151
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Diamond A, Silverstein SM, Keane BP. Visual system assessment for predicting a transition to psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:351. [PMID: 36038544 PMCID: PMC9424317 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of psychiatry is far from perfect in predicting which individuals will transition to a psychotic disorder. Here, we argue that visual system assessment can help in this regard. Such assessments have generated medium-to-large group differences with individuals prior to or near the first psychotic episode or have shown little influence of illness duration in larger samples of more chronic patients. For example, self-reported visual perceptual distortions-so-called visual basic symptoms-occur in up to 2/3rds of those with non-affective psychosis and have already longitudinally predicted an impending onset of schizophrenia. Possibly predictive psychophysical markers include enhanced contrast sensitivity, prolonged backward masking, muted collinear facilitation, reduced stereoscopic depth perception, impaired contour and shape integration, and spatially restricted exploratory eye movements. Promising brain-based markers include visual thalamo-cortical hyperconnectivity, decreased occipital gamma band power during visual detection (MEG), and reduced visually evoked occipital P1 amplitudes (EEG). Potentially predictive retinal markers include diminished cone a- and b-wave amplitudes and an attenuated photopic flicker response during electroretinography. The foregoing assessments are often well-described mechanistically, implying that their findings could readily shed light on the underlying pathophysiological changes that precede or accompany a transition to psychosis. The retinal and psychophysical assessments in particular are inexpensive, well-tolerated, easy to administer, and brief, with few inclusion/exclusion criteria. Therefore, across all major levels of analysis-from phenomenology to behavior to brain and retinal functioning-visual system assessment could complement and improve upon existing methods for predicting which individuals go on to develop a psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Diamond
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian P Keane
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, 358 Meliora Hall, NY, Rochester, USA.
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152
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Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review of Etiopathogenetic, Diagnostic and Treatment Aspects. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175040. [PMID: 36078967 PMCID: PMC9457502 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although schizophrenia is currently conceptualized as being characterized as a syndrome that includes a collection of signs and symptoms, there is strong evidence of heterogeneous and complex underpinned etiological, etiopathogenetic, and psychopathological mechanisms, which are still under investigation. Therefore, the present viewpoint review is aimed at providing some insights into the recently investigated schizophrenia research fields in order to discuss the potential future research directions in schizophrenia research. The traditional schizophrenia construct and diagnosis were progressively revised and revisited, based on the recently emerging neurobiological, genetic, and epidemiological research. Moreover, innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are pointed to build a new construct, allowing the development of better clinical and treatment outcomes and characterization for schizophrenic individuals, considering a more patient-centered, personalized, and tailored-based dimensional approach. Further translational studies are needed in order to integrate neurobiological, genetic, and environmental studies into clinical practice and to help clinicians and researchers to understand how to redesign a new schizophrenia construct.
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153
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Zhuo C, Tian H, Chen J, Li Q, Yang L, Zhang Q, Chen G, Cheng L, Zhou C, Song X. Associations of cognitive impairment in patients with schizophrenia with genetic features and with schizophrenia-related structural and functional brain changes. Front Genet 2022; 13:880027. [PMID: 36061201 PMCID: PMC9437456 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.880027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with major psychiatric disorders (MPDs), including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, in whom it can be highly disruptive to community functioning and worsen prognosis. Previously, genetic factors and cognitive impairments in MPD patients have been examined mostly in isolated circuits rather than in the whole brain. In the present study, genetic, neuroimaging, and psychometric approaches were combined to investigate the relationship among genetic factors, alterations throughout the brain, and cognitive impairments in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with SCZ, with a reference healthy control (HC) group. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SCZ-risk genes were found to be strongly related to cognitive impairments as well as to gray matter volume (GMV) and functional connectivity (FC) alterations in the SCZ group. Annotating 136 high-ranking SNPs revealed 65 affected genes (including PPP1R16B, GBBR2, PDE4B, CANCNA1C, SLC12AB, SATB2, MAG12, and SATB2). Only one, a PDE4B SNP (rs1006737), correlated with GMV (r = 0:19 p = 0.015) and FC (r = 0.21, p = 0.0074) in SCZ patients. GMV and FC alterations correlated with one another broadly across brain regions. Moreover, the present data demonstrate three-way SNP-FC-GMV associations in patients with SCZ, thus providing clues regarding potential genetic bases of cognition impairments in SCZ. SNP-FC-GMV relationships correlated with visual learning and reasoning dimensions of cognition. These data provide evidence that SCZ-related cognitive impairments may reflect genetically underlain whole-brain structural and functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanjun Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Real Time Tracing of Brian Circuits in Psychiatry and Neurology (RTBNP_Lab), Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Digital Analysis Center of Psychiatry, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology Imaging-Genetics and Comorbidity Laboratory (PNGC_Lab) of Tianjin Mental Health Center, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Deep Learning Center of MRI and Genetics, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo, ; Xueqin Song,
| | - Hongjun Tian
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayue Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qianchen Li
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nankai University Affiliated Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin Fourth Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangdong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Langlang Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanjun Zhuo, ; Xueqin Song,
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154
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Pan C, Yu H, Fei X, Zheng X, Yu R. Temporal-spatial dynamic functional connectivity analysis in schizophrenia classification. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:965937. [PMID: 36061606 PMCID: PMC9428716 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.965937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) technology, the functional connectivity network (FCN) which reflects the statistical similarity of temporal activity between brain regions has shown promising results for the identification of neuropsychiatric disorders. Alteration in FCN is believed to have the potential to locate biomarkers for classifying or predicting schizophrenia (SZ) from healthy control. However, the traditional FCN analysis with stationary assumption, i.e., static functional connectivity network (SFCN) at the time only measures the simple functional connectivity among brain regions, ignoring the dynamic changes of functional connectivity and the high-order dynamic interactions. In this article, the dynamic functional connectivity network (DFCN) is constructed to delineate the characteristic of connectivity variation across time. A high-order functional connectivity network (HFCN) designed based on DFCN, could characterize more complex spatial interactions across multiple brain regions with the potential to reflect complex functional segregation and integration. Specifically, the temporal variability and the high-order network topology features, which characterize the brain FCNs from region and connectivity aspects, are extracted from DFCN and HFCN, respectively. Experiment results on SZ identification prove that our method is more effective (i.e., obtaining a significantly higher classification accuracy, 81.82%) than other competing methods. Post hoc inspection of the informative features in the individualized classification task further could serve as the potential biomarkers for identifying associated aberrant connectivity in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Pan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifei Yu
- Aviation Maintenance NCO Academy, Air Force Engineering University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xuan Fei
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xingjuan Zheng
- Gaoyou Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Gaoyou, China
| | - Renping Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Brain-Computer Interface Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Renping Yu,
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155
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Paul AK, Bose A, Kalmady SV, Shivakumar V, Sreeraj VS, Parlikar R, Narayanaswamy JC, Dursun SM, Greenshaw AJ, Greiner R, Venkatasubramanian G. Superior temporal gyrus functional connectivity predicts transcranial direct current stimulation response in Schizophrenia: A machine learning study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:923938. [PMID: 35990061 PMCID: PMC9388779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.923938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a promising adjuvant treatment for persistent auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in Schizophrenia (SZ). Nonetheless, there is considerable inter-patient variability in the treatment response of AVH to tDCS in SZ. Machine-learned models have the potential to predict clinical response to tDCS in SZ. This study aims to examine the feasibility of identifying SZ patients with persistent AVH (SZ-AVH) who will respond to tDCS based on resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC). Thirty-four SZ-AVH patients underwent resting-state functional MRI at baseline followed by add-on, twice-daily, 20-min sessions with tDCS (conventional/high-definition) for 5 days. A machine learning model was developed to identify tDCS treatment responders based on the rs-FC pattern, using the left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) as the seed region. Functional connectivity between LSTG and brain regions involved in auditory and sensorimotor processing emerged as the important predictors of the tDCS treatment response. L1-regularized logistic regression model had an overall accuracy of 72.5% in classifying responders vs. non-responders. This model outperformed the state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks (CNN) model-both without (59.41%) and with pre-training (68.82%). It also outperformed the L1-logistic regression model trained with baseline demographic features and clinical scores of SZ patients. This study reports the first evidence that rs-fMRI-derived brain connectivity pattern can predict the clinical response of persistent AVH to add-on tDCS in SZ patients with 72.5% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Kumar Paul
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anushree Bose
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sunil Vasu Kalmady
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Venkataram Shivakumar
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Vanteemar S Sreeraj
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rujuta Parlikar
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Janardhanan C Narayanaswamy
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Serdar M Dursun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Russell Greiner
- Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
- Schizophrenia Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Neurobiology Research Centre, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, India
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156
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Olfactory impairment in psychiatric disorders: Does nasal inflammation impact disease psychophysiology? Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:314. [PMID: 35927242 PMCID: PMC9352903 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02081-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory impairments contribute to the psychopathology of mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and depression. Recent neuroscience research has shed light on the previously underappreciated olfactory neural circuits involved in regulation of higher brain functions. Although environmental factors such as air pollutants and respiratory viral infections are known to contribute to the risk for psychiatric disorders, the role of nasal inflammation in neurobehavioral outcomes and disease pathophysiology remains poorly understood. Here, we will first provide an overview of published findings on the impact of nasal inflammation in the olfactory system. We will then summarize clinical studies on olfactory impairments in schizophrenia and depression, followed by preclinical evidence on the neurobehavioral outcomes produced by olfactory dysfunction. Lastly, we will discuss the potential impact of nasal inflammation on brain development and function, as well as how we can address the role of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders. Considering the current outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which often causes nasal inflammation and serious adverse effects for olfactory function that might result in long-lasting neuropsychiatric sequelae, this line of research is particularly critical to understanding of the potential significance of nasal inflammation in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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157
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Boudriot E, Schworm B, Slapakova L, Hanken K, Jäger I, Stephan M, Gabriel V, Ioannou G, Melcher J, Hasanaj G, Campana M, Moussiopoulou J, Löhrs L, Hasan A, Falkai P, Pogarell O, Priglinger S, Keeser D, Kern C, Wagner E, Raabe FJ. Optical coherence tomography reveals retinal thinning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 273:575-588. [PMID: 35930031 PMCID: PMC10085905 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-022-01455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) are presumed to be associated with retinal thinning. However, evidence is lacking as to whether these retinal alterations reflect a disease-specific process or are rather a consequence of comorbid diseases or concomitant microvascular impairment. METHODS The study included 126 eyes of 65 patients with SSDs and 143 eyes of 72 healthy controls. We examined macula and optic disc measures by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A). Additive mixed models were used to assess the impact of SSDs on retinal thickness and perfusion and to explore the association of retinal and clinical disease-related parameters by controlling for several ocular and systemic covariates (age, sex, spherical equivalent, intraocular pressure, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, and OCT signal strength). RESULTS OCT revealed significantly lower parafoveal macular, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL), and macular retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and thinner mean and superior peripapillary RNFL in SSDs. In contrast, the applied OCT-A investigations, which included macular and peripapillary perfusion density, macular vessel density, and size of the foveal avascular zone, did not reveal any significant between-group differences. Finally, a longer duration of illness and higher chlorpromazine equivalent doses were associated with lower parafoveal macular and macular RNFL thickness. CONCLUSIONS This study strengthens the evidence for disease-related retinal thinning in SSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Boudriot
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schworm
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lenka Slapakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hanken
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Jäger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Stephan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Gabriel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Georgios Ioannou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Julian Melcher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Genc Hasanaj
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Mattia Campana
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Joanna Moussiopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Löhrs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Siegfried Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.,NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.,Munich Center for Neurosciences (MCN), LMU Munich, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Christoph Kern
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian J Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), 80804, Munich, Germany.
