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Abstract
The gut microbiome produces chemically diverse small molecules to interact with the host, conveying signals from the gut to the whole system. The microbial metabolites feature several unique modes of interaction with host targets, which fits well into the balanced and networked fashion of biological regulation. Hence, fully unveiling the targetome of signaling microbial metabolites may offer new insights into host health and disease, expand the repertoire of druggable targets, and enlighten a bioinspired path to drug design and discovery. In this review, we present an updated understanding of how microbial metabolite interaction with host targets finely orchestrates and integrates multiple signals to pathophysiological phenotypes, contributing new insights into organ crosstalk and holistic homeostasis maintenance in biological systems. We discuss strategies and open questions for mining and biomimicking the microbial metabolite-targetome interactions for pharmacological manipulation, which may lead to a new paradigm of drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoying Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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202
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Yao YF, Wang MY, Dou XY. Gastrointestinal microbiome and primary Sjögren's syndrome: a review of the literature and conclusions. Int J Ophthalmol 2022; 15:1864-1872. [PMID: 36404958 PMCID: PMC9631199 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2022.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition of the profound impact of the human gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) on human autoimmune diseases has gradually increased thanks to deeper research efforts. As a systemic autoimmune disease, primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) cannot be completely cured. Human studies have revealed that GM species and diversity are altered in patients with pSS compared with healthy individuals. Animal studies have provided possible mechanisms for the association between pSS and GM. The potential role of GM in pSS is exerted through several mechanisms. GM dysbiosis leads to increased intestinal permeability, which increases the risk of GM antigen exposure and activates specific autoreactive T lymphocytes via "molecular mimicry". In addition, GM antigen exposure and intestinal immune tolerance loss caused by GM dysbiosis together induce chronic local gut mucosal inflammation, which deteriorates to systemic chronic non-specific inflammation with the circulation of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes and cytokines. These factors eventually activate autoreactive B lymphocytes and lead to pSS. If GM plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pSS, clarifying the underlying mechanisms will be helpful for the development of new therapies targeting GM for dry eye associated with pSS. This review summarizes the latest knowledge about the relationship between GM and pSS, with the aim of contributing to future research and to the development of new clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mei-Ying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
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203
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SantaCruz-Calvo S, Bharath L, Pugh G, SantaCruz-Calvo L, Lenin RR, Lutshumba J, Liu R, Bachstetter AD, Zhu B, Nikolajczyk BS. Adaptive immune cells shape obesity-associated type 2 diabetes mellitus and less prominent comorbidities. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:23-42. [PMID: 34703027 PMCID: PMC11005058 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-021-00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are increasing in prevalence owing to decreases in physical activity levels and a shift to diets that include addictive and/or high-calorie foods. These changes are associated with the adoption of modern lifestyles and the presence of an obesogenic environment, which have resulted in alterations to metabolism, adaptive immunity and endocrine regulation. The size and quality of adipose tissue depots in obesity, including the adipose tissue immune compartment, are critical determinants of overall health. In obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation can occur in adipose tissue that can progress to systemic inflammation; this inflammation contributes to the development of insulin resistance, T2DM and other comorbidities. An improved understanding of adaptive immune cell dysregulation that occurs during obesity and its associated metabolic comorbidities, with an appreciation of sex differences, will be critical for repurposing or developing immunomodulatory therapies to treat obesity and/or T2DM-associated inflammation. This Review critically discusses how activation and metabolic reprogramming of lymphocytes, that is, T cells and B cells, triggers the onset, development and progression of obesity and T2DM. We also consider the role of immunity in under-appreciated comorbidities of obesity and/or T2DM, such as oral cavity inflammation, neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease and gut microbiome dysbiosis. Finally, we discuss previous clinical trials of anti-inflammatory medications in T2DM and consider the path forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| | - Leena Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Gabriella Pugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Lucia SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry and Food Technology, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raji Rajesh Lenin
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jenny Lutshumba
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Beibei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences and the Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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204
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Lock JY, Caboni M, Strandwitz P, Morrissette M, DiBona K, Joughin BA, Lewis K, Carrier RL. An in vitro intestinal model captures immunomodulatory properties of the microbiota in inflammation. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2039002. [PMID: 35316142 PMCID: PMC8942420 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2039002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Considerable effort has been put forth to understand mechanisms by which the microbiota modulates and responds to inflammation. Here, we explored whether oxidation metabolites produced by the host during inflammation, sodium nitrate and trimethylamine oxide, impact the composition of a human stool bacterial population in a gut simulator. We then assessed whether an immune-competent in vitro intestinal model responded differently to spent medium from bacteria exposed to these cues compared to spent medium from a control bacterial population. The host-derived oxidation products were found to decrease levels of Bacteroidaceae and overall microbiota metabolic potential, while increasing levels of proinflammatory Enterobacteriaceae and lipopolysaccharide in bacterial cultures, reflecting shifts that occur in vivo in inflammation. Spent microbiota media induced elevated intracellular mucin levels and reduced intestinal monolayer integrity as reflected in transepithelial electrical resistance relative to fresh medium controls. However, multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed markedly different cytokine signatures from intestinal cultures exposed to spent medium with added oxidation products relative to spent control medium, while cytokine signatures of cultures exposed to fresh media were similar regardless of addition of host-derived cues. Further, the presence of immune cells in the intestinal model was required for this differentiation of cytokine signatures. This study indicates that simple in vitro immune-competent intestinal models can capture bacterial-mammalian cross-talk in response to host-derived oxidation products and supports utility of these systems for mechanistic studies of interactions between the gut microbiome and host in inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Y. Lock
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariaelena Caboni
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip Strandwitz
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine Morrissette
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin DiBona
- Department of Biochemistry, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brian A. Joughin
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Mit and the Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massacusetts, USA
| | - Kim Lewis
- Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Carrier
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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205
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Zhang C, Yao D, Su Z, Chen H, Hao P, Liao Y, Guo Y, Yang D. Copper/Zinc-Modified Palygorskite Protects Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection and Modulates the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:739348. [PMID: 34956111 PMCID: PMC8696032 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.739348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Palygorskite (Pal), a clay nanoparticle, has been demonstrated to be a vehicle for drug delivery. Copper has antibacterial properties, and zinc is an essential micronutrient for intestinal health in animals and humans. However, whether copper/zinc-modified Pal (Cu/Zn-Pal) can protect chickens from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection remains unclear. In this study, three complexes (Cu/Zn-Pal-1, Cu/Zn-Pal-2, and Cu/Zn-Pal-3) were prepared, and Cu/Zn-Pal-1 was shown to be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of S. Typhimurium in vitro, whereas natural Pal alone had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 reduced S. Typhimurium colonization in the intestine of infected chickens and relieved S. Typhimurium-induced organ and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Moreover, this reduction in Salmonella load attenuated intestinal inflammation and the oxidative stress response in challenged chickens. Additionally, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 modulated the intestinal microbiota in infected chickens, which was characterized by the reduced abundance of Firmicutes and the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Our results indicated that the Cu/Zn-Pal-1 complex may be an effective feed supplement for reducing S. Typhimurium colonization of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaozheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zenan Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pan Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Deji Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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206
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Li B, Zhang J, Chen Y, Wang Q, Yan L, Wang R, Wei Y, You Z, Li Y, Miao Q, Xiao X, Lian M, Chen W, Qiu D, Fang J, Gershwin ME, Tang R, Ma X. Alterations in microbiota and their metabolites are associated with beneficial effects of bile acid sequestrant on icteric primary biliary Cholangitis. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1946366. [PMID: 34437819 PMCID: PMC8405155 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1946366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing data suggests an interaction between bile acids and intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Bile acid sequestrants are widely used to bind bile acids in the intestinal lumen and are therefore posited to impact gut bacteria. Herein we aimed to investigate the effects of cholestyramine on the bile acid profile and gut microbiome in a cohort of icteric PBC patients.Results: Thirty-three PBC patients were treated with cholestyramine, serum and stool samples were collected at baseline, 4 and 16 weeks. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolomic profiling were performed. Following cholestyramine administration, patients exhibited a high interpersonal variability in remission of cholestasis, and were therefore dichotomized according to the decrease of total bilirubin. Gut microbial co-abundance networks showed distinct taxa interactions between subjects with superior remission (SR) and those with inferior remission (IR) at baseline. After treatment, compositional shifts of the microbiome in the SR group were characterized with enrichment of two Lachnospiraceae species, typically producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In contrast, Klebsiella pneumonia, a commensal pathobiont, was only increased in the IR group. Correspondingly, metabolome analysis demonstrated that patients with SR, but not IR, were marked by elevations of SCFAs including valeric acid and caproic acid. Finally, integrative analysis identified robust associations between the variations of microbiota, metabolites, and inflammatory cytokines in SR group, indicating potential mechanistic links.Conclusions: Beneficial responses caused by cholestyramine were closely related with compositional and functional alterations in gut commensal, highlighting the possibility of exploring bile acid-microbiota interactions for treating PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixia Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Wei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikang Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Dekai Qiu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA,M. Eric Gershwin Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruqi Tang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China,Ruqi Tang Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 145 Middle Shandong roadShanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease;145 Middle Shandong Road, Shanghai, China,CONTACT Xiong Ma
