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Xue X, Yang JY, He Y, Wang LR, Liu P, Yu LS, Bi GH, Zhu MM, Liu YY, Xiang RW, Yang XT, Fan XY, Wang XM, Qi J, Zhang HJ, Wei T, Cui W, Ge GL, Xi ZX, Wu CF, Liang XJ. Aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes attenuate the behavioural and neurochemical effects of methamphetamine in mice. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:613-20. [PMID: 26974957 PMCID: PMC5535299 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a serious social and health problem worldwide. At present, there are no effective medications to treat METH addiction. Here, we report that aggregated single-walled carbon nanotubes (aSWNTs) significantly inhibited METH self-administration, METH-induced conditioned place preference and METH- or cue-induced relapse to drug-seeking behaviour in mice. The use of aSWNTs alone did not significantly alter the mesolimbic dopamine system, whereas pretreatment with aSWNTs attenuated METH-induced increases in extracellular dopamine in the ventral striatum. Electrochemical assays suggest that aSWNTs facilitated dopamine oxidation. In addition, aSWNTs attenuated METH-induced increases in tyrosine hydroxylase or synaptic protein expression. These findings suggest that aSWNTs may have therapeutic effects for treatment of METH addiction by oxidation of METH-enhanced extracellular dopamine in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xue
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yi He
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Li-Rong Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li-Sha Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yue-Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Rong-Wu Xiang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Information, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tuo Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guang-Lu Ge
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
- ; ;
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- ; ;
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- ; ;
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202
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Mulholland PJ, Chandler LJ, Kalivas PW. Signals from the Fourth Dimension Regulate Drug Relapse. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:472-485. [PMID: 27173064 PMCID: PMC4930682 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the enormous societal burden of alcohol and drug addiction and abundant research describing drug-induced maladaptive synaptic plasticity, there are few effective strategies for treating substance use disorders. Recent awareness that synaptic plasticity involves astroglia and the extracellular matrix is revealing new possibilities for understanding and treating addiction. We first review constitutive corticostriatal adaptations that are elicited by and shared between all abused drugs from the perspective of tetrapartite synapses, and integrate recent discoveries regarding cell type-specificity in striatal neurons. Next, we describe recent discoveries that drug-seeking is associated with transient synaptic plasticity that requires all four synaptic elements and is shared across drug classes. Finally, we prognosticate how considering tetrapartite synapses can provide new treatment strategies for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Mulholland
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - L Judson Chandler
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Peter W Kalivas
- Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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203
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Wang GY, Kydd RR, Russell BR. Quantitative EEG and Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (LORETA) Imaging of Patients Undergoing Methadone Treatment for Opiate Addiction. Clin EEG Neurosci 2016; 47:180-7. [PMID: 26002855 DOI: 10.1177/1550059415586705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been used as a treatment for opiate dependence since the mid-1960s. Evidence suggests that methadone binds to mu opiate receptors as do other opiates and induces changes in neurophysiological function. However, little is known, about how neural activity within the higher frequency gamma band (>30 Hz) while at rest changes in those stabilized on MMT despite its association with the excitation-inhibition balance within pyramidal-interneuron networks. Our study investigated differences in resting gamma power (37-41 Hz) between patients undergoing MMT for opiate dependence, illicit opiate users, and healthy controls subjects. Electroencephalographic data were recorded from 26 sites according to the international 10-20 system. Compared with the healthy controls subjects, people either undergoing MMT (mean difference [MD] = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.09-0.55, P < .01) or currently using illicit opiates (MD = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.06-0.56, P = .01) exhibited significant increased gamma power. The sLORETA (standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography) between-group comparison revealed dysfunctional neuronal activity in the occipital, parietal, and frontal lobes in the patients undergoing MMT. A more severe profile of dysfunction was observed in those using illicit opiates. Our findings suggest that long-term exposure to opioids is associated with disrupted resting state network, which may be reduced after MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robert R Kydd
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce R Russell
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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204
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Peterson EC, Ewing LE. Nanomedicine: Going small to beat the high. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 11:580-581. [PMID: 26974956 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
| | - Laura E Ewing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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205
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Singer BF, Bubula N, Li D, Przybycien-Szymanska MM, Bindokas VP, Vezina P. Drug-Paired Contextual Stimuli Increase Dendritic Spine Dynamics in Select Nucleus Accumbens Neurons. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2178-87. [PMID: 26979294 PMCID: PMC4908651 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to amphetamine leads to both associative conditioning and nonassociative sensitization. Here we assessed the contribution of neuronal ensembles in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) to these behaviors. Animals exposed to amphetamine IP or in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) showed a sensitized locomotor response when challenged with amphetamine weeks later. Both exposure routes also increased ΔFosB levels in the NAcc. Further characterization of these ΔFosB+ neurons, however, revealed that amphetamine had no effect on dendritic spine density or size, indicating that these neurons do not undergo changes in dendritic spine morphology that accompany the expression of nonassociative sensitization. Additional experiments determined how neurons in the NAcc contribute to the expression of associative conditioning. A discrimination learning procedure was used to expose rats to IP or VTA amphetamine either Paired or Unpaired with an open field. As expected, compared with Controls, Paired rats administered IP amphetamine subsequently showed a conditioned locomotor response when challenged with saline in the open field, an effect accompanied by an increase in c-Fos+ neurons in the medial NAcc. Further characterization of these c-Fos+ cells revealed that Paired rats showed an increase in the density of dendritic spines and the frequency of medium-sized spines in the NAcc. In contrast, Paired rats previously exposed to VTA amphetamine showed neither conditioned locomotion nor conditioned c-Fos+ expression. Together, these results suggest a role for c-Fos+ neurons in the medial NAcc and rapid changes in the morphology of their dendritic spines in the expression of conditioning evoked by amphetamine-paired contextual stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan F Singer
- Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, 5841 S Maryland Avenue, MC 3077, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, Tel: +0 773 702 2890, Fax: +1 773 702 0857, E-mail:
| | - Nancy Bubula
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Vytautas P Bindokas
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul Vezina
- Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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206
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207
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Lubbers BR, Matos MR, Horn A, Visser E, Van der Loo RC, Gouwenberg Y, Meerhoff GF, Frischknecht R, Seidenbecher CI, Smit AB, Spijker S, van den Oever MC. The Extracellular Matrix Protein Brevican Limits Time-Dependent Enhancement of Cocaine Conditioned Place Preference. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:1907-16. [PMID: 26711251 PMCID: PMC4869060 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine-associated environmental cues sustain relapse vulnerability by reactivating long-lasting memories of cocaine reward. During periods of abstinence, responding to cocaine cues can time-dependently intensify a phenomenon referred to as 'incubation of cocaine craving'. Here, we investigated the role of the extracellular matrix protein brevican in recent (1 day after training) and remote (3 weeks after training) expression of cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP). Wild-type and Brevican heterozygous knock-out mice, which express brevican at ~50% of wild-type levels, received three cocaine-context pairings using a relatively low dose of cocaine (5 mg/kg). In a drug-free CPP test, heterozygous mice showed enhanced preference for the cocaine-associated context at the remote time point compared with the recent time point. This progressive increase was not observed in wild-type mice and it did not generalize to contextual-fear memory. Virally mediated overexpression of brevican levels in the hippocampus, but not medial prefrontal cortex, of heterozygous mice prevented the progressive increase in cocaine CPP, but only when overexpression was induced before conditioning. Post-conditioning overexpression of brevican did not affect remote cocaine CPP, suggesting that brevican limited the increase in remote CPP by altering neuro-adaptive mechanisms during cocaine conditioning. We provide causal evidence that hippocampal brevican levels control time-dependent enhancement of cocaine CPP during abstinence, pointing to a novel substrate that regulates incubation of responding to cocaine-associated cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart R Lubbers
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariana R Matos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Horn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Visser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolinka C Van der Loo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Gouwenberg
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F Meerhoff
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Constanze I Seidenbecher
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - August B Smit
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Spijker
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel C van den Oever
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tel: +31 20 598 7120, Fax: +31 20 5989281, E-mail:
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208
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Khibnik LA, Beaumont M, Doyle M, Heshmati M, Slesinger PA, Nestler EJ, Russo SJ. Stress and Cocaine Trigger Divergent and Cell Type-Specific Regulation of Synaptic Transmission at Single Spines in Nucleus Accumbens. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:898-905. [PMID: 26164802 PMCID: PMC4670821 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated exposure to cocaine or social stress leads to lasting structural and functional synaptic alterations in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of nucleus accumbens (NAc). Although cocaine-induced and stress-induced structural changes in dendritic spines have been well documented, few studies have investigated functional consequences of cocaine and stress at the level of single spines. METHODS We exposed mice to chronic cocaine or chronic social defeat stress and used two-photon laser scanning microscopy with glutamate photo-uncaging and whole-cell recording to examine synaptic strength at individual spines on two distinct types of NAc MSNs in acute slices after 24 hours of cocaine withdrawal and after chronic social defeat stress. RESULTS In animals treated with cocaine, average synaptic strength was reduced specifically at large mushroom spines of MSNs expressing dopamine receptor type 1 (D1-MSNs). In contrast, cocaine promoted a rightward shift in the distribution of synaptic weights toward larger synaptic responses in MSNs expressing dopamine receptor type 2 (D2-MSNs). After chronic social defeat stress, resilient animals displayed an upregulation of synaptic strength at large mushroom spines of D1-MSNs and a concomitant downregulation in D2-MSNs. Although susceptible mice did not exhibit a significant overall change in synaptic strength on D1-MSNs or D2-MSNs, we observed a slight leftward shift in cumulative distribution of large synaptic responses in both cell types. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first functional cell type-specific and spine type-specific comparison of synaptic strength at a single spine level between cocaine-induced and stress-induced neuroadaptations and demonstrates that psychoactive drugs and stress trigger divergent changes in synaptic function in NAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena A. Khibnik
