201
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Functional training program: the impact on depression, anxiety and sleep quality in adolescents. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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202
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Stefansdottir R, Rognvaldsdottir V, Gestsdottir S, Gudmundsdottir SL, Chen KY, Brychta RJ, Johannsson E. Changes in sleep and activity from age 15 to 17 in students with traditional and college-style school schedules. Sleep Health 2020; 6:749-757. [PMID: 32534820 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sleep duration and physical activity decline with age during adolescence. Earlier school schedules may contribute to these declines. The aim of this longitudinal study was to track changes in sleep and activity of Icelandic youth from primary to secondary school and compare students who enrolled in secondary schools with traditional and college-style schedules. METHODS We measured free-living sleep and activity with wrist actigraphy and body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry in 145 students at age 15 and age 17, when 58% attended schools with college-style scheduling. Differences from 15 to 17 and between students of different school structures were assessed with mixed-effect models. RESULTS Actigraphs were worn for 7.1 ± 0.4 nights at 15 and 6.9 ± 0.4 nights at 17. Overall, sleep duration decreased from 6.6 ± 0.7 h/night to 6.2 ± 0.7 h/night from age 15 to 17 (P < .001). Students with traditional schedules reduced school-night sleep duration 26 min/night at follow-up (P< .001), while sleep duration did not change for college-style students. All students went to bed later on school nights at follow-up, but only college-style students rose later. Sleep efficiency and awakenings did not differ by schedule-type. Neither sex changed body fat percentage, but average school-day activity decreased by 19% (P< .001) on follow-up and did not differ by schedule-type. CONCLUSIONS Over the 2-year period, adolescents decreased weekly sleep duration and activity, but only those continuing traditional schedules reduced school-night sleep. This suggests greater individual control of school schedule may preserve sleep duration in this age group, which may be beneficial during the transition into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runa Stefansdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Sunna Gestsdottir
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- Center of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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203
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Carvalho-Mendes RP, Dunster GP, de la Iglesia HO, Menna-Barreto L. Afternoon School Start Times Are Associated with a Lack of Both Social Jetlag and Sleep Deprivation in Adolescents. J Biol Rhythms 2020; 35:377-390. [PMID: 32508224 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420927603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The delayed circadian timing of adolescents creates a conflict with early school start times (SSTs). We used wrist actimetry to compare sleep parameters and routine nighttime activities in middle school students attending either a morning (0700 to 1200 h) or an afternoon (1230 to 1730 h) school shift. On school days, students from both shifts (n = 21 for morning shift, n = 20 for afternoon shift, ages 12-14 years) had a similar sleep onset, but morning-shift students had an earlier sleep offset and a 1 h 45 min shorter sleep duration than their afternoon peers, who slept the recommended 8 to 10 h of daily sleep. Only morning-shift students had afternoon naps, but this afternoon sleep was not sufficient to overcome sleep deprivation. On weekends, sleep onsets and offsets did not differ between shifts. Because only morning-shift students woke up later and slept longer (2 h 3 min) on weekends, they were also the only ones who experienced social jetlag. Daily surveys on their nighttime (from 1800 to 0600 h) activities indicated there was no difference between shifts in the time spent on leisure or using electronic media during school days, but students from both shifts spent more time in these activities during the weekend. Our study confirms that early SST in adolescents is associated with sleep deprivation and suggests that schedules that start much later than typically considered may be needed to eliminate sleep deprivation in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gideon P Dunster
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Horacio O de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Luiz Menna-Barreto
- Instituto de Psicologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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204
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Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Ohayon MM, Broström A, Lin CY. Editorial: A Good Sleep: The Role of Factors in Psychosocial Health. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:520. [PMID: 32528246 PMCID: PMC7264401 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Pakpour
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D Griffiths
- International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice M Ohayon
- Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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205
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Alfonsi V, Scarpelli S, D’Atri A, Stella G, De Gennaro L. Later School Start Time: The Impact of Sleep on Academic Performance and Health in the Adolescent Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072574. [PMID: 32283688 PMCID: PMC7177233 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The crucial role of sleep in physical and mental health is well known, especially during the developmental period. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in examining the relationship between sleep patterns and school performance in adolescents. At this stage of life, several environmental and biological factors may affect both circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep. A large part of this population does not experience adequate sleep, leading to chronic sleep restriction and/or disrupted sleep–wake cycles. Studies investigating the effects of different sleep–wake schedules on academic achievement showed that impaired sleep quality and quantity are associated with decreased learning ability and compromised daytime functioning. This review focuses on the most recent studies that evaluated the effects of modified school start time on sleep patterns and related outcomes. Moreover, based on the available empirical evidence, we intend to propose a direction for future studies targeted to implement prevention or treatment programs by modifying sleep timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Alfonsi
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Aurora D’Atri
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Giacomo Stella
- Department of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (V.A.); (A.D.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49917647
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206
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Jamieson D, Broadhouse KM, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Investigating the links between adolescent sleep deprivation, fronto-limbic connectivity and the Onset of Mental Disorders: a review of the literature. Sleep Med 2020; 66:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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207
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How odor cues help to optimize learning during sleep in a real life-setting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1227. [PMID: 31988352 PMCID: PMC6985213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effortless learning during sleep is everybody’s dream. Several studies found that presenting odor cues during learning and selectively during slow wave sleep increases learning success. The current study extends previous research in three aspects to test for optimization and practical applicability of this cueing effect: We (1) performed a field study of vocabulary-learning in a regular school setting, (2) stimulated with odor cues during the whole night without sleep monitoring, and (3) applied the odor additionally as retrieval cue in a subsequent test. We found an odor cueing effect with comparable effect sizes (d between 0.6 and 1.2) as studies with sleep monitoring and selective cueing. Further, we observed some (non-significant) indication for a further performance benefit with additional cueing during the recall test. Our results replicate previous findings and provide important extensions: First, the odor effect also works outside the lab. Second, continuous cueing at night produces similar effect sizes as a study with selective cueing in specific sleep stages. Whether odor cueing during memory recall further increases memory performance hast to be shown in future studies. Overall, our results extend the knowledge on odor cueing effects and provide a realistic practical perspective on it.