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158
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Schneider M, Müller CP, Knies AK. Low income and schizophrenia risk: a narrative review. Behav Brain Res 2022; 435:114047. [PMID: 35933046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the precise etiology of schizophrenia is not fully understood. Ample evidence indicates that the disorder derives from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors during vulnerable stages of brain maturation. Among the plethora of risk factors investigated, stress, pre- and perinatal insults, and cannabis use have been repeatedly highlighted as crucial environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. Compelling findings from population-based longitudinal studies suggest low income as an additional risk factor for future schizophrenia diagnosis, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this narrative review, we 1) summarize the literature in support of a relationship between low (parental) income and schizophrenia risk, and 2) explore the mediating role of chronic stress, pre- and perinatal factors, and cannabis use as established risk factors for schizophrenia. Our review describes how low income facilitates the occurrence and severity of these established risk factors and thus contributes to schizophrenia liability. The broadest influence of low income was identified for stress, as low income was found to be associated with exposure to a multitude of severe psychological and physiological stressors. This narrative review adds to the growing literature reporting a close relationship between income and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Schneider
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Management, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria.
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Andrea K Knies
- Department of Scientific Coordination and Management, Danube Private University, 3500 Krems-Stein, Austria
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159
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Lee J, Song S, Lee J, Kang J, Choe EK, Lee TY, Chon MW, Kim M, Kim SW, Chun MS, Chang MS, Kwon JS. Impaired migration of autologous induced neural stem cells from patients with schizophrenia and implications for genetic risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:225-234. [PMID: 35810486 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell technologies have presented explicit evidence of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia. However, few studies investigated relevance of the schizophrenia genetic liability and the use of genetic reprogramming on pluripotent stem cells to the impaired neurodevelopment shown by stem cells. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the cellular phenotypes of induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) derived without genetic modification from patients with schizophrenia and from genetic high risk (GHR) individuals. Three patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, 3 GHR individuals who had two or more relatives with schizophrenia, and 3 healthy volunteers participated. iNSCs were derived using a small molecule-based lineage switch method, and their gene expression levels and migration capabilities were examined. Demographic characteristics were not different among the groups (age, χ2 = 5.637, P = .060; education, χ2 = 2.111, P = .348). All participants stayed well during the follow-up except one GHR individual who developed psychosis 1.5 years later. Migration capacity was impaired in iNSCs from patients with schizophrenia (SZ-iNSCs) compared to iNSCs from GHR individuals or controls (P < .001). iNSCs from a GHR individual who later developed schizophrenia showed migratory impairment that was similar to SZ-iNSCs. Gene expression levels of Sox2 in SZ-iNSCs were significantly lower than those in controls (P = .028). Defective migration in genetically unmodified SZ-iNSCs is the first direct demonstration of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in schizophrenia. Additionally, alterations in gene expression in SZ-iNSCs suggest mechanisms by which genetic liability leads to aberrant neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Lee
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, 11759 Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeon Song
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Lee
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choe
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, 06236 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, 50612 Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Wuk Chon
- National Center for Mental Health, 04933 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 05505 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Suk Chun
- National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 02792 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell & Neurobiology, Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 03080 Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, 08826 Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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160
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Investigating the Role of GABA in Neural Development and Disease Using Mice Lacking GAD67 or VGAT Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147965. [PMID: 35887307 PMCID: PMC9318753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal development and function of the central nervous system involves a balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Activity of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons is modulated by inhibitory signalling of the GABAergic and glycinergic systems. Mechanisms that regulate formation, maturation, refinement, and maintenance of inhibitory synapses are established in early life. Deviations from ideal excitatory and inhibitory balance, such as down-regulated inhibition, are linked with many neurological diseases, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, anxiety, and autism spectrum disorders. In the mammalian forebrain, GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, binding to GABA receptors, opening chloride channels and hyperpolarizing the cell. We review the involvement of down-regulated inhibitory signalling in neurological disorders, possible mechanisms for disease progression, and targets for therapeutic intervention. We conclude that transgenic models of disrupted inhibitory signalling—in GAD67+/− and VGAT−/− mice—are useful for investigating the effects of down-regulated inhibitory signalling in a range of neurological diseases.
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Bridgwater M, Bachman P, Tervo-Clemmens B, Haas G, Hayes R, Luna B, Salisbury DF, Jalbrzikowski M. Developmental influences on symptom expression in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode psychosis. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1698-1709. [PMID: 33019960 PMCID: PMC8021611 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurodevelopmental model of psychosis was established over 30 years ago; however, the developmental influence on psychotic symptom expression - how age affects clinical presentation in first-episode psychosis - has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Using generalized additive modeling, which allows for linear and non-linear functional forms of age-related change, we leveraged symptom data from a large sample of antipsychotic-naïve individuals with first-episode psychosis (N = 340, 12-40 years, 1-12 visits), collected at the University of Pittsburgh from 1990 to 2017. We examined relationships between age and severity of perceptual and non-perceptual positive symptoms and negative symptoms. We tested for age-associated effects on change in positive or negative symptom severity following baseline assessment and explored the time-varying relationship between perceptual and non-perceptual positive symptoms across adolescent development. RESULTS Perceptual positive symptom severity significantly decreased with increasing age (F = 7.0, p = 0.0007; q = 0.003) while non-perceptual positive symptom severity increased with age (F = 4.1, p = 0.01, q = 0.02). Anhedonia severity increased with increasing age (F = 6.7, p = 0.00035; q = 0.0003), while flat affect decreased in severity with increased age (F = 9.8, p = 0.002; q = 0.006). Findings remained significant when parental SES, IQ, and illness duration were included as covariates. There were no developmental effects on change in positive or negative symptom severity (all p > 0.25). Beginning at age 18, there was a statistically significant association between severity of non-perceptual and perceptual symptoms. This relationship increased in strength throughout adulthood. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that as maturation proceeds, perceptual symptoms attenuate while non-perceptual symptoms are enhanced. Findings underscore how pathological brain-behavior relationships vary as a function of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Bridgwater
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Bachman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Gretchen Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- VISN4 MIRECC at VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatriz Luna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dean F Salisbury
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Maria Jalbrzikowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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162
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WHODAS 2.0: Associations of functional disability with sex, age, and length of care in outpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 313:114583. [PMID: 35533470 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disabling mental disorder that is associated with impairments in both social and occupational functioning. Few studies, however, have explored functional domains of disability and its associations with age, sex, and length of care. As part of a hospital quality improvement initiative, data were collected on outpatients' age, sex, length of care, and levels of disability (using the WHODAS 2.0; N=180; M=45.72; 68% male). Mean disability summary and domain scores were compared with population norms from international samples and two published studies in schizophrenia. A series of three-way ANOVAs and post-hoc tests evaluated differences in levels of disability based on age, sex, and length of care categories. Sample mean summary scores were comparable to published studies in schizophrenia (M=24.81; SD=17.37; 85th percentile). Statistically significant main effects of sex and age on summary and domain-specific scores were found, whereas length of care was not significant. A statistically significant three-way interaction of sex x length of care x age was found for summary and mobility scores. Findings provide support for the reliability and validity of the WHODAS 2.0 in outpatients with schizophrenia. Although causal inferences cannot be made, findings show that age and sex are important factors to consider in addressing disability.
