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Capsoni D, Guerra G, Puscalau C, Maraschi F, Bruni G, Monteforte F, Profumo A, Sturini M. Zinc Based Metal-Organic Frameworks as Ofloxacin Adsorbents in Polluted Waters: ZIF-8 vs. Zn 3(BTC) 2. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1433. [PMID: 33546512 PMCID: PMC7913664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two different zinc-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were investigated to remove one of the most used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, Ofloxacin (OFL), from polluted water. The most common zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) and the green Zn(II) and benzene-1,3,5-tri-carboxylate (Zn3(BTC)2) were prepared through a facile synthetic route and characterized by means of Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses. The two MOFs were compared in terms of both adsorption and kinetic aspects under real conditions (tap water, natural pH). Results showed that OFL was adsorbed in remarkable amounts, 95 ± 10 and 25.3 ± 0.8 mg g-1 on ZIF-8 and Zn3(BTC)2, respectively, following different mechanisms. Specifically, a Langmuir model well described the ZIF-8 profile, while for Zn3(BTC)2, cooperative adsorption occurred. Moreover the kinetic results were quite different, pseudo-second-order and sigmoidal, respectively. The suitability of ZIF-8 and Zn3(BTC)2 as adsorbent phases for water depollution was tested on tap water samples spiked with OFL 10 µg L-1. The obtained removal efficiencies, of 88% for ZIF-8 and 72% for Zn3(BTC)2, make these materials promising candidates for removing fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) from polluted waters, notwithstanding their limited reusability in tap water, as demonstrated by in-depth characterization of the two MOFs after usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doretta Capsoni
- C.S.G.I. (Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase) & Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.C.); (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Guerra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Constantin Puscalau
- C.S.G.I. (Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase) & Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.C.); (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
- The GlaxoSmithKline Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
| | - Federica Maraschi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanna Bruni
- C.S.G.I. (Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase) & Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.C.); (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesco Monteforte
- C.S.G.I. (Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande Interfase) & Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.C.); (C.P.); (G.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Antonella Profumo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Michela Sturini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (G.G.); (F.M.); (A.P.)
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202
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Ren Z, Romar H, Varila T, Xu X, Wang Z, Sillanpää M, Leiviskä T. Ibuprofen degradation using a Co-doped carbon matrix derived from peat as a peroxymonosulphate activator. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110564. [PMID: 33278473 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The wider presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products in nature is a major cause for concern in society. Among pharmaceuticals, the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen has commonly been found in aquatic and soil environments. We produced a Co-doped carbon matrix (Co-P 850) through the carbonization of Co2+ saturated peat and used it as a peroxymonosulphate activator to aid ibuprofen degradation. The properties of Co-P 850 were analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that Co/Fe oxides were generated and tightly embedded into the carbon matrix after carbonization. The degradation results indicated that high temperature and slightly acidic to neutral conditions (pH = 5 to 7.5) promoted ibuprofen degradation efficiency in the Co-P 850/peroxymonosulphate system. Analysis showed that approx. 52% and 75% of the dissolved organic carbon was removed after 2 h and 5 h of reaction time, respectively. Furthermore, the existence of chloride and bicarbonate had adverse effects on the degradation of ibuprofen. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed that SO4·-, ·OH and O2·- radicals together contributed to the high ibuprofen degradation efficiency. In addition, we identified 13 degradation intermediate compounds and an ibuprofen degradation pathway by mass spectrometry analysis and quantum computing. Based on the results and methods presented in this study, we propose a novel way for the synthesis of a Co-doped catalyst from spent NaOH-treated peat and the efficient catalytic degradation of ibuprofen from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongfei Ren
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Henrik Romar
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Varila
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Applied Chemistry, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, University of Jyvaskylä, P.O. Box 567, FI-67101, Kokkola, Finland
| | - Xing Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mika Sillanpää
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam; School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Tiina Leiviskä
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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203
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Pap S, Taggart MA, Shearer L, Li Y, Radovic S, Turk Sekulic M. Removal behaviour of NSAIDs from wastewater using a P-functionalised microporous carbon. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128439. [PMID: 33011477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF), naproxen (NPX) and ibuprofen (IBF) are three of the most commonly used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) worldwide. They are widely detected in natural waters due to their persistence in wastewater treatment, and their removal is desirable in future wastewater management worldwide. In this study, "acid catalyst" functionalisation and subsequent carbonisation were adopted to synthesise a P-doped microporous carbonous adsorbent (CScPA) for NSAID removal. The CScPA was evaluated in depth for its adsorption performance (i.e., isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption at lab-scale). The CScPA had a large surface area (791.1 m2/g) and good porosity (0.392 cm3/g), which facilitated a high maximum adsorption capacity of 62.02 mg/g for a NSAID mixture. Thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption of these NSAIDs was an endothermic process determined by physisorption (low-energy interactions). XPS analysis revealed the specific interactions involved in the adsorption process, including π-π and n-π electron donor-acceptor (EDA) interactions and hydrogen (H-) bonding. The Freundlich isotherm and Elovich kinetic model provided the best fit to the experimental results, which indicated surface heterogeneity (of the CScPA) and cooperative adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption process was shown to have potential to be applied to real wastewater effluent containing NSAIDs at low environmentally relevant concentrations (removal reached > 90% at 10 μg/L). Analysis of different implementation and cost related factors suggested that the CScPA has the potential for use with "real-world" water matrices, offering a sustainable treatment process for pharmaceutical remediation in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabolc Pap
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia; Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK.
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Lisa Shearer
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Yuan Li
- Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College, University of the Highlands and Islands, Castle Street, Thurso, Caithness, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Sanja Radovic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Maja Turk Sekulic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21 000, Novi Sad, Serbia
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204
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Takahashi M, Yada M, Morimoto K, Nemoto S, Akiyama H, Inoue K. Simultaneous determination of alachlor and its metabolites in beef muscle, liver, milk, and egg by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takahashi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga Japan
| | - Maito Yada
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga Japan
| | - Koji Morimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga Japan
| | - Satoru Nemoto
- National Institute of Health Sciences 3–25–26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki–ku Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- National Institute of Health Sciences 3–25–26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki–ku Kawasaki Kanagawa Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ritsumeikan University 1‐1‐1 Nojihigashi Kusatsu Shiga Japan
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205
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Murillo-Acevedo YS, Giraldo L, Poon PS, Matos J, Moreno-Piraján JC. The Cramer's rule for the parametrization of phenol and its hydroxylated byproducts: UV spectroscopy vs. high performance liquid chromatography. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6746-6757. [PMID: 33009618 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A linear algebra theorem like Cramer's rule was used for the analysis of a system of equations obtained from UV spectroscopy, and results were compared against those obtained from HPLC analysis. This parametrization allowed to quantify the concentration of the main intermediate products detected along the photodegradation of phenol under UV-Vis irradiation of TiO2. UV spectroscopy data for phenol, hydroquinone, and benzoquinone were analyzed using the Cramer's rule. The overlapping interference of the intermediate products in the UV spectra was corrected. It can be concluded that the Cramer's rule can be used for the parametrization of the UV absorbance data of phenol and its main intermediate products. This methodology permitted to obtain the concentration of phenol and their intermediate products by UV-visible with a high precision in comparison of HPLC. The parametrization showed a correlation coefficient of ca. 0.9775 between the phenol concentration obtained by UV spectroscopy and values obtained from HPLC analysis. In this sense, results can be considered with good precision, and accordingly, it can be concluded that the methodology is reliable, and UV-visible spectroscopy can be selected instead of HPLC in much of the experiments concerning with aqueous-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liliana Giraldo
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Po S Poon
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Barrio Universitario s/n, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Matos
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 8900000, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan C Moreno-Piraján
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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206
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Visible-light photocatalytic fuel cell with BiVO4/UiO-66/TiO2/Ti photoanode efficient degradation of Rhodamine B and stable generation of electricity. Chem Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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207
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Lava R, Calore F, Mazzola M, Moretto CG, Pretto U, Salmaso P, Bizzotto A, Carvutto R, Acerbi M, Tommasi J, Marcomini A. Groundwater contamination by fluorinated aromatics: Benzotrifluoride and its derivatives. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129029. [PMID: 33277002 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Benzotrifluoride (BTF) and its derivatives (BTFs) were found in the groundwater of the Veneto region (Italy) as a result of industrial contamination dating back to the 1970s. In the first survey, BTF and 6 BTFs were identified, out of which 4-chloro-3nitrobenzotrifluoride (3N4CBTF) was the only quantified analyte (concentration up to 1 mg L-1) and was used to trace the contamination plume. A survey carried out in 2008-2009 after the development of more suitable analytical procedures based on GC-MS, allowed to determine 4 new derivatives in addition to BTF and BTFs previously identified, with the most abundant compounds found at concentrations up to 11.9 μg L-1 and 7.2 μg L-1 respectively. A systematic monitoring program for the evaluation of persistence and distribution of fluorinated compounds was carried out in 2013-2018, and new data about the BTF and BTFs occurrence and distribution were gathered. Additional BTFs were identified and high concentrations of individual BTFs were recorded near the contamination source (e.g. 20.3 μg L-1 of 4-chloro-3-nitrobenzotrifluoride in 2017) as well as at large distance (e.g. 22.4 μg L-1 of 3N4CBTF and 12.5 μg L-1 of 4-chlorobenzotrifluoride in 2018). The results of BTFs monitoring campaigns carried out in 2008-2009 and 2017-2018 are compared and related to the historical data to assess the overall occurrence and distribution of BTFs contamination over a time range of ∼40 years. Remarkably, BTFs were still found (2018) at μg L-1 range. Spatial and temporal occurrence of BTF and BTFs in groundwater has been assessed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lava
- Veneto East Regional Laboratory Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Lissa 6, Mestre Venice, 30174, Italy; Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Francesco Calore
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre Venice, 30172, Italy
| | - Massimo Mazzola
- Regional Department for Safety of the Territory ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Zamenhof 353, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Carlo Giovanni Moretto
- Inland Water Observatory ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Rezzonico 41, Padua, 35131, Italy
| | - Ugo Pretto
- Provincial Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Zamenhof 353, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Paola Salmaso
- Provincial Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Zamenhof 353, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bizzotto
- Provincial Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Zamenhof 353, Vicenza, 36100, Italy
| | - Rosi Carvutto
- Veneto West Regional Laboratory Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Dominutti 8, Verona, 37135, Italy
| | - Mauro Acerbi
- Veneto West Regional Laboratory Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Dominutti 8, Verona, 37135, Italy
| | - Jgor Tommasi
- Veneto West Regional Laboratory Department ARPAV (Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency of Veneto Region), Via Dominutti 8, Verona, 37135, Italy
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari of Venice, Via Torino 155, Mestre Venice, 30172, Italy.