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207
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Wang B, Qiu J, Lian J, Yang X, Zhou J. Gut Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Atherosclerosis: From Mechanism to Therapy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:723886. [PMID: 34888358 PMCID: PMC8650703 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.723886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is associated with various pathological manifestations, such as ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and peripheral arterial disease, and remains a leading cause of public health concern. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by endothelial dysfunction; vascular inflammation; and the deposition of lipids, cholesterol, calcium, and cellular debris within the vessel wall intima. In-depth studies of gut flora in recent years have shown that bacterial translocation and the existence of bacterial active products in blood circulation can affect the inflammatory state of the whole blood vessel. The gut flora is considered to be a large “secretory organ,” which produces trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids by breaking down the ingested food. Studies have shown that TMAO is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of malignant adverse cardiovascular events, but whether it is harmful or beneficial to patients with cardiovascular diseases with mild or no clinical manifestations remains controversial. We review the relationship between TMAO and its precursor (L-carnitine) and coronary atherosclerosis and summarize the potential molecular mechanism and therapeutic measures of TMAO on coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- BingYu Wang
- Department of Cardiology Vascular Internal Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Department of Cardiology Vascular Internal Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - JiangFang Lian
- Department of Cardiology Vascular Internal Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
| | - JianQing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Vascular Internal Medicine, Ningbo Medical Center LiHuiLi Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Central Laboratory, Ningbo Institute of Innovation for Combined Medicine and Engineering, Ningbo, China
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208
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Zhu T, Xue Q, Liu Y, Xu Y, Xiong C, Lu J, Yang H, Zhang Q, Huang Y. Analysis of Intestinal Microflora and Metabolites From Mice With DSS-Induced IBD Treated With Schistosoma Soluble Egg Antigen. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:777218. [PMID: 34858992 PMCID: PMC8630629 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.777218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the changes in intestinal flora and metabolites in the intestinal contents of mice with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to preliminarily clarify the mechanism of action of Schistosoma soluble egg antigen (SEA) on IBD, thus, laying a research foundation for the subsequent treatment of IBD. Methods: A total of 40 Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were divided into four groups: control, SEA 50 μg, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), and SEA 50 μg + DSS. The overall state of the animals was observed continuously during modeling. The colonic length was measured after 10 days of modeling. The degree of colonic inflammation was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. 16srRNA and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry sequencing techniques were used to determine the abundance of bacteria and metabolites in the intestinal contents of mice in the DSS and SEA 50 μg + DSS groups, and the differences were further analyzed. Results: After SEA intervention, the disease activity index score of mice with IBD decreased and the colon shortening was reduced. Microscopically, the lymphocyte aggregation, glandular atrophy, goblet cell disappearance, and colonic inflammation were less in the SEA 50 μg + DSS group than in the DSS group (p < 0.0001). After SEA intervention, the abundance of beneficial bacteria prevotellaceae_UCG-001 was upregulated, while the abundance of the harmful bacteria Helicobacter, Lachnoclostridium, and Enterococcus was downregulated in the intestinal tract of mice with IBD. The intestinal metabolite analysis showed that SEA intervention decreased the intestinal contents of glycerophospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, phatidylcholine, and phatidylethanolamine) and carboxylic acids (L-alloisoleucine and L-glutamate), whereas increased bile acids and their derivatives (3B,7A,12a-trihydroxy-5A-cholanoic acid and 3A,4B, 12a-trihydroxy-5b-cholanoic acid). Combined microbiota-metabolite analysis revealed a correlation between these differential microbiota and differential metabolites. At the same time, the changes in the contents of metabolites and differential metabolites in the two groups also correlated with the abundance of the gut microbiome. Conclusions: The study showed that SEA reduced DSS-induced inflammation in IBD and improved the symptoms of IBD in mice through the combined regulation of intestinal flora and intestinal metabolism. It suggested a potential possibility for the use of SEA in treating and regulating intestinal flora and metabolism in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingkai Xue
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongliang Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunrong Xiong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Lu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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209
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Ren S, Zhou Y, Xuan R. Research progress in the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1361-1366. [PMID: 34845962 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.2011211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease that occurs during pregnancy. While ICP has a minimal impact on the mother, it primarily affects the pregnancy outcome of fetus, resulting in spontaneous miscarriage and even the intrauterine death of fetus. AREAS COVERED This review covers current progress in the role of gut microbiota and bile acids in ICP. EXPERT OPINION The causes and pathogenesis of ICP are currently unclear, and the serum bile acid level is the main clinical evidence for ICP diagnosis. The gastrointestinal tract is home to a tremendous number and type of microbes, which play critical roles in the synthesis and metabolism of bile acids. Studies in recent years have shown that the changes in gut microbiota and bile acid metabolic profiles are closely associated with ICP. This review discusses some of the future prospects in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rongrong Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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210
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Lapidot Y, Reshef L, Cohen D, Muhsen K. Helicobacter pylori and the intestinal microbiome among healthy school-age children. Helicobacter 2021; 26:e12854. [PMID: 34617641 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is acquired during childhood and causes chronic gastritis that remains asymptomatic in most infected people. H. pylori alters the gastric microbiota and causes peptic ulcer disease. Evidence on the relationship between asymptomatic H. pylori infection and children's gut microbiota remains elusive. AIM We characterized the relationship between H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiome of healthy children, adjusting for known inter-personal and environmental exposures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included stool samples obtained from 163 Israeli Arab children aged 6-9 years from different socioeconomic strata. Sociodemographic information was collected through maternal interviews. H. pylori infection was determined using monoclonal antigen detection stool enzyme immunoassay. The gut microbiome was characterized by implementing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region and a multivariate downstream analysis. RESULTS Overall, 57% of the participants were positive for H. pylori infection and it was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status. There was no significant association between H. pylori infection and bacterial richness of fecal microbiome. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with intestinal bacterial composition, including a strong association with Prevotella copri and Eubacterium biforme. Moreover, socioeconomic status was strongly associated with bacterial composition. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection in healthy children was significantly associated with altered intestinal microbiome structure. Socioeconomic determinants exhibit a strong effect, related to both H. pylori infection and intestinal diversity and composition in childhood. These findings are clinically important to the understanding of the role of H. pylori infection and other intestinal microbes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena Lapidot
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Leah Reshef
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dani Cohen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Khitam Muhsen
- The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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211
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Wolter M, Grant ET, Boudaud M, Steimle A, Pereira GV, Martens EC, Desai MS. Leveraging diet to engineer the gut microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:885-902. [PMID: 34580480 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis, have distinct clinical presentations but share underlying patterns of gut microbiome perturbation and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Their potentially common microbial drivers advocate for treatment strategies aimed at restoring appropriate microbiome function, but individual variation in host factors makes a uniform approach unlikely. In this Perspective, we consolidate knowledge on diet-microbiome interactions in local inflammation, gut microbiota imbalance and host immune dysregulation. By understanding and incorporating the effects of individual dietary components on microbial metabolic output and host physiology, we examine the potential for diet-based therapies for autoimmune disease prevention and treatment. We also discuss tools targeting the gut microbiome, such as faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics and orthogonal niche engineering, which could be optimized using custom dietary interventions. These approaches highlight paths towards leveraging diet for precise engineering of the gut microbiome at a time of increasing autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathis Wolter
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Erica T Grant
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Boudaud
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Alex Steimle
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | | | - Eric C Martens
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mahesh S Desai
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg. .,Odense Research Center for Anaphylaxis, Department of Dermatology and Allergy Center, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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212
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Sides R, Griess-Fishheimer S, Zaretsky J, Shitrit A, Kalev-Altman R, Rozner R, Beresh O, Dumont M, Penn S, Shahar R, Monsonego-Ornan E. The Use of Mushrooms and Spirulina Algae as Supplements to Prevent Growth Inhibition in a Pre-Clinical Model for an Unbalanced Diet. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124316. [PMID: 34959867 PMCID: PMC8705242 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today’s eating patterns are characterized by the consumption of unbalanced diets (UBDs) resulting in a variety of health consequences on the one hand, and the consumption of dietary supplements in order to achieve overall health and wellness on the other. Balanced nutrition is especially crucial during childhood and adolescence as these time periods are characterized by rapid growth and development of the skeleton. We show the harmful effect of UBD on longitudinal bone growth, trabecular and cortical bone micro-architecture and bone mineral density; which were analyzed by micro-CT scanning. Three point bending tests demonstrate the negative effect of the diet on the mechanical properties of the bone material as well. Addition of Spirulina algae or Pleurotus eryngii or Agaricus bisporus mushrooms, to the UBD, was able to improve growth and impaired properties of the bone. 16SrRNA Sequencing identified dysbiosis in the UBD rats’ microbiota, with high levels of pro-inflammatory associated bacteria and low levels of bacteria associated with fermentation processes and bone related mechanisms. These results provide insight into the connection between diet, the skeletal system and the gut microbiota, and reveal the positive impact of three chosen dietary supplements on bone development and quality presumably through the microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Sides
