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Giotis ES, Ross CS, Robey RC, Nohturfft A, Goodbourn S, Skinner MA. Constitutively elevated levels of SOCS1 suppress innate responses in DF-1 immortalised chicken fibroblast cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17485. [PMID: 29235573 PMCID: PMC5727488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spontaneously immortalised DF-1 cell line is rapidly replacing its progenitor primary chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) for studies on avian viruses such as avian influenza but no comprehensive study has as yet been reported comparing their innate immunity phenotypes. We conducted microarray analyses of DF-1 and CEFs, under both normal and stimulated conditions using chicken interferon-α (chIFN-α) and the attenuated infectious bursal disease virus vaccine strain PBG98. We found that DF-1 have an attenuated innate response compared to CEFs. Basal expression levels of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling 1 (chSOCS1), a negative regulator of cytokine signalling in mammals, are 16-fold higher in DF-1 than in CEFs. The chSOCS1 “SOCS box” domain (which in mammals, interacts with an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex) is not essential for the inhibition of cytokine-induced JAK/STAT signalling activation in DF-1. Overexpression of SOCS1 in chIFN-α-stimulated DF-1 led to a relative decrease in expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs; MX1 and IFIT5) and increased viral yield in response to PBG98 infection. Conversely, knockdown of SOCS1 enhanced induction of ISGs and reduced viral yield in chIFN-α-stimulated DF-1. Consequently, SOCS1 reduces induction of the IFN signalling pathway in chicken cells and can potentiate virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Giotis
- Section of Virology, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - C S Ross
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - R C Robey
- Section of Virology, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - A Nohturfft
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - S Goodbourn
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - M A Skinner
- Section of Virology, School of Medicine, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK.
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202
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Ghodke-Puranik Y, Dorschner JM, Vsetecka DM, Amin S, Makol A, Ernste F, Osborn T, Moder K, Chowdhary V, Eliopoulos E, Zervou MI, Goulielmos GN, Jensen MA, Niewold TB. Lupus-Associated Functional Polymorphism in PNP Causes Cell Cycle Abnormalities and Interferon Pathway Activation in Human Immune Cells. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:2328-2337. [PMID: 28859258 DOI: 10.1002/art.40304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is frequently characterized by activation of the type I interferon (IFN) pathway. We previously observed that a missense single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs1049564) in the purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) gene was associated with high levels of IFN in SLE. PNP is a key enzyme involved in purine metabolism. In this study, we performed functional follow-up of this polymorphism in human cells. METHODS Type I IFN was measured in patient sera, using a reporter cell assay. Structural modeling of the PNP variant was performed using PyMOL software. PNP messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels and type I IFN-induced gene expression were measured in lymphoblastoid cell lines with known PNP rs1049564 genotypes. The cell cycle was assayed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Structural modeling indicated no major disruption in folding related to rs1049564. We observed that homozygous rs1049564 TT lymphoblastoid cells had decreased PNP mRNA expression and protein levels, and that cells with the TT genotype had reduced PNP enzymatic activity even when the amount of PNP was controlled. Cells with the TT genotype had a 2-fold increase in S-phase block as compared with cells with the homozygous CC phenotype. The S-phase block could be pharmacologically reversed with hypoxanthine and adenosine, supporting the notion that relative PNP deficiency is the cause of the S-phase block. Type I IFN-induced transcripts were increased in a dose-response manner related to the rs1049564 T allele, at both baseline and after type I IFN stimulation. CONCLUSION The PNP rs1049564 T allele is a loss-of-function variant that induces S-phase block and IFN pathway activation in lymphocytes. The S-phase block could be rescued in our in vitro experiments, suggesting the potential for personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A Jensen
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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203
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Ilangumaran S, Williams BRG, Kalvakolanu DV. Meeting summary: 2nd Aegean Conference on Cytokine Signaling in Cancer. Cytokine 2017; 108:225-231. [PMID: 29102683 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and chemokines are intricately connected to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis as well as to innate and adaptive host defense mechanisms against transformed cells. The Aegean Conference on Cytokine Signaling in Cancer (ACCSC) aims to bring together researchers in this highly targeted area of cancer research in a lovely and relaxing Greek-Mediterranean backdrop to discuss latest developments. Being small in size with about one hundred participants, this conference fosters scientific and social interactions among established and emerging scientists in clinical and basic research in diverse fields of oncology, biochemistry, biophysics, genetics and immunology. The 2nd ACCSC held at Heraklion on the Greek island of Crete was organized by Serge Fuchs (University of Pennsylvania), Mathias Muller (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna), Leonidas Platanias (Northwestern University, Chicago) and Belinda Parker (La Trobe University, Melbourne) between May 30 and June 04, 2017, was a great success in every single aspect of a high level scientific meeting. Signaling within cancer cells as well as in stromal and immune cells is the common thread of this conference series. An outline of the research topics discussed at this conference is presented here to emphasize its high quality and to stimulate interest among cytokine researchers to participate in future ACCSC meetings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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204
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Hannibal TD, Schmidt-Christensen A, Nilsson J, Fransén-Pettersson N, Hansen L, Holmberg D. Deficiency in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I interferon signalling prevents diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Diabetologia 2017; 60:2033-2041. [PMID: 28660492 PMCID: PMC6448810 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4341-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Obesity is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance and is closely linked to the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes. In mouse models of diet-induced obesity (DIO) and type 2 diabetes, an increased fat intake results in adipose tissue expansion and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The innate immune system not only plays a crucial role in obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation but it is also proposed to play a role in modulating energy metabolism. However, little is known about how the modulation of metabolism by the immune system may promote increased adiposity in the early stages of increased dietary intake. Here we aimed to define the role of type I IFNs in DIO and insulin resistance. METHODS Mice lacking the receptor for IFN-α (IFNAR-/-) and deficient in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) (B6.E2-2 fl/fl .Itgax-cre) were fed a diet with a high fat content or normal chow. The mice were analysed in vivo and in vitro using cellular, biochemical and molecular approaches. RESULTS We found that the development of obesity was inhibited by an inability to respond to type I IFNs. Furthermore, the development of obesity and insulin resistance in this model was associated with pDC recruitment to the fatty tissues and liver of obese mice (a 4.3-fold and 2.7-fold increase, respectively). Finally, we demonstrated that the depletion of pDCs protects mice from DIO and from developing obesity-associated metabolic complications. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results provide genetic evidence that pDCs, via type I IFNs, regulate energy metabolism and promote the development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine D Hannibal
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, CRC, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anja Schmidt-Christensen
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, CRC, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, CRC, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nina Fransén-Pettersson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, CRC, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Hansen
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, CRC, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Biomedical Center, CRC, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Immunology & Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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205
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Silginer M, Nagy S, Happold C, Schneider H, Weller M, Roth P. Autocrine activation of the IFN signaling pathway may promote immune escape in glioblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2017; 19:1338-1349. [PMID: 28475775 PMCID: PMC5596176 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines typically induced upon viral infection but are constitutively expressed also in the absence of acute infection. The physiological role of autocrine and paracrine IFN signaling, however, remains poorly understood, and its function in glioblastoma has not been explored in depth. METHODS Using RNA interference-mediated gene silencing, we characterized constitutive type I IFN signaling and its role in human glioma cells. RESULTS We observed constitutive expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) and myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA), a classical IFN-response marker, in the absence of exogenous IFN-β. In vivo, we found higher MxA expression in gliomas than in normal tissue, suggesting that IFN signaling is constitutively active in these tumors. To demonstrate the presence of an autocrine type I IFN signaling loop in glioma cells in vitro, we first confirmed the expression of the type I alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR)1/2, and its ligands, IFN-α and IFN-β. Small interfering RNA-mediated receptor gene silencing resulted in reduced expression of MxA at mRNA and protein levels, as did gene silencing of the ligands, corroborating the hypothesis of an autocrine signaling loop in which type I IFNs induce intracellular signaling through IFNAR1/2. On a functional level, following IFNAR1 or IFNAR2 gene silencing, we observed reduced programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II expression as well as an enhanced susceptibility to natural killer immune cell lysis, suggesting that autocrine IFN signaling contributes to the immune evasion of glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings point to an important role of constitutive IFN signaling in glioma cells by modulating their interaction with the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Silginer
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland (M.S., S.N., C.H., H.S., M.W., P.R.)
| | - Sara Nagy
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland (M.S., S.N., C.H., H.S., M.W., P.R.)
| | - Caroline Happold
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland (M.S., S.N., C.H., H.S., M.W., P.R.)
| | - Hannah Schneider
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland (M.S., S.N., C.H., H.S., M.W., P.R.)
| | - Michael Weller
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland (M.S., S.N., C.H., H.S., M.W., P.R.)
| | - Patrick Roth
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Switzerland (M.S., S.N., C.H., H.S., M.W., P.R.)
