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Franco ME, Fernandez-Luna MT, Ramirez AJ, Lavado R. Metabolomic-based assessment reveals dysregulation of lipid profiles in human liver cells exposed to environmental obesogens. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 398:115009. [PMID: 32353385 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Significant attention has been given to the potential of environmental chemicals to disrupt lipid homeostasis at the cellular level. These chemicals, classified as obesogens, are abundantly used in a wide variety of consumer products. However, there is a significant lack of information regarding the mechanisms by which environmental exposure can contribute to the onset of obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Several studies have described the interaction of potential obesogens with lipid-related peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR). However, no studies have quantified the degree of modification to lipidomic profiles in relevant human models, making it difficult to directly link PPAR agonists to the onset of lipid-related diseases. A quantitative metabolomic approach was used to examine the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in human liver cells upon exposure to potential obesogenic compounds. The chemicals rosiglitazone, perfluorooctanoic acid, di-2-ethylexylphthalate, and tributyltin significantly increased total lipids in liver cells, being diglycerides, triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines the most prominent. Contrarily, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and the pharmaceutical fenofibrate appeared to lower total lipid concentrations, especially those belonging to the acylcarnitine, ceramide, triglyceride, and phosphatidylcholine groups. Fluorescence microscopy analysis for cellular neutral lipids revealed significant lipid bioaccumulation upon exposure to obesogens at environmentally relevant concentrations. This integrated omics analysis provides unique mechanistic insight into the potential of these environmental pollutants to promote diseases like obesity and NAFLD. Furthermore, this study provides a significant contribution to advance the understanding of molecular signatures related to obesogenic chemicals and to the development of alternatives to in vivo experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco E Franco
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | | | - Alejandro J Ramirez
- Mass Spectrometry Center, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America
| | - Ramon Lavado
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, United States of America.
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152
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Impact of Isoorientin on Metabolic Activity and Lipid Accumulation in Differentiated Adipocytes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081773. [PMID: 32294890 PMCID: PMC7221924 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study explored the effect of isoorientin on the metabolic activity and lipid accumulation in fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. To achieve this, the 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were differentiated for eight days and treated with various concentrations of isoorientin (0.1–100 μM) for four hours. Subsequently, the metabolic activity, lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. Furthermore, to unravel the molecular mechanisms that might elucidate the bioactivity of isoorientin, protein expression of the genes involved in insulin signaling and energy expenditure, such as AKT and AMPK, were investigated. The results showed that isoorientin, at different doses, could block lipid storage and enhance glycerol release, with a concomitant improvement of the metabolic activity and mitochondrial function. Although the observed beneficial effects of isoorientin on these cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes were not consistent at all concentrations, it was clear that doses between 1 and 10 μM were most effective compared to the untreated control. Moreover, the activity of isoorientin was comparable to tested positive controls of CL-316,2431, isoproterenol, insulin, and metformin. Mechanistically, protein expression of AKT and AMPK, was enhanced with isoorientin exposure, suggesting their partial role in modulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Indeed, our results showed that isoorientin has the ability to enhance mitochondrial respiration, as we observed an increase in the ATP and oxygen consumption rate. Therefore, we concluded that isoorientin has a potential to impact mitochondrial activity, lipid metabolism and energy expenditure using an in vitro experimental model of obesity.
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153
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Fish KD, Rubio NR, Stout AJ, Yuen JSK, Kaplan DL. Prospects and challenges for cell-cultured fat as a novel food ingredient. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020; 98:53-67. [PMID: 32123465 PMCID: PMC7051019 DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro meat production has been proposed as a solution to environmental and animal welfare issues associated with animal agriculture. While most academic work on cell-cultured meat has focused on innovations for scalable muscle tissue culture, fat production is an important and often neglected component of this technology. Developing suitable biomanufacturing strategies for adipose tissue from agriculturally relevant animal species may be particularly beneficial due to the potential use of cell-cultured fat as a novel food ingredient. SCOPE AND APPROACH Here we review the relevant studies from areas of meat science, cell biology, tissue engineering, and bioprocess engineering to provide a foundation for the development of in vitro fat production systems. We provide an overview of adipose tissue biology and functionality with respect to meat products, then explore cell lines, bioreactors, and tissue engineering strategies of potential utility for in vitro adipose tissue production for food. Regulation and consumer acceptance are also discussed. KEY FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS Existing strategies and paradigms are insufficient to meet the full set of unique needs for a cell-cultured fat manufacturing platform, as tradeoffs are often present between simplicity, scalability, stability, and projected cost. Identification and validation of appropriate cell lines, bioprocess strategies, and tissue engineering techniques must therefore be an iterative process as a deeper understanding of the needs and opportunities for cell-cultured fat develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D Fish
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA 02155, United States
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154
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Suchý T, Zieschang C, Popkova Y, Kaczmarek I, Weiner J, Liebing AD, Çakir MV, Landgraf K, Gericke M, Pospisilik JA, Körner A, Heiker JT, Dannenberger D, Schiller J, Schöneberg T, Liebscher I, Thor D. The repertoire of Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors in adipocytes and their functional relevance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2124-2136. [PMID: 32203115 PMCID: PMC7508673 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) are well-characterized regulators of a plethora of physiological functions among them the modulation of adipogenesis and adipocyte function. The class of Adhesion GPCR (aGPCR) and their role in adipose tissue, however, is poorly studied. With respect to the demand for novel targets in obesity treatment, we present a comprehensive study on the expression and function of this enigmatic GPCR class during adipogenesis and in mature adipocytes. METHODS The expression of all aGPCR representatives was determined by reanalyzing RNA-Seq data and by performing qPCR in different mouse and human adipose tissues under low- and high-fat conditions. The impact of aGPCR expression on adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation was studied by siRNA-mediated knockdown of all expressed members of this receptor class. The biological characteristics and function of mature adipocytes lacking selected aGPCR were analyzed by mass spectrometry and biochemical methods (lipolysis, glucose uptake, adiponectin secretion). RESULTS More than ten aGPCR are significantly expressed in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and several aGPCR are differentially regulated under high-caloric conditions in human and mouse. Receptor knockdown of six receptors resulted in an impaired adipogenesis indicating their expression is essential for proper adipogenesis. The altered lipid composition was studied in more detail for two representatives, ADGRG2/GPR64 and ADGRG6/GPR126. While GPR126 is mainly involved in adipocyte differentiation, GPR64 has an additional role in mature adipocytes by regulating metabolic processes. CONCLUSIONS Adhesion GPCR are significantly involved in qualitative and quantitative adipocyte lipid accumulation and can control lipolysis. Factors driving adipocyte formation and function are governed by signaling pathways induced by aGPCR yielding these receptors potential targets for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Suchý
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Zieschang
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yulia Popkova
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aenne-Dorothea Liebing
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mehmet Volkan Çakir
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell biology, Medical Faculty, Halle University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Dannenberger
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schiller
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Liebscher
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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155
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Rivera Diaz PA, Gómez Camargo DE, Ondo-Méndez A, Gómez-Alegría CJ. A colorimetric bioassay for quantitation of both basal and insulin-induced glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipose cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03422. [PMID: 32140580 PMCID: PMC7049645 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The quantitation of glucose consumption in animal cell cultures is mainly based on the use of radiolabeled or fluorescent analogues, resulting in expensive and tedious procedures, requiring special equipment and, sometimes, with potential health and environmental risks. Objectives The objective of this work was to evaluate the application of a blood plasma colorimetric assay to quantify glucose consumption in in vitro cultures of adipose cells. Methods We worked with 3T3-L1 adipose cells differentiated by 7–8 days, which were exposed to different initial glucose concentrations (5.5, 2.8 and 1.4 mM) for variable times, either in the absence or the presence of 100 nM insulin. Using a commercial colorimetric glucose assay, extracellular glucose was determined, and glucose uptake was calculated as the difference between the initial and final glucose concentration. Results The colorimetric assay allowed us to quantify glucose uptake in our cell model, observing a linear response over time (r2≥0.9303) to the different glucose concentrations, both in the basal and insulin-induced condition. The insulin-stimulated glucose consumption was higher than basal consumption at all glucose concentrations evaluated, but significant differences were observed at 120-, 360- and 480-min in glucose 5.5 mM (p ≤ 0.01, n = 5), and 240 min in glucose 1.4 mM (p ≤ 0.01, n = 5). A Vmax of 4.1 and 5.9 nmol/ml/min (basal and insulin-induced, respectively) and a Km of 1.1 mM (same in basal vs insulin-stimulated) were calculated. The bioassay was also useful in a pharmacological context: in glucose 1.4 mM, glucose consumption showed an effect that depended on insulin concentration, with a calculated EC50 of 18.4 ± 1.1 nM. Conclusions A simple and low-cost bioassay is proposed to quantify glucose consumption in 3T3-L1 adipose cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A. Rivera Diaz
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de investigación UNIMOL, Av. Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
| | - Doris E. Gómez Camargo
- Universidad de Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina, Doctorado en Medicina Tropical del SUE Caribe, Grupo UNIMOL, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Ondo-Méndez
- Universidad del Rosario, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Grupo de Investigación Clínica, Colombia
| | - Claudio J. Gómez-Alegría
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Farmacia, Grupo de investigación UNIMOL, Av. Carrera 30 #45-03, Bogotá, Código Postal 111321, Colombia
- Corresponding author.