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Shelley Griess-Fishheimer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Janna Zaretsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Astar Shitrit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Rotem Kalev-Altman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
- Koret School of Veterinary, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Reut Rozner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Olga Beresh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Maïtena Dumont
- Koret School of Veterinary, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Svetlana Penn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Ron Shahar
- Koret School of Veterinary, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (M.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; (R.S.); (S.G.-F.); (J.Z.); (A.S.); (R.K.-A.); (R.R.); (O.B.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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213
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Masetti R, Muratore E, Leardini D, Zama D, Turroni S, Brigidi P, Esposito S, Pession A. Gut microbiome in pediatric acute leukemia: from predisposition to cure. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4619-4629. [PMID: 34610115 PMCID: PMC8759140 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has emerged as a key factor in the genesis and progression of many diseases. The intestinal bacterial composition also influences treatment-related side effects and even the efficacy of oncological therapies. Acute leukemia (AL) is the most common cancer among children and the most frequent cause of cancer-related death during childhood. Outcomes have improved considerably over the past 4 decades, with the current long-term survival for acute lymphoblastic leukemia being ∼90%. However, several acute toxicities and long-term sequelae are associated with the multimodal therapy protocols applied in these patients. Specific GM configurations could contribute to the multistep developmental hypothesis for leukemogenesis. Moreover, GM alterations occur during the AL therapeutic course and are associated with treatment-related complications, especially during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The GM perturbation could last even after the removal of microbiome-modifying factors, like antibiotics, chemotherapeutic drugs, or alloimmune reactions, contributing to several health-related issues in AL survivors. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the chronological changes of GM in children with AL, from predisposition to cure. The underpinning biological processes and the potential interventions to modulate the GM toward a potentially health-promoting configuration are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Masetti
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Muratore
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Leardini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbial Ecology of Health, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, and
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli,” Pediatric Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Potential Replacements for Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry: Interactions at the Gut Level and Their Impact on Host Immunity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1354:145-159. [PMID: 34807441 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85686-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has a complex, biodiverse microbial community of ~ 9 million bacterial genes plus archaea and fungi that links the host diet to its health. This microbial population contributes to host physiology through metabolite signaling while also providing local and systemic nutrients to multiple organ systems. In a homeostatic state, the host-microbial interaction is symbiotic; however, physiological issues are associated with dysregulated microbiota. Manipulating the microbiota is a therapeutic option, and the concept of adding beneficial bacteria to the intestine has led to probiotic and prebiotic development. The gut microbiome is readily changeable by diet, antibiotics, pathogenic infections, and host- and environmental-dependent events. The intestine performs key roles of nutrient absorption, tolerance of beneficial microbiota, yet responding to undesirable microbes or microbial products and preventing translocation to sterile body compartments. During homeostasis, the immune system is actively preventing or modulating the response to known or innocuous antigens. Manipulating the microbiota through nutrition, modulating host immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, or improving intestinal barrier function has led to novel methods to prevent disease, but also resulted in improved body weight, feed conversion, and carcass yield in poultry. This review highlights the importance of adding different feed additives to the diets of poultry in order to manipulate and enhance health and productivity of flocks.
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215
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Pauer H, Teixeira FL, Robinson AV, Parente TE, De Melo MAF, Lobo LA, Domingues RMCP, Allen-Vercoe E, Ferreira RBR, Antunes LCM. Bioactive small molecules produced by the human gut microbiome modulate Vibrio cholerae sessile and planktonic lifestyles. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1-19. [PMID: 34006192 PMCID: PMC8143261 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1918993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans live in symbiosis with a diverse community of microorganisms, which has evolved to carry out many specific tasks that benefit the host, including protection against invading pathogens. Within the chemical diversity of the gastrointestinal tract, small molecules likely constitute chemical cues for the communication between the microbiota and pathogens. Therefore, we sought to investigate if molecules produced by the human gut microbiota show biological activity against the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. To probe the effects of the gut metabolome on V. cholerae, we investigated its response to small-molecule extracts from human feces, from a complex bacterial community cultivated in vitro, and from culture supernatants of Enterocloster citroniae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and Bacteroides vulgatus. Using RNA sequencing, we determined the impact of the human gut metabolome on V. cholerae global gene expression. Among the genes downregulated in the presence of the fecal extract, the most overrepresented functional category was cell motility, which accounted for 39% of repressed genes. Repression of V. cholerae motility by the fecal extract was confirmed phenotypically, and E. citroniae extracts reproduced this phenotype. A complex in vitro microbial community led to increased motility, as did extracts from B. vulgatus, a species present in this community. Accordingly, mucin penetration was also repressed by fecal and E. citroniae extracts, suggesting that the phenotypes observed may have implications for host colonization. Together with previous studies, this work shows that small molecules from the gut metabolome may have a widespread, significant impact on microbe-microbe interactions established in the gut environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Pauer
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação Em Doenças De Populações Negligenciadas, Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lopes Teixeira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Avery V. Robinson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Thiago E. Parente
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marília A. F. De Melo
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro A. Lobo
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina M. C. P. Domingues
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Rosana B. R. Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Caetano M. Antunes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação Em Doenças De Populações Negligenciadas, Centro De Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Infecção Hospitalar, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,CONTACT Luis Caetano Antunes Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900
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216
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Feng WW, Liu J, Cheng H, Peng C. Integration of Gut Microbiota and Metabolomics for Chinese Medicines Research: Opportunities and Challenges. Chin J Integr Med 2021; 28:1032-1039. [PMID: 34755290 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-3305-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chinese medicines (CM) are gaining more attentions from all over the world. However, there are a large body of questions to be answered because of the chemical complexity of CM and intricate molecular reactions within human body. In recent years, gut microbiota and metabolomics have emerged as two cynosures in deciphering the mechanisms of how our body is functioning. Since gut microbiota and host is a closely interrelated system, paying attention only to gut microbiota or metabolites may omit the interplays among CM, gut microbiota, and hosts. To systemically study these interplays, a network understanding of CM components, gut microbiota, metabolites of gut microbiota, metabolites in human body is necessary. Although there are some obstacles impeding the application of this integrative approach, the potential areas for implementation of the integrative approach is vast. These areas include, but not limited to, elucidating the mechanisms of CM at system level, screening bioactive compounds in CM, and guiding quality control of CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Wen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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217
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Li W, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu X. Differences in the gut microbiota composition of rats fed with soybean protein and their derived peptides. J Food Sci 2021; 86:5452-5465. [PMID: 34730237 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Current studies regarding the effect of different nitrogen sources on gut microbiota have thus far disregarded the ability of probiotics and coliforms to compete for protein. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the utilization of soybean protein (SPro) and its derived peptides (SPep) by the gut microbiota of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The SPro and SPep prepared in this study showed extensive SPro molecular weight distribution, while that of SPep was minimal, ranging between 150 and 1000 Da and primarily consisting of two to five amino acids. The cecum microflora composition of the rats was determined via 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, showing that the SPro and SPep significantly increased the abundance and uniformity of the gut microbiota after 35 days of feeding. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios of the SPep, SPro, and casein groups were 2.49 ± 0.60, 2.98 ± 1.12, and 2.59 ± 0.74, respectively. Although the rats fed with SPro and SPep displayed similar gut microbiome structures, SPep significantly promoted Lactobacillus and Phascolarctobacterium growth. The results showed that SPep significantly increased the diversity of the gut microbiota and elevated the probiotic proportion. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: SPro and SPep are two nutritious and high-quality nitrogen sources. The results showed that SPro and SPep regulated the structure of gut microbiota in rats, and the effect of SPep was better. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing SPep functional foods able to regulate gut microbiota and maintain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - He Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinxiao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, National Soybean Processing Industry Technology Innovation Center, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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218