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206
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Tanikawa N, Seno K, Kawahara-Miki R, Kimura K, Matsuyama S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Interferon Tau Regulates Cytokine Production and Cellular Function in Human Trophoblast Cell Line. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:456-466. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanikawa
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Kotomi Seno
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | | | - Koji Kimura
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- Animal Feeding and Management Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Japan
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207
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Purbey PK, Scumpia PO, Kim PJ, Tong AJ, Iwamoto KS, McBride WH, Smale ST. Defined Sensing Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways Contribute to the Global Inflammatory Gene Expression Output Elicited by Ionizing Radiation. Immunity 2017; 47:421-434.e3. [PMID: 28930658 PMCID: PMC5661954 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental insults are often detected by multiple sensors that activate diverse signaling pathways and transcriptional regulators, leading to a tailored transcriptional output. To understand how a tailored response is coordinated, we examined the inflammatory response elicited in mouse macrophages by ionizing radiation (IR). RNA-sequencing studies revealed that most radiation-induced genes were strongly dependent on only one of a small number of sensors and signaling pathways, notably the DNA damage-induced kinase ATM, which regulated many IR-response genes, including interferon response genes, via an atypical IRF1-dependent, STING-independent mechanism. Moreover, small, defined sets of genes activated by p53 and NRF2 accounted for the selective response to radiation in comparison to a microbial inducer of inflammation. Our findings reveal that genes comprising an environmental response are activated by defined sensing mechanisms with a high degree of selectivity, and they identify distinct components of the radiation response that might be susceptible to therapeutic perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat K Purbey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter J Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ann-Jay Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Keisuke S Iwamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen T Smale
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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208
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He C, Medley SC, Kim J, Sun C, Kwon HR, Sakashita H, Pincu Y, Yao L, Eppard D, Dai B, Berry WL, Griffin TM, Olson LE. STAT1 modulates tissue wasting or overgrowth downstream from PDGFRβ. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1666-1678. [PMID: 28924035 PMCID: PMC5647937 DOI: 10.1101/gad.300384.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, He et al. investigated how gain-of-function PDGFRβ mutations cause human disease, specifically whether PDGFRB mutations alone are responsible for genetic diseases characterized by musculoskeletal wasting or overgrowth. Using a genetic approach, their findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which STAT1 suppresses PDGFRβ-driven fibrosis and bone growth. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) acts through two conserved receptor tyrosine kinases: PDGFRα and PDGFRβ. Gain-of-function mutations in human PDGFRB have been linked recently to genetic diseases characterized by connective tissue wasting (Penttinen syndrome) or overgrowth (Kosaki overgrowth syndrome), but it is unclear whether PDGFRB mutations alone are responsible. Mice with constitutive PDGFRβ signaling caused by a kinase domain mutation (D849V) develop lethal autoinflammation. Here we used a genetic approach to investigate the mechanism of autoinflammation in Pdgfrb+/D849V mice and test the hypothesis that signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) mediates this phenotype. We show that Pdgfrb+/D849V mice with Stat1 knockout (Stat1−/−Pdgfrb+/D849V) are rescued from autoinflammation and have improved life span compared with Stat1+/−Pdgfrb+/D849V mice. Furthermore, PDGFRβ–STAT1 signaling suppresses PDGFRβ itself. Thus, Stat1−/−Pdgfrb+/D849V fibroblasts exhibit increased PDGFRβ signaling, and mice develop progressive overgrowth, a distinct phenotype from the wasting seen in Stat1+/−Pdgfrb+/D849V mice. Deletion of interferon receptors (Ifnar1 or Ifngr1) does not rescue wasting in Pdgfrb+/D849V mice, indicating that interferons are not required for autoinflammation. These results provide functional evidence that elevated PDGFRβ signaling causes tissue wasting or overgrowth reminiscent of human genetic syndromes and that the STAT1 pathway is a crucial modulator of this phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyong He
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shayna C Medley
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Jang Kim
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Chengyi Sun
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hae Ryong Kwon
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Hiromi Sakashita
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Yair Pincu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Longbiao Yao
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Danielle Eppard
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Bojie Dai
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Timothy M Griffin
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Lorin E Olson
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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209
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Gamage AM, Lee KO, Gan YH. Anti-Cancer Drug HMBA Acts as an Adjuvant during Intracellular Bacterial Infections by Inducing Type I IFN through STING. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2491-2502. [PMID: 28827286 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The anti-proliferative agent hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) belongs to a class of hybrid bipolar compounds developed more than 30 y ago for their ability to induce terminal differentiation of transformed cells. Recently, HMBA has also been shown to trigger HIV transcription from latently infected cells, via a CDK9/HMBA inducible protein-1 dependent process. However, the effect of HMBA on the immune response has not been explored. We observed that pretreatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with HMBA led to a markedly increased production of IL-12 and IFN-γ, but not of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 upon subsequent infection with Burkholderia pseudomallei and Salmonella enterica HMBA treatment was also associated with better intracellular bacterial control. HMBA significantly improved IL-12p70 production from CD14+ monocytes during infection partly via the induction of type I IFN in these cells, which primed an increased transcription of the p35 subunit of IL-12p70 during infection. HMBA also increased early type I IFN transcription in human monocytic and epithelial cell lines, but this was surprisingly independent of its previously reported effects on positive transcription elongation factor b and HMBA inducible protein-1. Instead, the effect of HMBA was downstream of a calcium influx, and required the pattern recognition receptor and adaptor STING but not cGAS. Our work therefore links the STING-IRF3 axis to enhanced IL-12 production and intracellular bacterial control in primary monocytes. This raises the possibility that HMBA or related small molecules may be explored as therapeutic adjuvants to improve disease outcomes during intracellular bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshamal Mihiranga Gamage
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; and
| | - Kok-Onn Lee
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Yunn-Hwen Gan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; and
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210
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Molony RD, Malawista A, Montgomery RR. Reduced dynamic range of antiviral innate immune responses in aging. Exp Gerontol 2017; 107:130-135. [PMID: 28822811 PMCID: PMC5815956 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide population aged ≥ 65 years is increasing and the average life span is expected to increase another 10 years by 2050. This extended lifespan is associated with a progressive decline in immune function and a paradoxical state of low-grade, chronic inflammation that may contribute to susceptibility to viral infection, and reduced responses to vaccination. Here we review the effects of aging on innate immune responses to viral pathogens including elements of recognition, signaling, and production of inflammatory mediators. We specifically focus on age-related changes in key pattern recognition receptor signaling pathways, converging on altered cytokine responses, including a notable impairment of antiviral interferon responses. We highlight an emergent change in innate immunity that arises during aging – the dampening of the dynamic range of responses to multiple sources of stimulation – which may underlie reduced efficiency of immune responses in aging. We review the effects of aging on innate antiviral immunity, including recognition, signaling, and cytokine responses. Lower Toll-like receptor expression leads to impaired signaling and responses upon activation of these sensors. Effects of aging on cytosolic nucleic acid sensing receptors and inflammasomes remains incompletely characterized. In aging the dynamic range of innate immunity is compressed, with increased basal activation of many signaling pathways. Interferon production is impaired with age, which may lead to the increased viral susceptibility of older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D Molony
- Departments of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Anna Malawista
- Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States; Human Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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211
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Gao L, Bird AK, Meednu N, Dauenhauer K, Liesveld J, Anolik J, Looney RJ. Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells From Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Have a Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype Mediated by a Mitochondrial Antiviral Signaling Protein-Interferon-β Feedback Loop. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1623-1635. [PMID: 28471483 PMCID: PMC5560120 DOI: 10.1002/art.40142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) create a special microenvironment for hematopoiesis and immunity and display robust immunomodulatory properties that are impaired in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study was undertaken to identify the mechanisms of defects in human SLE BM-MSCs. METHODS Patients fulfilling SLE classification criteria and healthy controls (n = 6 per group) were recruited according to an institutional review board-approved protocol. BM-MSCs were isolated with low-density Ficoll-Hypaque, verified by flow cytometry, and studied using immunocytochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, comet assay, β-galactosidase assay, and RNA interference. RESULTS SLE BM-MSCs had a senescent phenotype characterized by a reduced proliferation rate, increased production of reactive oxygen species, increased DNA damage and repair, increased expression of p53 and p16, which block the cell cycle, and altered cytokine production (increased proinflammatory cytokine production and decreased immunomodulatory cytokine production). Moreover, SLE BM-MSCs had a 5-fold increase in interferon-β (IFNβ) levels (P < 0.05 versus healthy controls) and increased IFNβ-induced messenger RNAs (mRNAs), including mRNA for the intracellular nucleic acid-sensing adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), whose expression was highly correlated with IFNβ levels (r > 0.9, P < 0.01). Since MAVS is known to induce IFNβ production, we hypothesized that there is a positive feedback loop between MAVS and IFNβ. Notably, silencing of MAVS markedly decreased IFNβ, p53, and p16 protein levels and expression of mRNAs for proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates a novel pathway for elevated IFNβ signaling in SLE that is not dependent on stimulation by immune complexes but rather is cell intrinsic and critically mediated by IFNβ and MAVS, implicating new pathways as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Anna K Bird