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Michael Beaumont
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Marie Doyle
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Mitra Heshmati
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Corresponding author: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Room 10-20A, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, Tel: (212)659-5917,
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209
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Wallin-Miller K, Li G, Kelishani D, Wood RI. Anabolic-androgenic steroids decrease dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens of male rats. Neuroscience 2016; 330:72-8. [PMID: 27238893 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) modify cognitive processes such as decision making and behavioral flexibility. However, the neural mechanisms underlying these AAS-induced cognitive changes remain poorly understood. The mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) system, particularly the nucleus accumbens (Acb), is important for reward, motivated behavior, and higher cognitive processes such as decision making. Therefore, AAS-induced plasticity in the DA system is a potential structural substrate for the observed cognitive alterations. High doses of testosterone (the most commonly-used AAS) increase dendritic spine density in limbic regions including the amygdala and hippocampus. However, effects on Acb are unknown. This was the focus of the present study. Adolescent male Long-Evans rats were treated chronically for 8weeks with high-dose testosterone (7.5mg/kg in water with 13% cyclodextrin) or vehicle sc. Brains were stained by Golgi-Cox to analyze neuronal morphology in medium spiny neurons of the shell region of Acb (AcbSh). Eightweeks of testosterone treatment significantly decreased spine density in AcbSh compared to brains of vehicle-treated rats (F1,14=5.455, p<0.05). Testosterone did not significantly affect total spine number, dendritic length, or arborization measured by Sholl analysis. These results show that AAS alter neuronal morphology in AcbSh by decreasing spine density throughout the dendritic tree, and provides a potential mechanism for AAS to modify cognition and decision-making behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Wallin-Miller
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Grace Li
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Diana Kelishani
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Ruth I Wood
- Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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210
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Prenatal ketamine exposure causes abnormal development of prefrontal cortex in rat. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26865. [PMID: 27226073 PMCID: PMC4881038 DOI: 10.1038/srep26865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is commonly used for anesthesia and as a recreational drug. In pregnant users, a potential neurotoxicity in offspring has been noted. Our previous work demonstrated that ketamine exposure of pregnant rats induces affective disorders and cognitive impairments in offspring. As the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critically involved in emotional and cognitive processes, here we studied whether maternal ketamine exposure influences the development of the PFC in offspring. Pregnant rats on gestational day 14 were treated with ketamine at a sedative dose for 2 hrs, and pups were studied at postnatal day 0 (P0) or P30. We found that maternal ketamine exposure resulted in cell apoptosis and neuronal loss in fetal brain. Upon ketamine exposure in utero, PFC neurons at P30 showed more dendritic branching, while cultured neurons from P0 PFC extended shorter neurites than controls. In addition, maternal ketamine exposure postponed the switch of NR2B/2A expression, and perturbed pre- and postsynaptic protein expression in the PFC. These data suggest that prenatal ketamine exposure impairs neuronal development of the PFC, which may be associated with abnormal behavior in offsprings.
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211
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The effects of amphetamine exposure on juvenile rats on the neuronal morphology of the limbic system at prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal ages. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 77:68-77. [PMID: 27208629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamines (AMPH) are psychostimulants widely used for therapy as well as for recreational purposes. Previous results of our group showed that AMPH exposure in pregnant rats induces physiological and behavioral changes in the offspring at prepubertal and postpubertal ages. In addition, several reports have shown that AMPH are capable of modifying the morphology of neurons in some regions of the limbic system. These modifications can cause some psychiatric conditions. However, it is still unclear if there are changes to behavioral and morphological levels when low doses of AMPH are administered at a juvenile age. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of AMPH administration (1mg/kg) in Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal day, PD21-PD35) on locomotor activity in a novel environment and compare the neuronal morphology of limbic system areas at three different ages: prepubertal (PD 36), pubertal (PD50) and postpubertal (PD 62). We found that AMPH altered locomotor activity in the prepubertal group, but did not have an effect on the other two age groups. The Golgi-Cox staining method was used to describe the neural morphology of five limbic regions: (Layers 3 and 5) the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, the nucleus accumbens and the amygdala, showing that AMPH induced changes at pubertal ages in arborization and spine density of these neurons, but interestingly these changes did not persist at postpubertal ages. Our findings suggest that even early-life AMPH exposure does not induce long-term behavioral and morphological changes, however it causes alterations at pubertal ages in the limbic system networks, a stage of life strongly associated with the development of substance abuse behaviors.
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212
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Wittwer A, Hulka LM, Heinimann HR, Vonmoos M, Quednow BB. Risky Decisions in a Lottery Task Are Associated with an Increase of Cocaine Use. Front Psychol 2016; 7:640. [PMID: 27242574 PMCID: PMC4860409 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder is associated with maladaptive decision-making behavior, which strongly contributes to the harmful consequences of chronic drug use. Prior research has shown that cocaine users exhibit impaired neuropsychological test performances, particularly with regard to attention, learning, and memory but also in executive functions such as decision-making and impulse control. However, to what extent cocaine users show impaired decision-making under risk without feedback has not yet been investigated systematically. Therefore, to examine risk-taking behavior, 31 chronic cocaine users and 26 stimulant-naïve healthy controls who were part of the Zurich Cocaine Cognition Study, performed the Randomized Lottery Task (RALT) with winning lotteries consisting of an uncertain and a certain prospect. Results revealed that risky decisions were associated with male sex, increased cocaine use in the past year, higher cocaine concentrations in the hair, and younger age. In addition, higher levels of cocaine in the hair and cumulative lifetime consumption were associated with risky decisions, whereas potentially confounding factors including cognition and psychiatric symptoms had no significant effect. Taken together, our results indicate that cocaine users who increased their consumption over a period of 1 year show deficits in the processing of risky information accompanied with increased risk-taking. Future research should analyse whether risky decisions could potentially serve as a prognostic marker for cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrei Wittwer
- Collegium Helveticum, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lea M Hulka
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Center for Addictive Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans R Heinimann
- Future Resilient Systems, Singapore-ETH CentreSingapore, Singapore; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH ZurichZurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Vonmoos
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Boris B Quednow
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital, University of ZurichZurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ZurichZurich, Switzerland
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213
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Wong SA, Thapa R, Badenhorst CA, Briggs AR, Sawada JA, Gruber AJ. Opposing effects of acute and chronic d-amphetamine on decision-making in rats. Neuroscience 2016; 345:218-228. [PMID: 27113327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine and other drugs of abuse have both short-term and long-lasting effects on brain function, and drug sensitization paradigms often result in chronic impairments in behavioral flexibility. Here we show that acute amphetamine administration temporarily renders rats less sensitive to reward omission, as revealed by a decrease in lose-shift responding during a binary choice task. Intracerebral infusions of amphetamine into the ventral striatum did not affect lose-shift responding but did increase impulsive behavior in which rats chose to check both reward feeders before beginning the next trial. In contrast to acute systemic and intracerebral infusions, sensitization through repeated exposure induced long-lasting increased sensitivity to reward omission. These treatments did not affect choices on trials following reward delivery (i.e. win-stay responding), and sensitization increased spine density in the sensorimotor striatum. The dichotomous effects of amphetamine on short-term and long-term loss sensitivity, and the null effect on win-stay responding, are consistent with a shift of behavioral control to the sensorimotor striatum after drug sensitization. These data provide a new demonstration of such a shift in a novel task unrelated to drug administration, and suggests that the dominance of sensorimotor control persists over many hundreds of trials after sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wong
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Raj Thapa
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Cecilia A Badenhorst
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Alicia R Briggs
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Justan A Sawada
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Aaron J Gruber
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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214
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Peña-Oliver Y, Carvalho FM, Sanchez-Roige S, Quinlan EB, Jia T, Walker-Tilley T, Rulten SL, Pearl FMG, Banaschewski T, Barker GJ, Bokde ALW, Büchel C, Conrod PJ, Flor H, Gallinat J, Garavan H, Heinz A, Gowland P, Paillere Martinot ML, Paus T, Rietschel M, Robbins TW, Smolka MN, Schumann G, Stephens DN. Mouse and Human Genetic Analyses Associate Kalirin with Ventral Striatal Activation during Impulsivity and with Alcohol Misuse. Front Genet 2016; 7:52. [PMID: 27092175 PMCID: PMC4823271 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity is associated with a spectrum of psychiatric disorders including drug addiction. To investigate genetic associations with impulsivity and initiation of drug taking, we took a two-step approach. First, we identified genes whose expression level in prefrontal cortex, striatum and accumbens were associated with impulsive behavior in the 5-choice serial reaction time task across 10 BXD recombinant inbred (BXD RI) mouse strains and their progenitor C57BL/6J and DBA2/J strains. Behavioral data were correlated with regional gene expression using GeneNetwork (www.genenetwork.org), to identify 44 genes whose probability of association with impulsivity exceeded a false discovery rate of < 0.05. We then interrogated the IMAGEN database of 1423 adolescents for potential associations of SNPs in human homologs of those genes identified in the mouse study, with brain activation during impulsive performance in the Monetary Incentive Delay task, and with novelty seeking scores from the Temperament and Character Inventory, as well as alcohol experience. There was a significant overall association between the human homologs of impulsivity-related genes and percentage of premature responses in the MID task and with fMRI BOLD-response in ventral striatum (VS) during reward anticipation. In contrast, no significant association was found between the polygenic scores and anterior cingulate cortex activation. Univariate association analyses revealed that the G allele (major) of the intronic SNP rs6438839 in the KALRN gene was significantly associated with increased VS activation. Additionally, the A-allele (minor) of KALRN intronic SNP rs4634050, belonging to the same haplotype block, was associated with increased frequency of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Peña-Oliver