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208
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Martínez-Quintela M, Arias A, Alvarino T, Suarez S, Garrido JM, Omil F. Cometabolic removal of organic micropollutants by enriched nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidizing cultures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123450. [PMID: 32731114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The innovative and recently discovered n-damo process, based on anaerobic methane oxidation with nitrite, was developed in a membrane-based bioreactor and evaluated in terms of organic micropollutants (OMPs) removal. The main singularity of this study consisted in the evaluation of organic micropollutants (OMPs) removal in the biological reactor. A strategy consisting on progressively increasing the nitrogen loading rate in order to increase the specific denitrification activity was followed to check if the selected OMPs were co-metabolically biotransformed. Significant nitrite removal rate (24.1 mg N L-1 d-1) was achieved after only 30 days of operation. A maximum specific removal of 186.3 mg N gVSS-1 d-1 was obtained at the end of the operation, which is one of the highest previously reported. A successfully n-damo bacteria enrichment was achieved, being Candidatus Methylomirabilis the predominant bacteria during the whole operation attaining a maximum relative abundance of about 40 %. The natural hormones (E1 and E2) were completely removed in the bioreactor. The specific removal rates of erythromycin (ERY), fluoxetine (FLX), roxithromycin (ROX) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were successfully correlated with the specific nitrite removal rates, suggesting a co-metabolic biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Martínez-Quintela
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Adrián Arias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Alvarino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Galician Water Research Center Foundation (Cetaqua Galicia). Emprendia Building, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Suarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Garrido
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Francisco Omil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, E-15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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209
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Xu H, Zhu S, Xia M, Wang F. Rapid and efficient removal of diclofenac sodium from aqueous solution via ternary core-shell CS@PANI@LDH composite: Experimental and adsorption mechanism study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123815. [PMID: 33254805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The efficient removal of Diclofenac sodium (DCF), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has attracted more and more attention. In this work, ternary core-shell CS@PANI@LDH composite was synthesized via the in-situ growth of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide plates onto polyaniline-wrapped carbon sphere and applied for DCF removal. Various influence factors like concentration, pH, time, temperature, and background electrolytes were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was 618.16 mg/g. Besides, after 5 regeneration cycles, CS@PANI@LDH still retained high adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization analyses. Simultaneously, the Multiwfn program combined the Chimera program was applied to calculate and visualize the localized orbit locator (LOL) of π electrons in DCF- molecule, which explored the π electronic structure and conjugation characteristics of DCF- molecule. Moreover, the Independent Gradient Model (IGM) analysis based on pro-molecular density revealed the interaction sites and interaction strength between DCF and LDH. The adsorption mechanism could be explained through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding between LDH and DCF, π-π interaction between DCF and PANI. It was the synergistic effects of different interactions that improved the adsorption of DCF by CS@PANI@LDH composite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Sidi Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Mingzhu Xia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Fengyun Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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210
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Narain-Ford DM, Bartholomeus RP, Raterman BW, van Zaanen I, Ter Laak TL, van Wezel AP, Dekker SC. Shifting the imbalance: Intentional reuse of Dutch sewage effluent in sub-surface irrigation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142214. [PMID: 33207495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, agricultural irrigation currently accounts for 69% of freshwater withdrawal. Countries with a temperate climate, such as the Netherlands, experience periodic freshwater shortages in agriculture. The pressure on available freshwater will increase due to climate change and a growing demand for freshwater by e.g. industrial activities. Possible alternative water resources are considered in order to meet the current and future water demand. In this study we explore where, and how much, sewage treatment plant (STP) effluent can directly be reused in agricultural sub-surface irrigation (SSI) during an average and a dry season scenario, for all active (335) Dutch STPs. SSI systems may have a higher water demand as part of the STP effluent is transported with groundwater flow, although aboveground irrigation has a loss of water due to interception. Furthermore, such aboveground irrigation systems provide direct contact of crops with irrigation water. SSI systems provide a soil barrier which may function as a filter and buffer zone. In the Dutch situation, direct intentional reuse of STP effluent can fulfill up to 25% of croplands SSI water demand present within a five-kilometer transport buffer from the STPs during an average season and 17% during a dry season. Hereto, respectively, 78% and 84% of the total available Dutch STP effluent would be used. Thus, the intentional direct STP effluent reuse in agricultural SSI has the potential to satisfy a significant amount of the agricultural water demand at a national scale, presuming responsible reuse: safe applications for humans and environment and no limiting effects on water availability for other actors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique M Narain-Ford
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruud P Bartholomeus
- KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands; Soil Physics and Land Management, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thomas L Ter Laak
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Annemarie P van Wezel
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan C Dekker
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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211
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Valdés ME, Santos LHMLM, Rodríguez Castro MC, Giorgi A, Barceló D, Rodríguez-Mozaz S, Amé MV. Distribution of antibiotics in water, sediments and biofilm in an urban river (Córdoba, Argentina, LA). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116133. [PMID: 33316497 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the distribution of up to forty-three antibiotics and 4 metabolites residues in different environmental compartments of an urban river receiving both diffuse and point sources of pollution. This is the first study to assess the fate of different antibiotic families in water, biofilms and sediments simultaneously under a real urban river scenario. Solid phase extraction, bead-beating disruption and pressurized liquid extraction were applied for sample preparation of water, biofilm and sediment respectively, followed by the quantification of target antibiotics by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Twelve antibiotics belonging to eight chemical families were detected in Suquía River samples (67% positive samples). Sites downstream the WWTP discharge were the most polluted ones. Concentrations of positive samples ranged 0.003-0.29 µg L-1 in water (max. cephalexin), 2-652 µg kg-1d.w. in biofilm (max. ciprofloxacin) and 2-34 µg kg-1d.w. in sediment (max. ofloxacin). Fluoroquinolones, macrolides and trimethoprim were the most frequently detected antibiotics in the three compartments. However cephalexin was the prevalent antibiotic in water. Antibiotics exhibited preference for their accumulation from water into biofilms rather than in sediments (bioaccumulation factors > 1,000 L kg-1d.w. in biofilms, while pseudo-partition coefficients in sediments < 1,000 L kg-1d.w.). Downstream the WWTP there was an association of antibiotics levels in biofilms with ash-free dry weight, opposite to chlorophyll-a (indicative of heterotrophic communities). Cephalexin and clarithromycin in river water were found to pose high risk for the aquatic ecosystem, while ciprofloxacin presented high risk for development of antimicrobial resistance. This study contributes to the understanding of the fate and distribution of antibiotic pollution in urban rivers, reveals biofilm accumulation as an important environmental fate, and calls for attention to government authorities to manage identified highly risk antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eugenia Valdés
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI- CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende Esq. Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC-CONICET/UNC) and Dpto. de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Juan Filloy S/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lúcia H M L M Santos
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - M Carolina Rodríguez Castro
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET)- Programa de Ecología de Protistas y Hongos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Av. Constitución y Ruta Nacional N° 5, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adonis Giorgi
- Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES-CONICET)- Programa de Ecología de Protistas y Hongos, Dpto. de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Av. Constitución y Ruta Nacional N° 5, 6700, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damià Barceló
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), H(2)O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - M Valeria Amé
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI- CONICET) and Dpto. Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Medina Allende Esq. Haya de La Torre, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Development of novel BiOBr 0.75I 0.25 nanostructures with remarkably High dark phase bactericidal activities. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 199:111558. [PMID: 33445077 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Semiconductor materials with promising photocatalytic activities are being developed for numerous applications including their use in the development of antibacterial products. However, the light may not be available everywhere, which restrict the use of semiconductor photocatalytic materials in real applications. In this area, we report a novel nanostructure of BiOBr0.75I0.25 to show enormously high bactericidal activities even at dark. We used a solution based single step method at room temperature to produce highly porous and crystalline BiOBrxI1-x (x = 0-1) nanostructures. Next, the developed materials were thoroughly characterized by different analytical techniques, such as FESEM, XRD, XPS, etc. To evaluate the bactericidal activities Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive bacteria) were selected. Interestingly we found that the solid solutions exhibited high potential towards both the bacteria and among them, BiOBr0.75I0.25 showed extremely high efficiencies even at dark. Due to their semiconductor behavior, the materials have shown higher activities in the presence of any light source. The knowledge about the behavior of these unique materials revels a new area of research and would certainly help to find out the solution for ever-increasing environmental issues.