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Wu F, Lei H, Chen G, Chen C, Song Y, Cao Z, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhou J, Lu Y, Zhang L. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Reveal that Hesperetin-7- O-glucoside, a Naturally Occurring Monoglucoside, Exhibits Strong Anti-inflammatory Capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12753-12762. [PMID: 34693717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (Hes-7-G) is a naturally occurring flavonoid monoglucoside in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and exhibits relatively high biological activities. To explore the anti-inflammatory capacity of dietary Hes-7-G, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice were used here as in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. The results showed that Hes-7-G (5 μM) significantly restored cellular metabolic disorders and inflammation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the in vivo study, dietary Hes-7-G (1 mg/kg body weight) markedly alleviated the inflammatory status in DSS-induced colitis mice, manifested by the recovered colon length from 5.91 ± 0.66 to 6.45 ± 0.17 cm, histopathological changes, and mRNA levels of colonic inflammatory factors including Tnf-α and Il-22. Furthermore, dietary Hes-7-G not only profoundly regulated the gut microbiota composition including phyla Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Deferribacteres and genus Enterorhabdus, Prevotellaceae, Gastranaerophilales, Enterococcus, Intestinimonas, Ruminococcaceae, and Eubacterium in the cecal contents but also especially adjusted the co-metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and indole metabolites (indole-3-propionic, indole acetic acid), which were markedly altered by DSS treatment in mice. These findings demonstrated that Hes-7-G has strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo and potential preventive or therapeutic effects for chronic inflammation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
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Mathieu E, Marquant Q, Descamps D, Riffault S, Saint-Criq V, Thomas M. Le poumon est sensible aux effets locaux et à distance des microbiotes. NUTR CLIN METAB 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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220
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Shaping the gut microbiota by bioactive phytochemicals: An emerging approach for the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Biochimie 2021; 193:38-63. [PMID: 34688789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human digestive tract is the cottage to trillions of live microorganisms, which regulate health and illness. A healthy Gut Microbiota (GM) is necessary for preventing microbial growth, body growth, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and enhancing immunity. The equilibrium in GM's composition and the presence/absence of critical species enable specific responses to be essential for the host's better health condition. Research evidences revealed that the dietary plants and their bioactive phytochemicals (BPs) play an extensive and critical role in shaping the GM to get beneficial health effects. BPs are also known to improve gastrointestinal health and reduce the risk of several diseases by modulating GM-mediated cellular and molecular processes. Regular intake of BPs-rich vegetables, fruits, and herbal preparations promotes probiotic bacteria, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus species, while inhibiting unwanted gut residents' development Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium etc. Upon consumption, BPs contact the GM that gets transformed before being absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Biotransformation of BPs by GM is linked with the enhancement of bioactivity/toxicity diminishment of the BPs compared to parental phytochemicals. Therefore, the current review focuses on the role of BPs in shaping GM for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Conta G, Del Chierico F, Reddel S, Marini F, Sciubba F, Capuani G, Tomassini A, Di Cocco ME, Laforgia N, Baldassarre ME, Putignani L, Miccheli A. Longitudinal Multi-Omics Study of a Mother-Infant Dyad from Breastfeeding to Weaning: An Individualized Approach to Understand the Interactions Among Diet, Fecal Metabolome and Microbiota Composition. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:688440. [PMID: 34671642 PMCID: PMC8520934 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.688440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the human gut microbiota is characterized by a dynamic sequence of events from birth to adulthood, which make the gut microbiota unique for everyone. Its composition and metabolism may play a critical role in the intestinal homeostasis and health. We propose a study on a single mother-infant dyad to follow the dynamics of an infant fecal microbiota and metabolome changes in relation to breast milk composition during the lactation period and evaluate the changes induced by introduction of complementary food during the weaning period. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics was performed on breast milk and, together with 16S RNA targeted-metagenomics analysis, also on infant stool samples of a mother-infant dyad collected over a period running from the exclusive breastfeeding diet to weaning. Breast milk samples and neonatal stool samples were collected from the 4th to the 10th month of life. Both specimens were collected from day 103 to day 175, while from day 219-268 only stool samples were examined. An exploratory and a predictive analysis were carried out by means of Common component and specific weight analysis and multi-block partial least squares discriminant analysis, respectively. Stools collected during breastfeeding and during a mixed fruit/breastfeeding diet were characterized by high levels of fucosyl-oligosaccharides and glycolysis intermediates, including succinate and formate. The transition to a semi-solid food diet was characterized by several changes in fecal parameters: increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, including acetate, propionate and butyrate, dissapearance of HMOs and the shift in the community composition, mainly occurring within the Firmicutes phylum. The variations in the fecal metabolome reflected the infant's diet transition, while the composition of the microbiota followed a more complex and still unstable behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Conta
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory of Sapienza (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Del Chierico
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Reddel
- Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory of Sapienza (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciubba
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory of Sapienza (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Capuani
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory of Sapienza (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Laforgia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Putignani
- Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Unit of Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology, Unit of Microbiomics and Multimodal Laboratory Medicine Research Area, Unit of Human Microbiome, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Miccheli
- NMR-Based Metabolomics Laboratory of Sapienza (NMLab), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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222
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Ye S, Si C, Deng J, Chen X, Kong L, Zhou X, Wang W. Understanding the Effects of Metabolites on the Gut Microbiome and Severe Acute Pancreatitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:1516855. [PMID: 34712726 PMCID: PMC8548099 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1516855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. The severity is classified as mild (MAP), moderately severe (MSAP), or severe (SAP). In patients with SAP, organ dysfunction can occur in the early stage of the disease course, accompanied by secondary infection, with a mortality rate of 36%-50%. In the late stage SAP, infection-related complications caused by pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic effusion are the main causes of death in patients. Dysbacteriosis of intestinal microflora, barrier dysfunction of intestinal mucosa, and translocation of enteric bacteria are considered to be the main causes of infection of pancreatic necrotic tissue and peripancreatic effusion. During the past few years, increasing attention has been paid to the metabolic activities of intestinal microflora in SAP, which plays an important role in the metabolic activities of the human body. This review is aimed at bringing together the most recent findings and advances regarding the gut microbial community and associated gut microbial community metabolites and illustrating the role of these metabolites in disease progression in severe acute pancreatitis. We hope that this review will provide new ideas and schemes for the treatment of SAP in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Ye
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenli Si
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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223
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Zaiatz Bittencourt V, Jones F, Doherty G, Ryan EJ. Targeting Immune Cell Metabolism in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1684-1693. [PMID: 33693743 PMCID: PMC8522790 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cells of the immune system are highly dynamic, constantly sensing and adapting to changes in their surroundings. Complex metabolic pathways govern leukocytes' ability to fine-tune their responses to external threats. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and hypoxia inducible factor are important hubs of these pathways and play a critical role coordinating cell activation and proliferation and cytokine production. For this reason, these molecules are attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Insight into perturbations in immune cell metabolic pathways and their impact on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) progression are starting to emerge. However, it remains to be determined whether the aberrations in immune metabolism that occur in gut resident immune cells contribute to disease pathogenesis or are reflected in the peripheral blood of patients with IBD. In this review, we explore what is known about the metabolic profile of T cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells in IBD and discuss the potential of manipulating immune cell metabolism as a novel approach to treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zaiatz Bittencourt
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Jones
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glen Doherty
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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224
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Fink A, Hung E, Singh I, Ben-Neriah Y. Immunity in acute myeloid leukemia: Where the immune response and targeted therapy meet. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:34-43. [PMID: 34648664 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive disease with high relapse and mortality rates. Recent years have shown a surge in novel therapeutic development for AML, both in clinical and preclinical stages. These developments include targeted therapies based on AML-specific molecular signatures as well as more general immune modulation and vaccination studies. In this review, we will explore the evolving arena of AML therapy and suggest some intriguing connections between immune system modulation and targeted therapy. Improved understanding of the immune system involvement in various stages of the disease and the crosstalk between immune effectors, targeted therapy, and AML cells can provide a better framework for designing the next generation of AML therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avner Fink
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eric Hung
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Indranil Singh
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yinon Ben-Neriah
- The Lautenberg Center for Immunology and Cancer Research, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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225