- School of Psychology, University of SussexBrighton, UK; Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Fabiana M Carvalho
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | | | - Erin B Quinlan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Tom Walker-Tilley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Stuart L Rulten
- Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex Brighton, UK
| | | | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gareth J Barker
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College London, UK
| | - Arun L W Bokde
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Patricia J Conrod
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
| | - Herta Flor
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Hugh Garavan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland; Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of VermontBurlington, VT, USA
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Penny Gowland
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham Nottingham, UK
| | - Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot
- INSERM, UMR 1000, Research Unit Imaging and Psychiatry, IFR49, CEA, DSV, I2BM-Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot Orsay, France
| | - Tomáš Paus
- Rotman Research Institute, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings CollegeLondon, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry CentreLondon, UK
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215
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Kõiv K, Metelitsa M, Vares M, Tiitsaar K, Raudkivi K, Jaako K, Vulla K, Shimmo R, Harro J. Chronic variable stress prevents amphetamine-elicited 50-kHz calls in rats with low positive affectivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:631-43. [PMID: 26951611 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between stress response and positive affective states is thought to be bidirectional: whilst stress can lead to a blunted hedonic response, positive affect reduces the negative effects of stress. We have previously shown that persistently high positive affectivity as measured by 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) is protective against chronic variable stress (CVS). The present study examined the effect of CVS on 50-kHz USVs elicited by amphetamine administration, simultaneously considering the stable inter-individual differences in positive affectivity. Forty juvenile male Wistar rats were categorised as of high (HC) or low (LC) positive affectivity based on their 50-kHz USV response to imitation of rough-and-tumble play ('tickling'). As adults, the rats were subjected to four weeks of CVS, after which D-amphetamine was administered in five daily doses followed by a challenge dose (all 1mg/kg IP) nine days later. CVS reduced sucrose preference in LC-rats only. After CVS, amphetamine-elicited 50-kHz USVs were significantly reduced in LC-rats, the effect of stress in HC-rats being smaller and less consistent. In previously stressed and amphetamine-treated LC-rats, locomotor response to amphetamine was attenuated. In stressed LC-rats, DOPAC levels and dopamine turnover were increased in striatum after amphetamine treatment, and dopamine D1 receptor levels were upregulated in nucleus accumbens. LC-rats had lower isoleucine levels in frontal cortex. These results show that stress-related changes in response to amphetamine are dependent on inter-individual differences in positive affectivity both at neurochemical and behavioural levels, and further support the notion of higher vulnerability of animals with low positive affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadri Kõiv
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14 A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mait Metelitsa
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14 A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marten Vares
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14 A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Tiitsaar
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14 A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karita Raudkivi
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14 A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Jaako
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kaspar Vulla
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva 29, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ruth Shimmo
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Narva 29, 10120 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Ravila 14 A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia.
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216
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Miltner WHR. Plasticity and Reorganization in the Rehabilitation of Stroke. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE-JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1027/2151-2604/a000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This paper outlines some actual developments in the behavioral treatment and rehabilitation of stroke and other brain injuries in post-acute and chronic conditions of brain lesion. It points to a number of processes that demonstrate the enormous plasticity and reorganization capacity of the human brain following brain lesion. It also highlights a series of behavioral and neuroscientific studies that indicate that successful behavioral rehabilitation is paralleled by plastic changes of brain structures and by cortical reorganization and that the amount of such plastic changes is obviously significantly determining the overall outcome of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang H. R. Miltner
- Department of Biological and Clinical Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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217
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Tapocik JD, Ceniccola K, Mayo CL, Schwandt ML, Solomon M, Wang BD, Luu TV, Olender J, Harrigan T, Maynard TM, Elmer GI, Lee NH. MicroRNAs Are Involved in the Development of Morphine-Induced Analgesic Tolerance and Regulate Functionally Relevant Changes in Serpini1. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:20. [PMID: 27047334 PMCID: PMC4805586 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term opioid treatment results in reduced therapeutic efficacy and in turn leads to an increase in the dose required to produce equivalent pain relief and alleviate break-through or insurmountable pain. Altered gene expression is a likely means for inducing long-term neuroadaptations responsible for tolerance. Studies conducted by our laboratory (Tapocik et al., 2009) revealed a network of gene expression changes occurring in canonical pathways involved in neuroplasticity, and uncovered miRNA processing as a potential mechanism. In particular, the mRNA coding the protein responsible for processing miRNAs, Dicer1, was positively correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that miRNAs play a significant role in the development of analgesic tolerance as measured by thermal nociception. Dicer1 knockdown, miRNA profiling, bioinformatics, and confirmation of high value targets were used to test the proposition. Regionally targeted Dicer1 knockdown (via shRNA) had the anticipated consequence of eliminating the development of tolerance in C57BL/6J (B6) mice, thus supporting the involvement of miRNAs in the development of tolerance. MiRNA expression profiling identified a core set of chronic morphine-regulated miRNAs (miR's 27a, 9, 483, 505, 146b, 202). Bioinformatics approaches were implemented to identify and prioritize their predicted target mRNAs. We focused our attention on miR27a and its predicted target serpin peptidase inhibitor clade I (Serpini1) mRNA, a transcript known to be intricately involved in dendritic spine density regulation in a manner consistent with chronic morphine's consequences and previously found to be correlated with the development of analgesic tolerance. In vitro reporter assay confirmed the targeting of the Serpini1 3'-untranslated region by miR27a. Interestingly miR27a was found to positively regulate Serpini1 mRNA and protein levels in multiple neuronal cell lines. Lastly, Serpini1 knockout mice developed analgesic tolerance at a slower rate than wild-type mice thus confirming a role for the protein in analgesic tolerance. Overall, these results provide evidence to support a specific role for miR27a and Serpini1 in the behavioral response to chronic opioid administration (COA) and suggest that miRNA expression and mRNA targeting may underlie the neuroadaptations that mediate tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenica D. Tapocik
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Ceniccola
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Mayo
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew Solomon
- National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Truong V. Luu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas Harrigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas M. Maynard
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
| | - Greg I. Elmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, USA
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218
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Klenowski PM, Shariff MR, Belmer A, Fogarty MJ, Mu EWH, Bellingham MC, Bartlett SE. Prolonged Consumption of Sucrose in a Binge-Like Manner, Alters the Morphology of Medium Spiny Neurons in the Nucleus Accumbens Shell. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:54. [PMID: 27047355 PMCID: PMC4803740 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern diet has become highly sweetened, resulting in unprecedented levels of sugar consumption, particularly among adolescents. While chronic long-term sugar intake is known to contribute to the development of metabolic disorders including obesity and type II diabetes, little is known regarding the direct consequences of long-term, binge-like sugar consumption on the brain. Because sugar can cause the release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) similarly to drugs of abuse, we investigated changes in the morphology of neurons in this brain region following short- (4 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) binge-like sucrose consumption using an intermittent two-bottle choice paradigm. We used Golgi-Cox staining to impregnate medium spiny neurons (MSNs) from the NAc core and shell of short- and long-term sucrose consuming rats and compared these to age-matched water controls. We show that prolonged binge-like sucrose consumption significantly decreased the total dendritic length of NAc shell MSNs compared to age-matched control rats. We also found that the restructuring of these neurons resulted primarily from reduced distal dendritic complexity. Conversely, we observed increased spine densities at the distal branch orders of NAc shell MSNs from long-term sucrose consuming rats. Combined, these results highlight the neuronal effects of prolonged binge-like intake of sucrose on NAc shell MSN morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Klenowski
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Masroor R Shariff
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Fogarty
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Erica W H Mu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark C Bellingham
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Selena E Bartlett
- Translational Research Institute and Institute for Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
Amphetamine and methamphetamine addiction is described by specific behavioral alterations, suggesting long-lasting changes in gene and protein expression within specific brain subregions involved in the reward circuitry. Given the persistence of the addiction phenotype at both behavioral and transcriptional levels, several studies have been conducted to elucidate the epigenetic landscape associated with persistent effects of drug use on the mammalian brain. This review discusses recent advances in our comprehension of epigenetic mechanisms underlying amphetamine- or methamphetamine-induced behavioral, transcriptional, and synaptic plasticity. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that drug exposure induces major epigenetic modifications-histone acetylation and methylation, DNA methylation-in a very complex manner. In rare instances, however, the regulation of a specific target gene can be correlated to both epigenetic alterations and behavioral abnormalities. Work is now needed to clarify and validate an epigenetic model of addiction to amphetamines. Investigations that include genome-wide approaches will accelerate the speed of discovery in the field of addiction.
