151
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Kazemi M, Hadi A, Pierson RA, Lujan ME, Zello GA, Chilibeck PD. Effects of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Cardiometabolic and Reproductive Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:161-178. [PMID: 32805007 PMCID: PMC7850057 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit cardiometabolic (e.g., insulin resistance) and associated reproductive disruptions. Lifestyle modification (e.g., diet) is recommended as the first-line therapy to manage PCOS; however, a favorable dietary regimen remains unclear beyond energy restriction. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize evidence on impacts of dietary glycemic index (GI) or glycemic load (GL) on cardiometabolic and reproductive profiles to update the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS. Databases of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched through 30 October 2019, and confirmed on 25 March 2020, to identify RCTs (≥8 wk) comparing the effects of diets with lower (LGI/LGL) and higher (HGI/HGL) GI/GL on glucoregulatory outcomes, lipid profile, anthropometrics, and androgen status in PCOS. The primary outcome was HOMA-IR. Data were pooled by random-effects models and expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% CIs. The risk of bias was assessed by the Cochrane tool. Ten RCTs (n = 403) were eligible. Eight evaluated LGI and 2 LGL diets. LGI diets decreased HOMA-IR (-0.78; -1.20, -0.37; I2 = 86.6%), fasting insulin (-2.39; -4.78, 0.00 μIU/mL; I2 = 76.8%), total cholesterol (-11.13; -18.23, -4.04 mg/dL; I2 = 0.0%), LDL cholesterol (-6.27; -12.01, -0.53 mg/dL; I2 = 0.0%), triglycerides (-14.85; -28.75, -0.95 mg/dL; I2 = 31.0%), waist circumference (-2.81; -4.40, -1.23 cm; I2 = 53.9%), and total testosterone (-0.21; -0.32, -0.09 nmol/L; I2 = 8.6%) compared with HGI diets (all: P ≤ 0.05) without affecting fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, weight, or free androgen index (all: P ≥ 0.07). Some results were contradictory and only described narratively for 2 RCTs that evaluated LGL diets, since inclusion in meta-analyses was not possible. LGI diets improved glucoregulatory outcomes (HOMA-IR, insulin), lipid profiles, abdominal adiposity, and androgen status, conceivably supporting their inclusion for dietary management of PCOS. Further RCTs should confirm these observations and address whether LGI diets improve more patient-pressing complications, including ovulatory cyclicity, infertility, and cardiovascular disease risk in this high-risk population. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020175300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kazemi
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roger A Pierson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Marla E Lujan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Human Metabolic Research Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gordon A Zello
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, Physical Activity Complex, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
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152
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Park SY, Kim HY. Fried pork loin batter quality with the addition of various dietary fibers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:137-148. [PMID: 33987591 PMCID: PMC7882852 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the addition of dietary fiber extracted from wheat, bamboo, and oat
on the quality of fried pork loin batter was investigated. Quality evaluation
included proximate composition, pH, color, viscosity, coating and frying yield,
electronic nose, and sensory evaluation. Regarding proximate composition of
fried batter and fried pork loin, the water content of the dietary fiber
treatments was significantly higher than that of the control (p
< 0.05), whereas fat content was significantly lower than that of the
control (p < 0.05). The lightness of non-fried batter
with dietary fiber treatments was significantly higher than that of the control
(p < 0.05), whereas the yellowness was significantly
lower than that of the control (p < 0.05). The
lightness, redness, and yellowness of fried pork loin with dietary fiber
treatment were significantly lower than those of the control (p
< 0.05). The viscosity and coating and frying yield of dietary fiber
treatments were significantly higher than those of the control
(p < 0.05). The volatile compounds of dietary fiber
treatments were decreased “tallowy” flavor and increased
“buttery” and “milky” flavor. The principal
components of bamboo and oat fiber treatments were clearly distinguishable from
those of the control; however, similar principal components as those of the
control were obtained with wheat fiber treatment. Regarding sensory evaluation,
the color, texture, and overall acceptability of wheat and oat fiber treatments
were significantly higher than those of the control (p <
0.05), and the flavor of the wheat fiber treatment was significantly higher than
that of the control (p < 0.05). These results show that
wheat and oat fibers are suitable for fried pork loin batter and improve its
quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Young Park
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Chungnam 32439, Korea
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153
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Lee K, Kim H, Rebholz CM, Kim J. Association between Different Types of Plant-Based Diets and Risk of Dyslipidemia: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010220. [PMID: 33466664 PMCID: PMC7828805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the associations among different types of plant-based diet indices, risk of dyslipidemia, and individual lipid disorders in Asian populations with different dietary patterns from Western populations. Participants included 4507 Korean adults aged ≥40 years without dyslipidemia and related chronic diseases at baseline (2001–2002). Dietary intakes were assessed using an average of validated food frequency questionnaires measured twice. We calculated three plant-based diet indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). During a follow-up of 14 years, 2995 incident dyslipidemia cases occurred. Comparing the highest with lowest quintiles, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for incident dyslipidemia were 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69–0.88) for PDI, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.56–0.70) for hPDI, and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.30–1.69) for uPDI (P-trend < 0.0001 for all). Associations between PDI and individual lipid disorders differed by sex. The PDI was inversely associated with risk of developing hypertriglyceridemia in men and with risk of developing low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in women. The hPDI was inversely associated with risk of all lipid disorders, whereas the uPDI was positively associated with individual lipid disorders. The quality of plant foods is important for prevention of dyslipidemia in a population that consumes diets high in plant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyueun Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
| | - Hyunju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (H.K.); (C.M.R.)
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (H.K.); (C.M.R.)
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-3497
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154
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Fadwa EO, Amssayef A, Eddouks M. Antihyperglycemic and Antidyslipidemic Activities of the Aqueous Salvia hispanica Extract in Diabetic Rat. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:60-66. [PMID: 33438569 DOI: 10.2174/1871525719666210112154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study targeted to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of Salvia hispanica. BACKGROUND Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant with many beneficial properties on human health. OBJECTIVE This objective of the study was to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous extract of Salvia hispanica (S. hispanica) seeds and its capacity to improve lipid profile in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The seed aqueous extract of S. hispanica (SHSAE) at a dose of 100 mg/kg was administered orally in normal and diabetic rats. The effect of oral SHSAE treatment on blood glucose and lipid levels during 15 days was assessed in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was carried out. The antioxidant activity of SHSAE was also examined. RESULTS The decrease of glycemia in rats following the administration of the plant extract suggested that the studied extract possesses antidiabetic effect. The extract of S. hispanica produced hypolipidemic effect with a significant lowering effect on plasma total cholesterol levels and increase on HDL-cholesterol levels. SHSAE was also able to enhance glucose tolerance using OGTT. Moreover, SHSAE possess a potential antioxidant effect in vitro. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study demonstrates the antihyperglycemic and antilipidemic effects of SHSAE in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Ouady Fadwa
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
| | - Ayoub Amssayef
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Team of Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, 52000. Errachidia. Morocco
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155
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Oliveira CLP, Boulé NG, Berg A, Sharma AM, Elliott SA, Siervo M, Ghosh S, Prado CM. Consumption of a High-Protein Meal Replacement Leads to Higher Fat Oxidation, Suppression of Hunger, and Improved Metabolic Profile After an Exercise Session. Nutrients 2021; 13:E155. [PMID: 33466462 PMCID: PMC7824960 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the impact of a high-protein meal replacement (HP-MR) versus a control (CON) breakfast on exercise metabolism. In this acute, randomized controlled, cross-over study, participants were allocated into two isocaloric arms: (a) HP-MR: 30% carbohydrate, 43% protein, and 27% fat; (b) CON: 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat. Following breakfast, participants performed a moderate-intensity aerobic exercise while inside a whole-body calorimetry unit. Energy expenditure, macronutrient oxidation, appetite sensations, and metabolic blood markers were assessed. Forty-three healthy, normal-weight adults (24 males) participated. Compared to the CON breakfast, the HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation (1.07 ± 0.33 g/session; p = 0.003) and lower carbohydrate oxidation (-2.32 ± 0.98 g/session; p = 0.023) and respiratory exchange ratio (-0.01 ± 0.00; p = 0.003) during exercise. After exercise, increases in hunger were lower during the HP-MR condition. Changes in blood markers from the fasting state to post-exercise during the HP-MR condition were greater for insulin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine, and glucagon-like peptide 1, and lower for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and glycerol. Our primary findings were that an HP-MR produced higher fat oxidation during the exercise session, suppression of hunger, and improved metabolic profile after it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila L. P. Oliveira
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.L.P.O.); (S.A.E.)
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Normand G. Boulé
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9, Canada
| | - Aloys Berg
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Arya M. Sharma
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada;
| | - Sarah A. Elliott
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.L.P.O.); (S.A.E.)