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208
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Eccles AM, Qualter P, Madsen KR, Holstein BE. Loneliness in the lives of Danish adolescents: Associations with health and sleep. Scand J Public Health 2020; 48:877-887. [PMID: 31969070 PMCID: PMC7678339 DOI: 10.1177/1403494819865429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims: We examined the relationship between loneliness and health among young adolescents. We also investigated the validity of a single-item measure of loneliness by comparing this to a composite score. Methods: The current data come from a nationally representative sample of 11- to 15-year-old adolescents (N=3305; F=52%) from Denmark collected in 2014 as part of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) collaborative cross-national survey. Results: A series of binary logistic regressions showed that higher loneliness among adolescents, whether measured using the single- or multi-item measurement, was associated with poorer self-rated health, higher frequency of headache, stomach ache, backache, difficulties sleeping, greater sleep disturbance and more instances of feeling tired in the morning. Those associations were relatively consistent across sex and age groups. Conclusions:Loneliness is associated with poorer self-reported health and sleep problems among young adolescents. Those findings are similar across two measures of loneliness, suggesting robust findings. The development of interventions and health-education efforts to fight loneliness in adolescence is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Eccles
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, UK.,Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Katrine R Madsen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Bjørn E Holstein
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
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209
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Bileviciute-Ljungar I, Friberg D. Emotional Awareness Correlated With Number of Awakenings From Polysomnography in Patients With Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome-A Pilot Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32273857 PMCID: PMC7113367 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Unrefreshing sleep is one of the diagnostic criteria in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), which could be explained by sleep disorders, for example obstructive sleep apnea, reported in our previous study with polysomnography. Our previous findings also indicate difficulties in emotional regulation when measuring alexithymia by TAS-20 (Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and level of emotional awareness by LEAS (Level of Emotional Awareness Scale) in ME/CFS patients. However, the reasons for this are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate correlations between data from subjective emotional regulation and polysomnography. METHODS Twenty-three ME/CFS patients (5 men and 18 women) of mean age 43, and 30 matched healthy controls (9 males and 21 women) of mean age 45, filled in TAS-20, LEAS, and Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale (HADS). A polysomnography was performed on patients but not on healthy controls. Thus, values of normal population were used for sleep evaluation in ME/CFS patients. RESULT There were significant differences between patients and controls in several aspects of emotional regulation, for example LEAS-self and LEAS-total. Seventy percent of the patients had increased numbers of awakenings (shifts from any sleep stage to awake), 22% had obstructive sleep apneas, and 27% had periodic limb movements. Correlation analysis showed that number of awakenings significantly correlated with LEAS-self and LEAS-total, p < 0.01, respectively. There were no other significant correlations. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrated significant correlations between reduced emotional awareness and number of awakenings in polysomnography. Future studies with larger cohorts need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indre Bileviciute-Ljungar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Danielle Friberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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210
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Meers J, Ferri R, Bruni O, Alfano CA. Sleep spindle density is associated with worry in children with generalized anxiety disorder and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2020; 260:418-425. [PMID: 31539675 PMCID: PMC6880871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), characterized by uncontrollable worry, is associated with long-term psychopathology risk, yet understanding of developmental trajectories is limited. Despite common complaints about sleep, 'macro' sleep abnormalities have not been identified. Emerging findings suggest micro-architectural features of sleep, including sleep spindles, differentiate various psychiatric populations. The current study investigated sleep spindle density during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep among youth with GAD and healthy controls, including relationships with anxiety, worry, global functioning, and subjective sleep quality. METHODS 58 pre-pubertal children, n = 26 with GAD and n = 32 matched healthy controls, aged 7-11 years (M = 8.86, SD=1.47), completed diagnostic assessments and a week of actigraphy monitoring prior to a night of polysomnography (PSG) either at home or in a sleep laboratory. NREM spindle activity was detected in frontal and central regions. RESULTS Sleep spindle activity did not differ based on diagnostic group or sex. Sleep spindles were unassociated with anxiety and sleep quality but showed a significant positive association with worry in all youth. Among youth with GAD, global functioning was negatively associated with spindle density in frontal regions during NREM stage 3. Spindle density was significantly greater during in-lab compared to at-home PSG. LIMITATIONS The small sample size and reliance on only one night of PSG necessitate additional studies. CONCLUSIONS The identified link between spindle activity and worry in pre-pubertal children highlights a need for investigations on transdiagnostic features of child psychopathology rather than specific disorders. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore spindle characteristics and affective risk across development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oliviero Bruni
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Developmental and Social Psychology
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211
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Galván A. The Need for Sleep in the Adolescent Brain. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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212
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Richardson C, Oar E, Fardouly J, Magson N, Johnco C, Forbes M, Rapee R. The Moderating Role of Sleep in the Relationship Between Social Isolation and Internalising Problems in Early Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:1011-1020. [PMID: 31152375 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Social isolation may be a unique risk factor for depression and anxiety in early adolescence. However, optimal sleep may protect adolescents from the emotional sequela of social isolation. The present study aimed to investigate whether sleep moderates the relationship between social isolation and symptoms of anxiety and depression in early adolescence. Five hundred and twenty eight early adolescents (M = 11.18 years, SD = 0.56, range 10-12 years, 51% male) completed online questionnaires assessing social isolation, sleep duration, daytime sleepiness and symptoms of generalised anxiety, social anxiety, separation anxiety and depression. Sleep duration moderated the effect of social isolation on symptoms of generalised anxiety, social anxiety and depression, but not separation anxiety. Daytime sleepiness emerged as an additional sleep-related risk factor in the relationship between social isolation and depressive symptoms. Therefore, sleep may be an important modifiable risk or protective factor to target, in the prevention of depression and anxiety in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - E Oar
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Fardouly
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - N Magson
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Johnco
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - M Forbes
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Rapee
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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213
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Hamann C, Rusterholz T, Studer M, Kaess M, Tarokh L. Association between depressive symptoms and sleep neurophysiology in early adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1334-1342. [PMID: 31512761 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is highly prevalent among adolescents, and depressive symptoms rise rapidly during early adolescence. Depression is often accompanied by subjective sleep complaints and alterations in sleep neurophysiology. In this study, we examine whether depressive symptoms, measured on a continuum, are associated with subjective and objective (sleep architecture and neurophysiology) measures of sleep in early adolescence. METHODS High-density sleep EEG, actigraphy, and self-reported sleep were measured in 52 early adolescents (12.31 years; SD: 1.121; 25 female). Depressive symptoms were measured on a continuum using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The association between depressive symptoms and 2 weeks of actigraphy, self-reported sleep, sleep architecture, and sleep neurophysiology (slow wave activity and sigma power) was determined via multiple linear regression with factors age, sex, and pubertal status. RESULTS Despite no association between polysomnography measures of sleep quality and depressive symptoms, individuals with more depressive symptoms manifested worse actigraphically measured sleep. Less sleep spindle activity, as reflected in nonrapid eye movement sleep sigma power, was associated with more depressive symptoms over a large cluster encompassing temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. Furthermore, worse subjectively reported sleep quality was also associated with less sigma power over these same areas. Puberty, age, and sex did not impact this association. CONCLUSIONS Sleep spindles have been hypothesized to protect sleep against environmental disturbances. Thus, diminished spindle power may be a subtle sign of disrupted sleep and its association with depressive symptoms in early adolescence may signal vulnerability for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hamann
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martina Studer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Section for Translational Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leila Tarokh
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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214
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Tarokh L, Short M, Crowley SJ, Fontanellaz-Castiglione CEG, Carskadon MA. Sleep and Circadian Rhythms in Adolescence. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-019-00155-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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215
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Burns RD, Bai Y, Fu Y, Brusseau TA. Associations of adolescent lifestyle behaviors with body mass index within a nationally representative sample of US adolescents: a quantile regression analysis. Public Health 2019; 179:51-58. [PMID: 31733506 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between lifestyle behavior variables such as physical activity, television watching, computer use, and school night sleep duration with body mass index percentile (BMI%) using quantile regression within a representative sample of adolescents who completed the 2017 US National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. STUDY DESIGN The study design was a cross-sectional study. METHODS A multistage cluster sampling procedure obtained a representative sample of US adolescents. The number of sampled adolescents submitting questionnaires with BMI% data was 13,146. To examine the associations between lifestyle behaviors and BMI%, simultaneous quantile regression was used. RESULTS When relationships were modeled at every 10th percentile, more precise parameter estimates were observed at higher percentiles. Across the interquartile range, physical activity associated with lower BMI% at the 50th and 75th percentiles (brange = -2.27% to -5.24%, P < 0.05), television watching associated with higher BMI% at the 25th to 75th percentiles (brange = 2.29%-4.16%, P < 0.05), sleep durations less than 8 h per school night associated with higher BMI% at the 25th and 50th percentile (brange = 2.81%-8.26%, P < 0.05), and 10 or more hours of school night sleep associated with higher BMI% at the 50th and 75th percentile (brange = 3.43%-7.53%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of physical activity associated with lower BMI% and longer time watching television, school night sleep durations less than 8 h, and school night sleep durations of 10 h or more at higher quantiles associated with higher BMI% in adolescents. Estimates of association were more precise within higher quantiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Burns
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Y Bai
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Y Fu
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - T A Brusseau
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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216
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Cutting-edge technology and nocturnal headaches in adolescent smart phone users in Chiang Mai, Thailand. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-01-2019-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
Nocturnal headaches among adolescents were reported to be increased with the development of modern technology. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the smartphone electromagnetic radiation related to nocturnal headaches among high school students.