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213
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A Novel Fluorescence Tool for Monitoring Agricultural Industry Chain Based on AIEgens. Chem Res Chin Univ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-021-0401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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214
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Fate of Emerging Contaminants in High-Rate Activated Sludge Systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020400. [PMID: 33419173 PMCID: PMC7825564 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High-rate activated sludge (HRAS) systems are designed to shift the energy-intensive processes to energy-saving and sustainable technologies for wastewater treatment. The high food-to-microorganism (F/M) ratios and low solid retention times (SRTs) and hydraulic retention times (HRTs) applied in HRAS systems result in the maximization of organic matter diversion to the sludge which can produce large amounts of biogas during anaerobic digestion, thus moving toward energy-neutral (or positive) treatment processes. However, in addition to the energy optimization, the removal of emerging contaminants (ECs) is the new challenge in wastewater treatment. In the context of this study, the removal efficiencies and the fates of selected ECs (three endocrine disruptors (endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs))—nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosan, and four pharmaceuticals (PhACs)—ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac and ketoprofen) in HRAS systems have been studied. According to the results, EDCs occurred in raw wastewater and secondary sludge at higher concentrations compared to PhACs. In HRAS operating schemes, all compounds were poorly (<40%) to moderately (<60%) removed. Regarding removal mechanisms, biotransformation was found to be the dominant process for PhACs, while for EDCs sorption onto sludge is the most significant removal mechanism affecting their fates and their presence in excess sludge.
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215
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Proctor K, Petrie B, Lopardo L, Muñoz DC, Rice J, Barden R, Arnot T, Kasprzyk-Hordern B. Micropollutant fluxes in urban environment - A catchment perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123745. [PMID: 33113728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study provided a holistic understanding of the sources, fate and behaviour of 142 compounds of emerging concern (CECs) throughout a river catchment impacted by 5 major urban areas. Of the incoming 169.3 kg d-1 of CECs entering the WwTWs, 167.9 kg d-1 were present in the liquid phase of influent and 1.4 kg d-1 were present in the solid phase (solid particulate matter, SPM). Analysis of SPM was important to determine accurate loads of incoming antidepressants and antifungal compounds, which are primarily found in the solid phase. Furthermore, these classes and the plasticiser, bisphenol A (BPA) were the highest contributors to CEC load in digested solids. Population normalised loads showed little variation across the catchment at 154 ± 12 mg d-1 inhabitant-1 indicating that population size is the main driver of CECs in the studied catchment. Across the catchment 154.6 kg d-1 were removed from the liquid phase during treatment processes. CECs discharged into surface waters from individual WwTWs contributed between 0.19 kg d-1 at WwTW A to 7.3 kg d-1 at WwTW E, which correlated strongly with the respective contributing populations. Spatial and temporal variations of individual CECs and their respective classes were found in WwTW influent (both solid (influentSPM) and liquid phases (influentAQ)) throughout the catchment, showing that different urban areas impact the catchment in different ways, with key variables being lifestyle, use of over-the-counter pharmaceuticals and industrial activity. Understanding of both spatial and temporal variation of CECs at the catchment level helped to identify possible instances of direct disposal, as in the case of carbamazepine. Analysis of surface waters throughout the catchment showed increasing mass loads of CECs from upstream of WwTW A to downstream at WwTW D, showing clear individual contributions from WwTWs. Many CECs were ubiquitous throughout the river water in the catchment. Daily loads ranged from 0.005 g d-1 (ketamine, WwTW A) up to 1890.3 g d-1 (metformin, WwTW C) for the 84/138 CECs that were detected downstream of the WwTWs. For metformin this represents the equivalent of ∼1,890 tablets (1,000 mg per tablet) dissolved in the river water downstream of WwTW C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Proctor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Bruce Petrie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7JG, UK
| | - Luigi Lopardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Dolores Camacho Muñoz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Manchester Pharmacy School, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Jack Rice
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Tom Arnot
- Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; Water Innovation & Research Centre (WIRC), University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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216
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Emerging Contaminants: Analysis, Aquatic Compartments and Water Pollution. EMERGING CONTAMINANTS VOL. 1 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-69079-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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217
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Almeida Â, Esteves VI, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Effects of Carbamazepine in Bivalves: A Review. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 254:163-181. [PMID: 32926215 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is among the ten most frequent pharmaceuticals that occur in the aquatic systems, with known effects on inhabiting organisms, including bivalves. Bivalves are important species in coastal ecosystems, often exhibiting a dominant biomass within invertebrate communities. These organisms play a major role in the functioning of the ecosystem and particularly in food webs (as suspension-feeders) and represent a significant fraction of the fisheries resource. They also have strong interactions with the environment, water and sediment and are considered good bioindicator species. The present paper reviews the known literature on the impacts of CBZ in biological endpoints of marine bivalves exposed to environmentally and non-environmentally relevant concentrations, highlighting differences in terms of biological responses, associated with exposure period, concentrations tested, and species used. Overall, the literature available showed that CBZ induces individual and sub-individual effects in marine bivalves (adults and life stages) and the most common effect reported was the induction of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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218
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Li W, Shan R, Fan Y, Sun X. Effects of tall fescue biochar on the adsorption and desorption of atrazine in different types of soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4503-4514. [PMID: 32939657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10821-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The excessive application of atrazine in agriculture has resulted in serious environmental contamination. The addition of biochar could reduce the bioavailability and mobility of atrazine in soil through adsorption-desorption processes. In this study, tall fescue biochar was prepared at 500 °C, and its effect on the adsorption-desorption behavior of atrazine in red soil, brown soil, and black soil was investigated. The tall fescue biochar with the pH value of 9.64 had a developed porous structure and large specific area that contained abundant surface functional groups. The element composition of the tall fescue biochar was C (50.46%), O (15.01%), N (4.54%), H (2.56%), and S (1.47%). The adsorption process of atrazine in the three soil types with and without biochar addition was divided into a fast stage, slow stage, and equilibrium stage. A pseudo second-order kinetic model was suitable for fitting the adsorption process of atrazine, and the determination coefficient (R2) ranged from 0.985 to 0.999. The adsorption-desorption processes of atrazine were described accurately by the Freundlich model (R2 of 0.967-0.999). The adsorption capacity of the three soil types for atrazine increased significantly with the addition of biochar, whereby the equilibrium adsorption amount increased from an initial range of 3.968 to 5.902 μg g-1 to a final range of 21.397 to 21.968 μg g-1. The desorption of atrazine was also inhibited as the hysteresis coefficient (HI) increased from an initial range of 0.451 to 0.586 to a final range of 0.916 to 0.941. The adsorption capacity of the red soil improved more than did the brown soil or black soil. Moreover, spontaneous adsorption of atrazine by the biochar-soil system occurred more easily at 35 °C than at 15 °C and 25 °C. Overall, tall fescue biochar was a prospective soil amendment material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Li
- Key Laboratory of Nansihu Lake Wetland Ecological Conservation & Environmental Protection (Shandong Province), College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China
- Rizhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruifeng Shan
- Key Laboratory of Nansihu Lake Wetland Ecological Conservation & Environmental Protection (Shandong Province), College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China.
- Rizhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuna Fan
- Key Laboratory of Nansihu Lake Wetland Ecological Conservation & Environmental Protection (Shandong Province), College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China
- Rizhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nansihu Lake Wetland Ecological Conservation & Environmental Protection (Shandong Province), College of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China
- Rizhao Key Laboratory of Territory Spatial Planning and Ecological Construction, Rizhao, 276826, People's Republic of China
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219
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Bianco F, Race M, Papirio S, Oleszczuk P, Esposito G. The addition of biochar as a sustainable strategy for the remediation of PAH-contaminated sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128274. [PMID: 33297218 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of sediments by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been widely spread for years due to human activities, imposing the research and development of effective remediation technologies for achieving efficient treatment and reuse of sediments. In this context, the amendment of biochar in PAH-contaminated sediments has been lately proposed as an innovative and sustainable technology. This review provides detailed information about the mechanisms and impacts associated with the supplementation of biochar to sediments polluted by PAHs. The properties of biochar employed in these applications have been thoroughly examined. Sorption onto biochar is the main mechanism involved in PAH removal from sediments. Sorption efficiency can be significantly improved even in the presence of a low remediation time (i.e. 30 d) when a multi-PAH system is used and biochar is provided with a high dosage (i.e. by 5% in a mass ratio with the sediment) and a specific surface area of approximately 360 m2 g-1. The use of biochar results in a decrease (i.e. up to 20%) of the PAH degradation during bioaugmentation and phytoremediation of sediments, as a consequence of the reduction of PAH bioavailability and an increase of water and nutrient retention. In contrast, PAH degradation has been reported to increase up to 54% when nitrate is used as electron acceptor in low-temperature biochar-amended sediments. Finally, biochar is effective in co-application with Fe2+ for the persulfate degradation of PAHs (i.e. up to 80%), mainly when a high catalyst dose and an acidic pH are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bianco
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy.
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, Italy
| | - Stefano Papirio
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Napoli Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
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220
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Ejeta SY, Imae T. Photodegradation of pollutant pesticide by oxidized graphitic carbon nitride catalysts. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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221
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Zhao Z, Dou X, Luo J, Jin M, Qin J, Wang C, Yang S, Yang M. Magnetic particles encoding a suspension probe for ultra-sensitive and quantitative determination of atrazine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 195:113868. [PMID: 33406474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
As a highly toxic and widely used herbicide, atrazine poses a serious threat to food safety as well as overall environmental and human health. Due to complex matrix interference and the difficulty of signal enrichment, there is an urgent need for a convenient, fast, and ultrasensitive method that detects trace atrazine without concern for matrix effects. Here, we provide the first account of a sensitive and rapid suspension probe based on magnetic microspheres used to detect atrazine in herbs. The self-made magnetic beads featured -COOH groups and were used as the carrier to construct immunofluorescent probes. These probes then conjugated with the atrazine antigen through an activated ester method, ultimately binding to the antibody. Homogeneous detection was ensured using flow cytometry and the microflow optical channel along with allophycocyanin-conjugated goat-anti-mouse secondary antibody (APC-IgG-SecAb) as the fluorescent signal. The magnetic suspension probe allowed for high target enrichment and the inherent two-dimensional selective detection of flow cytometry effectively avoided any matrix interference. This method had good linearity across 1.69-23.19 ng mL-1. The IC50 and LOD values were 4.81 ng mL-1 and 0.95 ng mL-1, respectively; the sensitivity was increased three-fold relative to ELISA. After complete optimization, 2-N-morpholinoeth-anesulfonic acid was used as the coupling solution and maintained good mono-dispersity, stability, and reactivity for the labelled microspheres during the process. The entire experiment was simple, and effectively used reagents; moreover, both the labor required and detection time were greatly reduced. Critically, the strategy presented here greatly reduced interference from complex matrices, and saved preparation for matrix-matched solutions when different herbs were screened. Overall, this strategy was sensitive, rapid, eco-friendly, and labor-saving; collectively, these attributes make it well-suited for on-site screening of atrazine contamination and will allow for increased food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigao Zhao
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaowen Dou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Medical Laboratory of the Third affiliated hospital of Shenzhen university, Shenzhen, 518001, China
| | - Jiaoyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meiqi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiaan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Changjian Wang
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Shihai Yang
- Laboratory of Cultivation and Breeding of Medicinal Plants, National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Solid-phase extraction cartridges with multi-walled carbon nanotubes and effect of the oxygen functionalities on the recovery efficiency of organic micropollutants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22304. [PMID: 33339850 PMCID: PMC7749141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated as adsorbent materials inside solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges for extraction and preconcentration of 8 EU-relevant organic micropollutants (with different pKa and polarity) before chromatographic analysis of surface water. The recoveries obtained were > 60% for 5/8 target pollutants (acetamiprid, atrazine, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and isoproturon) using a low amount of this reusable adsorbent (50 mg) and an eco-friendly solvent (ethanol) for both conditioning and elution steps. The introduction of oxygenated surface groups in the carbon nanotubes by using a controlled HNO3 hydrothermal oxidation method, considerably improved the recoveries obtained for PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) and methiocarb, which was ascribed to the hydrogen bond adsorption mechanism, but decreased those observed for the pesticide acetamiprid and for two pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and diclofenac), suggesting π–π dispersive interactions. Moreover, a good correlation was found between the recovery obtained for methiocarb and the amount of oxygenated surface groups on functionalized MWCNTs, which was mainly attributed to the increase of phenols and carbonyl and quinone groups. Thus, the HNO3 hydrothermal oxidation method can be used to finely tune the surface chemistry (and texture) of MWCNTs according to the specific micropollutants to be extracted and quantified in real water samples.
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Aricov L, Leonties AR, Gîfu IC, Preda D, Raducan A, Anghel DF. Enhancement of laccase immobilization onto wet chitosan microspheres using an iterative protocol and its potential to remove micropollutants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 276:111326. [PMID: 32891981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on creating a new and effective immobilization method for Trametes versicolor laccase (Lc) by using chitosan (CS) microspheres activated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. The activation of the support alternated with immobilization of the enzyme, in repetitive procedures, led to obtaining three different products. Also, the physicochemical properties of the new products were investigated and compared with those of free laccase. The discoloration and reusability properties of the immobilized Lc were evaluated using indigo carmine (IC) as a model micropollutant. The ESEM and FT-IR methods demonstrated that the Lc was successfully immobilized. The relative reaction rate and the total amount of immobilized Lc were tripled using the iterative protocol as proved by specific and Bradford assays. The maximum amount of immobilized Lc was 8.4 mg Lc/g CS corresponding to the third immobilization procedure. Compared to the free Lc, the operational stability of the immobilized Lc was significantly improved, presenting a maximum activity plateau over a pH range of 3-5 and a temperature range of 25-50 °C. The thermal inactivation study at 55 °C proved that the immobilized enzyme is three times more stable than the free Lc. The isoconversional and Michaelis-Menten methods showed that the immobilization did not affect the enzyme catalytic properties. After 32 days of storage, the residual activities are 85% for the immobilized laccase and 40% for the free one. In similar conditions, the free and immobilized Lc (2.12 x 10-6 M) completely decolorized IC (7.15 x 10-5 M) within 14 min. The immobilized Lc activity remained almost constant (80%) during 10 reusability cycles. All these results highlight the substantial advantages of the new immobilization protocol and demonstrate that immobilized Lc can be used as a promising micropollutant removal from real wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Aricov
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Ruxandra Leonties
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ioana Catalina Gîfu
- Department of Polymer, National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry - ICECHIM, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Preda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bd. Elisabeta 4-12, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Raducan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bd. Elisabeta 4-12, 030018, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan-Florin Anghel
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry, Romanian Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 060021, Bucharest, Romania
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224
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Morawski FDM, Winiarski JP, de Campos CEM, Parize AL, Jost CL. Sensitive simultaneous voltammetric determination of the herbicides diuron and isoproturon at a platinum/chitosan bio-based sensing platform. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111181. [PMID: 32861008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenylurea herbicides are persistent contaminants, which leads their transport to the surface and ground waters, affecting human and aquatic organisms. Different analytical methods have been reported for the detection of phenylureas; however, several of them are expensive, time-consuming, and require complex pretreatment steps. Here, we show a simple method for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of two phenylurea herbicides by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) using a modified platinum/chitosan electrode. The one-step synthesized platinum/chitosan PtNPs/CS was successfully characterized by TEM, XRPD, and FT-IR, and applied through the sensing platform designated as PtNPs/CS/GCE. This bio-based modified electrode is proposed for the first time for the individual and/or simultaneous electrochemical detection of the phenylurea herbicides diuron and isoproturon compounds extensively used worldwide that present a very similar chemical structure. Electrochemical and interfacial characteristics of the modified electrode were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the oxidation mechanism of diuron and isoproturon occurs in two different pathways, with a peak-to-peak definition of ca. 0.15 V. Under differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV) optimized conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) was estimated as 7 μg L-1 for isoproturon and 20 μg L-1 for diuron (Ed = +0.8 V; td = 100 s). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of both analytes in river water samples, at three different levels, with a recovery range of 90-110%. The employment of the bio-based sensing platform PtNPs/CS/GCE allows a novel and easy analytical method to the multi-component phenylurea herbicides detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele de Matos Morawski