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Key Words
- AMPA, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid
- AMPH, amphetamine
- AP1, activator protein 1
- ATF2, activating transcription factor 2
- BASP1, brain abundant signal protein 1
- BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor
- CCR2, C‒C chemokine receptor 2
- CPP, conditioned place preference
- CREB, cAMP response element binding protein
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- CoREST, restrictive element 1 silencing transcription factor corepressor
- Cp60, compound 60
- DNA methylation
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- FOS, Finkel–Biskis–Jinkins murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- GLUA1, glutamate receptor subunit A1
- GLUA2, glutamate receptor subunit A2
- GLUN1, glutamate receptor subunit N1
- H2Bac, pan-acetylation of histone 2B
- H3, histone 3
- H3K14Ac, acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 14
- H3K18, lysine 18 of histone 3
- H3K4, lysine 4 of histone 3
- H3K4me3, trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 4
- H3K9, lysine 9 of histone 3
- H3K9Ac, acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9
- H3K9me3, trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 9
- H4, histone 4
- H4Ac, pan-acetylation of histone 4
- H4K12Ac, acetylation of histone 4 at lysine 12
- H4K16, lysine 16 of histone 4
- H4K5, lysine 5 of histone 4
- H4K8, lysine 8 of histone 4
- HAT, histone acetyltransferase
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDM, histone demethylase
- HMT, histone methyltransferase
- IP, intra-peritoneal
- JUN, jun proto-oncogene
- KDM, lysine demethylase
- KLF10, Kruppel-like factor 10
- KMT, lysine methyltransferase
- METH, methamphetamine
- MeCP2, methyl-CpG binding protein 2
- NAc, nucleus accumbens
- NMDA, N-methyl-D-aspartate
- NaB, sodium butyrate
- OfC, orbitofrontal cortex
- PfC, prefrontal cortex
- REST, restrictive element 1 silencing transcription factor
- RNAi, RNA interference
- Ser241, serine 241
- Sin3A, SIN3 transcription regulator family member A
- TSS, transcription start site
- VPA, valproic acid
- WT1, Wilms tumor protein 1.
- amphetamine
- histone acetylation
- histone methylation
- methamphetamine
- siRNA, silencing RNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Godino
- a Département de Biologie; École Normale Supérieure de Lyon ; Lyon , France
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220
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Oginsky MF, Maust JD, Corthell JT, Ferrario CR. Enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization and intrinsic excitability of NAc medium spiny neurons in adult but not in adolescent rats susceptible to diet-induced obesity. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:773-84. [PMID: 26612617 PMCID: PMC4752900 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Basal and diet-induced differences in mesolimbic function, particularly within the nucleus accumbens (NAc), may contribute to human obesity; these differences may be more pronounced in susceptible populations. OBJECTIVES We examined differences in cocaine-induced behavioral plasticity in rats that are susceptible vs. resistant to diet-induced obesity and basal differences in striatal neuron function in adult and in adolescent obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. METHODS Susceptible and resistant outbred rats were identified based on "junk-food" diet-induced obesity. Then, the induction and expression of cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization, which is mediated by enhanced striatal function and is associated with increased motivation for rewards and reward-paired cues, were evaluated. Basal differences in mesolimbic function were examined in selectively bred obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats (P70-80 and P30-40) using both cocaine-induced locomotion and whole-cell patch clamping approaches in NAc core medium spiny neurons (MSNs). RESULTS In rats that became obese after eating junk-food, the expression of locomotor sensitization was enhanced compared to non-obese rats, with similarly strong responses to 7.5 and 15 mg/kg cocaine. Without diet manipulation, obesity-prone rats were hyper-responsive to the acute locomotor-activating effects of cocaine, and the intrinsic excitability of NAc core MSNs was enhanced by ∼60 % at positive and negative potentials. These differences were present in adult, but not adolescent rats. Post-synaptic glutamatergic transmission was similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS Mesolimbic systems, particularly NAc MSNs, are hyper-responsive in obesity-prone individuals, and interactions between predisposition and experience influence neurobehavioral plasticity in ways that may promote weight gain and hamper weight loss in susceptible rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max F Oginsky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Joel D Maust
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - John T Corthell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, MSRB III 1301, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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221
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Morud J, Adermark L, Perez-Alcazar M, Ericson M, Söderpalm B. Nicotine produces chronic behavioral sensitization with changes in accumbal neurotransmission and increased sensitivity to re-exposure. Addict Biol 2016; 21:397-406. [PMID: 25581387 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use is often associated with long-term addiction as well as high risk of relapse following cessation. This is suggestive of persistent neural adaptations, but little is known about the long-lasting effects of nicotine on neural circuits. In order to investigate the long-term effects of nicotine exposure, Wistar rats were treated for 3 weeks with nicotine (0.36 mg/kg), and the duration of behavioral and neurophysiological adaptations was evaluated 7 months later. We found that increased drug-induced locomotion persisted 7 months after the initial behavioral sensitization. In vitro analysis of synaptic activity in the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens (nAc) revealed a decrease in input/output function in both regions of nicotine-treated rats as compared to vehicle-treated control rats. In addition, administration of the dopamine D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (5 μM) significantly increased evoked population spike amplitude in the nAc shell of nicotine-treated rats as compared to vehicle-treated control rats. To test whether nicotine exposure creates long-lasting malleable circuits, animals were re-exposed to nicotine 7 months after the initial exposure. This treatment revealed an increased sensitivity to nicotine among animals previously exposed to nicotine, with higher nicotine-induced locomotion responses than observed initially. In vitro electrophysiological recordings in re-exposed rats detected an increased sensitivity to dopamine D2 receptor activation. These results suggest that nicotine produces persistent neural adaptations that make the system sensitive and receptive to future nicotine re-exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Morud
- Addiction Biology Unit; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Louise Adermark
- Addiction Biology Unit; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Marta Perez-Alcazar
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Mia Ericson
- Addiction Biology Unit; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - Bo Söderpalm
- Addiction Biology Unit; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg; Sweden
- Beroendekliniken; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Sweden
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222
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Marchese NA, Artur de laVillarmois E, Basmadjian OM, Perez MF, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. Brain Angiotensin II AT1 receptors are involved in the acute and long-term amphetamine-induced neurocognitive alterations. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:795-807. [PMID: 26613735 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Angiotensin II, by activation of its brain AT1-receptors, plays an active role as neuromodulator in dopaminergic transmission. These receptors participate in the development of amphetamine-induced behavioral and dopamine release sensitization. Dopamine is involved in cognitive processes and provides connectivity between brain areas related to these processes. Amphetamine by its mimetic activity over dopamine neurotransmission elicits differential responses after acute administration or after re-exposure following long-term withdrawal periods in different cognitive processes. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the AT1-receptor involvement in the acute and long-term amphetamine-induced alterations in long-term memory and in cellular-related events. METHODS Male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were used in this study. Acute effects: Amphetamine (0.5/2.5 mg/kg i.p.) was administered after post-training in the inhibitory avoidance (IA) response. The AT1-receptor blocker Losartan was administered i.c.v. before a single dose of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.). Long-term effects: The AT1-receptors blocker Candesartan (3 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for 5 days followed by 5 consecutive days of amphetamine (2.5 mg/kg/day, i.p.). The neuroadaptive changes were evidenced after 1 week of withdrawal by an amphetamine challenge (0.5 mg/kg i.p.). The IA response, the neuronal activation pattern, and the hippocampal synaptic transmission were evaluated. RESULTS The impairing effect in the IA response of post-training acute amphetamine was partially prevented by Losartan. The long-term changes induced by repeated amphetamine (resistance to acute amphetamine interference in the IA response, neurochemical altered response, and increased hippocampal synaptic transmission) were prevented by AT1-receptors blockade. CONCLUSIONS AT1-receptors are involved in the acute alterations and in the neuroadaptations induced by repeated amphetamine associated with neurocognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andrea Marchese
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Emilce Artur de laVillarmois
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Martin Basmadjian
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mariela Fernanda Perez
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, (IIBYT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET) Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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223
