151
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Novack GD, Robin AL. Ocular Pharmacology. J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 64:1068-1082. [PMID: 38708561 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of ocular diseases presents unique challenges and opportunities for the clinician and for the clinical pharmacologist. Ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, typically given as liquids, require consideration of solubility, physiological pH, and osmolarity, as well as sterility and stability, which in turn requires optimal pharmaceutics. Ocular tissue levels are challenging to obtain in humans, and the clinical pharmacokinetics is typically blood levels, which are primarily related to safety, rather than efficacy. The eye is a closed compartment with multiple physiological barriers with esterases and transporters, but relatively little cytochrome oxidases. Delivery routes include topical, intravitreal, and systemic. Patient dosing involves not only adherence issues common to all chronic diseases, but also performance requirements on eye drop instillation. Therapeutically, ocular diseases and their pharmacological treatments include both those analogous to systemic diseases (e.g., inflammation, infection, and neuronal degeneration) and those unique to the eye (e.g., cataract and myopia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Novack
- PharmaLogic Development, Inc., San Rafael, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alan L Robin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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152
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Dos Anjos C, Wang Y, Truong-Bolduc QC, Bolduc PK, Liu M, Hooper DC, Anderson RR, Dai T, Leanse LG. Blue Light Compromises Bacterial β-Lactamases Activity to Overcome β-Lactam Resistance. Lasers Surg Med 2024; 56:673-681. [PMID: 39039622 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of antimicrobial blue light (aBL; 410 nm wavelength) against β-lactamase-carrying bacteria and the effect of aBL on the activity of β-lactamases. METHODS Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying β-lactamases as well as a purified β-lactamase enzymes were studied. β-lactamase activity was assessed using a chromogenic cephalosporin hydrolysis assay. Additionally, we evaluated the role of porphyrins in the photoreaction, as well as protein degradation by sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Finally, we investigated the bactericidal effect of combined aBL-ceftazidime exposure against a metallo-β-lactamase expressing P. aeruginosa strain. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that aBL effectively killed β-lactamase-producing bacteria and reduced β-lactamase activity. After an aBL exposure of 1.52 J/cm2, a 50% reduction in enzymatic activity was observed in P. aeruginosa. Additionally, we found a 40% decrease in the photoreaction activity of porphyrins following an aBL exposure of 64.8 J/cm2. We also revealed that aBL reduced β-lactamase activity via protein degradation (after 136.4 J/cm2). Additionally, aBL markedly improved the bactericidal effect of ceftazidime (by >4-log10) in the metallo-β-lactamase P. aeruginosa strain. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence that aBL compromises bacterial β-lactamase activity, offering a potential approach to overcome β-lactam resistance in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yin Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Que Chi Truong-Bolduc
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul K Bolduc
- College of Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Matthew Liu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David C Hooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Rox Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leon G Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Europa Point Campus, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar, Gibraltar
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153
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Jiang Q, Song G, He L, Li X, Jiang B, Wang Q, Wang S, Kim C, Barkestani MN, Lopez R, Fan M, Wanniarachchi K, Quaranta M, Tian X, Mani A, Gonzalez A, Goodwin JE, Sessa WC, Ishibe S, Jane-Wit D. ZFYVE21 promotes endothelial nitric oxide signaling and vascular barrier function in the kidney during aging. Kidney Int 2024; 106:419-432. [PMID: 38797325 PMCID: PMC11343665 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ZFYVE21 is an ancient, endosome-associated protein that is highly expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) but whose function(s) in vivo are undefined. Here, we identified ZFYVE21 as an essential regulator of vascular barrier function in the aging kidney. ZFYVE21 levels significantly decline in ECs in aged human and mouse kidneys. To investigate attendant effects, we generated EC-specific Zfyve21-/- reporter mice. These knockout mice developed accelerated aging phenotypes including reduced endothelial nitric oxide (ENOS) activity, failure to thrive, and kidney insufficiency. Kidneys from Zfyve21 EC-/- mice showed interstitial edema and glomerular EC injury. ZFYVE21-mediated phenotypes were not programmed developmentally as loss of ZFYVE21 in ECs during adulthood phenocopied its loss prenatally, and a nitric oxide donor normalized kidney function in adult hosts. Using live cell imaging and human kidney organ cultures, we found that in a GTPase Rab5- and protein kinase Akt-dependent manner, ZFYVE21 reduced vesicular levels of inhibitory caveolin-1 and promoted transfer of Golgi-derived ENOS to a perinuclear Rab5+ vesicular population to functionally sustain ENOS activity. Thus, our work defines a ZFYVE21- mediated trafficking mechanism sustaining ENOS activity and demonstrates the relevance of this pathway for maintaining kidney function with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Jiang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Guiyu Song
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Liying He
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Qianxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Catherine Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mahsa Nouri Barkestani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Roberto Lopez
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew Fan
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kujani Wanniarachchi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maya Quaranta
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Arya Mani
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjelica Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julie E Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - William C Sessa
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dan Jane-Wit
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Department of Cardiology, West Haven VA Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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154
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Dhanabalan K, Cheng Y, Thach T, Subramanian R. Many locks to one key: N-acetylneuraminic acid binding to proteins. IUCRJ 2024; 11:664-674. [PMID: 38965900 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252524005360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Sialic acids play crucial roles in cell surface glycans of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms, mediating various biological processes, including cell-cell interactions, development, immune response, oncogenesis and host-pathogen interactions. This review focuses on the β-anomeric form of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), particularly its binding affinity towards various proteins, as elucidated by solved protein structures. Specifically, we delve into the binding mechanisms of Neu5Ac to proteins involved in sequestering and transporting Neu5Ac in Gram-negative bacteria, with implications for drug design targeting these proteins as antimicrobial agents. Unlike the initial assumptions, structural analyses revealed significant variability in the Neu5Ac binding pockets among proteins, indicating diverse evolutionary origins and binding modes. By comparing these findings with existing structures from other systems, we can effectively highlight the intricate relationship between protein structure and Neu5Ac recognition, emphasizing the need for tailored drug design strategies to inhibit Neu5Ac-binding proteins across bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - YiYang Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Trung Thach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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155
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Fan H, Dukenbayev K, Nurtay L, Nazir F, Daniyeva N, Pham TT, Benassi E. Mechanism of the antimicrobial activity induced by phosphatase inhibitor sodium ortho-vanadate. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 258:112619. [PMID: 38823066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The present study describes a novel antimicrobial mechanism based on Sodium Orthovanadate (SOV), an alkaline phosphatase inhibitor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to examine the surface morphologies of the test organism, Escherichia coli (E. coli), during various antibacterial phases. Our results indicated that SOV kills bacteria by attacking cell wall growth and development, leaving E. coli's outer membrane intact. Our antimicrobial test indicated that the MIC of SOV for both E. coli and Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) is 40 μM. A combination of quantum mechanical calculations and vibrational spectroscopy revealed that divanadate from SOV strongly coordinates with Ca2+ and Mg2+, which are the activity centers for the phosphatase that regulates bacterial cell wall synthesis. The current study is the first to propose the antibacterial mechanism caused by SOV attacking cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Kanat Dukenbayev
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Lazzat Nurtay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Faisal Nazir
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Nurgul Daniyeva
- Core Facility, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Tri T Pham
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.
| | - Enrico Benassi
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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156
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Zhang Z, Lei Z. The Alarming Situation of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in 2019-2023. Glob Med Genet 2024; 11:200-213. [PMID: 38947761 PMCID: PMC11213626 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1788039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have the potential to cause severe illness in wild birds, domestic poultry, and humans. The ongoing circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) has presented significant challenges to global poultry industry and public health in recent years. This study aimed to elucidate the circulation of HPAIVs during 2019 to 2023. Specifically, we assess the alarming global spread and continuous evolution of HPAIVs. Moreover, we discuss their transmission and prevention strategies to provide valuable references for future prevention and control measures against AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhao Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
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157
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Liu C, Zhang A. p53-Mediated Mitochondrial Translocation of EI24 Triggered by ER Stress Plays an Important Role in Arsenic-Induced Liver Damage via Activating Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3967-3979. [PMID: 38017236 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic arsenic poisoning is a public health problem worldwide. In addition to skin lesions, the detrimental effect of arsenic poisoning on liver damage is one of the major issues. Our previous studies demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and p53 were associated with arsenic-induced liver damage. Literature has shown that EI24 is involved in hepatocyte hypertrophy; however, the underlying role and mechanism in arsenic-induced liver damage have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the role of ER stress, p53, and EI24 as well as the regulatory relationship in arsenic poisoning populations and L-02 cells treated with distinct concentration NaAsO2 (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM). Results showed that as with arsenic dose increment, expression levels of ER stress key proteins GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP were significantly enhanced. Additionally, p53 expression in nucleus, p53 phosphorylation at Ser15 and Ser1392, and p53 acetylation at lys382 were significantly increased in NaAsO2-treated L-02 cells. ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) decreased the expression of p53 phosphorylation at Ser 392, p53 acetylation at lys382, and p53 expression in nucleus. Additionally, in 5 μM NaAsO2 condition, p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α (PFT-α) aggravated 5 μM NaAsO2-induced GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP expressions, cell apoptosis, and protein-SH consumption. But in 20 μM NaAsO2 condition, PFT-α attenuated NaAsO2-induced cell apoptosis. Further results showed that 20 μM NaAsO2 facilitated translocation of EI24 from ER to mitochondrion and interaction with VDAC2, leading to activate mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, but not observed in the 5-μM NaAsO2 group. Moreover, PFT-α and 4-PBA inhibited 20 μM NaAsO2-induced EI24 expression in mitochondrion. Collectively, our results indicated that arsenic induced p53 activation via ER stress, under relatively low NaAsO2 concentration, NaAsO2-triggered p53 activation protected cells from apoptosis by alleviating ER stress. Another finding was that under relatively high NaAsO2 concentration, NaAsO2-activated p53 facilitated EI24 mitochondrial translocation and caused mitochondrial permeability increase, which represented a switch of p53 from a benefit role to pro-apoptosis function in NaAsO2-treated cells. The study contributed to in-depth understanding the mechanism of arsenic-induced liver damage and providing potential clues for following study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China.