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163
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Song P, Wang Y, Yuan X, Wang S, Song X. Exploring Brain Structural and Functional Biomarkers in Schizophrenia via Brain-Network-Constrained Multi-View SCCA. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:879703. [PMID: 35794950 PMCID: PMC9252525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.879703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have proved that dynamic regional measures extracted from the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, such as the dynamic fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (d-fALFF), could provide a great insight into brain dynamic characteristics of the schizophrenia. However, the unimodal feature is limited for delineating the complex patterns of brain deficits. Thus, functional and structural imaging data are usually analyzed together for uncovering the neural mechanism of schizophrenia. Investigation of neural function-structure coupling enables to find the potential biomarkers and further helps to understand the biological basis of schizophrenia. Here, a brain-network-constrained multi-view sparse canonical correlation analysis (BN-MSCCA) was proposed to explore the intrinsic associations between brain structure and dynamic brain function. Specifically, the d-fALFF was first acquired based on the sliding window method, whereas the gray matter map was computed based on voxel-based morphometry analysis. Then, the region-of-interest (ROI)-based features were extracted and further selected by performing the multi-view sparse canonical correlation analysis jointly with the diagnosis information. Moreover, the brain-network-based structural constraint was introduced to prompt the detected biomarkers more interpretable. The experiments were conducted on 191 patients with schizophrenia and 191 matched healthy controls. Results showed that the BN-MSCCA could identify the critical ROIs with more sparse canonical weight patterns, which are corresponding to the specific brain networks. These are biologically meaningful findings and could be treated as the potential biomarkers. The proposed method also obtained a higher canonical correlation coefficient for the testing data, which is more consistent with the results on training data, demonstrating its promising capability for the association identification. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the potential clinical applications, the detected biomarkers were further analyzed on a schizophrenia-control classification task and a correlation analysis task. The experimental results showed that our method had a superior performance with a 5-8% increment in accuracy and 6-10% improvement in area under the curve. Furthermore, two of the top-ranked biomarkers were significantly negatively correlated with the positive symptom score of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Overall, the proposed method could find the association between brain structure and dynamic brain function, and also help to identify the biological meaningful biomarkers of schizophrenia. The findings enable our further understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilun Song
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuxia Yuan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueqin Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Biological Psychiatry International Joint Laboratory of Henan/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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164
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Cervenka S, Frick A, Bodén R, Lubberink M. Application of positron emission tomography in psychiatry-methodological developments and future directions. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:248. [PMID: 35701411 PMCID: PMC9198063 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders represent an increasing source of disability and high costs for societies globally. Molecular imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) represent powerful tools with the potential to advance knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, allowing the development of new treatment approaches. Thus far, most PET research on pathophysiology in psychiatric disorders has focused on the monoaminergic neurotransmission systems, and although a series of discoveries have been made, the results have not led to any material changes in clinical practice. We outline areas of methodological development that can address some of the important obstacles to fruitful progress. First, we point towards new radioligands and targets that can lead to the identification of processes upstream, or parallel to disturbances in monoaminergic systems. Second, we describe the development of new methods of PET data quantification and PET systems that may facilitate research in psychiatric populations. Third, we review the application of multimodal imaging that can link molecular imaging data to other aspects of brain function, thus deepening our understanding of disease processes. Fourth, we highlight the need to develop imaging study protocols to include longitudinal and interventional paradigms, as well as frameworks to assess dimensional symptoms such that the field can move beyond cross-sectional studies within current diagnostic boundaries. Particular effort should be paid to include also the most severely ill patients. Finally, we discuss the importance of harmonizing data collection and promoting data sharing to reach the desired sample sizes needed to fully capture the phenotype of psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Cervenka
- Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Frick
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Bodén
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mark Lubberink
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Lubotzky A, Pelov I, Teplitz R, Neiman D, Smadja A, Zemmour H, Piyanzin S, Ochana BL, Spalding KL, Glaser B, Shemer R, Dor Y, Kohn Y. Elevated brain-derived cell-free DNA among patients with first psychotic episode - a proof-of-concept study. eLife 2022; 11:76391. [PMID: 35699419 PMCID: PMC9203052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common, severe, and debilitating psychiatric disorder. Despite extensive research there is as yet no biological marker that can aid in its diagnosis and course prediction. This precludes early detection and intervention. Imaging studies suggest brain volume loss around the onset and over the first few years of schizophrenia, and apoptosis has been proposed as the underlying mechanism. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) fragments are released into the bloodstream following cell death. Tissue-specific methylation patterns allow the identification of the tissue origins of cfDNA. We developed a cocktail of brain-specific DNA methylation markers, and used it to assess the presence of brain-derived cfDNA in the plasma of patients with a first psychotic episode. We detected significantly elevated neuron- (p=0.0013), astrocyte- (p=0.0016), oligodendrocyte- (p=0.0129), and whole brain-derived (p=0.0012) cfDNA in the plasma of patients during their first psychotic episode (n=29), compared with healthy controls (n=31). Increased cfDNA levels were not correlated with psychotropic medications use. Area under the curve (AUC) was 0.77, with 65% sensitivity at 90% specificity in patients with a psychotic episode. Potential interpretations of these findings include increased brain cell death, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, or a defect in clearance of material from dying brain cells. Brain-specific cfDNA methylation markers can potentially assist early detection and monitoring of schizophrenia and thus allow early intervention and adequate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asael Lubotzky
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ilana Pelov
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Eitanim Psychiatric Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronen Teplitz
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Eitanim Psychiatric Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Neiman
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adama Smadja
- Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hai Zemmour
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sheina Piyanzin
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bracha-Lea Ochana
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Glaser
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Hadassah Medical Organization and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ruth Shemer
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Dor
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, the Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Kohn
- Jerusalem Mental Health Center, Eitanim Psychiatric Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.,Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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166
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Oh HS, Lee BJ, Lee YS, Jang OJ, Nakagami Y, Inada T, Kato TA, Kanba S, Chong MY, Lin SK, Si T, Xiang YT, Avasthi A, Grover S, Kallivayalil RA, Pariwatcharakul P, Chee KY, Tanra AJ, Rabbani G, Javed A, Kathiarachchi S, Myint WA, Cuong TV, Wang Y, Sim K, Sartorius N, Tan CH, Shinfuku N, Park YC, Park SC. Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Prediction Model for the Augmented Use of Clozapine with Electroconvulsive Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia. J Pers Med 2022; 12:969. [PMID: 35743753 PMCID: PMC9224640 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The augmentation of clozapine with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been an optimal treatment option for patients with treatment- or clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. Using data from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics survey, which was the largest international psychiatry research collaboration in Asia, our study aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm-based substantial prediction model for the augmented use of clozapine with ECT in patients with schizophrenia in terms of precision medicine. A random forest model and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model were used to develop a substantial prediction model for the augmented use of clozapine with ECT. Among the 3744 Asian patients with schizophrenia, those treated with a combination of clozapine and ECT were characterized by significantly greater proportions of females and inpatients, a longer duration of illness, and a greater prevalence of negative symptoms and social or occupational dysfunction than those not treated. In the random forest model, the area under the curve (AUC), which was the most preferred indicator of the prediction model, was 0.774. The overall accuracy was 0.817 (95% confidence interval, 0.793−0.839). Inpatient status was the most important variable in the substantial prediction model, followed by BMI, age, social or occupational dysfunction, persistent symptoms, illness duration > 20 years, and others. Furthermore, the AUC and overall accuracy of the LASSO model were 0.831 and 0.644 (95% CI, 0.615−0.672), respectively. Despite the subtle differences in both AUC and overall accuracy of the random forest model and LASSO model, the important variables were commonly shared by the two models. Using the machine learning algorithm, our findings allow the development of a substantial prediction model for the augmented use of clozapine with ECT in Asian patients with schizophrenia. This substantial prediction model can support further studies to develop a substantial prediction model for the augmented use of clozapine with ECT in patients with schizophrenia in a strict epidemiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Seok Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon 35356, Korea;
| | - Bong Ju Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan 48108, Korea;
| | - Yu Sang Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yong-In Mental Hospital, Yongin 17089, Korea;
| | - Ok-Jin Jang
- Department of Psychiatry, Bugok National Hospital, Changyeong 50365, Korea;
| | - Yukako Nakagami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan;
| | - Toshiya Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Takahiro A. Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (T.A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Mian-Yoon Chong
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung & Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Sih-Ku Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Tianmei Si
- Peking Institute of Mental Health (PIMH), Peking University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China;
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (A.A.); (S.G.)
| | - Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India; (A.A.); (S.G.)
| | | | - Pornjira Pariwatcharakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kok Yoon Chee
- Tunku Abdul Rahman Institute of Neuroscience, Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Kuala Lumpur 502586, Malaysia;
| | - Andi J. Tanra
- Wahidin Sudirohusodo University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia;
| | - Golam Rabbani
- National Institute of Mental Health, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Afzal Javed
- Pakistan Psychiatric Research Centre, Fountain House, Lahore 39020, Pakistan;
| | - Samudra Kathiarachchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka;
| | - Win Aung Myint
- Department of Mental Health, University of Medicine (1), Yangon 15032, Myanmar;
| | | | - Yuxi Wang
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (Y.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (Y.W.); (K.S.)
