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Cerbantez-Bueno VE, Zúñiga-Mayo VM, Reyes-Olalde JI, Lozano-Sotomayor P, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Marsch-Martinez N, de Folter S. Redundant and Non-redundant Functions of the AHK Cytokinin Receptors During Gynoecium Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:568277. [PMID: 33117412 PMCID: PMC7575793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.568277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin is crucial for plant growth and development. The site of action of cytokinin in the plant is dependent on the expression of the cytokinin receptors. In Arabidopsis, there are three cytokinin receptors that present some overlap in expression pattern. Functional studies demonstrated that the receptors play highly redundant roles but also have specialized functions. Here, we focus on gynoecium development, which is the female reproductive part of the plant. Cytokinin signaling has been demonstrated to be important for reproductive development, positively affecting seed yield and fruit production. Most of these developmental processes are regulated by cytokinin during early gynoecium development. While some information is available, there is a gap in knowledge on cytokinin function and especially on the cytokinin receptors during early gynoecium development. Therefore, we studied the expression patterns and the role of the cytokinin receptors during gynoecium development. We found that the three receptors are expressed in the gynoecium and that they have redundant and specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E. Cerbantez-Bueno
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Victor M. Zúñiga-Mayo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Mexico
| | - J. Irepan Reyes-Olalde
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Paulina Lozano-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Irapuato, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Stefan de Folter,
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152
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Shin J, Bae S, Seo PJ. De novo shoot organogenesis during plant regeneration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:63-72. [PMID: 31504722 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit remarkable regeneration capacity, ensuring developmental plasticity. In vitro tissue culture techniques are based on plant regeneration ability and facilitate production of new organs and even the whole plant from explants. Plant somatic cells can be reprogrammed to form a pluripotent cell mass called the callus. A portion of pluripotent callus cells gives rise to a fertile shoot via de novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO). Here, we reconstitute the shoot regeneration process with four phases, namely pluripotency acquisition, shoot promeristem formation, establishment of the confined shoot progenitor, and shoot outgrowth. Additionally, other biological processes, including cell cycle progression and reactive oxygen species metabolism, which further contribute to successful completion of DNSO, are also summarized. Overall, this study highlights recent advances in the molecular and cellular events involved in DNSO, as well as the regulatory mechanisms behind key steps of DNSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhyung Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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153
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New Insights into Multistep-Phosphorelay (MSP)/ Two-Component System (TCS) Regulation: Are Plants and Bacteria that Different? PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120590. [PMID: 31835810 PMCID: PMC6963811 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis multistep-phosphorelay (MSP) is a signaling mechanism based on a phosphorelay that involves three different types of proteins: Histidine kinases, phosphotransfer proteins, and response regulators. Its bacterial equivalent, the two-component system (TCS), is the most predominant device for signal transduction in prokaryotes. The TCS has been extensively studied and is thus generally well-understood. In contrast, the MSP in plants was first described in 1993. Although great advances have been made, MSP is far from being completely comprehended. Focusing on the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana, this review summarized recent studies that have revealed many similarities with bacterial TCSs regarding how TCS/MSP signaling is regulated by protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, protein degradation, and dimerization. Thus, comparison with better-understood bacterial systems might be relevant for an improved study of the Arabidopsis MSP.
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154
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Li Z, Huang T, Tang M, Cheng B, Peng Y, Zhang X. iTRAQ-based proteomics reveals key role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in regulating drought tolerance in perennial creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:216-226. [PMID: 31707249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non-proteinaceous amino acid, modulates plant growth and stress tolerance. However, the potential role of GABA in regulating key metabolic pathways and stress-defensive proteins against drought in plants has never been explored. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) plants were pretreated with or without GABA and then subjected to water stress for 8 days in controlled growth chambers (23/19 °C, day/night). Physiological analysis showed that elevated endogenous GABA level via exogenous GABA application significantly mitigated water stress damage to creeping bentgrass, as manifested by increased leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, osmotic adjustment (OA), photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), net photosynthetic rate, and reduced oxidative damage. iTRAQ-based proteomics found that enhanced chaperones accumulation, carbohydrates, amino acids, and energy metabolism played important roles in protein protection, OA, energy maintenance, and metabolic balance, which is important adaptive response to drought stress in creeping bentgrass. The GABA further promoted energy production and conversion, antioxidant defense, and DHN3 accumulation that were essential for energy requirement, ROS-scavenging, and the prevention of cell dehydration in leaf during drought stress. In addition, GABA-treated plants maintained significantly higher abundance of dicarboxylate transporter 2.1, ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease, receptor-like protein kinase HERK1, o-acyltransferase WSD1, omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, and two-component response regulator ORR21 than untreated plants under drought stress. The result provides new evidences that GABA-induced drought tolerance is possibly involved in the improvement of nitrogen recycling, protection of photosystem II, mitigation of drought-depressed cell elongation, wax biosynthesis, fatty acid desaturase, and delaying leaf senescence in creeping bentgrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingyan Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Binzhen Cheng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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155
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Jaworek P, Tarkowski P, Hluska T, Kouřil Š, Vrobel O, Nisler J, Kopečný D. Characterization of five CHASE-containing histidine kinase receptors from Populus × canadensis cv. Robusta sensing isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins. PLANTA 2019; 251:1. [PMID: 31776777 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Five poplar CHASE-containing histidine kinase receptors bind cytokinins and display kinase activities. Both endogenous isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins bind to the receptors in live cell assays. Cytokinins are phytohormones that play key roles in various developmental processes in plants. The poplar species Populus × canadensis, cv. Robusta, is the first organism found to contain aromatic cytokinins. Here, we report the functional characterization of five CHASE-containing histidine kinases from P. × canadensis: PcHK2, PcHK3a, PcHK3b, PcHK4a and PcHK4b. A qPCR analysis revealed high transcript levels of all PcHKs other than PcHK4b across multiple poplar organs. The ligand specificity was determined using a live cell Escherichia coli assay and we provide evidence based on UHPLC-MS/MS data that ribosides can be true ligands. PcHK2 exhibited higher sensitivity to iP-type cytokinins than the other receptors, while PcHK3a and PcHK3b bound these cytokinins much more weakly, because they possess two isoleucine residues that clash with the cytokinin base and destabilize its binding. All receptors display kinase activity but their activation ratios in the presence/absence of cytokinin differ significantly. PcHK4a displays over 400-fold higher kinase activity in the presence of cytokinin, suggesting involvement in strong responses to changes in cytokinin levels. trans-Zeatin was both the most abundant cytokinin in poplar and that with the highest variation in abundance, which is consistent with its strong binding to all five HKs and activation of cytokinin signaling via A-type response regulators. The aromatic cytokinins' biological significance remains unclear, their levels vary diurnally, seasonally, and annually. PcHK3 and PcHK4 display the strongest binding at pH 7.5 and 5.5, respectively, in line with their putative membrane localization in the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Jaworek
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hluska
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Kouřil
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Vrobel
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Crop Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 29, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, AS CR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Kopečný
- Department of Protein Biochemistry and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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156
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Zdarska M, Cuyacot AR, Tarr PT, Yamoune A, Szmitkowska A, Hrdinová V, Gelová Z, Meyerowitz EM, Hejátko J. ETR1 Integrates Response to Ethylene and Cytokinins into a Single Multistep Phosphorelay Pathway to Control Root Growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2019; 12:1338-1352. [PMID: 31176773 PMCID: PMC8040967 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins and ethylene control plant development via sensors from the histidine kinase (HK) family. However, downstream signaling pathways for the key phytohormones are distinct. Here we report that not only cytokinin but also ethylene is able to control root apical meristem (RAM) size through activation of the multistep phosphorelay (MSP) pathway. We found that both cytokinin and ethylene-dependent RAM shortening requires ethylene binding to ETR1 and the HK activity of ETR1. The receiver domain of ETR1 interacts with MSP signaling intermediates acting downstream of cytokinin receptors, further substantiating the role of ETR1 in MSP signaling. We revealed that both cytokinin and ethylene induce the MSP in similar and distinct cell types with ETR1-mediated ethylene signaling controlling MSP output specifically in the root transition zone. We identified members of the MSP pathway specific and common to both hormones and showed that ETR1-regulated ARR3 controls RAM size. ETR1-mediated MSP spatially differs from canonical CTR1/EIN2/EIN3 ethylene signaling and is independent of EIN2, indicating that both pathways can be spatially and functionally separated. Furthermore, we demonstrated that canonical ethylene signaling controls MSP responsiveness to cytokinin specifically in the root transition zone, presumably via regulation of ARR10, one of the positive regulators of MSP signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Zdarska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| | - Abigail Rubiato Cuyacot
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Paul T Tarr
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Amel Yamoune
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Szmitkowska
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Hrdinová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Elliot M Meyerowitz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CETEC-MU, Kamenice 5/A2, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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157
