unprecedented efficiency and selectivity that represent a feasible way to recruit novel biocatalysts to the industrial portfolio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Bechtold
- Bioprocess Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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181
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Simerská P, Kuzma M, Monti D, Riva S, Macková M, Křen V. Unique transglycosylation potential of extracellular α-d-galactosidase from Talaromyces flavus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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182
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Comparison between various commercial sources of almond β-glucosidase for the production of alkyl glucosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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183
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Lang M, Kamrat T, Nidetzky B. Influence of ionic liquid cosolvent on transgalactosylation reactions catalyzed by thermostable β-glycosylhydrolase CelB fromPyrococcus Furiosus. Biotechnol Bioeng 2006; 95:1093-100. [PMID: 16850501 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of glycosides by enzymatic transglycosylation is a kinetically controlled reaction performed in the context of a non-favorable thermodynamic equilibrium. An unreactive organic cosolvent which increases the selectivity of the enzyme for glycosyl transfer to the acceptor nucleophile compared with water (Ksel) could improve maximum product yield. Here we report on the effect of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazoliummethylsulfate on hydrolase and transferase activities of the hyperthermostable beta-glycosidase CelB from the archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. CelB retained full catalytic efficiency for lactose hydrolysis at 80 degrees C in a 50% (by vol.) solution of ionic liquid in sodium citrate buffer, pH 5.5. It was inactive but not irreversibly denatured at 70% ionic liquid. Using lactose (0.15 M) as galactosyl donor, values of Ksel for a representative series of eight acceptor alcohols were determined in kinetic assays at 80 degrees C and found to increase between 1.3-fold (D-xylose) and 3.1-fold (glycerol) in 45% ionic liquid. Enhancement of Ksel was dependent on ionic liquid concentration and higher than expected from the decrease in water activity caused by the cosolvent. Experimental molar ratios of D-glucose and D-galactose produced during enzymatic conversion of lactose (75-150 mM) in the presence of D-xylose (0.5 M) or glycerol (0.5 M) showed excellent agreement with predictions based on Ksel values and confirm a significant, yet moderate effect of 45% ionic liquid on increasing the yield of D-galactoside product, by < or = 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, A-8010 Graz, Austria
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184
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Ladero M, Santos A, García-Ochoa F. Kinetic modelling of the thermal inactivation of an industrial β-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis. Enzyme Microb Technol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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185
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Larsson J, Svensson D, Adlercreutz P. α-Amylase-catalysed synthesis of alkyl glycosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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186
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Kinetic modelling of the thermal and pH inactivation of a thermostable β-galactosidase from Thermus sp. strain T2. Enzyme Microb Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2004.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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187
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Hommalai G, Chaiyen P, Svasti J. Studies on the transglucosylation reactions of cassava and Thai rosewood β-glucosidases using 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glycosyl-enzyme intermediates. Arch Biochem Biophys 2005; 442:11-20. [PMID: 16139237 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2005.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Revised: 07/25/2005] [Accepted: 07/27/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Beta-glucosidases from cassava and Thai rosewood can synthesize a variety of alkyl glucosides using various alcohols as glucosyl acceptors for transglucosylation. Both enzymes were inactivated by 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-sugar analogues to form the covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediates, indicating that the reaction mechanism was of the double-replacement type. The trapped enzyme intermediates were used for investigating transglucosylation specificity, by measuring the rate of reactivation by various alcohols. The glucosyl-enzyme intermediate from the cassava enzyme showed a 20- to 120-fold higher rate of glucose transfer to alcohols than the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate from the Thai rosewood enzyme. Kinetic analysis indicated that the aglycone binding site of the cassava enzyme was hydrophobic, since the enzyme bound better to more hydrophobic alcohols and showed poor transfer of glucose to hydrophilic sugars. With butanol, transglucosylation was faster with the primary alcohols than with the secondary or tertiary alcohol. Studies with ethanol and chloro-substituted ethanols indicated that the rate of transglucosylation was significantly faster with alcohols with lower pKa values, where the reactive alkoxide was more readily generated, indicating that the formation of the alkoxide species was a major step governing the formation of the transition state in the cassava enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greanggrai Hommalai
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Protein Structure and Function, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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188
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Prodanović R, Milosavić N, Sladić D, Zlatović M, Božić B, Veličković TĆ, Vujčić Z. Transglucosylation of hydroquinone catalysed by α-glucosidase from baker's yeast. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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189