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156
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González-Casanova JE, Pertuz-Cruz SL, Caicedo-Ortega NH, Rojas-Gomez DM. Adipogenesis Regulation and Endocrine Disruptors: Emerging Insights in Obesity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7453786. [PMID: 32149131 PMCID: PMC7049431 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7453786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are defined as environmental pollutants capable of interfering with the functioning of the hormonal system. They are environmentally distributed as synthetic fertilizers, electronic waste, and several food additives that are part of the food chain. They can be considered as obesogenic compounds since they have the capacity to influence cellular events related to adipose tissue, altering lipid metabolism and adipogenesis processes. This review will present the latest scientific evidence of different EDs such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, "nonpersistent" phenolic compounds, triclosan, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and smoke-derived compounds (benzo -alpha-pyrene) and their influence on the differentiation processes towards adipocytes in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Liliana Pertuz-Cruz
- Programa de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Nutrición Humana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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157
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The role of ADP-ribose metabolism in metabolic regulation, adipose tissue differentiation, and metabolism. Genes Dev 2020; 34:321-340. [PMID: 32029456 PMCID: PMC7050491 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334284.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Szanto et al. summarize the metabolic regulatory roles of PARP enzymes and their associated pathologies. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs or ARTDs), originally described as DNA repair factors, have metabolic regulatory roles. PARP1, PARP2, PARP7, PARP10, and PARP14 regulate central and peripheral carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and often channel pathological disruptive metabolic signals. PARP1 and PARP2 are crucial for adipocyte differentiation, including the commitment toward white, brown, or beige adipose tissue lineages, as well as the regulation of lipid accumulation. Through regulating adipocyte function and organismal energy balance, PARPs play a role in obesity and the consequences of obesity. These findings can be translated into humans, as evidenced by studies on identical twins and SNPs affecting PARP activity.
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158
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Zagoriti Z, El Mubarak MA, Farsalinos K, Topouzis S. Effects of Exposure to Tobacco Cigarette, Electronic Cigarette and Heated Tobacco Product on Adipocyte Survival and Differentiation In Vitro. TOXICS 2020; 8:E9. [PMID: 32033401 PMCID: PMC7151757 DOI: 10.3390/toxics8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) causes significant morbidity worldwide, attributed to the numerous toxicants generated by tobacco combustion. Electronic cigarettes (ECIG) and heated tobacco products (HTP) are considered alternative smoking/vaping products that deliver nicotine through an inhaled aerosol and emit fewer harmful constituents than CS. However, their long-term impacts on human health are not well established. Nicotine exposure has been linked to lipolysis and body weight loss, while smoking has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. Enhanced function of beige (thermogenic) adipocytes has been proposed as a means to reduce obesity and metabolic disorders. In this study, we compared the effect of extract-enriched media via exposure of culture medium to CS, HTP aerosol, and ECIG aerosol on the viability and the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes to beige adipocytes. Only CS extract caused a decrease in cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, relative lipid accumulation and expression levels of the adipocyte markers Pgc-1α, Ppar-γ and Resistin were significantly decreased in cells exposed to CS extract. Our results demonstrate that CS extract, in contrast to HTP and ECIG extracts, significantly impairs differentiation of pre-adipocytes to beige adipocytes and may therefore impact significantly adipose tissue metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Zagoriti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (Z.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Mohamed A. El Mubarak
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Farsalinos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (Z.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Stavros Topouzis
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
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159
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Marrelli M, Statti G, Conforti F. A Review of Biologically Active Natural Products from Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants: Benefits in the Treatment of Obesity and Its Related Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030649. [PMID: 32028716 PMCID: PMC7036856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild foods constitute an essential component of people’s diets around the world. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over 100 million people in the EU consume wild foods, while 65 million collect some form of wild food themselves. The Mediterranean basin is a biodiversity hotspot of wild edible species. Nowadays, due to the renewed interest in alimurgic plants and the recent findings on the beneficial role of their phytochemical constituents, these species have been defined as “new functional foods”. Research on natural products has recently regained importance with the growing understanding of their biological significance. Botanical food supplements marketed for weight and fat loss in obese subjects will be one of the most important items in marketed nutraceuticals. The aim of this report was to review the phytochemical compounds of Mediterranean wild edible species and their therapeutic potential against obesity and its related disorders. Results on the in vitro and in vivo activity of the most interesting plant extracts and their bioactive components are presented and discussed. The most interesting discoveries on their mechanisms of action are reported as well. Overall, this contribution highlights the importance and beneficial health roles of wild edible species.
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160
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Stachecka J, Lemanska W, Noak M, Szczerbal I. Expression of key genes involved in DNA methylation during in vitro differentiation of porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:811-818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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161
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Jasaszwili M, Billert M, Strowski MZ, Nowak KW, Skrzypski M. Adropin as A Fat-Burning Hormone with Multiple Functions-Review of a Decade of Research. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030549. [PMID: 32012786 PMCID: PMC7036858 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a unique hormone encoded by the energy homeostasis-associated (Enho) gene. Adropin is produced in the liver and brain, and also in peripheral tissues such as in the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Furthermore, adropin is present in the circulatory system. A decade after its discovery, there is evidence that adropin may contribute to body weight regulation, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and cardiovascular system functions. In this review, we summarize and discuss the physiological, metabolic, and pathophysiological factors regulating Enho as well as adropin. Furthermore, we review the literature addressing the role of adropin in adiposity and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we elaborate on the role of adropin in the context of the cardiovascular system, liver diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariami Jasaszwili
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Maria Billert
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Mathias Z. Strowski
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, D-13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine-Gastroenterology, Park-Klinik Weissensee, D-13086 Berlin, Germany
| | - Krzysztof W. Nowak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
| | - Marek Skrzypski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland; (M.J.); (M.B.); (K.W.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-618-486-137; Fax: +48-618-487-197
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162
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Choi WJ, Dong HJ, Jeong HU, Ryu DW, Song SM, Kim YR, Jung HH, Kim TH, Kim YH. Lactobacillus plantarum LMT1-48 exerts anti-obesity effect in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by regulating expression of lipogenic genes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:869. [PMID: 31964951 PMCID: PMC6972779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major health problem and is known to be closely associated with metabolic diseases. Abnormal hepatic accumulation of fat causes fatty liver or hepatic steatosis, and long-term consumption of a high-fat diet is known to be a key obesity-causing factor. Recent studies have demonstrated that probiotics such as Lactobacillus strains, exert an anti-obesity effect by regulating adipogenesis. However, it is still unknown how the consumption of probiotics can reduce abdominal fat volume by regulating the hepatic expression of lipogenic genes. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of long-term ingestion of L. plantarum LMT1-48 on the expression of lipogenic genes in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. We observed that treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with L. plantarum LMT1-48 extract inhibited their differentiation and lipid accumulation by downregulating lipogenic genes, namely, PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, and FABP4. Interestingly, administration of L. plantarum LMT1-48 reduced liver weight and liver triglycerides concurrently with the downregulation of the lipogenic genes PPARγ, HSL, SCD-1, and FAT/CD36 in the liver, resulting in the reduction of body weight and fat volume in HFD-fed obese mice. Notably, we also observed that the administration of at least 106 CFU of L. plantarum LMT1-48 significantly lowered body weight and abdominal fat volume in modified diet-fed mouse models. Collectively, these data suggest that L. plantarum LMT1-48 is a potential healthy food for obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Choi
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Dong
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Jeong
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Ryu
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Min Song
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Kim
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Tai Hoon Kim
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung-Hyen Kim
- Medytox Gwangkyo R&D center, Medytox Inc., Suwon, Republic of Korea.