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Chen P, Jiao X, Zhang Y, Wu L, Tang DJ, Li P, Chen X, Chao D, Tang JL, Ming Z. The crystal structure of the phytopathogenic bacterial sensor PcrK reveals different cytokinin recognition mechanism from the plant sensor AHK4. J Struct Biol 2019; 208:69-76. [PMID: 31419523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant cytokinins (CKs) are essential for many central cellular processes and play important roles in the interaction between bacteria and plants. Perception of CK is executed by the CHASE domain in the histidine kinase sensors of a class of two-component regulatory systems. Despite advances in understanding the structural basis for CK perception by the sensor AHK4 in Arabidopsis, the molecular mechanism of CK binding by other sensors is unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the CHASE domain in the histidine kinase PcrK of the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris, which senses plant CK, determined at 2.55 Å resolution. The structure reveals that the PcrK has an AHK4-like overall topology and assembles into a homodimer. Strikingly, detailed structural analysis unveils two unique features of the PcrK ligand binding pocket: the size of the pocket is restricted for CK binding, and the PcrK applies a positively charged arginine but not a negatively charged aspartate to recognize the ligand. We propose a model to explain how the PcrK accommodates CK-sized compounds through conformational changes, providing a potential mechanistic framework for understanding ligand recognition by the PcrK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xi Jiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Dong-Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Peifang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Dong Chao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ji-Liang Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Zhenhua Ming
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue Road, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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158
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Ye X, Li J, Cheng Y, Yao F, Long L, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Wang J, Jiang Q, Kang H, Li W, Qi P, Lan X, Ma J, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Chen X, Liu C, Zheng Y, Chen G. Genome-wide association study reveals new loci for yield-related traits in Sichuan wheat germplasm under stripe rust stress. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:640. [PMID: 31395029 PMCID: PMC6688255 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As one of the most important food crops in the world, increasing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is an urgent task for global food security under the continuous threat of stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in many regions of the world. Molecular marker-assisted breeding is one of the most efficient ways to increase yield. Here, we identified loci associated to multi-environmental yield-related traits under stripe rust stress in 244 wheat accessions from Sichuan Province through genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 44,059 polymorphic markers from the 55 K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. RESULTS A total of 13 stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to be highly associating to yield-related traits, including 6 for spike length (SL), 3 for thousand-kernel weight (TKW), 2 for kernel weight per spike (KWPS), and 2 for both TKW and KWPS, in at least two test environments under stripe rust stress conditions. Of them, ten QTLs were overlapped or very close to the reported QTLs, three QTLs, QSL.sicau-1AL, QTKW.sicau-4AL, and QKWPS.sicau-4AL.1, were potentially novel through the physical location comparison with previous QTLs. Further, 21 candidate genes within three potentially novel QTLs were identified, they were mainly involved in the regulation of phytohormone, cell division and proliferation, meristem development, plant or organ development, and carbohydrate transport. CONCLUSIONS QTLs and candidate genes detected in our study for yield-related traits under stripe rust stress will facilitate elucidating genetic basis of yield-related trait and could be used in marker-assisted selection in wheat yield breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Ye
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yukun Cheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangjie Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Long
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jirui Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujin Lan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Ma
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianming Chen
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit; and Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6430, USA
| | - Chunji Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Youliang Zheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyue Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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159
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Tao Y, Chen D, Zou T, Zeng J, Gao F, He Z, Zhou D, He Z, Yuan G, Liu M, Zhao H, Deng Q, Wang S, Zheng A, Zhu J, Liang Y, Wang L, Li P, Li S. Defective Leptotene Chromosome 1 (DLC1) encodes a type-B response regulator and is required for rice meiosis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:556-570. [PMID: 31004552 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is critical for sexual reproduction and the generation of new allelic variations in most eukaryotes. In this study, we report the isolation of a meiotic gene, DLC1, using a map-based cloning strategy. The dlc1 mutant is sterile in both male and female gametophytes due to an earlier defect in the leptotene chromosome and subsequent abnormalities at later stages. DLC1 is strongly expressed in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) and tapetum and encodes a nucleus-located rice type-B response regulator (RR) with transcriptional activity. Further investigations showed that DLC1 interacts with all five putative rice histidine phosphotransfer proteins (HPs) in yeast and planta cells, suggesting a possible participation of the two-component signalling systems (TCS) in rice meiosis. Our results demonstrated that DLC1 is required for rice meiosis and fertility, providing useful information for the role of TCS in rice meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fengyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhongshan He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of crop gene exploitation and utilization in southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of crop gene exploitation and utilization in southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- State Key Laboratory of crop gene exploitation and utilization in southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
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160
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Aki SS, Mikami T, Naramoto S, Nishihama R, Ishizaki K, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Kyozuka J, Kohchi T, Umeda M. Cytokinin Signaling Is Essential for Organ Formation in Marchantia polymorpha. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1842-1854. [PMID: 31135032 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinins are known to regulate various physiological events in plants. Cytokinin signaling is mediated by the phosphorelay system, one of the most ancient mechanisms controlling hormonal pathways in plants. The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha possesses all components necessary for cytokinin signaling; however, whether they respond to cytokinins and how the signaling is fine-tuned remain largely unknown. Here, we report cytokinin function in Marchantia development and organ formation. Our measurement of cytokinin species revealed that cis-zeatin is the most abundant cytokinin in Marchantia. We reduced the endogenous cytokinin level by overexpressing the gene for cytokinin oxidase, MpCKX, which inactivates cytokinins, and generated overexpression and knockout lines for type-A (MpRRA) and type-B (MpRRB) response regulators to manipulate the signaling. The overexpression lines of MpCKX and MpRRA, and the knockout lines of MpRRB, shared phenotypes such as inhibition of gemma cup formation, enhanced rhizoid formation and hyponastic thallus growth. Conversely, the knockout lines of MpRRA produced more gemma cups and exhibited epinastic thallus growth. MpRRA expression was elevated by cytokinin treatment and reduced by knocking out MpRRB, suggesting that MpRRA is upregulated by the MpRRB-mediated cytokinin signaling, which is antagonized by MpRRA. Our findings indicate that when plants moved onto land they already deployed the negative feedback loop of cytokinin signaling, which has an indispensable role in organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori S Aki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
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161
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Li K, Wang J, Liu C, Li C, Qiu J, Zhao C, Xia H, Ma C, Wang X, Li P. Expression of AtLEC2 and AtIPTs promotes embryogenic callus formation and shoot regeneration in tobacco. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:314. [PMID: 31307397 PMCID: PMC6633698 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) acts throughout embryo morphogenesis and maturation phase to maintain embryogenic identity. Our previous study stated that Arabidopsis thaliana LEC2 (AtLEC2) driven by glucocorticoid receptor-dexamethasone (GR-DEX) inducible system (AtLEC2-GR) triggers embryogenic callus formation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). RESULTS In this study, the adenosine phosphate isopentenyltransferase genes AtIPT3, AtIPT7 and the tRNA isopentenyltransferase gene AtIPT9 were overexpressed in the AtLEC2-GR transgenic background. In the AtIPT7-OE AtLEC2-GR and AtIPT9-OE AtLEC2-GR seedlings, high-quality embryogenic callus was obtained under the DEX condition, and the shoot regeneration efficiency was 2 to 3.5 folds higher than AtLEC2-GR alone on hormone free medium without DEX. Transcriptome analyses showed that up-regulated BBM, L1L, ABI3, and FUS3 might function during embryogenic callus formation. However, at the shoot regeneration stage, BBM, L1L, ABI3, and FUS3 were down-regulated and Type-B ARRs were up-regulated, which might contribute to the increased shoot regeneration rate. CONCLUSIONS A novel system for inducing shoot regeneration in tobacco has been developed using the GR-DEX system. Induced expression of AtLEC2 triggers embryogenic callus formation and overexpression of AtIPT7 or AtIPT9 improves shoot regeneration without exogenous cytokinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanliang Liu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changsheng Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhi Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Xia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
| | - Changle Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237 People’s Republic of China
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, 250100 People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014 People’s Republic of China
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162
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Kang M, Kim S, Kim HJ, Shrestha P, Yun JH, Phee BK, Lee W, Nam HG, Chang I. The C-Domain of the NAC Transcription Factor ANAC019 Is Necessary for pH-Tuned DNA Binding through a Histidine Switch in the N-Domain. Cell Rep 2019; 22:1141-1150. [PMID: 29386103 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The affinity of transcription factors (TFs) for their target DNA is a critical determinant of gene expression. Whether the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of TFs alone can regulate binding affinity to DNA is an important question for identifying the design principle of TFs. We studied ANAC019, a member of the NAC TF family of proteins in Arabidopsis, and found a well-conserved histidine switch located in its DBD, which regulates both homodimerization and transcriptional control of the TF through H135 protonation. We found that the removal of a C-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in the TF abolished the pH-dependent binding of the N-terminal DBD to DNA. We propose a mechanism in which long-range electrostatic interactions between DNA and the negatively charged C-terminal IDR turns on the pH dependency of the DNA-binding affinity of the N-terminal DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mooseok Kang
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sangyeol Kim
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Pravesh Shrestha
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yun
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Bong-Kwan Phee
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Weontae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Hong Gil Nam
- Center for Plant Aging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Iksoo Chang
- Center for Proteome Biophysics, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Korea.