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Jiang Z, Zhu Y, Li L, Yu X, Kusakabe I, Kitaoka M, Hayashi K. Transglycosylation reaction of xylanase B from the hyperthermophilic Thermotoga maritima with the ability of synthesis of tertiary alkyl beta-D-xylobiosides and xylosides. J Biotechnol 2005; 114:125-34. [PMID: 15464606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2003] [Revised: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant xylanase B (XynB) of Thermotoga maritima MSB8 was characterized and was found to cleave p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside via the transglycosylation reaction in the previous study. XynB was activated in the presence of alcohols, and XynB activity was increased by iso-propanol (2M) to 2.1-fold. This type of activation was investigated and was shown to be due to the transglycosylation activity with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylobioside being converted to alkyl beta-D-xylobiosides in the presence of XynB and alcohols. Through the transglycosylation reaction, alkyl beta-xylosides and xylobiosides were simultaneously produced in the presence of xylan and alcohols. Primary alcohols were found to be the best acceptors. The highest yields of alkyl beta-xylosides and xylobiosides were 33% and 50% of the total sugar, respectively. XynB showed a great ability to transfer xylose and xylobiose to secondary alcohol acceptors, and was unique for being able to synthesize the tertiary alkyl beta-xylosides and xylobiosides with high yields of 18.2% and 11.6% of the total sugar, respectively. This is the first report of a xylanase with the ability to synthesize tertiary alkyl beta-xylosides and xylobiosides. The specificity of the beta-linkage was confirmed by the proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR). Thus, XynB of T. maritima appears to be an ideal enzyme for the synthesis of useful alkyl beta-xylosides and xylobiosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiang Jiang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, P.O. Box 294, No. 17 Qinghua Donglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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190
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Tong AM, Xu JH, Lu WY, Lin GQ. Construction and optimization of a monophasic organic–water system for enzymatic synthesis of p-nitrobenzyl β-d-glucopyranosides by reverse hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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191
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Das-Bradoo S, Svensson I, Santos J, Plieva F, Mattiasson B, Hatti-Kaul R. Synthesis of alkylgalactosides using whole cells of Bacillus pseudofirmus species as catalysts. J Biotechnol 2004; 110:273-85. [PMID: 15163518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Revised: 03/05/2004] [Accepted: 03/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Whole cells of alkaliphilic Bacillus pseudofirmus AR-199, induced for beta-galactosidase activity, were used for the synthesis of 1-hexyl-beta-d-galactoside and 1-octyl-beta-d-galactoside, respectively, by transglycosylation reaction between lactose and the corresponding alcohol acceptor. The product yield was strongly influenced by the initial water content in the reaction mixture. Water content of 10% (v/v) was optimal providing 3.6-36 mM hexyl galactoside from 10 to 150 mM lactose, and no secondary product hydrolysis. Product yield could be enhanced by supplementing the reaction mixture with more cells or partly replacing the product with fresh substrate, but was decreased with time to the initial equilibrium level. Cell permeabilisation or disruption resulted in increased reaction rate and higher product yield but was followed by product hydrolysis. Octyl galactoside synthesis using whole cells was optimal at water content of 2% (v/v) with a yield of 26%. The cells were immobilised in cryogels of polyvinyl alcohol for use in continuous process, where hexyl galactoside was produced with a constant yield of 50% from 50mM lactose for at least a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Das-Bradoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, S-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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192
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Tyl C, Felsinger S, Brecker L. In situ proton NMR of glycosidase catalyzed hydrolysis and reverse hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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193
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Min Tong A, Ya Lu W, He Xu J, Qiang Lin G. Use of apple seed meal as a new source of β-glucosidase for enzymatic glucosylation of 4-substituted benzyl alcohols and tyrosol in monophasic aqueous-dioxane medium. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2095-7. [PMID: 15080986 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Revised: 02/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A facile method for enzymatic glycosylation of 4-substituted benzyl alcohols and tyrosol with glucose in a monophasic aqueous-dioxane medium was reported, using a crude meal of apple seed as a new catalyst. The corresponding beta-d-glucosides were synthesized in moderate yields (13.1-23.1%), among which the salidroside was obtained in 15.8% yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Min Tong
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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194
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Trani M, Ducret A, Lortie R. Influence of water-miscible solvents on hydrolytic activity of crude almond β-glucosidase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2004.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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195