Design/methodology/approach
The time series study of all 12,969 records from 145 high school students Chiang Mai Province was selected from the population in the first phase by setting criteria. The samples completed a headache diary utilizing a smartphone application. The smartphone output power (SOP) was measured and recorded by the smartphone application and transmitted by e-mail to a researcher. The smartphone use, sleep quality, anxiety and depression also were assessed. Data were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equation adjusting for demographic data, smartphone use, and sleep quality and otherwise.
Findings
The resulted showed the prevalence of repeated headaches to be 13.4 percent, nocturnal headache only 5.3 percent and the strongest effect of day time SOP at a 1.80–1.99×10−5 mW range on nocturnal headaches (ORadj5.18; 95% CI: 3.44–7.81). Meanwhile, Lag_6 of daily SOP exposure produced a nocturnal headache effect in a reverse dose-response manner. Furthermore, the nocturnal headache also had the strongest association with age, internet use and device brand (ORadj2.33; 95% CI: 1.08–5.05, ORadj2.14; 95% CI: 1.07–4.2 and ORadj1.68; 95% CI: 1.1–2.4).
Originality/value
The electromagnetic radiation from a smartphone is the environmental variables influences on headache. The results suggested that there should be limited times for smartphone use and older age to start using a smartphone to prevent headache attacks at night.
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217
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Tafoya SA, Aldrete-Cortez V. The Interactive Effect of Positive Mental Health and Subjective Sleep Quality on Depressive Symptoms in High School Students. Behav Sleep Med 2019; 17:818-826. [PMID: 30221999 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2018.1518226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective/Background: The objective of this study was to observe the effect of positive mental health (PMH) and subjective sleep quality (SQ) on depressive symptoms in high school students. Participants: This cross-sectional study evaluated 2,186 students (55% female and 45% male) with a mean age of 16.8 years (SD ± 0.7) at 20 private high schools in Mexico City. Methods: An electronic survey was used, which included a questionnaire on sleep habits that is a Spanish-language adaptation of Rosenthal's Sleep-Wake Activity Inventory, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness-Eveningness Scale for Children and Adolescents (MESC), the combined scales to evaluate positive aspects of mental health, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Results: Main and interaction effects of PMH and SQ were observed, demonstrating that students with high-PMH (p ≤ .0001) or good-SQ (p ≤ .0001) had fewer depressive symptoms. Thus, the students with both high-PMH and good-SQ had the lowest depressive symptomatology (p ≤ .01). Conclusion: Depressive symptoms are associated with a combination of sleep quality and positive mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A Tafoya
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, School of Psychology, Universidad Panamericana , México City , México
| | - Vania Aldrete-Cortez
- Neuroscience and Cognitive Developmental Laboratory, School of Psychology, Universidad Panamericana , México City , México
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218
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Langberg JM, Breaux RP, Cusick CN, Green CD, Smith ZR, Molitor SJ, Becker SP. Intraindividual variability of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1219-1229. [PMID: 31231801 PMCID: PMC6800768 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies examining the sleep of adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have relied on mean values such as average sleep duration, which masks intraindividual variability (IIV). The objective was to investigate whether adolescents with ADHD have greater IIV of sleep/wake patterns than adolescents without ADHD using actigraphy and daily sleep diaries. METHOD Adolescents (ages 13.17 ± 0.40 years; 45% female) with (n = 162) and without (n = 140) ADHD were recruited from middle schools at two sites. Participants wore actigraphs and completed sleep diaries for an average of 2 weeks. RESULTS Multilevel models were conducted with sex, sleep medication use, ADHD medication use, number of days with data, and social jetlag controlled for in analyses. For actigraphy, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability for time in bed, sleep onset and offset, and wake after sleep onset than adolescents without ADHD. For sleep diary data, adolescents with ADHD had greater variability in bedtime, wake time, sleep duration, sleep onset latency, sleep quality, and night wakings than adolescents without ADHD. Social jetlag was a significant predictor of variability in sleep measures based on both actigraph and daily diaries; however, ADHD status was not associated with social jetlag. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that adolescents with ADHD have more variable sleep/wake patterns than their peers using both objective and subjective sleep measures. IIV of sleep/wake patterns may be important for clinicians to assess and monitor as part of treatment. Research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying increased IIV of sleep/wake patterns in adolescents with ADHD and potential consequences for daytime functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Langberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rosanna P Breaux
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Caroline N Cusick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cathrin D Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zoe R Smith
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephen J Molitor
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Effects of CDP-choline administration on learning and memory in REM sleep-deprived rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 213:112703. [PMID: 31654682 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytidine 5-diphosphocholine (CDP-choline) administration has been shown to improve learning and memory deficits in different models of brain disorders. In this study, effects of CDP-choline on the well known negative effects of Rapid Eye Movements (REM) sleep deprivation on learning and memory were investigated. Sleep deprivation was induced by placing adult male Wistar albino rats on 6.5 cm diameter platforms individually for 96 h according to flower pot method. Learning and memory performances were evaluated using Morris Water Maze (MWM) test during the same period of time. Saline or CDP-choline (100 µmol/kg, 300 µmol/kg or 600 µmol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the onset of MWM experiments. On completion of behavioral tests, rats were decapitated and hippocampi were assayed for total and phosphorylated Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (tCaMKII and pCaMKII, respectively) and total antioxidant capacity. We observed that while REM sleep deprivation had no effect on learning, it diminished the memory function, which was associated with decreased levels of pCaMKII and total antioxidant capacity in the hippocampus. CDP-choline treatment blocked the impairment in memory function of sleep-deprived rats and, increased pCaMKII levels and total antioxidant capacity. These data suggest that CDP-choline reduces REM sleep deprivation-induced impairment in memory, at least in part, by counteracting the disturbances in biochemical and molecular biological parameters.