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163
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Tan S, Debellé F, Gamas P, Frugier F, Brault M. Diversification of cytokinin phosphotransfer signaling genes in Medicago truncatula and other legume genomes. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:373. [PMID: 31088345 PMCID: PMC6518804 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Legumes can establish on nitrogen-deprived soils a symbiotic interaction with Rhizobia bacteria, leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Cytokinin phytohormones are critical for triggering root cortical cell divisions at the onset of nodule initiation. Cytokinin signaling is based on a Two-Component System (TCS) phosphorelay cascade, involving successively Cytokinin-binding Histidine Kinase receptors, phosphorelay proteins shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and Type-B Response Regulator (RRB) transcription factors activating the expression of cytokinin primary response genes. Among those, Type-A Response Regulators (RRA) exert a negative feedback on the TCS signaling. To determine whether the legume plant nodulation capacity is linked to specific features of TCS proteins, a genome-wide identification was performed in six legume genomes (Cajanus cajan, pigeonpea; Cicer arietinum, chickpea; Glycine max, soybean; Phaseolus vulgaris, common bean; Lotus japonicus; Medicago truncatula). The diversity of legume TCS proteins was compared to the one found in two non-nodulating species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Vitis vinifera, which are references for functional analyses of TCS components and phylogenetic analyses, respectively. RESULTS A striking expansion of non-canonical RRBs was identified, notably leading to the emergence of proteins where the conserved phosphor-accepting aspartate residue is replaced by a glutamate or an asparagine. M. truncatula genome-wide expression datasets additionally revealed that only a limited subset of cytokinin-related TCS genes is highly expressed in different organs, namely MtCHK1/MtCRE1, MtHPT1, and MtRRB3, suggesting that this "core" module potentially acts in most plant organs including nodules. CONCLUSIONS Further functional analyses are required to determine the relevance of these numerous non-canonical TCS RRBs in symbiotic nodulation, as well as of canonical MtHPT1 and MtRRB3 core signaling elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovanna Tan
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Diderot, INRA, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue de Noetzlin, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Debellé
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Pascal Gamas
- LIPM, Université de Toulouse, INRA, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Florian Frugier
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Diderot, INRA, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue de Noetzlin, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Mathias Brault
- IPS2 (Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay), CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Diderot, INRA, Université d’Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Rue de Noetzlin, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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164
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Ma C, Liang B, Chang B, Yan J, Liu L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhao Z. Transcriptome profiling of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the peel of 'Granny Smith' apples (Malus domestica) after bag removal. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:353. [PMID: 31072309 PMCID: PMC6507055 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bagging is commonly used to enhance red pigmentation and thereby improve fruit quality of apples (Malus domestica). The green-skinned apple cultivar ‘Granny Smith’ develops red pigmentation after bagging removal, but the signal transduction pathways mediating light-induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel are yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms underpinning red pigmentation in ‘Granny Smith’ after bag removal based on transcriptome sequencing. Results The anthocyanin content in apple peel increased considerably after bag removal, while only trace amounts of anthocyanins were present in the peel of unbagged and bagged fruits. RNA sequencing identified 18,152 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among unbagged, bagged, and bag-removed fruits at 0, 4, and 10 days after bag removal. The DEGs were implicated in light signal perception and transduction, plant hormone signal transduction, and antioxidant systems. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis of DEGs generated a module of 23 genes highly correlated with anthocyanin content. The deletion of − 2026 to − 1870 bp and − 1062 to − 964 bp regions of the MdMYB1 (LOC103444202) promoter induced a significant decrease in glucuronidase activity and anthocyanin accumulation in apple peel. Conclusions Bagging treatment can induce red pigmentation in ‘Granny Smith’ via altering the expression patterns of genes involved in crucial signal transduction and biochemical metabolic pathways. The − 2026 to − 1870 bp and − 1062 to − 964 bp regions of the MdMYB1 promoter are essential for MdMYB1-mediated regulation of anthocyanin accumulation in the ‘Granny Smith’ apple cultivar. The findings presented here provide insight into the mechanisms of coloration in the peel of ‘Granny Smith’ and other non-red apple cultivars. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-5730-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bowen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiuying Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yazhou Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China. .,Shaanxi Research Center of Apple Engineering and Technology, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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165
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Zhang H, Li Y, Dickman MB, Wang Z. Cytoprotective Co-chaperone BcBAG1 Is a Component for Fungal Development, Virulence, and Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) of Botrytis cinerea. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:685. [PMID: 31024482 PMCID: PMC6467101 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bcl-2 associated athanogene (BAG) family is an evolutionarily conserved group of co-chaperones that confers stress protection against a variety of cellular insults extending from yeasts, plants to humans. Little is known, however, regarding the biological role of BAG proteins in phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we identified the unique BAG gene (BcBAG1) from the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. BcBAG1 is the homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana AtBAG4, and ectopic expression of BcBAG1 in atbag4 knock-out mutants restores salt tolerance. BcBAG1 deletion mutants (ΔBcbag1) exhibited decreased conidiation, enhanced melanin accumulation and lost the ability to develop sclerotia. Also, BcBAG1 disruption blocked fungal conidial germination and successful penetration, leading to a reduced virulence in host plants. BcBAG1 contains BAG (BD) domain at C-terminus and ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain at N-terminus. Complementation assays indicated that BD can largely restored pathogenicity of ΔBcbag1. Abiotic stress assays showed ΔBcbag1 was more sensitive than the wild-type strain to NaCl, calcofluor white, SDS, tunicamycin, dithiothreitol (DTT), heat and cold stress, suggesting BcBAG1 plays a cytoprotective role during salt stress, cell wall stress, and ER stress. BcBAG1 negatively regulated the expression of BcBIP1, BcIRE1 and the splicing of BcHAC1 mRNA, which are core regulators of unfolded protein response (UPR) during ER stress. Moreover, BcBAG1 interacted with HSP70-type chaperones, BcBIP1 and BcSKS2. In summary, this work demonstrates that BcBAG1 is pleiotropic and not only essential for fungal development, hyphal melanization, and virulence, but also required for response to multiple abiotic stresses and UPR pathway of B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yurong Li
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Martin B Dickman
- Institute for Plant Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.,Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
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166
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Skalák J, Vercruyssen L, Claeys H, Hradilová J, Černý M, Novák O, Plačková L, Saiz-Fernández I, Skaláková P, Coppens F, Dhondt S, Koukalová Š, Zouhar J, Inzé D, Brzobohatý B. Multifaceted activity of cytokinin in leaf development shapes its size and structure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 97:805-824. [PMID: 30748050 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin has been shown to affect many aspects of plant development ranging from the regulation of the shoot apical meristem to leaf senescence. However, some studies have reported contradictory effects of cytokinin on leaf physiology. Therefore cytokinin treatments cause both chlorosis and increased greening and both lead to decrease or increase in cell size. To elucidate this multifaceted role of cytokinin in leaf development, we have employed a system of temporal controls over the cytokinin pool and investigated the consequences of modulated cytokinin levels in the third leaf of Arabidopsis. We show that, at the cell proliferation phase, cytokinin is needed to maintain cell proliferation by blocking the transition to cell expansion and the onset of photosynthesis. Transcriptome profiling revealed regulation by cytokinin of a gene suite previously shown to affect cell proliferation and expansion and thereby a molecular mechanism by which cytokinin modulates a molecular network underlying the cellular responses. During the cell expansion phase, cytokinin stimulates cell expansion and differentiation. Consequently, a cytokinin excess at the cell expansion phase results in an increased leaf and rosette size fueled by higher cell expansion rate, yielding higher shoot biomass. Proteome profiling revealed the stimulation of primary metabolism by cytokinin, in line with an increased sugar content that is expected to increase turgor pressure, representing the driving force of cell expansion. Therefore, the developmental timing of cytokinin content fluctuations, together with a tight control of primary metabolism, is a key factor mediating transitions from cell proliferation to cell expansion in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skalák
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Liesbeth Vercruyssen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannes Claeys
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Hradilová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Černý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iñigo Saiz-Fernández
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Patricie Skaláková
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederik Coppens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Dhondt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Šárka Koukalová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Zouhar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Břetislav Brzobohatý
- Department of Molecular Biology and Radiobiology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-61300, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
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Wallmeroth N, Jeschke D, Slane D, Nägele J, Veerabagu M, Mira-Rodado V, Berendzen KW. ARR22 overexpression can suppress plant Two-Component Regulatory Systems. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212056. [PMID: 30742656 PMCID: PMC6370222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, several developmental processes are co-coordinated by cytokinins via phosphorylation dependent processes of the Two-Component System (TCS). An outstanding challenge is to track phosphorelay flow from cytokinin perception to its molecular outputs, of which gene activation plays a major role. To address this issue, a kinetic-based reporter system was expounded to track TCS phosphorelay activity in vivo that can distinguish between basal and cytokinin dependent effects of overexpressed TCS members. The TCS phosphorelay can be positively activated by cytokinin and inhibited by pharmaceuticals or naturally interfering components. In this case we took advantage of the phosphohistidine-phosphatase Arabidopsis Response Regulator (ARR) 22 and investigated its phosphocompetition with other TCS members in regulating promoters of ARR5 and WUS in Arabidopsis thaliana cell culture protoplasts. In congruency with the proposed function of ARR22, overexpression of ARR22 blocked the activation of all B-type ARRs in this study in a TCS dependent manner. Furthermore, this effect could not be mimicked by A-type response regulator overexpression or compensated by AHP overexpression. Compared to other reporter assays, ours mimicked effects previously observed only in transgenic plants for all of the TCS proteins studied, suggesting that it is possible to expose phosphocompetition. Thus, our approach can be used to investigate gene signaling networks involving the TCS by leveraging ARR22 as a TCS inhibitor along with B-type ARR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Wallmeroth
- Department of Plant Physiology at the Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Jeschke
- Department of Plant Physiology at the Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Slane
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janine Nägele