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Martearena MR, Blanco S, Ellenrieder G. Synthesis of alkyl-alpha-L-rhamnosides by water soluble alcohols enzymatic glycosylation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2003; 90:297-303. [PMID: 14575952 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of alkyl-alpha-rhamnosides by alpha-rhamnosidase was studied using rhamnose and rhamnosides, particularly the flavonoid naringin, as glycosylation agents, and water soluble alcohols as acceptors. The reaction products were analyzed by HPLC chromatography and identified by 13C y 1H NMR. The glycosylation of alcohols by reverse hydrolysis was maximum for 40% methanol, 30% ethanol, 10% propanol and 20% isopropanol. Under optimum conditions the yield of rhamnose to alkyl-alpha-rhamnoside transformation decreased from 68% for methyl-alpha-rhamnoside to 10% for isopropyl-alpha-rhamnoside. The time course of rhamnosylations produced using naringin as the donor was comparable with that of the reverse hydrolysis obtained at the same molar concentration of the donor. The flavonoids and their derivatives remaining in the solution after the glycosylation were removed by ion exchange QEAE chromatography at pH 10. These results indicate that both, reverse hydrolysis and glycosylation by naringin are acceptable procedures for the enzymatic synthesis of short chain length alkyl-alpha-L-rhamnosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Martearena
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Qui;mica (INIQUI), Universidad Nacional de Salta, Buenos Aires 177, 4400, Salta, Argentina
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196
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Simerská P, Kuzma M, Pisvejcová A, Weignerová L, Macková M, Riva S, Kren V. Application of selectively acylated glycosides for the alpha-galactosidase-catalyzed synthesis of disaccharides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2003; 48:329-37. [PMID: 12879742 DOI: 10.1007/bf02931362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
4-Nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->3)-6-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside was prepared in a transglycosylation reaction catalyzed by alpha-D-galactosidase from Talaromyces flavus using 4-nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside as a glycosyl donor and 4-nitrophenyl 6-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside as an acceptor. 4-Nitrophenyl 6-O-acetyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside and 4-nitrophenyl 6-O-acetyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside were prepared in a regioselective enzymic transesterification in pyridine-acetone catalyzed by the lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacia. A series of water-miscible organic solvents (acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,4-dioxane, 2-methoxyethanol, pyridine, 2-methylpropan-2-ol, tetrahydrofuran, propargyl alcohol) were used as co-solvents in this enzymic reaction. Their influence on the activity and stability of the alpha-galactosidase from T. flavus was established. 2-Methylpropan-2-ol and acetone (increasing the solubility of the modified substrate acceptors and displaying the minimum impairment of the activity and stability of the enzyme) were used as co-solvents in transglycosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Simerská
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 142 20 Prague, Czechia
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197
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Svasti J, Phongsak T, Sarnthima R. Transglucosylation of tertiary alcohols using cassava beta-glucosidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 305:470-5. [PMID: 12763016 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have compared the ability of beta-glucosidases from cassava, Thai rosewood, and almond to synthesize alkyl glucosides by transglucosylating alkyl alcohols of chain length C(1)-C(8). Cassava linamarase shows greater ability to transfer glucose from p-nitrophenyl-beta-glucoside to secondary alcohol acceptors than other beta-glucosidases, and is unique in being able to synthesize C(4), C(5), and C(6) tertiary alkyl beta-glucosides with high yields of 94%, 82%, and 56%, respectively. Yields of alkyl glucosides could be optimized by selecting appropriate enzyme concentrations and incubation times. Cassava linamarase required pNP-glycosides as donors and could not use mono- or di-saccharides as sugar donors in alkyl glucoside synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisnuson Svasti
- Center for Excellence in Protein Structure and Function, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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198
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Ma L, Persson M, Adlercreutz P. Water activity dependence of lipase catalysis in organic media explains successful transesterification reactions. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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199
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Rémond C, Ferchichi M, Aubry N, Plantier-Royon R, Portella C, O'Donohue MJ. Enzymatic synthesis of alkyl arabinofuranosides using a thermostable α-l-arabinofuranosidase. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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200
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van der Heijden AM, Lee TC, van Rantwijk F, van Bekkum H. Glycosidation of fructose-containing disaccharides using MCM-41 material as the catalyst. Carbohydr Res 2002; 337:1993-8. [PMID: 12433464 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(02)00171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidation of saccharides combines the essential characteristics of two major renewable classes, viz. triglycerides and carbohydrates, leading to biofriendly surfactants and emulsifiers. The development of the alkylglycosides derived from reducing disaccharides has lagged, because no efficient synthesis was available. We have found that ordered mesoporous materials of the MCM-41 type are active and selective catalysts for the glycosidation of disaccharides containing fructose at the reducing end, i.e., isomaltulose, lactulose and leucrose. No alcoholysis or hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond was observed, demonstrating the mildness of the MCM-41 catalyst. Leucrose was found to be less reactive than the two other disaccharides, in accordance with the absence of furanose forms in leucrose.
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