- ampere - Laboratório de Plataformas Eletroquímicas - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Winiarski
- ampere - Laboratório de Plataformas Eletroquímicas - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Luis Parize
- ampere - Laboratório de Plataformas Eletroquímicas - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luisa Jost
- ampere - Laboratório de Plataformas Eletroquímicas - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Química, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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225
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Pena-Pereira F, Bendicho C, Pavlović DM, Martín-Esteban A, Díaz-Álvarez M, Pan Y, Cooper J, Yang Z, Safarik I, Pospiskova K, Segundo MA, Psillakis E. Miniaturized analytical methods for determination of environmental contaminants of emerging concern - A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1158:238108. [PMID: 33863416 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The determination of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in environmental samples has become a challenging and critical issue. The present work focuses on miniaturized analytical strategies reported in the literature for the determination of CECs. The first part of the review provides brief overview of CECs whose monitoring in environmental samples is of particular significance, namely personal care products, pharmaceuticals, endocrine disruptors, UV-filters, newly registered pesticides, illicit drugs, disinfection by-products, surfactants, high technology rare earth elements, and engineered nanomaterials. Besides, an overview of downsized sample preparation approaches reported in the literature for the determination of CECs in environmental samples is provided. Particularly, analytical methodologies involving microextraction approaches used for the enrichment of CECs are discussed. Both solid phase- and liquid phase-based microextraction techniques are highlighted devoting special attention to recently reported approaches. Special emphasis is placed on newly developed materials used for extraction purposes in microextraction techniques. In addition, recent contributions involving miniaturized analytical flow techniques for the determination of CECs are discussed. Besides, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of point of need and portable devices have been identified and critically compared with chromatographic methods coupled to mass chromatography. Finally, challenging aspects regarding miniaturized analytical methods for determination of CECs are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pena-Pereira
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Carlos Bendicho
- Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Analítica e Alimentaria, Grupo QA2, Edificio CC Experimentais, Campus de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Dragana Mutavdžić Pavlović
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Marulićev Trg 19, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Martín-Esteban
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | - Myriam Díaz-Álvarez
- Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía, INIA, Carretera de A Coruña Km 7.5, Madrid, E-28040, Spain
| | - Yuwei Pan
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom; School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Cooper
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhugen Yang
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Safarik
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Magnetism, Institute of Experimental Physics, SAS, Watsonova 47, 040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Kristyna Pospiskova
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Biology Centre, ISB, CAS, Na Sadkach 7, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic; Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela A Segundo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elefteria Psillakis
- Laboratory of Aquatic Chemistry, School of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnioupolis, Technical University of Crete, GR-73100, Chania, Crete, Greece
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226
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Satyanarayana G, Du J, Asati A, Pandey AK, Kumar A, Sharma MT, Mudiam MKR. Estimation of measurement uncertainty for the quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical residues in river water using solid-phase extraction coupled with injector port silylation-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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227
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Revisiting nitrogen utilization in algae: A review on the process of regulation and assimilation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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228
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Nanomaterial-based fluorescent biosensors for monitoring environmental pollutants: A critical review. TALANTA OPEN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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229
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Du B, Fan G, Yu W, Yang S, Zhou J, Luo J. Occurrence and risk assessment of steroid estrogens in environmental water samples: A five-year worldwide perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115405. [PMID: 33618485 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous occurrence of steroid estrogens (SEs) in the aquatic environment has raised global concern for their potential environmental impacts. This paper extensively compiled and reviewed the available occurrence data of SEs, namely estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), based on 145 published articles in different regions all over the world including 51 countries and regions during January 2015-March 2020. The data regarding SEs concentrations and estimated 17β-estradiol equivalency (EEQ) values are then compared and analyzed in different environmental matrices, including natural water body, drinking and tap water, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) effluent. The detection frequencies of E1, 17β-E2, and E3 between the ranges of 53%-83% in natural water and WWTPs effluent, and the concentration of SEs varied considerably in different countries and regions. The applicability for EEQ estimation via multiplying relative effect potency (REPi) by chemical analytical data, as well as correlation between EEQbio and EEQcal was also discussed. The risk quotient (RQ) values were on the descending order of EE2 > 17β-E2 > E1 > 17α-E2 > E3 in the great majority of investigations. Furthermore, E1, 17β-E2, and EE2 exhibited high or medium risks in water environmental samples via optimized risk quotient (RQf) approach at the continental-scale. This overview provides the latest insights on the global occurrence and ecological impacts of SEs and may act as a supportive tool for future SEs investigation and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banghao Du
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Storage Materials, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fujian, China.
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, 400074, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350116, Fujian, China
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230
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Montagna MT, De Giglio O, Calia C, Pousis C, Triggiano F, Murgolo S, De Ceglie C, Bagordo F, Apollonio F, Diella G, Narracci M, Acquaviva MI, Ferraro GB, Mancini P, Veneri C, Brigida S, Grassi T, De Donno A, Di Iaconi C, Caputo MC, Cavallo RA, La Rosa G, Mascolo G. Microbiological and Chemical Assessment of Wastewater Discharged by Infiltration Trenches in Fractured and Karstified Limestone (SCA.Re.S. Project 2019-2020). Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9121010. [PMID: 33266323 PMCID: PMC7759865 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9121010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the environmental contamination of groundwater as a consequence of the discharge of treated wastewater into the soil. The investigation focused on a wastewater treatment plant located in an area fractured by karst in the Salento peninsula (Apulia, Italy). Water samples were collected at four sites (raw wastewater, treated wastewater, infiltration trench, and monitoring well), monthly from May to December 2019 (with the exception of August), and were tested for (1) panel of bacteria; (2) enteric viruses; and (3) chemical substances. A gradual reduction in the concentration of bacteria, viruses and contaminants of emerging concern was observed across the profile of soil fissured by karst. All monitored bacteria were absent from the monitoring well, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pepper mild mottle virus and adenovirus were detected at all sampling sites. Personal care products and X-ray contrast media showed the greatest decrease in concentration from infiltration trench to the monitoring well, while the highest residual concentrations in the monitoring well were found for anticonvulsants (78.5%), antimicrobials (41.3%), and antipsychotic drugs (38.6%). Our results show that parameters provided by current law may not always be sufficient to evaluate the sanitary risk relating to the discharge of treated wastewater to the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Montagna
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Osvalda De Giglio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-080-5478476
| | - Carla Calia
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Chrysovalentinos Pousis
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Francesco Triggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Sapia Murgolo
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.D.C.); (S.B.); (C.D.I.); (M.C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Cristina De Ceglie
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.D.C.); (S.B.); (C.D.I.); (M.C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (T.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Francesca Apollonio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Giusy Diella
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.T.M.); (C.C.); (C.P.); (F.T.); (F.A.); (G.D.)
| | - Marcella Narracci
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), S.S. di Taranto, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy; (M.N.); (M.I.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Maria Immacolata Acquaviva
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), S.S. di Taranto, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy; (M.N.); (M.I.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Giusy Bonanno Ferraro
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Pamela Mancini
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Carolina Veneri
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Silvia Brigida
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.D.C.); (S.B.); (C.D.I.); (M.C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (T.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Laboratory of Hygiene, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via Monteroni, 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.B.); (T.G.); (A.D.D.)
| | - Claudio Di Iaconi
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.D.C.); (S.B.); (C.D.I.); (M.C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria Clementina Caputo
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.D.C.); (S.B.); (C.D.I.); (M.C.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosa Anna Cavallo
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), S.S. di Taranto, via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy; (M.N.); (M.I.A.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Giuseppina La Rosa
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.B.F.); (P.M.); (C.V.); (G.L.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Mascolo
- National Research Council (CNR), Water Research Institute (IRSA), via F. De Blasio, 5, 70132 Bari, Italy; (S.M.); (C.D.C.); (S.B.); (C.D.I.); (M.C.C.); (G.M.)