- Department of Plant Physiology at the Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manikandan Veerabagu
- Department of Plant Physiology at the Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Virtudes Mira-Rodado
- Department of Plant Physiology at the Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kenneth Wayne Berendzen
- Department of Plant Physiology at the Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of the Central Facilities at Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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168
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Wybouw B, De Rybel B. Cytokinin - A Developing Story. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 24:177-185. [PMID: 30446307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade tremendous advances have been made in understanding the biosynthesis, perception, and signaling pathways of the plant hormone cytokinin. It also became clear that interfering with any of these steps greatly impacts all on stages of growth and development. This has recently spurted renewed effort to understand how cytokinin signaling affects developmental processes. As a result, new insights on the role of cytokinin signaling and the downstream targets during, for example, shoot apical meristem, flower, female gametophyte, stomata and vascular development are being unraveled. In this review we aim to give a comprehensive overview of recent findings on how cytokinin influences growth and development in plants, and highlight areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Wybouw
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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169
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Bowman JL, Briginshaw LN, Fisher TJ, Flores-Sandoval E. Something ancient and something neofunctionalized-evolution of land plant hormone signaling pathways. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 47:64-72. [PMID: 30339930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of land plants from a charophycean algal ancestor was accompanied by an increased diversity of regulatory networks, including signaling pathways mediating cellular communication within plants and between plants and the environment. Canonical land plant hormone signaling pathways were originally identified in angiosperms, and comparative studies in basal taxa show that they have been assembled from both ancient and newly evolved components, both before and during land plant evolution. In this review we present our current understanding, and highlight several uncertainties, of the evolution of hormone signaling pathways, focusing on the biosynthetic pathways generating putative ligands and the downstream perception and signaling pathways often leading to transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Liam N Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Tom J Fisher
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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170
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Yin J, Guan X, Zhang H, Wang L, Li H, Zhang Q, Chen T, Xu Z, Hong Z, Cao Y, Zhang Z. An MAP kinase interacts with LHK1 and regulates nodule organogenesis in Lotus japonicus. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 62:1203-1217. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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171
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Kumar Meena M, Kumar Vishwakarma N, Tripathi V, Chattopadhyay D. CBL-interacting protein kinase 25 contributes to root meristem development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:133-147. [PMID: 30239807 PMCID: PMC6305191 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Co-ordination of auxin and cytokinin activities determines root meristem size during post-embryonic development. Calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) and their interacting protein kinases (CIPKs) constitute signaling modules that relay calcium signals. Here we report that CIPK25 is involved in regulating the root meristem size. Arabidopsis plants lacking CIPK25 expression displayed a short root phenotype and a slower root growth rate with fewer meristem cells. This phenotype was rescued by restoration of CIPK25 expression. CIPK25 interacted with CBL4 and -5, and displayed strong gene expression in the flower and root, except in the cell proliferation domain in the root apical meristem. Its expression in the root was positively and negatively regulated by auxin and cytokinin, respectively. The cipk25 T-DNA insertion line was compromised in auxin transport and auxin-responsive promoter activity. The cipk25 mutant line showed altered expression of auxin efflux carriers (PIN1 and PIN2) and an Aux/IAA family gene SHY2. Decreased PIN1 and PIN2 expression in the cipk25 mutant line was completely restored when combined with a SHY2 loss-of-function mutation, resulting in recovery of root growth. SHY2 and PIN1 expression was partially regulated by cytokinin even in the absence of CIPK25, suggesting a CIPK25-independent cytokinin signaling pathway(s). Our results revealed that CIPK25 plays an important role in the co-ordination of auxin and cytokinin signaling in root meristem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Meena
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vineeta Tripathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Debasis Chattopadhyay
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- Correspondence:
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172
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Lin T, Walworth A, Zong X, Danial GH, Tomaszewski EM, Callow P, Han X, Irina Zaharia L, Edger PP, Zhong GY, Song GQ. VcRR2 regulates chilling-mediated flowering through expression of hormone genes in a transgenic blueberry mutant. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:96. [PMID: 31645954 PMCID: PMC6804727 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0180-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying dormancy release and the induction of flowering remains poorly understood in woody plants. Mu-legacy is a valuable blueberry mutant, in which a transgene insertion caused increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene (VcRR2). Mu-legacy plants, compared with nontransgenic 'Legacy' plants, show dwarfing, promotion of flower bud formation, and can flower under nonchilling conditions. We conducted transcriptomic comparisons in leaves, chilled and nonchilled flowering buds, and late-pink buds, and analyzed a total of 41 metabolites of six groups of hormones in leaf tissues of both Mu-legacy and 'Legacy' plants. These analyses uncovered that increased VcRR2 expression promotes the expression of a homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana ENT-COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE 1 (VcGA1), which induces new homeostasis of hormones, including increased gibberellin 4 (GA4) levels in Mu-legacy leaves. Consequently, increased expression of VcRR2 and VcGA1, which function in cytokinin responses and gibberellin synthesis, respectively, initiated the reduction in plant height and the enhancement of flower bud formation of the Mu-legacy plants through interactions of multiple approaches. In nonchilled flower buds, 29 differentially expressed transcripts of 17 genes of five groups of hormones were identified in transcriptome comparisons between Mu-legacy and 'Legacy' plants, of which 22 were chilling responsive. Thus, these analyses suggest that increased expression of VcRR2 was collectively responsible for promoting flower bud formation in highbush blueberry under nonchilling conditions. We report here for the first time the importance of VcRR2 to induce a suite of downstream hormones that promote flowering in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Lin
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Aaron Walworth
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Xiaojuan Zong
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Gharbia H. Danial
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Elise M. Tomaszewski
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Pete Callow
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Xiumei Han
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - L. Irina Zaharia
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development, National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W9 Canada
| | - Patrick P. Edger
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Gan-yuan Zhong
- Grape Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Geneva, NY 14456 USA
| | - Guo-qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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173
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Hönig M, Plíhalová L, Husičková A, Nisler J, Doležal K. Role of Cytokinins in Senescence, Antioxidant Defence and Photosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4045. [PMID: 30558142 PMCID: PMC6321018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins modulate a number of important developmental processes, including the last phase of leaf development, known as senescence, which is associated with chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthetic apparatus disintegration and oxidative damage. There is ample evidence that cytokinins can slow down all these senescence-accompanying changes. Here, we review relationships between the various mechanisms of action of these regulatory molecules. We highlight their connection to photosynthesis, the pivotal process that generates assimilates, however may also lead to oxidative damage. Thus, we also focus on cytokinin induction of protective responses against oxidative damage. Activation of antioxidative enzymes in senescing tissues is described as well as changes in the levels of naturally occurring antioxidative compounds, such as phenolic acids and flavonoids, in plant explants. The main goal of this review is to show how the biological activities of cytokinins may be related to their chemical structure. New links between molecular aspects of natural cytokinins and their synthetic derivatives with antisenescent properties are described. Structural motifs in cytokinin molecules that may explain why these molecules play such a significant regulatory role are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hönig
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Plíhalová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexandra Husičková
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Nisler
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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174
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Rajkumar MS, Garg R, Jain M. Genome-wide discovery of DNA polymorphisms among chickpea cultivars with contrasting seed size/weight and their functional relevance. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16795. [PMID: 30429540 PMCID: PMC6235875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed size/weight is a major agronomic trait which determine crop productivity in legumes. To understand the genetic basis of seed size determination, we sought to identify DNA polymorphisms between two small (Himchana 1 and Pusa 362) and two large-seeded (JGK 3 and PG 0515) chickpea cultivars via whole genome resequencing. We identified a total of 75535 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 6486 insertions and deletions (InDels), 1938 multi-nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs) and 5025 complex variants between the two small and two large-seeded chickpea cultivars. Our analysis revealed 814, 244 and 72 seed-specific genes harboring DNA polymorphisms in promoter or non-synonymous and large-effect DNA polymorphisms, respectively. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment of cell growth and division related terms in these genes. Among them, at least 22 genes associated with quantitative trait loci, and those involved in cell growth and division and encoding transcription factors harbored promoter and/or large-effect/non-synonymous DNA polymorphisms. These also showed higher expression at late-embryogenesis and/or mid-maturation stages of seed development in the large-seeded cultivar, suggesting their role in seed size/weight determination in chickpea. Altogether, this study provided a valuable resource for large-scale genotyping applications and a few putative candidate genes that might play crucial role in governing seed size/weight in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India. .,National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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175
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Kanwar MK, Yu J, Zhou J. Phytomelatonin: Recent advances and future prospects. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12526. [PMID: 30256447 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL) has been revealed as a phylogenetically conserved molecule with a ubiquitous distribution from primitive photosynthetic bacteria to higher plants, including algae and fungi. Since MEL is implicated in numerous plant developmental processes and stress responses, the exploration of its functions in plant has become a rapidly progressing field with the new paradigm of involvement in plants growth and development. The pleiotropic involvement of MEL in regulating the transcripts of numerous genes confirms its vital involvement as a multi-regulatory molecule that architects many aspects of plant development. However, the cumulative research in plants is still preliminary and fragmentary in terms of its established functions compared to what is known about MEL physiology in animals. This supports the need for a comprehensive review that summarizes the new aspects pertaining to its functional role in photosynthesis, phytohormonal interactions under stress, cellular redox signaling, along with other regulatory roles in plant immunity, phytoremediation, and plant microbial interactions. The present review covers the latest advances on the mechanistic roles of phytomelatonin. While phytomelatonin is a sovereign plant growth regulator that can interact with the functions of other plant growth regulators or hormones, its qualifications as a complete phytohormone are still to be established. This review also showcases the yet to be identified potentials of phytomelatonin that will surely encourage the plant scientists to uncover new functional aspects of phytomelatonin in plant growth and development, subsequently improving its status as a potential new phytohormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Kanwar