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Mohamed FA, Thangavelu G, Rhee SY, Sage PT, O’Connor RS, Rathmell JC, Blazar BR. Recent Metabolic Advances for Preventing and Treating Acute and Chronic Graft Versus Host Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:757836. [PMID: 34712243 PMCID: PMC8546182 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.757836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is limited by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In GVHD, rigorous pre-conditioning regimen resets the immune landscape and inflammatory milieu causing immune dysregulation, characterized by an expansion of alloreactive cells and a reduction in immune regulatory cells. In acute GVHD (aGVHD), the release of damage- and pathogen- associated molecular patterns from damaged tissue caused by the conditioning regimen sets the stage for T cell priming, activation and expansion further exacerbating tissue injury and organ damage, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies have shown that donor T cells utilize multiple energetic and biosynthetic pathways to mediate GVHD that can be distinct from the pathways used by regulatory T cells for their suppressive function. In chronic GVHD (cGVHD), donor T cells may differentiate into IL-21 producing T follicular helper cells or tissue resident T helper cells that cooperate with germinal center B cells or memory B cells, respectively, to produce allo- and auto-reactive antibodies with subsequent tissue fibrosis. Alternatively, donor T cells can become IFN- γ/IL-17 cytokine expressing T cells that mediate sclerodermatous skin injury. Patients refractory to the first line standard regimens for GVHD treatment have a poor prognosis indicating an urgent need for new therapies to restore the balance between effector and regulatory immune cells while preserving the beneficial graft-versus-tumor effect. Emerging data points toward a role for metabolism in regulating these allo- and auto-immune responses. Here, we will discuss the preclinical and clinical data available on the distinct metabolic demands of acute and chronic GVHD and recent efforts in identifying therapeutic targets using metabolomics. Another dimension of this review will examine the changing microbiome after allo-HSCT and the role of microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and long chain fatty acids on regulating immune responses. Lastly, we will examine the metabolic implications of coinhibitory pathway blockade and cellular therapies in allo-HSCT. In conclusion, greater understanding of metabolic pathways involved in immune cell dysregulation during allo-HSCT may pave the way to provide novel therapies to prevent and treat GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathima A. Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Govindarajan Thangavelu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephanie Y. Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Renal Division, Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Roddy S. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jeffrey C. Rathmell
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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226
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Rudi K, Zhao L. Grand Challenges in Understanding Gut Microbes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:752829. [PMID: 34675912 PMCID: PMC8524079 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.752829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Knut Rudi
- Faculty of Chemistry Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Liping Zhao
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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227
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Postler TS, Peng V, Bhatt DM, Ghosh S. Metformin selectively dampens the acute inflammatory response through an AMPK-dependent mechanism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18721. [PMID: 34548527 PMCID: PMC8455559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a first-line drug in the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to its antigluconeogenic and insulin-sensitizing properties, metformin has emerged as a potent inhibitor of the chronic inflammatory response of macrophages. In particular, metformin treatment has been shown to reduce expression of interleukin (IL-) 1β during long-term exposure to the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) through a reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which decreases the levels of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1-α, and through enhanced expression of IL-10. However, the effect of metformin on the acute inflammatory response, before significant levels of ROS accumulate in the cell, has not been explored. Here, we show that metformin alters the acute inflammatory response through its activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), but independently of HIF1-α and IL-10, in primary macrophages and two macrophage-like cell lines. Thus, metformin changes the acute and the chronic inflammatory response through fundamentally distinct mechanisms. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis reveals that metformin pretreatment affects the levels of a large yet selective subset of inflammatory genes, dampening the response to short-term LPS exposure and affecting a wide range of pathways and biological functions. Taken together, these findings reveal an unexpected complexity in the anti-inflammatory properties of this widely used drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Postler
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dev M Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Amgen Research Oncology and Inflammation, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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228
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Bermúdez V, Durán P, Rojas E, Díaz MP, Rivas J, Nava M, Chacín M, Cabrera de Bravo M, Carrasquero R, Ponce CC, Górriz JL, D´Marco L. The Sick Adipose Tissue: New Insights Into Defective Signaling and Crosstalk With the Myocardium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:735070. [PMID: 34603210 PMCID: PMC8479191 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) biology is linked to cardiovascular health since obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and positively correlated with excessive visceral fat accumulation. AT signaling to myocardial cells through soluble factors known as adipokines, cardiokines, branched-chain amino acids and small molecules like microRNAs, undoubtedly influence myocardial cells and AT function via the endocrine-paracrine mechanisms of action. Unfortunately, abnormal total and visceral adiposity can alter this harmonious signaling network, resulting in tissue hypoxia and monocyte/macrophage adipose infiltration occurring alongside expanded intra-abdominal and epicardial fat depots seen in the human obese phenotype. These processes promote an abnormal adipocyte proteomic reprogramming, whereby these cells become a source of abnormal signals, affecting vascular and myocardial tissues, leading to meta-inflammation, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, heart hypertrophy, heart failure and myocardial infarction. This review first discusses the pathophysiology and consequences of adipose tissue expansion, particularly their association with meta-inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. We also explore the precise mechanisms involved in metabolic reprogramming in AT that represent plausible causative factors for CVD. Finally, we clarify how lifestyle changes could promote improvement in myocardiocyte function in the context of changes in AT proteomics and a better gut microbiome profile to develop effective, non-pharmacologic approaches to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Edward Rojas
- Cardiovascular Division, University Hospital, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - María P. Díaz
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Rivas
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Florida-College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Rubén Carrasquero
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Clímaco Cano Ponce
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - José Luis Górriz
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis D´Marco
- Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, INCLIVA, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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229
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Fujiwara H. Crosstalk Between Intestinal Microbiota Derived Metabolites and Tissues in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703298. [PMID: 34512627 PMCID: PMC8429959 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an evidence based- cellular immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. Immune reactions not only promote graft-versus-tumor effects that kill hematological malignant cells but also graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) that is the primary complication characterized by systemic organ damages consisting of T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) activation. GVHD has long been recognized as an immunological reaction that requires an immunosuppressive treatment targeting immune cells. However immune suppression cannot always prevent GVHD or effectively treat it once it has developed. Recent studies using high-throughput sequencing technology investigated the impact of microbial flora on GVHD and provided profound insights of the mechanism of GVHD other than immune cells. Allo-HSCT affects the intestinal microbiota and microbiome-metabolome axis that can alter intestinal homeostasis and the severity of experimental GVHD. This axis can potentially be manipulated via dietary intervention or metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria affected post-allo-HSCT. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of experimental GVHD regulation by the complex microbial community-metabolites-host tissue axis. Furthermore, we summarize the major findings of microbiome-based immunotherapeutic approaches that protect tissues from experimental GVHD. Understanding the complex relationships between gut microbiota-metabolites-host tissues axis provides crucial insight into the pathogenesis of GVHD and advances the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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230
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Cheng L, Qi C, Yang H, Lu M, Cai Y, Fu T, Ren J, Jin Q, Zhang X. gutMGene: a comprehensive database for target genes of gut microbes and microbial metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 50:D795-D800. [PMID: 34500458 PMCID: PMC8728193 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
gutMGene (http://bio-annotation.cn/gutmgene), a manually curated database, aims at providing a comprehensive resource of target genes of gut microbes and microbial metabolites in humans and mice. Metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples has identified 3.3 × 106 non-redundant microbial genes from up to 1500 different species. One of the contributions of gut microbiota to host biology is the circulating pool of bacterially derived small-molecule metabolites. It has been estimated that 10% of metabolites found in mammalian blood are derived from the gut microbiota, where they can produce systemic effects on the host through activating or inhibiting gene expression. The current version of gutMGene documents 1331 curated relationships between 332 gut microbes, 207 microbial metabolites and 223 genes in humans, and 2349 curated relationships between 209 gut microbes, 149 microbial metabolites and 544 genes in mice. Each entry in the gutMGene contains detailed information on a relationship between gut microbe, microbial metabolite and target gene, a brief description of the relationship, experiment technology and platform, literature reference and so on. gutMGene provides a user-friendly interface to browse and retrieve each entry using gut microbes, disorders and intervention measures. It also offers the option to download all the entries and submit new experimentally validated associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cheng
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang, China.,College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changlu Qi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Haixiu Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Minke Lu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yiting Cai
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tongze Fu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jialiang Ren
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qu Jin
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang, China.,McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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231
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Yang M, Gu Y, Li L, Liu T, Song X, Sun Y, Cao X, Wang B, Jiang K, Cao H. Bile Acid-Gut Microbiota Axis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093143. [PMID: 34579027 PMCID: PMC8467364 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, with increasing prevalence, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Accumulating evidence suggested that gut microbiota and bile acids play pivotal roles in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Patients with IBD exhibit decreased microbial diversity and abnormal microbial composition marked by the depletion of phylum Firmicutes (including bacteria involved in bile acid metabolism) and the enrichment of phylum Proteobacteria. Dysbiosis leads to blocked bile acid transformation. Thus, the concentration of primary and conjugated bile acids is elevated at the expense of secondary bile acids in IBD. In turn, bile acids could modulate the microbial community. Gut dysbiosis and disturbed bile acids impair the gut barrier and immunity. Several therapies, such as diets, probiotics, prebiotics, engineered bacteria, fecal microbiota transplantation and ursodeoxycholic acid, may alleviate IBD by restoring gut microbiota and bile acids. Thus, the bile acid–gut microbiota axis is closely connected with IBD pathogenesis. Regulation of this axis may be a novel option for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Xueli Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
| | - Kui Jiang
- Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (H.C.)
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; (M.Y.); (Y.G.); (L.L.); (T.L.); (X.S.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (B.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.J.); (H.C.)