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158
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Giovanelli E, Valzolgher C, Gessa E, Rosi T, Visentin C, Prodi N, Pavani F. Metacognition for hearing in noise: a comparison between younger and older adults. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2024; 31:869-890. [PMID: 37971362 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2023.2281691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Metacognition entails knowledge of one's own cognitive skills, perceived self-efficacy and locus of control when performing a task, and performance monitoring. Age-related changes in metacognition have been observed in metamemory, whereas their occurrence for hearing remained unknown. We tested 30 older and 30 younger adults with typical hearing, to assess if age reduces metacognition for hearing sentences in noise. Metacognitive monitoring for older and younger adults was overall comparable. In fact, the older group achieved better monitoring for words in the second part of the phrase. Additionally, only older adults showed a correlation between performance and perceived confidence. No age differentiation was found for locus of control, knowledge or self-efficacy. This suggests intact metacognitive skills for hearing in noise in older adults, alongside a somewhat paradoxical overconfidence in younger adults. These findings support exploiting metacognition for older adults dealing with noisy environments, since metacognition is central for implementing self-regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giovanelli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Chiara Valzolgher
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Elena Gessa
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Tommaso Rosi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Chiara Visentin
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Nicola Prodi
- Acoustics Research Group, Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Pavani
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences - CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca "Cognizione, Linguaggio e Sordità" - CIRCLeS, Trento, Italy
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159
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Li S, Cai Y, Wang S, Luo L, Zhang Y, Huang K, Guan X. Gut microbiota: the indispensable player in neurodegenerative diseases. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7096-7108. [PMID: 38572789 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most urgent social and health problems in the world, neurodegenerative diseases have always been of interest to researchers. However, the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches are not achieved. In addition to the established roles of oxidative stress, inflammation and immune response, changes of gut microbiota are also closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Gut microbiota is the central player of the gut-brain axis, the dynamic bidirectional communication pathway between gut microbiota and central nervous system, and emerging insights have confirmed its indispensability in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the complex relationship between gut microbiota and the central nervous system from the perspective of the gut-brain axis; review the mechanism of microbiota for the modulation different neurodegenerative diseases and discuss how different dietary patterns affect neurodegenerative diseases via gut microbiota; and prospect the employment of gut microbiota in the therapeutic approach to those diseases. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Cai
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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160
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Saikumar P, Sadauskas M, Izhar S, Moshiree B, Patel D. Constipation and DIOS: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and management. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S81-S90. [PMID: 39105354 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.27104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a complex disorder that requires multidisciplinary expertise for effective management. The GALAXY study estimated the prevalence of constipation to be about 25% among People with Cystic Fibrosis (PwCF), identifying it as one of the common gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms within this patient population. Quality of Life (QoL) assessments uncovered high patient dissatisfaction, highlighting the imperative need for enhanced treatment strategies. Similarly, Distal Intestinal Obstruction Syndrome (DIOS) is a unique condition exclusive to PwCF that, if left undiagnosed, can lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. Given the broad spectrum of differential diagnoses for abdominal pain, including constipation and DIOS, it is paramount for healthcare providers to possess a clear understanding of these conditions. This paper aims to delineate various differentials for abdominal pain while elucidating the pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment options for managing constipation and DIOS in PwCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Saikumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marisa Sadauskas
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sophia Izhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Baha Moshiree
- Atrium Health, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Wake Forest Medical University, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dhiren Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cardinal Glennon Children's Medical Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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161
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Zhu H, Zhu D, Wu K, He W, Li L, Li T, Liu L, Liu Z, Song X, Cheng W, Mo J, Yao Y, Li J. Establishment and evaluation of a qPCR method for the detection of pfmdr1 mutations in Plasmodium falciparum, the causal agent of fatal malaria. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 110:116400. [PMID: 38909426 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Drug resistance surveillance is a major integral part of malaria control programs. Molecular methods play a pivotal role in drug resistance detection and related molecular research. This study aimed to develop a rapid and accurate detection method for drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum). A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay has been developed that identifies the mutation at locus A256T in the P.falciparum multi-drug resistance(pfmdr1) gene producing amino acid change at position 86. The results of 198 samples detected by qPCR were consistent with nested PCR and sequencing, giving an accuracy of 94.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of qPCR were 85.7%, 97.6%, 90.0% and 96.4%, respectively. The results of qPCR are basically consistent with the nested PCR, which is expected to replace the nested PCR as a new molecular biological method for drug resistance detection, providing reliable technical support for global malaria prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyin Zhu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, PR China
| | - Daiqian Zhu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Kai Wu
- Wuhan Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, Wuhan 430024, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Jiangnan University, Wuxi 442000, PR China
| | - Liugen Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Tongfei Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Long Liu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Song
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Weijia Cheng
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Jinyu Mo
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, PR China.
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Kim E, Kwon GS, Choi S, Kim SY, Heo KY, Kim YS, Kim CY, Kim S, Jeong JC, Hwang J, Lee JH, Lee JH, Moh SH. Potential role of ice-binding protein in mitochondria-lipid and ATP mechanisms during freezing of plant callus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108866. [PMID: 39002307 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Plant calli, a perpetually undifferentiated cell culture, have defects in maintaining their genetic fidelity during prolonged tissue culture. Cryopreservation using ice-binding proteins (IBP) is a potential solution. Despite a few studies on cryopreservation using IBPs in plant calli, detailed insights into the intracellular metabolism during freezing, thawing, and re-induction remain sparse. This study investigated and employed IBP from polar yeast Leucosporidium sp. (LeIBP) in the cryopreservation process across diverse taxa, including gymnosperms, monocots, dicots, and woody plants. Molecular-level analyses encompassing reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial function, and ATP and lipophilic compounds content were conducted. The results across nine plant species revealed the effects of LeIBP on callus competency post-thawing, along with enhanced survival rates, reactive oxygen species reduction, and restored metabolic activities to the level of those of fresh calli. Moreover, species-specific survival optimization with LeIBP treatments and morphological assessments revealed intriguing extracellular matrix structural changes post-cryopreservation, suggesting a morphological strategy for maintaining the original cellular states and paracrine signaling. This study pioneered the comprehensive application of LeIBP in plant callus cryopreservation, alleviating cellular stress and enhancing competence. Therefore, our findings provide new insights into the identification of optimal LeIBP concentrations, confirmation of genetic conformity post-thawing, and the intracellular metabolic mechanisms of cryopreservation advancements in plant research, thereby addressing the challenges associated with long-term preservation and reducing labor-intensive cultivation processes. This study urges a shift towards molecular-level assessments in cryopreservation protocols for plant calli, advocating a deeper understanding of callus re-induction mechanisms and genetic fidelity post-thawing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euihyun Kim
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Gi-Sok Kwon
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Sunmee Choi
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Soo-Yun Kim
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Yeon Heo
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Young Soon Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, South Korea
| | - Cha Young Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea; Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Jeong
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, 56212, South Korea
| | - Jisub Hwang
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Research Unit of Cryogenic Novel Material, Korea Polar Research Institute, 26, Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21990, South Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Lee
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Moh
- Plant cell Research Institute of BIO-FD&C Co. Ltd., Incheon, 21990, South Korea.
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163
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Zhan M, Xu H, Yu G, Chen Q, Yang R, Chen Y, Ge J, Wang Z, Yang R, Xu B. Androgen receptor deficiency-induced TUG1 in suppressing ferroptosis to promote benign prostatic hyperplasia through the miR-188-3p/GPX4 signal pathway. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103298. [PMID: 39121689 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), characterized by the non-malignant enlargement of the prostate, exhibits a pronounced association with inflammation resulting from androgen receptor (AR) deficiency. Ferroptosis, a cell death mechanism triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and closely linked to inflammation, has yet to be fully understood in the context of BPH. Using RNA sequencing, we observed a significant elevation of taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in BPH tissues compared to normal prostate tissue. High levels of TUG1 exhibited a discernible correlation with both prostate volume and the extent of inflammatory infiltration in BPH patients. The suppression of TUG1 not only led to a reduction in prostate size but also ameliorated AR-deficiency-induced prostatic hyperplasia. Mechanistically, a decrease in AR in prostate luminal cells prompted macrophage aggregation and the release of IL-1β, subsequently fostering the transcription of TUG1 via MYC. Induced TUG1, through competitive binding with miR-188-3p, facilitated the expression of GPX4, thereby diminishing intracellular ROS levels and impeding ferroptosis in prostate luminal cells. Notably, the ferroptosis inducer JKE-1674 alleviated inflammation-induced prostatic hyperplasia in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that AR deficiency crucially inhibits ferroptosis, promoting BPH via the TUG1/miR-188-3p/GPX4 signaling axis, and making ferroptosis induction a promising therapeutic strategy for BPH patients with AR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhan
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA
| | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guopeng Yu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ruifeng Yang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jianchao Ge
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, Shanghai, 200135, China.