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163
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Jeong YU, Park YJ. Ergosterol Peroxide from the Medicinal Mushroom Ganoderma lucidum Inhibits Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020460. [PMID: 31936890 PMCID: PMC7014426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergosterol peroxide is a natural compound of the steroid family found in many fungi, and it possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antiviral activities. The anti-obesity activity of several edible and medicinal mushrooms has been reported, but the effect of mushroom-derived ergosterol peroxide on obesity has not been studied. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of ergosterol peroxide on the inhibition of triglyceride synthesis at protein and mRNA levels and differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ergosterol peroxide inhibited lipid droplet synthesis of differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), the major transcription factors of differentiation, and also the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), which promotes the activity of PPARγ, resulting in inhibition of differentiation. It further inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), which are lipogenic factors. In addition, it inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) involved in cell proliferation and activation of early differentiation transcription factors in the mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) stage. As a result, ergosterol peroxide significantly inhibited the synthesis of triglycerides and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, and is, therefore, a possibile prophylactic and therapeutic agent for obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Un Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si 27478, Korea;
| | - Young-Jin Park
- Department of Medicinal Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si 27478, Korea;
- Research Institute for Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwon-daero, Chungju-si 27478, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-840-3601
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Moreno-Valdespino CA, Luna-Vital D, Camacho-Ruiz RM, Mojica L. Bioactive proteins and phytochemicals from legumes: Mechanisms of action preventing obesity and type-2 diabetes. Food Res Int 2019; 130:108905. [PMID: 32156360 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Fabaceae family of plants include a variety of seeds with multiple shapes, sizes, and colors; with a great diversity of bioactive compounds found in legume seeds. Legumes are an excellent source of protein, peptides and phytochemicals which are present in significant amounts. These bioactive compounds have been reported to reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. In this narrative review, we discuss the biological potential of bioactive compounds found in legumes and the health benefits associated with their consumption as an alternative approach in the management of NCD. Current extraction methods, characteristics of the bioactive compounds, and different in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the bioactivity of legume bioactives are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia A Moreno-Valdespino
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States
| | - Rosa M Camacho-Ruiz
- Biotecnología Industrial, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Luis Mojica
- Tecnología de Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C, 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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165
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Abstract
The 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cell line is widely used to study the fat cell differentiation in vitro. Researchers also use this cell model to study obesity and insulin resistance. We surveyed the literature, the gene expression omnibus and the sequence read archive for RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq datasets of MDI-induced 3T3-L1 differentiating cells sampled at one or more time points. The metadata of the relevant datasets were manually curated using unified language across the original studies. The raw reads were collected and pre-processed using a reproducible state-of-the-art pipeline. The final datasets are presented as reads count in genes for the RNA-Seq and reads count in peaks for the ChIP-Seq dataset. The curated datasets are available as two Bioconductor experimental data packages curatedAdipoRNA and curatedAdipoChIP. In addition, the packages document the source code of the data collection and the pre-processing pipelines. Here, we provide a descriptive analysis of the datasets with context and technical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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166
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iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Comparison of 2D and 3D Adipocyte Cell Models Co-cultured with Macrophages Using Online 2D-nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16746. [PMID: 31727937 PMCID: PMC6856061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for novel three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models of adipose tissue has been increasing, and proteomic investigations are important for determining the underlying causes of obesity, type II diabetes, and metabolic disorders. In this study, we performed global quantitative proteomic profiling of three 3D-cultured 3T3-L1 cells (preadipocytes, adipocytes and co-cultured adipocytes with macrophages) and their 2D-cultured counterparts using 2D-nanoLC-ESI-MS/MS with iTRAQ labelling. A total of 2,885 shared proteins from six types of adipose cells were identified and quantified in four replicates. Among them, 48 proteins involved in carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., PDHα, MDH1/2, FH) and the mitochondrial fatty acid beta oxidation pathway (e.g., VLCAD, ACADM, ECHDC1, ALDH6A1) were relatively up-regulated in the 3D co-culture model compared to those in 2D and 3D mono-cultured cells. Conversely, 12 proteins implicated in cellular component organisation (e.g., ANXA1, ANXA2) and the cell cycle (e.g., MCM family proteins) were down-regulated. These quantitative assessments showed that the 3D co-culture system of adipocytes and macrophages led to the development of insulin resistance, thereby providing a promising in vitro obesity model that is more equivalent to the in vivo conditions with respect to the mechanisms underpinning metabolic syndromes and the effect of new medical treatments for metabolic disorders.
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167
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Montanari T, Boschi F, Colitti M. Comparison of the Effects of Browning-Inducing Capsaicin on Two Murine Adipocyte Models. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1380. [PMID: 31749714 PMCID: PMC6848400 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities has gained attention in developing effective treatments and strategies that promote energy expenditure and the conversion of fat from a white to a brite phenotype. Capsaicin, bioactive component of chili peppers and a transient receptor potential channel vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) agonist, has been known to stimulate the process of thermogenesis. In this study, the effects of capsaicin were assessed on two murine cellular models by quantifying the dynamic of lipid droplets (LDs) and the expression of genes involved in adipocyte browning. Present findings demonstrated that treatment with norepinephrine or capsaicin combined with norepinephrine on 3T3-L1 cells and X9 cells significantly promoted the reduction of LDs area surface and size. The transcription of browning related genes such as uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), T-box transcription factor 1 (Tbx1), PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (Ppargc1a) and cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor A-like effector A (Cidea) was up-regulated by chronic capsaicin treatment on differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Instead, X9 cells were significantly responsive only to the treatment with norepinephrine, used as positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Montanari
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Monica Colitti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
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168
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Fan L, Ye H, Wan Y, Qin L, Zhu L, Su J, Zhu X, Zhang L, Miao Q, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Xu A, Li Y, Li X, Wang Y. Adaptor protein APPL1 coordinates HDAC3 to modulate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in mice. Metabolism 2019; 100:153955. [PMID: 31390528 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.153955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is considered as a promising therapeutic target for obesity. APPL1 (Adaptor protein containing the Pleckstrin homology domain, Phosphotyrosine binding domain and Leucine zipper motif) is an intracellular adaptor protein and its genetic variation is correlated with BMI and body fat distribution in diabetic patients. However, little is known about the roles of APPL1 in BAT thermogenesis. MATERIALS/METHODS In this study, adipose tissue specific knockout (ASKO) mice were generated to evaluate APPL1's role in BAT thermogenesis in vivo, and possible signaling pathways were further explored in cultured brown adipocytes. RESULTS After high fat diet challenge, APPL1 ASKO mice developed more severe obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance compared with control mice. Metabolic cage study showed that APPL1 deficiency impaired energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis in ASKO mice. PET-CT analysis showed decreased standardized uptake value (SUV) in the inter-scapular region which indicated impaired BAT activity in ASKO mice. Further study showed deletion of APPL1 attenuated brown fat specific gene expression, such as UCP1 and PGC1α in both BAT and brown adipocytes. In cultured brown adipocytes, upon cAMP stimulation, APPL1 shuttled from cytosol to nuclei. Co-IP and ChIP study showed that APPL1 could directly interact with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) to mediate chromatin remodeling and UCP1 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrated the essential role of APPL1 in regulating brown adipocytes thermogenesis via interaction with HDAC3, which may have potential therapeutic implications for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongying Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiongyue Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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169
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Jack BU, Malherbe CJ, Mamushi M, Muller CJF, Joubert E, Louw J, Pheiffer C. Adipose tissue as a possible therapeutic target for polyphenols: A case for Cyclopia extracts as anti-obesity nutraceuticals. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109439. [PMID: 31590126 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant contributor to increased morbidity and premature mortality due to increasing the risk of many chronic metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Lifestyle modifications such as energy restriction and increased physical activity are highly effective first-line treatment strategies used in the management of obesity. However, adherence to these behavioral changes is poor, with an increased reliance on synthetic drugs, which unfortunately are plagued by adverse effects. The identification of new and safer anti-obesity agents is thus of significant interest. In recent years, plants and their phenolic constituents have attracted increased attention due to their health-promoting properties. Amongst these, Cyclopia, an endemic South African plant commonly consumed as a herbal tea (honeybush), has been shown to possess modulating properties against oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and obesity. Likewise, several studies have reported that some of the major phenolic compounds present in Cyclopia spp. exhibit anti-obesity effects, particularly by targeting adipose tissue. These phenolic compounds belong to the xanthone, flavonoid and benzophenone classes. The aim of this review is to assess the potential of Cyclopia extracts as an anti-obesity nutraceutical as underpinned by in vitro and in vivo studies and the underlying cellular mechanisms and biological pathways regulated by their phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babalwa U Jack
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa.