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
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176
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Song GQ, Walworth A. An invaluable transgenic blueberry for studying chilling-induced flowering in woody plants. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:265. [PMID: 30382848 PMCID: PMC6211425 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1494-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many deciduous woody crops require a minimum level of chilling to break dormancy and allow the seasonal growth of vegetative and floral buds. In this study, we report the discovery of an invaluable transgenic event of the blueberry cultivar 'Legacy' (hereafter, Mu-Legacy) for studying chilling-induced flowering in woody plants. Mu-legacy and its progeny provide a unique material to study the unknown mechanism of chilling-mediated flowering in woody plants. RESULTS Unlike nontransgenic 'Legacy' and plants of 48 other transgenic events, Mu-Legacy plants were able to flower under nonchilling conditions and had early flower bud formation, reduced plant size, and reduced chilling requirement for normal flowering. These characteristics were heritable and also observed in self-pollinated, transgenic T1 progenies of Mu-Legacy. A 47-Kbp genomic sequence surrounding the transgene insertion position was identified. RNA-sequencing data showed increased expression of a RESPONSE REGULATOR 2-like gene (VcRR2), located adjacent to the insertion position in Mu-Legacy and likely driven by the CaMV 35S promoter of the transgene. The Mu-Legacy showed 209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nonchilled flower buds (compared to nontransgenic 'Legacy'), of which only four DEGs were in the flowering pathway. This suggests altered expression of these few genes, VcRR2 and four flowering DEGs, is sufficient to significantly change flowering behavior in Mu-Legacy. CONCLUSIONS The significance of VcRR2 in Mu-Legacy suggests that the VcRR2-involved cytokinin pathway likely contributes to the major differences in chilling-mediated flowering between woody and herbaceous plants. More importantly, Mu-Legacy shows increased yield potential, a decreased chilling requirement, and better winter hardiness than many low-chilling cultivars growing in southern warm winter conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-qing Song
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
| | - Aaron Walworth
- Plant Biotechnology Resource and Outreach Center, Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 USA
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177
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Skalický V, Kubeš M, Napier R, Novák O. Auxins and Cytokinins-The Role of Subcellular Organization on Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3115. [PMID: 30314316 PMCID: PMC6213326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones are master regulators of plant growth and development. Better knowledge of their spatial signaling and homeostasis (transport and metabolism) on the lowest structural levels (cellular and subcellular) is therefore crucial to a better understanding of developmental processes in plants. Recent progress in phytohormone analysis at the cellular and subcellular levels has greatly improved the effectiveness of isolation protocols and the sensitivity of analytical methods. This review is mainly focused on homeostasis of two plant hormone groups, auxins and cytokinins. It will summarize and discuss their tissue- and cell-type specific distributions at the cellular and subcellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Kubeš
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Richard Napier
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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178
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Naruse M, Takahashi H, Kurata N, Ito Y. Cytokinin-induced expression of OSH1 in a shoot-regenerating rice callus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:267-272. [PMID: 31819732 PMCID: PMC6879368 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0614a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The expression of a KNOX class 1 gene OSH1 is induced by cytokinin during regeneration of shoots from callus in Oryza sativa L. (rice). This cytokinin-induced expression was enhanced by overexpression of homologues of cytokinin-signalling phosphorelay genes such as a histidine kinase gene OHK3, a phosphotransmitter gene OHP2 and a response regulator gene ORR1 in cultured cells. Regionally overlapped expression of these genes and OSH1 was observed in shoot apex. These results suggest that these cytokinin-signalling genes are positive regulators of the expression of OSH1, and mediate the OSH expression upon shoot regeneration from callus in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Naruse
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Honami Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Nori Kurata
- National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Ito
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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179
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Ryo M, Yamashino T, Nomoto Y, Goto Y, Ichinose M, Sato K, Sugita M, Aoki S. Light-regulated PAS-containing histidine kinases delay gametophore formation in the moss Physcomitrella patens. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4839-4851. [PMID: 29992239 PMCID: PMC6137987 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-component systems (TCSs) are signal transduction mechanisms for responding to various environmental stimuli. In angiosperms, TCSs involved in phytohormone signaling have been intensively studied, whereas there are only a few reports on TCSs in basal land plants. The moss Physcomitrella patens possesses several histidine kinases (HKs) that are lacking in seed plant genomes. Here, we studied two of these unique HKs, PAS-histidine kinase 1 (PHK1) and its paralog PHK2, both of which have PAS (Per-Arnt-Sim) domains, which are known to show versatile functions such as sensing light or molecular oxygen. We found homologs of PHK1 and PHK2 only in early diverged clades such as bryophytes and lycophytes, but not in seed plants. The PAS sequences of PHK1 and PHK2 are more similar to a subset of bacterial PAS sequences than to any angiosperm PAS sequences. Gene disruption lines that lack either PHK1 or PHK2 or both formed gametophores earlier than the wild-type, and consistently, more caulonema side branches were induced in response to light in the disruption lines. Therefore, PHK1 and PHK2 delay the timing of gametophore development, probably by suppressing light-induced caulonema branching. This study provides new insights into the evolution of TCSs in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ryo
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yamashino
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Correspondence: or
| | - Yuji Nomoto
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Goto
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ichinose
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sato
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sugita
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Setsuyuki Aoki
- Graduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
- Correspondence: or
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180
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Fukudome A, Koiwa H. Cytokinin-overinduced transcription factors and thalianol cluster genes in CARBOXYL-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 4-silenced Arabidopsis roots during de novo shoot organogenesis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1513299. [PMID: 30188775 PMCID: PMC6204838 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1513299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) is one of key phytohormones for de-differentiation and de novo organogenesis in plants. During the CK-mediated organogenesis not only genes in CK homeostasis, perception and signal transduction, but also factors regulating basic transcription, splicing and chromatin remodeling contribute to coordinate a sequence of events leading to formation of new organs. We have found that silencing of RNA polymerase II CTD-phosohatase-like 4 (CPL4RNAi) in Arabidopsis induces CK-oversensitive de novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) from roots, partly by early activation of transcription factors such as WUSCHEL and SHOOT MERISTEMLESS during pre-incubation on callus induction media. Here we show that a cluster of thalianol-biogenesis genes is highly expressed in the CPL4RNAi during DNSO, implying involvement of CPL4 in transcriptional regulation of the thalianol pathway in DNSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Fukudome
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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181
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Gu J, Li Z, Mao Y, Struik PC, Zhang H, Liu L, Wang Z, Yang J. Roles of nitrogen and cytokinin signals in root and shoot communications in maximizing of plant productivity and their agronomic applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 274:320-331. [PMID: 30080619 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential, often limiting, factor in plant growth and development. To regulate growth under limited nitrogen supply, plants sense the internal and external nitrogen status, and coordinate various metabolic processes and developmental programs accordingly. This coordination requires the transmission of various signaling molecules that move across the entire plant. Cytokinins, phytohormones derived from adenine and synthesized in various parts of the plant, are considered major local and long-distance messengers. Cytokinin metabolism and signaling are closely associated with nitrogen availability. They are systemically transported via the vasculature from plant roots to shoots, and vice versa, thereby coordinating shoot and root development. Tight linkage exists between the nitrogen signaling network and cytokinins during diverse developmental and physiological processes. However, the cytokinin-nitrogen interactions and the communication systems involved in sensing rhizospheric nitrogen status and in regulating canopy development remain obscure. We review current knowledge on cytokinin biosynthesis, transport and signaling, nitrogen acquisition, metabolism and signaling, and their interactive roles in regulating root-shoot morphological and physiological characteristics. We also discuss the role of spatio-temporal regulation of cytokinins in enhancing beneficial crop traits of yield and nitrogen use efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhikang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yiqi Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Science, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, Wageningen, 6700 AK, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianchang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology / Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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182
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Li L, He X, Zhao F, Zhu C, Zeng H. WUS and PIN1-related genes undergo dynamic expressional change during organ regeneration in response to wounding in Zoysia japonica. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1733-1744. [PMID: 30155591 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Zoysia japonica is a grass specie used for golf courses and stadium lawns because of its eminent organ regeneration ability after cutting. However, the molecular mechanisms of the organ regeneration remain elusive. In plants, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) plays a critical role in organ regeneration process. Studies on shoot apical meristem (SAM) in Arabidopsis revealed PIN-FORMED 1 (PIN1) and WUSCHEL (WUS) as crucial components regulating the maintenance and proliferation of SAM via modulating the phytohormones auxin (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK), respectively. In this study, transcriptome analysis of the early wounding stage of Z. japonica cultivar "Zenith" was performed, and global expression pattern of genes related to the PIN1 and WUS network was analyzed. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) database classification, genes related to cell proliferation were identified in differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) with dramatic changes. Meanwhile, there were 18 IAA and CTK-related GO terms. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database classification showed that "plant hormone signal transduction" was gradually become the most abundant enrichment pathways within 6 h. Twenty-four Z. japonica genes with homology to Arabidopsis genes that are involved in PIN1 and WUS network were examined for expression. Among them, 21 genes showed dynamic changes whereas three genes did not. Those results suggesting that the key genes involved in the regeneration exhibited difference in both plants. Finally, we proposed a simple molecular mechanism of the Z. japonica organ regeneration regulated by PIN1 and WUS after wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkun Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xusheng He