- Alberta Research Centre for Health Evidence, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, England, UK;
| | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Human Nutrition Research Unit, Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (C.L.P.O.); (S.A.E.)
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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156
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Dzierlenga MW, Keast DR, Longnecker MP. The concentration of several perfluoroalkyl acids in serum appears to be reduced by dietary fiber. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106292. [PMID: 33395939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-rich food intake has been associated with lower serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in some studies and dietary fiber was related to lower serum PFAS in a recent study. Given the previous epidemiologic data suggesting that fiber might decrease serum PFAS concentrations, we examined the relation of serum PFAS concentrations to intake of dietary fiber in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. We examined the PFAS-fiber association among 6482 adults who participated in the NHANES, 2005-2016. Fiber intake was estimated based on two 24-hour diet recalls. We adjusted the models for determinants of PFAS and potentially confounding factors such as intake of foods reported to increase PFAS exposure. Results were expressed as the percent difference in PFAS concentration per interquartile range (IQR) increase in fiber (and 95 percent confidence interval), and the NHANES sampling parameters were used to make the results generalizable to the U.S. The adjusted percent difference in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) per IQR increase in fiber was -3.64 (-6.15, -1.07); for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was -6.69 (-9.57, -3.73), and for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) was -8.36 (-11.33, -5.29). These results suggest that dietary fiber increases the gastrointestinal excretion of PFOA, PFOS, and PFNA. Because fiber also lowers serum cholesterol, in some studies of the serum cholesterol-PFAS relationship confounding by fiber may be worth evaluating.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debra R Keast
- Food & Nutrition Database Research, Inc., Bangor, PA, USA
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157
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Low Molecular Weight Barley β-Glucan Affects Glucose and Lipid Metabolism by Prebiotic Effects. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010130. [PMID: 33396447 PMCID: PMC7823751 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of low molecular weight barley β-glucan (LMW-BG) on cecal fermentation, glucose, and lipid metabolism through comparisons to high molecular weight β-glucan (HMW-BG). C57BL/6J male mice were fed a moderate-fat diet for 61 days. LMW-BG or HMW-BG was added to the diet corresponding to 4% β-glucan. We measured the apparent absorption of fat, serum biomarkers, the expression levels of genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver and ileum, and bacterial counts of the major microbiota groups using real time PCR. The concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the cecum was analyzed by GC/MS. Significant reductions in serum leptin, total- and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, and mRNA expression levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) were observed in both BG groups. HMW-BG specific effects were observed in inhibiting fat absorption and reducing abdominal deposit fat, whereas LMW-BG specific effects were observed in increasing bacterial counts of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides and cecal total SCFAs, acetate, and propionate. mRNA expression of neurogenin 3 was increased in the LMW-BG group. We report that LMW-BG affects glucose and lipid metabolism via a prebiotic effect, whereas the high viscosity of HMW-BG in the digestive tract is responsible for its specific effects.
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158
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Schmidt M. Cereal beta-glucans: an underutilized health endorsing food ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:3281-3300. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1864619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Safety and Quality of Cereals, Max Rubner-Institut (MRI), Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Detmold, Germany
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159
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Dibay Moghadam S, Navarro SL, Shojaie A, Randolph TW, Bettcher LF, Le CB, Hullar MA, Kratz M, Neuhouser ML, Lampe PD, Raftery D, Lampe JW. Plasma lipidomic profiles after a low and high glycemic load dietary pattern in a randomized controlled crossover feeding study. Metabolomics 2020; 16:121. [PMID: 33219392 PMCID: PMC8116047 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-01746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary patterns low in glycemic load are associated with reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases. Improvements in serum lipid concentrations may play a role in these observed associations. OBJECTIVE We investigated how dietary patterns differing in glycemic load affect clinical lipid panel measures and plasma lipidomics profiles. METHODS In a crossover, controlled feeding study, 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women), 18-45 y were randomized to receive low-glycemic load (LGL) or high glycemic load (HGL) diets for 28 days each with at least a 28-day washout period between controlled diets. Fasting plasma samples were collected at baseline and end of each diet period. Lipids on a clinical panel including total-, VLDL-, LDL-, and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides were measured using an auto-analyzer. Lipidomics analysis using mass-spectrometry provided the concentrations of 863 species. Linear mixed models and lipid ontology enrichment analysis were implemented. RESULTS Lipids from the clinical panel were not significantly different between diets. Univariate analysis showed that 67 species on the lipidomics panel, predominantly in the triacylglycerol class, were higher after the LGL diet compared to the HGL (FDR < 0.05). Three species with FA 17:0 were lower after LGL diet with enrichment analysis (FDR < 0.05). CONCLUSION In the context of controlled eucaloric diets with similar macronutrient distribution, these results suggest that there are relative shifts in lipid species, but the overall pool does not change. Further studies are needed to better understand in which compartment the different lipid species are transported in blood, and how these shifts are related to health outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Dibay Moghadam
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sandi L Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ali Shojaie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy W Randolph
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lisa F Bettcher
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia B Le
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Meredith A Hullar
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul D Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, USA.
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160
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Tung YT, Pan CH, Chien YW, Huang HY. Edible Mushrooms: Novel Medicinal Agents to Combat Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4970-4981. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200831151316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is an aggregation of conditions and associated with an increased risk of developing
diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Edible mushrooms are widely consumed in many countries
and are valuable components of the diet because of their attractive taste, aroma, and nutritional value. Medicinal
mushrooms are higher fungi with additional nutraceutical attributes having low-fat content and a transisomer
of unsaturated fatty acids along with high fiber content, biologically active compounds such as polysaccharides
or polysaccharide β-glucans, alkaloids, steroids, polyphenols and terpenoids. In vitro experiments, animal
models, and even human studies have demonstrated not only fresh edible mushroom but also mushroom
extract that has great therapeutic applications in human health as they possess many properties such as antiobesity,
cardioprotective and anti-diabetic effect. They are considered as the unmatched source of healthy foods
and drugs. The focus of this report was to provide a concise and complete review of the novel medicinal properties
of fresh or dry mushroom and extracts, fruiting body or mycelium and its extracts, fiber, polysaccharides,
beta-glucan, triterpenes, fucoidan, ergothioneine from edible mushrooms that may help to prevent or treat metabolic
syndrome and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chien
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Huang
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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161
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Prospective Evaluation of Mango Fruit Intake on Facial Wrinkles and Erythema in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized Clinical Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113381. [PMID: 33158079 PMCID: PMC7694217 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangos are rich in β-carotene and other carotenoids, along with several phenolic acids that may provide oxidant defense and photoprotection to the skin. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effects of Ataulfo mango intake on the development of facial wrinkles and erythema. A randomized two-group parallel-arm study was conducted to assess 16 weeks of either 85 g or 250 g of mango intake in healthy postmenopausal women with Fitzpatrick skin type II or III. Facial photographs were captured at weeks 0, 8, and 16, and wrinkles at the lateral canthi and erythema at the cheeks were quantified. Skin carotenoid values were measured with reflection spectroscopy. Deep wrinkle severity decreased significantly in the 85 g group after 8 (p = 0.007) and 16 (p = 0.03) weeks compared to baseline measures. In contrast, those in the 250 g group showed an increase after 16 weeks in average wrinkle severity (p = 0.049), average wrinkle length (p = 0.007), fine wrinkle severity (p = 0.02), and emerging wrinkle severity (p = 0.02). Erythema in the cheeks increased with 85 g of mango intake (p = 0.04). The intake of 85 g of mangos reduced wrinkles in fair-skinned postmenopausal women, while an intake of 250 g showed the opposite effect. Further studies feeding 85 g of mangos are warranted.