| | - Christiaan J Malherbe
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Mokadi Mamushi
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Joubert
- Plant Bioactives Group, Post-Harvest and Agro-processing Technologies, Agricultural Research Council, Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Carmen Pheiffer
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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170
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Wang X, Wang Z, Wang Q, Liang H, Liu D. Trichostatin A and vorinostat promote adipogenic differentiation through H3K9 acetylation and dimethylation. Res Vet Sci 2019; 126:207-212. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Volz AC, Omengo B, Gehrke S, Kluger PJ. Comparing the use of differentiated adipose-derived stem cells and mature adipocytes to model adipose tissue in vitro. Differentiation 2019; 110:19-28. [PMID: 31568881 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In vitro models of human adipose tissue may serve as beneficial alternatives to animal models to study basic biological processes, identify new drug targets, and as soft tissue implants. With this approach, we aimed to evaluate adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and mature adipocytes (MA) comparatively for the application in the in vitro setup of adipose tissue constructs to imitate native adipose tissue physiology. We used human primary MAs and human ASCs, differentiated for 14 days, and encapsulated them in collagen type I hydrogels to build up a three-dimensional (3D) adipose tissue model. The maintenance of the models was analyzed after seven days based on a viability staining. Further, the expression of the adipocyte specific protein perilipin A and the release of leptin and glycerol were evaluated. Gene transcription profiles of models based on dASCs and MAs were analyzed with regard to native adipose tissue. Compared to MAs, dASCs showed an immature differentiation state. Further, gene transcription of MAs suggests a behavior closer to native tissue in terms of angiogenesis, which supports MAs as preferred cell type. In contrast to native adipose tissue, genes of de novo lipogenesis and tissue remodeling were upregulated in the in vitro attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Cathrin Volz
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany; University of Hohenheim, Schloss Hohenheim 1, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Birgit Omengo
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology IGVP, University of Stuttgart, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandra Gehrke
- Research & Development, Research Special Skincare, Beiersdorf AG, Unnastrasse 48, 20253, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Juliane Kluger
- Reutlingen Research Institute, Reutlingen University, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762, Reutlingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Cell and Tissue Engineering, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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172
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Wang Z, Yin ZT, Zhang F, Li XQ, Chen SR, Yang N, Porter TE, Hou Z. Dynamics of transcriptome changes during subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:688. [PMID: 31477016 PMCID: PMC6720933 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pekin duck is an important animal model for its ability for fat synthesis and deposition. However, transcriptional dynamic regulation of adipose differentiation driven by complex signal cascades remains largely unexplored in this model. This study aimed to explore adipogenic transcriptional dynamics before (proliferation) and after (differentiation) initial preadipocyte differentiation in ducks. RESULTS Exogenous oleic acid alone successfully induced duck subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation. We explored 36 mRNA-seq libraries in order to study transcriptome dynamics during proliferation and differentiation processes at 6 time points. Using robust statistical analysis, we identified 845, 652, 359, 2401 and 1933 genes differentially expressed between -48 h and 0 h, 0 h and 12 h, 12 h and 24 h, 24 h and 48 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively (FDR < 0.05, FC > 1.5). At the proliferation stage, proliferation related pathways and basic cellular and metabolic processes were inhibited, while regulatory factors that initiate differentiation enter the ready-to-activate state, which provides a precondition for initiating adipose differentiation. According to weighted gene co-expression network analysis, pathways positively related to adipogenic differentiation are significantly activated at the differentiation stage, while WNT, FOXO and other pathways that inhibit preadipocyte differentiation are negatively regulated. Moreover, we identified and classified more than 100 transcription factors that showed significant changes during differentiation, and found novel transcription factors that were not reported to be related to preadipoctye differentiation. Finally, we manually assembled a proposed regulation network model of subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation base on the expression data, and suggested that E2F1 may serve as an important link between the processes of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptome dynamics of duck subcutaneous preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. The current study provides a solid basis for understanding the synthesis and deposition of subcutaneous fat in ducks. Furthermore, the information generated will allow future investigations of specific genes involved in particular stages of duck adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Si-Rui Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tom E Porter
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Zhuocheng Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, MARA; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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173
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Sim MO, Lee HJ, Jeong DE, Jang JH, Jung HK, Cho HW. 6′-O-acetyl mangiferin from Iris rossii Baker inhibits lipid accumulation partly via AMPK activation in adipogenesis. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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174
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Han YH, Kee JY, Park SH, Mun JG, Jeon HD, Park J, Zou QP, Liu XQ, Hong SH. Rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside inhibits lipid accumulation and weight gain by regulating AMPK/mTOR signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 62:152952. [PMID: 31132754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rubrofusarin-6-β-gentiobioside (RFG), which is a component of Cassiae tora seed, could likely regulate hyperlipidemia, its anti-obesity effect and related mechanism have not been elucidated. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to examine whether RFG can ameliorate obesity and the mechanism of lipid accumulation regulated by RFG. STUDY DESIGN In in vitro experiments, we confirmed the anti-adipogenic effect of RFG using 3T3-L1 cells and human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). To confirm the anti-obesity effect, High-Fat Diet (HFD)-induced obese mice were selected as a model. METHODS We investigated anti-adipogenic effects of RFG using MTS assay, Oil Red O Staining, real-time RT-PCR, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The anti-obesity effect of RFG was confirmed in HFD-induced mice model using hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum analysis. RESULTS RFG inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and hAMSCs by reducing expression of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ, and CCAAT-enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)α. RFG phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a liver kinase B (LKB) 1-independent manner. Moreover, the anti-adipogenic effect of RFG was blocked by AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that RFG inhibits lipid accumulation via AMPK signaling. Furthermore, RFG reduced the body weight, size of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), and fatty liver in the mice. RFG also suppressed levels of adipogenic factors PPARγ, C/EBPα, FAS, LPL, and aP2) by activating AMPK in the eWAT and liver. CONCLUSION RFG can ameliorate obesity, and thus, could be used as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Han
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hwan Park
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Clinical Medicine Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Geon Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Dong Jeon
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Qin-Peng Zou
- Changsha Broad-Ocean Bio-science and Technique Co., Ltd., Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
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175
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Wang X, Wu R, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Bi Z, Yao Y, Liu Q, Shi H, Wang F, Wang Y. m 6A mRNA methylation controls autophagy and adipogenesis by targeting Atg5 and Atg7. Autophagy 2019; 16:1221-1235. [PMID: 31451060 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1659617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant internal modification on mRNAs in eukaryotes, play roles in adipogenesis. However, the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, we show that m6A plays a critical role in regulating macroautophagy/autophagy and adipogenesis through targeting Atg5 and Atg7. Mechanistically, knockdown of FTO, a well-known m6A demethylase, decreased the expression of ATG5 and ATG7, leading to attenuation of autophagosome formation, thereby inhibiting autophagy and adipogenesis. We proved that FTO directly targeted Atg5 and Atg7 transcripts and mediated their expression in an m6A-dependent manner. Further study identified that Atg5 and Atg7 were the targets of YTHDF2 (YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 2). Upon FTO silencing, Atg5 and Atg7 transcripts with higher m6A levels were captured by YTHDF2, which resulted in mRNA degradation and reduction of protein expression, thus alleviating autophagy and adipogenesis. Furthermore, we generated an adipose-selective fto knockout mouse and find that FTO deficiency decreased white fat mass and impairs ATG5- and ATG7-dependent autophagy in vivo. Together, these findings unveil the functional importance of the m6A methylation machinery in autophagy and adipogenesis regulation, which expands our understanding of such interplay that is essential for development of therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of obesity. ABBREVIATIONS 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: actin, beta; ATG: autophagy-related; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), alpha; CEBPB: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta; FABP4: fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte; FTO: fat mass and obesity associated; HFD: high-fat diet; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; MAP1LC3B/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; MEFs: mouse embryo fibroblasts; MeRIP-qPCR: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR; PPARG: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; RIP: RNA-immunoprecipitation; SAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1; VAT: visceral adipose tissue; WAT: white adipose tissue; YTHDF: YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruifan Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanling Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Bi