| | - Ruimeng Yang
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA; Department of Molecular Diagnostics & Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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164
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Martino G, Valli G, Sarto F, Franchi MV, Narici MV, DE Vito G. Neuromodulatory Contribution to Muscle Force Production after Short-Term Unloading and Active Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:1830-1839. [PMID: 38689447 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior evidence has shown that neural factors contribute to the loss of muscle force after skeletal muscle disuse. However, little is known about the specific neural mechanisms altered by disuse. Persistent inward current (PIC) is an intrinsic property of motoneurons responsible for prolonging and amplifying the synaptic input, proportionally to the level of neuromodulation, thus influencing motoneuron discharge rate and force production. Here, we hypothesized that short-term unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) would reduce the neuromodulatory input associated with PIC, contributing to the reduction of force generation capacity. In addition, we tested whether physical exercise would restore the force generation capacity by reestablishing the initial level of neuromodulatory input. METHODS In 12 young adults, we assessed maximal voluntary contraction pre- and post-10 d of ULLS and after 21 d of active recovery (AR) based on resistance exercise. PIC was estimated from high-density surface electromyograms of the vastus lateralis muscle as the delta frequency (Δ F ) of paired motor units calculated during isometric ramped contractions. RESULTS The values of Δ F were reduced after 10 d of ULLS (-33%, P < 0.001), but were fully reestablished after the AR (+29.4%, P < 0.001). The changes in estimated PIC values were correlated ( r = 0.63, P = 0.004) with the reduction in maximal voluntary contraction after ULLS (-29%, P = 0.002) and its recovery after the AR (+28.5%, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that PIC estimates are reduced by muscle disuse and may contribute to the loss of force production and its recovery with exercise. Overall, this is the first study demonstrating that, in addition to peripheral neuromuscular changes, central neuromodulation is a major contributor to the loss of force generation capacity after disuse, and can be recovered after resistance exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ITALY
| | - Giacomo Valli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ITALY
| | - Fabio Sarto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, ITALY
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Heuvelmans AM, Proietti Onori M, Frega M, de Hoogen JD, Nel E, Elgersma Y, van Woerden GM. Modeling mTORopathy-related epilepsy in cultured murine hippocampal neurons using the multi-electrode array. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114874. [PMID: 38914275 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway is a ubiquitous cellular pathway. mTORopathies, a group of disorders characterized by hyperactivity of the mTORC1 pathway, illustrate the prominent role of the mTOR pathway in disease pathology, often profoundly affecting the central nervous system. One of the most debilitating symptoms of mTORopathies is drug-resistant epilepsy, emphasizing the urgent need for a deeper understanding of disease mechanisms to develop novel anti-epileptic drugs. In this study, we explored the multiwell Multi-electrode array (MEA) system as a tool to identify robust network activity parameters in an approach to model mTORopathy-related epilepsy in vitro. To this extent, we cultured mouse primary hippocampal neurons on the multiwell MEA to identify robust network activity phenotypes in mTORC1-hyperactive neuronal networks. mTOR-hyperactivity was induced either through deletion of Tsc1 or overexpression of a constitutively active RHEB variant identified in patients, RHEBp.P37L. mTORC1 dependency of the phenotypes was assessed using rapamycin, and vigabatrin was applied to treat epilepsy-like phenotypes. We show that hyperactivity of the mTORC1 pathway leads to aberrant network activity. In both the Tsc1-KO and RHEB-p.P37L models, we identified changes in network synchronicity, rhythmicity, and burst characteristics. The presence of these phenotypes is prevented upon early treatment with the mTORC1-inhibitor rapamycin. Application of rapamycin in mature neuronal cultures could only partially rescue the network activity phenotypes. Additionally, treatment with the anti-epileptic drug vigabatrin reduced network activity and restored burst characteristics. Taken together, we showed that mTORC1-hyperactive neuronal cultures on the multiwell MEA system present reliable network activity phenotypes that can be used as an assay to explore the potency of new drug treatments targeting epilepsy in mTORopathy patients and may give more insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying epilepsy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M Heuvelmans
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands.
| | - Martina Proietti Onori
- The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Monica Frega
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, 7522 NB Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey D de Hoogen
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline Nel
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - Geeske M van Woerden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; The ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands.
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166
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Sagredo GT, Tanglay O, Shahdadpuri S, Fu Y, Halliday GM. ⍺-Synuclein levels in Parkinson's disease - Cell types and forms that contribute to pathogenesis. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114887. [PMID: 39009177 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has two main pathological hallmarks, the loss of nigral dopamine neurons and the proteinaceous aggregations of ⍺-synuclein (⍺Syn) in neuronal Lewy pathology. These two co-existing features suggest a causative association between ⍺Syn aggregation and the underpinning mechanism of neuronal degeneration in PD. Both increased levels and post-translational modifications of ⍺Syn can contribute to the formation of pathological aggregations of ⍺Syn in neurons. Recent studies have shown that the protein is also expressed by multiple types of non-neuronal cells in the brain and peripheral tissues, suggesting additional roles of the protein and potential diversity in non-neuronal pathogenic triggers. It is important to determine (1) the threshold levels triggering ⍺Syn to convert from a biological to a pathologic form in different brain cells in PD; (2) the dominant form of pathologic ⍺Syn and the associated post-translational modification of the protein in each cell type involved in PD; and (3) the cell type associated biological processes impacted by pathologic ⍺Syn in PD. This review integrates these aspects and speculates on potential pathological mechanisms and their impact on neuronal and non-neuronal ⍺Syn in the brains of patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Tatiana Sagredo
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Onur Tanglay
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shrey Shahdadpuri
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - YuHong Fu
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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167
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Wu S, Guo Y, Cao Z, Nan J, Zhang Q, Hu M, Ning H, Huang W, Xiao LD, Feng H. Effects of Otago exercise program on physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 124:105470. [PMID: 38718487 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maintaining physical function is critical for older adults to achieve healthy aging. The Otago exercise program (OEP) has been widely used to prevent falls for older adults. However, the effects of OEP on physical function remain controversial and the possible effects modifiers have not been assessed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of OEP on physical function in older adults and to explore potential moderators underlying the effects of OEP. METHODS We searched five electronic databases and relevant systematic reviews to identify studies. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of OEP as a single intervention on physical function among older adults aged 65 and over. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for physical function changes, pertinent to balance, strength, and mobility, were outcome measures. Subgroup analyses on exercise protocol and participants' characteristics were performed. RESULTS Thirteen RCTs consisting of 2402 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results indicated a significant effect of OEP on balance (SMD = 0.59, 95 % CI: 0.22∼0.96), lower body strength (SMD = 0.93, 95 % CI: 0.31∼1.55), and mobility (SMD = -0.59, 95 % CI: -0.95∼-0.22) against control groups. No significant OEP effects were found on upper body strength (MD = 1.48, 95 % CI: -0.58∼3.55). Subgroup analysis revealed that the video-supported delivery mode was more effective for improving balance (P = 0.04) and mobility (P = 0.02) than the face-to-face mode. Session durations over 30 min was more effective on lower body strength (P < 0.001) and mobility (P < 0.001) than those 1-30 min. Program period of 13-26 weeks was more effective on mobility (P = 0.02) than those of 4-12 weeks. However, the effects of OEP on physical function were not associated with age groups, and baseline falling risks. CONCLUSION The OEP could improve physical function including balance, lower body strength, and mobility in older adults. Implementing the OEP in video-supported, more than 30 min per session and 4-12 weeks may be the most appropriate and effective exercise protocol for improving physical function among older adults. More RCTs with rigorous design and larger scale are needed to further assess the effectiveness of diverse OEP protocols and quantify the dose-effect relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, China; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Australia
| | - Yongzhen Guo
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, China
| | - Zeng Cao
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Jiahui Nan
- The first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, China
| | - Hongting Ning
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, China
| | - Weiping Huang
- Teaching and Research Section of Clinical Nursing, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China
| | - Lily Dongxia Xiao
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Hui Feng
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, China; Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, China; Xiangya Research Center of Evidence-Based Healthcare, Central South University, China.
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168
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Nguyen TL, Kim H. Discovering peptides and computational investigations of a multiepitope vaccine target Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2024; 9:391-405. [PMID: 38585591 PMCID: PMC10997871 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), a prevalent airborne infectious disease. Despite the availability of the Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, its global efficacy remains modest, and tuberculosis persists as a significant global public health threat. Addressing this challenge and advancing towards the End MTB Strategy, we developed a multiepitope vaccine (MEV) based on immunoinformatics and computational approaches. Immunoinformatics screening of MBT protein identified immune-dominant epitopes based on Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) allele binding, immunogenicity, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and cytokine inducibility. Selected epitopes were integrated into an MEV construct with adjuvant and linkers, forming a fully immunogenic vaccine candidate. Comprehensive analyses encompassed the evaluation of immunological and physicochemical properties, determination of tertiary structure, molecular docking with Toll-Like Receptors (TLR), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for all atoms, and immune simulations. Our MEV comprises 534 amino acids, featuring 6 cytotoxic T lymphocyte, 8 helper T lymphocyte, and 7 linear B lymphocyte epitopes, demonstrating high antigenicity and stability. Notably, molecular docking studies and triplicate MD simulations revealed enhanced interactions and stability of MEV with the TLR4 complex compared to TLR2. In addition, the immune simulation indicated the capacity to effectively induce elevated levels of antibodies and cytokines, emphasizing the vaccine's robust immunogenic response. This study presents a promising MEV against TB, exhibiting favorable immunological and physicochemical attributes. The findings provide theoretical support for TB vaccine development. Our study aligns with the global initiative of the End MTB Strategy, emphasizing its potential impact on addressing persistent challenges in TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truc Ly Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heebal Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- eGnome, Inc., Seoul, 05836, Republic of Korea
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169
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He L, Zhu G. Regulation and application of quorum sensing on anaerobic digestion system. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142983. [PMID: 39089336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the social behavior of microbial communities. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a biological process using anaerobic microorganisms to degrade organic macromolecules into small molecules for biogas and biofertilizer production. In AD, the QS signaling molecule N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) induces bacterial metabolism, improving AD process efficiency. However, there are fewer systematic reports about QS regulation of microbial behavior in AD. In this report, the effects of signaling molecules on extracellular polymer secretion, biofilm formation, granulation of granular sludge and bacterial metabolism in AD were investigated in detail. At present, the regulation behavior of QS on AD is a group phenomenon, and there are few in-depth studies on the regulation pathway. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the pure culture system, granular sludge and reactor in the AD. Then we pointed out that the future application potential of QS in the AD may be combined with quorum quenching (QQ) and omics technology, which is of great significance for the future application of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan He
- School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
| | - Gefu Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Life Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China.