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162
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Clark CCT, Salek M, Aghabagheri E, Jafarnejad S. The effect of psyllium supplementation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Korean J Intern Med 2020; 35:1385-1399. [PMID: 32066221 PMCID: PMC7652639 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2019.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Global incidence of hypertension is estimated to be, in excess of, one billion people, and given the efficacy of soluble dietary fibers, in particular, Psyllium, to positively impact blood pressure in patients with hypertension, it is of clinical importance that consensus on its supplementation be established. Therefore, the aim of the study was systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of psyllium supplementation on blood pressure of hypertensive patients in randomized controlled trials. METHODS We searched six universal databases including; Pubmed/Medline, Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus until November 2018. Both combined and stratified analyzes were conducted. A fixed-effects or random- effects model was used to assess the mean effect sizes. RESULTS An eventual 11 trials with 592 participants were considered as eligible for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction of 2.04 mmHg in systolic blood pressure (weighted mean difference, -2.04; 95% confidence interval, -2.82 to -1.63; p < 0.001). Whilst meta-regression highlighted that the hypotensive effect of psyllium was stronger in subjects with higher baseline blood pressure. CONCLUSION Given the overarching benefits and lack of reported side effects, particularly for hypertensive patients, health care providers and clinicians should consider the use of psyllium supplementation for the treatment or abatement of hypertension, or hypertensive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cain C. T. Clark
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Mina Salek
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elahe Aghabagheri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Fechner E, Bilet L, Peters HPF, Schrauwen P, Mensink RP. A Whole-Diet Approach Affects Not Only Fasting but Also Postprandial Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2020; 150:2942-2949. [PMID: 33096554 PMCID: PMC7675027 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current dietary recommendations for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention focus more on dietary patterns than on single nutrients. However, randomized controlled trials using whole-diet approaches to study effects on both fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers are limited. OBJECTIVE This randomized parallel trial compared the effects of a healthy diet (HD) with those of a typical Western diet (WD) on fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. METHODS After a 2-wk run-in period, 40 men and women (50-70 y; BMI: 25-35 kg/m2) consumed the HD (high in fruit and vegetables, pulses, fibers, nuts, fatty fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids; low in salt and high-glycemic carbohydrates; n = 19) or the WD (less fruit, vegetables, and fibers; no nuts and fatty fish; and more saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates; n = 21) for 6 wk. Fasting and postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers were assessed as secondary outcome parameters during a 5-h mixed-meal challenge, and a per protocol analysis was performed using 1-factor ANCOVA or linear mixed models. RESULTS Differences in diet-induced changes are expressed relative to the HD group. Changes in fasting plasma total cholesterol (-0.57 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (-0.41 ± 0.12 mmol/L, P < 0.01), apolipoprotein B100 (-0.09 ± 0.03 g/L, P < 0.01), and apolipoprotein A1 (-0.06 ± 0.03 g/L, P = 0.05) were significantly different between the diet groups. Changes in postprandial plasma triacylglycerol (diet × time, P < 0.001) and apolipoprotein B48 (P < 0.01) differed significantly between the groups with clear improvements on the HD, although fasting triacylglycerols (-0.24 ± 0.13 mmol/L, P = 0.06) and apolipoprotein B48 (1.04 ± 0.67 mg/L, P = 0.40) did not. Significant differences between the diets were also detected in fasting systolic (-6.9 ± 3.1 mmHg, P < 0.05) and 24-h systolic (-5.0 ± 1.7 mmHg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (-3.3 ± 1.1 mmHg, P < 0.01) blood pressure. CONCLUSION A whole-diet approach targeted multiple fasting and postprandial CVD risk markers in overweight and obese adults. In fact, the postprandial measurements provided important additional information to estimate CVD risk. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02519127.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Bilet
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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164
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) causes atherosclerotic disease, as demonstrated in experimental and epidemiological cohorts, randomised controlled trials, and Mendelian randomisation studies. MAIN TEXT There is considerable inconsistency between existing guidelines as to how to effectively manage patients at low overall risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) who have persistently elevated levels of LDL-C. We propose a step-by-step practical approach for the management of cardiovascular risks in individuals with low (< 1%) 10-year risk of CVD, and elevated (> 140 mg/dL, 3.6 mmol/L) LDL-C. The strategy proposed is based on the level of adherence to lifestyle interventions (LSI), and in case of non-adherence, stepwise practical management, including lipid-lowering therapy, is recommended to achieve a target LDL-C levels (< 115 mg/dL, 3.0 mmol/L). CONCLUSIONS Further studies are necessary to answer the questions on the long-term efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of the suggested approach. This is critical, considering the ever-increasing numbers of such low-risk patients seen in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre For Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, UK
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland.
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
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165
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Raj P, Ames N, Joseph Thandapilly S, Yu L, Netticadan T. The effects of oat ingredients on blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13402. [PMID: 32713035 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the blood pressure (BP) lowering and cardioprotective effects of oat avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or in combination in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five-weeks-old male SHR and Wistar-Kyoto rats received vehicle, avenanthramide C and beta-glucan alone or a combination of avenanthramide C and beta-glucan via gavage for 15 weeks. BP was measured at 0, 10, and 15 weeks of treatment. Echocardiography was performed at 15 weeks of treatment. Oxidative stress and inflammation were also measured. Beta-glucan alone prevented the increase in systolic and diastolic BP in SHR, but avenanthramide C alone or the combination did not prevent the increase in systolic and diastolic BP. SHRs treated with beta-glucan and not avenanthramide C or the combination reduced isovolumetric relaxation time when compared to SHR treated with vehicle. Beta-glucan and avenanthramide C decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress in SHR. In conclusion, beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiovascular abnormalities. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Oats products are believed to contain many bioactives that possess potential beneficial properties against chronic diseases. Specifically, oats beta-glucan has been well-established for its efficacy in positively modulating the risk factor for dyslipidemia. This preliminary in vivo study shows that beta-glucan is a potential antihypertensive agent that may alleviate cardiac dysfunction as well. In light of the current findings, further human studies may establish the efficacy of oats beta-glucan in hypertensive patients alongside the current antihypertensive medications. This novel attribute established via rigorous studies may provide an impetus for oats products and oats industry. Last but not least, it will also help improve the cardiovascular disease burden in a cost-effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pema Raj
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nancy Ames
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sijo Joseph Thandapilly
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Liping Yu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Thomas Netticadan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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166
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Healthcare Cost Implications of Utilizing a Dietary Intervention to Lower LDL Cholesterol: Proof of Concept Actuarial Analysis and Recommendations. Curr Cardiol Rep 2020; 22:138. [PMID: 32910320 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-020-01397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To determine if subsidizing the cost of a food-based intervention for managing hyperlipidemia could be cost-effective under commercial insurance and/or Medicare coverage scenarios. RECENT FINDINGS A large number of patients eligible for pharmaceutical treatment of hyperlipidemia either cannot or will not use lipid lowering drugs, leaving them at increased cardiovascular risk. Lipid levels can be modified by diet, but food has never enjoyed covered benefit status. We evaluated the financial implications of providing insurance coverage for a specifically formulated suite of food products previously documented to yield statistically significant lipid reductions, using multiple product uptake and lipid impact scenarios in both commercially covered and Medicare-covered populations. Even after controlling for multiple confounders, we noted positive payback on subsidizing the cost of lipid-lowering foods under all scenarios. Addressing a root cause of hyperlipidemia by directly encouraging dietary modification provides a cost-effective alternative for cholesterol management, especially for statin intolerant or statin unwilling patients.
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167
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Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Association with Signalling Pathways in Inflammation, Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176356. [PMID: 32887215 PMCID: PMC7503625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly acetate, propionate and butyrate, are mainly produced by anaerobic fermentation of gut microbes. SCFAs play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and energy supply, as well as maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal environment. In recent years, many studies have shown that SCFAs demonstrate physiologically beneficial effects, and the signalling pathways related to SCFA production, absorption, metabolism, and intestinal effects have been discovered. Two major signalling pathways concerning SCFAs, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRCs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), are well recognized. In this review, we summarize the recent advances concerning the biological properties of SCFAs and the signalling pathways in inflammation and glucose and lipid metabolism.