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Nida Meednu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Kristin Dauenhauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jane Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology/ James P Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Jennifer Anolik
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - R. John Looney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642
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212
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Bachmann M, Waibler Z, Pleli T, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. Type I Interferon Supports Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in Murine Hepatoma Cells and Hepatocytes and during Experimental Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Damage. Front Immunol 2017; 8:890. [PMID: 28824623 PMCID: PMC5534483 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine regulation of high-output nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is critically involved in inflammation biology and host defense. Herein, we set out to characterize the role of type I interferon (IFN) as potential regulator of hepatic iNOS in vitro and in vivo. In this regard, we identified in murine Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells a potent synergism between pro-inflammatory interleukin-β/tumor necrosis factor-α and immunoregulatory IFNβ as detected by analysis of iNOS expression and nitrite release. Upregulation of iNOS by IFNβ coincided with enhanced binding of signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 to a regulatory region at the murine iNOS promoter known to support target gene expression in response to this signaling pathway. Synergistic iNOS induction under the influence of IFNβ was confirmed in alternate murine Hepa56.1D hepatoma cells and primary hepatocytes. To assess iNOS regulation by type I IFN in vivo, murine acetaminophen (APAP)-induced sterile liver inflammation was investigated. In this model of acute liver injury, excessive necroinflammation drives iNOS expression in diverse liver cell types, among others hepatocytes. Herein, we demonstrate impaired iNOS expression in type I IFN receptor-deficient mice which associated with diminished APAP-induced liver damage. Data presented indicate a vital role of type I IFN within the inflamed liver for fine-tuning pathological processes such as overt iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zoe Waibler
- Junior Research Group "Novel Vaccination Strategies Early Immune Responses", Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pleli
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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213
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Sensing of HIV-1 Entry Triggers a Type I Interferon Response in Human Primary Macrophages. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00147-17. [PMID: 28490595 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00147-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Along with CD4+ T lymphocytes, macrophages are a major cellular source of HIV-1 replication and a potential viral reservoir. Following entry and reverse transcription in macrophages, cloaking of the viral cDNA by the HIV-1 capsid limits its cytosolic detection, enabling efficient replication. However, whether incoming HIV-1 particles are sensed by macrophages prior to reverse transcription remains unclear. Here, we show that HIV-1 triggers a broad expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISG) in monocyte-derived macrophages within a few hours after infection. This response does not require viral reverse transcription or the presence of HIV-1 RNA within particles, but viral fusion is essential. This response is elicited by viruses carrying different envelope proteins and thus different receptors to proceed for viral entry. Expression of ISG in response to viral entry requires TBK1 activity and type I IFNs signaling. Remarkably, the ISG response is transient but affects subsequent viral spread. Together, our results shed light on an early step of HIV-1 sensing by macrophages at the level of entry, which confers an early protection through type I IFN signaling and has potential implications in controlling the infection.IMPORTANCE HIV infection is restricted to T lymphocytes and macrophages. HIV-1-infected macrophages are found in many tissues of infected patients, even under antiretroviral therapy, and are considered a viral reservoir. How HIV-1 is detected and what type of responses are elicited upon sensing remain in great part elusive. The kinetics and localization of the production of cytokines such as interferons in response to HIV is of critical importance to understanding how the infection and the immune response are established. Our study provides evidence that macrophages can detect HIV-1 as soon as it enters the cell. Interestingly, this sensing is independent of the presence of viral nucleic acids within the particles but requires their fusion with the macrophages. This triggers a low interferon response, which activates an antiviral program protecting cells against further viral challenge and thus potentially limiting the spread of the infection.
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214
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Type-I interferon pathway in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: focus on Alzheimer's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:797-807. [PMID: 28676934 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Past research in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has largely been driven by the amyloid hypothesis; the accompanying neuroinflammation seen in AD has been assumed to be consequential and not disease modifying or causative. However, recent data from both clinical and preclinical studies have established that the immune-driven neuroinflammation contributes to AD pathology. Key evidence for the involvement of neuroinflammation in AD includes enhanced microglial and astroglial activation in the brains of AD patients, increased pro-inflammatory cytokine burden in AD brains, and epidemiological evidence that chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use prior to disease onset leads to a lower incidence of AD. Identifying critical mediators controlling this neuroinflammation will prove beneficial in developing anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of AD. The type-I interferons (IFNs) are pleiotropic cytokines that control pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and are master regulators of the innate immune response that impact on disorders of the central nervous system. This review provides evidence that the type-I IFNs play a critical role in the exacerbation of neuroinflammation and actively contribute to the progression of AD.
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215
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Li Y, Wilson HL, Kiss-Toth E. Regulating STING in health and disease. J Inflamm (Lond) 2017; 14:11. [PMID: 28596706 PMCID: PMC5463399 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-017-0159-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of cytosolic double-stranded DNA molecules can trigger multiple innate immune signalling pathways which converge on the activation of an ER-resident innate immune adaptor named "STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING)". STING has been found to mediate type I interferon response downstream of cyclic dinucleotides and a number of DNA and RNA inducing signalling pathway. In addition to its physiological function, a rapidly increasing body of literature highlights the role for STING in human disease where variants of the STING proteins, as well as dysregulated STING signalling, have been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases. This review will summarise the recent structural and functional findings of STING, and discuss how STING research has promoted the development of novel therapeutic approaches and experimental tools to improve treatment of tumour and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Infection; Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Heather L. Wilson
- Department of Infection; Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- Department of Infection; Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX UK
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216
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Morcos MNF, Schoedel KB, Hoppe A, Behrendt R, Basak O, Clevers HC, Roers A, Gerbaulet A. SCA-1 Expression Level Identifies Quiescent Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1472-1478. [PMID: 28506535 PMCID: PMC5469944 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood cell generation depends on continuous cellular output by the sequential hierarchy of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) and progenitor populations that all contain quiescent and actively cycling cells. Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) express the surface molecule Stem cell antigen 1 (SCA-1/LY6A). Using histone 2B-red fluorescent fusion protein label retention and cell-cycle reporter mice, we demonstrate that high SCA-1 expression (SCA-1hi) identifies not only quiescent HSCs but quiescent cells on all hierarchical levels within the lineage-SCA-1+KIT+ (LSK) population. Each transplanted SCA-1hi HSPC population also displayed self-renewal potential superior to that of the respective SCA-1lo population. SCA-1 expression is inducible by type I interferon (IFN). We show, however, that quiescence and high self-renewal capacity of cells with brighter SCA-1 expression at steady state were independent of type I IFN signaling. We conclude that SCA-1 expression levels can be used to prospectively isolate functionally heterogeneous HSPC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina N F Morcos
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristina B Schoedel
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Hoppe
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Onur Basak
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans C Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Princess Máxima Centre, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Gerbaulet
- Institute for Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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217