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170
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De Bortoli M, Queisser A, Pham VC, Dompmartin A, Helaers R, Boutry S, Claus C, De Roo AK, Hammer F, Brouillard P, Abdelilah-Seyfried S, Boon LM, Vikkula M. Somatic Loss-of-Function PIK3R1 and Activating Non-hotspot PIK3CA Mutations Associated with Capillary Malformation with Dilated Veins (CMDV). J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:2066-2077.e6. [PMID: 38431221 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Common capillary malformations are red vascular skin lesions, most commonly associated with somatic activating GNAQ or GNA11 mutations. We focused on capillary malformations lacking such a mutation to identify previously unreported genetic causes. We used targeted next-generation sequencing on 82 lesions. Bioinformatic analysis allowed the identification of 9 somatic pathogenic variants in PIK3R1 and PIK3CA, encoding for the regulatory and catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, respectively. Recharacterization of these lesions unraveled a common phenotype: a pale capillary malformation associated with visible dilated veins. Primary endothelial cells from 2 PIK3R1-mutated lesions were isolated, and PI3k-Akt-mTOR and RAS-RAF-MAPK signaling were assessed by western blot. This unveiled an abnormal increase in Akt phosphorylation, effectively reduced by PI3K pathway inhibitors, such as mTOR, Akt, and PIK3CA inhibitors. The effects of mutant PIK3R1 were further studied using zebrafish embryos. Endothelium-specific expression of PIK3R1 mutants resulted in abnormal development of the posterior capillary-venous plexus. In summary, capillary malformation associated with visible dilated veins emerges as a clinical entity associated with somatic pathogenic variants in PIK3R1 or PIK3CA (nonhotspot). Our findings suggest that the activated Akt signaling can be effectively reversed by PI3K pathway inhibitors. In addition, the proposed zebrafish model holds promise as a valuable tool for future drug screening aimed at developing patient-tailored treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Bortoli
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angela Queisser
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Dompmartin
- Department of Dermatology, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Université de Caen Basse Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Raphaël Helaers
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Simon Boutry
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels, Université Libre de Bruxelles-Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cathy Claus
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - An-Katrien De Roo
- Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Service d'anatomopathologie, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Hammer
- Department of Medical Imaging, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascal Brouillard
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Laurence M Boon
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miikka Vikkula
- Laboratory of Human Molecular Genetics, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Vascular Anomalies, Division of Plastic Surgery, VASCERN VASCA European Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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Wang Y, Wang S, Wang Y, Gao P, Wang L, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Liu K, Xia Q, Tu P. The natural compound sinometumine E derived from Corydalis decumbens promotes angiogenesis by regulating HIF-1/ VEGF pathway in vivo and in vitro. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117113. [PMID: 39067164 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Corydalis decumbens is a traditional Chinese medicine commonly utilized in the clinical treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Numerous phytochemical and biological investigations have demonstrated that protoberberine alkaloids from C. decumbens exhibit diverse pharmaceutical activities against various diseases. Sinometumine E (SE), a protoberberine alkaloid isolated from C. decumbens for the first time, is characterized by a complex 6/6/6/6/6/6 hexacyclic skeleton. In the current study, we investigated the protective effects of SE on endothelial cell injury and its angiogenesis effects in zebrafish. The results suggested that SE showed significant anti-ischemic effects on OGD/R-induced HBEC-5i and HUVECs cell ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Furthermore, it promoted angiogenesis in PTK787-induced, MPTP-induced, and atorvastatin-induced vessel injury models of zebrafish, while also suppressing hypoxia-induced locomotor impairment in zebrafish. Transcriptome sequencing analysis provided a sign that SE likely to promotes angiogenesis through the HIF-1/VEGF signaling pathway to exert anti-ischemic effects. Consistently, SE modulated several genes related to HIF-1/VEGF signal pathway, such as hif-1, vegf, vegfr-2, pi3k, erk, akt and plcγ. Molecular docking analysis revealed that VEGFR-2 exhibited high binding affinity with SE, and western blot analysis confirmed that SE treatment enhanced the expression of VEGFR-2. In conclusion, our study profiled the angiogenic activities of SE in vitro and in vivo. The key targets and related pathways involved in anti-ischemic effects of SE, shedding light on the pharmacodynamic components and mechanisms of Corydalis decumbens, and provides valuable insights for identifying effective substances for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanhang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Le Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250103, China.
| | - Pengfei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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172
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Gross RH, Corboy J. De-escalation and Discontinuation of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:341-353. [PMID: 38995483 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Long-term use of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) is standard practice to prevent accumulation of disability. Immunosenescence and other age-related changes lead to an altered risk-benefit ratio for older patients on DMTs. This article reviews recent research on the topic of de-escalation and discontinuation of MS DMTs. RECENT FINDINGS Observational and interventional studies have shed light on what happens to patients who de-escalate or discontinue DMTs and the factors, such as age, treatment type, and presence of recent disease activity, that influence outcomes. Though many questions remain, recent findings have been valuable for the development of an evidence-based approach to making de-escalation and discontinuation decisions in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Gross
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17thAvenue, Mail Stop F727, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Administration Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - John Corboy
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17thAvenue, Mail Stop F727, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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173
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Wang W, Jia H, Hua X, Song J. New insights gained from cellular landscape changes in myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:883-907. [PMID: 38896377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Advances in the etiological classification of myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy (ICM) have reached a consensus. However, the mechanism of myocarditis/ICM remains unclear, which affects the development of treatment and the improvement of outcome. Cellular transcription and metabolic reprogramming, and the interactions between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes, such as the immune cells, contribute to the process of myocarditis/ICM. Recent efforts have been made by multi-omics techniques, particularly in single-cell RNA sequencing, to gain a better understanding of the cellular landscape alteration occurring in disease during the progression. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the latest studies in myocarditis/ICM, particularly as revealed by single-cell sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiteng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 10037, China.
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174
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Rudroff T. Frontal-striatal glucose metabolism and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis, long COVID, and COVID-19 recovered controls. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:2125-2136. [PMID: 38970653 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06882-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This study compared brain glucose metabolism using FDG-PET in the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) among patients with Long COVID, patients with fatigue, people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) patients with fatigue, and COVID recovered controls. PwMS exhibited greater hypometabolism compared to long COVID patients with fatigue and the COVID recovered control group in all studied brain areas except the globus pallidus (effect size range 0.7-1.5). The results showed no significant differences in glucose metabolism between patients with Long COVID and the COVID recovered control group in these regions. These findings suggest that long COVID fatigue may involve non-CNS systems, neurotransmitter imbalances, or psychological factors not captured by FDG-PET, while MS-related fatigue is associated with more severe frontal-striatal circuit dysfunction due to demyelination and neurodegeneration. Symmetrical standardized uptake values (SUVs) between hemispheres in all groups imply that fatigue in these conditions may be related to global or network-level alterations rather than hemisphere-specific changes. Future studies should employ fine-grained analysis methods, explore other brain regions, and control for confounding factors to better understand the pathophysiology of fatigue in MS and long COVID. Longitudinal studies tracking brain glucose metabolism in patients with Long COVID could provide insights into the evolution of metabolic patterns as the condition progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Rudroff
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, E432 Field House, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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175
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Steulet A, Obura B, Waitt C, Laker E, Nicol MR, Cresswell FV. Clinical pharmacology considerations and drug-drug interactions with long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine relevant to sub-Saharan Africa. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:2079-2091. [PMID: 38923554 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAI) cabotegravir and rilpivirine for HIV treatment and LAI cabotegravir for pre-exposure HIV prophylaxis are being rolled out in a multitude of countries worldwide. Due to the prolonged exposure, it can be challenging to undertake 'traditional' pharmacokinetic studies and current guidance is derived from their oral equivalents or physiologically based pharmacokinetic studies. This review aims to consider pharmacokinetic characteristics of cabotegravir and rilpivirine and describe anticipated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with frequent concomitant medications in African settings. Relevant co-medications were identified from the WHO 2021 List of Essential Medicines. All original human and physiologically based pharmacokinetic studies published in English on PubMed, discussing DDIs with LAI cabotegravir and rilpivirine prior to April 2023, were reviewed. The Liverpool HIV interaction database was also reviewed (https://www.hiv-druginteractions.org/checker). LAI cabotegravir and rilpivirine have half-lives of 6-12 and 13-28 weeks, respectively. Cabotegravir is primarily metabolized by UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT)-1A1 and rilpivirine by cytochrome P450 (CYP)-3A4. LAI cabotegravir and rilpivirine themselves exhibit low risk of perpetrating interactions with co-medications as they do not induce or inhibit the major drug metabolizing enzymes. However, they are victims of DDIs relating to the induction of their metabolizing enzymes by concomitantly administered medication. Noteworthy contraindicated co-medications include rifamycins, carbamazepine, phenytoin, flucloxacillin and griseofulvin, which induce CYP3A4 and/or UGT1A1, causing clinically significant reduced concentrations of rilpivirine and/or cabotegravir. In addition to virologic failure, subtherapeutic concentrations resulting from DDIs can lead to emergent drug resistance. Clinicians should be aware of potential DDIs and counsel people receiving LAI cabotegravir/rilpivirine appropriately to minimize risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Steulet
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nyon Hospital (GHOL), Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Bonniface Obura
- Antimicrobial Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics Group, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lira University, Lira, Uganda
| | - Catriona Waitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eva Laker
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Melanie R Nicol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fiona V Cresswell
- MRC/UVRI-LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
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176
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Dai P, Ma C, Jiang T, Shi J, Liu S, Zheng M, Zhou Y, Li X, Liu Y, Chen H. CD147 mediates S protein pseudovirus of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its induction of spermatogonia apoptosis. Endocrine 2024; 85:1435-1445. [PMID: 38824220 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Male cases diagnosed COVID-19 with more complications and higher mortality compared with females, and the overall consequences of male sex hormones and semen parameters deterioration were observed in COVID-19 patients, whereas the involvement and mechanism for spermatogenic cell remains unclear. The study was aimed to investigate the infection mode of S protein (D614G) pseudovirus (pseu-S-D614G) to spermatogenic cells, as well as the influence on cell growth. Both mouse spermatogonia (GC-1 cell, immortalized spermatogonia) and spermatocyte (GC-2 cell, immortalized spermatocytes) were used to detect the infection of pseu-S-D614G of SARS-CoV-2, and further explored the effect of SARS-CoV-2-spike protein (S-protein) and SARS-CoV-2-spike protein (omicron) (O-protein) on GC-1 cell apoptosis and proliferation. The data showed that the pseu-S-D614G invaded into GC-1 cells through either human ACE2 (hACE2) or human CD147 (hCD147), whereas GC-2 cells were insensitive to viral infection. In addition, the apoptosis and proliferation suppression inflicted by S-protein and O-protein on GC-1 cells was through Bax-Caspase3 signaling rather than arresting cell cycle progression. These findings suggest that CD147, apart from ACE2, may be a potential receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in testicular tissues, and that the apoptotic effect was induced in spermatogonia cells by S-protein or O-protein, eventually resulted in the damage to male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Dai
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Chaoye Ma
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Meihua Zheng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Lianhua Road No. 1120, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, PR China.