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232
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Roberto M, Carconi C, Cerreti M, Schipilliti FM, Botticelli A, Mazzuca F, Marchetti P. The Challenge of ICIs Resistance in Solid Tumours: Could Microbiota and Its Diversity Be Our Secret Weapon? Front Immunol 2021; 12:704942. [PMID: 34489956 PMCID: PMC8417795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota and its functional interaction with the human body were recently returned to the spotlight of the scientific community. In light of the extensive implementation of newer and increasingly precise genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and culturomic, we now have an extraordinary ability to study the microorganisms that live within the human body. Most of the recent studies only focused on the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and one other factor. Considering the complexity of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, our aim was to investigate how microbiota is affected by intestinal microenvironment and how microenvironment alterations may influence the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this context, we show how diet is emerging as a fundamental determinant of microbiota’s community structure and function. Particularly, we describe the role of certain dietary factors, as well as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics in modifying the human microbiota. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a secret weapon to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, this review sheds new light on the possibility of administering fecal microbiota transplantation to modulate the gut microbiota in cancer treatment. These concepts and how these findings can be translated into the therapeutic response to cancer immunotherapies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Carconi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Cerreti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Matilde Schipilliti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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233
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Wu YL, Xu J, Rong XY, Wang F, Wang HJ, Zhao C. Gut microbiota alterations and health status in aging adults: From correlation to causation. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:206-213. [PMID: 34553118 PMCID: PMC8444961 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The deterioration of tissue structure and decline in physiological function during aging are accompanied by alterations to the gut microbiota. The elderly has higher risks of various diseases and chronic diseases. However, inter-individual differences are more apparent in elderly than younger, and a proportion of individuals have a delayed onset or even avoid developing chronic diseases. This difference in health status is influenced by both heredity and Lifestyle and environmental factors. During the process of aging, the gut microbiota is also affected by the external environment, and provides a buffer to external challenge, and thus the gut microbiota reflects an individual's personal experience. Moreover, the immune system undergoes a series of changes with age, which are related to chronic inflammation in the elderly. The formation, maturation and senescence of the intestinal immune system is closely related to the gut microbiota. Additionally, changes in the gut microbiota of elderly individuals may modulate the immune system, which may in turn affect health status. Herein, we summarize the correlations between the gut microbiota with individual health status in the elderly and explore the related mechanisms, which may provide a basis to maintain or enhance the health of the elderly though interventions targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Xing-Yu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Hui-Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology College of Fundamental Medicine Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Shanghai China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS) School of Basic Medical Sciences Shanghai Medical College, & National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
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234
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Giraud J, Saleh M. Host-Microbiota Interactions in Liver Inflammation and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174342. [PMID: 34503151 PMCID: PMC8430654 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a difficult to treat liver cancer that generally arises in individuals suffering from alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Inflammation, tissue injury and fibrosis are important precursors of HCC. In this review, we explore the links between the microbiota, inflammation and carcinogenesis in the context of HCC. We discuss how the gut and liver communicate and how microbial molecules, including structural components and metabolites, elicit inflammation and tumorigenesis in the liver. A better understanding of microbiota-dependent mechanisms of liver cancer development might lead to novel microbial-based therapeutic approaches. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a classical inflammation-promoted cancer that occurs in a setting of liver diseases, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or alcoholic liver disease (ALD). These pathologies share key characteristics, notably intestinal dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and an imbalance in bile acids, choline, fatty acids and ethanol metabolites. Translocation of microbial- and danger-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs and DAMPs) from the gut to the liver elicits profound chronic inflammation, leading to severe hepatic injury and eventually HCC progression. In this review, we first describe how the gut and the liver communicate and discuss mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota elicit hepatic inflammation and HCC. We focus on the role of microbial products, e.g., MAMPs, host inflammatory effectors and host–microbiome-derived metabolites in tumor-promoting mechanisms, including cell death and senescence. Last, we explore the potential of harnessing the microbiota to treat liver diseases and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Giraud
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Maya Saleh
- ImmunoConcEpT, CNRS, UMR 5164, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France;
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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235
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Li N, Zhan S, Tian Z, Liu C, Xie Z, Zhang S, Chen M, Zeng Z, Zhuang X. Alterations in Bile Acid Metabolism Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:1525-1540. [PMID: 33399195 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory disorder closely related to gut dysbiosis, which is associated with alterations in an important bacterial metabolite, bile acids (BAs). Although certain findings pertinent to BA changes in IBD vary among studies owing to the differences in sample type, quantitated BA species, study methodology, and patient characteristics, a specific trend concerning variations of BAs in IBD has been identified. In elaborating on this observation, it was noted that primary BAs and conjugated BAs are augmented in fecal samples but there is a reduction in secondary BAs in fecal samples. It is not entirely clear why patients with IBD manifest these changes and what role these changes play in the onset and development of IBD. Previous studies have shown that IBD-associated BA changes may be caused by alterations in BA absorption, synthesis, and bacterial modification. The complex relationship between bacteria and BAs may provide additional and deeper insight into host-gut microbiota interactions in the pathogenesis of IBD. The characteristic BA changes may generate profound effects in patients with IBD by shaping the gut microbiota community, affecting inflammatory processes, causing BA malabsorption associated with diarrhea, and even leading to intestinal dysplasia and cancer. Thus, therapeutic strategies correcting the alterations in the composition of BAs, including the elimination of excess BAs and the supplementation of deficient BAs, may prove promising in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shukai Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyi Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiguang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zonglin Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenghong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhirong Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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236
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Rehman S, Ravinayagam V, Nahvi I, Aldossary H, Al-Shammari M, Amiri MSA, Kishore U, Al-Suhaimi EA. Immunity, Sex Hormones, and Environmental Factors as Determinants of COVID-19 Disparity in Women. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680845. [PMID: 34484179 PMCID: PMC8416472 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a major global pandemic, causing extreme morbidity and mortality. Few studies appear to suggest a significant impact of gender in morbidity and mortality, where men are reported at a higher risk than women. The infectivity, transmissibility, and varying degree of disease manifestation (mild, modest, and severe) in population studies reinforce the importance of a number of genetic and epigenetic factors, in the context of immune response and gender. The present review dwells on several contributing factors such as a stronger innate immune response, estrogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 gene, and microbiota, which impart greater resistance to the SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression in women. In addition, the underlying importance of associated microbiota and certain environmental factors in gender-based disparity pertaining to the mortality and morbidity due to COVID-19 in women has also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Rehman
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijaya Ravinayagam
- Deanship of Scientific Research and Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Insha Nahvi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Aldossary
- Department of Epidemic Disease Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Al-Shammari
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai Saad Al Amiri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ebtesam A. Al-Suhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science and Institute of Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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237
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Zou J, Liu C, Jiang S, Qian D, Duan J. Cross Talk between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in the Development of Ulcerative Colitis. Infect Immun 2021; 89:e0001421. [PMID: 33526559 PMCID: PMC8370674 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00014-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a nonspecific inflammatory disease, is characterized by inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon, and its prevalence in the world is increasing. Nevertheless, the exact pathogenesis of UC is still unclear. Accumulating data have suggested that its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, environmental factors, microbial dysbiosis, and dysregulated immune responses. Generally, UC is aroused by inappropriate immune activation based on the interaction of host and intestinal microbiota. The relationship between microbiota and host immune system in the pathogenesis of UC is complicated. However, increasing evidence indicates that the shift of microbiota composition can substantially influence intestinal immunity. In this review, we primarily focus on the delicate balance between microbiota and gut mucosal immunity during UC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Zou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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238
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Chen Y, Chen YX. Microbiota-Associated Metabolites and Related Immunoregulation in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4054. [PMID: 34439208 PMCID: PMC8394439 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research has found close links between the human gut microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC), associated with the direct actions of specific bacteria and the activities of microbiota-derived metabolites, which are implicated in complex immune responses, thus influencing carcinogenesis. Diet has a significant impact on the structure of the microbiota and also undergoes microbial metabolism. Some metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole derivatives, act as protectors against cancer by regulating immune responses, while others may promote cancer. However, the specific influence of these metabolites on the host is conditional. We reviewed the recent insights on the relationships among diet, microbiota-derived metabolites, and CRC, focusing on their intricate immunomodulatory responses, which might influence the progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200001, China;
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239
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Qian S, Chen X, Wu T, Sun Y, Li X, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Xu J, Han X, Ding H, Jiang Y. The accumulation of plasma acylcarnitines are associated with poor immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:808. [PMID: 34384363 PMCID: PMC8362229 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06525-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can reduce opportunistic infections and mortality rates among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); however, some HIV-infected individuals exhibit poor immune recovery after ART. Hence, we explored the association between metabolome profiles and immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals following ART. METHODS An untargeted metabolomics approach was used to analyze plasma samples from 18 HIV-negative individuals and 20 HIV-infected individuals, including 10 immunological non-responders (INR, CD4+ T cell rise < 100 cells/μl) and 10 immunological responders (IR, CD4+ T cell rise > 300 cells/μl) after 2 years of ART. These individuals were followed for the next 6 years and viral loads and CD4+ T cell count were measured regularly. Orthogonal projection on latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), ANOVA, correlation, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and survival analyses were used for selection of discriminant metabolites. RESULTS Eighteen lipid metabolites were identified which could distinguish among control, INR, and IR groups. Among them, myristoylcarnitine (MC), palmitoylcarnitine (PC), stearoylcarnitine (SC), and oleoylcarnitine (OC) were significantly elevated in INR plasma samples compared with those from the IR and control groups and were negatively associated with CD4+ T cell count. Additionally, ROC analysis using a combination of MC, PC, SC, and OC had high sensitivity and specificity for differentiating INR from IR (AUC = 0.94). Finally, survival analysis for the combination of MC, PC, SC, and OC demonstrated that it could predict CD4+ T cell count in patients undergoing long-term ART. CONCLUSIONS High levels of lipid metabolites, MC, PC, SC, and OC are associated with poor immune recovery in patients receiving ART and these data provide potential new insights into immune recovery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Qian
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xi Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Tong Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yu Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaoxu Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology (China Medical University), National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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240
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Soldan R, Fusi M, Cardinale M, Daffonchio D, Preston GM. The effect of plant domestication on host control of the microbiota. Commun Biol 2021; 4:936. [PMID: 34354230 PMCID: PMC8342519 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroorganisms are colonized by microbial communities that exert important biological and ecological functions, the composition of which is subject to host control and has therefore been described as "an ecosystem on a leash". However, domesticated organisms such as crop plants are subject to both artificial selection and natural selection exerted by the agricultural ecosystem. Here, we propose a framework for understanding how host control of the microbiota is influenced by domestication, in which a double leash acts from domesticator to host and host to microbes. We discuss how this framework applies to a plant compartment that has demonstrated remarkable phenotypic changes during domestication: the seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Soldan
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, UK.