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168
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Trautwein EA, McKay S. The Role of Specific Components of a Plant-Based Diet in Management of Dyslipidemia and the Impact on Cardiovascular Risk. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2671. [PMID: 32883047 PMCID: PMC7551487 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Convincing evidence supports the intake of specific food components, food groups, or whole dietary patterns to positively influence dyslipidemia and to lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Specific macro- and micro-components of a predominantly plant-based dietary pattern are vegetable fats, dietary fibers, and phytonutrients such as phytosterols. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding effects of these components on lowering blood lipids, i.e., low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and on reducing CVD risk. The beneficial role of a plant-based diet on cardiovascular (CV) health has increasingly been recognized. Plant-based dietary patterns include a Mediterranean and Nordic diet pattern, the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), and Portfolio diet, as well as vegetarian- or vegan-type diet patterns. These diets have all been found to lower CVD-related risk factors like blood LDL-C, and observational study evidence supports their role in lowering CVD risk. These diet patterns are not only beneficial for dyslipidemia management and prevention of CVD but further contribute to reducing the impact of food choices on environmental degradation. Hence, the CV health benefits of a predominantly plant-based diet as a healthy and environmentally sustainable eating pattern are today recommended by many food-based dietary as well as clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sue McKay
- Upfield Research & Development, 3071 JL Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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169
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Adewole D. Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Coarse or Extruded Oat Hulls on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, Ceca Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1429. [PMID: 32824171 PMCID: PMC7459877 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with coarse or extruded oat hulls on growth performance, blood biochemistry, cecal microbiota, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in broiler chickens. Chickens were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments consisting of a corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet (Basal), Basal + Bacitracin methylenedisalicylate (BMD), Basal +3% coarse OH (COH), and basal +3% extruded OH (EOH). Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly. On day 36, eight chickens/treatment were euthanized, blood samples were collected, and organ weights were determined. Cecal digesta samples were collected for the determination of SCFA concentration and microbial DNA sequence. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS. Alpha diversity was estimated with the Shannon index, and the significance of diversity differences was tested with ANOVA. Birds fed COH and EOH had reduced (p < 0.05) BWG, but there was no effect of treatment on FCR. There was a significant increase (p = 0.0050) in relative gizzard empty weight among birds that were fed COH, compared to the other treatments. Dietary treatments had no effect on blood biochemical parameters and SCFA concentration. Cecal microbial composition of chickens was mostly comprised of Firmicutes and Tenericutes. Seven OTUs that were differentially abundant among treatments were identified. In conclusion, supplementation of broiler chickens' diets with 3% COH or EOH did not affect the FCR, blood biochemical parameters and SCFA concentration, but modified few cecal microbiota at the species level. Dietary supplementation with COH but not EOH significantly increased the relative gizzard weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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170
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Barkas F, Nomikos T, Liberopoulos E, Panagiotakos D. Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Individuals with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082436. [PMID: 32823643 PMCID: PMC7468930 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although a cholesterol-lowering diet and the addition of plant sterols and stanols are suggested for the lipid management of children and adults with familial hypercholesterolemia, there is limited evidence evaluating such interventions in this population. Objectives: To investigate the impact of cholesterol-lowering diet and other dietary interventions on the incidence or mortality of cardiovascular disease and lipid profile of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Search methods: Relevant trials were identified by searching US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Metabolism Trials Register and clinicaltrials.gov.gr using the following terms: diet, dietary, plant sterols, stanols, omega-3 fatty acids, fiber and familial hypercholesterolemia. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of cholesterol-lowering diet or other dietary interventions in children and adults with familial hypercholesterolemia were included. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of the included trials and their bias risk and extracted the data which was independently verified by other colleagues. Results: A total of 17 trials were finally included, with a total of 376 participants across 8 comparison groups. The included trials had either a low or unclear bias risk for most of the assessed risk parameters. Cardiovascular incidence or mortality were not evaluated in any of the included trials. Among the planned comparisons regarding patients’ lipidemic profile, a significant difference was noticed for the following comparisons and outcomes: omega-3 fatty acids reduced triglycerides (mean difference (MD): −0.27 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.47 to −0.07, p < 0.01) when compared with placebo. A non-significant trend towards a reduction in subjects’ total cholesterol (MD: −0.34, 95% CI: −0.68 to 0, mmol/L, p = 0.05) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: −0.31, 95% CI: −0.61 to 0, mmol/L, p = 0.05) was noticed. In comparison with cholesterol-lowering diet, the additional consumption of plant stanols decreased total cholesterol (MD: −0.62 mmol/L, 95% CI: −1.13 to −0.11, p = 0.02) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD: −0.58 mmol/L, 95% CI: −1.08 to −0.09, p = 0.02). The same was by plant sterols (MD: −0.46 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.17, p < 0.01 for cholesterol and MD: −0.45 mmol/L, 95% CI: −0.74 to −0.16, p < 0.01 for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). No heterogeneity was noticed among the studies included in these analyses. Conclusions: Available trials confirm that the addition of plant sterols or stanols has a cholesterol-lowering effect on such individuals. On the other hand, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids effectively reduces triglycerides and might have a role in lowering the cholesterol of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. Additional studies are needed to investigate the efficacy of cholesterol-lowering diet or the addition of soya protein and dietary fibers to a cholesterol-lowering diet in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotios Barkas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece; (F.B.); (E.L.)
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Tzortzis Nomikos
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelos Liberopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece; (F.B.); (E.L.)
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 176 71 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-9549332 or +30-210-9549100
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171
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van den Driessche JJ, Plat J, Konings MCJM, Mensink RP. Effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum lipid concentrations in non-hypercholesterolemic adult men and women. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2229-2236. [PMID: 31388739 PMCID: PMC7351869 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Consumption of the algae spirulina (Arthrospira platensis or maxima) and wakame (Undaria pinnatifida) has been shown to lower LDL cholesterol concentrations in animals and humans, possibly due to the inhibition of intestinal cholesterol absorption. This mechanism, however, has never been investigated in humans. Therefore, we examined in non-hypercholesterolemic men and women the effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on serum markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption. METHODS Thirty-five healthy men and women without hypercholesterolemia consumed in a random order daily 4.8 g spirulina, wakame or placebo for 17 days, separated by 14-day washouts. After 17 days, serum cholesterol-standardized campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol, and lathosterol concentrations were measured as markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and cholesterol synthesis, respectively. Concentrations of serum total cholesterol, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and plasma glucose, and blood pressure were measured as well. RESULTS Compared with placebo, spirulina or wakame did not affect serum cholesterol-standardized campesterol (CI - 0.23 to 0.10 μmol/mmol, P = 0.435 and CI - 0.14 to 0.19 μmol/mmol, P = 0.729, respectively), sitosterol (P = 0.314 and P = 0.112), cholestanol (P = 0.610 and P = 0.809), or lathosterol (P = 0.388 and P = 0.102) concentrations. In addition, serum lipid and plasma glucose concentrations, and blood pressure were not changed. CONCLUSIONS Daily consumption of 4.8 g spirulina or wakame for 17 days did not affect plasma markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis in non-hypercholesterolemic men and women. Serum lipid and glucose concentrations, and blood pressure were also not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J van den Driessche
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice C J M Konings
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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172
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Pagliai G, Venturi M, Dinu M, Galli V, Colombini B, Giangrandi I, Maggini N, Sofi F, Granchi L. Effect of consumption of ancient grain bread leavened with sourdough or with baker's yeast on cardio-metabolic risk parameters: a dietary intervention trial. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:367-374. [PMID: 32718191 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1799956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of consumption of ancient grain "Verna" bread obtained by two different leavening agents, sourdough (SD) and baker's yeast (BY), on inflammatory parameters and cardiometabolic risk factors. Seventeen clinically healthy subjects were included to consume SD or BY bread for 4 weeks each, and blood analyses were carried out. The consumption of "Verna" bread obtained with both leavening agents led to a significant improvement of LDL cholesterol. A reduction of -10.6% and -8.53% was observed after replacement with SD and BY bread, respectively. A significant increase in fasting blood glucose (+6%) was observed only after the intervention with BY bread. A 10.7% decrease of vascular endothelial growth factor was found after the SD bread replacement period. The consumption of "Verna" bread resulted significantly associated with an improvement in the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile. However, only consumption of BY bread determined a significant increase in blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuditta Pagliai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Monica Dinu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Viola Galli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Colombini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giangrandi
- Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Maggini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Sofi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Unit of Clinical Nutrition, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy.,Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation Italy, Onlus IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Granchi
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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173
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Asadi Z, Moghbeli M, Khayyatzadeh SS, Mohammadi Bajgiran M, Ghaffarian Zirak R, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Eidi M, Taheri Bonakdar M, Davari H, Mahmoudi AA, Sheikh Andalibi N, Ferns GA, Ghazizadeh H, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. A Positive Association between a Western Dietary Pattern and High LDL-C among Iranian Population. J Res Health Sci 2020; 20:e00485. [PMID: 33169717 PMCID: PMC7585768 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2020.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between the presence of dyslipidemia and major dietary patterns was examined in an adult Iranian population.
Study design: A cross-sectional study.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 4672 adults aged 35-65 yr old based on data from the Mashhad Stroke And Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) Study initiated in 2010. Anthropometric and blood laboratory measurements were collected for all participants. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis.
Results: The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 88% including elevated total cholesterol (38.9%), triglyceride (35.2%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (35.3) or decreased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (68.9%). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participants with higher scores for a Western pattern with lower physical activity level and educational attainment, and higher current smoking habit, increased the risk of having a raised LDL-C (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.34; P =0.02). However, there was no significant association between adherence to this dietary pattern and other types of dyslipidemia. There was no significant association between a balanced dietary pattern and dyslipidemia and its components (OR=0.90; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.18; P =0.431).