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231
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Aulestia M, Flores A, Mangas EL, Pérez-Pulido AJ, Santero E, Camacho EM. Isolation and genomic characterization of the ibuprofen-degrading bacterium Sphingomonas strain MPO218. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:267-280. [PMID: 33169907 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical compounds in waters and soils is of particular concern because these compounds can be biologically active, even at environmental concentrations. Most pharmaceutical contaminants result from inefficient removal of these compounds during wastewater treatment. Although microorganisms able to biodegrade pharmaceuticals compounds have been described, the isolation and characterization of new bacterial strains capable of degrading drugs remain important to improve the removal of this pollutant. In this work, we describe the Sphingomonas wittichii strain MPO218 as able to use ibuprofen as the sole carbon and energy source. The genome of MPO218 consists of a circular chromosome and two circular plasmids. Our analysis shows that the largest plasmid, named pIBU218, is conjugative and can horizontally transfer the capability of growing on ibuprofen after conjugation with another related bacterium, Sphingopyxis granuli TFA. This plasmid appears to be unstable since it undergoes different deletions in absence of selection when growth on ibuprofen is not selected. This is the first described example of a natural and conjugative plasmid that enables growth on ibuprofen and is another example of how horizontal gene transfer plays a crucial role in the evolution of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaly Aulestia
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Amando Flores
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Eugenio L Mangas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J Pérez-Pulido
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Eduardo Santero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Eva M Camacho
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Bioquímica, Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo/CSIC/Universidad Pablo de Olavide/Junta de Andalucía, Seville, Spain
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232
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Gikas GD, Sylaios GK, Tsihrintzis VA, Konstantinou IK, Albanis T, Boskidis I. Comparative evaluation of river chemical status based on WFD methodology and CCME water quality index. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140849. [PMID: 32731066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) methodology, proposed by the Ministry of Environment and Energy of Greece (WFD-MEEG), and the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) are comparatively applied to evaluate the chemical status of a major transboundary river. Water quality parameters were monitored at 11 sites along the main stream of the river and its main tributaries, and at five sites in the reservoirs, on a monthly frequency, in the period from May 2008 to May 2009. Water temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were measured in-situ, while water samples were collected for the determination of total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite-, nitrate- and ammonium-nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), ortho-phosphates (OP), total phosphorus (TP), and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a). The water samples were also analyzed for the determination of seven heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cr, Cu, Zn) and 33 priority substances, as listed in Annex II of EU Directive 2008/105/EC. The results showed that the physicochemical parameters (i.e., T, DO, pH, EC, inorganic nitrogen, TKN, OP, TP, TSS, and Chl-a) were within the natural range. The mean concentration of the measured heavy metals did not exceed the limits set by WHO (2003, 2017) for drinking water. Regarding the priority substances, some of them (i.e., anthracene, fluoranthene, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) were measured in various stations at higher concentrations than the Annual Average Environmental Quality Standards (AA-EQS). Based on the WFD-MEEG methodology, the river water was in the 'good' quality class, while according to CCME-WQI the river quality ranged from 'marginal' to 'good' category. It seems that CCME-WQI is stricter than WFD-MEEG but could be a WQI appropriate for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Gikas
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece.
| | - G K Sylaios
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece.
| | - V A Tsihrintzis
- Centre for the Assessment of Natural Hazards and Proactive Planning & Laboratory of Reclamation Works and Water Resources Management, Department of Infrastructure and Rural Development, School of Rural and Surveying Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - I K Konstantinou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - T Albanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - I Boskidis
- Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
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233
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Potential for the Biodegradation of Atrazine Using Leaf Litter Fungi from a Subtropical Protection Area. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:358-368. [PMID: 33230622 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The intense use of pesticides in agricultural activities for the last several decades has caused contamination of the ecosystems connected with crop fields. Despite the well-documented occurrence of pesticide biodegradation by microbes, natural attenuation of atrazine (ATZ), and its effects on ecological processes in subtropical forested areas, such as Iguaçu National Park located in Brazil, has been poorly investigated. Subtropical environments sustain a great degree of fungal biodiversity, and the patterns and roles of these organisms should be better understood. This work aimed to evaluate nine ligninolytic-producer fungi isolated from the INP edge to degrade and detoxify ATZ solutions. ATZ degradation and the main metabolites produced, including deisopropylatrazine and deethylatrazine (DEA), were analyzed using dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. Four fungi were able to degrade ATZ to DEA, and the other five showed potential to grow and facilitate ATZ biodegradation. Furthermore, two strains of Fusarium spp. showed an enhanced potential for detoxification according to the Allium cepa (onion) test. Although the isolates produced ligninolytic enzymes, no ligninolytic activity was observed in the biodegradation of ATZ, a feature with ecological significance. In conclusion, Ascomycota fungi from the INP edge can degrade and detoxify ATZ in solution. Increasing the knowledge of biodiversity in subtropical protected areas, such as ecosystem services provided by microbes, enhances ecosystem conservation.
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234
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Hong M, Wang Y, Lu G. UV-Fenton degradation of diclofenac, sulpiride, sulfamethoxazole and sulfisomidine: Degradation mechanisms, transformation products, toxicity evolution and effect of real water matrix. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 258:127351. [PMID: 32563068 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four common refractory pharmaceuticals, diclofenac (DF), sulpiride (SP), sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and sulfisomidine (SIM) were detected in the Disc Tubular Reverse Osmosis (DTRO) concentrates with higher concentrations ranging from 0.85 to 11.57 μg/L from the local landfill. The effect of complex matrix of DTRO concentrates on the UV-Fenton degradation kinetics of DF, SP, SMX and SIM and their transformation products (TPs) were studied. All the four pharmaceuticals could be degraded more efficiently in the ultrapure water than that in the DTRO-concentrate matrix, which also had a significant negative effect on the kinetic constants of the degradation. Twenty-two out of forty-nine TPs were newly identified by HPLC-QTOF-MS and their peak-area evolution was presented. The main degradation pathways for four pharmaceuticals were identified. When assessing cytotoxicity by using HepG2 cells, there appeared to be an obvious toxicity-increase region for each of SP, SMX and SIM. Eleven TPs were identified as the potential toxicity-increase causing TPs by combination of the QSAR prediction, HepG2 cytotoxicity assessment and peak-area evolution of TPs. Therefore, UV-Fenton process was a promising method for the refractory pharmaceutical degradation even in the complex water matrix and choosing appropriate reaction parameters for the UV-Fenton could eliminate the cytotoxicity of the TPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mianwei Hong
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Gang Lu
- School of Environment, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
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235
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Ferreira M, Kuzniarska-Biernacka I, Fonseca AM, Neves IC, Soares OS, Pereira MF, Figueiredo JL, Parpot P. Electrochemical oxidation of amoxicillin on carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube supported metal modified electrodes. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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236
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Monitoring of phenols in natural waters and bottom sediments: preconcentration on a magnetic sorbent, GC–MS analysis, and weather observations. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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237
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Liu T, Yan F, Jia Q, Wang Q. Norm index-based QSAR models for acute toxicity of organic compounds toward zebrafish embryo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 203:110946. [PMID: 32888619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zebrafish embryos are highly sensitive to toxicant exposure and have been used to evaluate the potential eco-toxicity caused by organic pollutants in the aquatic environment. This study was to develop four quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models based on norm descriptors for acute toxicity of different exposure times toward zebrafish embryo of organic compounds with various structures. Norm descriptors were obtained by calculating the norm index of the atomic distribution matrix, which was composed of atomic spatial distribution and atomic properties. These norm index-based QSAR models presented satisfactory results with R2 of 0.8549, 0.9162, 0.8335 and 0.8119 for 48, 96, 120 and 132 h, respectively. Validation results including cross validation, external validation, Y-randomized test and applicability domain analysis indicated that the proposed models were stable, robust and reliable. Accordingly, these norm descriptors might be effective in predicting the acute toxicity of various organics to zebrafish embryos, which might be useful for evaluating the potential hazards of organic pollutants to aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- School of Marine and Environmental Science, Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Fangyou Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Jia
- School of Marine and Environmental Science, Tianjin Marine Environmental Protection and Restoration Technology Engineering Center, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, 13St. 29, TEDA, 300457, Tianjin, PR China
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238
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Ouellet J, Gembé C, Buchinger S, Reifferscheid G, Hollert H, Brinkmann M. Validation of the micro-EROD assay with H4IIE cells for assessing sediment contamination with dioxin-like chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114984. [PMID: 32563806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In vitro bioassays have been used as a bioanalytical means of detecting dioxin-like compounds (DLCs) in environmental matrices and have been suggested as a tool for quantifying DLCs in sediments. The present study evaluated the relationship between bioanalytical results from the micro-7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) bioassay and chemical analytical results in 25 sediment samples collected from rivers across Germany. Sediments were collected, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) were extracted from the sediments, biological toxicity equivalent quotients (BEQs) were determined by micro-EROD assay and toxicity equivalent quotients (TEQs) were calculated from chemical analysis. Correlations between BEQs and TEQs were evaluated, and linear regression modeling was performed, excluding 6 samples as validation data, to derive equations for predicting TEQs from BEQs. Validation data was tested to evaluate predictive capabilities of the models. Correlations were observed between BEQ and TEQ for PCDD/Fs (r=0.987), PCBs (r=0.623), measured sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.975) and calculated sum of PCDD/F and PCBs (r = 0.971). The modeling equations provided low variances as evaluated by mean absolute error (MAE) (≤10.3 pg/g) and root mean square error (RMSE) (≤15.8 pg/g) indicating that expected TEQs could be reasonably well calculated from BEQs. Predicted TEQs from validation data fell within the 95% probability intervals of the test data and had low variances (MAE≤6.5 pg/g) and (RMSE≤10.7 pg/g). Our results indicate that the micro-EROD bioassay can be used as a screening tool for DLCs in sediment and has the capability to be used as an alternate method to chemical analysis for quantifying dioxin-like potential of sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ouellet
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Carolin Gembé
- Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Buchinger
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Georg Reifferscheid
- Federal Institute of Hydrology (BFG), Department G3: Biochemistry, Ecotoxicology, Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Henner Hollert
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security (GIWS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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239
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Multiplexed Immunosensor Based on the Amperometric Transduction for Monitoring of Marine Pollutants in Sea Water. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195532. [PMID: 32992549 PMCID: PMC7584025 DOI: 10.3390/s20195532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants vigilance is one of the main problems that the aquaculture industry has to face with the objective to ensure the quality of their products and prevent entrance in the food chain that finally may arrive to the consumer. Contaminants such as hormones, antibiotics or biocides are especially relevant due to their toxicity, pharmacological effect or hormonal activity that can be considered harmful for the final consumer. The contaminants can be detected in the environment where the food is growing, and their concentration can be found (i.e., seawater) in the range of µg·L−1, ng·L−1 or even in lower concentrations. Thus, sensitive and selective methods for their monitoring are required to avoid their arrival in the food chain. Here, the development of a multiplexed amperometric biosensor is described, based on the use of specific antibodies to reach the necessary detectability to measure the targeted contaminants directly in seawater. The multiplexed immunosensor allows the detection of four relevant pollutants, such as el Irgarol 1051, sulfapyridine, chloramphenicol and estradiol, reaching an IC50 of 5.04 ± 0.29, 3.45 ± 0.29, 4.17 ± 0.44 and 5.94 ± 0.28 µg·L−1, directly measured in seawater.