| | - Marco Fusi
- Edinburgh Napier University, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Massimiliano Cardinale
- University of Salento, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gail M Preston
- University of Oxford, Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford, UK.
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241
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Liu W, Luo X, Tang J, Mo Q, Zhong H, Zhang H, Feng F. A bridge for short-chain fatty acids to affect inflammatory bowel disease, type 1 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease positively: by changing gut barrier. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2317-2330. [PMID: 33180143 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02431-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In previous studies, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been found to regulate gut microbiota and change gut barrier status, and the potential positive effects of SCFAs on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have also been found, but the role of SCFAs in these three diseases is not clear. This review aims to summarize existing evidence on the effects of SCFAs on IBD, T1D, and NHFLD, and correlates them with gut barrier and gut microbiota (gut microbiota barrier). METHODS A literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, and Wiley Online Library up to October 2020 was conducted for all relevant studies published. RESULTS This is a retrospective review of 150 applied research articles or reviews. The destruction of gut barrier may promote the development of IBD, T1D, and NAFLD. SCFAs seem to maintain the gut barrier by promoting the growth of intestinal epithelial cells, strengthening the intestinal tight connection, and regulating the activities of gut microbiota and immune cells, which might result possible beneficial effects on the above three diseases at a certain dose. CONCLUSIONS Influencing gut barrier health may be a bridge for SCFAs (especially butyrate) to have positive effects on IBD, T1D, and NAFLD. It is expected that this article can provide new ideas for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases by SCFAs and help SCFAs be better applied to precise and personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxin Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianliang Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Tang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiufen Mo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, No. 866, Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Wei K, He J, Ding N, Hua J, Zhou T, Niu F, Zhou G, Shi T, Zhang L, Liu Y. Review: Effect of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite SCFAs on Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:577236. [PMID: 34307184 PMCID: PMC8300561 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.577236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is regarded as the second human genome and forgotten organ, which is symbiotic with the human host and cannot live and exist alone. The gut microbiota performs multiple physiological functions and plays a pivotal role in host health and intestinal homeostasis. However, the gut microbiota can always be affected by various factors and among them, it is radiotherapy that results in gut microbiota 12dysbiosis and it is often embodied in a decrease in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, an increase in harmful bacteria and a decrease in beneficial bacteria, thereby affecting many disease states, especially intestine diseases. Furthermore, gut microbiota can produce a variety of metabolites, among which short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are one of the most abundant and important metabolites. More importantly, SCFAs can be identified as second messengers to promote signal transduction and affect the occurrence and development of diseases. Radiotherapy can lead to the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and cause changes in SCFAs, which is associated with a variety of diseases such as radiation-induced intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism of its occurrence is not yet clear. Therefore, this review intends to emphasize the alterations of gut microbiota after radiotherapy and highlight the alterations of SCFAs-producing bacteria and SCFAs to explore the mechanisms of radiation-induced intestinal injury from the perspective of gut microbiota and its metabolite SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kongxi Wei
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junrui Hua
- Key Laboratory of Space Radiobiology of Gansu Province & Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Niu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gucheng Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tongfan Shi
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and The Prevention and Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation at Provincial and Ministerial Level, Lanzhou, China
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243
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Zhao L, Qi Z, Yi L, Li J, Cui Y, Ur Rehman F, Yang J, Liu J, Li Y, Zhang J. The interaction between gut microbiota and flavonoid extract from Smilax glabra Roxb. and its potent alleviation of fatty liver. Food Funct 2021; 12:7836-7850. [PMID: 34235516 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is associated with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and low-grade chronic inflammation. Herein we report the interaction of the flavonoid extract from Smilax glabra Roxb. (FSGR) with gut microbiota. Then, FSGR's function of modulating microbiota in a rat model of high-fat diet (HFD) induced fatty liver has been explored. These investigations indicated that the main compound in FSGR, such as astilbin and its isomers, could be metabolized to aglycone, while further splitting resulted in some phenolic acid compounds through a redox reaction. The data obtained clearly showed that FSGR not only alleviated the steatosis degree of liver cells and modulated the contents of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestinal tract, but also reversed gut dysbiosis induced by HFD as prognosticated by the decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) and altered gene expression. The results demonstrated that FSGR probably could be used as a prebiotic agent to impede gut dysbiosis and fatty liver-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Maura D, Elmekki N, Goddard CA. The ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas eutropha blocks T helper 2 cell polarization via the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14162. [PMID: 34238943 PMCID: PMC8266879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of atopic diseases has been steadily increasing since the mid twentieth century, a rise that has been linked to modern hygienic lifestyles that limit exposure to microbes and immune system maturation. Overactive type 2 CD4+ helper T (Th2) cells are known to be closely associated with atopy and represent a key target for treatment. In this study, we present an initial characterization of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) Nitrosomonas eutropha D23, an environmental microbe that is not associated with human pathology, and show AOB effectively suppress the polarization of Th2 cells and production of Th2-associated cytokines (IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4) by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We show that AOB inhibit Th2 cell polarization not through Th1-mediated suppression, but rather through mechanisms involving the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the potential inhibition of dendritic cells, as evidenced by a reduction in Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC II) and CD86 expression following AOB treatment. This is the first report of immunomodulatory properties of AOB, and provides initial support for the development of AOB as a potential therapeutic for atopic diseases.