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Wang S, Sun X, Yi C, Zhang D, Lin X, Sun X, Chen H, Jin M. AGO2 Negatively Regulates Type I Interferon Signaling Pathway by Competition Binding IRF3 with CBP/p300. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:195. [PMID: 28589097 PMCID: PMC5438986 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection triggers a series of signaling cascades and host innate immune responses, including interferon (IFN) production, which depends on coordinated activity of multiple transcription factors. IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) and/or p300 are core factors that participate in transcriptional complex formation in the nucleus. In general, cells balance the production of IFNs through suppressive and stimulative mechanisms, but viral infections can disrupt such equilibrium. This study determined that H5N1 viral infection reduced the distribution of human argonaute 2 (AGO2) in A549 cell nucleus. AGO2 did not block phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and DNA binding ability of IRF3 but inhibited its association with CBP. Therefore, this newly revealed mechanism shows that cellular response leads to transfer of AGO2 from cell nucleus and promotes IFN-β expression to increase host survival during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Chenyang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig ProductionWuhan, China
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218
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Blank T, Prinz M. Type I interferon pathway in CNS homeostasis and neurological disorders. Glia 2017; 65:1397-1406. [PMID: 28519900 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs), IFN-α and IFN-β, represent the major effector cytokines of the host immune response against viruses and other intracellular pathogens. These cytokines are produced via activation of numerous pattern recognition receptors, including the Toll-like receptor signaling network, retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-1), melanoma differentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA-5) and interferon gamma-inducible protein-16 (IFI-16). Whilst the contribution of type I IFNs to peripheral immunity is well documented, they can also be produced by almost every cell in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, IFNs can reach the CNS from the periphery to modulate the function of not only microglia and astrocytes, but also neurons and oligodendrocytes, with major consequences for cognition and behavior. Given the pleiotropic nature of type I IFNs, it is critical to determine their exact cellular impact. Inappropriate upregulation of type I IFN signaling and interferon-stimulated gene expression have been linked to several CNS diseases termed "interferonopathies" including Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18)-deficiency. In contrast, in the CNS of mice with virus-induced neuroinflammation, type I IFNs can limit production of other cytokines to prevent potential damage associated with chronic cytokine expression. This capacity of type I IFNs could also explain the therapeutic benefits of exogenous type I IFN in chronic CNS autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. In this review we will highlight the importance of a well-balanced level of type I IFNs for healthy brain physiology, and to what extent dysregulation of this cytokine system can result in brain 'interferonopathies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Blank
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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219
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Sanz Bernardo B, Goodbourn S, Baron MD. Control of the induction of type I interferon by Peste des petits ruminants virus. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177300. [PMID: 28475628 PMCID: PMC5419582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a morbillivirus that produces clinical disease in goats and sheep. We have studied the induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) following infection of cultured cells with wild-type and vaccine strains of PPRV, and the effects of such infection with PPRV on the induction of IFN-β through both MDA-5 and RIG-I mediated pathways. Using both reporter assays and direct measurement of IFN-β mRNA, we have found that PPRV infection induces IFN-β only weakly and transiently, and the virus can actively block the induction of IFN-β. We have also generated mutant PPRV that lack expression of either of the viral accessory proteins (V&C) to characterize the role of these proteins in IFN-β induction during virus infection. Both PPRV_ΔV and PPRV_ΔC were defective in growth in cell culture, although in different ways. While the PPRV V protein bound to MDA-5 and, to a lesser extent, RIG-I, and over-expression of the V protein inhibited both IFN-β induction pathways, PPRV lacking V protein expression can still block IFN-β induction. In contrast, PPRV C bound to neither MDA-5 nor RIG-I, but PPRV lacking C protein expression lost the ability to block both MDA-5 and RIG-I mediated activation of IFN-β. These results shed new light on the inhibition of the induction of IFN-β by PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Goodbourn
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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220
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Hirsch I, Janovec V, Stranska R, Bendriss-Vermare N. Cross Talk between Inhibitory Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Activation Motif-Signaling and Toll-Like Receptor Pathways in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:394. [PMID: 28439271 PMCID: PMC5383719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The innate immune cells sense microbial infection and self-ligands by pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), such as toll-like receptors (TLRs) and regulatory receptors (RRs), associated with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM). Rapid activation and concerted action of PRRs signaling and feedback inhibitory mechanisms must be engaged to ensure the host defense functions and to prevent cytotoxicity associated with excessive activation. ITAM-associated RRs can generate stimulatory or, paradoxically, inhibitory signals. The network of ITAM-associated RR, together with TLR-signaling pathways, are responsible for immunogenic or tolerogenic responses of macrophages and dendritic cells to their microenvironment. In macrophages, TLR4 signaling is inhibited by low-avidity ligation of ITAM-associated receptors, while high-avidity ligation of ITAM-associated receptors results in potentiation of TLR4 signaling together with resistance to extracellular cytokine microenvironment signals. In contrast to macrophages, TLR7/9 signaling in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) is inhibited by high-avidity ligation of ITAM-associated RR, while low-avidity ligation does not show any effect. Surprisingly, interference of ITAM-associated receptor signaling with TLR pathways has not been reported in conventional dendritic cells. Here, we present an overview of molecular mechanisms acting at the crossroads of TLR and ITAM-signaling pathways and address the question of how the high-avidity engagement of the ITAM-associated receptors in pDCs inhibits TLR7/9 signaling. Cellular context and spatiotemporal engagement of ITAM- and TLR-signaling pathways are responsible for different outcomes of macrophage versus pDC activation. While the cross-regulation of cytokine and TLR signaling, together with antigen presentation, are the principal functions of ITAM-associated RR in macrophages, the major role of these receptors in pDCs seems to be related to inhibition of cytokine production and reestablishment of a tolerogenic state following pDC activation. Pharmacologic targeting of TLR and ITAM signaling could be an attractive new therapeutic approach for treatment of chronic infections, cancer, and autoimmune and inflammatory diseases related to pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Hirsch
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Cancer Research Center Marseille, INSERM U 1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vaclav Janovec
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular Genetics, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, ASCR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ruzena Stranska
- Cancer Research Center Marseille, INSERM U 1068, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Bendriss-Vermare
- INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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221
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Kazezian Z, Li Z, Alini M, Grad S, Pandit A. Injectable hyaluronic acid down-regulates interferon signaling molecules, IGFBP3 and IFIT3 in the bovine intervertebral disc. Acta Biomater 2017; 52:118-129. [PMID: 28003146 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain which is a major cause of disability for people aged between 20 and 50years imposes a serious socio-economic burden. The current focus of regenerative medicine is on identifying molecular markers to facilitate the design of targeted therapeutics. Previously, we have demonstrated that expression of the anti-proliferative interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 (IFIT3) and pro-apoptotic insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP3), are up-regulated as downstream targets of the inflammatory cytokine interferon α (IFNα) signaling pathway in the human annulus fibrosus (AF). Here, we hypothesised that injection of hyaluronic acid (HA) would have an anti-inflammatory and matrix modulatory effect on injured and IFNα2β inflamed bovine intervertebral discs (IVD). Discs with an AF defect and challenged with IFNα2β were used in a bovine IVD organ culture model to test the effect of HA on the IFNα2β pathway, as well as the matrix proteins aggrecan and collagen I. qRT-PCR was used to assess the gene expression of IFNα2β signaling molecules. Additionally, immunostaining was used to measure protein expression. Our results show that HA treatment significantly down-regulates IFNAR1, IFNAR2, STAT1/2, JAK1, IFIT3 and IGFBP3 mRNA expression in the inflamed groups. Protein analysis confirmed the PCR results. In the extracellular matrix, aggrecan and collagen I were up-regulated while ADAMTS4 was down-regulated upon treatment of the injured and inflamed discs with HA. Hence, HA demonstrates both an anti-inflammatory role, resulting in the down-regulation of IFIT3 and IGFBP3 in the AF, and a matrix modulatory effect by up-regulating aggrecan and collagen I expression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The pro-inflammatory environment of the degenerated IVD represents a challenge for regenerative therapies. The study demonstrates that hyaluronan acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule by down-regulating IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, the signaling molecules STAT1, STAT2, JAK1 and the downstream apoptotic targets IGFBP3 and IFIT3. We also demonstrated that hyaluronan modulates the disc matrix environment by increasing aggrecan and collagen I synthesis and down-regulating ADAMTS4 that degrades the matrix under inflammatory conditions. The significance of this work lies in the fact that hyaluronan acts as an anti-inflammatory molecule by shifting the disc environment towards a more anabolic state and by promoting native IVD matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepur Kazezian
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos 7270, Switzerland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Collaborative Research Partner Annulus Fibrosus Repair Program, AO Foundation, Davos 7270, Switzerland.