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220
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Butler ES, McGlinchey E, Juster R. Sexual and gender minority sleep: A narrative review and suggestions for future research. J Sleep Res 2019; 29:e12928. [DOI: 10.1111/jsr.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliana S. Butler
- School of Psychology Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck NJ USA
| | - Eleanor McGlinchey
- School of Psychology Fairleigh Dickinson University Teaneck NJ USA
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Columbia University Medical Center/New York State Psychiatric Institute New York NY USA
| | - Robert‐Paul Juster
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
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221
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Campbell IG, Van Dongen HPA, Gainer M, Karmouta E, Feinberg I. Differential and interacting effects of age and sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness and vigilance in adolescence: a longitudinal study. Sleep 2019; 41:5088074. [PMID: 30169721 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives There is contradictory evidence on whether sleep need decreases across adolescence. We investigated this question longitudinally with a dose-response design to test the effects of varied sleep durations on daytime sleepiness and on vigilance and to test whether these relations change with age across early and mid-adolescence. Methods Data from 76 participants who completed at least 2 years of the 3-year study are included in this report. Annually, participants ranging in age from 9.8 to 16.2 years completed three different time in bed (TIB) schedules each consisting of four consecutive nights of 7, 8.5, or 10 hours. Daytime sleepiness (multiple sleep latency test [MSLT]) and vigilance (psychomotor vigilance test [PVT]) were measured on the day following the fourth night of each TIB schedule. Results Electroencephalogram (EEG)-measured sleep durations changed linearly with TIB. MSLT-measured daytime sleepiness decreased with longer TIB and increased with age. The TIB and age effects interacted such that the TIB effect decreased with age. PVT performance improved with longer TIB and improved with age, but the benefit that increased TIB conferred on PVT performance did not change with age. Conclusions These results seem paradoxical because daytime sleepiness increased but vigilance improved with age. The significant age effect on the relation between TIB and sleepiness compared to the lack of an age effect on the relation between TIB and vigilance performance suggests different rates of maturation in underlying brain systems. We interpret these findings in relation to our model of adolescent brain development driven by synaptic elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Hans P A Van Dongen
- Sleep and Performance Center, and Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA
| | - Marcus Gainer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Emmad Karmouta
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Irwin Feinberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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Lin CY, Strong C, Scott AJ, Broström A, Pakpour AH, Webb TL. A cluster randomized controlled trial of a theory-based sleep hygiene intervention for adolescents. Sleep 2019; 41:5078617. [PMID: 30423178 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives To use theory to design and evaluate an intervention to promote sleep hygiene and health among adolescents. Methods The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) were used to develop an intervention, which was then evaluated in a cluster randomized trial. Participants were high school students (N = 2,841, M age = 15.12, SD = 1.50). Adolescents in the intervention group received four face-to-face sessions providing behavior change techniques targeting the theoretical determinants of sleep hygiene. Adolescents in the control group only received educational material at the end of the study. The primary outcome was sleep hygiene measured at 1 and 6 months postintervention. A number of secondary outcomes were also measured, including beliefs about sleep, self-regulatory processes, and outcomes related to health and wellbeing. Results Sleep hygiene was improved in the intervention group when compared with the control group at both follow-up points (coefficients = 0.16 and 0.19, 95% CIs = 0.12-0.20 and 0.15-0.23 at 1 and 6 months, respectively, for scores on the Adolescent Sleep Hygiene Scale), as were psychosocial and general aspects of health. Mediation analyses suggested that beliefs about sleep hygiene as specified by the TPB, along with self-regulatory processes from HAPA, both mediated the effect of the intervention on outcomes. In turn, the effects of the intervention on sleep hygiene mediated its impact on general health. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners might consider intervention programs based on the TPB and the HAPA to improve sleep among adolescents. Clinical Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02551913) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02551913.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ying Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Strong
- Department of Public Health, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Alexander J Scott
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anders Broström
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Thomas L Webb
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Wilson C, Carpenter J, Hickie I. The Role of the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Adolescent Mental Illness. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-019-00145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Becker SP, Langberg JM, Eadeh HM, Isaacson PA, Bourchtein E. Sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD: differences across ratings, daily diary, and actigraphy. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:1021-1031. [PMID: 31032953 PMCID: PMC6692210 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience greater sleep problems than their peers. Although adolescence is generally a developmental period characterized by insufficient sleep, few studies have used a multi-informant, multi-method design, to examine whether sleep differs in adolescents with and without ADHD. METHODS Targeted recruitment was used to enroll an approximately equal number of eighth-grade adolescents (mean age = 13 years) with (n = 162) and without ADHD (n = 140). Adolescents and parents completed global ratings of sleep problems; adolescents, parents, and teachers completed ratings of daytime sleepiness. Adolescents wore actigraphs and completed a daily sleep diary for approximately 2 weeks. RESULTS Adolescents with ADHD were more likely than adolescents without ADHD to obtain insufficient sleep on school days (per diary) and weekends (per diary and actigraphy). Adolescents with ADHD were also more likely to report falling asleep in class and to have stayed up all night at least twice in the previous 2 weeks (14% and 5% reported all-nighters for ADHD and comparison, respectively). In regression analyses controlling for a number of variables known to impact sleep (e.g. pubertal development, sex, medication use, having an externalizing, anxiety, or depression diagnosis), ADHD remained associated with shorter diary and actigraphy school night sleep duration, adolescent- and parent-reported daytime sleepiness, and parent-reported difficulties initiating and maintaining sleep and total sleep disturbance. Controlling for other variables, the odds of being classified with clinically elevated parent-reported sleep disturbance were 6.20 times greater for adolescents with ADHD. CONCLUSIONS Findings provide some of the clearest evidence yet that adolescents with ADHD experience more sleep problems and sleepiness than their peers without ADHD. It may be especially important to assess for sleep problems in adolescents with ADHD and to evaluate whether existing sleep interventions are effective, or can be optimized, for use in adolescents with ADHD who also have sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Becker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joshua M Langberg
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hana-May Eadeh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Paul A Isaacson
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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225
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Adolescent substance use and its association to sleep disturbances: A systematic review. Sleep Health 2019; 5:382-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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226
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Koopman‐Verhoeff ME, Serdarevic F, Kocevska D, Bodrij FF, Mileva‐Seitz VR, Reiss I, Hillegers MH, Tiemeier H, Cecil CA, Verhulst FC, Luijk MP. Preschool family irregularity and the development of sleep problems in childhood: a longitudinal study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2019; 60:857-865. [PMID: 30945287 PMCID: PMC6850317 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that poor family environments are related to more sleep problems; however, little is known about how family irregularity in early life affects the development of sleep problems over childhood using objective sleep measures. The current study tests the hypothesis that early family irregularity contributes to the development of sleep problems. METHODS This population-based study comprises 5,443 children from the Generation R Study. Family irregularity was measured with seven maternal-reported questions on family routines when children were 2 and 4 years old. Mothers reported on sleep problems at child age 3, 6, and 10 years, whereas children completed questionnaires on sleep problems at age 10. Additionally, we used tri-axial wrist accelerometers for five nights in 851 children (mean age 11.7 years) to assess sleep objectively. RESULTS Family irregularity was associated with more mother- and child-reported sleep problems at ages 3, 6, and 10 years as well as with a shorter sleep duration and later objective sleep onset, but not with sleep efficiency or waking time. The association between family irregularity and multi-informant subjective sleep problems at age 10 years was mediated by mother-reported child psychopathology at age 6 years. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show a long-term robust association of preschool family irregularity with more sleep problems during childhood as well as shorter sleep duration and later sleep onset as measured objectively with actigraphy. In part, these sleep problems were associated with family irregularity by way of child psychopathology. These findings suggest that interventions improving preschool family irregularity, which are targeted to reduce child psychopathology, may also impact the development of sleep problems beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisabeth Koopman‐Verhoeff