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongxi Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailing Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fengqin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province , Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Nic-Can GI, Rodas-Junco BA, Carrillo-Cocom LM, Zepeda-Pedreguera A, Peñaloza-Cuevas R, Aguilar-Ayala FJ, Rojas-Herrera RA. Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenic Differentiation by Histone Lysine Demethylation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3918. [PMID: 31408999 PMCID: PMC6719019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising public health problem that contributes to the development of several metabolic diseases and cancer. Adipocyte precursors outside of adipose depots that expand due to overweight and obesity may have a negative impact on human health. Determining how progenitor cells acquire a preadipocyte commitment and become mature adipocytes remains a significant challenge. Over the past several years, we have learned that the establishment of cellular identity is widely influenced by changes in histone marks, which in turn modulate chromatin structure. In this regard, histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are now emerging as key players that shape chromatin through their ability to demethylate almost all major histone methylation sites. Recent research has shown that KDMs orchestrate the chromatin landscape, which mediates the activation of adipocyte-specific genes. In addition, KDMs have functions in addition to their enzymatic activity, which are beginning to be revealed, and their dysregulation seems to be related to the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we highlight the biological functions of KDMs that contribute to the establishment of a permissive or repressive chromatin environment during the mesenchymal stem cell transition into adipocytes. Understanding how KDMs regulate adipogenesis might prompt the development of new strategies for fighting obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny I Nic-Can
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico.
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Leydi M Carrillo-Cocom
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zepeda-Pedreguera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Peñaloza-Cuevas
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fernando J Aguilar-Ayala
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Rojas-Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
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177
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Physical Exercise Affects Adipose Tissue Profile and Prevents Arterial Thrombosis in BDNF Val66Met Mice. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080875. [PMID: 31405230 PMCID: PMC6721716 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue accumulation is an independent and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The recent CVD European Guidelines strongly recommend regular physical exercise (PE) as a management strategy for prevention and treatment of CVD associated with metabolic disorders and obesity. Although mutations as well as common genetic variants, including the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism, are associated with increased body weight, eating and neuropsychiatric disorders, and myocardial infarction, the effect of this polymorphism on adipose tissue accumulation and regulation as well as its relation to obesity/thrombosis remains to be elucidated. Here, we showed that white adipose tissue (WAT) of humanized knock-in BDNFVal66Met (BDNFMet/Met) mice is characterized by an altered morphology and an enhanced inflammatory profile compared to wild-type BDNFVal/Val. Four weeks of voluntary PE restored the adipocyte size distribution, counteracted the inflammatory profile of adipose tissue, and prevented the prothrombotic phenotype displayed, per se, by BDNFMet/Met mice. C3H10T1/2 cells treated with the Pro-BDNFMet peptide well recapitulated the gene alterations observed in BDNFMet/Met WAT mice. In conclusion, these data indicate the strong impact of lifestyle, in particular of the beneficial effect of PE, on the management of arterial thrombosis and inflammation associated with obesity in relation to the specific BDNF Val66Met mutation.
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178
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A novel upstream transcription factor 1 target gene N4bp2l1 that regulates adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 20:100676. [PMID: 31440585 PMCID: PMC6698772 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N4BP2l1, which is highly expressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma, is associated with poor prognosis. However, N4bp2l1's role in adipogenesis remains unknown. We aimed to clarify the expression profile and transcriptional regulation of N4bp2l1 to elucidate the functions underlying the role of N4bp2l1 in adipocyte differentiation. Our results revealed that N4bp2l1 mRNA expression increased in 3T3-L1 cells in a differentiation-dependent manner. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of N4bp2l1, the 2-kb 5′ region upstream of the mouse N4bp2l1 promoter was cloned into a luciferase vector. Luciferase reporter assays indicated that USF1 induces the N4bp2l1 promoter activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that USF1 directly binds to the Ebox in the N4bp2l1 promoter. Furthermore, the expressions of adipocyte differentiation markers significantly decreased in N4bp2l1-knockdown cells compared with those in control cells. Our results demonstrated that N4bp2l1 is a novel USF1 target gene that may be involved in adipogenesis regulation. N4bp2l1 expression is increased in a differentiation-dependent manner in 3T3-L1. N4bp2l1 is a novel USF1 target gene. USF1 directly binds to the Ebox in the N4bp2l1 promoter. Inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation by N4bp2l1 knockdown.
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179
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de Paula GSM, Wilieman M, Silva KR, Baptista LS, Boudina S, de Souza LL, Bento-Bernardes T, Asensi KD, Goldenberg RCDS, Pazos-Moura CC. Neuromedin B receptor disruption impairs adipogenesis in mice and 3T3-L1 cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 63:93-102. [PMID: 31067509 PMCID: PMC9931200 DOI: 10.1530/jme-19-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuromedin B, a bombesin-like peptide, and its receptor, are expressed in white adipose tissue with undefined roles. Female mice with disruption of neuromedin B receptor (NB-R) exhibited partial resistance to diet-induced obesity leading to our hypothesis that NB-R is involved in adipogenesis. Here, we showed that adipose stem/stromal cells (ASC) from perigonadal fat of female NB-R-knockout mice, exposed to a differentiation protocol in vitro, accumulated less lipid (45%) than wild type, suggesting reduced capacity to differentiate under adipogenic input. To further explore mechanisms, preadipocytes 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in the presence of NB-R antagonist (PD168368) during the first 3 days in culture. Cells were analyzed in the end of the treatment (Day 3) and later when fully differentiated (Day 21). NB-R antagonist induced lower number of cells at day 3 and 21 (33-39%), reduced cell proliferation at day 3 (-53%) and reduced lipid accumulation at day 21 (-86%). The mRNA expressions of several adipocyte differentiation markers were importantly reduced at both days: Cebpb and Pparg and Fabp4, Plin-1 and Adipoq, and additionally Lep mRNA at day 21. The antagonist had no effect when incubated with mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Therefore, genetically disruption of NB-R in mice ASC or pharmacological antagonism of NB-R in 3T3-L1 cells impairs adipogenesis. The mechanisms suggested by results in 3T3-L1 cells involve reduction of cell proliferation and of early gene expressions, leading to decreased number of mature adipocytes. We speculate that NB-R antagonism may be useful to limit the increase in adiposity due to pre-adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Silva Monteiro de Paula
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marianna Wilieman
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Campus of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology - INMETRO, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - Campus of Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sihem Boudina
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luana Lopes de Souza
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Bento-Bernardes
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Dutra Asensi
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Center of Structural Biology and Bioimage - CENABIO, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina Coeli Dos Santos Goldenberg
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmen Cabanelas Pazos-Moura
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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180
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Lin S, Wang Z, Lin Y, Ge S, Hamzah SS, Hu J. Bound phenolics from fresh lotus seeds exert anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high-fat diet-fed mice by activation of AMPK. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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181
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Watanabe K, Yoshida K, Iwamoto S. Kbtbd11 gene expression in adipose tissue increases in response to feeding and affects adipocyte differentiation. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:925-932. [PMID: 30582777 PMCID: PMC6626956 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION The putative tumor suppressor gene, KBTBD11, might play a role in tumorigenesis, and is associated with cellular apoptosis and proliferation in colorectal cancer cells. However, the function of Kbtbd11 during adipogenesis is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Kbtbd11 in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the fasting-refeeding protocol, mice were subjected to fasting for 24 h, followed by a chow diet for 12 h. Adenovirus infection methods were used to examine the effect of Kbtbd11, and 3T3-L1 cells were analyzed with Oil Red O staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The white adipose tissue expression of Kbtbd11 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was significantly higher in the re-fed state than in the fasted state. Kbtbd11 mRNA levels were markedly increased in epididymal white adipose tissue of diet-induced obesity mice compared with those in the mice fed a chow diet. In addition, Kbtbd11 mRNA expression was increased in a differentiation-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells. Knockdown of Kbtbd11 mRNA through the infection with adenoviral vectors remarkably inhibited triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. In contrast, the overexpression of Kbtbd11 promoted the differentiation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS The present findings show that Kbtbd11 expression might be involved in nutritional regulation and is increased in obese adipose tissue. In addition, Kbtbd11 appears to be required for the differentiation of adipocytes in 3T3-L1 cells. Collectively, these results show a novel link between the expression of Kbtbd11 and fat accumulation, and suggest that Kbtbd11 is a new therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Watanabe