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222
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Abstract
The human gut is in constant complex interaction with the external environment. Although much is understood about the composition and function of the microbiota, much remains to be learnt about the mechanisms by which these organisms interact with the immune system in health and disease. Type 1 interferon (T1IFN), a ubiquitous and pleiotropic family of cytokines, is a critical mediator of the response to viral, bacterial, and other antigens sampled in the intestine. Although inflammation is enhanced in mouse model of colitis when T1IFN signaling is lost, the action of T1IFN is context specific and can be pro- or anti-inflammatory. In humans, T1IFN has been used to treat inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease but intestinal inflammation can also develop after the administration of T1IFN. Recent findings indicate that "tonic" or "endogenous" T1IFN, induced by signals from the commensal microbiota, modulates the local signaling environment to prime the intestinal mucosal immune system to determine later responses to pathogens and commensal organisms. This review will summarize the complex immunological effects of T1IFN and recent the role of T1IFN as a mediator between the microbiota and the mucosal immune system, highlighting human data wherever possible. It will discuss what we can learn from clinical experiences with T1IFN and how the T1IFN pathway may be manipulated in the future to maintain mucosal homeostasis.
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223
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Müller L, Aigner P, Stoiber D. Type I Interferons and Natural Killer Cell Regulation in Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:304. [PMID: 28408907 PMCID: PMC5374157 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to mediate antitumor effects against several tumor types and have therefore been commonly used in clinical anticancer treatment. However, how IFN signaling exerts its beneficial effects is only partially understood. The clinically relevant activity of type I IFNs has been mainly attributed to their role in tumor immune surveillance. Different mechanisms have been postulated to explain how type I IFNs stimulate the immune system. On the one hand, they modulate innate immune cell subsets such as natural killer (NK) cells. On the other hand, type I IFNs also influence adaptive immune responses. Here, we review evidence for the impact of type I IFNs on immune surveillance against cancer and highlight the role of NK cells therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Müller
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Aigner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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224
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Wei J, Ma Y, Wang L, Chi X, Yan R, Wang S, Li X, Chen X, Shao W, Chen JL. Alpha/beta interferon receptor deficiency in mice significantly enhances susceptibility of the animals to pseudorabies virus infection. Vet Microbiol 2017; 203:234-244. [PMID: 28619150 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus, one of the neurotropic viruses, can infect numerous mammals. In particular, pseudorabies virus infection of swine occurs worldwide, and is a major threat to swine industry. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction between pseudorabies virus and host innate immune system is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the involvement of interferon α/β (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR) in the pathogenesis of pseudorabies virus in a mouse model. The results showed that IFNAR-deficient (IFNAR-/-) mice were highly susceptible to the virus infection, as evidenced by markedly reduced survival rate of infected animals and increased viral replication. The expression of IFN-α/β and relevant interferon-stimulated genes in IFNAR-/- mice was significantly lower than that in wild-type (WT) littermates after the viral infection. Moreover, in response to the virus challenge, IFNAR-/- mice displayed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, and IFNAR-/- cells showed increased phosphorylation of STAT3. Collectively, these data reveal that the IFNAR-/- mice are more sensitive to pseudorabies virus infection than WT animals, and excessive IL-6/STAT3 response in IFNAR-/- mice may contribute to the pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that type I IFNs/IFNAR-dependent homeostatic control of the innate immunity is required for host defense against pseudorabies virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chi
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ruoxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenhan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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225
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IFN-τ Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation by Suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs Pathway Activation in Mice. Inflammation 2017; 39:1141-50. [PMID: 27052630 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
IFN-τ, which is a type I interferon with low cytotoxicity, is defined as a pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants. Type I interferons have been used as anti-inflammatory agents, but their side effects limit their clinical application. The present study aimed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of IFN-τ in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) model and in RAW264.7 cells and to confirm the mechanism of action involved. The methods used included histopathology, measuring the lung wet/dry ratio, determining the myeloperoxidase activity, ELISA, qPCR, and western blot. The results revealed that IFN-τ greatly ameliorated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Further analysis revealed that IFN-τ down-regulated the expression of TLR-2 and TLR-4 mRNA and the activity of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways both in a lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI model and in RAW264.7 cells. The results demonstrated that IFN-τ suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the phosphorylation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Thus, IFN-τ may be an optimal target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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226
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Li W, Hofer MJ, Songkhunawej P, Jung SR, Hancock D, Denyer G, Campbell IL. Type I interferon-regulated gene expression and signaling in murine mixed glial cells lacking signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 or 2 or interferon regulatory factor 9. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5845-5859. [PMID: 28213522 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-I) are critical in antimicrobial and antitumor defense. Although IFN-I signal via the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex consisting of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, IFN-I can mediate significant biological effects via ISGF3-independent pathways. For example, the absence of STAT1, STAT2, or IRF9 exacerbates neurological disease in transgenic mice with CNS production of IFN-I. Here we determined the role of IFN-I-driven, ISGF3-independent signaling in regulating global gene expression in STAT1-, STAT2-, or IRF9-deficient murine mixed glial cell cultures (MGCs). Compared with WT, the expression of IFN-α-stimulated genes (ISGs) was reduced in number and magnitude in MGCs that lacked STAT1, STAT2, or IRF9. There were significantly fewer ISGs in the absence of STAT1 or STAT2 versus in the absence of IRF9. The majority of ISGs regulated in the STAT1-, STAT2-, or IRF9-deficient MGCs individually were shared with WT. However, only a minor number of ISGs were common to WT and STAT1-, STAT2-, and IRF9-deficient MGCs. Whereas signal pathway activation in response to IFN-α was rapid and transient in WT MGCs, this was delayed and prolonged and correlated with increased numbers of ISGs expressed at 12 h versus 4 h of IFN-α exposure in all three IFN-I signaling-deficient MGCs. In conclusion, 1) IFN-I can mediate ISG expression in MGCs via ISGF3-independent signaling pathways but with reduced efficiency, with delayed and prolonged kinetics, and is more dependent on STAT1 and STAT2 than IRF9; and 2) signaling pathways not involving STAT1, STAT2, or IRF9 play a minor role only in mediating ISG expression in MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- From the School of Molecular Bioscience
| | - Markus J Hofer
- From the School of Molecular Bioscience.,Bosch Institute, and.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Iain L Campbell
- From the School of Molecular Bioscience, .,Bosch Institute, and.,Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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227
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Jiang K, Chen X, Zhao G, Wu H, Mi J, Qiu C, Peng X, Deng G. IFN-τ Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Endometritis in Mice Through the Suppression of NF-κB Pathway and MMP9 Expression. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2017; 37:81-89. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuying Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Mi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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228
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Majoros A, Platanitis E, Kernbauer-Hölzl E, Rosebrock F, Müller M, Decker T. Canonical and Non-Canonical Aspects of JAK-STAT Signaling: Lessons from Interferons for Cytokine Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:29. [PMID: 28184222 PMCID: PMC5266721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction mediates cytokine responses. Canonical signaling is based on STAT tyrosine phosphorylation by activated JAKs. Downstream of interferon (IFN) receptors, activated JAKs cause the formation of the transcription factors IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a heterotrimer of STAT1, STAT2 and interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) subunits, and gamma interferon-activated factor (GAF), a STAT1 homodimer. In recent years, several deviations from this paradigm were reported. These include kinase-independent JAK functions as well as extra- and intranuclear activities of U-STATs without phosphotyrosines. Additionally, transcriptional control by STAT complexes resembling neither GAF nor ISGF3 contributes to transcriptome changes in IFN-treated cells. Our review summarizes the contribution of non-canonical JAK-STAT signaling to the innate antimicrobial immunity imparted by IFN. Moreover, we touch upon functions of IFN pathway proteins beyond the IFN response. These include metabolic functions of IRF9 as well as the regulation of natural killer cell activity by kinase-dead TYK2 and different phosphorylation isoforms of STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Majoros
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ekaterini Platanitis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Kernbauer-Hölzl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Rosebrock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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229
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Choubey D, Panchanathan R. Absent in Melanoma 2 proteins in SLE. Clin Immunol 2017; 176:42-48. [PMID: 28062222 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-α/β)-inducible PYRIN and HIN domain-containing protein family includes Absent in Melanoma 2 (murine Aim2 and human AIM2), murine p202, and human PYRIN-only protein 3 (POP3). The generation of Aim2-deficient mice indicated that the Aim2 protein is essential for inflammasome activation, resulting in the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 and cell death by pyroptosis. Further, Aim2-deficiency also increased constitutive expression of the IFN-β and expression of the p202 protein. Notably, an increased expression of p202 protein in female mice associated with the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE in patients is characterized by a constitutive increase in serum levels of IFN-α and an increase in the expression IFN-stimulated genes. Recent studies indicate that p202 and POP3 proteins inhibit activation of the Aim2/AIM2 inflammasome and promote IFN-β expression. Therefore, we discuss the role of Aim2/AIM2 proteins in the suppression of type I IFNs production and lupus susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divaker Choubey
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States.