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia was more prevalent among individuals with higher consumption of a western dietary pattern. A direct association was found between adherence to Western dietary pattern and LDL-C level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Asadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Mohammadi Bajgiran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roshanak Ghaffarian Zirak
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Zare-Feyzabadi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Eidi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Taheri Bonakdar
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hafeze Davari
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sheikh Andalibi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Centre, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, UK
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174
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Daily mycoprotein consumption for 1 week does not affect insulin sensitivity or glycaemic control but modulates the plasma lipidome in healthy adults: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:147-160. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMycoprotein consumption has been shown to improve acute postprandial glycaemic control and decrease circulating cholesterol concentrations. We investigated the impact of incorporating mycoprotein into the diet on insulin sensitivity (IS), glycaemic control and plasma lipoprotein composition. Twenty healthy adults participated in a randomised, parallel-group trial in which they consumed a 7 d fully controlled diet where lunch and dinner contained either meat/fish (control group, CON) or mycoprotein (MYC) as the primary source of dietary protein. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed pre- and post-intervention, and 24 h continuous blood glucose monitoring was applied throughout. Fasting plasma samples were obtained pre- and post-intervention and were analysed using quantitative, targeted NMR-based metabonomics. There were no changes within or between groups in blood glucose or serum insulin responses, nor in IS or 24 h glycaemic profiles. No differences between groups were found for 171 of the 224 metabonomic targets. Forty-five lipid concentrations of different lipoprotein fractions (VLDL, LDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein and HDL) remained unchanged in CON but showed a coordinated decrease (7–27 %; all P < 0·05) in MYC. Total plasma cholesterol, free cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol, DHA and n-3 fatty acids decreased to a larger degree in MYC (14–19 %) compared with CON (3–11 %; P < 0·05). Substituting meat/fish for mycoprotein twice daily for 1 week did not modulate whole-body IS or glycaemic control but resulted in changes to plasma lipid composition, the latter primarily consisting of a coordinated reduction in circulating cholesterol-containing lipoproteins.
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175
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Valls RM, Pedret A, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Pla-Pagà L, Companys J, Moragas A, Martín-Luján F, Ortega Y, Giralt M, Romeu M, Rubió L, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Canela N, Puiggrós F, Caimari A, Del Bas JM, Arola L, Solà R. Effects of hesperidin in orange juice on blood and pulse pressures in mildly hypertensive individuals: a randomized controlled trial (Citrus study). Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1277-1288. [PMID: 32661681 PMCID: PMC7987641 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To assess the sustained and acute effects, as well as the influence of sustained consumption on the acute effects, of orange juice (OJ) with a natural hesperidin content and hesperidin-enriched OJ (EOJ) on blood (BP) and pulse (PP) pressures in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. Methods In a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, participants (n = 159) received 500 mL/day of control drink, OJ, or EOJ for 12 weeks. Two dose–response studies were performed at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results A single EOJ dose (500 mL) reduced systolic BP (SBP) and PP, with greater changes after sustained treatment where a decrease in diastolic BP (DBP) also occurred (P < 0.05). SBP and PP decreased in a dose-dependent manner relative to the hesperidin content of the beverages throughout the 12 weeks (P < 0.05). OJ and EOJ decreased homocysteine levels at 12 weeks versus the control drink (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of EOJ consumption, four genes related to hypertension (PTX3, NLRP3, NPSR1 and NAMPT) were differentially expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion Hesperidin in OJ reduces SBP and PP after sustained consumption, and after a single dose, the chronic consumption of EOJ enhances its postprandial effect. Decreases in systemic and transcriptomic biomarkers were concomitant with BP and PP changes. EOJ could be a useful co-adjuvant tool for BP and PP management in pre- and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02279-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Valls
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain.
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain.
| | - Lorena Calderón-Pérez
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Llauradó
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Pla-Pagà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Judit Companys
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Ana Moragas
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisco Martín-Luján
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre El Morell, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Ortega
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Jaume I, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
- Primary Care Centre Salou, Institut Català de la Salut, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montse Giralt
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Marta Romeu
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Food Technology Department, XaRTA-TPV, Agrotecnio Center, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Agrària, University of Lleida, Av/ Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences, Reus, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggrós
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Grup de Recerca en Nutrigenòmica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de La Salut, Reus, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av. de La Universitat, 1, 43204, Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
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176
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Cho JM, Chae J, Jeong SR, Moon MJ, Ha KC, Kim S, Lee JH. The cholesterol-lowering effect of unripe Rubus coreanus is associated with decreased oxidized LDL and apolipoprotein B levels in subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels: a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:166. [PMID: 32646501 PMCID: PMC7350759 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubus coreanus (R. coreanus) possesses properties that may decrease cholesterol levels. METHODS The effects of unripe R. coreanus (uRC) consumption on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol levels related to decreased circulating apolipoprotein (Apo) B and oxidized LDL levels were evaluated. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included subjects with borderline-high cholesterol levels (between 200 and 239 mg/dL) who consumed one capsule daily containing 600 mg of freeze-dried uRC extract (n = 39) or the placebo (n = 38). RESULTS After 12 weeks, the uRC group showed reductions of 21.23 ± 4.36 mg/dL in total cholesterol levels (P = 0.007) and 15.61 ± 4.16 mg/dL in LDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.032). In addition, significantly greater reductions in Apo B levels were observed in the uRC group (- 3.48 ± 3.40 mg/dL), but Apo B levels were increased in the placebo group (6.21 ± 2.84 mg/dL; P = 0.032). Furthermore, a remarkably lower oxidized LDL level was detected in the uRC group (57.76 ± 2.07 U/L) than in the placebo group (66.09 ± 3.47 U/L) after 12 weeks of consumption (P = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS Because of its cholesterol-lowering effect, uRC shows great promise as a therapeutic agent for subjects with borderline-high total blood cholesterol levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03649620 (8/28/2018, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Cho
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jisuk Chae
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sa Rang Jeong
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Moon
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki-Chan Ha
- Healthcare Claims & Management Incorporation, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunoh Kim
- B&Tech Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Gwangju, 61239, South Korea.
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- National Leading Research Laboratory of Clinical Nutrigenetics/Nutrigenomics, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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177
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Dietary Fiber from Underutilized Plant Resources—A Positive Approach for Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12135401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agri-food industries generate enormous amounts of fruit and vegetable processing wastes, which opens up an important research area aimed towards minimizing and managing them efficiently to support zero wastes and/or circular economy concept. These wastes remain underutilized owing to a lack of appropriate processing technologies vital for their efficient valorization, especially for recovery of health beneficial bioactives like dietary fibers. Dietary fiber finds wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries and holds high promise as a potential food additive and/or as a functional food ingredient to meet the techno-functional purposes important for developing health-promoting value-added products. Based on this, the present review has been designed to support ‘zero waste’ and ‘waste to wealth’ concepts. In addition, the focus revolves around providing updated information on various sustainability challenges incurred towards valorization of fruit and vegetable wastes for extraction of health promoting dietary fibers.
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178
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Bergamin A, Mantzioris E, Cross G, Deo P, Garg S, Hill AM. Nutraceuticals: Reviewing their Role in Chronic Disease Prevention and Management. Pharmaceut Med 2020; 33:291-309. [PMID: 31933188 DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Over half the adult population in many Western countries consume nutraceuticals because of their purported therapeutic benefits, accessibility and convenience. Several studies have demonstrated that they may also serve as a useful adjunct to pharmaceuticals to better manage chronic conditions or offset negative side effects. Individuals are advised to consult their physician before using nutraceuticals, but this advice is often overlooked. Thus, the community pharmacist plays an increasingly important role in assisting consumers with selecting a nutraceutical that is safe and for which there is evidence of therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarise the clinical evidence, safety and purported mechanisms of action for selected nutraceuticals in the management of chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and inflammatory-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Bergamin
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Giordana Cross
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Permal Deo
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sanjay Garg
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M Hill
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.