- Division of Human GeneticsCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Ken Yoshida
- Division of Human GeneticsCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
| | - Sadahiko Iwamoto
- Division of Human GeneticsCenter for Molecular MedicineJichi Medical UniversityShimotsukeJapan
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182
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Spliceostatin A treatment inhibits mitotic clonal expansion and adipogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:848-852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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183
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Ferrara MA, Filograna A, Ranjan R, Corda D, Valente C, Sirleto L. Three-dimensional label-free imaging throughout adipocyte differentiation by stimulated Raman microscopy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216811. [PMID: 31112567 PMCID: PMC6528968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets are lipid-storage organelles with a key role in lipid accumulation pathologies such as diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis. Despite their important functions many aspects of lipid droplets biology are still unknown. This is partially due to the current use of exogenous labels to monitor their formation and remodelling by invasive imaging methods. Here, we apply stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to acquire images with high spatial resolution along with resolving capabilities of lipids and proteins and three-dimensional sectioning. Our images and data analysis demonstrate an increase in the number of large (>15μm2) lipid droplets in human adipocyte cells during differentiation process. In addition, spatially-resolved maps of lipids and proteins inside cells and three dimensional reconstructions of lipids at the initial and final steps of adipocyte differentiation are reported, too.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Filograna
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy
| | - Rajeev Ranjan
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Corda
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Valente
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (LS); (CV)
| | - Luigi Sirleto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail: (LS); (CV)
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184
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Bába LI, Kolcsár M, Kun IZ, Ulakcsai Z, Bagaméry F, Szökő É, Tábi T, Gáll Z. Effects of Cariprazine, Aripiprazole, and Olanzapine on Mouse Fibroblast Culture: Changes in Adiponectin Contents in Supernatants, Triglyceride Accumulation, and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55050160. [PMID: 31108997 PMCID: PMC6571602 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The use of the dopamine-partial agonist subclass (also termed dopamine stabilizers) of atypical antipsychotics for the treatment of negative schizophrenia symptoms and some mood disorders has increased recently. Similar to other second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), aripiprazole (ARI) and cariprazine (CAR) also influence food intake, but the peripheral effects of these drugs on adipose–tissue homeostasis, including adipokine secretion as well as lipo- and adipogenesis, are not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the adipocyte-related mechanisms induced by second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), leading to changes in peripheral signals involved in energy homeostasis. Materials and Methods: CAR, a new SGA, was compared with ARI and olanzapine (OLA), using cell cultures to study adipogenesis, and the expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) was measured in adipocytes derived from mouse fibroblasts, by western blotting on days 7, 14, and 21 postinduction. The triglyceride (TG) content of the cells was also evaluated on day 15 using Oil Red O staining, and the adiponectin (AN) content in the cell culture supernatants was quantified on days 7 and 15 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cells were treated with two concentrations of ARI (0.5 and 20 µg/mL), OLA (1 and 20 µg/mL), and CAR (0.1 and 2 µg/mL). Results: Both concentrations of ARI and OLA, as well as the lower concentration of CAR, significantly increased the TG contents. The AN levels in the supernatants were significantly increased by the higher concentration of ARI on days 7 and 15 (p < 0.05). Although PPAR-γ levels were not significantly affected by ARI and OLA, the lower concentration of CAR induced a significant time-dependent decrease in PPAR-γ expression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The in vitro adipogenesis considered from TG accumulation, AN secretion, and PPAR-γ expression was differently influenced by ARI, CAR, and OLA. Understanding the adipocyte-related mechanisms of antipsychotics could contribute to understanding their weight-influencing effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- László-István Bába
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Melinda Kolcsár
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Imre Zoltán Kun
- Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
| | - Zsófia Ulakcsai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Fruzsina Bagaméry
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Szökő
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Tábi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Gáll
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology of Tîrgu Mureș, 540139 Tîrgu Mureș, Romania.
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185
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Ahn S, An S, Lee M, Lee E, Pyo JJ, Kim JH, Ki MW, Jin SH, Ha J, Noh M. A long-wave UVA filter avobenzone induces obesogenic phenotypes in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1903-1915. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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186
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Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Alarcon PC, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Divanovic S. Inflammation and Immunity: From an Adipocyte's Perspective. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:459-471. [PMID: 30920343 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehension of adipocyte function has evolved beyond a long-held belief of their inert nature, as simple energy storing and releasing cells. Adipocytes, including white, brown, and beige, are capable mediators of global metabolic health, but their intersection with inflammation is a budding field of exploration. Evidence hints at a reciprocal relationship adipocytes share with immune cells. Adipocyte's capacity to behave in an "immune-like" manner and ability to sense inflammatory cues that subsequently alter core adipocyte function might play an important role in shaping immune responses. Clarifying this intricate relationship could uncover previously underappreciated contribution of adipocytes to inflammation-driven human health and disease. In this review, we highlight the potential of largely underappreciated adipocyte "immune-like" function and how it may contribute to inflammation, immunity, and pathology of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,4Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,5Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Senad Divanovic
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,6Division of Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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187
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Silva KR, Baptista LS. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells from different adipose depots in obesity development. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:147-166. [PMID: 30949294 PMCID: PMC6441940 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunctions, which affect metabolism, insulin sensitivity and promote local and systemic inflammation. In mammals, WAT depots at different anatomical locations (subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral) are highly heterogeneous in their morpho-phenotypic profiles and contribute differently to homeostasis and obesity development, depending on their ability to trigger and modulate WAT inflammation. This heterogeneity is likely due to the differential behavior of cells from each depot. Numerous studies suggest that adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC; referred to as adipose progenitor cells, in vivo) with depot-specific gene expression profiles and adipogenic and immunomodulatory potentials are keys for the establishment of the morpho-functional heterogeneity between WAT depots, as well as for the development of depot-specific responses to metabolic challenges. In this review, we discuss depot-specific ASC properties and how they can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic disorders, to provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in the development of ASC-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
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188
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Boschi F, Rizzatti V, Zoico E, Montanari T, Zamboni M, Sbarbati A, Colitti M. Relationship between lipid droplets size and integrated optical density. Eur J Histochem 2019; 63. [PMID: 30907383 PMCID: PMC6444373 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2019.3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is largely investigated due to its role in many human diseases. The attention is mainly focused on the lipid droplets (LDs), spherical cytoplasmic organelles which are devoted to the storage of the lipids. The amount of lipid content is often evaluated by measuring LDs size and/or the integrated optical density (IOD) in cultured cells. Both evaluations are directly associated to the lipid content and therefore they are correlated to each other, but a lack of theoretical relationship between size and IOD was observed in literature. Here we investigated the size-IOD relationship of LDs observed in microscopical images of cultured cells. The experimental data were obtained from immature and differentiated 3T3-L1 murine cells, which have been extensively used in studies on adipogenesis. A simple model based on the spherical shape of the LDs and the Lambert-Beer law, which describes the light absorption by an optical thick material, leads to a mathematical relationship. Despite only light rays’ absorption was considered in the model, neglecting their scattering, a very good agreement between the theoretical curve and the experimental data was found. Moreover, a computational simulation corroborates the model indicating the validity of the mathematically theoretical relationship between size and IOD. The theoretical model could be used to calculate the absorption coefficient in the LDs population and it could be applied to seek for morphologically and functionally LDs subpopulations. The identification of LDs dynamic by measuring size and IOD could be related to different pathophysiological conditions and useful for understand cellular lipid-associated diseases.