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangdong Zhao
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Zeng
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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183
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Liu Z, Yuan L, Sundaresan V, Yu X. Arabidopsis CKI1 mediated two-component signaling in the specification of female gametophyte. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1469360. [PMID: 30148413 PMCID: PMC6204793 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1469360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytokinin independent 1 (CKI1) is a histidine kinase involved in the two-component signaling pathway and acts as a master regulator of central cell specification via CKI1-mediated two-component signaling. In this study, the dynamic distribution of two-component system (TCS) signals was primarily investigated during Arabidopsis embryo sac development. TCS signals were stably detected in female gametophytes cells from the megaspore stage all through to the mature embryo sac stage. CKI1 acts as the primary activator of the TCS signaling pathway in embryo sacs. Accordingly, focusing on CKI1, two alternate models are proposed for female gametophyte cell fate specification. In the first model, CKI1 co-determines the central cell fate in combination with a hypothetical X factor at the micropylar pole, and in the alternate model, CKI1 alone determines the central cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Liu
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi, China
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - L. Yuan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - V. Sundaresan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - X. Yu
- Institute of Vegetable Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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184
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Huang X, Hou L, Meng J, You H, Li Z, Gong Z, Yang S, Shi Y. The Antagonistic Action of Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin Signaling Mediates Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2018; 11:970-982. [PMID: 29753021 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants encounter a variety of environmental stresses and must optimize their growth for survival. Abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinin antagonistically regulate many developmental processes and environmental stress responses in plants. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this antagonism remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrated that Sucrose nonfermenting1-related kinases SnRK2.2, SnRK2.3, and SnRK2.6, the key kinases of the ABA signaling pathway, directly interact with and phosphorylate type-A response regulator 5 (ARR5), a negative regulator of cytokinin signaling. The phosphorylation of ARR5 Ser residues by SnRK2s enhanced ARR5 protein stability. Accordingly, plants overexpressing ARR5 showed ABA hypersensitivity and drought tolerance, and these phenotypes could not be recapitulated by overexpressing a non-phosphorylated ARR5 mimic. Moreover, the type-B ARRs, ARR1, ARR11 and ARR12, physically interacted with SnRK2s and repressed the kinase activity of SnRK2.6. The arr1,11,12 triple mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to ABA. Genetic analysis demonstrated that SnRK2s act upstream of ARR5 but downstream of ARR1, ARR11 and ARR12 in mediating ABA response and drought tolerance. Taken together, this study unravels the antagonistic actions of several molecular components of the ABA and cytokinin signaling pathways in mediates drought stress response, providing significant insights into how plants coordinate growth and drought stress response by integrating multiple hormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingyan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huiwen You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhizhong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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185
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Abstract
The haploid female gametophyte (embryo sac) is an essential reproductive unit of flowering plants, usually comprising four specialized cell types, including the female gametes (egg cell and central cell). The differentiation of these cells relies on spatial signals which pattern the gametophyte along a proximal-distal axis, but the molecular and genetic mechanisms by which cell identities are determined in the embryo sac have long been a mystery. Recent identification of key genes for cell fate specification and their relationship to hormonal signaling pathways that act on positional cues has provided new insights into these processes. A model for differentiation can be devised with egg cell fate as a default state of the female gametophyte and with other cell types specified by the action of spatially regulated factors. Cell-to-cell communication within the gametophyte is also important for maintaining cell identity as well as facilitating fertilization of the female gametes by the male gametes (sperm cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra J Skinner
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
| | - Venkatesan Sundaresan
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, USA
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186
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Cho H, Cho HS, Nam H, Jo H, Yoon J, Park C, Dang TVT, Kim E, Jeong J, Park S, Wallner ES, Youn H, Park J, Jeon J, Ryu H, Greb T, Choi K, Lee Y, Jang SK, Ban C, Hwang I. Translational control of phloem development by RNA G-quadruplex-JULGI determines plant sink strength. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:376-390. [PMID: 29808026 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0157-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a plant vascular system was a prerequisite for the colonization of land; however, it is unclear how the photosynthate transporting system was established during plant evolution. Here, we identify a novel translational regulatory module for phloem development involving the zinc-finger protein JULGI (JUL) and its targets, the 5' untranslated regions (UTRs) of the SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1-LIKE4/5 (SMXL4/5) mRNAs, which is exclusively conserved in vascular plants. JUL directly binds and induces an RNA G-quadruplex in the 5' UTR of SMXL4/5, which are key promoters of phloem differentiation. We show that RNA G-quadruplex formation suppresses SMXL4/5 translation and restricts phloem differentiation. In turn, JUL deficiency promotes phloem formation and strikingly increases sink strength per seed. We propose that the translational regulation by the JUL/5' UTR G-quadruplex module is a major determinant of phloem establishment, thereby determining carbon allocation to sink tissues, and that this mechanism was a key invention during the emergence of vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyun Seob Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Nam
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hunho Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Joonseon Yoon
- Crop Seed Development Team, Seed Business Division, FarmHannong Co. Ltd., Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chanyoung Park
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Tuong Vi T Dang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Eunah Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jongmin Jeong
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Eva-Sophie Wallner
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hyungjun Youn
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jongmin Park
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Jinseong Jeon
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hojin Ryu
- Department of Biology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kyuha Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Yoontae Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Sung Key Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
- Division of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Changill Ban
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
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187
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Kaltenegger E, Leng S, Heyl A. The effects of repeated whole genome duplication events on the evolution of cytokinin signaling pathway. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:76. [PMID: 29843594 PMCID: PMC5975490 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is thought that after whole-genome duplications (WGDs), a large fraction of the duplicated gene copies is lost over time while few duplicates are retained. Which factors promote survival or death of a duplicate remains unclear and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. According to the model of gene dosage balance, genes encoding interacting proteins are predicted to be preferentially co-retained after WGDs. Among these are genes encoding proteins involved in complexes or in signal transduction. RESULTS We have investigated the way that repeated WGDs during land plant evolution have affected cytokinin signaling to study patterns of gene duplicability and co-retention in this important signal transduction pathway. Through the integration of phylogenetic analyses with comparisons of genome collinearity, we have found that signal input mediated by cytokinin receptors proved to be highly conserved over long evolutionary time-scales, with receptors showing predominantly gene loss after repeated WGDs. However, the downstream elements, e,g. response regulators, were mainly retained after WGDs and thereby formed gene families in most plant lineages. CONCLUSIONS Gene dosage balance between the interacting components indicated by co-retention after WGDs seems to play a minor role in the evolution of cytokinin signaling pathway. Overall, core genes of cytokinin signaling show a highly heterogeneous pattern of gene retention after WGD, reflecting complex relationships between the various factors that shape the long-term fate of a duplicated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Kaltenegger
- Department Biochemical Ecology and Molecular Evolution, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svetlana Leng
- Institute of Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Heyl
- Institute of Applied Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Biology Department, Adelphi University, Garden City, USA
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188
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Panda BB, Sekhar S, Dash SK, Behera L, Shaw BP. Biochemical and molecular characterisation of exogenous cytokinin application on grain filling in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:89. [PMID: 29783938 PMCID: PMC5963110 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor filling of grains in the basal spikelets of large size panicles bearing numerous spikelets has been a major limitation in attempts to increase the rice production to feed the world's increasing population. Considering that biotechnological intervention could play important role in overcoming this limitation, the role of cytokinin in grain filling was investigated based on the information on cell proliferating potential of the hormone and reports of its high accumulation in immature seeds. RESULTS A comparative study considering two rice varieties differing in panicle compactness, lax-panicle Upahar and compact-panicle OR-1918, revealed significant difference in grain filling, cytokinin oxidase (CKX) activity and expression, and expression of cell cycle regulators and cytokinin signaling components between the basal and apical spikelets of OR-1918, but not of Upahar. Exogenous application of cytokinin (6-Benzylaminopurine, BAP) to OR-1918 improved grain filling significantly, and this was accompanied by a significant decrease in expression and activity of CKX, particularly in the basal spikelets where the activity of CKX was significantly higher than that in the apical spikelets. Cytokinin application also resulted in significant increase in expression of cell cycle regulators like cyclin dependent kinases and cyclins in the basal spikelets that might be facilitating cell division in the endosperm cells by promoting G1/S phase and G2/M phase transition leading to improvement in grain filling. Expression studies of type-A response regulator (RR) component of cytokinin signaling indicated possible role of OsRR3, OsRR4 and OsRR6 as repressors of CKX expression, much needed for an increased accumulation of CK in cells. Furthermore, the observed effect of BAP might not be solely because of it, but also because of induced synthesis of trans-zeatin (tZ) and N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl)adenine (iP), as reflected from accumulation of tZR (tZ riboside) and iPR (iP riboside), and significantly enhanced expression of an isopentenyl transferase (IPT) isoform. CONCLUSION The results suggested that seed-specific overexpression of OsRR4 and OsRR6, and more importantly of IPT9 could be an effective biotechnological intervention towards improving the CK level of the developing caryopses leading to enhanced grain filling in rice cultivars bearing large panicles with numerous spikelets, and thereby increasing their yield potential.