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, GMU-GIBH Joint school of Life Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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177
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Yuce M, Ates B, Yasar NI, Sungur FA, Kurkcuoglu O. A computational workflow to determine drug candidates alternative to aminoglycosides targeting the decoding center of E. coli ribosome. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 131:108817. [PMID: 38976944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The global antibiotic resistance problem necessitates fast and effective approaches to finding novel inhibitors to treat bacterial infections. In this study, we propose a computational workflow to identify plausible high-affinity compounds from FDA-approved, investigational, and experimental libraries for the decoding center on the small subunit 30S of the E. coli ribosome. The workflow basically consists of two molecular docking calculations on the intact 30S, followed by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations coupled with MM-GBSA calculations on a truncated ribosome structure. The parameters used in the molecular docking suits, Glide and AutoDock Vina, as well as in the MD simulations with Desmond were carefully adjusted to obtain expected interactions for the ligand-rRNA complexes. A filtering procedure was followed, considering a fingerprint based on aminoglycoside's binding site on the 30S to obtain seven hit compounds either with different clinical usages or aminoglycoside derivatives under investigation, suggested for in vitro studies. The detailed workflow developed in this study promises an effective and fast approach for the estimation of binding free energies of large protein-RNA and ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Yuce
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Beril Ates
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Nesrin Isil Yasar
- Istanbul Technical University, Computational Science and Engineering Division, Informatics Institute, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Fethiye Aylin Sungur
- Istanbul Technical University, Computational Science and Engineering Division, Informatics Institute, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Ozge Kurkcuoglu
- Istanbul Technical University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
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178
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Chang CJ, Taoufiq Z, Yamada H, Takei K, Tomiyama T, Umeda T, Hori T, Takahashi T. The microtubule-dynamin binding inhibitor peptide PHDP5 rescues spatial learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Brain Res 2024; 1838:148987. [PMID: 38718851 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Dynamin is a microtubule (MT) binding protein playing a key role in vesicle endocytosis. In a brain slice model, tau loaded in presynaptic terminals assembles MTs, thereby impairing vesicle endocytosis via depletion of cytosolic dynamin. The peptide PHDP5, derived from the pleckstrin homology domain of dynamin 1, inhibits dynamin-MT interaction and rescues endocytosis and synaptic transmission impaired by tau when co-loaded in presynaptic terminals. We tested whether in vivo administration of PHDP5 could rescue the learning/memory deficits observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice. A modified PHDP5 incorporating a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) and a FITC fluorescent marker was delivered intranasally to Tau609 transgenic (Tg) and 3xTg-AD mice. FITC-positive puncta were observed in the hippocampus of mice infused with PHDP5 or scrambled (SPHDP5) peptide, but not in saline-infused controls. In the Morris water maze (MWM) test for spatial learning/memory, AD model mice treated with FITC-PHDP5-CPP showed prominent improvements in learning and memory, performing close to the level of saline-infused WT mice control. In contrast, mice treated with a scrambled construct (FITC-SPHDP5-CPP) showed no significant improvement. We conclude that PHDP5 can be a candidate for human AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chang
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Zacharie Taoufiq
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience. Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kohji Takei
- Department of Neuroscience. Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takami Tomiyama
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, 530-0001 Osaka Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umeda
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine School of Medicine, 530-0001 Osaka Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hori
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- Cellular and Molecular Synaptic Function Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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179
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Hunter J, Jackson SH, Van Norman GA. Ethics of Preanesthesia Mandatory Laboratory Testing. Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 42:473-490. [PMID: 39054021 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Some practices require mandatory preoperative laboratory testing for select patients presenting for anesthesia and surgery. Such mandatory preanesthesia laboratory testing has significant ethical implications related to informed consent and patient autonomy. Assumptions that a patient provides "presumed consent" by merely presenting for a test are flawed because such consents are often not informed and do not acknowledge patient autonomy. By placing a condition on access to a medical treatment, mandatory preanesthesia testing may not be ethically justifiable. Not all laboratory tests are "ethically equal"; several raise specific questions regarding informed consent, related to their potential to cause significant harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hunter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stephen H Jackson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Good Samaritan Hospital, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Gail A Van Norman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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180
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Zali A, Hajyani S, Salari M, Tajabadi-Ebrahimi M, Mortazavian AM, Pakpour B. Co-administration of probiotics and vitamin D reduced disease severity and complications in patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1905-1914. [PMID: 38805039 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Probiotics have beneficial effects on the nervous system by modulating the gut-brain axis. Additionally, vitamin D supplementation presents a potential way for ameliorating neuropsychological disorders, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. OBJECTIVES The current clinical trial aimed to investigate the role of co-administered supplementation of probiotics and Vitamin D on the different inflammatory aspects of patients with Parkinson's disease. METHODS Forty-six patients with PD were recruited From the Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Tehran, Iran. These patients were randomly allocated to one of the two treatment groups: Group A, who received probiotic/vitamin D supplements (n = 23), and Group B who received placebo capsules (n = 23) for 12 weeks. As primary outcomes, Interferon-Gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum were evaluated at the baseline and the end of the trial. Moreover, Additional questionnaire-based factors including gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) were evaluated. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that the consumption of probiotic/vitamin D supplements leads to a significant decrease in IL-1β, INF-γ, IL-6, and MDA levels, while showing a significant increase in IL-10 and TAC levels compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05). Additionally, it leads to a significant decrease in the disease severity, anxiety, and gastrointestinal problems in PD patients in comparison to the placebo group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Given the acknowledged role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease on one hand, and the recognized anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects associated with probiotics and vitamin D on the other hand, the concurrent administration of probiotics and vitamin D supplements emerges as a promising and potentially effective treatment option for individuals with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hajyani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P O. Box: 14155-8189, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehri Salari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P O. Box: 14155-8189, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir M Mortazavian
- Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Pakpour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, P O. Box: 14155-8189, Tehran, Iran
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181
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Alcalá-Zúniga D, Espinoza-Torres E, Das RK, Vargas M, Maldonado O, Benavides O, Manojkumar A, de la Garza R, Davila N, Perez I, Martinez AH, Roy D, López-Juárez A, Zarei MM, Baker KA, Gil M, Rodrigo H, de Erausquin GA, Roy U. Enriched Environment Contributes to the Recovery from Neurotoxin-Induced Parkinson's Disease Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6734-6753. [PMID: 38349515 PMCID: PMC11339186 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03951-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder that affects dopaminergic neurons. The lack of understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of PD pathology makes treating it a challenge. Several pieces of evidence support the protective role of enriched environment (EE) and exercise on dopaminergic neurons. The specific aspect(s) of neuroprotection after exposure to EE have not been identified. Therefore, we have investigated the protective role of EE on dopamine dysregulation and subsequent downregulation of DJ1 protein using in vitro and in vivo models of PD. Our study for the first time demonstrated that DJ1 expression has a direct correlation with dopamine downregulation in PD models and exposure to EE has a significant impact on improving the behavioral changes in PD mice. This research provides evidence that exercise in EE has a positive effect on PD without interfering with the current line of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Alcalá-Zúniga
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Erika Espinoza-Torres
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar Das
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Magaly Vargas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Oscar Maldonado
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Omar Benavides
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Arvind Manojkumar
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Roberto de la Garza
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Natalia Davila
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Isaac Perez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Alejandro Hernandez Martinez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Deepa Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Alejandro López-Juárez
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Masoud M Zarei
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA
| | - Kelsey A Baker
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Mario Gil
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Harlingen, TX, USA
| | - Hansapani Rodrigo
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel A de Erausquin
- The Glenn Biggs Institute of Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Disorders, Joe and Teresa Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Upal Roy
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, 78520, USA.