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189
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Laria AE, Messineo S, Arcidiacono B, Varano M, Chiefari E, Semple RK, Rocha N, Russo D, Cuda G, Gaspari M, Brunetti A, Foti DP. Secretome Analysis of Hypoxia-Induced 3T3-L1 Adipocytes Uncovers Novel Proteins Potentially Involved in Obesity. Proteomics 2019; 18:e1700260. [PMID: 29466620 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the obese state, as adipose tissue expands, adipocytes become hypoxic and dysfunctional, leading to changes in the pattern of adipocyte-secreted proteins. To better understand the role of hypoxia in the mechanisms linked to obesity, we comparatively analyzed the secretome of murine differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to normoxia or hypoxia for 24 h. Proteins secreted into the culture media were precipitated by trichloroacetic acid and then digested with trypsin. The peptides were labeled with dimethyl labeling and analyzed by reversed phase nanoscale liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer. From a total of 1508 identified proteins, 109 were differentially regulated, of which 108 were genuinely secreted. Factors significantly downregulated in hypoxic conditions included adiponectin, a known adipokine implicated in metabolic processes, as well as thrombospondin-1 and -2, and matrix metalloproteinase-11, all multifunctional proteins involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Findings were validated by Western blot analysis. Expression studies of the relative genes were performed in parallel experiments in vitro, in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and in vivo, in fat tissues from obese versus lean mice. Our observations are compatible with the concept that hypoxia may be an early trigger for both adipose cell dysfunction and ECM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Elisa Laria
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Messineo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Biagio Arcidiacono
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariaconcetta Varano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eusebio Chiefari
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Robert K Semple
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK
- The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diego Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Brunetti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniela P Foti
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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190
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Li S, Xue T, He F, Liu Z, Ouyang S, Cao D, Wu J. A time-resolved proteomic analysis of transcription factors regulating adipogenesis of human adipose derived stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:855-861. [PMID: 30850164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipogenesis is one of the key processes during obesity development. Better understanding of this process could advance our knowledge on obesity and its treatment. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators during adipogenesis, however, a system-wide analysis of TFs dynamic proteome during adipogenesis is lacking. Here, we profiled 472 TFs and systematically elucidated their roles during the first 7 days of adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) on proteome scale. We identified two main and four sub-phases during adipogenesis. The commitment phase (0 h-8 h) mainly mediated stem cell proliferation, differentiation and chromatin remodeling, in which proteins of SWI/SNF family are the key centroid nodes. The determination phase (1D-7D) predominately regulated fat cell differentiation and response to lipid and oxygen, which could be associated with terminal differentiation of adipocyte and responsible for maturation. PPARγ, CREB1 and MYC are the centroid nodes of this phase. Remarkably, we identified and verified three TFs (BATF3, MAFF and MXD4) as novel regulators of adipogenesis, whose over-expression could inhibit adipogenesis of hADSCs in vitro. Overall, our study provided a valuable TFs resource to understand the complex process of adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Ting Xue
- Omicsolution Co, Ltd, Shanghai, 201101, China.
| | - Feng He
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Shengrong Ouyang
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Dingding Cao
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jianxin Wu
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics-Peking University Teaching Hospital, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China; Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, NO. 2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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191
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Kassotis CD, Stapleton HM. Endocrine-Mediated Mechanisms of Metabolic Disruption and New Approaches to Examine the Public Health Threat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:39. [PMID: 30792693 PMCID: PMC6374316 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic disorders are of great societal concern and generate substantial human health care costs globally. Interventions have resulted in only minimal impacts on disrupting this worsening health trend, increasing attention on putative environmental contributors. Exposure to numerous environmental contaminants have, over decades, been demonstrated to result in increased metabolic dysfunction and/or weight gain in cell and animal models, and in some cases, even in humans. There are numerous mechanisms through which environmental contaminants may contribute to metabolic dysfunction, though certain mechanisms, such as activation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma or the retinoid x receptor, have received considerably more attention than less-studied mechanisms such as antagonism of the thyroid receptor, androgen receptor, or mitochondrial toxicity. As such, research on putative metabolic disruptors is growing rapidly, as is our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Concurrent with these advances, new research has evaluated current models of adipogenesis, and new models have been proposed. Only in the last several years have studies really begun to address complex mixtures of contaminants and how these mixtures may disrupt metabolic health in environmentally relevant exposure scenarios. Several studies have begun to assess environmental mixtures from various environments and study the mechanisms underlying their putative metabolic dysfunction; these studies hold real promise in highlighting crucial mechanisms driving observed organismal effects. In addition, high-throughput toxicity databases (ToxCast, etc.) may provide future benefits in prioritizing chemicals for in vivo testing, particularly once the causative molecular mechanisms promoting dysfunction are better understood and expert critiques are used to hone the databases. In this review, we will review the available literature linking metabolic disruption to endocrine-mediated molecular mechanisms, discuss the novel application of environmental mixtures and implications for in vivo metabolic health, and discuss the putative utility of applying high-throughput toxicity databases to answering complex organismal health outcome questions.
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192
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Blumberg B. Current Research Approaches and Challenges in the Obesogen Field. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:167. [PMID: 30967838 PMCID: PMC6438851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic that also contributes to the increased incidence of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Increased obesity is generally ascribed to positive energy balance. However, recent findings suggest that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as obesogens during critical windows of development, may play an important role in the current obesity trends. Several experimental approaches, from in vitro cell cultures to transgenerational in vivo studies, are used to better understand the mechanisms of action of obesogens, each of which contributes to answer different questions. In this review, we discuss current knowledge in the obesogen field and the existing tools developed in research laboratories using tributyltin as a model obesogen. By understanding the advantages and limitations of each of these tools, we will better focus and design experimental approaches that will help expanding the obesogen field with the objective of finding potential therapeutic targets in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg
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193
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Torres-Villarreal D, Camacho A, Castro H, Ortiz-Lopez R, de la Garza AL. Anti-obesity effects of kaempferol by inhibiting adipogenesis and increasing lipolysis in 3T3-L1 cells. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 75:83-88. [PMID: 30539499 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol is a natural flavonoid widely found in fruits, vegetables, and tea. Kaempferol possesses beneficial biological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Positive energy balance during obesity correlates with a pro-inflammatory chronic state. In this context, we hypothesized that kaempferol might promote anti-obesity effects by modulating adipogenesis and lipolytic pathways. Adipocyte viability at 24, 48, and 72 h was measured by an ATP-based assay. Pre-adipocytes (day 0) or mature adipocytes (day 12) were treated with 60 μM kaempferol until day 21 to evaluate its potential anti-adipogenic and lipolytic effect, respectively. Total lipid accumulation was assessed using Oil Red O staining assay. Gene expression was measured by RT-qPCR to evaluate the effect of kaempferol on adipogenesis and lipolysis gene expression. Our results showed a dose-dependent effect of kaempferol treatment on cell viability promoting cell death at higher than 60 μM concentration. Pre-adipocytes stimulation by 60 μM kaempferol resulted in 62% adipogenesis inhibition whereas in mature adipocytes, it reduced 39% intracellular lipid accumulation. Also, 60 μM kaempferol treatment decreased Cebpa mRNA expression when compared to control cells. In contrast, Pnpla2 and Lipe gene expression were upregulated in 3T3-L1 cells incubated with 60 μM kaempferol. In summary, our results showed that kaempferol modulates adipogenic differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells by promoting downregulation of Cebpa gene expression and decreasing lipid accumulation in mature adipocytes by its positive effects on Pnpla2 and Lipe mRNA levels. Kaempferol might display an anti-obesity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Torres-Villarreal
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - A Camacho
- Facultad de Medicna, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - H Castro
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - R Ortiz-Lopez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - A L de la Garza
- Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud Pública, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. .,Unidad de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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194