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189
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Hou BZ, Xu C, Shen YY. A leu-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase, FaRIPK1, interacts with the ABA receptor, FaABAR, to regulate fruit ripening in strawberry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1569-1582. [PMID: 29281111 PMCID: PMC5888985 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) is a model plant for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening regulated by abscisic acid (ABA); however, its exact molecular mechanisms are yet not fully understood. In this study, a predicted leu-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase in strawberry, red-initial protein kinase 1 (FaRIPK1), was screened and, using a yeast two-hybrid assay, was shown to interact with a putative ABA receptor, FaABAR. This association was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, and shown to occur in the nucleus. Expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that FaRIPK1 is expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit, with a particularly high expression in white fruit at the onset of coloration. Down-regulation of FaRIPK1 expression in strawberry fruit, using Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, inhibited ripening, as evidenced by suppression of ripening-related physiological changes and reduced expression of several genes involved in softening, sugar content, pigmentation, and ABA biosynthesis and signaling. The yeast-expressed LRR and STK (serine/threonine protein kinase) domains of FaRIPK1 bound ABA and showed kinase activity, respectively. A fruit disc-incubation test revealed that FaRIPK1 expression was induced by ABA and ethylene. The synergistic action of FaRIPK1 with FaABAR in regulation of strawberry fruit ripening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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190
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Andersen TG, Naseer S, Ursache R, Wybouw B, Smet W, De Rybel B, Vermeer JEM, Geldner N. Diffusible repression of cytokinin signalling produces endodermal symmetry and passage cells. Nature 2018. [PMID: 29539635 PMCID: PMC6054302 DOI: 10.1038/nature25976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vascular plants, the root endodermis surrounds the central vasculature as a protective sheath that is analogous to the polarized epithelium in animals, and contains ring-shaped Casparian strips that restrict diffusion. After an initial lag phase, individual endodermal cells suberize in an apparently random fashion to produce 'patchy' suberization that eventually generates a zone of continuous suberin deposition. Casparian strips and suberin lamellae affect paracellular and transcellular transport, respectively. Most angiosperms maintain some isolated cells in an unsuberized state as so-called 'passage cells', which have previously been suggested to enable uptake across an otherwise-impermeable endodermal barrier. Here we demonstrate that these passage cells are late emanations of a meristematic patterning process that reads out the underlying non-radial symmetry of the vasculature. This process is mediated by the non-cell-autonomous repression of cytokinin signalling in the root meristem, and leads to distinct phloem- and xylem-pole-associated endodermal cells. The latter cells can resist abscisic acid-dependent suberization to produce passage cells. Our data further demonstrate that, during meristematic patterning, xylem-pole-associated endodermal cells can dynamically alter passage-cell numbers in response to nutrient status, and that passage cells express transporters and locally affect the expression of transporters in adjacent cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonni Grube Andersen
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sadaf Naseer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robertas Ursache
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brecht Wybouw
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Smet
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Wageningen University, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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191
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Abstract
The phytohormone cytokinin plays diverse roles in plant development, influencing many agriculturally important processes, including growth, nutrient responses and the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cytokinin levels in plants are regulated by biosynthesis and inactivation pathways. Cytokinins are perceived by membrane-localized histidine-kinase receptors and are transduced through a His-Asp phosphorelay to activate a family of transcription factors in the nucleus. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we summarize the current understanding of cytokinin metabolism, transport and signaling, and discuss how this phytohormone regulates changes in gene expression to mediate its pleiotropic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Kieber
- University of North Carolina, Biology Department, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - G Eric Schaller
- Dartmouth College, Department of Biological Sciences, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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192
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Cabrera-Ponce JL, González-Gómez IA, León-Ramírez CG, Sánchez-Arreguín JA, Jofre Y Garfias AE. Somatic Embryogenesis in Common BeanPhaseolus vulgaris L. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1815:189-206. [PMID: 29981122 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8594-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. has been shown to be a recalcitrant plant to induce somatic embryogenesis (SE) under in vitro conditions. An alternative strategy to yield SE is based upon the use of a cytokinin (benzyladenine) coupled with osmotic stress adaptation instead of the auxin-inducing SE in common bean. Here we described the induction of proembryogenic masses (PEM) derived from the apical meristem and cotyledonary zone of zygotic embryos, from which secondary SE indirect embryogenesis emerged. Maturation of SE was achieved by using osmotic stress medium and converted to plants. Long-term recurrent SE was demonstrated by propagation of PEM at early stages of SE. This protocol is currently being applied for stable genetic transformation by means of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and biobalistics as well as basic biochemical and molecular biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cabrera-Ponce
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, CP, Guanajuato, Mexico.
| | - Itzel Anayetzi González-Gómez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, CP, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Claudia G León-Ramírez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, CP, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - José A Sánchez-Arreguín
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, CP, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Alba E Jofre Y Garfias
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, CP, Guanajuato, Mexico
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193
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Pernisova M, Grochova M, Konecny T, Plackova L, Harustiakova D, Kakimoto T, Heisler MG, Novak O, Hejatko J. Cytokinin signalling regulates organ identity via AHK4 receptor in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:dev.163907. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mutual interactions of the phytohormones cytokinins and auxin determine root or shoot identity during postembryonic de novo organogenesis in plants. However, our understanding to the role of hormonal metabolism and perception during early stages of cell fate reprograming is still elusive.