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Norman Sartorius
- Association of the Improvement of Mental Health Programs (AMH), 1209 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Naotaka Shinfuku
- Department of Social Welfare, School of Human Sciences, Seinan Gakuin University, Fukuoka 814-8511, Japan;
| | - Yong Chon Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea
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167
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Takahashi T, Sasabayashi D, Yücel M, Whittle S, Lorenzetti V, Walterfang M, Suzuki M, Pantelis C, Malhi GS, Allen NB. Different Frequency of Heschl’s Gyrus Duplication Patterns in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: An MRI Study in Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:917270. [PMID: 35769254 PMCID: PMC9234751 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.917270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased prevalence of duplicated Heschl’s gyrus (HG) has been repeatedly demonstrated in various stages of schizophrenia as a potential neurodevelopmental marker, but it remains unknown whether other neuropsychiatric disorders also exhibit this macroscopic brain feature. The present magnetic resonance imaging study aimed to examine the disease specificity of the established finding of altered HG patterns in schizophrenia by examining independent cohorts of bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Twenty-six BD patients had a significantly higher prevalence of HG duplication bilaterally compared to 24 age- and sex-matched controls, while their clinical characteristics (e.g., onset age, number of episodes, and medication) did not relate to HG patterns. No significant difference was found for the HG patterns between 56 MDD patients and 33 age- and sex-matched controls, but the patients with a single HG were characterized by more severe depressive/anxiety symptoms compared to those with a duplicated HG. Thus, in keeping with previous findings, the present study suggests that neurodevelopmental pathology associated with gyral formation of the HG during the late gestation period partly overlaps between schizophrenia and BD, but that HG patterns may make a somewhat distinct contribution to the phenomenology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Tsutomu Takahashi,
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Murat Yücel
- Brain Park, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Valentina Lorenzetti
- Neuroscience of Addiction and Mental Health Program, Healthy Brain and Mind Research Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Walterfang
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Gin S. Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CADE Clinic, Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas B. Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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168
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Lu J, Chen YF. Consideration of the adaptive randomization allocation ratio in the presence of treatment group heteroscedasticity in clinical trials. J Biopharm Stat 2022; 32:511-526. [PMID: 35695576 DOI: 10.1080/10543406.2022.2080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
For randomized clinical trials, subjects' variance structures may vary over time among treatment groups, resulting in the heteroscedasticity of residuals in a regression analysis. Commonly used methods that assume equal variance among all treatment groups may not be able to control for a type I error. When the variances are indeed the same across treatment groups, an equal randomization allocation ratio will yield the greatest study power. However, out of ethical concern or urgent need for rare disease clinical trials, more patients may have to be allocated to the study drug arm. In these situations, an unequal randomization ratio should be considered. We propose a group variance-covariance and structures-based method to adapt the randomization ratio after interim analysis. We use simulations to compare commonly used statistical methods for continuous endpoints in assessing the impact of heteroscedasticity in equal and unequal randomization ratios and examine the extent to which the findings are affected by missing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashen Lu
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yeh-Fong Chen
- Division of Biometrics IX, Office of Biostatistics, US Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Maryland, United States
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169
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Bortolin K, Delavari F, Preti MG, Sandini C, Mancini V, Mullier E, Van De Ville D, Eliez S. Neural substrates of psychosis revealed by altered dependencies between brain activity and white-matter architecture in individuals with 22q11 deletion syndrome. NEUROIMAGE: CLINICAL 2022; 35:103075. [PMID: 35717884 PMCID: PMC9218553 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Function-structural dependency is altered in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome. Stronger dependency in subcortical regions correlates with psychotic symptoms. Weaker dependency in cingulate cortex correlates with psychotic symptoms. Multimodal and not unimodal indexes were correlated with psychosis emergence.
Background Dysconnectivity has been consistently proposed as a major key mechanism in psychosis. Indeed, disruptions in large-scale structural and functional brain networks have been associated with psychotic symptoms. However, brain activity is largely constrained by underlying white matter pathways and the study of function-structure dependency, compared to conventional unimodal analysis, allows a biologically relevant assessment of neural mechanisms. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) constitutes a remarkable opportunity to study the pathophysiological processes of psychosis. Methods 58 healthy controls and 57 deletion carriers, aged from 16 to 32 years old, underwent resting-state functional and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Deletion carriers were additionally fully assessed for psychotic symptoms. Firstly, we used a graph signal processing method to combine brain activity and structural connectivity measures to obtain regional structural decoupling indexes (SDIs). We use SDI to assess the differences of functional structural dependency (FSD) across the groups. Subsequently we investigated how alterations in FSDs are associated with the severity of positive psychotic symptoms in participants with 22q11DS. Results In line with previous findings, participants in both groups showed a spatial gradient of FSD ranging from sensory-motor regions (stronger FSD) to regions involved in higher-order function (weaker FSD). Compared to controls, in participants with 22q11DS, and further in deletion carriers with more severe positive psychotic symptoms, the functional activity was more strongly dependent on the structure in parahippocampal gyrus and subcortical dopaminergic regions, while it was less dependent within the cingulate cortex. This analysis revealed group differences not otherwise detected when assessing the structural and functional nodal measures separately. Conclusions Our findings point toward a disrupted modulation of functional activity on the underlying structure, which was further associated to psychopathology for candidate critical regions in 22q11DS. This study provides the first evidence for the clinical relevance of function-structure dependency and its contribution to the emergence of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bortolin
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farnaz Delavari
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Maria Giulia Preti
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Corrado Sandini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emeline Mullier
- Autism Brain and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Medical Image Processing Laboratory, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
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170
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Kim NG, Effken JA. Disturbance of Ecological Self and Impairment of Affordance Perception. Front Psychol 2022; 13:925359. [PMID: 35734450 PMCID: PMC9207710 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Affordance, a radical concept James Gibson introduced in the 1970s, remains controversial today. Defined as environmental properties taken with reference to an animal's anatomy and action capabilities, affordances are opportunities for action the environment offers. By perceiving affordances, organisms hold meaningful relationships with their surroundings. Affordance is not just a theoretical concept but, as the embodiment of meanings and values, has serious psychological implications. We contend that the lack of these meanings and values underlies the irrational behavior seen in patients with self disorders such as schizophrenia. We reason that it is by perceiving affordances that individuals keep in touch with their surroundings and stay mentally healthy. Using contrapositive reasoning, the reverse could also be true. That is, when individuals experience difficulty maintaining meaningful relations with their surroundings and suffer from mental health problems, we might anticipate that their affordance detection systems are impaired. In two studies conducted in our laboratory, patients with schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease were shown to have impaired capacity to perceive affordances, a result qualifying as contra-positive evidence corroborating the affordance concept. In addition, our results provide support for accepting contra-positive evidence as a complementary tool to positive evidence for empirically validating concepts such as affordance and meaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gyoon Kim
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Judith A. Effken
- College of Nursing, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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171
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Takahashi T, Wood SJ, Yung AR, Nelson B, Lin A, Yuen HP, Phillips LJ, Suzuki M, McGorry PD, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C. Pineal morphology of the clinical high-risk state for psychosis and different psychotic disorders. Schizophr Res 2022; 244:1-7. [PMID: 35487129 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pineal volume reductions have been reported in schizophrenia and clinical high-risk states for the development of psychosis, supporting the role of melatonin dysregulation in the pathophysiology of psychosis. However, it remains unclear whether pineal volume is associated with the later onset of psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis or if pineal atrophy is specific to schizophrenia among different psychotic disorders. METHODS This magnetic resonance imaging study examined the volume of and cyst prevalence in the pineal gland in 135 individuals at CHR of psychosis [52 (38.5%) subsequently developed psychosis], 162 with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 89 with chronic schizophrenia, and 87 healthy controls. The potential contribution of the pineal morphology to clinical characteristics was also examined in the CHR and FEP groups. RESULTS Pineal volumes did not differ significantly between the CHR, FEP, and chronic schizophrenia groups, but were significantly smaller than that in healthy controls. However, pineal volumes were not associated with the later onset of psychosis in the CHR group or FEP sub-diagnosis (i.e., schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, affective psychosis, and other psychoses). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of pineal cysts between the groups, and it also did not correlate with clinical characteristics in the CHR and FEP groups. CONCLUSION These results suggest that pineal atrophy is a general vulnerability marker of psychosis, while pineal cysts do not appear to contribute to the pathophysiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
| | - Stephen J Wood
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Lisa J Phillips
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; North Western Mental Health, Western Hospital Sunshine, St. Albans, Victoria, Australia
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172