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LaCrosse AL, Taylor SB, Nemirovsky NE, Gass JT, Olive MF. mGluR5 Positive and Negative Allosteric Modulators Differentially Affect Dendritic Spine Density and Morphology in the Prefrontal Cortex. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2016; 14:476-85. [PMID: 25921744 DOI: 10.2174/1871527314666150429112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Positive and negative allosteric modulators (PAMs and NAMs, respectively) of type 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR5) are currently being investigated as novel treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases including drug addiction, schizophrenia, and Fragile X syndrome. However, only a handful of studies have examined the effects of mGluR5 PAMs or NAMs on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines in otherwise naïve animals, particularly in brain regions mediating executive function. In the present study, we assessed dendritic spine density and morphology in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) after repeated administration of either the prototypical mGluR5 PAM 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5- yl)benzamide (CDPPB, 20 mg/kg), the clinically utilized mGluR5 NAM 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(3-methyl-5-oxo-4Himidazol- 2-yl)urea (fenobam, 20 mg/kg), or vehicle in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Following once daily treatment for 10 consecutive days, coronal brain sections containing the mPFC underwent diolistic labeling and 3D image analysis of dendritic spines. Compared to vehicle treated animals, rats administered fenobam exhibited significant increases in dendritic spine density and the overall frequency of spines with small (<0.2 μm) head diameters, decreases in frequency of spines with medium (0.2-0.4 μm) head diameters, and had no changes in frequency of spines with large head diameters (>0.4 μm). Administration of CDPPB had no discernable effects on dendritic spine density or morphology, and neither CDPPB nor fenobam had any effect on spine length or volume. We conclude that mGluR5 PAMs and NAMs differentially affect mPFC dendritic spine structural plasticity in otherwise naïve animals, and additional studies assessing their effects in combination with cognitive or behavioral tasks are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael F Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, PO Box 871104, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
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224
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Jiao DL, Liu Y, Long JD, Du J, Ju YY, Zan GY, Liu JG, Zhao M. Involvement of dorsal striatal α1-containing GABAA receptors in methamphetamine-associated rewarding memories. Neuroscience 2016; 320:230-8. [PMID: 26868969 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rewarding memories induced by addictive drugs may contribute to persistent drug-seeking behaviors, which is an important contributing factor to drug addiction. However, the biological mechanisms underlying drug-associated rewarding memories have not yet been fully understood, especially the new synthetic drugs, such as amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). In this study, using the rat-conditioned place preference (CPP) model, a classic animal model for the reward-associated effects of addictive drugs, we found that the expression level of GABAA α1 subunits was significantly decreased in the dorsal striatum (Dstr) after conditioned methamphetamine (METH) pairing, and no significant differences were observed in the other four rewarding memory-associated areas (medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala (Amy), and dorsal hippocampus (DH)). Intra-Dstr injection of either the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or the specific α1GABAA receptor-preferring benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist zolpidem significantly abolished METH CPP formation. Thus, this study extends previous findings by showing that GABAA receptors, particularly the α1-containing GABAA receptors, may be strongly implicated in METH-associated rewarding memories. This work provides us with a new perspective on the goal of treating ATS addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-L Jiao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y Liu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - J-D Long
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - J Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Y-Y Ju
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - G-Y Zan
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - J-G Liu
- Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - M Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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225
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Cadoni C. Fischer 344 and Lewis Rat Strains as a Model of Genetic Vulnerability to Drug Addiction. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 26903787 PMCID: PMC4746315 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Today it is well acknowledged that both nature and nurture play important roles in the genesis of psychopathologies, including drug addiction. Increasing evidence suggests that genetic factors contribute for at least 40–60% of the variation in liability to drug dependence. Human genetic studies suggest that multiple genes of small effect, rather than single genes, contribute to the genesis of behavioral psychopathologies. Therefore, the use of inbred rat strains might provide a valuable tool to identify differences, linked to genotype, important in liability to addiction and related disorders. In this regard, Lewis and Fischer 344 inbred rats have been proposed as a model of genetic vulnerability to drug addiction, given their innate differences in sensitivity to the reinforcing and rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, as well their different responsiveness to stressful stimuli. This review will provide evidence in support of this model for the study of the genetic influence on addiction vulnerability, with particular emphasis on differences in mesolimbic dopamine (DA) transmission, rewarding and emotional function. It will be highlighted that Lewis and Fischer 344 rats differ not only in several indices of DA transmission and adaptive changes following repeated drug exposure, but also in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responsiveness, influencing not only the ability of the individual to cope with stressful events, but also interfering with rewarding and motivational processes, given the influence of corticosteroids on dopamine neuron functionality. Further differences between the two strains, as impulsivity or anxiousness, might contribute to their different proneness to addiction, and likely these features might be linked to their different DA neurotransmission plasticity. Although differences in other neurotransmitter systems might deserve further investigation, results from the reviewed studies might open new vistas in understanding aberrant deviations in reward and motivational functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Cadoni
- Institute of Neuroscience, Cagliari Section, Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Research Council of ItalyCagliari, Italy; Centre of Excellence "Neurobiology of Dependence", University of CagliariCagliari, Italy
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226
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Pascale A, Osera C, Moro F, Di Clemente A, Giannotti G, Caffino L, Govoni S, Fumagalli F, Cervo L. Abstinence from cocaine-self-administration activates the nELAV/GAP -43 pathway in the hippocampus: A stress-related effect? Hippocampus 2016; 26:700-4. [PMID: 26850084 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that nELAV/GAP-43 pathway is pivotal for learning and its hippocampal expression is up-regulated by acute stress following repeated cocaine administration. We therefore hypothesized that abstinence-induced stress may sustain nELAV/GAP-43 pathway during early abstinence following 2 weeks of cocaine self-administration. We found that contingent, but not non-contingent, cocaine exposure selectively increases hippocampal nELAV, but not GAP-43, expression immediately after the last self-administration session, an effect that wanes after 24 h and that comes back 7 days later when nELAV activation becomes associated with increased expression of GAP-43, an effect again observed only in animals self-administering the psychostimulant. Such effect is specific for nELAV since the ubiquitous ELAV/HuR is unchanged. This nELAV profile suggests that its initial transient alteration is perhaps related to the daily administration of cocaine, while the increase in the nELAV/GAP-43 pathway following a week of abstinence may reflect the activation of this cascade as a target of stressful conditions associated with drug-related memories. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cecilia Osera
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federico Moro
- Experimental Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri,", Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Clemente
- Experimental Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri,", Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lucia Caffino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cervo
- Experimental Psychopharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto Di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri,", Milan, Italy
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227
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Karlsson TE, Smedfors G, Brodin ATS, Åberg E, Mattsson A, Högbeck I, Wellfelt K, Josephson A, Brené S, Olson L. NgR1: A Tunable Sensor Regulating Memory Formation, Synaptic, and Dendritic Plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:1804-17. [PMID: 26838771 PMCID: PMC4785958 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nogo receptor 1 (NgR1) is expressed in forebrain neurons and mediates nerve growth inhibition in response to Nogo and other ligands. Neuronal activity downregulates NgR1 and the inability to downregulate NgR1 impairs long-term memory. We investigated behavior in a serial behavioral paradigm in mice that overexpress or lack NgR1, finding impaired locomotor behavior and recognition memory in mice lacking NgR1 and impaired sequential spatial learning in NgR1 overexpressing mice. We also investigated a role for NgR1 in drug-mediated sensitization and found that repeated cocaine exposure caused stronger locomotor responses but limited development of stereotypies in NgR1 overexpressing mice. This suggests that NgR1-regulated synaptic plasticity is needed to develop stereotypies. Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging analyses of NgR1 overexpressing brains did not reveal any major alterations. NgR1 overexpression resulted in significantly reduced density of mature spines and dendritic complexity. NgR1 overexpression also altered cocaine-induced effects on spine plasticity. Our results show that NgR1 is a negative regulator of both structural synaptic plasticity and dendritic complexity in a brain region-specific manner, and highlight anterior cingulate cortex as a key area for memory-related plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias E Karlsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alvin T S Brodin
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Åberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Present address: AstraZeneca R&D, AstraZeneca Translational Science Centre at Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Mattsson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden Present address: The Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Högbeck
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Wellfelt
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Josephson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Brené
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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228