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182
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Albukhari M, Bagies M, Lizbeth T, Kottilil S. Fighting fire with fire: using infectious agents to treat persistent infection. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:1177-1184. [PMID: 39105632 DOI: 10.1080/17460913.2024.2363728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Often, resolution of the acute stage of the disease leads to microbial persistence, resulting in chronic debilitating disease. Management of persistent infections frequently requires lifelong therapy with antimicrobial agents. These infections could be chronic viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B or chronic bacterial persistent infections like prosthetic joint infections caused by multi-drug resistant organisms. Bacteriophages have been designed specifically to target recalcitrant bacterial infections, such as prosthetic joint infections with varying success. In this review, we describe the historic evolution of scenarios and risks associated with innovative therapy using infectious agents to treat other persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Albukhari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Maria Bagies
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | - Shyamasundaran Kottilil
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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183
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Huang Y, Hu B, Chen S, Jiang Z, Dai Z, Jiang Z, Liu C, Xu Y, Chen X, Jin W, Yu B, Zhang X. The role of serum chloride ion in the prognosis of COPD. Am J Med Sci 2024; 368:235-241. [PMID: 38777153 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are one of the leading causes of hospitalization and are associated with significant mortality, it is particularly important to accurately assess the risk of exacerbations in COPD. Most of the current clinical biomarkers are related to inflammation and few consider how ion levels affect COPD. Chloride ion, the second most abundant serum electrolyte, has been shown to be associated with poor prognoses in several diseases, but their relationship with COPD remains unclear. METHODS In total, 105 patients with acute exacerbations of COPD were recruited. Data on clinical characteristics, lung function, blood count, blood biochemistry, relevant scales including the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), BODE (BMI, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise capacity) index and the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were collected from all patients for statistical analysis. RESULT There were significant differences in lung function indicators and disease severity in the low chloride ion subgroup compared with the high chloride ion subgroup. On multiple logistic regression analysis, chloride ion was an independent factor affecting lung function in COPD patients (OR=0.808, 95% CI: 0.708 - 0.922, p=0.002). The sensitivity of chloride ion in predicting COPD severity was 78%, the specificity was 63%, and the area under the curve was 0.734 (p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that chloride ion was a stronger predictor in male and smoking patients. CONCLUSIONS Chloride ion was a novel prognostic biomarker for COPD, and low levels of chloride ion were independently associated with exacerbations in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiben Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Binbin Hu
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siyao Chen
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zerui Jiang
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zicong Dai
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yage Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianjing Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanzhong Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Beibei Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaodiao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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184
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Chen X, Mu W, Shao Y, Peng L, Zhang R, Luo S, He X, Zhang L, He F, Li L, Wang R, Yang L, Xiang B. Genetic and molecular characterization of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104040. [PMID: 39043028 PMCID: PMC11318558 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype of the avian influenza virus (AIV) is widely prevalent in birds, threatening the poultry industry and providing genetic material for emerging human pathogens. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of H9N2 in Yunnan Province, China, are largely unknown. Samples were collected from live poultry markets (LPMs) and breeding farms in Yunnan Province. H9N2-positive samples were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with a high positivity rate of 42.86% in tissue samples. The positivity rate of swab samples in the LPMs in Kunming was 3.97% (17/564), but no AIV was detected in samples from poultry farms in Lijiang, Wenshan, and Yuxi. Evolutionary analysis and genotyping were performed for the 17 strains of isolated H9N2 virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all H9N2 viral genes had 91.6%-100% nucleotide homology, belonged to the G57 genotype, and had high homology with H9N2 viruses isolated from Guangdong and Guangxi, suggesting that the H9N2 viruses in Yunnan Province may have been imported by chicks. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 95%, we identified ten distinct H9N2 genotypes that continued to evolve. The surface genes of the H9N2 isolates displayed substantial genetic diversity, highlighting the genetic diversity and complexity of the H9N2-subtype AIVs in Yunnan. Molecular analysis demonstrated that all 17 strains of H9N2 isolates had mutations at H183N, Q226L, L31P, and I268V in hemagglutinin; S31N in matrix protein 2; and no replacements at positions 274 and 292 of the neuraminidase protein. Sixteen strains had the A558V mutation and one strain had the E627V mutation in polymerase basic protein 2. Analysis of these amino acid sites suggests that H9N2 influenza viruses in Yunnan continue to mutate and adapt to mammals and are sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors but resistant to adamantanes. It is necessary to strengthen surveillance of AIV H9N2 subtypes in poultry and LPMs in Yunnan to further understand their genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Weiwu Mu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunteng Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Li Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Rongjie Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xingchen He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Fengping He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ronghai Wang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, Yanjin 657599, China
| | - Liangyu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; Center for Poultry Disease Control and Prevention, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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185
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Angku H, Verma R, Mahalingam K, Naik A, Angmo D, Gupta S, Sihota R, Dada T. Evaluation of Visual Cortex Activity Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Primary Open Angle and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma: A Pilot Study. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:624-631. [PMID: 38747728 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess visual cortical activity in patients with primary open angle (POAG) and primary angle closure (PACG) glaucomas. There was decreased activity in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients correlating with the severity of glaucoma. OBJECTIVE To evaluate visual cortex activity using fNIRS in POAG and PACG compared with healthy controls. METHODS A total of 30 POAGs, 31 PACGs, and 30 healthy aged-matched controls from a single centre were recruited in this cross-sectional observational pilot study with purposive sampling. The POAG and PACG groups were age-matched but were not matched for disease severity at recruitment. All participants underwent fNIRS testing using a multichannel continuous-wave near-infrared system NIRSport 8×7 device (NIRx Medizintechnik GmbH). The visual cortex activity was evaluated in terms of the maximum amplitude of change in oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) concentration over 10 seconds, and a comparison was done among 3 groups. Both POAG and PACG groups were combined (termed as glaucoma group) to assess the relationship of visual cortical activity with disease severity (by visual field defect (mean deviation) and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness). RESULTS All participants showed the characteristic response of increased OxyHb and decreased deoxyhemoglobin during stimulus presentation. The maximum amplitude of change in OxyHb concentration over 10 seconds was significantly lower in both POAG and PACG groups compared with control in the right and left middle occipital gyri ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between PACG and POAG. Importantly, there was a negative correlation between the visual cortex activity with the visual field defects (mean deviation; P < 0.05) and a positive correlation with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the glaucoma group ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In patients with glaucoma, a reduction in visual cortical activity was observed, which may be indicative of neuronal degeneration occurring in the occipital cortex. Disease severity in glaucoma appears to be closely correlated with visual cortex activity. fNIRS can serve as a useful neuroimaging modality for assessing the hemodynamic and neurodegenerative changes in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hage Angku
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Verma
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Karthikeyan Mahalingam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anand Naik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dewang Angmo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramanjit Sihota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Jajodia E, Menghani H, Arora N, Jitani A. De-novo ATR-16 syndrome associated with inherited hemoglobin Evanston causing HbH phenotype: a rare occurrence. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:3805-3810. [PMID: 38990295 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Abnormality of three α-globin genes, either deletion or point mutation results in symptomatic Hemoglobin H (HbH) phenotype. Most of such cases of α-globin defects are inherited from the parents, de-novo cases are exceedingly rare. Herein, a case of HbH is reported where the proband inherited one α-globin gene with a point mutation (αEvanston) from the mother. This was associated with large de-novo deletion of chromosome 16p13.3 resulting in α-thalassemia and mental retardation (ATR-16) syndrome. This deletion also encompassed two α-globin genes from chromosome 16, eventually leading to --/ααEvanston genotype, explaining the clinical presentation of the proband. The challenges in screening of such cases and confirming the molecular diagnosis along with the mode of inheritance has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Jajodia
- Molecular Genetics, Unipath Specialty Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Menghani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Marengo CIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Neeraj Arora
- Molecular Genetics, Unipath Specialty Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Ankit Jitani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Marengo CIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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187
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Xu Y, Chen A, Chen R, Zheng W. Association between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in the older population, and the mediating role of neurofilament light chain: Evidence from NHANES 2013-2014. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:221-228. [PMID: 38823588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the potential mediating role of the neurofilament light chain (NfL) level between depressive symptoms and cognitive function in older population. METHODS A total of 495 adults (age ≥60 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participated in this study. Cognitive function was assessed using a combination of the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Word List Learning Test. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Data on serum NfL(sNfL) were collected. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis were utilized to examine the associations. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the proportions mediated by the sNfL level between depressive symptoms and cognitive function was 19.65 %. The indirect effect mediated by the sNfL level between depressive symptoms and cognitive function was significant (β[95 % CI]:-0.0089 [-0.0191, -0.0017],p = 0.040), while the direct effect in the absence of sNfL was non-significant (β[95 % CI]: -0.0365 [-0.0739 0.0008],p = 0.055). LIMITATIONS This is an explorative cross-sectional study with its limits in generalizability and ability to establish definitive causal associations. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the constraints imposed by the characteristics of the population with a relatively low overall level of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION The sNfL level, depressive symptoms, and cognitive decline are interconnected, and the sNfL level could mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive decline among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - An Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Rucheng Chen
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Elebo N, Mpinganjira MG, Baichan P, Devar J, Omoshoro-Jones J, Francis JM, Smith M, Nweke EE. The need for research targeting the link between occupational carcinogens and hepatopancreatobiliary cancers in Africa: A systematic review. Transl Oncol 2024; 47:102036. [PMID: 38878612 PMCID: PMC11225925 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) cancers encompassing malignancies of the liver, pancreas, gall bladder, and bile ducts pose a significant health burden in Africa. While the association of certain occupational carcinogens in cancer is well established globally, their potential role in HPB cancers remains understudied, especially in an African context. AIM This systematic review delves into the association between occupational carcinogens and HPB cancer in Africa. It examines the current state of research on occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, identifying key challenges and knowledge gaps. METHODS This systematic review examined publications (published between 01 January 2012 and 31 May 2023) that highlight occupational carcinogens and HBP cancers in Africa. The search was conducted on electronic databases namely PubMed, Web of Science, and Africa Wide Information. RESULT Due to the lack of information on the association between occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, as a result of the paucity of published studies, only four articles were included in this study. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the predominant cancer associated with the occupational carcinogen, aflatoxin. Agricultural workers, especially those involved in the production and processing of maize and peanuts, appear to be the most exposed to aflatoxin. CONCLUSION Despite the sample size limitations due to the paucity of research studies on occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, this study provides a reasonable tool for subsequent epidemiological studies. There is a need for more research on the association of occupational carcinogens and HPB cancers in Africa, especially with the growing industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna Elebo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mafuno Grace Mpinganjira
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Pavan Baichan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - John Devar
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Hepatopancreatobiliary unit, Department of Surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jones Omoshoro-Jones
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Hepatopancreatobiliary unit, Department of Surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Joel Msafiri Francis
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Martin Smith
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Hepatopancreatobiliary unit, Department of Surgery, Chris Hani-Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ekene Emmanuel Nweke
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. Johannesburg 2193, Gauteng, South Africa; Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort, South Africa.