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Bellon A, Feuillet V, Cortez-Resendiz A, Mouaffak F, Kong L, Hong LE, De Godoy L, Jay TM, Hosmalin A, Krebs MO. Dopamine-induced pruning in monocyte-derived-neuronal-like cells (MDNCs) from patients with schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2787-2802. [PMID: 35365810 PMCID: PMC9156413 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The long lapse between the presumptive origin of schizophrenia (SCZ) during early development and its diagnosis in late adolescence has hindered the study of crucial neurodevelopmental processes directly in living patients. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter consistently associated with the pathophysiology of SCZ, participates in several aspects of brain development including pruning of neuronal extensions. Excessive pruning is considered the cause of the most consistent finding in SCZ, namely decreased brain volume. It is therefore possible that patients with SCZ carry an increased susceptibility to dopamine's pruning effects and that this susceptibility would be more obvious in the early stages of neuronal development when dopamine pruning effects appear to be more prominent. Obtaining developing neurons from living patients is not feasible. Instead, we used Monocyte-Derived-Neuronal-like Cells (MDNCs) as these cells can be generated in only 20 days and deliver reproducible results. In this study, we expanded the number of individuals in whom we tested the reproducibility of MDNCs. We also deepened the characterization of MDNCs by comparing its neurostructure to that of human developing neurons. Moreover, we studied MDNCs from 12 controls and 13 patients with SCZ. Patients' cells differentiate more efficiently, extend longer secondary neurites and grow more primary neurites. In addition, MDNCs from medicated patients expresses less D1R and prune more primary neurites when exposed to dopamine. Haloperidol did not influence our results but the role of other antipsychotics was not examined and thus, needs to be considered as a confounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Bellon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Alonso Cortez-Resendiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Faycal Mouaffak
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Pôle de Psychiatrie d'Adultes 93G04, EPS Ville Evrard, Saint Denis, France
| | - Lan Kong
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Therese M Jay
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne Hosmalin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Groupe-Hospitalo-Universitaire de Paris, Psychiatrie et Neuroscience, Pôle PEPIT, University of Paris, Paris, France
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173
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Algumaei AH, Algunaid RF, Rushdi MA, Yassine IA. Feature and decision-level fusion for schizophrenia detection based on resting-state fMRI data. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265300. [PMID: 35609033 PMCID: PMC9129055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders, especially schizophrenia, still pose a great challenge for diagnosis in early stages. Recently, computer-aided diagnosis techniques based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (Rs-fMRI) have been developed to tackle this challenge. In this work, we investigate different decision-level and feature-level fusion schemes for discriminating between schizophrenic and normal subjects. Four types of fMRI features are investigated, namely the regional homogeneity, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity, fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations. Data denoising and preprocessing were first applied, followed by the feature extraction module. Four different feature selection algorithms were applied, and the best discriminative features were selected using the algorithm of feature selection via concave minimization (FSV). Support vector machine classifiers were trained and tested on the COBRE dataset formed of 70 schizophrenic subjects and 70 healthy subjects. The decision-level fusion method outperformed the single-feature-type approaches and achieved a 97.85% accuracy, a 98.33% sensitivity, a 96.83% specificity. Moreover, feature-fusion scheme resulted in a 98.57% accuracy, a 99.71% sensitivity, a 97.66% specificity, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.9984. In general, decision-level and feature-level fusion schemes boosted the performance of schizophrenia detectors based on fMRI features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H. Algumaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rami F. Algunaid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Muhammad A. Rushdi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas A. Yassine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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174
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Identification of Peripheral Blood miRNA Biomarkers in First-Episode Drug-Free Schizophrenia Patients Using Bioinformatics Strategy. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4730-4746. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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175
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Clinical high risk for psychosis in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis of transition prevalences. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:254-261. [PMID: 32307261 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The strategic value of early, preventive intervention in psychosis has been a catalytic stepping stone to promoting early intervention in Mental Health. Central to such momentum is the construct of clinical high risk states for psychosis (CHR). While CHR emerge in developmental years, the meta-analytical risk of psychosis among children and adolescents (age 9-18 years) at CHR is still unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines including all studies that assessed CHR in children and adolescents (age ≤ 18 years) with validated instruments and provided follow-data on transition to psychosis up to December 31, 2018. We identified 11 eligible studies. Mean age was 15.8 ± 0.8 years, range: 13.8 to 16.8. Transition to psychosis occurred in 93 CHR subjects out of 533 that were enrolled at inception, over a follow-up period ranging from 6 to 72 months. Conversion prevalence was 17.5% (95% CI: 9.9% to 26.5%) in the random-effects model (Q = 30.9; p < .001; I2 = 68%), and slightly lower (16.0; 12.9% to 19.5%) in the fixed-effect model. Gender ratio, the criteria used to diagnose the CHR status, and quality of studies had an impact on the estimates of conversion prevalence in the intention-to-treat model without the outlier. Studies of fair quality produced lower estimates of conversion prevalence (11%; 95% CI: 2% to 24%) than those produced by studies of good quality (19%; 95% CI: 11% to 28%). These findings suggest that CHR in adolescence presents commensurable transition prevalences to those found in adult samples, confirming the relevance of CHR criteria for timely risk inception in developmental years. Outcomes other than transition to psychosis (e.g. remission, persistent CHR, socio-functional status or treatment responses) were not systematically reported thereby preventing further, more sophisticated, prognostic stratifications.
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176
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Zhang Y, Peng Y, Song Y, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Yang G, Yang Y, Li W, Yue W, Lv L, Zhang D. Abnormal functional connectivity of the striatum in first-episode drug-naive early-onset Schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2535. [PMID: 35384392 PMCID: PMC9120884 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal brain network connectivity is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The striatum, consisting of the caudate and putamen, is the major treatment target for antipsychotics, the primary treatments for schizophrenia; however, there are few studies on the functional connectivity (FC) of striatum in drug-naive early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) patients. We examined the FC values of the caudate nucleus and putamen with whole brain by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and the associations with indices of clinical severity. Patients demonstrated abnormal FC between subregions of the putamen and both the visual network (left middle occipital gyrus) and default mode network (bilateral anterior cingulate, left superior frontal, and right middle frontal gyri). Furthermore, FC between dorsorostral putamen and left superior frontal gyrus correlated with both positive symptom subscore and total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). These findings demonstrate abnormal FC between the striatum and other brain areas even in the early stages of schizophrenia, supporting neurodevelopmental disruption in disease etiology and expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yichen Song
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Youqi Zhou
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Mental Health Center of Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Henan Key Lab of Biological Psychiatry, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Henan, Xinxiang, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health/Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
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177
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Deane AR, Ward RD. The instrumental role of operant paradigms in translational psychiatric research: Insights from a maternal immune activation model of schizophrenia risk. J Exp Anal Behav 2022; 117:560-575. [PMID: 35319781 PMCID: PMC9314699 DOI: 10.1002/jeab.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rigorous behavioral analysis is essential to the translation of research conducted using animal models of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we discuss the use of operant paradigms within our lab as a powerful approach for exploring the biobehavioral bases of disease in the maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia. We have investigated a range of disease features in schizophrenia including abnormal perception of time, cognition, learning, motivation, and internal state (psychosis), providing complex insights into brain and behavior. Beyond simple phenotyping, implementing sophisticated operant procedures has been effective in delineating aspects of pathological behavior, identifying interacting pathologies, and isolating contributing mechanisms of disease. We provide comment on the strengths of operant techniques to support high-quality behavioral investigations in fundamental neuropsychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley R. Deane
- New Zealand Brain Research InstituteChristchurchNew Zealand
- Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Ryan D. Ward
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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178
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Roychaudhuri R, Snyder SH. Mammalian D-cysteine: A novel regulator of neural progenitor cell proliferation: Endogenous D-cysteine, the stereoisomer with rapid spontaneous in vitro racemization rate, has major neural roles: Endogenous D-cysteine, the stereoisomer with rapid spontaneous in vitro racemization rate, has major neural roles. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200002. [PMID: 35484375 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
D-amino acids are being recognized as functionally important molecules in mammals. We recently identified endogenous D-cysteine in mammalian brain. D-cysteine is present in neonatal brain in substantial amounts (mM) and decreases with postnatal development. D-cysteine binds to MARCKS and a host of proteins implicated in cell division and neurodevelopmental disorders. D-cysteine decreases phosphorylation of MARCKS in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) affecting its translocation. D-cysteine controls NPC proliferation by inhibiting AKT signaling. Exogenous D-cysteine inhibits AKT phosphorylation at Thr 308 and Ser 473 in NPCs. D-cysteine treatment of NPCs led to 50% reduction in phosphorylation of Foxo1 at Ser 256 and Foxo3a at Ser 253. We hypothesize that in the developing brain endogenous D-cysteine is as a physiologic regulator of NPC proliferation by inhibiting AKT signaling mediated by Foxo1 and Foxo3a. Endogenous D-cysteine may regulate mammalian neurodevelopment with roles in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Roychaudhuri
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Solomon H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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179
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Styles of Coping with Stress among Healthy People and People with Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Selected Personality Dimensions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095129. [PMID: 35564523 PMCID: PMC9104465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia is considered a chronic and disabling mental disorder that affects approximately one percent of the world’s population. It is characterized by a variable course and its various symptoms may predominate depending on the characteristics of the person. Aim: Recognition of the personality traits and styles of stress-coping applied by healthy people and people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Methods: The study examined 60 people in total: 30 healthy people between 19 and 58 years old and29 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and 1 person with schizophrenia spectrum disorder between 25 and 72 years old. In the present study we used Personality inventory NEO-FFI by Paul Costa and Robert McCreae, designed to diagnose personality traits described in the five-factor model called “The Big Five” and CISS: Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations by N.S. Endler, J.D.A. Parker, designed to diagnose stress-coping styles.