| | - Ravichandran Panchanathan
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, P. O. Box-670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States; Research Service, ML-151, Cincinnati VA Medical Center, 3200 Vine Street, Cincinnati, OH 45220, United States
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230
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GAS6 is a key homeostatic immunological regulator of host-commensal interactions in the oral mucosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E337-E346. [PMID: 28049839 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614926114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral epithelium contributes to innate immunity and oral mucosal homeostasis, which is critical for preventing local inflammation and the associated adverse systemic conditions. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the oral epithelium maintains homeostasis are poorly understood. Here, we studied the role of growth arrest specific 6 (GAS6), a ligand of the TYRO3-AXL-MERTK (TAM) receptor family, in regulating oral mucosal homeostasis. Expression of GAS6 was restricted to the outer layers of the oral epithelium. In contrast to protein S, the other TAM ligand, which was constitutively expressed postnatally, expression of GAS6 initiated only 3-4 wk after birth. Further analysis revealed that GAS6 expression was induced by the oral microbiota in a myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent fashion. Mice lacking GAS6 presented higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, elevated frequencies of neutrophils, and up-regulated activity of enzymes, generating reactive nitrogen species. We also found an imbalance in Th17/Treg ratio known to control tissue homeostasis, as Gas6-deficient dendritic cells preferentially secreted IL-6 and induced Th17 cells. As a result of this immunological shift, a significant microbial dysbiosis was observed in Gas6-/- mice, because anaerobic bacteria largely expanded by using inflammatory byproducts for anaerobic respiration. Using chimeric mice, we found a critical role for GAS6 in epithelial cells in maintaining oral homeostasis, whereas its absence in hematopoietic cells synergized the level of dysbiosis. We thus propose GAS6 as a key immunological regulator of host-commensal interactions in the oral epithelium.
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231
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Mizraji G, Nassar M, Segev H, Sharawi H, Eli-Berchoer L, Capucha T, Nir T, Tabib Y, Maimon A, Dishon S, Shapira L, Nussbaum G, Wilensky A, Hovav AH. Porphyromonas gingivalis Promotes Unrestrained Type I Interferon Production by Dysregulating TAM Signaling via MYD88 Degradation. Cell Rep 2017; 18:419-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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232
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Regulation of human intestinal T-cell responses by type 1 interferon-STAT1 signaling is disrupted in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:184-193. [PMID: 27220814 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 interferon (IFN-1) promotes regulatory T-cell function to suppress inflammation in the mouse intestine, but little is known about IFN-1 in the human gut. We therefore assessed the influence of IFN-1 on CD4+ T-cells isolated from human colon tissue obtained from healthy controls or patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Immunofluorescent imaging revealed constitutive expression of IFNβ in human intestinal tissue, and colonic T-cells were responsive to exogenous IFN-1 as assessed by phosphorylation of signal transduction and activator of transcription 1 (pSTAT1) and induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). Unlike their blood counterparts, intestinal T-cells from non-inflamed regions of IBD colon displayed enhanced responsiveness to IFN-1, increased frequency of pSTAT1+ cells, and greater induction of ISGs upon IFN-1 exposure in vitro. In healthy tissue, antibody neutralization of IFNβ selectively reduced T-cell production of the pro-regulatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) and increased IFNγ synthesis. In contrast, neutralization of IFNβ in IBD tissue cultures increased the frequency of T-cells producing inflammatory cytokines but did not alter IL-10 expression. These data support a role for endogenous IFN-1 as a context-dependent modulator of T-cell function that promotes regulatory activity in healthy human intestine, but indicate that the IFN-1/STAT1 pathway is dysregulated in inflammatory bowel disease.
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233
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Pylaeva E, Lang S, Jablonska J. The Essential Role of Type I Interferons in Differentiation and Activation of Tumor-Associated Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2016; 7:629. [PMID: 28066438 PMCID: PMC5174087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) were first characterized in the process of viral interference. However, since then, IFNs are found to be involved in a wide range of biological processes. In the mouse, type I IFNs comprise a large family of cytokines. At least 12 IFN-α and one IFN-β can be found and they all signal through the same receptor (IFNAR). A hierarchy of expression has been established for type I IFNs, where IFN-β is induced first and it activates in a paracrine and autocrine fashion a cascade of other type I IFNs. Besides its importance in the induction of the IFN cascade, IFN-β is also constitutively expressed in low amounts under normal non-inflammatory conditions, thus facilitating "primed" state of the immune system. In the context of cancer, type I IFNs show strong antitumor function as they play a key role in mounting antitumor immune responses through the modulation of neutrophil differentiation, activation, and migration. Owing to their plasticity, neutrophils play diverse roles during cancer development and metastasis since they possess both tumor-promoting (N2) and tumor-limiting (N1) properties. Notably, the differentiation into antitumor phenotype is strongly supported by type I IFNs. It could also be shown that these cytokines are critical for the suppression of neutrophil migration into tumor and metastasis site by regulating chemokine receptors, e.g., CXCR2 on these cells and by influencing their longevity. Type I IFNs limit the life span of neutrophils by influencing both, the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic apoptosis pathways. Such antitumor neutrophils efficiently suppress the pro-angiogenic factors expression, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metallopeptidase 9. This in turn restricts tumor vascularization and growth. Thus, type I IFNs appear to be the part of the natural tumor surveillance mechanism. Here we provide an up to date review of how type I IFNs influence the pro- and antitumor properties of neutrophils. Understanding these mechanisms is particularly important from a therapeutic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Pylaeva
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Stephan Lang
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology, University Hospital Essen , Essen , Germany
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234
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Capuccini B, Lin J, Talavera-López C, Khan SM, Sodenkamp J, Spaccapelo R, Langhorne J. Transcriptomic profiling of microglia reveals signatures of cell activation and immune response, during experimental cerebral malaria. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39258. [PMID: 27991544 PMCID: PMC5171943 DOI: 10.1038/srep39258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a pathology involving inflammation in the brain. There are many immune cell types activated during this process, but there is little information on the response of microglia, in this severe complication. We examined microglia by genome wide transcriptomic analysis in a model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM), in which C57BL/6 mice are infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Thousands of transcripts were differentially expressed in microglia at two different time points during infection. Proliferation of microglia was a dominant feature before the onset of ECM, and supporting this, we observed an increase in numbers of these cells in the brain. When cerebral malaria symptoms were manifest, genes involved in immune responses and chemokine production were upregulated, which were possibly driven by Type I Interferon. Consistent with this hypothesis, in vitro culture of a microglial cell line with Interferon-β, but not infected red blood cells, resulted in production of several of the chemokines shown to be upregulated in the gene expression analysis. It appears that these responses are associated with ECM, as microglia from mice infected with a mutant P. berghei parasite (ΔDPAP3), which does not cause ECM, did not show the same level of activation or proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jingwen Lin
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | | | - Shahid M. Khan
- Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Roberta Spaccapelo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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235
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Tarantino G, Esposito S, Andreozzi L, Bracci B, D'Errico F, Rigante D. Lung Involvement in Children with Hereditary Autoinflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122111. [PMID: 27983684 PMCID: PMC5187911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-lived systemic inflammatory reactions arising from disrupted rules in the innate immune system are the operating platforms of hereditary autoinflammatory disorders (HAIDs). Multiple organs may be involved and aseptic inflammation leading to disease-specific phenotypes defines most HAIDs. Lungs are infrequently involved in children with HAIDs: the most common pulmonary manifestation is pleuritis in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS), respectively caused by mutations in the MEFV and TNFRSF1A genes, while interstitial lung disease can be observed in STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI), caused by mutations in the TMEM173 gene. The specific pleuropulmonary diseases may range from sub-clinical abnormalities during inflammatory flares of FMF and TRAPS to a severe life-threatening disorder in children with SAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusyda Tarantino
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Andreozzi
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Benedetta Bracci
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca D'Errico
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donato Rigante
- Institute of Pediatrics, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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236