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Falkenhagen A, Panajotov J, Johne R. Colon-derived Caco-2 cells support replication of hepatitis E virus genotype 1 strain Sar55 generated by reverse genetics. Virus Res 2024; 347:199427. [PMID: 38917940 PMCID: PMC11261143 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is infecting over 20 million people annually with a high morbidity especially in pregnant women and immune-suppressed individuals. While HEV genotype 1 (HEV-1) infects only humans, genotype 3 (HEV-3) is zoonotic and commonly transmitted from infected animals to humans. Whereas a few reverse genetics systems enabling targeted genome manipulations exist for HEV-3, those for HEV-1 are still very limited, mainly because of inefficient cell culture replication. Here, the generation of HEV-1 strain Sar55 and HEV-3 strain 47832mc by transfecting in vitro-transcribed and capped virus genomes into different cell lines was attempted. Culture supernatants of colon-derived colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 contained HEV-1 and HEV-3 capable of infecting Caco-2 cells. Density gradient centrifugation analyses of culture supernatants confirmed that HEV-1 particles were quasi-enveloped in analogy to HEV-3 and that non-virion-associated capsid protein was secreted from cells. Following transfection or infection of Caco-2 cells, HEV-1 consistently reached higher titers than HEV-3 in culture supernatants, but HEV-1 generated by transfection of Caco-2 cells was unable to efficiently infect hepatoma cell lines PLC/PRF/5 or HuH7-Lunet BLR. Taken together, our results indicate that HEV-1 is able to exert a complete replication cycle in Caco-2 cells. An efficient cell culture system for this genotype will be useful for studying species tropism, but further research is required to determine the significance of HEV-1 replication in colon-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Falkenhagen
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jessica Panajotov
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Reimar Johne
- Department of Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
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Looschen K, Khatri SN, Maulik M, Salisbury C, Carman AF, Corriveau K, Smith C, Manetti D, Romanelli MN, Arias HR, Gipson CD, Mitra S. Novel psychoplastogen DM506 reduces cue-induced heroin-seeking and inhibits tonic GABA currents in the Prelimbic Cortex. Neurochem Int 2024; 178:105785. [PMID: 38838988 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a major public health crisis that is manifested by persistent drug-seeking behavior and high relapse frequency. Most of the available treatments rely on targeting opioid receptors using small molecules that do not provide sustained symptom alleviation. Psychoplastogens are a novel class of non-opioid drugs that produce rapid and sustained effects on neuronal plasticity, intended to produce therapeutic benefits. Ibogalogs are synthetic derivatives of iboga alkaloids that lack hallucinogenic or adverse side effects. In the current study, we examine the therapeutic potential of DM506, a novel ibogalog lacking any cardiotoxic or hallucinogenic effects, in cue-induced seeking behavior following heroin self-administration. At a single systemic dose of 40 mg/kg, DM506 significantly decreased cue-induced seeking in both male and female rats at abstinence day 1 (AD1) following heroin self-administration. Upon re-testing for cue-induced seeking at AD14, we found that males receiving DM506 continued to show decreased cue-induced seeking, an effect not observed in females. Since there is evidence of psychedelics influencing tonic GABA currents, and opioid and psychoplastogen-mediated neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (PrL) underlying its functional effects, we performed patch-clamp recordings on PrL slices of drug-naïve rats with an acute application or chronic incubation with DM506. Tonic GABA current was decreased in slices incubated with DM506 for 2 h. qPCR analysis did not reveal any differences in the mRNA levels of GABAA receptor α and δ subunits at AD14 in heroin and saline self-administered animals that received vehicle or DM506 at AD1. Overall, our data indicate that DM506 attenuates cue-induced heroin seeking and inhibits tonic GABA current in the prelimbic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra Looschen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Shailesh Narayan Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Malabika Maulik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Colin Salisbury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Alaina F Carman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Katilyn Corriveau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Colton Smith
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Dina Manetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Hugo R Arias
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tahlequah, USA
| | - Cassandra D Gipson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, USA.
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191
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Yang S, Raza F, Li K, Qiu Y, Su J, Qiu M. Maximizing arsenic trioxide's anticancer potential: Targeted nanocarriers for solid tumor therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 241:114014. [PMID: 38850742 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has gained significant attention due to its promising therapeutic effects in treating different diseases, particularly acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Its potent anticancer mechanisms have been extensively studied. Despite the great efficacy ATO shows in fighting cancers, drawbacks in the clinical use are obvious, especially for solid tumors, which include rapid renal clearance and short half-life, severe adverse effects, and high toxicity to normal cells. Recently, the emergence of nanomedicine offers a potential solution to these limitations. The enhanced biocompatibility, excellent targeting capability, and desirable effectiveness have attracted much interest. Therefore, we summarized various nanocarriers for targeted delivery of ATO to solid tumors. We also provided detailed anticancer mechanisms of ATO in treating cancers, its clinical trials and shortcomings as well as the combination therapy of ATO and other chemotherapeutic agents for reduced drug resistance and synergistic effects. Finally, the future study direction and prospects were also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kunwei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yujiao Qiu
- The Wharton School and School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Jing Su
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Mingfeng Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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192
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Khanal P, Patil VS, Bhattacharya K, Patil BM. Multifaceted targets of cannabidiol in epilepsy: Modulating glutamate signaling and beyond. Comput Biol Med 2024; 179:108898. [PMID: 39047503 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Cannabidiol has been reported to interact with broad-spectrum biological targets with pleiotropic pharmacology including epilepsy although a cohesive mechanism is yet to be determined. Even though some studies propose that cannabidiol may manipulate glutamatergic signals, there is insufficient evidence to support cannabidiol direct effect on glutamate signaling, which is important in intervening epilepsy. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the epilepsy-related targets for cannabidiol, assess the differentially expressed genes with its treatment, and identify the possible glutamatergic signaling target. In this study, the epileptic protein targets of cannabidiol were identified using the Tanimoto coefficient and similarity index-based targets fishing which were later overlapped with the altered expression, epileptic biomarkers, and genetically altered proteins in epilepsy. The common proteins were then screened for possible glutamatergic signaling targets with differentially expressed genes. Later, molecular docking and simulation were performed using AutoDock Vina and GROMACS to evaluate binding affinity, ligand-protein stability, hydrophilic interaction, protein compactness, etc. Cannabidiol identified 30 different epilepsy-related targets of multiple protein classes including G-protein coupled receptors, enzymes, ion channels, etc. Glutamate receptor 2 was identified to be genetically varied in epilepsy which was targeted by cannabidiol and its expression was increased with its treatment. More importantly, cannabidiol showed a direct binding affinity with Glutamate receptor 2 forming a stable hydrophilic interaction and comparatively lower root mean squared deviation and residual fluctuations, increasing protein compactness with broad conformational changes. Based on the cheminformatic target fishing, evaluation of differentially expressed genes, molecular docking, and simulations, it can be hypothesized that cannabidiol may possess glutamate receptor 2-mediated anti-epileptic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pukar Khanal
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010, India; Silicon Script Sciences Private Limited, Bharatpur, Ghorahi, Dang, Nepal.
| | - Vishal S Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010, India
| | | | - B M Patil
- KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER), Belagavi, 590010, India; PRES's Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy Pravaranagar, Loni, Maharashtra, India
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193
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Thangavelu L, Moglad E, Afzal M, Almalki WH, Malathi H, Bansal P, Rani B, Walia C, Sivaprasad GV, Rajput P, Imran M. Non-coding RNAs in Parkinson's disease: Regulating SNCA and alpha-synuclein aggregation. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 261:155511. [PMID: 39094523 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the vital neurodegenerative ailments attributed to a rise in Alpha-synuclein proteins leading to the advancement of motor and cognitive deterioration. Interestingly, in PD lncRNAs, miRNAs and siRNAs are also key regulators of SNCA and alpha-synuclein aggregation. This review will focus on the roles of these three types of small RNAs in trebling the development of PD through regulating SNCA expression or alpha-synuclein protein mediating the RNA from acting. Parkinson's disease is defined by the build-up of alpha-synuclein protein resulting predominantly from the elevated expression level of the SNCA gene. Non-coding RNAs have gained broad appeal as fundamental modulators of gene expression and protein aggregation dynamics, with significant implications on the aetiology of PD. LncRNAs modulate SNCA transcription and edit epigenetic modifications, while miRNA target mRNA is involved in the stability and translation of count alpha-synuclein. Considering all these data, siRNAs can achieve the precise gene silencing effect that directly induces the downregulation of SNCA mRNA. This review also summarizes some recent reports about the interaction between these ncRNAs with the SNCA gene and alpha-synuclein protein, each through its independent in addition to synergistic mechanisms. This review highlights the possibility of therapeutic interventions to perturb SNCA expression to prevent alpha-synuclein aggregation via targeting ncRNAs that might be spun off novel drug development for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Malathi
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Bindu Rani
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Chakshu Walia
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - G V Sivaprasad
- Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Raghu Engineering College, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Pranchal Rajput
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation, Uttaranchal University, India
| | - Mohd Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia; Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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194
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Reznicek J, Sharifai N, Jamshidi P, Wadhwani N, Ahrendsen JT. Embryonal and pineal tumours. Cytopathology 2024; 35:561-571. [PMID: 38100134 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Embryonal and pineal tumours represent a diverse group of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms. While many of the small round blue cell tumours that make up the embryonal neoplasms share similar histologic qualities, there are several morphologic and cytologic characteristics that are useful in distinguishing different tumour types. Similarly, pineal parenchymal tumours represent clinically diverse tumours, ranging from benign to overtly malignant. The most recent iteration of the World Health Organization Classification of CNS Tumours expanded greatly on the significance of molecular alterations in brain tumour diagnostics. In this article, we summarize the salient cytologic and histologic features of CNS embryonal and pineal tumours, and highlight diagnostically relevant molecular alterations within each tumour type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Reznicek
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nima Sharifai
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pouya Jamshidi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitin Wadhwani
- Department of Pathology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jared T Ahrendsen
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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195