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240
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Topaz T, Boxall A, Suari Y, Egozi R, Sade T, Chefetz B. Ecological Risk Dynamics of Pharmaceuticals in Micro-Estuary Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11182-11190. [PMID: 32799450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Micro-estuarine ecosystems have a surface area <1 km2 and are abundant in Mediterranean regions. As a result of their small size, these systems are particularly vulnerable to the effects of chemical pollution. Due to the fluctuating flow conditions of base flow dominated by treated wastewater effluents and flood events transporting rural and urban non-point-source pollution, micro-estuaries are under a dynamic risk regime, consequently struggling to provide ecological services. This 2 year study explored the occurrence and risks of pharmaceutical contamination in the Alexander micro-estuary in Israel. Pharmaceuticals were detected in all samples (n = 280) at as high as 18 μg L-1 in flood events and 14 μg L-1 in base flow. The pharmaceutical mixture composition was affected by flow conditions with carbamazepine dominating the base flow and caffeine dominating flood events. The median annual risk quotients for fish, crustaceans, and algae were 19.6, 5.2, and 4.5, respectively, indicating that pharmaceuticals pose a high risk to the ecosystem. Ibuprofen, carbamazepine, and caffeine contributed most to the risk quotients. The current work highlights that micro-estuary ecosystems, like the Alexander estuary, are continuously exposed to pharmaceuticals and most likely to other pollutants, placing these ecologically important systems under an elevated risk in comparison to the more frequently studied large estuarine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Topaz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alistair Boxall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Yair Suari
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret 402970, Israel
| | - Roey Egozi
- The Soil Erosion Research Station, Soil Conservation and Drainage Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Tal Sade
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Mikhmoret 402970, Israel
| | - Benny Chefetz
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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241
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New Eco-Materials Derived from Waste for Emerging Pollutants Adsorption: The Case of Diclofenac. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13183964. [PMID: 32906837 PMCID: PMC7558572 DOI: 10.3390/ma13183964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes new eco-materials for the adsorption of diclofenac (DCF). The large consumption of this nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug combined with the inefficiency of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) leads to its presence in aquatic environments as an emerging pollutant. The adsorption technique is widely used for pharmaceutical removal. Moreover, due to the large effect of commercial adsorbents, in the frame of the Azure Chemistry approach, new sustainable materials are mandatory for removal as emerging pollutants. The work proposes three adsorbents that were obtained from different stabilization methods of fly ash derived from an incinerator plant; the stabilization techniques involved the use of various industrial by-products such as bottom ash, flue gas desulphurization residues, coal fly ash, and silica fume. The best performance, although less than activated carbon, was obtained by COSMOS (COlloidal Silica Medium to Obtain Safe inert: the case of incinerator fly ash), with a removal efficacy of approximately 76% with 15 g/L of material. Several advantages are expected not only from the DCF removal but also from an economic perspective (the newly obtained adsorbents are eco-materials, so they are cheaper in comparison to conventional adsorbents) and in terms of sustainability (no toxic reagents and no heating treatment are involved). This work highlights the adsorption performance of the new eco-materials and their potential use in WWTPs.
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242
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Karimi-Maleh H, Kumar BG, Rajendran S, Qin J, Vadivel S, Durgalakshmi D, Gracia F, Soto-Moscoso M, Orooji Y, Karimi F. Tuning of metal oxides photocatalytic performance using Ag nanoparticles integration. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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243
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Bellino A, Alfani A, De Riso L, Baldantoni D. Multivariate spatial analysis for the identification of criticalities and of the subtended causes in river ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30969-30976. [PMID: 31836977 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In statistics, the identification of environmental criticalities, one of the primary goals of environmental monitoring and management, translates into the detection of spatial outliers. Detected in relation to purposely defined sets of indicators, both global and local outliers are pivotal in the identification not only of the severity and spread of criticalities, but also of their nature and causes. The present research exemplifies a procedural framework to identify environmental criticalities, using two different approaches for the detection of spatial outliers in river ecosystems related to several sets of parameters (organic C, inorganic C, Ca, Co, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, S, Si, V, Zn, Cl-, F-, NO3-, SO42-, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, pheophytin a, pheophytin b, total carotenoids, pH, and electrical conductivity), including emerging contaminants. To this end, indicator sets diagnostic for specific criticalities, derived from an empirical dataset of water quality parameters, were employed, using detection techniques based on geographically weighted principal component analysis and a modified pairwise Mahalanobis distance-based algorithm. Clear and accurate criticality scenarios were derived, highlighting both the strengths and the limitations of the proposed approach, especially in relation to the classic threshold-based methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Anna Alfani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Laura De Riso
- Ente Parco Nazionale del Cilento, Vallo di Diano e Alburni, Via F. Palumbo, 16, 84078, Vallo della Lucania, SA, Italy
| | - Daniela Baldantoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
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244
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Hung CM, Huang CP, Chen SK, Chen CW, Dong CD. Electrochemical analysis of naproxen in water using poly(l-serine)-modified glassy carbon electrode. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126686. [PMID: 32320830 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A poly(l-serine)-modified glassy carbon electrode (PLS/GCE) was fabricated by electropolymerization and used to study the detection of naproxen (NPX), a representative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, in phosphate buffer supporting electrolyte at pH 5.0. Results indicated that the PLS/GCE was capable of determination of NPX at a working potential of 0.92 (vs. Ag/AgCl) in voltammetry mode. Experimental factors such as scan rate, accumulation time, solution pH, initial NPX concentration, and interferences were optimized for NPX determination efficiency. The morphology and elemental distribution of the electrode surface were characterized by ESEM, TEM, PSD, XRD, FTIR, TGA, XPS, and zeta potential. NPX oxidation current increased with increasing analyte concentration and scan rate but decreased with increasing pH. Linear sweep voltammetry calibration curve was established in the NPX concentration range of 4.3-65 μM, with detection limit and average recovery of 0.69 μM (n = 3) and 104 ± 2.5%, respectively. PLS/GCE is simple, accurate, reproducible, and easy for operation, therefore would be cost-effective for the determination of NPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mao Hung
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - C P Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, USA
| | - Shih-Kai Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Wen Chen
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Di Dong
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
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245
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Jonkers TJH, Steenhuis M, Schalkwijk L, Luirink J, Bald D, Houtman CJ, Kool J, Lamoree MH, Hamers T. Development of a high-throughput bioassay for screening of antibiotics in aquatic environmental samples. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 729:139028. [PMID: 32498177 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to select a Gram-positive (Gram+) and Gram-negative (Gram-) strain to measure antimicrobial activity in environmental samples, allowing high-throughput environmental screening. The sensitivity of eight pre-selected bacterial strains were tested to a training set of ten antibiotics, i.e. three Gram+ Bacillus subtilis strains with different read-outs, and five Gram- strains. The latter group consisted of a bioluminescent Allivibrio fischeri strain and four Escherichia coli strains, i.e. a wild type (WT) and three strains with a modified cell envelope to increase their sensitivity. The WT B. subtilis and an E. coli strain newly developed in this study, were most sensitive to the training set. This E. coli strain carries an open variant of an outer membrane protein combined with an inactivated multidrug efflux transport system. The assay conditions of these two strains were optimized and validated by exposure to a validation set of thirteen antibiotics with clinical and environmental relevance. The assay sensitivity ranged from the ng/mL to μg/mL range. The applicability of the assays for toxicological characterization of aquatic environmental samples was demonstrated for hospital effluent extract. A future application includes effect-directed analysis to identify yet unknown antibiotic contaminants or their transformation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J H Jonkers
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Schalkwijk
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joen Luirink
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Bald