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Nucleus accumbens NMDA receptor activation regulates amphetamine cross-sensitization and deltaFosB expression following sexual experience in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2016; 101:154-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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229
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White SL, Ortinski PI, Friedman SH, Zhang L, Neve RL, Kalb RG, Schmidt HD, Pierce RC. A Critical Role for the GluA1 Accessory Protein, SAP97, in Cocaine Seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:736-50. [PMID: 26149358 PMCID: PMC4707820 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that the transport of GluA1 subunit-containing calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) to synapses in subregions of the nucleus accumbens promotes cocaine seeking. Consistent with these findings, the present results show that administration of the CP-AMPAR antagonist, Naspm, into the caudal lateral core or caudal medial shell of the nucleus accumbens attenuated cocaine priming-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. Moreover, viral-mediated overexpression of 'pore dead' GluA1 subunits (via herpes simplex virus (HSV) GluA1-Q582E) in the lateral core or medial shell attenuated the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. The overexpression of wild-type GluA1 subunits (via HSV GluA1-WT) in the medial shell, but not the lateral core, enhanced the reinstatement of cocaine seeking. These results indicate that activation of GluA1-containing AMPARs in subregions of the nucleus accumbens reinstates cocaine seeking. SAP97 and 4.1N are proteins involved in GluA1 trafficking to and stabilization in synapses; SAP97-GluA1 interactions also influence dendritic growth. We next examined potential roles of SAP97 and 4.1N in cocaine seeking. Viral-mediated expression of a microRNA that reduces SAP97 protein expression (HSV miSAP97) in the medial accumbens shell attenuated cocaine seeking. In contrast, a virus that overexpressed a dominant-negative form of a 4.1N C-terminal domain (HSV 4.1N-CTD), which prevents endogenous 4.1N binding to GluA1 subunits, had no effect on cocaine seeking. These results indicate that the GluA1 subunit accessory protein SAP97 may represent a novel target for pharmacotherapeutic intervention in the treatment of cocaine craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L White
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pavel I Ortinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Shayna H Friedman
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center 814, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachael L Neve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, McGovern Institute for Brain Research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Kalb
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Abramson Research Center 814, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heath D Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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230
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Baranowska-Bosiacka I, Listos J, Gutowska I, Machoy-Mokrzyńska A, Kolasa-Wołosiuk A, Tarnowski M, Puchałowicz K, Prokopowicz A, Talarek S, Listos P, Wąsik A, Chlubek D. Effects of perinatal exposure to lead (Pb) on purine receptor expression in the brain and gliosis in rats tolerant to morphine analgesia. Toxicology 2016; 339:19-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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231
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Dong Y. Silent Synapse-Based Circuitry Remodeling in Drug Addiction. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv136. [PMID: 26721952 PMCID: PMC4886671 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cocaine, and likely other drugs of abuse, generates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor-silent glutamatergic synapses in the nucleus accumbens. These immature synaptic contacts evolve after drug withdrawal to redefine the neurocircuital properties. These results raise at least three critical questions: (1) what are the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate drug-induced generation of silent synapses; (2) how are neurocircuits remodeled upon generation and evolution of drug-generated silent synapses; and (3) what behavioral consequences are produced by silent synapse-based circuitry remodeling? This short review analyzes related experimental results, and extends them to some speculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (Dr Dong).
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232
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Adaptive Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Young Mice Intermittently Exposed to MDMA Could Be the Origin of Memory Deficits. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:7271-7283. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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233
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CaM Kinases: From Memories to Addiction. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 37:153-166. [PMID: 26674562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a major psychiatric disorder with a neurobiological basis that is still insufficiently understood. Initially, non-addicted, controlled drug consumption and drug instrumentalization are established. They comprise highly systematic behaviours acquired by learning and the establishment of drug memories. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are important Ca(2+) sensors translating glutamatergic activation into synaptic plasticity during learning and memory formation. Here we review the role of CaMKs in the establishment of drug-related behaviours in animal models and in humans. Converging evidence now shows that CaMKs are a crucial mechanism of how addictive drugs induce synaptic plasticity and establish various types of drug memories. Thereby, CaMKs are not only molecular relays for glutamatergic activity but they also directly control dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in the mesolimbic reward system. They can now be considered as major molecular pathways translating normal memory formation into establishment of drug memories and possibly transition to drug addiction.
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234
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Müller UJ, Truebner K, Schiltz K, Kuhn J, Mawrin C, Dobrowolny H, Bernstein HG, Bogerts B, Steiner J. Postmortem volumetric analysis of the nucleus accumbens in male heroin addicts: implications for deep brain stimulation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2015; 265:647-53. [PMID: 26189034 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-015-0617-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is increasingly investigated in neuropsychiatric disorders. DBS requires computer-assisted 3D planning to implant the stimulation electrode precisely. Recently, there has been a debate about the true dimensions of NAc in healthy as well as in mentally ill individuals. Knowing its true dimensions in different neuropsychiatric disorders may improve even more precise targeting of NAc for therapeutic DBS. Volumes of NAc of heroin addicts (n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 12) were calculated by using morphometry of serial whole-brain sections. Total brain volume was larger in the heroin group (mean 1478.85 ± 62.34 vs. mean 1352.38 ± 103.24 cm(3)), as the heroin group was more than 10 years younger (p = 0.001). However, the mean volume of the NAc in heroin addicts was smaller than in controls (0.528 ± 0.166 vs. 0.623 ± 0.196 cm(3); p = 0.019). This group effect did not significantly differ between the hemispheres. When assessed separately, left-hemispheric NAc volume was 15 % lower (p = 0.020), while right-hemispheric NAc volume was 16 % lower (p = 0.047) in the heroin-addicted group compared to controls. Based on these diagnosis-related differences, we believe it is important to further analyze NAc volumes in different psychiatric disorders to further improve precise targeting and electrode placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany. .,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Kurt Truebner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
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235
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The Contingency of Cocaine Administration Accounts for Structural and Functional Medial Prefrontal Deficits and Increased Adrenocortical Activation. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11897-910. [PMID: 26311772 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4961-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The prelimbic region (PL) of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in the relapse of drug-seeking behavior. Optimal mPFC functioning relies on synaptic connections involving dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons, whereas prefrontal dysfunction resulting from elevated glucocorticoids, stress, aging, and mental illness are each linked to decreased apical dendritic branching and spine density in pyramidal neurons in these cortical fields. The fact that cocaine use induces activation of the stress-responsive hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis raises the possibility that cocaine-related impairments in mPFC functioning may be manifested by similar changes in neuronal architecture in mPFC. Nevertheless, previous studies have generally identified increases, rather than decreases, in structural plasticity in mPFC after cocaine self-administration. Here, we use 3D imaging and analysis of dendritic spine morphometry to show that chronic cocaine self-administration leads to mild decreases of apical dendritic branching, prominent dendritic spine attrition in PL pyramidal neurons, and working memory deficits. Importantly, these impairments were largely accounted for in groups of rats that self-administered cocaine compared with yoked-cocaine- and saline-matched counterparts. Follow-up experiments failed to demonstrate any effects of either experimenter-administered cocaine or food self-administration on structural alterations in PL neurons. Finally, we verified that the cocaine self-administration group was distinguished by more protracted increases in adrenocortical activity compared with yoked-cocaine- and saline-matched controls. These studies suggest a mechanism whereby increased adrenocortical activity resulting from chronic cocaine self-administration may contribute to regressive prefrontal structural and functional plasticity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stress, aging, and mental illness are each linked to decreased prefrontal plasticity. Here, we show that chronic cocaine self-administration in rats leads to decrements in medial prefrontal structural and functional plasticity. Notably, these impairments were largely accounted for in rats that self-administered cocaine compared with yoked counterparts. Moreover, we verified previous reports showing that adrenocortical output is augmented by cocaine administration and is more protracted in rats that were permitted to receive the drug contingently instead of passively. These studies suggest that increased adrenocortical activity resulting from cocaine self-administration may contribute to regressive prefrontal structural and functional plasticity.