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Kaşlı K, Doğan M, Özal C, Doğan Y, Kılınç M, Aksu Yıldırım S. The effects of myofascial release in combined with task-oriented circuit training on balance in people with Parkinson's disease: a randomized pilot trial. Neurol Res 2024; 46:848-858. [PMID: 38818769 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2024.2360860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Task-oriented circuit training (TOCT) has been used to improve balance in people with Parkinson's disease (pwPD). To investigate the effectiveness of TOCT on balance, quality of life, and disease symptoms when combined with myofascial release in pwPD. METHODS Twenty-six pwPD were randomized into two groups for this randomized controlled study. The groups received TOCT three days a week for eight weeks. At the end of each session, the myofascial release was applied to the neck, trunk, and lumbar region with three sets of 60-s foam rolling body weight (Intervention group-IG) and perceived discomfort level 0/10 (Control group-CG) using a numeric rating scale. Primary outcome measures were measured by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8), and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS). Secondary outcome measures included posturographic assessment, timed-up and go test (TUG), Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), and rolling time. RESULTS Data obtained from 26 pwPDs in equal numbers in both groups were analyzed. All groups reported a significant change in MDS-UPDRS, MDS-UPDRS-III, PDQ-8, TIS, and rolling time after treatment compared to pretreatment. Post-hoc analyses showed that IG significantly improved motor symptoms, TUG, and TIS dynamics compared to CG. The mediolateral limits of stability and anterioposterior limits of stability distances of IG increased (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION Myofascial release, when combined with TOCT, may help to reduce disease-related motor symptoms and improve dynamic balance in pwPD. These findings suggest that myofascial release can be a beneficial addition to TOCT programs for pwPD.Clinical Trial Number: NCT05900934 (ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutay Kaşlı
- Department of Health Care Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
- Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mert Doğan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cemil Özal
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yahya Doğan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Kılınç
- Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Aksu Yıldırım
- Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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196
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Sampson HA. The riddle of response to cutaneous allergen exposure in patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2024; 133:244-251. [PMID: 38740132 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The skin is the largest immunologic organ in the body and contains immune cells that play a role in both food allergen sensitization and desensitization. The dual allergen exposure hypothesis posits that sensitization to food allergens may occur with cutaneous exposure on inflamed skin, eg, atopic dermatitis, but early oral consumption generally leads to tolerance. However, only one-third of children with atopic dermatitis develop a food allergy, suggesting that there is a more complex mechanism for allergen sensitization. Emerging evidence suggests that the outcome of cutaneous allergen exposure is context-dependent and largely influenced by the state of the skin barrier with healthy skin promoting natural tolerance. Current research supports the ability to induce desensitization through repeated application of allergens to the skin, known as epicutaneous immunotherapy. Preclinical research with an occlusive patch has demonstrated a significantly reduced T-helper cell type 2-driven immunologic response when applied to intact, uninflamed skin and induction of a unique population of regulatory T cells that express a broader range of homing receptors, which may be able to maintain sustained protection. In clinical studies of children aged 1 through 11 years with a peanut allergy, epicutaneous immunotherapy with an occlusive patch led to significant desensitization with no major differences in efficacy or safety between children with and without atopic dermatitis. These data begin to answer the conundrum of how allergens that are applied to the skin can lead to both sensitization and desensitization, and future studies should enable us to optimize the power of the skin as a complex immunologic organ to treat allergic, autoimmune, and autoinflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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197
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Dong W, Lu J, Li Y, Zeng J, Du X, Yu A, Zhao X, Chi F, Xi Z, Cao S. SIRT1: a novel regulator in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117176. [PMID: 39059350 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The class-III histone deacetylase SIRT1 is the most extensively investigated sirtuin deacetylase. It is resistant to the broad deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A and depends on oxidized nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+). SIRT1 plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis of numerous types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Accumulating evidence indicates that SIRT1 is a therapeutic target for CRC; however, the function and underlying mechanism of SIRT1 in CRC still need to be elucidated. Herein, we provide a detailed and updated review to illustrate that SIRT1 regulates many processes that go awry in CRC cells, such as apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, oxidative stress, resistance to chemo-radio therapy, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, we closely link our review to the clinical practice of CRC treatment, summarizing the mechanisms and prospects of SIRT1 inhibitors in CRC therapy. SIRT1 inhibitors as monotherapy in CRC or in combination with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immune therapies are comprehensively discussed. From epigenetic regulation to its potential therapeutic effect, we hope to offer novel insights and a comprehensive understanding of SIRT1's role in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Jinjing Lu
- Department of Health Management, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - You Li
- Nursing Department, Liaoning Jinqiu Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110016, China
| | - Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xiaoyun Du
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Ao Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Xuechan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China
| | - Feng Chi
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
| | - Shuo Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China.
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198
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Ward BA, Kowalsky MS. Treatment of race and ethnicity in shoulder and elbow research: An analysis of the most cited papers on rotator cuff repair. J Orthop 2024; 55:86-90. [PMID: 38665989 PMCID: PMC11039319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the current approach to the inclusion of race and ethnicity among frequently referenced shoulder surgery literature and discussed guidance for best practices for the inclusion of race and ethnicity in shoulder research. Methods The shoulder literature were systematically reviewed for the most frequently cited studies discussing rotator cuff repair, total shoulder arthroplasty, and Bankart repair. All reviewed studies met the timeline criteria (2013-2022). Only studies with clinical outcomes were included. Review articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, basic science studies, or any manuscript that did not represent clinical outcomes research were excluded. Author, year issued, the journal in which the paper was published, study design, the number of subjects, duration of follow-up, independent variables, dependent variables, results, and conclusions were extracted from the articles that met the inclusion criteria. Whether race and/or ethnicity were included in the study design in any way was also recorded. For those studies in which race and ethnicity were included, a detailed analysis of the paper's treatment of race using the JAMA Updated Guidance on Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Medical and Science Journals was performed and recorded. Results In the "rotator cuff repair" cohort of papers, there were 2 articles that mention race. Out of the 2 articles that mentioned race, neither included race appropriately using the JAMA Updated Guidance on Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in Medical and Science Journals. In the "Bankart repair" cohort of papers, each article lacked the mention of race among their patient population. The "total shoulder arthroplasty" manuscripts also did not include treatment of race and ethnicity in any way. Discussion Race and ethnicity and other social determinants of health can be used to understand the source of healthcare disparities. Unless a thoughtful and deliberate consideration of race and ethnicity is undertaken, their inclusion in clinical research can be a double-edged sword due to the potential race and ethnicity-centered treatment involvement can be rooted in fallacies. In shoulder surgery clinical research, race and ethnicity should be considered in concert with social factors that could exacerbate poor patient outcomes in our patient population. Level of evidence Level V.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc S. Kowalsky
- ONS Foundation for Clinical Research & Education, Orthopedic & Neurosurgery Specialists, 40 Valley Drive 6, Greenwich Office Park, Greenwich, CT, 06831, USA
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199
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Fluca AL, Pani B, Janjusevic M, Zwas DR, Abraham Y, Calligaris M, Beltrami AP, Campos Corgosinho F, Marketou M, D'Errico S, Sinagra G, Aleksova A. Unraveling the relationship among insulin resistance, IGF-1, and amyloid-beta 1-40: Is the definition of type 3 diabetes applicable in the cardiovascular field? Life Sci 2024; 352:122911. [PMID: 39002609 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The concept of "type 3 diabetes" has emerged to define alterations in glucose metabolism that predispose individuals to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Novel evidence suggests that changes in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)/growth hormone (GH) axis, which are characteristic of Diabetes Mellitus, are one of the major factors contributing to excessive amyloid-beta (Aβ) production and neurodegenerative processes in AD. Moreover, molecular findings suggest that insulin resistance and dysregulated IGF-1 signaling promote atherosclerosis via endothelial dysfunction and a pro-inflammatory state. As the pathophysiological role of Aβ1-40 in patients with cardiovascular disease has attracted attention due to its involvement in plaque formation and destabilization, it is of great interest to explore whether a paradigm similar to that in AD exists in the cardiovascular field. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the intricate interplay between insulin resistance, IGF-1, and Aβ1-40 in the cardiovascular system and assess the applicability of the type 3 diabetes concept. Understanding these relationships may offer novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risk in patients with insulin resistance and dysregulated IGF-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Beatrice Pani
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milijana Janjusevic
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Donna R Zwas
- Linda Joy Pollin Cardiovascular Wellness Center for Women, Heart Institute, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yosefa Abraham
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Public Health Medical Faculty Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Matteo Calligaris
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Department of Medicine (DMED), Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, Istituto di Patologia Clinica, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Maria Marketou
- Heraklion University General Hospital, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Cardiology Department, Crete, Greece
| | - Stefano D'Errico
- Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Trieste, Italy; Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
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200
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Allkja J, Roudbary M, Alves AMV, Černáková L, Rodrigues CF. Biomaterials with antifungal strategies to fight oral infections. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:1151-1163. [PMID: 37587010 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2236784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Oral fungal infections pose a threat to human health and increase the economic burden of oral diseases by prolonging and complicating treatment. A cost-effective strategy is to try to prevent these infections from happening in the first place. With this purpose, biomaterials with antifungal properties are a crucial element to overcome fungal infections in the oral cavity. In this review, we go through different kinds of biomaterials and coatings that can be used to functionalize them. We also review their potential as a therapeutic approach in addition to prophylaxis, by going through traditional and alternative antifungal compounds, e.g., essential oils, that could be incorporated in them, to enhance their efficacy against fungal pathogens. We aim to highlight the potential of these technologies and propose questions that need to be addressed in prospective research. Finally, we intend to concatenate the key aspects and technologies on the use of biomaterials in oral health, to create an easy to find summary of the current state-of-the-art for researchers in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jontana Allkja
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maryam Roudbary
- Sydney Infectious Disease Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anelise Maria Vasconcelos Alves
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Brazil
| | - Lucia Černáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Célia Fortuna Rodrigues
- Faculty of Engineering, LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 1H-TOXRUN - One Health Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário - CESPU, Gandra PRD, Portugal
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