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Catarinella M, Monestiroli A, Escobar G, Fiocchi A, Tran NL, Aiolfi R, Marra P, Esposito A, Cipriani F, Aldrighetti L, Iannacone M, Naldini L, Guidotti LG, Sitia G. IFNα gene/cell therapy curbs colorectal cancer colonization of the liver by acting on the hepatic microenvironment. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:155-70. [PMID: 26769348 PMCID: PMC4734840 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) metastatic dissemination to the liver is one of the most life‐threatening malignancies in humans and represents the leading cause of CRC‐related mortality. Herein, we adopted a gene transfer strategy into mouse hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to generate immune‐competent mice in which TEMs—a subset of Tie2+ monocytes/macrophages found at peritumoral sites—express interferon‐alpha (IFNα), a pleiotropic cytokine with anti‐tumor effects. Utilizing this strategy in mouse models of CRC liver metastasis, we show that TEMs accumulate in the proximity of hepatic metastatic areas and that TEM‐mediated delivery of IFNα inhibits tumor growth when administered prior to metastasis challenge as well as on established hepatic lesions, improving overall survival. Further analyses unveiled that local delivery of IFNα does not inhibit homing but limits the early phases of hepatic CRC cell expansion by acting on the radio‐resistant hepatic microenvironment. TEM‐mediated IFNα expression was not associated with systemic side effects, hematopoietic toxicity, or inability to respond to a virus challenge. Along with the notion that TEMs were detected in the proximity of CRC metastases in human livers, these results raise the possibility to employ similar gene/cell therapies as tumor site‐specific drug‐delivery strategies in patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Catarinella
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Monestiroli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Escobar
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Angiogenesis and Tumor Targeting Research Unit and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Amleto Fiocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ngoc Lan Tran
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiolfi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marra
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cipriani
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Angiogenesis and Tumor Targeting Research Unit and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sitia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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237
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Hare D, Collins S, Cuddington B, Mossman K. The Importance of Physiologically Relevant Cell Lines for Studying Virus-Host Interactions. Viruses 2016; 8:v8110297. [PMID: 27809273 PMCID: PMC5127011 DOI: 10.3390/v8110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses interact intimately with the host cell at nearly every stage of replication, and the cell model that is chosen to study virus infection is critically important. Although primary cells reflect the phenotype of healthy cells in vivo better than cell lines, their limited lifespan makes experimental manipulation challenging. However, many tumor-derived and artificially immortalized cell lines have defects in induction of interferon-stimulated genes and other antiviral defenses. These defects can affect virus replication, especially when cells are infected at lower, more physiologically relevant, multiplicities of infection. Understanding the selective pressures and mechanisms underlying the loss of innate signaling pathways is helpful to choose immortalized cell lines without impaired antiviral defense. We describe the trials and tribulations we encountered while searching for an immortalized cell line with intact innate signaling, and how directed immortalization of primary cells avoids many of the pitfalls of spontaneous immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hare
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Str. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Susan Collins
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Str. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Breanne Cuddington
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Str. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Karen Mossman
- Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Str. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
- Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Str. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) are the most severe coronavirus (CoV)-associated diseases in humans. The causative agents, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are of zoonotic origin but may be transmitted to humans, causing severe and often fatal respiratory disease in their new host. The two coronaviruses are thought to encode an unusually large number of factors that allow them to thrive and replicate in the presence of efficient host defense mechanisms, especially the antiviral interferon system. Here, we review the recent progress in our understanding of the strategies that highly pathogenic coronaviruses employ to escape, dampen, or block the antiviral interferon response in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kindler
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - V Thiel
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - F Weber
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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239
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Mastrangeli R, Iozzino L, Lanzoni L, Angiuoni G, Ferrao C, Izzo A, Fiumi S, Camerini F, Mascia M, Palinsky W, Bierau H. Biological Functions of Interferon β-1a Are Enhanced By Deamidation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2016; 36:534-41. [DOI: 10.1089/jir.2016.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renato Mastrangeli
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Iozzino
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Lanzoni
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Angiuoni
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Ferrao
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Izzo
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Fiumi
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Camerini
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Mascia
- Analytical Development Biotech Products, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
| | - Wolf Palinsky
- Biotech Development Program, Merck Biopharma, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Aubonne, Switzerland
| | - Horst Bierau
- Biotech Development Program, CMC Sciences & Intelligence, Merck Serono SpA, an affiliate of Merck KgaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Rome, Italy
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240
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Buechler MB, Akilesh HM, Hamerman JA. Cutting Edge: Direct Sensing of TLR7 Ligands and Type I IFN by the Common Myeloid Progenitor Promotes mTOR/PI3K-Dependent Emergency Myelopoiesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2577-82. [PMID: 27566824 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
During infection, recognition of pathogens and inflammatory cytokines skews hematopoiesis toward myeloid development, although the precise mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. In this study, we show that accelerated myeloid differentiation, known as emergency myelopoiesis, involves recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by the common myeloid progenitor (CMP) and is dependent on type I IFN for monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Direct sensing of TLR agonists by CMP induced rapid proliferation and induction of myeloid-differentiation genes. Lack of type I IFN signaling in CMP abrogated macrophage differentiation in response to TLR stimuli, whereas exogenous type I IFN amplified this process. Mechanistically, TLR7 induced PI3K/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in CMP, which was enhanced by type I IFN, and this pathway was essential for emergency myelopoiesis. This work identifies a novel mechanism by which TLR and type I IFN synergize to promote monocyte/macrophage development from hematopoietic progenitors, a process critical in triggering rapid immune responses during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Buechler
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Holly M Akilesh
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Immunology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
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241
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Interferon Tau Affects Mouse Intestinal Microbiota and Expression of IL-17. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2839232. [PMID: 27610003 PMCID: PMC5005528 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2839232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to explore the effects of interferon tau (IFNT) on the intestinal microbiota and expression of interleukin 17 (IL-17) in the intestine of mice. IFNT supplementation increased microbial diversity in the jejunum and ileum but decreased microbial diversity in the feces. IFNT supplementation influenced the composition of the intestinal microbiota as follows: (1) decreasing the percentage of Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroidetes in the jejunum and ileum; (2) enhancing the percentage of Firmicutes but decreasing Bacteroidetes in the colon and feces; (3) decreasing Lactobacillus in the jejunum and ileum; (4) increasing the percentage of Blautia, Bacteroides, Alloprevotella, and Lactobacillus in the colon; and (5) increasing the percentage of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Allobaculum, while decreasing Blautia in the feces. Also, IFNT supplementation decreased the expression of IL-17 in the intestines of normal mice and of an intestinal pathogen infected mice. In conclusion, IFNT supplementation modulates the intestinal microbiota and intestinal IL-17 expression, indicating the applicability of IFNT to treat the intestinal diseases involving IL-17 expression and microbiota.
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242
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Utilization of different anti-viral mechanisms by mammalian embryonic stem cells and differentiated cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 95:17-23. [PMID: 27485807 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have received tremendous attention because of their potential applications in regenerative medicine. Over the past two decades, intensive research has not only led to the generation of various types of cells from ESCs that can be potentially used for the treatment of human diseases but also led to the formation of new concepts and breakthroughs that have significantly impacted our understanding of basic cell biology and developmental biology. Recent studies have revealed that ESCs and other types of pluripotent cells do not have a functional interferon (IFN)-based anti-viral mechanism, challenging the idea that the IFN system is developed as the central component of anti-viral innate immunity in all types of cells in vertebrates. This finding also provided important insight into a question that has been uncertain for a long time: whether or not the RNA interference (RNAi) anti-viral mechanism operates in mammalian cells. An emerging paradigm is that mammals may have adapted distinct anti-viral mechanisms at different stages of organismal development; the IFN-based system is mainly used by differentiated somatic cells, while the RNAi anti-viral mechanism may be used in ESCs. This paper discusses the molecular basis and biological implications for mammals to have different anti-viral mechanisms during development.