In the hypocotyl explant assay, auxin activated root formation while cytokinins mediated early loss of the root identity, primordia disorganization and initiation of shoot development. Exogenous but also endogenous cytokinins influenced the initiation of newly formed organs as well as the pace of organ developmental sequence. The process of de novo shoot apical meristem establishment was accompanied by accumulation of endogenous cytokinins, differential regulation of genes for individual cytokinin receptors, strong activation of AHK4-mediated signalling and induction of shoot-specific homeodomain regulator WUSCHEL. The latter associated with upregulation of isopentenyladenine-type cytokinins, revealing higher shoot-forming potential when compared with trans-zeatin. Moreover, AHK4-controlled cytokinin signalling negatively regulated root stem cell organizer WUSCHEL RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 in the root quiescent centre. We propose an important role of endogenous cytokinin biosynthesis and AHK4-mediated cytokinin signalling in the control of de novo induced organ identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Pernisova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Grochova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Konecny
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plackova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CRH, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danka Harustiakova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tatsuo Kakimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, CRH, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and Functional Genomics and Proteomics, NCBR, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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194
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Abstract
As a representative form of plant senescence, leaf senescence has received the most attention during the last two decades. In this chapter we summarize the initiation of leaf senescence by various internal and external signals, the progression of senescence including switches in gene expression, as well as changes at the biochemical and cellular levels during leaf senescence. Impacts of leaf senescence in agriculture and genetic approaches that have been used in manipulating leaf senescence of crop plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.,Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoming Gao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongfeng Guo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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195
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Liu J, Moore S, Chen C, Lindsey K. Crosstalk Complexities between Auxin, Cytokinin, and Ethylene in Arabidopsis Root Development: From Experiments to Systems Modeling, and Back Again. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1480-1496. [PMID: 29162416 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how hormones and genes interact to coordinate plant growth in a changing environment is a major challenge in plant developmental biology. Auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene are three important hormones that regulate many aspects of plant development. This review critically evaluates the crosstalk between the three hormones in Arabidopsis root development. We integrate a variety of experimental data into a crosstalk network, which reveals multiple layers of complexity in auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene crosstalk. In particular, data integration reveals an additional, largely overlooked link between the ethylene and cytokinin pathways, which acts through a phosphorelay mechanism. This proposed link addresses outstanding questions on whether ethylene application promotes or inhibits receptor kinase activity of the ethylene receptors. Elucidating the complexity in auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene crosstalk requires a combined experimental and systems modeling approach. We evaluate important modeling efforts for establishing how crosstalk between auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene regulates patterning in root development. We discuss how a novel methodology that iteratively combines experiments with systems modeling analysis is essential for elucidating the complexity in crosstalk of auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene in root development. Finally, we discuss the future challenges from a combined experimental and modeling perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Liu
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Simon Moore
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
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196
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Tao J, Sun H, Gu P, Liang Z, Chen X, Lou J, Xu G, Zhang Y. A sensitive synthetic reporter for visualizing cytokinin signaling output in rice. PLANT METHODS 2017; 13:89. [PMID: 29090013 PMCID: PMC5658958 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-017-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokinins play many essential roles in plant growth and development, mainly through signal transduction pathways. Although the cytokinin signaling pathway in rice has been clarified, no synthetic reporter for cytokinin signaling output has been reported for rice. The sensitive synthetic reporter two-component signaling sensor (TCSn) is used in the model plant Arabidopsis; however, whether the reporter reflects the cytokinin signaling output pattern in rice remains unclear. RESULTS Early-cytokinin-responsive type-A OsRR-binding element (A/G)GAT(C/T) was more clustered in the 15 type-A OsRRs than in the 13 control genes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the relative expression of seven type-A OsRRs in roots and shoots was significantly induced by exogenous cytokinin application, and that of seven OsRRs, mainly in roots, was inhibited by exogenous auxin application. We constructed a transgenic rice plant harboring a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) driven by the synthetic promoter TCSn. TCSn::GUS was expressed in the meristem of germinated rice seed and rice seedlings. Furthermore, TCSn::GUS expression in rice seedlings was induced specifically by exogenous cytokinin application and decreased by exogenous auxin application. Moreover, no obvious reduction in GUS levels was observed after three generations of selfing of transgenic plants, indicating that TCSn::GUS is not subject to transgene silencing. CONCLUSIONS We report here a robust and sensitive synthetic sensor for monitoring the transcriptional output of the cytokinin signaling network in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Huwei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Pengyuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zhihao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xinni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jiajing Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Guohua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Low-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang1, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095 China
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197
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Dai X, Liu Z, Qiao M, Li J, Li S, Xiang F. ARR12 promotes de novo shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana via activation of WUSCHEL expression. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:747-758. [PMID: 28681564 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and cytokinin direct cell proliferation and differentiation during the in vitro culture of plant cells, but the molecular basis of these processes, especially de novo shoot regeneration, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we describe the regulatory control of shoot regeneration in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, based on the interaction of ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATOR12 (ARR12) and WUSCHEL (WUS). The major site of ARR12 expression coincided with the location where the shoot apical meristem (SAM) initiated. The arr12 mutants showed severely impaired shoot regeneration and reduced responsiveness to cytokinin; consistent with this, the overexpression of ARR12 enhanced shoot regeneration. Certain shoot meristem specification genes, notably WUSCHEL (WUS) and CLAVATA3, were significantly downregulated in the arr12 explants. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and transient activation assays demonstrated that ARR12 binds to the promoter of WUS. These observations indicate that during shoot regeneration, in vitro, ARR12 functions as a molecular link between cytokinin signaling and the expression of shoot meristem specification genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- Shandong Province Administration of Work Safety, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Juan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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198
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Dowd CD, Chronis D, Radakovic ZS, Siddique S, Schmülling T, Werner T, Kakimoto T, Grundler FMW, Mitchum MG. Divergent expression of cytokinin biosynthesis, signaling and catabolism genes underlying differences in feeding sites induced by cyst and root-knot nematodes. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:211-228. [PMID: 28746737 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cyst and root-knot nematodes are obligate parasites of economic importance with a remarkable ability to reprogram root cells into unique metabolically active feeding sites. Previous studies have suggested a role for cytokinin in feeding site formation induced by these two types of nematodes, but the mechanistic details have not yet been described. Using Arabidopsis as a host plant species, we conducted a comparative analysis of cytokinin genes in response to the beet cyst nematode (BCN), Heterodera schachtii, and the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita. We identified distinct differences in the expression of cytokinin biosynthesis, catabolism and signaling genes in response to infection by BCN and RKN, suggesting differential manipulation of the cytokinin pathway by these two nematode species. Furthermore, we evaluated Arabidopsis histidine kinase receptor mutant lines ahk2/3, ahk2/4 and ahk3/4 in response to RKN infection. Similar to our previous studies with BCN, these lines were significantly less susceptible to RKN without compromising nematode penetration, suggesting a requirement of cytokinin signaling in RKN feeding site formation. Moreover, an analysis of ahk double mutants using CycB1;1:GUS/ahk introgressed lines revealed contrasting differences in the cytokinin receptors mediating cell cycle activation in feeding sites induced by BCN and RKN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola D Dowd
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Demosthenis Chronis
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zoran S Radakovic
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmülling
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Institute of Biology/Applied Genetics, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tatsuo Kakimoto
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES - Molecular Phytomedicine, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Melissa G Mitchum
- Division of Plant Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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199
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Otrusinová O, Demo G, Padrta P, Jaseňáková Z, Pekárová B, Gelová Z, Szmitkowska A, Kadeřávek P, Jansen S, Zachrdla M, Klumpler T, Marek J, Hritz J, Janda L, Iwaï H, Wimmerová M, Hejátko J, Žídek L. Conformational dynamics are a key factor in signaling mediated by the receiver domain of a sensor histidine kinase from Arabidopsis thaliana. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17525-17540. [PMID: 28860196 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.790212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multistep phosphorelay (MSP) cascades mediate responses to a wide spectrum of stimuli, including plant hormonal signaling, but several aspects of MSP await elucidation. Here, we provide first insight into the key step of MSP-mediated phosphotransfer in a eukaryotic system, the phosphorylation of the receiver domain of the histidine kinase CYTOKININ-INDEPENDENT 1 (CKI1RD) from Arabidopsis thaliana We observed that the crystal structures of free, Mg2+-bound, and beryllofluoridated CKI1RD (a stable analogue of the labile phosphorylated form) were identical and similar to the active state of receiver domains of bacterial response regulators. However, the three CKI1RD variants exhibited different conformational dynamics in solution. NMR studies revealed that Mg2+ binding and beryllofluoridation alter the conformational equilibrium of the β3-α3 loop close to the phosphorylation site. Mutations that perturbed the conformational behavior of the β3-α3 loop while keeping the active-site aspartate intact resulted in suppression of CKI1 function. Mechanistically, homology modeling indicated that the β3-α3 loop directly interacts with the ATP-binding site of the CKI1 histidine kinase domain. The functional relevance of the conformational dynamics observed in the β3-α3 loop of CKI1RD was supported by a comparison with another A. thaliana histidine kinase, ETR1. In contrast to the highly dynamic β3-α3 loop of CKI1RD, the corresponding loop of the ETR1 receiver domain (ETR1RD) exhibited little conformational exchange and adopted a different orientation in crystals. Biochemical data indicated that ETR1RD is involved in phosphorylation-independent signaling, implying a direct link between conformational behavior and the ability of eukaryotic receiver domains to participate in MSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Otrusinová
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Gabriel Demo
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and
| | - Petr Padrta
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Zuzana Jaseňáková
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Blanka Pekárová
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Agnieszka Szmitkowska
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Pavel Kadeřávek
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Séverine Jansen
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Milan Zachrdla
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | | | - Jaromír Marek
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and
| | - Jozef Hritz
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and
| | - Lubomír Janda
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Hideo Iwaï
- the Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1 (P. O. Box 65), 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michaela Wimmerová
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Jan Hejátko
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and.,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
| | - Lukáš Žídek
- From the Central European Institute of Technology and .,Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic and
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200
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Sharan A, Soni P, Nongpiur RC, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Mapping the 'Two-component system' network in rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9287. [PMID: 28839155 PMCID: PMC5571105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08076-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-component system (TCS) in plants is a histidine to aspartate phosphorelay based signaling system. Rice genome has multifarious TCS signaling machinery comprising of 11 histidine kinases (OsHKs), 5 histidine phosphotransferases (OsHPTs) and 36 response regulators (OsRRs). However, how these TCS members interact with each other and comprehend diverse signaling cascades remains unmapped. Using a highly stringent yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) platform and extensive in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays, distinct arrays of interaction between various TCS proteins have been identified in the present study. Based on these results, an interactome map of TCS proteins has been assembled. This map clearly shows a cross talk in signaling, mediated by different sensory OsHKs. It also highlights OsHPTs as the interaction hubs, which interact with OsRRs, mostly in a redundant fashion. Remarkably, interactions between type-A and type-B OsRRs have also been revealed for the first time. These observations suggest that feedback regulation by type-A OsRRs may also be mediated by interference in signaling at the level of type-B OsRRs, in addition to OsHPTs, as known previously. The interactome map presented here provides a starting point for in-depth molecular investigations for signal(s) transmitted by various TCS modules into diverse biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharan
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Soni
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramsong Chantre Nongpiur
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
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