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236
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Bissonette GB, Roesch MR. Development and function of the midbrain dopamine system: what we know and what we need to. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 15:62-73. [PMID: 26548362 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen an explosion in our understanding of the origin and development of the midbrain dopamine system. Much of this work has been focused on the aspects of dopamine neuron development related to the onset of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease, with the intent of hopefully delaying, preventing or fixing symptoms. While midbrain dopamine degeneration is a major focus for treatment and research, many other human disorders are impacted by abnormal dopamine, including drug addiction, autism and schizophrenia. Understanding dopamine neuron ontogeny and how dopamine connections and circuitry develops may provide us with key insights into potentially important avenues of research for other dopamine-related disorders. This review will provide a brief overview of the major molecular and genetic players throughout the development of midbrain dopamine neurons and what we know about the behavioral- and disease-related implications associated with perturbations to midbrain dopamine neuron development. We intend to combine the knowledge of two broad fields of neuroscience, both developmental and behavioral, with the intent on fostering greater discussion between branches of neuroscience in the service of addressing complex cognitive questions from a developmental perspective and identifying important gaps in our knowledge for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Bissonette
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - M R Roesch
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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237
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Transcriptome organization for chronic alcohol abuse in human brain. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:1438-47. [PMID: 25450227 PMCID: PMC4452464 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder characterized by high genetic heritability and neuroadaptations occurring from repeated drug exposure. Through an integrated systems approach we observed consistent differences in transcriptome organization within postmortem human brain tissue associated with the lifetime consumption of alcohol. Molecular networks, determined using high-throughput RNA sequencing, for drinking behavior were dominated by neurophysiological targets and signaling mechanisms of alcohol. The systematic structure of gene sets demonstrates a novel alliance of multiple ion channels, and related processes, underlying lifetime alcohol consumption. Coordinate expression of these transcripts was enriched for genome-wide association signals in alcohol dependence and a meta-analysis of alcohol self-administration in mice. Further dissection of genes within alcohol consumption networks revealed the potential interaction of alternatively spliced transcripts. For example, expression of a human-specific isoform of the voltage-gated sodium channel subunit SCN4B was significantly correlated to lifetime alcohol consumption. Overall, our work demonstrates novel convergent evidence for biological networks related to excessive alcohol consumption, which may prove fundamentally important in the development of pharmacotherapies for alcohol dependence.
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238
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Farrell MR, Gruene TM, Shansky RM. The influence of stress and gonadal hormones on neuronal structure and function. Horm Behav 2015; 76:118-24. [PMID: 25819727 PMCID: PMC4583315 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "SBN 2014". The brain is highly plastic, allowing us to adapt and respond to environmental and physiological challenges and experiences. In this review, we discuss the relationships among alterations in dendritic arborization, spine morphology, and behavior due to stress exposure, endogenous hormone fluctuation, or exogenous hormonal manipulation. Very few studies investigate structure-function associations directly in the same cohort of animals, and there are notable inconsistencies in evidence of structure-function relationships in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Moreover, little work has been done to probe the causal relationship between dendritic morphology and neuronal excitability, leaving only speculation about the adaptive versus maladaptive nature of experience-dependent dendritic remodeling. We propose that future studies combine electrophysiology with a circuit-level approach to better understand how dendritic structure contributes to neuronal functional properties and behavioral outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tina M Gruene
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, USA
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239
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Womersley JS, Uys JD. S-Glutathionylation and Redox Protein Signaling in Drug Addiction. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 137:87-121. [PMID: 26809999 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder that comes at a high cost to individuals and society. Therefore understanding the mechanisms by which drugs exert their effects is of prime importance. Drugs of abuse increase the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species resulting in oxidative stress. This change in redox homeostasis increases the conjugation of glutathione to protein cysteine residues; a process called S-glutathionylation. Although traditionally regarded as a protective mechanism against irreversible protein oxidation, accumulated evidence suggests a more nuanced role for S-glutathionylation, namely as a mediator in redox-sensitive protein signaling. The reversible modification of protein thiols leading to alteration in function under different physiologic/pathologic conditions provides a mechanism whereby change in redox status can be translated into a functional response. As such, S-glutathionylation represents an understudied means of post-translational protein modification that may be important in the mechanisms underlying drug addiction. This review will discuss the evidence for S-glutathionylation as a redox-sensing mechanism and how this may be involved in the response to drug-induced oxidative stress. The function of S-glutathionylated proteins involved in neurotransmission, dendritic spine structure, and drug-induced behavioral outputs will be reviewed with specific reference to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Womersley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joachim D Uys
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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240
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Abstract
Recent neuroimaging studies suggest that the brain adapts with pain, as well as imparts risk for developing chronic pain. Within this context, we revisit the concepts for nociception, acute and chronic pain, and negative moods relative to behavior selection. We redefine nociception as the mechanism protecting the organism from injury, while acute pain as failure of avoidant behavior, and a mesolimbic threshold process that gates the transformation of nociceptive activity to conscious pain. Adaptations in this threshold process are envisioned to be critical for development of chronic pain. We deconstruct chronic pain into four distinct phases, each with specific mechanisms, and outline current state of knowledge regarding these mechanisms: the limbic brain imparting risk, and the mesolimbic learning processes reorganizing the neocortex into a chronic pain state. Moreover, pain and negative moods are envisioned as a continuum of aversive behavioral learning, which enhance survival by protecting against threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan N Baliki
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60610, USA.
| | - A Vania Apkarian
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60610, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60610, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60610, USA.
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241
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Cheng MC, Hsu SH, Chen CH. Chronic methamphetamine treatment reduces the expression of synaptic plasticity genes and changes their DNA methylation status in the mouse brain. Brain Res 2015; 1629:126-34. [PMID: 26496011 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that may cause long-lasting synaptic dysfunction and abnormal gene expression. We aimed to explore the differential expression of synaptic plasticity genes in chronic METH-treated mouse brain. We used the RT(2) Profiler PCR Array and the real-time quantitative PCR to characterize differentially expressed synaptic plasticity genes in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of chronic METH-treated mice compared with normal saline-treated mice. We further used pyrosequencing to assess DNA methylation changes in the CpG region of the five immediate early genes (IEGs) in chronic METH-treated mouse brain. We detected six downregulated genes in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus of chronic METH-treated mice, including five IEGs (Arc, Egr2, Fos, Klf10, and Nr4a1) and one neuronal receptor gene (Grm1), compared with normal saline-treated group, but only four genes (Arc, Egr2, Fos, and Nr4a1) were confirmed to be different. Furthermore, we found several CpG sites of the Arc and the Fos that had significant changes in DNA methylation status in the frontal cortex of chronic METH-treated mice, while the klf10 and the Nr4a1 that had significant changes in the hippocampus. Our results show that chronic administration of METH may lead to significant downregulation of the IEGs expression in both the frontal cortex and the hippocampus, which may partly account for the molecular mechanism of the action of METH. Furthermore, the changes in DNA methylation status of the IEGs in the brain indicate that an epigenetic mechanism-dependent transcriptional regulation may contribute to METH addiction, which warrants additional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Chih Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Mental Health Research Center, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan; Center for General Education, St. Mary׳s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan County, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yuli Mental Health Research Center, Yuli Branch, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou and Department and Graduate school of Biomedical Sciences Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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242
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Erbs E, Faget L, Ceredig RA, Matifas A, Vonesch JL, Kieffer BL, Massotte D. Impact of chronic morphine on delta opioid receptor-expressing neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Neuroscience 2015; 313:46-56. [PMID: 26480813 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Delta opioid (DOP) receptors participate to the control of chronic pain and emotional responses. Recent data also identified their implication in spatial memory and drug-context associations pointing to a critical role of hippocampal delta receptors. To better appreciate the impact of repeated drug exposure on their modulatory activity, we used fluorescent knock-in mice that express a functional delta receptor fused at its carboxy-terminus with the green fluorescent protein in place of the native receptor. We then tested the impact of chronic morphine treatment on the density and distribution of delta receptor-expressing cells in the hippocampus. A decrease in delta receptor-positive cell density was observed in the CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus without alteration of the distribution across the different GABAergic populations that mainly express delta receptors. This effect partly persisted after four weeks of morphine abstinence. In addition, we observed increased DOP receptor expression at the cell surface compared to saline-treated animals. In the hippocampus, chronic morphine administration thus induces DOP receptor cellular redistribution and durably decreases delta receptor-expressing cell density. Such modifications are likely to alter hippocampal physiology, and to contribute to long-term cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Erbs
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - L Faget
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - R A Ceredig
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - A Matifas
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - J-L Vonesch
- Imaging Center IGBMC, CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - B L Kieffer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France; Douglas Hospital Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 6875, Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal (Quebec) H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - D Massotte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS/INSERM/UdS, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, F-67404 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France; Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR 3212, 5 Rue Blaise Pascal, F-67084 Strasbourg, France.