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180
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Li S, Li J, Liu J, Wang J, Li X, Huo Y, Li Y, Liu Y, Li M, Xiao X, Luo XJ. Regulatory variants at 2q33.1 confer schizophrenia risk by modulating distal gene TYW5 expression. Brain 2022; 145:770-786. [PMID: 34581804 PMCID: PMC9014752 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have shown that genetic variants at 2q33.1 are strongly associated with schizophrenia. However, potential causal variants in this locus and their roles in schizophrenia remain unknown. Here, we identified two functional variants (rs796364 and rs281759) that disrupt CTCF, RAD21 and FOXP2 binding at 2q33.1. We systematically investigated the regulatory mechanisms of these two variants with serial experiments, including reporter gene assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Intriguingly, these two single nucleotide polymorphisms physically interacted with TYW5 and showed the most significant associations with TYW5 expression in human brain. Consistently, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing confirmed the regulatory effect of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms on TYW5 expression. Additionally, expression analysis indicated that TYW5 was significantly upregulated in brains of schizophrenia cases compared with controls, suggesting that rs796364 and rs281759 might confer schizophrenia risk by modulating TYW5 expression. We over-expressed TYW5 in mouse neural stem cells and rat primary neurons to mimic its upregulation in schizophrenia and found significant alterations in the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells, as well as dendritic spine density following TYW5 overexpression, indicating its important roles in neurodevelopment and spine morphogenesis. Furthermore, we independently confirmed the association between rs796364 and schizophrenia in a Chinese cohort of 8202 subjects. Finally, transcriptome analysis revealed that TYW5 affected schizophrenia-associated pathways. These lines of evidence consistently revealed that rs796364 and rs281759 might contribute to schizophrenia risk by regulating the expression of TYW5, a gene whose expression dysregulation affects two important schizophrenia pathophysiological processes (i.e. neurodevelopment and dendritic spine formation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Junyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Yixing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China
- KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
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181
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Liang L, Ren X, Xu J, Ma Y, Xue Y, Zhuang T, Zhang G. Effect of Co-Treatment of Olanzapine with SEP-363856 in Mice Models of Schizophrenia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082550. [PMID: 35458749 PMCID: PMC9024832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine is a commonly used drug in the treatment of schizophrenia, but its clinical application has been restricted by metabolic-related side effects. In order to mitigate the weight gain side effects caused by olanzapine, other drugs with different targets were selected for combined use and evaluated in animal models of schizophrenia. SEP-363856 is a novel psychotropic agent which is under phase III clinical trials for schizophrenia treatment. The aim of the research was to evaluate whether co-administration of olanzapine and SEP-363856 exerts synergistic anti-schizophrenic effects in the apomorphine (APO)-induced climbing test, the MK-801-induced hyperactivity test, and the Morris water maze test, and therefore reduces the weight gain side effects induced by olanzapine. Through isobolographic analysis, the results showed a synergistic interaction in the climbing test; the experimental ED30 (3 mg/kg) was significantly smaller (p < 0.05) than the theoretical ED30 (5 mg/kg). Additionally, such potentiating effects appeared additive in the MK-801 challenge experiment. Co-treatment with an effective dose of olanzapine and a low dose of SEP-363856 reversed MK-801-induced cognitive impairment symptoms in mice. Moreover, combination treatment with olanzapine and SEP-363856 controls sustained weight gain in mice with chronic exposure to olanzapine. These results support further clinical trials to test the effectiveness of co-treatment of olanzapine and SEP-363856 for controlling symptoms and weight gain in patients with schizophrenia during antipsychotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
| | - Xia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
| | - Junyi Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yurong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yunlin Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
| | - Tao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-8779-2235 (G.Z.)
| | - Guisen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (X.R.); (J.X.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Correspondence: (T.Z.); (G.Z.); Tel.: +86-27-8779-2235 (G.Z.)
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182
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Emmanoella Sebulsqui Saraiva T, Rodrigues GZP, Kayser JM, Dallegrave E, Pulz Maus N, Veiverberg A, da Costa Berna G, Schuster AC, Gabriela de Freitas M, Galdino da Rocha Pitta M, da Rocha Pitta I, Gehlen G, Betti AH. Study of the acute and repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity in mice treated with PT-31, a molecule with potential antipsychotic profile. Toxicol Mech Methods 2022; 32:705-715. [PMID: 35410575 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2022.2065226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the world population and is treated with antipsychotics, which may induce important biochemical and hematological alterations. Since it is necessary to verify the safety of new molecules with antipsychotic potential, the present study aimed to evaluate the oral toxicity of PT-31, a putative α2-adrenoreceptor agonist, after acute (2000 mg/kg) and repeated doses (28 days) gavage treatment, in three different doses: minimum effective dose in animal models (10 mg/kg), twice the dose (20 mg/kg), and four times the dose (40 mg/kg), as recommended by the OECD guidelines. Balb/C female adult mice were used, and biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses were performed. PT-31 10 and 20 mg/kg did not cause biochemical alterations related to hepatic and renal toxicity, and neither altered glycemic and lipid profiles. The preclinical dose of PT-31 also did not promote mice histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, and brain. In the hematimetric parameters, PT-31 only increased HGB at 20 mg/kg, and MCH and MCHC at 40 mg/kg. However, all the tested doses of PT-31 showed platelet increase, which must be better investigated. Therefore, further studies are needed to investigate the safety of PT-31 as a potential antipsychotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Machado Kayser
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nathália Pulz Maus
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andriele Veiverberg
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Costa Berna
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Research Centre for Therapeutic Innovation. Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Günther Gehlen
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andresa Heemann Betti
- Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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183
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Clementz BA. Psychosis and fever revisited. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:17-19. [PMID: 34903400 PMCID: PMC8923948 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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184
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Complicated Grief, Depression, Health and Attachment Style in First Degree Relatives of Individuals with a Chronic Psychotic Disorders. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:526-535. [PMID: 34132930 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00848-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Complicated grief (CG) is a form of unrelenting grief after the death of a loved one. However, family members of individuals who suffer from Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorders and Bipolar disorder may experience symptoms of CG even though their loved one is still alive. The present study assessed CG and risk factors for CG in first degree relatives of individuals with severe chronic mental illness. The incidence of CG was examined in 78 parents, siblings, adult children and spouses recruited through organizations and social media that provide support services for individuals suffering from mental illness and their families. High rates of CG (39.7%) were found in this group. CG was associated with a higher prevalence of posttraumatic and depression symptoms and poorer physical health. These findings may contribute to heightening therapists' awareness of the importance of assessing, acknowledging and resolving CG in the family members of patients with chronic psychotic disorders.
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185
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Jiang L, Wang J, Dai J, Li F, Chen B, He R, Liao Y, Yao D, Dong W, Xu P. Altered temporal variability in brain functional connectivity identified by fuzzy entropy underlines schizophrenia deficits. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 148:315-324. [PMID: 35193035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the temporal variability of resting-state brain networks informs our understanding of how neural connectivity aggregates and disassociates over time, further shedding light on the aberrant neural interactions that underlie symptomatology and psychosis development. In the current work, an electroencephalogram-based sliding window analysis was utilized for the first time to measure the nonlinear complexity of dynamic resting-state brain networks of schizophrenia (SZ) patients by applying fuzzy entropy. The results of this study demonstrated the attenuated temporal variability among multiple electrodes that were distributed in the frontal and right parietal lobes for SZ patients when compared with healthy controls (HCs). Meanwhile, a concomitant strengthening of the posterior and peripheral flexible connections that may be attributed to the excessive alertness or sensitivity of SZ patients to the external environment was also revealed. These temporal fluctuation distortions combined reflect an abnormality in the coordination of functional network switching in SZ, which is further the source of worse task performance (i.e., P300 amplitude) and the negative relationship between individual complexity metrics and P300 amplitude. Notably, when using the network metrics as features, multiple linear regressions of P300 amplitudes were also exactly achieved for both the SZ and HC groups. These findings shed light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of SZ from a temporal variability perspective and provide potential biomarkers for quantifying SZ's progressive neurophysiological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Jiuju Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; Chengdu Mental Health Center, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Fali Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, China.
| | - Baodan Chen
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Runyang He
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, China; School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wentian Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China; Research Unit of NeuroInformation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU035, Chengdu, China.
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186
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Sawa A, Yang K, Cascella NG. Paradigm shift on the concept of schizophrenia that matches with both academic and clinical needs. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:123-125. [PMID: 34991948 PMCID: PMC10503824 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States.
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Nicola G Cascella
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, United States
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187
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Carpenter WT. Schizophrenia: A view of immediate future. Schizophr Res 2022; 242:15-16. [PMID: 34965903 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- William T Carpenter
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, United States of America.