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179
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Kameyama N, Maruyama C, Shijo Y, Umezawa A, Sato A, Ayaori M, Ikewaki K, Waki M, Teramoto T. Comparison of Food and Nutrient Intakes between Japanese Dyslipidemic Patients with and without Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering Drug Therapy: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:683-694. [PMID: 31582622 PMCID: PMC7406408 DOI: 10.5551/jat.52316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to clarify actual food and nutrient intakes in Japanese patients with dyslipidemia. We also compared food and nutrient intakes between patients with and without low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering drug therapy. Methods: Food and nutrient intakes were assessed employing 3-day weighted dietary records in this cross-sectional study of 104 Japanese outpatients with dyslipidemia, age 30–65 years, not given dietary counseling. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured after an overnight fast. Food and nutrient intakes were compared between patients with versus without LDL-C lowering drug prescriptions. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to identify relationships between the serum LDL-C concentrations and food intakes. Results: Of the 104 patients, 43.3% were prescribed LDL-C lowering drugs, primarily statins. Of the total patients, 83% had lipid intakes over 25% of total energy consumption (%E), exceeding the recommendation for dyslipidemia by the Japan Atherosclerosis Society. Similarly, 77% had saturated fatty acid intakes over 7%E, and 88% had cholesterol intakes over 200 mg per day. Dietary fiber consumption was low (< 25 g) in 97% of patients. Those taking LDL-C lowering drugs consumed less “meat, poultry and processed meat products” and “cereals”, and more “fish”, “fruits” and “nuts”, than patients not taking these drugs (p < 0.05). Food intakes correlating with LDL-C concentrations independently of drug therapy differed between patients taking versus not taking these medications. Conclusion: Our results support the necessity of diet therapy for patients with dyslipidemia regardless of whether LDL-C lowering drugs are prescribed. The clinical trial registration number: UMIN000022955
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kameyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University.,Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Yuri Shijo
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Ariko Umezawa
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | - Aisa Sato
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Sciences and Design, Japan Women's University
| | | | - Katsunori Ikewaki
- Tokorozawa Heart Center.,Division of Neurology, Anti-Aging, and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College
| | | | - Tamio Teramoto
- Teikyo Academic Research Center, Teikyo University.,Teramoto Medical and Dental Clinic
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180
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Partula V, Deschasaux M, Druesne-Pecollo N, Latino-Martel P, Desmetz E, Chazelas E, Kesse-Guyot E, Julia C, Fezeu LK, Galan P, Hercberg S, Mondot S, Lantz O, Quintana-Murci L, Albert ML, Duffy D, Srour B, Touvier M. Associations between consumption of dietary fibers and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, type 2 diabetes, and mortality in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:195-207. [PMID: 32369545 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mounting evidence, yet with varying levels of proof, suggests that dietary fibers (DFs) may exert a protective role against various chronic diseases, but this might depend on the DF type and source. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to assess the associations between the intake of DFs of different types [total (TDF), soluble (SF), insoluble (IF)] and from different sources (fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, potatoes and tubers) and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and mortality in the large-scale NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort (2009-2019). METHODS Overall, 107,377 participants were included. Usual DF intake was estimated from validated repeated 24-h dietary records over the first 2 y following inclusion in the cohort. Associations between sex-specific quintiles of DF intake and the risk of chronic diseases and mortality were assessed using multiadjusted Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS T2D risk was inversely associated with TDFs [HR for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 0.59 (95% CI: 0.42, 0.82), P-trend <0.001], SFs [HR: 0.77 (0.56, 1.08); P-trend = 0.02], and IFs [HR: 0.69 (0.50, 0.96); P-trend = 0.004]. SFs were associated with a decreased risk of CVD [HR: 0.80 (0.66, 0.98); P-trend = 0.01] and colorectal cancer [HR: 0.41 (0.21, 0.79); P-trend = 0.01]. IFs were inversely associated with mortality from cancer or CVDs [HR: 0.65 (0.45, 0.94); P-trend = 0.02]. TDF intake was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer [HR:: 0.79 (0.54, 1.13); P-trend = 0.04]. DF intake from fruit was associated with the risk of several chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that DF intake, especially SFs and DFs from fruits, was inversely associated with the risk of several chronic diseases and with mortality. Further studies are needed, involving different types and sources of fiber. Meanwhile, more emphasis should be put on DFs in public health nutrition policies, as DF intake remains below the recommended levels in many countries. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Partula
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Université de Paris, Université Paris-VII Denis Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Elisa Desmetz
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Eloi Chazelas
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Hôpital Avicenne (Hôpitaux Universitaires 93/AP-HP), Bobigny, France
| | - Stanislas Mondot
- MICALIS (INRAE/Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Curie Institute, PSL University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.,Clinical Investigation Center CIC-BT1428 (Institut Gustave Roussy/Institut Curie), INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lluis Quintana-Murci
- Human Evolutionary Genetics laboratory (CNRS URA3012/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Insitro, San Fransisco, CA, USA
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells laboratory (INSERM U1223/Institut Pasteur), Paris, France
| | | | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Centre-University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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181
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Migliaccio S, Brasacchio C, Pivari F, Salzano C, Barrea L, Muscogiuri G, Savastano S, Colao A. What is the best diet for cardiovascular wellness? A comparison of different nutritional models. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2020; 10:50-61. [PMID: 32714512 PMCID: PMC7371887 DOI: 10.1038/s41367-020-0018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent to date the leading cause of mortality in both genders in the developed countries. In this context, a strong need for CVD prevention is emerging through lifestyle modification and nutrition. In fact, several studies linked CVD with unhealthy nutrition, alcohol consumption, stress, and smoking, together with a low level of physical activity. Thus, the primary aim is to prevent and reduce CVD risk factors, such as impaired lipid and glycemic profiles, high blood pressure and obesity. Different types of diet have been, therefore, established to optimize the approach regarding this issue such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH), vegetarian diet, ketogenic diet, and Japanese diet. Depending on the diet type, recommendations generally emphasize subjects to increase vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and pulses consumption, but discourage or recommend eliminating red meat, sweets, and sugar-sweetened beverages, along with processed foods that are high in sugar, salt, fat, or low in dietary fiber. In particular, we evaluated and compared the peculiar aspects of these well-known dietary patterns and, thus, this review evaluates the critical factors that increase CVD risk and the potential application and benefits of nutritional protocols to ameliorate dietary and lifestyle patterns for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Migliaccio
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Pivari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ciro Salzano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - on behalf of Obesity Programs of nutrition, Education, Research and Assessment (OPERA) Group
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Health Sciences Section, University “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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182
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Malinowski B, Fajardo Leighton RI, Hill CG, Szandorowski P, Wiciński M. Bioactive Compounds and Their Effect on Blood Pressure-A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1659. [PMID: 32503160 PMCID: PMC7352988 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated blood pressure affects a great part of the elderly population and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. New approaches have been taken in the fight against this growing problem, in the form of diets (Mediterranean, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and intermittent fasting). Recent research has shown the promising results regarding diets and their effect on the prevention and improvement of elevated blood pressure. This review attempts to take this a step further, reviewing 26 studies in the search for dietary elements that may be causing this improvement. Although good evidence was found in favor of lycopene, Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fiber and anthocyanin, further evidence is needed before any conclusions can be made. In contrast, the evidence shows that licorice increases blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85–090 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (R.I.F.L.); (C.G.H.); (P.S.); (M.W.)
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183
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Eloranta AM, Sallinen T, Viitasalo A, Lintu N, Väistö J, Jalkanen H, Tompuri TT, Soininen S, Haapala EA, Kiiskinen S, Schnurr TM, Kilpeläinen TO, Mikkonen S, Savonen K, Atalay M, Brage S, Laaksonen DE, Lindi V, Ågren J, Schwab U, Jääskeläinen J, Lakka TA. The effects of a 2-year physical activity and dietary intervention on plasma lipid concentrations in children: the PANIC Study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:425-434. [PMID: 32367254 PMCID: PMC7867543 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We studied the effects of a physical activity and dietary intervention on plasma lipids in a general population of children. We also investigated how lifestyle changes contributed to the intervention effects. METHODS We carried out a 2-year controlled, non-randomized lifestyle intervention study among 504 mainly prepubertal children aged 6-9 years at baseline. We assigned 306 children to the intervention group and 198 children to the control group. We assessed plasma concentrations of total, LDL, HDL, and VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL triglycerides, and VLDL triglycerides. We evaluated the consumption of foods using 4-day food records and physical activity using a movement and heart rate sensor. We analyzed data using linear mixed-effect models adjusted for age at baseline, sex, and pubertal stage at both time points. Furthermore, specific lifestyle variables were entered in these models. RESULTS Plasma LDL cholesterol decreased in the intervention group but did not change in the control group ( - 0.05 vs. 0.00 mmol/L, regression coefficient (β) = - 0.0385, p = 0.040 for group*time interaction). This effect was mainly explained by the changes in the consumption of high-fat vegetable oil-based spreads (β = - 0.0203, + 47% change in β) and butter-based spreads (β = - 0.0294, + 30% change in β), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (β = - 0.0268, + 30% change in β), light physical activity (β = - 0.0274, + 29% change in β) and sedentary time (β = - 0.0270, + 30% change in β). The intervention had no effect on other plasma lipids. CONCLUSION Lifestyle intervention resulted a small decrease in plasma LDL cholesterol concentration in children. The effect was explained by changes in quality and quantity of dietary fat and physical activity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER NCT01803776, ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino-Maija Eloranta
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Taisa Sallinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland. .,Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anna Viitasalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lintu
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Väistö
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna Jalkanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomo T Tompuri
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sonja Soininen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Social and Health Center, City of Varkaus, Varkaus, Finland
| | - Eero A Haapala
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sanna Kiiskinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tuomas O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Santtu Mikkonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mustafa Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Laaksonen
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Virpi Lindi
- University of Eastern Finland Library Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jyrki Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo Jääskeläinen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
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184