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,The Generation R Study GroupErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fadila Serdarevic
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,The Generation R Study GroupErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,The Generation R Study GroupErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - F. Fenne Bodrij
- Institute of Education and Child StudiesLeiden UniversityLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Viara R. Mileva‐Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irwin Reiss
- Department of PediatricsErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Manon H.J. Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Social and Behavioral ScienceHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Charlotte A.M. Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Frank C. Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,Child and Adolescent Mental Health CentreMental Health Services Capital Region, Research UnitCopenhagen University HospitalCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Maartje P.C.M. Luijk
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryErasmus University Medical Center–Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Psychology, Education and Child StudiesErasmus University RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Kim J, Noh JW, Kim A, Kwon YD. Relationships between Sleep Patterns, Health Risk Behaviors, and Health Outcomes among School-Based Population of Adolescents: A Panel Analysis of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132278. [PMID: 31252654 PMCID: PMC6650950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep patterns among adolescents are related to health outcomes and health risk behaviors. This study aimed to describe sleep patterns of Korean adolescents and to find the association between sleep patterns and health risk behaviors and health outcomes. Using the junior high school students’ panel data (n = 2351, 12–15 years old) from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey, this study described the sleep patterns operationalized as rising time, bedtime, and sleep duration both on weekdays and weekends. The relationships of sleep patterns with health outcomes and/or health risk behaviors were tested using mixed effect linear regression for continuous health variables and using mixed effect logit regression for binary health variables. Obesity status, the number of chronic symptoms, self-rated health status, smoking, and alcohol consumption were associated with rising time on weekdays after controlling for gender, living area, and housing type. The same set of variables except for the number of chronic symptoms were associated with bedtime during the weekdays. Sleep duration during the weekdays was associated with obesity status, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Similar patterns of association between sleep pattern variables during the weekends and health-related outcome variables were found, but were less obvious than those for weekdays. Significant relationships between sleep patterns and various health-related variables were found among adolescents in Korea. The results from this study indicate that helping adolescents change their sleeping times as necessary to ensure adequate sleep should be considered important in diminishing health risk behaviors and promoting positive health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Jin-Won Noh
- Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea
- Global Health Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ahraemi Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Young Dae Kwon
- Department of Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine and Catholic Institute for Healthcare Management, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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Alfano CA. (Re)Conceptualizing Sleep Among Children with Anxiety Disorders: Where to Next? Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 21:482-499. [PMID: 30136070 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-018-0267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Children with anxiety disorders (AD) characteristically complain of sleep problems and the extent to which cognitive behavioral treatments (CBT) for childhood anxiety produce sleep-based improvements is a topic of increasing interest. The current paper reviews available evidence for subjective sleep complaints and objective sleep alterations in children and adolescents with AD, including investigations of potential changes in sleep following anxiety-focused CBT. Despite pervasive complaints of poor sleep, the empirical literature provides minimal evidence for actual sleep-wake alterations in this population of youth and evidence for sleep-based changes following treatment for anxiety is minimal. In line with calls for more comprehensive models of the role of sleep in developmental psychopathology, several fundamental gaps in understanding are described and highlighted as essential avenues for clarifying the nature and consequences of poor quality sleep among youth with clinical levels of anxiety. In a second section of the paper, an emerging body of novel, translational research investigating more intricate sleep-anxiety relationships is introduced with potential implications for both etiological models and treatment design and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice A Alfano
- Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston (SACH), Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 126 Heyne Bldg, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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231
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Soehner AM, Bertocci MA, Levenson JC, Goldstein TR, Rooks B, Merranko J, Hafeman D, Diler R, Axelson D, Goldstein BI, Hickey MB, Monk K, Phillips ML, Birmaher B. Longitudinal Associations Between Sleep Patterns and Psychiatric Symptom Severity in High-Risk and Community Comparison Youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 58:608-617. [PMID: 30851396 PMCID: PMC6733405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.09.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep disturbance may be involved in symptom progression across multiple domains of psychopathology and could represent a target for treatment development in youth. Our objective was to identify sleep patterns that longitudinally change in conjunction with psychiatric symptom severity in at-risk youth. METHOD The study included 484 Pittsburgh Bipolar Offspring Study (BIOS) youth with at least 2 sleep assessments occurring between 10 and 18 years of age: 267 offspring of parents with bipolar I or II disorder and 217 community comparison offspring. Assessments occurred approximately every 2 years (mean number of assessments, 2.8 ± 0.8; mean follow-up duration, 3.8 ± 1.6 years). Offspring had a range of psychiatric diagnoses at baseline. Multivariate lasso regression was implemented to select offspring-reported sleep patterns associated with changes in five psychiatric symptom measures from baseline through last follow-up (mania, depression, mood lability, anxiety, inattention/externalizing). Analyses accounted for parent psychiatric diagnoses and offspring demographics, psychiatric diagnoses, and medications. RESULTS Follow-up duration, baseline socioeconomic status, parental history of bipolar disorder, offspring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and disruptive behavior disorder, and five sleep patterns were identified as predictors of change in all five psychiatric symptom measures. Decreasing sleep duration, later sleep timing preference, longer sleep latency, increasing nighttime awakenings, and greater sleepiness over follow-up were associated with increasing severity the five psychiatric symptom outcomes over follow-up. These 10 predictors explained 16% of the variance in longitudinal psychiatric symptom change, 33% of which was accounted for by sleep predictors. CONCLUSION A constellation of sleep features were associated with psychiatric symptom changes in youth, and may represent viable targets for future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Axelson
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Benjamin I. Goldstein
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, CA; University of Toronto, Ontario, CA
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Allen NB, Nelson BW, Brent D, Auerbach RP. Short-term prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents: Can recent developments in technology and computational science provide a breakthrough? J Affect Disord 2019; 250:163-169. [PMID: 30856493 PMCID: PMC6481940 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among adolescents, and developing effective methods to improve short-term prediction of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) is critical. Currently, the most robust predictors of STBs are demographic or clinical indicators that have relatively weak predictive value. However, there is an emerging literature on short-term prediction of suicide risk that has identified a number of promising candidates, including (but not limited to) rapid escalation of: (a) emotional distress, (b) social dysfunction (e.g., bullying, rejection), and (c) sleep disturbance. However, these prior studies are limited in two critical ways. First, they rely almost entirely on self-report. Second, most studies have not focused on assessment of these risk factors using intensive longitudinal assessment techniques that are able to capture the dynamics of changes in risk states at the individual level. METHOD In this paper we explore how to capitalize on recent developments in real-time monitoring methods and computational analysis in order to address these fundamental problems. RESULTS We now have the capacity to use: (a) smartphone, wearable computing, and smart home technology to conduct intensive longitudinal assessments monitoring of putative risk factors with minimal participant burden and (b) modern computational techniques to develop predictive algorithms for STBs. Current research and theory on short-term risk processes for STBs, combined with the emergent capabilities of new technologies, suggest that this is an important research agenda for the future. LIMITATIONS Although these approaches have enormous potential to create new knowledge, the current empirical literature is limited. Moreover, passive monitoring of risk for STBs raises complex ethical issues that will need to be resolved before large scale clinical applications are feasible. CONCLUSIONS Smartphone, wearable, and smart home technology may provide one point of access that might facilitate both early identification and intervention implementation, and thus, represents a key area for future STB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States; Center for Digital Mental Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States.