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Corine J Houtman
- The Water Laboratory, J.W. Lucasweg 2, 2031 BE Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Biomolecular Analysis Group, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marja H Lamoree
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Timo Hamers
- Department of Environment & Health, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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246
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Alves TC, Mota JAX, Pinheiro A. Biosorption of organic micropollutants onto lignocellulosic-based material. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:427-439. [PMID: 32960789 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of organic micropollutants such as pharmaceutical drugs and hormones in the environment reflects the inefficiency of traditional wastewater treatment technologies. Biosorption is a promising alternative from a technical-economic point of view, so understanding the mechanisms of adsorption in new biosorbents is vital for application and process optimization. Within this context, this study aims to evaluate the mechanisms of adsorption and removal of synthetic and natural hormones by Pinus elliottii bark biosorbent (PS) compared to commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) through kinetic models, isotherm models, and thermodynamic models. The adsorbents were also characterized by morphology, chemical composition, functional groups, and point of zero charge. Characterization of the adsorbents highlights the heterogeneous and fibrous morphology and broader range of functional groups found for PS. Kinetic adjustments showed high accuracy for pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models, presenting multilinearity and evidencing multi-stage adsorption. The isotherms for PS followed high-affinity models, predominantly chemisorption, while those for GAC followed the Langmuir model, where physisorption predominates. These mechanisms were confirmed by thermodynamic models, which also indicated a higher dependence on temperature in the adsorption process. In the fortified water removal test, PS showed removal values higher than GAC, highlighting the advantages of this adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Caique Alves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo, n. 3250, CEP: 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil E-mail:
| | - João André Ximenes Mota
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo, n. 3250, CEP: 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Adilson Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo, n. 3250, CEP: 89030-000, Blumenau, SC, Brazil E-mail:
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Mijangos L, Krauss M, de Miguel L, Ziarrusta H, Olivares M, Zuloaga O, Izagirre U, Schulze T, Brack W, Prieto A, Etxebarria N. Application of the Sea Urchin Embryo Test in Toxicity Evaluation and Effect-Directed Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:8890-8899. [PMID: 32525664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sea urchin embryo assay was used to assess general toxicity at four wastewater treatment plant effluents of Biscay (Gorliz, Mungia, Gernika, and Galindo), and within the tested range, all the extracts showed embryo growth inhibition and skeleton malformation activities with EC50 values, in relative enrichment factor units, between 1.1-16.8 and 1.1-8.8, respectively. To identify the causative compounds, effect-directed analysis was successfully applied for the first time using a sea urchin embryo test to the secondary treatment of the Galindo effluent. To this end, two subsequent fractionation steps were performed using C18 (21 fractions) and aminopropyl columns (15 fractions). By this fractionation, the number of features detected by LC-HRMS in the raw sample was drastically reduced from 1500 to 9, and among them, two pesticides (mexacarbate, 17 ng/L, and fenpropidin, 23 ng/L), two antidepressants (amitriptyline, 304 ng/L, and paroxetine, 26 ng/L), and two anthelmintic agents (mebendazole, 65 ng/L, and albendazole, 48 ng/L) could be identified in the two toxic fractions. The artificial mixture of the identified six compounds could explain 79% of the observed effect, with albendazole and paroxetine as the predominant contributors (49% and 49%, respectively) affecting the sea urchin embryogenesis activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Martin Krauss
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura de Miguel
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
- Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Tobias Schulze
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Werner Brack
- UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, 48620 Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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Abstract
Contaminants, organic or inorganic, represent a threat for the environment and human health and in recent years their presence and persistence has increased rapidly. For this reason, several technologies including bioremediation in combination with nanotechnology have been explored to identify more systemic approaches for their removal from environmental matrices. Understanding the interaction between the contaminant, the microorganism, and the nanomaterials (NMs) is of crucial importance since positive and negative effects may be produced. For example, some nanomaterials are stimulants for microorganisms, while others are toxic. Thus, proper selection is of paramount importance. The main objective of this review was to analyze the principles of bioremediation assisted by nanomaterials, nanoparticles (NPs) included, and their interaction with environmental matrices. It also analyzed the response of living organisms employed to remediate the contaminants in the presence of nanomaterials. Besides, we discuss the international regulatory frame applicable to these technologies and how they might contribute to sustainability.
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249
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Achar JC, Nam G, Jung J, Klammler H, Mohamed MM. Microbubble ozonation of the antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene: Degradation kinetics and toxicity reduction. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109496. [PMID: 32304926 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) is recognized as a crucial pollutant in aquatic environments, but efforts to achieve its complete removal are without success. The aim of this study was to investigate the degradation efficiency of BHT in water using ozone microbubbles (OMB), coupled with toxicity change assessment at sub-lethal BHT concentrations (0.34, 0.45 and 0.90 μM) based on oxidative stress biomarkers in Daphnia magna. The efficiency of OMB on ozone gas mass transfer was assessed and the contribution of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) in the degradation of BHT was determined using p-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) probe compound and a ·OH radical scavenger (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3). The ozone gas mass transfer coefficient (kLa = 1.02 × 10-2 s-1) was much larger than the ozone self-decomposition rate (kd = 8 × 10-4 s-1) implying little influence of self-decomposing ozone in the volumetric ozone transfer during OMB generation. Generally, OMB improved ozone gas mass transfer (1.3-19-fold) relative to conventional ozone techniques, while indirect reaction of BHT with ·OH was dominant (82%) over the direct reaction with molecular ozone. Addition of 15, 25 and 35 mM Na2CO3 reduced BHT degradation by 30, 50 and 65%, respectively, indicating the significance of ·OH in the degradation of BHT. Increase in initial BHT concentration correspondingly reduced its removal rate by OMB possibly due to increase in metabolites produced during ozonation. Post BHT treatment exposure tests recorded significant (p < 0.05) reductions in oxidative stress (according to enzyme activities changes) in D. magna compared to pretreatment tests, demonstrating the effectiveness of OMB in detoxification of BHT. Overall, the results of the study indicate that OMB is extremely efficient in complete degradation of BHT in water and, consequently, significantly (p < 0.05) reducing its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Collince Achar
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwiwoong Nam
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Harald Klammler
- Department of Geosciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Mohamed M Mohamed
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; National Water Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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250
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An Extended Ecosystem Model for Understanding EE2 Indirect Effects on a Freshwater Food Web and its Ecosystem Function Resilience. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Freshwater species are highly impacted by human activities and the consequences on ecosystem functioning are still not well understood. In the literature, a multitrophic perspective appears to be key to advance future biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) research. This paper aims at studying indirect effects of the synthetic hormone 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) on a freshwater food web by creating BEF links, through the interpretation of seasonal cycles and multitrophic interactions. An ecosystem model previously developed using experimental data from a unique whole-ecosystem study on EE2 was extended with the addition of Chaoborus, an omnivorous insect. During the experimental study, a collapse of fathead minnow was measured after one year of exposure. The simulation results showed that EE2 indirect effects on other fishes (horizontal diversity) and lower trophic levels (vertical diversity) were connected to multitrophic interactions with a top-down cascade effect. The results also demonstrated that adding an omnivorous, mid-trophic level group such as Chaoborus enhances resilience. Conversely, missing such a species means that the actual resilience of an ecosystem and its functioning cannot be properly simulated. Thus, the extended ecosystem model offers a tool that can help better understand what is happening after environmental perturbations, such as with EE2.
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