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Katagiri R, Goto A, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Noda M, Iso H, Tsugane S. Dietary fiber intake and total and cause-specific mortality: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:1027-1035. [PMID: 31990973 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse association has been shown between dietary fiber intake and several noncommunicable diseases. However, evidence of this effect remains unclear in the Asian population. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between dietary fiber intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, as well as the association between fiber intake from dietary sources and all-cause mortality. METHODS We conducted a large-scale population-based cohort study (Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study). A validated questionnaire with 138 food items was completed by 92,924 participants (42,754 men and 50,170 women) aged 45-74 y. Dietary fiber intake was calculated and divided into quintiles. HR and 95% CI of total and cause-specific mortality were reported. RESULTS During the mean follow-up of 16.8 y, 19,400 deaths were identified. In multivariable adjusted models, total, soluble, and insoluble fiber intakes were inversely associated with all-cause mortality. The HRs of total mortality in the highest quintile of total fiber intake compared with the lowest quintile were 0.77 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.82; Ptrend <0.0001) in men and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.76, 0.89; Ptrend <0.0001) in women. Increased quintiles of dietary fiber intake were significantly associated with decreased mortality due to total cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and injury in both men and women, whereas dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with cancer mortality in men but not women. Fiber from fruits, beans, and vegetables, but not from cereals, was inversely associated with total mortality. CONCLUSION In this large-scale prospective study with a long follow-up period, dietary fiber was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Since intakes of dietary fiber, mainly from fruits, vegetables, and beans were associated with lower all-cause mortality, these food sources may be good options for people aiming to consume more fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Katagiri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Noda
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Ichikawa Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, Kounodai, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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185
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Jenkins DJA, Srichaikul KK, Kendall CWC, Sievenpiper JL. Bean, fruit, and vegetable fiber, but not cereal fiber are associated with reduced mortality in Japan. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:941-943. [PMID: 32219427 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Korbua Kristie Srichaikul
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyril W C Kendall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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186
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Alim A, Li T, Nisar T, Ren D, Liu Y, Yang X. Consumption of two whole kiwifruit (Actinide chinensis) per day improves lipid homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota in healthy rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 156:186-195. [PMID: 32278604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Golden kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) peel is a by-product enriched with polyphenols. The effects of fleshes of two Actinidia chinensis fruits (ACF) and fleshes with peels of two Actinidia chinensis fruits (ACFP) on lipid homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota was investigated in healthy rats. Intervention of ACF and ACFP for 4 weeks significantly reduced total cholesterol, total triglycerides, and increased the high-density lipoprotein levels in rats. ACF and ACFP ameliorated lipid peroxidation in rats, by the lowering hepatic MDA level and enhancing GSH-Px and SOD activities. In addition, ACFP significantly decreased the saturated fatty acids in serum and increased the polyunsaturated fatty acids in hepatic and serum of rats. Analysis of gut microbiota revealed that ACF and ACFP evidently increased the microbial richness and diversity of gut microbiota. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly reduced from 3.04 in ND group to 1.34 and 2.12 in ACF and ACFP groups, respectively. Moreover, ACF and ACFP significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Barnesiella) and reduced harmful bacteria (Enterococcus, Escherichia, and Staphylococcus). Overall, ACFP exerts more potent health-improving effects than ACF. Our study provides a scientific basis for the development of kiwifruit (including pericarp)-based novel natural products with significant health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamina Alim
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ting Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Tanzeela Nisar
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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187
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Adair KE, Bowden RG. Ameliorating Chronic Kidney Disease Using a Whole Food Plant-Based Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1007. [PMID: 32268544 PMCID: PMC7230354 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches to ameliorating chronic kidney disease (CKD) are warranted as most patients are undiagnosed until they begin displaying symptoms of kidney failure. There is increasing evidence that a whole food plant-based (WFPB) diet may offer benefits that slow the progression of CKD, decrease the incidence cardiovascular disease, decrease rates of diabetes and obesity, and reduce inflammation and cholesterol, which in turn can delay kidney failure and the initiation of dialysis. While animal-based protein ingestion promotes an acidic environment, inflammation and renal hyperfiltration, study authors report plant-based protein can be alkaline-producing and anti-inflammatory and can contain renoprotective properties. Although there may be benefits to adopting a WFPB diet, macronutrient and micronutrient content should be carefully considered and adjusted to avoid malnutrition in CKD patients. Further research needs to be done in order to establish the biological plausibility and feasibility of a WFPB in individuals with diagnosed CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E. Adair
- Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97303 Waco, TX 76798-7303, USA
| | - Rodney G. Bowden
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97303 Waco, TX 76798-7303, USA;
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188
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The Effects of Different Degrees of Carbohydrate Restriction and Carbohydrate Replacement on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers in Humans-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040991. [PMID: 32252374 PMCID: PMC7230871 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) often differ in their diet composition, which may lead to conflicting results between randomized controlled trials. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of different degrees of carbohydrate (CHO) restriction on cardiometabolic risk markers in humans. The experimental LCDs of 37 human trials were classified as (1) moderate-low CHO diets (<45–40 E%, n = 13), (2) low CHO diets (<40–30 E%, n = 16), and (3) very-low CHO diets (<30–3 E%; n = 8). Summary estimates of weighted mean differences (WMDs) in selected risk markers were calculated using random-effect meta-analyses. Differences between the LCD groups were assessed with univariate meta-regression analyses. Overall, the LCDs resulted in significant weight loss, reduced diastolic blood pressure BP, and increased total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), without significant differences between the three LCD groups. Higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations were found with the very-low CHO diets compared to the moderate-low CHO diets. Decreases in triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations were more pronounced with the low and very-low CHO diets, compared to the moderate-low CHO diets. Substitution of CHO by mainly saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased total cholesterol, LDL-C, and HDL-C concentrations. Except for LDL-C and TAGs, effects were not related to the degree of CHO restriction. Potential effects of nutrient exchanges should be considered when following LCDs.
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189
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Vuksan V, Sievenpiper JL, Jovanovski E, Jenkins AL, Komishon A, Au-Yeung F, Zurbau A, Ho HVT, Li D, Smircic-Duvnjak L. Effect of soluble-viscous dietary fibre on coronary heart disease risk score across 3 population health categories: data from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:801-804. [PMID: 32213141 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We applied the Framingham risk equation in healthy, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes populations, following treatment with viscous fibre from konjac-based blend (KBB). KBB yielded reduction in estimated risk score by 16% (1.04 ± 0.03 vs. 0.87 ± 0.04, p < 0.01) in type 2 diabetes, 24% (1.08 ± 0.01 vs. 0.82 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) in metabolic syndrome, and 25% (1.09 ± 0.05 vs. 0.82 ± 0.06, p < 0.01) in healthy individuals. Drivers for decreased risk were improvements in blood cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. The composite coronary heart disease risk across populations was reduced 22% (p < 0.01). Novelty Viscous fibre from konjac-xanthan reduced 10-year relative coronary heart disease using Framingham Risk Score across the glycemic status spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vuksan
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1A6, Canada
| | - John L Sievenpiper
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1A6, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Elena Jovanovski
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Alexandra L Jenkins
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Allison Komishon
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Fei Au-Yeung
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Andreea Zurbau
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hoang V T Ho
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dandan Li
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lea Smircic-Duvnjak
- Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolic Diseases Vuk Vrhovac, University Hospital Merkur, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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190
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Zhang W, Tang Y, Huang J, Yang Y, Yang Q, Hu H. Efficacy of inulin supplementation in improving insulin control, HbA1c and HOMA-IR in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:176-183. [PMID: 32523243 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that occurs among the general population. The insulin-lowering and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance-improving effects of inulin are unconfirmed. We conducted this meta-analysis to examine the efficiency and safety of inulin for improving insulin control, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published before June 1, 2019. In total, 225 randomized controlled trials regarding the efficiency of inulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to the efficacy of placebo or other treatments were examined. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 trials with a total of 661 participants were included. We concluded that inulin supplementation can significantly improve fasting plasma glucose (SMD = -0.55, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.36, p = 0), HOMA-IR (SMD = -0.81, 95% CI -1.59 to -0.03, p = 0.042) and HbA1c (SMD = -0.69, 95% CI -0.92 to -0.46, p = 0). Further subgroup analyses revealed a significant role of inulin supplementation for treatment durations ≥8 weeks (p = 0.038 for insulin, p = 0.002 for HOMA-IR, p = 0.032 for FPG, p = 0 for HbA1c).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinbing Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Hu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing, China
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191
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Cicero AF, Fogacci F, Veronesi M, Strocchi E, Grandi E, Rizzoli E, Poli A, Marangoni F, Borghi C. A randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Medium-Term Effects of Oat Fibers on Human Health: The Beta-Glucan Effects on Lipid Profile, Glycemia and inTestinal Health (BELT) Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030686. [PMID: 32138344 PMCID: PMC7146517 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Beta-glucan Effects on Lipid profile, glycemia and inTestinal health (BELT) Study investigated the effect of 3 g/day oat beta-glucans on plasma lipids, fasting glucose and self-perceived intestinal well-being. The Study was an 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over randomized clinical trial, enrolling a sample of 83 Italian free-living subjects, adherent to Mediterranean diet, with a moderate hypercholesterolemia and a low cardiovascular risk profile. Beta-glucans reduced mean LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) levels from baseline by 12.2% (95%CI: -15.4 to -3.8) after 4 weeks of supplementation and by 15.1% (95%CI: -17.8 to -5.9) after 8 weeks of supplementation (p < 0.01 for both comparison and versus placebo). Between baseline and 4 weeks Total Cholesterol (TC) levels showed an average reduction of 6.5% (95%CI: -10.9 to -1.9) in the beta-glucan sequence; while non-HDL-C plasma concentrations decreased by 11.8% (95%CI: -14.6 to -4.5). Moreover, after 8 weeks of beta-glucan supplementation TC was reduced by 8.9% (95%CI: -12.6 to -2.3) and non-HDL-C levels by 12.1% (95%CI: -15.6 to -5.3). Decreses in TC and non HDL-C were significant also versus placebo (respectively p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 to both follow-up visits). Fasting plasma glucose and self-perceived intestinal well-being were not affected by both beta-glucan and placebo supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F.G. Cicero
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Maddalena Veronesi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Enrico Strocchi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisa Grandi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Rizzoli
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia 38, 20124 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Franca Marangoni
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Viale Tunisia 38, 20124 Milan, Italy; (A.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Atherosclerosis and Hypertension Research Group, Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Sant’Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Building 2-IV Floor, Via Albertoni 15, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.F.); (M.V.); (E.S.); (E.G.); (E.R.); (C.B.)