| | - Benjamin W Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States; Center for Digital Mental Health, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York City, United States; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York City, United States
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Sarveswaran G, Arikrishnan K, Krishnamoorthy Y, Sakthivel M, Majella MG, Lakshminarayanan S. Prevalence and determinants of poor quality of sleep among adolescents in rural Puducherry, South India. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2019; 33:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0101/ijamh-2018-0101.xml. [PMID: 30995204 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence is a critical stage of life which is characterized by rapid biological, social and emotional development. India has the highest adolescent population, however, there is paucity of literature reporting the sleep quality among adolescents. OBJECTIVE To determine the sleep quality and its associated factors among adolescents residing in selected villages of rural Puducherry. MATERIALS AND METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents during March and April 2018. Two out of four villages were randomly selected and all the adolescents were contacted through a household visit and a questionnaire was administered. The semi-structured questionnaire contained socio-demographic details of adolescents and details on living environment. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale. Sleep quality is expressed as a proportion with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The association of socio-demographic characteristics with poor sleep quality is reported as a prevalence ratio. RESULTS The total number of adolescents interviewed was 789. The mean age of the study participants was 14.1 (±2.4) years and the majority, 440 (55.8%) were boys and 684 (86.7%) belonged to a nuclear family. More than a quarter, 210 (26.6%) belonged to the middle class as regards socio-economic status. Environmental assessment of households showed more than half, 456 (57.8%) were staying in a "pucca" house and the majority, 642 (81.4%) had adequate cross ventilation. The prevalence of poor quality of sleep among the adolescents was 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6%-3.9%). It was found that higher educational level [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) - 3.43] and belonging to higher socio-economic class (aPR - 5.48) were found to be significant determinants for poor quality of sleep among adolescents. CONCLUSION The current study found that only 2.5% of the adolescents have poor sleep quality. Adolescents with higher educational level and higher socio-economic status were more prone to have poor quality of sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Sarveswaran
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
| | - Kalaiselvy Arikrishnan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
| | - Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
- Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Community Medicine, Pondicherry, India
| | - Manikandanesan Sakthivel
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
| | - Marie Gilbert Majella
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
| | - Subitha Lakshminarayanan
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education, Pondicherry, India
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234
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Sleep Timing in Patients with Precocious and Delayed Pubertal Development. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:140-150. [PMID: 33089160 PMCID: PMC7509672 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a shift in the timing of sleep during adolescence toward a later time. To date, it is unclear whether hormonal changes during puberty might contribute to this change in sleeping behavior. We systematically assessed pubertal development and sleep timing in a cross-sectional case-control study in girls with precocious (n = 42) and boys with delayed pubertal development (n = 19). We used the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire and the Children’s ChronoType Questionnaire to assess sleep timing in patients and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 309) and used the midpoint of sleep on free days, corrected for potential sleep debt accumulated during the school week, as a marker for sleep timing. Compared to the controls, girls with central precocious puberty showed a delay in sleep timing of 54 min, and girls with premature pubarche slept on average 30 min later. Male adolescents with delayed pubertal development showed an average sleep midpoint that was 40 min earlier compared to the control group. The results of this pilot study suggest an association between pubertal onset and shifts in sleep timing, which is a novel finding in human sleep behavior. Prospective studies in larger cohorts will be needed to examine the robustness and generalizability of the findings.
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235
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Quante M, Khandpur N, Kontos EZ, Bakker JP, Owens JA, Redline S. "Let's talk about sleep": a qualitative examination of levers for promoting healthy sleep among sleep-deprived vulnerable adolescents. Sleep Med 2018; 60:81-88. [PMID: 30606643 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficient sleep is highly prevalent in disadvantaged adolescents and contributes to a range of adverse health and behavioral outcomes. We examined mediating mechanisms and strategies that adolescents adopt to improve sleep, and possible levers for promoting sleep in this population. METHODS We conducted three focus groups (N = 27 total, age 14-18 years) in adolescents living in low- and middle-income racially/ethnically diverse neighborhoods of Boston, Massachusetts. Participants completed a survey on their sleep and health habits prior to the moderator-led discussions. Discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. RESULTS The study population did not meet the minimum sleep recommendations, and we found a high prevalence of "social jet-lag." We also identified a disconnect between the acknowledgment of the importance of sleep and actual behavior, especially for electronic use. Phone use and screen time were the most commonly cited barriers to a good night's sleep, along with caffeine consumption, which was also high in this sample. There was also a general lack of awareness of sleep hygiene practices and recommendations. Participants reported regulating food intake and physical activity, using allopathic sleep aids, creating a comfortable sleeping environment, and a routine as some strategies to improve sleep. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest facilitating the linkage between participant-generated mediating factors and strategies for better-designed interventions. These include making the negative impact of sleep on health more explicit, improving youth awareness about sleep hygiene, targeting caffeine consumption and electronic use, and introducing sleep recommendations through appropriate and effective channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Quante
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Z Kontos
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessie P Bakker
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judith A Owens
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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236
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Weaver MD, Barger LK, Malone SK, Anderson LS, Klerman EB. Dose-Dependent Associations Between Sleep Duration and Unsafe Behaviors Among US High School Students. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172:1187-1189. [PMID: 30285029 PMCID: PMC6366445 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Weaver
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | - Laura K. Barger
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
| | | | | | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School
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237
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Hestetun I, Svendsen MV, Oellingrath IM. Sleep problems and mental health among young Norwegian adolescents. Nord J Psychiatry 2018; 72:578-585. [PMID: 30296874 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2018.1499043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the associations between the aspects of sleep problems and mental health in Norwegian young adolescents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adolescents (12-13 years) were recruited from the primary schools in Telemark County, Norway. Sleep related problems were assessed by asking parents three questions related to their childrens' sleep quality, sleep sufficiency, and daytime sleepiness. Parents reported data on mental health by the extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and information on the child's physical activity, screen time, eating pattern, gender, and background variables. Height and weight were objectively measured. Complete data were obtained for 690 adolescents. RESULTS Multiple logistic regressions were used. Bivariate analyses indicated important associations between the sleep aspects and mental health. When adjusting the sleep variables for each other, lifestyle factors and background variables, sleep quality problems were associated with any psychiatric problem (ORadj: 4.0, CI: 2.0-8.2), emotional problems (ORadj: 15.1, CI: 3.4-66.8), and hyperactivity-inattention problems (ORadj: 5.1, CI: 2.2-12.1). Daytime sleepiness problems were associated with any psychiatric problem (ORadj: 2.3, CI: 1.2-4.4), and hyperactivity-inattention problems (ORadj: 2.5, CI: 1.1-5.5). Bivariate associations between problems with sufficient sleep and mental health problems lost the significance when adjusted for other sleep variables. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that different aspects of sleep problems may be important underlying factors for mental health problems in adolescents, independently of lifestyle factors, BMI-category, gender, and background variables. This highlights the importance of examining specific sleep problems when investigating associations between sleep and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg Hestetun
- a Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry , Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Martin Veel Svendsen
- b Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine , Telemark Hospital , Skien , Norway
| | - Inger Margaret Oellingrath
- c Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Sciences , University of Southeast Norway , Porsgrunn , Norway
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238
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Hardee JE, Cope LM, Martz ME, Heitzeg MM. Review of Neurobiological Influences on Externalizing and Internalizing Pathways to Alcohol Use Disorder. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2018; 5:249-262. [PMID: 31768306 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-018-0166-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review Two developmental courses through which alcohol use disorder (AUD) may emerge include externalizing and internalizing pathways. We review recent neuroimaging studies of potential neural risk factors for AUD and link findings to potential behavioral risk factors for AUD. Recent findings There is evidence that early-emerging weakness in prefrontal functioning and later-emerging differences in reward-system functioning contribute to an externalizing risk pathway. Stress may be an important contributor in the internalizing pathway through a blunting of reward-related activation, which may act alone or in combination with heightened emotion-related reactivity. Summary This review highlights areas for future work, including investigation of the relative balance between prefrontal and subcortical circuitry, attention to stages of AUD, and consideration of environmental factors such as stress and sleep. Particularly important is longitudinal work to understand the temporal ordering of associations among brain maturation, behavioral risk, and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian E Hardee
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lora M Cope
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Meghan E Martz
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mary M Heitzeg
- University of Michigan, Department of Psychiatry and Addiction Center, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI
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239
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Sleep and mindfulness meditation as they relate to false memory. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018; 84:1084-1111. [PMID: 30244286 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-018-1098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By a systematic analysis of the current literature, we compare two states of sleep and meditation in terms of their role in the formation or suppression of Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false memory. We aim to suggest that the occurrence of false memory under these two states is a result of reinforcing some abilities and changes in cognitive systems which can ultimately improve some aspects of cognitive functions. In our analogy, we propose that: (1) both sleep and meditation may improve source monitoring ability whose failure is one of the most important mechanisms in producing false memories, and (2) despite improvement in source monitoring ability, adaptive cognitive processes, as mechanisms which are common in sleep and meditation, can still produce false memories. In conclusion, we propose that in spite of their contribution to false memory through adaptive processes, the beneficial role of sleep and meditation in cognition may be more prominent than their harmful role.