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245
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Wrzosek L, Ciocan D, Hugot C, Spatz M, Dupeux M, Houron C, Lievin-Le Moal V, Puchois V, Ferrere G, Trainel N, Mercier-Nomé F, Durand S, Kroemer G, Voican CS, Emond P, Straube M, Sokol H, Perlemuter G, Cassard AM. Microbiota tryptophan metabolism induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation and improves alcohol-induced liver injury. Gut 2021; 70:1299-1308. [PMID: 33004548 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic alcohol consumption is an important cause of liver-related deaths. Specific intestinal microbiota profiles are associated with susceptibility or resistance to alcoholic liver disease in both mice and humans. We aimed to identify the mechanisms by which targeting intestinal microbiota can improve alcohol-induced liver lesions. DESIGN We used human associated mice, a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease transplanted with the intestinal microbiota of alcoholic patients and used the prebiotic, pectin, to modulate the intestinal microbiota. Based on metabolomic analyses, we focused on microbiota tryptophan metabolites, which are ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Involvement of the AhR pathway was assessed using both a pharmacological approach and AhR-deficient mice. RESULTS Pectin treatment modified the microbiome and metabolome in human microbiota-associated alcohol-fed mice, leading to a specific faecal signature. High production of bacterial tryptophan metabolites was associated with an improvement of liver injury. The AhR agonist Ficz (6-formylindolo (3,2-b) carbazole) reduced liver lesions, similarly to prebiotic treatment. Conversely, inactivation of the ahr gene in alcohol-fed AhR knock-out mice abrogated the beneficial effects of the prebiotic. Importantly, patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis have low levels of bacterial tryptophan derivatives that are AhR agonists. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of alcoholic liver disease by targeting the intestinal microbiota involves the AhR pathway, which should be considered as a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wrzosek
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Dragos Ciocan
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Cindy Hugot
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Madeleine Spatz
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Margot Dupeux
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Camille Houron
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Virginie Puchois
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gladys Ferrere
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Nicolas Trainel
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Françoise Mercier-Nomé
- Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paris Saclay d'Innovation thérapeutique, Paris-Saclay University, Chatenay-Malabry, Île-de-France, France
| | - Sylvere Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, Île-de-France, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Cosmin Sebastian Voican
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France.,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
| | - Patrick Emond
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, Centre-Val de Loire, France.,Service de Médecine Nucléaire In Vitro, CHRU Tours, Tours, Centre, France
| | - Marjolène Straube
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne University, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Sorbonne University, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Gastroenterology department, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Gabriel Perlemuter
- UMR996, Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Clamart, Île-de-France, France .,Hepato-Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Antoine-Béclère Hospital, AP-HP, Clamart, Île-de-France, France
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The Modification of the Gut Microbiota via Selected Specific Diets in Patients with Crohn's Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072125. [PMID: 34206152 PMCID: PMC8308385 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal symptoms in Crohn’s disease (CD) are common and affect the quality of life of patients; consequently, a growing number of studies have been published on diet interventions in this group. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and the progression of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including CD, has been widely discussed. Mainly, a decreased abundance of Firmicutes, species of the Bifidobacterium genus, and the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species as well as a reduced general diversity have been described. In this review article, we summarize available data on the influence of reduction diets on the microbiome of patients with CD. One of the most frequently used elimination diets in CD patients is the low-FODMAP (Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, and Polyols) diet. Although many papers show it may reduce abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloating, it also reduces the intake of prebiotic substances, which can negatively affect the gut microbiota composition, decreasing the abundance of Bifidobacterium species and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Other elimination diets used by IBD patients, such as lactose-free or gluten-free diets, have also been shown to disturb the microbial diversity. On the other hand, CDED (Crohn’s disease exclusion diet) with partial enteral nutrition not only induces the remission of CD but also has a positive influence on the microbiota. The impact of diet interventions on the microbiota and, potentially, on the future course of the disease should be considered when nutritional guidelines for IBD patients are designed. Dietetic recommendations should be based not only on the regulation of the symptoms but also on the long-term development of the disease.
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247
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Maasfeh L, Härtlova A, Isaksson S, Sundin J, Mavroudis G, Savolainen O, Strid H, Öhman L, Magnusson MK. Impaired Luminal Control of Intestinal Macrophage Maturation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis During Remission. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1415-1432. [PMID: 34126236 PMCID: PMC8479254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal macrophages adopt a hyporesponsive phenotype through education by local signals. Lack of proper macrophage maturation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission may initiate gut inflammation. The aim, therefore, was to determine the effects of fecal luminal factors derived from healthy donors and UC patients in remission on macrophage phenotype and function. METHODS Fecal supernatants (FS) were extracted from fecal samples of healthy subjects and UC patients in remission. Monocytes were matured into macrophages in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor without/with FS, stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, and macrophage phenotype and function were assessed. Fecal metabolomic profiles were analyzed by gas-chromatography/mass-spectrometry. RESULTS Fecal luminal factors derived from healthy donors were effective in down-regulating Toll-like receptor signaling, cytokine signaling, and antigen presentation in macrophages. Fecal luminal factors derived from UC patients in remission were less potent in inducing lipopolysaccharide hyporesponsiveness and modulating expression of genes involved in macrophage cytokine and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Although phagocytic and bactericidal abilities of macrophages were not affected by FS treatment, healthy FS-treated macrophages showed a greater ability to suppress cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell activation and interferon γ secretion compared with UC remission FS-treated counterparts. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed differential fecal metabolite composition for healthy donors and UC patients in remission. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that UC patients in remission lack luminal signals able to condition macrophages toward a hyporesponsive and tolerogenic phenotype, which may contribute to their persistent vulnerability to relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujain Maasfeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Isaksson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Sundin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Otto Savolainen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Strid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Södra Älvsborg Hospital, Borås, Sweden
| | - Lena Öhman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria K. Magnusson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Maria K. Magnusson, PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden. fax: (46) 31-786 6210
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248
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Vamanu E, Dinu LD, Pelinescu DR, Gatea F. Therapeutic Properties of Edible Mushrooms and Herbal Teas in Gut Microbiota Modulation. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061262. [PMID: 34200833 PMCID: PMC8230450 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible mushrooms are functional foods and valuable but less exploited sources of biologically active compounds. Herbal teas are a range of products widely used due to the therapeutic properties that have been demonstrated by traditional medicine and a supplement in conventional therapies. Their interaction with the human microbiota is an aspect that must be researched, the therapeutic properties depending on the interaction with the microbiota and the consequent fermentative activity. Modulation processes result from the activity of, for example, phenolic acids, which are a major component and which have already demonstrated activity in combating oxidative stress. The aim of this mini-review is to highlight the essential aspects of modulating the microbiota using edible mushrooms and herbal teas. Although the phenolic pattern is different for edible mushrooms and herbal teas, certain non-phenolic compounds (polysaccharides and/or caffeine) are important in alleviating chronic diseases. These specific functional compounds have modulatory properties against oxidative stress, demonstrating health-beneficial effects in vitro and/or In vivo. Moreover, recent advances in improving human health via gut microbiota are presented. Plant-derived miRNAs from mushrooms and herbal teas were highlighted as a potential strategy for new therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd, 1 District, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-742218240
| | - Laura Dorina Dinu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agronomic Science and Veterinary Medicine, 59 Marasti Blvd, 1 District, 011464 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Diana Roxana Pelinescu
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, 36-46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina Gatea
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
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249
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Han H, Zhou Y, Liu Q, Wang G, Feng J, Zhang M. Effects of Ammonia on Gut Microbiota and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061716. [PMID: 34201291 PMCID: PMC8228959 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The composition and function of gut microbiota is crucial for the health of the host and closely related to animal growth performance. Factors that impact microbiota composition can also impact its productivity. Ammonia (NH3), one of the major contaminants in poultry houses, negatively affects poultry performance. However, the influence of ammonia on broiler intestinal microflora, and whether this influence is related to growth performance, has not been reported. Our results indicated that ammonia caused changes to cecal microflora of broilers, and these changes related to growth performance. Understanding the effects of ammonia on the intestinal microflora of broilers will be beneficial in making targeted decisions to minimize the negative effects of ammonia on broilers. Abstract In order to investigate the influence of ammonia on broiler intestinal microflora and growth performance of broiler chickens, 288 21-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers with a similar weight were randomly divided into four groups with different NH3 levels: 0 ppm, 15 ppm, 25 ppm, and 35 ppm. The growth performance of each group was recorded and analyzed. Additionally, 16s rRNA sequencing was performed on the cecal contents of the 0 ppm group and the 35 ppm group broilers. The results showed the following: a decrease in growth performance in broilers was observed after 35 ppm ammonia exposure for 7 days and 25 ppm ammonia exposure for 14 days. At phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria phylum was increased after 35 ppm ammonia exposure. At genus level, ammonia increased the relative abundance of Escherichia–Shigella and decreased the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus, Parasutterella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004. Negative correlation between Escherichia–Shigella and growth performance, and positive correlation between bacteria genera (including Butyricicoccus, Parasutterella, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-004) and growth performance was observed. In conclusion, ammonia exposure caused changes in the structure of cecal microflora, and several species were either positively or negatively correlated with growth performance. These findings will help enhance our understanding of the possible mechanism by which ammonia affect the growth of broilers.
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250
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Tang C, Kong L, Shan M, Lu Z, Lu Y. Protective and ameliorating effects of probiotics against diet-induced obesity: A review. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110490. [PMID: 34399486 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity is one of the major public health concerns all over the world, and obesity also contributes to the development of other chronic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty acid liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence shows that the pathogenesis of obesity and obesity-associated chronic diseases are closely related to dysregulation of lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, and oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, abnormal gut microbiome and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recently, in view of potential effects on lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and intestinal microbiome, as well as anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, natural probiotics, including live and dead probiotics, and probiotic components and metabolites, have attracted increasing attention and are considered as novel strategies for preventing and ameliorating obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Specifically, this review is presented on the anti-obesity effects of probiotics and underlying molecular mechanisms, which will provide a theoretical basis of anti-obesity probiotics for the development of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangyu Kong
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengyuan Shan
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoxin Lu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yingjian Lu
- College of Food Science & Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China.
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