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192
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Comprehensive structural analysis of a set of various branched glucans by standard methylation analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI-mass spectrometry, and capillary electrophoresis. Carbohydr Res 2020; 489:107933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.107933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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193
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Hadi A, Askarpour M, Ziaei R, Venkatakrishnan K, Ghaedi E, Ghavami A. Impact of flaxseed supplementation on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1599-1608. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA Tehran Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Rahele Ziaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | | | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC)Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS) Tehran Iran
| | - Abed Ghavami
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
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194
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Iida H, Sasaki M, Maehira H, Mori H, Yasukawa D, Takebayashi K, Kurihara M, Bamba S, Tani M. The effect of preoperative synbiotic treatment to prevent surgical-site infection in hepatic resection. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 66:67-73. [PMID: 32001959 PMCID: PMC6983438 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.19-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the influence of preoperative synbiotic therapy on surgical-site infections (SSIs) after hepatic resection. Between January 2011 and December 2017, 284 patients who underwent hepatic resection without biliary tract reconstruction and resection of other organs were included. We prospectively administered Clostridium butyricum and partially hydrolyzed guar gum before hepatic resection between April 2016 and December 2017 (synbiotic group). One-hundred-fifteen patients of the synbiotic group and 169 patients (conventional group) treated between January 2011 and the end of March 2016 were compared using propensity score matching. The frequency of laparoscopic resection was significantly larger in the synbiotic group (conventional group; 28% vs synbiotic group; 55%, p<0.001) and the amount of intraoperative bleeding was significantly smaller in the synbiotic group (median; conventional group, 700 ml vs synbiotic group, 200 ml; p<0.001). The postoperative SSI was significantly lower in the synbiotic group of six patients (5.2%) than in the conventional group of 30 patients (17.8%) (p = 0.002). Sixty patients in each group remained after propensity score matching. There was no significant difference in the incidence of SSI between the groups (conventional group, 15% vs synbiotic group, 6.7%; p = 0.239). In conclusion, preoperative synbiotic treatment did not reduce SSIs after hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Iida
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaya Sasaki
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maehira
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Haruki Mori
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Daiki Yasukawa
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Katsushi Takebayashi
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Mika Kurihara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Bamba
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Masaji Tani
- Department of Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
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195
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Bile acid-binding capacity of lobster shell-derived chitin, chitosan and chitooligosaccharides. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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196
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Giri NA, Sakhale BK. Optimization of whey protein concentrate and psyllium husk for the development of protein-fiber rich orange fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) bread by using response surface methodology. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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197
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Park SY, Oh TS, Kim GW, Kim HY. Quality properties of various dietary fibers as isolated soy protein (ISP) replacements in pork emulsion systems. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:94-102. [PMID: 32082603 PMCID: PMC7008126 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the possibility of replacing the isolated soy protein (ISP) as a binding agent for wheat, oat, and bamboo shoot dietary fibers. Dietary fibers and ISP were added to manufacturing process of pork emulsion, respectively, for investigate quality properties. Moisture contents of pork emulsion added wheat fiber-treated group was significantly higher than ISP-treated group (p < 0.05), and protein contents of dietary fiber-treated group were significantly lower than ISP-treated group (p < 0.05). Raw pork emulsion CIE a* value of oat, bamboo shoot fiber-treated group were significantly lower than ISP-treated group (p < 0.05). After cooking pork emulsion CIE L* value of dietary fiber-treated group were significantly higher than ISP-treated group (p < 0.05). Raw pork emulsion water holding capacity (WHC) of wheat, oat fiber-treated group were significantly higher than ISP-treated group (p < 0.05), and cooked pork emulsion WHC of wheat, bamboo shoot fiber-treated group were higher than ISP-treated group (p < 0.05). Cooking loss of ISP-treated group was significantly higher than dietary fiber-treated group (p < 0.05), and viscosity of ISP-treated group was lower than dietary fiber-treated group. Hardness of ISP-treated group was significantly lower than dietary fiber-treated group (p < 0.05); however, cohesiveness of ISP-treated group was significantly higher than dietary fiber-treated group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary fiber added as binding agent to manufacturing process of pork emulsion was suitable to replacing ISP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Young Park
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Oh
- Department of Plant Resources, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Gye-Woong Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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198
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Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed a global rise in the number of older individuals. Despite this demographic shift, morbidity within this population group is high. Many factors influence healthspan; however, an obesity pandemic is emerging as a significant determinant of older people's health. It is well established that obesity adversely affects several metabolic systems. However, due to its close association with overall cardiometabolic health, the impact that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism needs to be recognised. The aim of the present review is to critically discuss the effects that obesity has on cholesterol metabolism and to reveal its significance for healthy ageing.
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199
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Effects of Extrinsic Wheat Fiber Supplementation on Fecal Weight; A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020298. [PMID: 31979019 PMCID: PMC7070730 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fiber intake may confer beneficial effects on health. Our objective was to investigate the impact of 10 g extrinsic wheat fiber on fecal bulk. Therefore, we performed two randomized intervention studies in which we provided extrinsic wheat fiber-enriched products or appropriate control products for five days together with normal diet. In one trial, 10 participants received fiber-enriched food products, whereas in the second study, 19 participants supplemented their daily diet with fiber-enriched drinks. The main outcome variable of this intervention was fecal bulk. Other outcomes were gut microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids in feces, and stool consistency and frequency. Fecal wet weight was significantly increased (p < 0.02) with extrinsic wheat fiber-enriched foods. In contrast, ingestion of extrinsic wheat fiber in the form of drinks did not significantly change fecal wet weight. In both groups, fecal dry weight was not altered upon extrinsic wheat fiber supplementation. However, the intake of fiber-enriched foods resulted in higher acetic acid levels in feces compared to fiber-enriched drinks. Regarding gut microbiota profiles, extrinsic wheat fiber-enriched food products were not associated with substantial alterations. In conclusion, 10 g extrinsic wheat fiber added to a normal diet increased fecal bulk if administered in a solid food matrix, but not if applied in the form of drinks. DRKS, DRKS00015792.Registered 30 October 2018.
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200
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Notara V, Legkou M, Kanellopoulou A, Antonogeorgos G, Rojas-Gil AP, Kornilaki EN, Konstantinou E, Lagiou A, Panagiotakos DB. Lack of association between dietary fibres intake and childhood obesity: an epidemiological study among preadolescents in Greece. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 71:635-643. [PMID: 31928243 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1712681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary fibres intake is associated with childhood obesity. From 2014 to 2016, a sample of 1728 Greek boys and girls students, 10-12 years and their parents were enrolled in the study. Dietary fibres intake was assessed through food questionnaires and child's body mass status was defined according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF)'s criteria. Prevalence of combined overweight/obesity was 26.7%, with boys having significantly higher prevalence than girls (31.5 versus 24.7%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis, after various adjustments were made, revealed no association between dietary fibres intake and obesity/overweight (Odds Ratio = 0.76; 95% CI 0.48, 1.19). The lack of an association between dietary fibres intake and overweight/obesity status among pre-adolescents could be attributed to various reasons such as, methodological issues reflecting the study's design, the measurement of exposure or due to true absence of a relationship. Nevertheless, fibres consumption should not be prevented, but, promoted under the context of a balanced diet, because of their numerous pleiotropic health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.,Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Legkou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kanellopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - George Antonogeorgos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Ekaterina N Kornilaki
- Department of Preschool Education, School of Education, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Konstantinou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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