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240
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Hahn M, Joechner AK, Roell J, Schabus M, Heib DP, Gruber G, Peigneux P, Hoedlmoser K. Developmental changes of sleep spindles and their impact on sleep-dependent memory consolidation and general cognitive abilities: A longitudinal approach. Dev Sci 2018; 22:e12706. [PMID: 30252185 PMCID: PMC6492121 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep spindles are related to sleep‐dependent memory consolidation and general cognitive abilities. However, they undergo drastic maturational changes during adolescence. Here we used a longitudinal approach (across 7 years) to explore whether developmental changes in sleep spindle density can explain individual differences in sleep‐dependent memory consolidation and general cognitive abilities. Ambulatory polysomnography was recorded during four nights in 34 healthy subjects (24 female) with two nights (baseline and experimental) at initial recording (age range 8–11 years) and two nights at follow‐up recording (age range 14–18 years). For declarative learning, participants encoded word pairs with a subsequent recall before and after sleep. General cognitive abilities were measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Higher slow (11–13 Hz) than fast (13–15 Hz) spindle density at frontal, central, and parietal sites during initial recordings, followed by a shift to higher fast than slow spindle density at central and parietal sites during follow‐up recordings, suggest that mature spindle topography develops throughout adolescence. Fast spindle density increases from baseline to experimental night were positively related to sleep‐dependent memory consolidation. In addition, we found that the development of fast spindles predicted the improvement in memory consolidation across the two longitudinal measurements, a finding that underlines a crucial role for mature fast spindles for sleep‐dependent memory consolidation. Furthermore, slow spindle changes across adolescence were related to general cognitive abilities, a relationship that could indicate the maturation of frontal networks relevant for efficient cognitive processing. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7NXJzm8HbIw and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iuMQY1OIJ0s
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hahn
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ann-Kathrin Joechner
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Judith Roell
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Manuel Schabus
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dominik Pj Heib
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Gruber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Siesta Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN - Centre de Recherches en Cognition et Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Kerstin Hoedlmoser
- Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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241
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Mazzilli Louzada F, Isabel Ribeiro Pereira S. Adolescents’ sleep/wake patterns and school schedules: towards flexibility. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1491263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Mazzilli Louzada
- Human Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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242
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Blake MJ, Trinder JA, Allen NB. Mechanisms underlying the association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence: Implications for behavioral sleep interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 2018; 63:25-40. [PMID: 29879564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is robust evidence of an association between insomnia, anxiety, and depression in adolescence. The aim of this review is to describe and synthesize potential mechanisms underlying this association and explore implications for the design of adolescent behavioral sleep interventions. Specifically, we examine whether insomnia symptoms are a mechanism for the development of internalizing symptoms in adolescence and whether sleep interventions are an effective treatment for both insomnia and internalizing symptoms in adolescence because they target the shared mechanisms underlying these disorders. Research using different methodologies points to the role of sequential, parallel, and interacting mechanisms. In this paper, we review a wide range of relevant biological (i.e., polymorphisms and dysregulation in serotonin, dopamine, and circadian clock genes; alterations in corticolimbic and mesolimbic brain circuits; cortisol reactivity to stress; inflammatory cytokine dysregulation; biased memory consolidation; changes in sleep architecture), psychological (i.e., cognitive inflexibility, interpretational biases, judgment biases, negative attribution styles, worry, rumination, biased attention to threat, dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep, misperception of sleep deficit), and social mechanisms (i.e., reduced and impaired social interactions, unhelpful parenting behaviors, family stress) and propose an integrative multilevel model of how these phenomena may interact to increase vulnerability to both insomnia and internalizing disorders. Several 'biopsychosocial' mechanisms hold promise as viable treatment targets for adolescent behavioral sleep interventions, which may reduce both insomnia and internalizing symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Blake
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - John A Trinder
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicholas B Allen
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia; Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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243
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Markovic A, Achermann P, Rusterholz T, Tarokh L. Heritability of Sleep EEG Topography in Adolescence: Results from a Longitudinal Twin Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7334. [PMID: 29743546 PMCID: PMC5943340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The topographic distribution of sleep EEG power is a reflection of brain structure and function. The goal of this study was to examine the degree to which genes contribute to sleep EEG topography during adolescence, a period of brain restructuring and maturation. We recorded high-density sleep EEG in monozygotic (MZ; n = 28) and dizygotic (DZ; n = 22) adolescent twins (mean age = 13.2 ± 1.1 years) at two time points 6 months apart. The topographic distribution of normalized sleep EEG power was examined for the frequency bands delta (1-4.6 Hz) to gamma 2 (34.2-44 Hz) during NREM and REM sleep. We found highest heritability values in the beta band for NREM and REM sleep (0.44 ≤ h2 ≤ 0.57), while environmental factors shared amongst twin siblings accounted for the variance in the delta to sigma bands (0.59 ≤ c2 ≤ 0.83). Given that both genetic and environmental factors are reflected in sleep EEG topography, our results suggest that topography may provide a rich metric by which to understand brain function. Furthermore, the frequency specific parsing of the influence of genetic from environmental factors on topography suggests functionally distinct networks and reveals the mechanisms that shape these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjela Markovic
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Interdisciplinary Sleep Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Tarokh
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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244
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Goossens L. Loneliness in Adolescence: Insights From Cacioppo's Evolutionary Model. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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245
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Verhoeff ME, Blanken LME, Kocevska D, Mileva-Seitz VR, Jaddoe VWV, White T, Verhulst F, Luijk MPCM, Tiemeier H. The bidirectional association between sleep problems and autism spectrum disorder: a population-based cohort study. Mol Autism 2018; 9:8. [PMID: 29423134 PMCID: PMC5791216 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep difficulties are prevalent in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The temporal nature of the association between sleep problems and ASD is unclear because longitudinal studies are lacking. Our aim is to clarify whether sleep problems precede and worsen autistic traits and ASD or occur as a consequence of the disorder. Methods Repeated sleep measures were available at 1.5, 3, 6, and 9 years of age in 5151 children participating in the Generation R Study, a large prospective birth cohort in the Netherlands. Autistic traits were determined with the Pervasive Developmental Problems score (PDP) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at 1.5 and 3 years and the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) at 6 years. This cohort included 81 children diagnosed with ASD. Results Sleep problems in early childhood were prospectively associated with a higher SRS score, but not when correcting for baseline PDP score. By contrast, a higher SRS score and an ASD diagnosis were associated with more sleep problems at later ages, even when adjusting for baseline sleep problems. Likewise, a trajectory of increasing sleep problems was associated with ASD. Conclusions Sleep problems and ASD are not bidirectionally associated. Sleep problems do not precede and worsen autistic behavior but rather co-occur with autistic traits in early childhood. Over time, children with ASD have an increase in sleep problems, whereas typically developing children have a decrease in sleep problems. Our findings suggest that sleep problems are part of the construct ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Verhoeff
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Laura M E Blanken
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- 1The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,3Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,4Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tonya White
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands.,5Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Verhulst
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands
| | - Maartje P C M Luijk
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands.,6Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- 2Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, 2060, Rotterdam, 3000 CB the Netherlands.,4Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,7Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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246
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Restoring Serotonergic Homeostasis in the Lateral Hypothalamus Rescues Sleep Disturbances Induced by Early-Life Obesity. J Neurosci 2017; 38:441-451. [PMID: 29196316 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1333-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life obesity predisposes to obesity in adulthood, a condition with broad medical implications including sleep disorders, which can exacerbate metabolic disturbances and disrupt cognitive and affective behaviors. In this study, we examined the long-term impact of transient peripubertal diet-induced obesity (ppDIO, induced between 4 and 10 weeks of age) on sleep-wake behavior in male mice. EEG and EMG recordings revealed that ppDIO increases sleep during the active phase but reduces resting-phase sleep quality. This impaired sleep phenotype persisted for up to 1 year, although animals were returned to a non-obesiogenic diet from postnatal week 11 onwards. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for the ppDIO-induced alterations in sleep, we focused on the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Mice exposed to ppDIO did not show altered mRNA expression levels of orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone, two peptides that are important for sleep-wake behavior and food intake. Conversely, the LH of ppDIO-exposed mice had reduced contents of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a neurotransmitter involved in both sleep-wake and satiety regulation. Interestingly, an acute peripheral injection of the satiety-signaling peptide YY 3-36 increased 5-HT turnover in the LH and ameliorated the ppDIO-induced sleep disturbances, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this peptide. These findings provide new insights into how sleep-wake behavior is programmed during early life and how peripheral and central signals are integrated to coordinate sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adult physiology and behavior are strongly influenced by dynamic reorganization of the brain during puberty. The present work shows that obesity during puberty leads to persistently dysregulated patterns of sleep and wakefulness by blunting serotonergic signaling in the lateral hypothalamus. It also shows that pharmacological mimicry of satiety with peptide YY3-36 can reverse this neurochemical imbalance and acutely restore sleep composition. These findings add insight into how innate behaviors such as feeding and sleep are integrated and suggest a novel mechanism through which diet-induced obesity during puberty imposes its long-lasting effects on sleep-wake behavior.