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Liu Y, Wu W, Zhou L, Cheng L, Miao C. MicroRNA-142a-3p promotes the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by targeting high-mobility group AT-hook 1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:5249-5256. [PMID: 31949605 PMCID: PMC6963016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is characterized by the excess accumulation of adipose tissues, mainly composed of adipocytes. The differentiation of adipocytes is one of the major events in the process of adipogenesis. Among various adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) have been identified as essential regulators of adipocyte differentiation. METHODS RT-qPCR assay was conducted to detect the expression of microRNA-142a-3p (miR-142a-3p), high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) mRNA, C/EBPα mRNA, and PPARγ mRNA. Western blot assay was performed to measure the protein levels of HMGA1, C/EBPα and PPARγ. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were carried out to explore the interaction between miR-142a-3p and HMGA1. RESULTS miR-142a-3p expression was notably increased and HMGA1 expression was markedly reduced during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Functional analysis revealed that miR-142a-3p overexpression promoted 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Further investigations on molecular mechanisms showed that HMGA1 was a target of miR-142a-3p in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Moreover, the knockdown of HMGA1 induced 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Additionally, HMGA1 silencing abolished miR-142a-3p deficiency-mediated inhibitory effect on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION MiR-142a-3p overexpression facilitated 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation by targeting HMGA1, highlighting the importance of miR-142a-3p, HMGA1 and the miR-142a-3p/HMGA1 axis in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Liu
- Department of Health Science, Xi’an Physical Education UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- Graduate Faculty, Xi’an Physical Education UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Lirong Zhou
- Graduate Faculty, Xi’an Physical Education UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Graduate Faculty, Xi’an Physical Education UniversityXi’an, China
| | - Changqing Miao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science CenterXi’an, China
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195
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Kamura K, Shin J, Kiyonari H, Abe T, Shioi G, Fukuhara A, Sasaki H. Obesity in Yap transgenic mice is associated with TAZ downregulation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:951-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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196
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Tirucallane Triterpenoids from the Stems and Stem Bark of Cornus walteri that Control Adipocyte and Osteoblast Differentiations. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112732. [PMID: 30360474 PMCID: PMC6278563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cornus walteri Wanger (Cornaceae) has been broadly used in traditional East Asian medicine for the treatment of various disorders, including skin inflammation and diarrhea. As part of our efforts to identify structurally and/or biologically new compounds from Korean medicinal plants, we have explored potentially new bioactive constituents from C. walteri. In the present study, seven triterpenoids (1–7) were isolated from C. walteri stems and stem bark. Compounds 1–3 were new tirucallane triterpenoids (cornusalterins N-P) and compounds 4–7 were isolated for the first time from C. walteri. The structures of the new compounds were determined based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data interpretations and HR-ESIMS, as well as a computational method coupled with a statistical procedure (DP4+). The regulatory effects of the isolated triterpenoids (1–7) on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation to adipocytes and osteoblasts were examined in the C3H10T1/2 cell line. Although these compounds had little effect on MSC differentiation to osteoblasts, lipid droplet formation in adipocyte-differentiated MSCs decreased in the presence of the seven triterpenoids. Compounds 1 and 4 each had a relatively distinct correlation between dose and efficacy, showing adipogenesis suppression at higher concentrations. Our findings demonstrate that the active compounds 1 and 4 can exert beneficial effects in regulation of adipocyte differentiation.
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197
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Alshammari GM, Balakrishnan A. Pumpkin ( Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché) extract attenuate the adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells by controlling adipogenic gene expression. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:744-751. [PMID: 31048999 PMCID: PMC6486525 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention and management of obesity through dietary modification is one of the top way to trim down its consequences. Development of adipose tissue requires the differentiation of less specialized cells, such as human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), into adipocytes. Since food constituents play a major role in the cell differentiation and proliferation, we sought to determine if various extracts of Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia), could affect the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Flow cytometry analysis with quantitative and qualitative Nile red, and quantitative PCR methods were employed to evaluate the C. ficifolia effect on hMSCs adipogenesis. Results revealed that, chloroform extract exhibits significant adipogenic inhibition than that of hexane and methanol extracts. Chloroform extract treated cells display the down-regulation of ADIPOQ, FABP4, PPARGC1A, CEBPB & LPL and up-regulation of ACACB & CEBPA genes. Further, various phytoconstituents present in the chloroform extract of C. ficifolia were analyzed though LC-MS and GC-MS. Our results indicates that chloroform extract of C. ficifolia might be used as a food supplement to control obesity and its related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghedeir M Alshammari
- Adipocytes and Metabolic Disorders Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aristatile Balakrishnan
- Adipocytes and Metabolic Disorders Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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198
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Thelen K, Watts SW, Contreras GA. Adipogenic potential of perivascular adipose tissue preadipocytes is improved by coculture with primary adipocytes. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1435-1445. [PMID: 30051281 PMCID: PMC6214855 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0238-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has the capacity to secrete vasoactive mediators with the potential to regulate vascular function. Given its location adjacent to the vasculature, PVAT dysfunction may be part of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. To study the mechanisms of PVAT dysfunction, several adipogenic models have been proposed. However, these approaches do not adequately reflect PVAT adipocyte phenotypes variability that depends on their anatomical location. Despite PVAT importance in modulating vascular function, to date, there is not a depot-specific adipogenic model for PVAT adipocytes. We present a model that uses coculturing of PVAT stromal vascular fraction derived preadipocytes with primary adipocytes isolated from the same PVAT. Preadipocytes were isolated from thoracic aorta PVAT and mesenteric resistance artery PVAT (mPVAT). Upon confluency, cells were induced to differentiate for 7 and 14 days using a standard protocol (SP) or standard protocol cocultured with primary adipocytes isolated from the same adipose depots (SPA) for 96, 120, and 144 h. SPA reduced the time for differentiation of stromal vascular fraction derived preadipocytes and increased their capacity to store lipids compared with SP as indicated by lipid accumulation, lipolytic responses, gene marker profile expression, and adiponectin secretion. The coculture system improved adipogenesis efficiency by enhancing lipid accumulation and reducing the time of induction, therefore, is a more efficient method compared to SP alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyan Thelen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room D202, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Stephanie W Watts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - G Andres Contreras
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, 736 Wilson Road, Room D202, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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199
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Impact of X-ray Exposure on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Pre-Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092717. [PMID: 30208657 PMCID: PMC6163807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment option for cancer patients as well as for patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Adipocytes, the dominant cell type of adipose tissue, are known to constitute an active part of the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, adipocytes support inflammatory processes and cartilage degradation in chronic inflammatory diseases, i.e., rheumatoid and osteoarthritis. Since the production of inflammatory factors is linked to their differentiation stages, we set out to explore the radiation response of pre-adipocytes that may influence their inflammatory potential and differentiation capacity. This is the first study investigating the effects of X-ray irradiation on the proliferation and differentiation capacity of human primary pre-adipocytes, in comparison to Simpson–Golabi–Behmel Syndrome (SGBS) pre-adipocytes, an often-used in vitro model of human primary pre-adipocytes. Our results demonstrate a dose-dependent reduction of the proliferation capacity for both cell strains, whereas the potential for differentiation was mostly unaffected by irradiation. The expression of markers of adipogenic development, such as transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), as well as the release of adipokines (visfatin, adiponectin and leptin) were not significantly changed upon irradiation. However, after irradiation with high X-ray doses, an increased lipid accumulation was observed, which suggests a radiation-induced response of adipocytes related to inflammation. Our results indicate that pre-adipocytes are radio-resistant, and it remains to be elucidated whether this holds true for the overall inflammatory response of adipocytes upon irradiation.
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200
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Hartman JK, Beames T, Parks B, Doheny D, Song G, Efremenko A, Yoon M, Foley B, Deisenroth C, McMullen PD, Clewell RA. An in vitro approach for prioritization and evaluation of chemical effects on glucocorticoid receptor mediated adipogenesis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:112-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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