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188
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Amminger GP, Lin A, Kerr M, Weller A, Spark J, Pugh C, O'Callaghan S, Berger M, Clark SR, Scott JG, Baker A, McGregor I, Cotter D, Sarnyai Z, Thompson A, Yung AR, O'Donoghue B, Killackey E, Mihalopoulos C, Yuen HP, Nelson B, McGorry PD. Cannabidiol for at risk for psychosis youth: A randomized controlled trial. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:419-432. [PMID: 34190422 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No biological treatment has been firmly established for the at-risk stage of psychotic disorder. In this study we aim to test if subthreshold psychotic symptoms can be effectively treated with cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive compound of the plant Cannabis sativa. The question has taken on increased importance in the wake of evidence questioning both the need and efficacy of specific pharmacological interventions in the ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis group. METHODS Three-arm randomized controlled trial of 405 patients (135 per arm) aged 12-25 years who meet UHR for psychosis criteria. The study includes a 6-week lead-in phase during which 10% of UHR individuals are expected to experience symptom remission. Participants will receive CBD (per oral) at doses 600 or 1000 mg per day (fixed schedule) for 12 weeks. Participants in the third arm of the trial will receive matching placebo capsules. Primary outcome is severity of positive psychotic symptoms as measured by the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States at 12 weeks. We hypothesize that CBD will be significantly more effective than placebo in improving positive psychotic symptoms in UHR patients. All participants will also be followed up 6 months post baseline to evaluate if treatment effects are sustained. CONCLUSION This paper reports on the rationale and protocol of the Cannabidiol for At Risk for psychosis Youth (CanARY) study. This study will test CBD for the first time in the UHR phase of psychotic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Lin
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Melissa Kerr
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Amber Weller
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica Spark
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charlotte Pugh
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Sally O'Callaghan
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maximus Berger
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott R Clark
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Australia.,Metro North Mental Health Service, Herston, Australia
| | - Andrea Baker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Iain McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Andrew Thompson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison R Yung
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eoin Killackey
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hok Pan Yuen
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Barnaby Nelson
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick D McGorry
- Orygen, Melbourne, Australia.,The Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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189
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Barkus E, Martin EA, Wong KKY, Chan RCK. The importance of studying psychopathology in subclinical populations. Psych J 2022. [PMID: 35299280 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Barkus
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Keri Ka-Yee Wong
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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190
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Wang P, Yan CD, Dong XJ, Geng L, Xu C, Nie Y, Zhang S. Identification and predictive analysis for participants at ultra-high risk of psychosis: A comparison of three psychometric diagnostic interviews. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:2420-2428. [PMID: 35434048 PMCID: PMC8968616 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i8.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An accurate identification of individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) based on psychometric tools to prospectively identify psychosis as early as possible is required for indicated preventive intervention. The diagnostic comparability of several psychometric tools, including the comprehensive assessment of at risk mental state (CAARMS), the structured interview for psychosis-risk syndrome (SIPS) and the bonn scale for the assessment of basic symptoms (BSABS), is unknown.
AIM To address the psychometric comparability of CAARMS, SIPS and BSABS for subjects who are close relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
METHODS In total, 189 participants aged 18-58 years who were lineal relative by blood and collateral relatives by blood up to the third degree of kinship of patients with schizophrenia were interviewed in the period of May 2017 to January 2019. Relatives of the participants diagnosed schizophrenia were excluded. All the participants were assessed for a UHR state by three psychometric tools (CAARMS, SIPS and BSABS). The psychometric diagnosis results included at risk of psychosis (UHR+), not at risk of psychosis (UHR-) and psychosis. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also measured. The inter-rater agreement was assessed for evaluation of the coherence of the three scales. Transition rates for UHR+ subjects to psychosis within 2 years were also recorded.
RESULTS The overall agreement percentages were 93.12%, 92.06% and 93.65% of CAARMS and SIPS, SIPS and BSABS and CAARMS and BSABS, respectively. The overall agreement percentage of the relative functional impairment of the three groups (UHR+, not at risk of psychosis and psychosis) were 89.24%, 86.36% and 88.12%, respectively. The inter-rater reliability of the CAARMS, SIPS and BSABS total score was 0.90, 0.89 and 0.85. The inter-rater reliability was very good to excellent for all the subscales of these three instruments. For CAARMS, SIPS and BSABS, the kappa coefficient about UHR criteria agreement was 0.87, 0.84 and 0.82, respectively (P < 0.001). The transition rates of UHR+ to psychosis within 2 years were 16.7% (CAARMS), 10.0% (SIPS) and 17.7% (BSABS).
CONCLUSION There is good diagnostic agreement between the CAARMS, SIPS and BSABS towards identification of UHR participants who are close relatives of patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chuan-Dong Yan
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Dong
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lei Geng
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yun Nie
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychological Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
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191
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Li M, Xiao L, Chen X. Histone Acetylation and Methylation Underlie Oligodendroglial and Myelin Susceptibility in Schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:823708. [PMID: 35360494 PMCID: PMC8960244 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.823708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder affected by both genetic and epigenetic factors. Except for neuronal dysfunction, oligodendroglial abnormalities also contribute to the disease pathogenesis, characterized by a robust dysregulation of oligodendrocyte and myelin related genes. Accumulating evidence shows that histone modifications play important roles in transcriptional regulation of the genes crucial for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Specifically, the histone acetylation and methylation were two well-recognized histone modification abnormalities in the schizophrenic brains. In this mini-review, we will describe the dynamic changes of histone acetylation and methylation in schizophrenia, which may coordinate and induce deleterious epigenetic memory in oligodendroglial cells, and further lead to oligodendrocyte and myelin deficits. Precise modulation of histone modification status in oligodendroglial cells needs to secure the balance of epigenetic marks, which may revise the therapeutic strategy for the white matter etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Neuroscience, College of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory of Human Physiology, Lab Teaching and Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Lan Xiao,
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Department of Physiology, Research Center of Neuroscience, College of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Xianjun Chen,
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192
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Adanty C, Qian J, Wang Y, Remington G, Shakeri A, Borlido C, Gerretsen P, Graff-Guerrero A, De Luca V. Childhood trauma exposure and personality traits in schizophrenia patients. Schizophr Res 2022; 241:221-227. [PMID: 35158178 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Childhood trauma in schizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with aberrant neurobiological downstream effects and cognitive deficits that markedly hinder patient outcome and functioning. However, the relationship between specific forms of childhood abuse and the tendency for certain personality traits in patients with SCZ has not been comprehensively studied yet. We recruited 374 SCZ patients and screened for history of physical abuse (PA), emotional abuse (EA), sexual abuse (SA), physical neglect (PN) and emotional neglect (EN) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and measured personality traits using the NEO Five-Factor inventory. Using CTQ cut-off scores, the prevalence of EA, PA, SA, EN and PN was 60.7%, 42.0%, 37.7%, 64.2% and 54.3% respectively. Exposure to any form of childhood abuse was associated with increased neuroticism. Exposure to EA, SA, PN and EN was correlated with decreased agreeableness and conscientiousness scores. PN, EN and PA exposure was associated with decreased openness while EA, PN and EN exposure was associated with decreased extraversion. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between all forms of childhood abuse and trait neuroticism whereas negative correlations were found between certain forms of childhood abuse and all other personality traits. Exposure to specific forms of childhood abuse was associated with specific personality traits in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Qian
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yin Wang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmad Shakeri
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Borlido
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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193
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Deehan GA. The enduring behavioral and neurobiological effects of a flavor cue paired with alcohol drinking during adolescence on the incentive properties of the flavor cue in adulthood in female alcohol-preferring (P) rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109289. [PMID: 35051698 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) affect 15 million people nationwide, 4% of which are adolescents (ages 12-17) and adolescents who binge drink significantly increase their likelihood of suffering from an AUD in adulthood. Research shows that cues (i.e. flavors) paired with alcohol (EtOH) produce significant cue-induced alcohol craving and contribute to relapse in adolescent and adult populations. However, there is a lack of research focused on how cues that accompany EtOH drinking during adolescence, affect EtOH craving later in life. The current study sought to examine the sex- and developmental-dependent effects of adolescent exposure to flavor cues associated with EtOH on operant-lick behavior and cue-induced dopamine (DA) levels within the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh; reward structure) in adulthood. METHODS Adolescent alcohol-preferring (P) rats were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups and received 24 hr. access to three bottles on their home cage: Paired: 0.1% blueberry flavor extract (BB) + 15% v/v EtOH and 2 water bottles; Unpaired: 0.1% BB, 15% v/v EtOH, and water; 15% EtOH alone, and 2 water bottles; BB alone and 2 water bottles. Home cage fluid consumption was measured for 2-weeks. On the third week bottles were removed and all animals underwent 9 days of operant training using an operant sipper paradigm. This consisted of two sipper spouts connected to the computer by a lickometer, which registered tongue contacts with the sipper tube (Paired: BB+EtOH or water; Unpaired BB or EtOH; EtOH alone: EtOH or water; BB alone: BB or water). When the fixed ratio (FR) requirement for number of licks/tongue contacts was met, a liquid delivery solenoid dispensed 0.05 ml of fluid into the sipper tube. Following the final operant session all rats remained in their home-cage for approximately 40 days until adulthood at which point they were returned to the operant chambers and tested for appetitive and consummatory behavior in response to the flavor cue (all rats: BB or water; NO EtOH). Two weeks after the final operant session all rats underwent microdialysis testing to examine cue-induced DA levels in the AcbSh. RESULTS Data indicated that animals in the paired group exhibited a significantly greater level of licking at the BB sipper and a significantly greater level of DA release in response to the flavor cue compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data suggest that cues paired with EtOH during adolescence may produce persistent changes to the behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to an increased risk of developing an AUD later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Deehan
- Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.