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Watson EJ, Coates AM, Banks S, Kohler M. Total dietary sugar consumption does not influence sleep or behaviour in Australian children. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:503-512. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1386628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily J. Watson
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alison M. Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark Kohler
- Centre for Sleep Research, School of Psychology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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248
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Williams CN, Kirby A, Piantino J. If You Build It, They Will Come: Initial Experience with a Multi-Disciplinary Pediatric Neurocritical Care Follow-Up Clinic. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4090083. [PMID: 28925974 PMCID: PMC5615273 DOI: 10.3390/children4090083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Neurocritical Care diagnoses account for a large proportion of intensive care admissions. Critical care survivors suffer high rates of long-term morbidity, including physical disability, cognitive impairment, and psychosocial dysfunction. To address these morbidities in Pediatric Neurocritical Care survivors, collaboration between Pediatric Neurology and Pediatric Critical Care created a multidisciplinary follow-up clinic providing specialized evaluations after discharge. Clinic referrals apply to all Pediatric Neurocritical Care patients regardless of admission severity of illness. Here, we report an initial case series, which revealed a population that is heterogenous in age, ranging from 1 month to 18 years, and in diagnoses. Traumatic brain injuries of varying severity as well as neuroinfectious and inflammatory diseases accounted for the majority of referrals. Most patients (87%) seen in the clinic had morbidities identified, requiring ongoing evaluation and expansion of the clinic. Cognitive and psychological disturbance were seen in over half of patients at the initial clinic follow-up. Sleep disturbances, daytime fatigue, headache or chronic pain, and vision or hearing concerns were also common at initial follow-up. Data from this initial population of clinic patients reiterates the need for specialized follow-up care, but also highlights the difficulties related to providing this comprehensive care and evaluating interventions to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cydni N Williams
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 707 SW Gaines St, CDRC-P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Aileen Kirby
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 707 SW Gaines St, CDRC-P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
| | - Juan Piantino
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, 707 SW Gaines St, CDRC-P, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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249
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Goldstone A, Willoughby AR, de Zambotti M, Franzen PL, Kwon D, Pohl KM, Pfefferbaum A, Sullivan EV, Müller-Oehring EM, Prouty DE, Hasler BP, Clark DB, Colrain IM, Baker FC. The mediating role of cortical thickness and gray matter volume on sleep slow-wave activity during adolescence. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:669-685. [PMID: 28913599 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During the course of adolescence, reductions occur in cortical thickness and gray matter (GM) volume, along with a 65% reduction in slow-wave (delta) activity during sleep (SWA) but empirical data linking these structural brain and functional sleep differences, is lacking. Here, we investigated specifically whether age-related differences in cortical thickness and GM volume and cortical thickness accounted for the typical age-related difference in slow-wave (delta) activity (SWA) during sleep. 132 healthy participants (age 12-21 years) from the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence study were included in this cross-sectional analysis of baseline polysomnographic, electroencephalographic, and magnetic resonance imaging data. By applying mediation models, we identified a large, direct effect of age on SWA in adolescents, which explained 45% of the variance in ultra-SWA (0.3-1 Hz) and 52% of the variance in delta-SWA (1 to <4 Hz), where SWA was lower in older adolescents, as has been reported previously. In addition, we provide evidence that the structure of several, predominantly frontal, and parietal brain regions, partially mediated this direct age effect, models including measures of brain structure explained an additional 3-9% of the variance in ultra-SWA and 4-5% of the variance in delta-SWA, with no differences between sexes. Replacing age with pubertal status in models produced similar results. As reductions in GM volume and cortical thickness likely indicate synaptic pruning and myelination, these results suggest that diminished SWA in older, more mature adolescents may largely be driven by such processes within a number of frontal and parietal brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Goldstone
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Adrian R Willoughby
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Massimiliano de Zambotti
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Peter L Franzen
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dongjin Kwon
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kilian M Pohl
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adolf Pfefferbaum
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Edith V Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eva M Müller-Oehring
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Devin E Prouty
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Brant P Hasler
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Duncan B Clark
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ian M Colrain
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona C Baker
- Centre for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA. .,Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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250
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Stheneur C, Sznajder M, Spiry C, Marcu Marin M, Ghout I, Samb P, Benoist G. Sleep duration, quality of life and depression in adolescents: a school-based survey. Minerva Pediatr 2017. [PMID: 28643991 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.17.04818-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main objective of this study was to assess the link between sleep duration, quality of life and depression in adolescents. The secondary objective was to study the sleeping behavior of a large sample of adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds. METHODS Study subjects were high school students studying in or around Paris with a general, vocational or technological training background. A survey was conducted to evaluate the subject's perception of their own sleep, quality of life and depression. RESULTS The survey analyzed 855 students between 14 and 19 years of age, with equal numbers of males and females. The average sleep duration was 7 h 14 min ±1 h 20 min and was inversely correlated with age (r=-0.142, P<0.01). Students studying vocational subjects reported significantly more sleep than students studying technological subjects (P=0.02). Univariate analyses revealed a positive relationship between sleep duration and quality of life (r=0.17, P<0.001) and an inverse relationship between sleep duration and depression (r=-0.5, P<0.001). Multivariate analyses identified depression, delayed sleep phase disorder, and medical condition as determinants of sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS This investigation of a large student cohort has confirmed that the average sleep duration in adolescents is far below what is recommended. Depression significantly influenced sleep duration. We recommend that a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of sleep should be made during the medical examination of any adolescent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Stheneur
- Adolescent Medicine Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sainte Justine University Hospital, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marc Sznajder
- Department of Pediatrics, AP-HP, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Boulogne, France - .,Department of Pediatrics, Coubevoie-Neuilly sur Seine General Hospital, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Camille Spiry
- Department of Pediatrics, Coubevoie-Neuilly sur Seine General Hospital, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marianna Marcu Marin
- Department of Pediatrics, Coubevoie-Neuilly sur Seine General Hospital, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Idir Ghout
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, AP-HP, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Boulogne, France
| | - Patricia Samb
- Department of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, AP-HP, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Boulogne, France
| | - Grégoire Benoist
- Department of Pediatrics, AP-HP, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Boulogne, France
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