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243
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Kavrochorianou N, Markogiannaki M, Haralambous S. IFN-β differentially regulates the function of T cell subsets in MS and EAE. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 30:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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244
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Sang Y, Liu Q, Lee J, Ma W, McVey DS, Blecha F. Expansion of amphibian intronless interferons revises the paradigm for interferon evolution and functional diversity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29072. [PMID: 27356970 PMCID: PMC4928184 DOI: 10.1038/srep29072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines identified in vertebrates and evolutionary dominance of intronless IFN genes in amniotes is a signature event in IFN evolution. For the first time, we show that the emergence and expansion of intronless IFN genes is evident in amphibians, shown by 24–37 intronless IFN genes in each frog species. Amphibian IFNs represent a molecular complex more complicated than those in other vertebrate species, which revises the established model of IFN evolution to facilitate re-inspection of IFN molecular and functional diversity. We identified these intronless amphibian IFNs and their intron-containing progenitors, and functionally characterized constitutive and inductive expression and antimicrobial roles in infections caused by zoonotic pathogens, such as influenza viruses and Listeria monocytogenes. Amphibians, therefore, may serve as overlooked vectors/hosts for zoonotic pathogens, and the amphibian IFN system provides a model to study IFN evolution in molecular and functional diversity in coping with dramatic environmental changes during terrestrial adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Sang
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Jinhwa Lee
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
| | - Wenjun Ma
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA.,Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA.,Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Frank Blecha
- Departments of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, USA
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245
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Paludan SR. Innate Antiviral Defenses Independent of Inducible IFNα/β Production. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:588-596. [PMID: 27345728 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The type I interferons (IFNs) (IFNα and IFNβ) not only have potent antiviral activities, but also have pathological functions if produced at high levels or over a long time. Recent articles have described antiviral immune mechanisms that are activated in response to virus infection at epithelial surfaces independently of IFNα and IFNβ. This may allow the host to exert rapid local antiviral activity and only induce a full-blown, and potentially pathological, type I IFN response in situations where stronger protective immunity is needed. Here, I describe the emerging understanding of early antiviral defenses, which are independent of type I IFN responses, and also discuss how this enables tissues to exert rapid antiviral activities and to limit type I IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Research Center for Innate Immunology, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark.
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246
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Mostafavi S, Yoshida H, Moodley D, LeBoité H, Rothamel K, Raj T, Ye CJ, Chevrier N, Zhang SY, Feng T, Lee M, Casanova JL, Clark JD, Hegen M, Telliez JB, Hacohen N, De Jager PL, Regev A, Mathis D, Benoist C. Parsing the Interferon Transcriptional Network and Its Disease Associations. Cell 2016; 164:564-78. [PMID: 26824662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 interferon (IFN) is a key mediator of organismal responses to pathogens, eliciting prototypical "interferon signature genes" that encode antiviral and inflammatory mediators. For a global view of IFN signatures and regulatory pathways, we performed gene expression and chromatin analyses of the IFN-induced response across a range of immunocyte lineages. These distinguished ISGs by cell-type specificity, kinetics, and sensitivity to tonic IFN and revealed underlying changes in chromatin configuration. We combined 1,398 human and mouse datasets to computationally infer ISG modules and their regulators, validated by genetic analysis in both species. Some ISGs are controlled by Stat1/2 and Irf9 and the ISRE DNA motif, but others appeared dependent on non-canonical factors. This regulatory framework helped to interpret JAK1 blockade pharmacology, different clusters being affected under tonic or IFN-stimulated conditions, and the IFN signatures previously associated with human diseases, revealing unrecognized subtleties in disease footprints, as affected by human ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mostafavi
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Statistics and Department Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Hideyuki Yoshida
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Devapregasan Moodley
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hugo LeBoité
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katherine Rothamel
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Shen-Ying Zhang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ting Feng
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Nir Hacohen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Division of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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247
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Sorrentino R, Terlizzi M, Di Crescenzo VG, Popolo A, Pecoraro M, Perillo G, Galderisi A, Pinto A. Human lung cancer-derived immunosuppressive plasmacytoid dendritic cells release IL-1α in an AIM2 inflammasome-dependent manner. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 185:3115-24. [PMID: 26506473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) highly populate lung tumor masses and are strictly correlated to bad prognosis, yet their role in lung cancer is controversial. To understand their role in lung cancer, we isolated pDCs from human samples of lung obtained from non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Tumor masses presented a higher percentage of pDCs than healthy tissues; pDCs were in the immunosuppressive phenotype, as determined by higher levels of CD33 and PD-L1. Despite higher HLA-A and HLA-D expression, cancerous pDCs did not exert cytotoxic activity against tumor cells but instead promoted their proliferation. In this scenario, cancerous pDCs were able to produce high levels of IL-1α. This effect was observed on the specific activation of the inflammasome absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), which led to higher cytoplasmic calcium release responsible for calpain activation underlying IL-1α release. The blockade of type I interferon receptor and of AIM2 via the addition of LL-37 significantly reduced the release of IL-1α, which was still high after Nod-like receptor P3 inhibition via glibenclamide. More important, mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species sequester diminished AIM2-dependent IL-1α release. Our data demonstrate that lung tumor-associated pDCs are responsive to the activation of AIM2 that promotes calcium efflux and reactive oxygen species from mitochondria, leading to calpain activation and high levels of IL-1α, which facilitate tumor cell proliferation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ada Popolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Perillo
- Division of the Respiratory System, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Antonio Galderisi
- Division of Pneumological and Bronchial Endoscopy, A.O.U. San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aldo Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
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248
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Andzinski L, Spanier J, Kasnitz N, Kröger A, Jin L, Brinkmann MM, Kalinke U, Weiss S, Jablonska J, Lienenklaus S. Growing tumors induce a local STING dependent Type I IFN response in dendritic cells. Int J Cancer 2016; 139:1350-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Andzinski
- Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Julia Spanier
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School; Germany Hannover
| | - Nadine Kasnitz
- Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University; Magdeburg Germany
| | - Lei Jin
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College; Albany NY
| | - Melanie M. Brinkmann
- Viral Immune Modulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School; Germany Hannover
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Jadwiga Jablonska
- Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Translational Oncology, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen; Essen Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Molecular Immunology; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Braunschweig Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, Twincore, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School; Germany Hannover
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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249
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Flint SM, Jovanovic V, Teo BW, Mak A, Thumboo J, McKinney EF, Lee JC, MacAry P, Kemeny DM, Jayne DR, Fong KY, Lyons PA, Smith KG. Leucocyte subset-specific type 1 interferon signatures in SLE and other immune-mediated diseases. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000183. [PMID: 27252891 PMCID: PMC4879345 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 1 interferons (IFN-1) are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but most studies have only reported the effect of IFN-1 on mixed cell populations. We aimed to define modules of IFN-1-associated genes in purified leucocyte populations and use these as a basis for a detailed comparative analysis. Methods CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monocytes and neutrophils were purified from patients with SLE, other immune-mediated diseases and healthy volunteers and gene expression then determined by microarray. Modules of IFN-1-associated genes were defined using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The composition and expression of these modules was analysed. Results 1150 of 1288 IFN-1-associated genes were specific to myeloid subsets, compared with 11 genes unique to T cells. IFN-1 genes were more highly expressed in myeloid subsets compared with T cells. A subset of neutrophil samples from healthy volunteers (HV) and conditions not classically associated with IFN-1 signatures displayed increased IFN-1 gene expression, whereas upregulation of IFN-1-associated genes in T cells was restricted to SLE. Conclusions Given the broad upregulation of IFN-1 genes in neutrophils including in some HV, investigators reporting IFN-1 signatures on the basis of whole blood samples should be cautious about interpreting this as evidence of bona fide IFN-1-mediated pathology. Instead, specific upregulation of IFN-1-associated genes in T cells may be a useful biomarker and a further mechanism by which elevated IFN-1 contributes to autoimmunity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M Flint
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vojislav Jovanovic
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology Centre for Life Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Boon Wee Teo
- Department of Medicine , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Department of Medicine , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Eoin F McKinney
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul MacAry
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology Centre for Life Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - David M Kemeny
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology Centre for Life Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - David Rw Jayne
- Department of Medicine , The University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Kok Yong Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Gc Smith
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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250
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Late stages of T cell maturation in the thymus involve NF-κB and tonic type I interferon signaling. Nat Immunol 2016; 17:565-73. [PMID: 27043411 PMCID: PMC4837029 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positive selection occurs in the thymic cortex, but critical maturation events occur later in the medulla. Here we defined the precise stage at which T cells acquired competence to proliferate and emigrate. Transcriptome analysis of late gene changes suggested roles for the transcription factor NF-κB and interferon signaling. Mice lacking the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) kinase TAK1 underwent normal positive selection but exhibited a specific block in functional maturation. NF-κB signaling provided protection from death mediated by the cytokine TNF and was required for proliferation and emigration. The interferon signature was independent of NF-κB; however, thymocytes deficient in the interferon-α (IFN-α) receptor IFN-αR showed reduced expression of the transcription factor STAT1 and phenotypic abnormality but were able to proliferate. Thus, both NF-κB and tonic interferon signals are involved in the final maturation of thymocytes into naive T cells.
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