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194
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Jutla A, Foss-Feig J, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia: An updated conceptual review. Autism Res 2022; 15:384-412. [PMID: 34967130 PMCID: PMC8931527 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are separate disorders, with distinct clinical profiles and natural histories. ASD, typically diagnosed in childhood, is characterized by restricted or repetitive interests or behaviors and impaired social communication, and it tends to have a stable course. SCZ, typically diagnosed in adolescence or adulthood, is characterized by hallucinations and delusions, and tends to be associated with declining function. However, youth with ASD are three to six times more likely to develop SCZ than their neurotypical counterparts, and increasingly, research has shown that ASD and SCZ converge at several levels. We conducted a systematic review of studies since 2013 relevant to understanding this convergence, and present here a narrative synthesis of key findings, which we have organized into four broad categories: symptoms and behavior, perception and cognition, biomarkers, and genetic and environmental risk. We then discuss opportunities for future research into the phenomenology and neurobiology of overlap between ASD and SCZ. Understanding this overlap will allow for researchers, and eventually clinicians, to understand the factors that may make a child with ASD vulnerable to developing SCZ. LAY SUMMARY: Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are distinct diagnoses, but people with autism and people with schizophrena share several characteristics. We review recent studies that have examined these areas of overlap, and discuss the kinds of studies we will need to better understand how these disorders are related. Understanding this will be important to help us identify which autistic children are at risk of developing schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Jutla
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside
Drive, Mail Unit 78, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Jennifer Foss-Feig
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, 1 Gustave L. Levy
Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, United States
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and
Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside
Drive, Mail Unit 78, New York, NY 10032, United States
- Center for Autism and the Developing Brain, New
York-Presbyterian Westchester Behavioral Health Center, 21 Bloomingdale Road, White
Plains, NY 10605, United States
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195
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Li ML, Peng Y, An Y, Li GY, Lan Y. LY395756 promotes NR2B expression via activation of AKT/CREB signaling in the juvenile methylazoxymethanol mice model of schizophrenia. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2466. [PMID: 35025141 PMCID: PMC8865150 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtype 2B(NR2B) is significantly reduced in prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the neurodevelopmental methylazoxymethanol (MAM) model of schizophrenia (SCZ). Recent research has shown that LY395756 can effectively restore NR2B levels and improve cognitive performance in juvenile MAM mice model. However, the underlying mechanisms of these beneficial effects remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Juvenile MAM mice model of SCZ is used in our study. Synaptic membrane protein levels were examined by western blotting under different treatment conditions. Interaction of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and the promoter of NR2B was detected by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Further examination of signaling pathway that mediates NR2B expression was also investigated by western blotting. RESULTS In the PFC of the juvenile MAM mice schizophrenia model, CREB was found to directly bind with the promoter of NR2B. LY395756 activated the phosphorylation of AKT. Phosphorylated AKT subsequently induced the phosphorylation of CREB, and the activated CREB promoted the expression of NR2B. Subsequent experiments showed that the dephosphorylation of CREB induced by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) can inhibit NR2B levels. Taken together, these findings support that the AKT/CREB signaling pathway is essential for the promoting effect of LY395756 on synaptic NR2B in PFC in juvenile MAM mice SCZ model. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation has identified a novel mechanism by which LY395756 increases NR2B expression in juvenile MAM mice SCZ model. The AKT/CREB signaling pathway warrants further research as a potential direction for clinical treatment of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Lin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Peng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Yan Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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196
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Bridgwater MA, Horton LE, Haas GL. Premorbid adjustment in childhood is associated with later emotion management in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2022; 240:233-238. [PMID: 35093858 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poor premorbid adjustment and social functioning deficits are recognized as cardinal features of schizophrenia. Whether premorbid maladjustment is associated with interpersonal functioning problems that manifest during the first episode of psychosis is less well-established. No previous work has investigated the relationship between premorbid adjustment and a key component of social cognition (emotion management) during the early phase of schizophrenia. A sample of 119 individuals (40 experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia, FE-SZ, 22 experiencing a first episode of another psychotic disorder, FE-OP, and 57 healthy controls, HC) participated in an assessment of premorbid adjustment and emotion management, measured using the Cannon-Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) and the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) Managing Emotions (ME) scale. The relationship between premorbid adjustment (from age 5 to onset of psychotic symptoms) and ME was examined, as well as the specific relationship between childhood premorbid adjustment (ages 5-11) and ME. Results indicated that both FE-SZ and FE-OP participants exhibited significantly worse premorbid adjustment (all p's < 0.01) across development and lower ME scores when compared to HC participants. Among FE-SZ participants only, premorbid maladjustment in childhood was correlated with deficits in emotion management. This study is the first to suggest that poor premorbid social and academic functioning in childhood is related to later deficits in emotion management in those experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia. These results point to a possible relationship between early developmental deficits in premorbid social and school functioning and social cognitive deficits during the early (first episode) phase of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A Bridgwater
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America.
| | - Leslie E Horton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | - Gretchen L Haas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; VISN4 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) at VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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197
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Mapping normative trajectories of cognitive function and its relation to psychopathology symptoms and genetic risk in youth. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 3:255-263. [PMID: 37124356 PMCID: PMC10140446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence hosts a sharp increase in the incidence of mental disorders. The prodromal phases are often characterized by cognitive deficits that predate disease onset by several years. Characterization of cognitive performance in relation to normative trajectories may have value for early risk assessment and monitoring. Methods Youth aged 8 to 21 years (N = 6481) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were included. Performance scores from a computerized neurocognitive battery were decomposed using principal component analysis, yielding a general cognitive score. Items reflecting various aspects of psychopathology from self-report questionnaires and collateral caregiver information were decomposed using independent component analysis, providing individual domain scores. Using normative modeling and Bayesian statistics, we estimated normative trajectories of cognitive function and tested for associations between cognitive deviance and psychopathological domain scores. In addition, we tested for associations with polygenic scores for mental and behavioral disorders often involving cognition, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. Results More negative normative cognitive deviations were associated with higher general psychopathology burden and domains reflecting positive and prodromal psychosis, attention problems, norm-violating behavior, and anxiety. In addition, better performance was associated with higher joint burden of depression, suicidal ideation, and negative psychosis symptoms. The analyses revealed no evidence for associations with polygenic scores. Conclusions Our results show that cognitive performance is associated with general and specific domains of psychopathology in youth. These findings support the close links between cognition and psychopathology in youth and highlight the potential of normative modeling for early risk assessment.
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198
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Wang LL, Lui SSY, Chan RCK. The past and future of mapping the biomarkers of psychosis. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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199
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Deng J, Zheng X, Zhu C, Lin Z, Ye Y. Auditory acuity and musical ability in young adults with high schizotypal traits. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 114:152297. [PMID: 35123176 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2022.152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite auditory cognition dysfunction being consistently found in people with schizophrenia, the evidence from non-clinical individuals with schizotypy is rare and inconsistent. No studies thus far have comprehensively assessed the association among auditory perception, musical cognition, and schizotypy in non-clinical samples. AIM We aimed to explore abnormalities in auditory skills, from basic perception to musical ability, among individuals with schizotypal traits. METHOD An extreme-group design was adopted. Sixty-six participants from the schizotypy and control groups were screened from 1093 young adults using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Auditory acuity was assessed using four auditory discrimination threshold tests, and musical ability was evaluated through the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA). Basic demographic information and musical backgrounds were assessed and matched, and depression, anxiety, and digit-span index were evaluated and controlled. RESULTS Elevated sensitivity in auditory perception and improved musical talent were found in young adults with high schizotypal traits. Auditory acuity and musical ability were positively correlated with schizotypy and its factors among participants across groups. A regression analysis in the control group showed that cognitive perceptual scores of SPQ positively predicted auditory temporal sensitivity. The mediation analysis revealed an indirect effect of pure tone duration discrimination between musical rhythmic ability and positive factor of schizotypy. DISCUSSION Elevated sensitivity in auditory temporal perception and improved musical talent in young adults with high schizotypy may contribute to explaining the variation of auditory process in the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. It can also help elucidate the association between psychopathology and creativity in auditory modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Deng
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zheng
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Chenxin Zhu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China
| | - Ziyue Lin
- Mental Health Center, Fujian Medical University, No. 1 Xuefu North Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350122, China
| | - Yiduo Ye
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, No. 1 Technology Road, Higher Education Mega-Center, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350117, China.
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200
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Bauminger H, Zaidan H, Akirav I, Gaisler-Salomon I. Anandamide Hydrolysis Inhibition Reverses the Long-Term Behavioral and Gene Expression Alterations Induced by MK-801 in Male Rats: Differential CB1 and CB2 Receptor-Mediated Effects. Schizophr Bull 2022; 48:795-803. [PMID: 35092675 PMCID: PMC9212101 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptor blockade in rodents is commonly used to induce schizophrenia-like behavioral abnormalities, including cognitive deficits and social dysfunction. Aberrant glutamate and GABA transmission, particularly in adolescence, is implicated in these behavioral abnormalities. The endocannabinoid system modulates glutamate and GABA transmission, but the impact of endocannabinoid modulation on cognitive and social dysfunction is unclear. Here, we asked whether late-adolescence administration of the anandamide hydrolysis inhibitor URB597 can reverse behavioral deficits induced by early-adolescence administration of the NMDA receptor blocker MK-801. In parallel, we assessed the impact of MK-801 and URB597 on mRNA expression of glutamate and GABA markers. We found that URB597 prevented MK-801-induced novel object recognition deficits and social interaction abnormalities in adult rats, and reversed glutamate and GABA aberrations in the prelimbic PFC. URB597-mediated reversal of MK-801-induced social interaction deficits was mediated by the CB1 receptor, whereas the reversal of cognitive deficits was mediated by the CB2 receptor. This was paralleled by the reversal of CB1 and CB2 receptor expression abnormalities in the basolateral amygdala and prelimbic PFC, respectively. Together, our findings show that interfering with NMDA receptor function in early adolescence has a lasting impact on phenotypes resembling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia and on glutamate and GABA marker expression in the PFC. Prevention of behavioral and molecular abnormalities by late-adolescence URB597 via CB1 and CB2 receptors suggests that endocannabinoid stimulation may have therapeutic potential in addressing treatment-resistant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Bauminger
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Hiba Zaidan
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Irit Akirav
- Department of Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel,The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Inna Gaisler-Salomon
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: +972-4-8249674, fax: +972-4-8263157, e-mail:
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