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243
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BDNF-TrkB signaling in the nucleus accumbens shell of mice has key role in methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e666. [PMID: 26506052 PMCID: PMC4930133 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a core symptom of methamphetamine (METH) withdrawal during the first several weeks of abstinence. However, the precise mechanisms underlying METH withdrawal symptoms remain unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its specific receptor, tropomyosin-related kinase (TrkB), have a role the in pathophysiology of depression. In this study, we examined the role of BDNF-TrkB signaling in different brain regions of male mice with METH withdrawal symptoms. Repeated METH (3 mg kg(-1) per day for 5 days) administration to mice caused a long-lasting depression-like behavior including anhedonia. Western blot analysis showed that BDNF levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of METH-treated mice were significantly higher than those of control mice whereas BDNF levels in other regions, including the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, were not altered. METH-induced depression-like behavior, behavioral sensitization and dendritic changes in the NAc shell were improved by subsequent subchronic administration of TrkB antagonist ANA-12 (0.5 mg kg(-1) per day for 14 days), but not TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (10 mg kg(-1) per day for 14 days). In vivo microdialysis showed that METH (1 mg kg(-1))-induced dopamine release in NAc shell of METH-treated mice was attenuated after subsequent subchronic ANA-12 administration. Interestingly, a single bilateral infusion of ANA-12 into the NAc shell, but not NAc core, showed a rapid and long-lasting therapeutic effect. However, ketamine and paroxetine had no effect. These findings suggest that increased BDNF-TrkB signaling in the NAc shell has an important role in the behavioral abnormalities after withdrawal from repeated METH administration, and that TrkB antagonists are potential therapeutic drugs for withdrawal symptoms in METH abusers.
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244
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Mansouri MT, Khodayar MJ, Tabatabaee A, Ghorbanzadeh B, Naghizadeh B. Modulation of morphine antinociceptive tolerance and physical dependence by co-administration of simvastatin. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 137:38-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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245
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Adinoff B, Gu H, Merrick C, McHugh M, Jeon-Slaughter H, Lu H, Yang Y, Stein EA. Basal Hippocampal Activity and Its Functional Connectivity Predicts Cocaine Relapse. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:496-504. [PMID: 25749098 PMCID: PMC5671769 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine-induced neuroplastic changes may result in a heightened propensity for relapse. Using regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) as a marker of basal neuronal activity, this study assessed alterations in rCBF and related resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) to prospectively predict relapse in patients following treatment for cocaine use disorder (CUD). METHODS Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging and resting blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in the same scan session in abstinent participants with CUD before residential treatment discharge and in 20 healthy matched control subjects. Substance use was assessed twice weekly following discharge. Relapsed participants were defined as those who used stimulants within 30 days following treatment discharge (n = 22); early remission participants (n = 18) did not. RESULTS Voxel-wise, whole-brain analysis revealed enhanced rCBF only in the left posterior hippocampus (pHp) in the relapsed group compared with the early remission and control groups. Using this pHp as a seed, increased rsFC strength with the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus was seen in the relapsed versus early remission subgroups. Together, both increased pHp rCBF and strengthened pHp-PCC rsFC predicted relapse with 75% accuracy at 30, 60, and 90 days following treatment. CONCLUSIONS In CUD participants at risk of early relapse, increased pHp basal activity and pHp-PCC circuit strength may reflect the propensity for heightened reactivity to cocaine cues and persistent cocaine-related ruminations. Mechanisms to mute hyperactivated brain regions and delink dysregulated neural circuits may prove useful to prevent relapse in patients with CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryon Adinoff
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
| | - Hong Gu
- Intramural Research Program-Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carmen Merrick
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas
| | - Meredith McHugh
- Intramural Research Program-Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Hanzhang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yihong Yang
- Intramural Research Program-Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot A Stein
- Intramural Research Program-Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
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246
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Short-term withdrawal from developmental exposure to cocaine activates the glucocorticoid receptor and alters spine dynamics. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1832-41. [PMID: 26004981 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Although glucocorticoid receptors (GRs) contribute to the action of cocaine, their role following developmental exposure to the psychostimulant is still unknown. To address this issue, we exposed adolescent male rats to cocaine (20mg/kg/day) from post-natal day (PND) 28 to PND 42 and sacrificed them at PND 45 or 90. We studied the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), a brain region that is still developing during adolescence. In PND 45 rats we found enhanced GR transcription and translation as well as increased trafficking toward the nucleus of the receptor, with no alteration in plasma corticosterone levels. We also showed reduced expression of the GR co-chaperone FKBP51, that normally keeps the receptor in the cytoplasm, and increased expression of Src1, which cooperates in the activation of GR transcriptional activity, revealing that short withdrawal alters the finely tuned mechanisms regulating GR action. Since activation of GRs regulate dendritic spine morphology, we next investigated spine dynamics in cocaine-withdrawn rats. We found that PSD95, cofilin and F-actin, molecules regulating spine actin network, are reduced in the mPFC of PND 45 rats suggesting reduced spine density, confirmed by confocal imaging. Further, formation of filopodia, i.e. the inactive spines, is enhanced suggesting the formation of non-functional spines. Of note, no changes were found in molecules related to GR machinery or spine dynamics following long-term abstinence, i.e. in adult rats (PND 90). These findings demonstrate that short withdrawal promotes plastic changes in the developing brain via the dysregulation of the GR system and alterations in the spine network.
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247
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Nona CN, Bermejo MK, Ramsey AJ, Nobrega JN. Changes in dendritic spine density in the nucleus accumbens do not underlie ethanol sensitization. Synapse 2015; 69:607-10. [PMID: 26340045 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral sensitization to various drugs of abuse has been shown to change dendritic spine density and/or morphology of nucleus accumbens (NAc) medium spiny neurons, an effect seen across drug classes. However, is it not known whether behavioral sensitization to ethanol (EtOH) is also associated with structural changes in this region. Here we compared dendritic spine density and morphology between mice showing High vs. Low levels of EtOH sensitization and found that high levels of EtOH sensitization were not associated with changes in dendritic spine density or spine type. Unexpectedly, however, a significant increase in the density of stubby-type spines was seen in mice that were resistant to sensitization. Since the presence of this spine type has been associated with long-term depression and cognitive/learning deficits this may explain why these mice fail to sensitize and why they show poor performance in conditioning tasks, as previously shown. A possible causal role for structural plasticity in behavioral sensitization to various drugs has been debated. In the case of EtOH sensitization, our results suggest that drug-induced changes in structural plasticity in the accumbens neurons may not be the cause of sensitized behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina N Nona
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Kristel Bermejo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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248
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Labouesse MA, Langhans W, Meyer U. Abnormal context-reward associations in an immune-mediated neurodevelopmental mouse model with relevance to schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e637. [PMID: 26371765 PMCID: PMC5068811 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impairments in central reward processing constitute an important aspect of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite its clinical relevance, the etiology of deficient reward processing in schizophrenia remains largely unknown. Here, we used an epidemiologically informed mouse model of schizophrenia to explore the effects of prenatal immune activation on reward-related functions. The model is based on maternal administration of the viral mimic PolyI:C and has been developed in relation to the epidemiological evidence demonstrating enhanced risk of schizophrenia and related disorders following prenatal maternal infection. We show that prenatal immune activation induces selective deficits in the expression (but not acquisition) of conditioned place preference for a natural reward (sucrose) without changing hedonic or neophobic responses to the reward. On the other hand, prenatal immune activation led to enhanced place preference for the psychostimulant drug cocaine, while it attenuated the locomotor reaction to the drug. The prenatal exposure did not alter negative reinforcement learning as assessed using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm. Our findings suggest that the nature of reward-related abnormalities following prenatal immune challenge depends on the specificity of the reward (natural reward vs drug of abuse) as well as on the valence domain (positive vs negative reinforcement learning). Moreover, our data indicate that reward abnormalities emerging in prenatally immune-challenged offspring may, at least in part, stem from an inability to retrieve previously established context-reward associations and to integrate such information for appropriate goal-directed behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Labouesse
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland,Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Schorenstrasse 16, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland. E-mail:
| | - W Langhans
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - U Meyer
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
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249
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Claussen CM, Dafny N. Caudate neuronal recording in freely behaving animals following acute and chronic dose response methylphenidate exposure. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 136:21-30. [PMID: 26101057 PMCID: PMC4743873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The misuse and abuse of the psychostimulant, methylphenidate (MPD) the drug of choice in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has seen a sharp uprising in recent years among both youth and adults for its cognitive enhancing effects and for recreational purposes. This uprise in illicit use has lead to many questions concerning the long-term consequences of MPD exposure. The objective of this study was to record animal behavior concomitantly with the caudate nucleus (CN) neuronal activity following acute and repetitive (chronic) dose response exposure to methylphenidate (MPD). A saline control and three MPD dose (0.6, 2.5, and 10.0mg/kg) groups were used. Behaviorally, the same MPD dose in some animals following chronic MPD exposure elicited behavioral sensitization and other animals elicited behavioral tolerance. Based on this finding, the CN neuronal population recorded from animals expressing behavioral sensitization was also evaluated separately from CN neurons recorded from animals expressing behavioral tolerance to chronic MPD exposure, respectively. Significant differences in CN neuronal population responses between the behaviorally sensitized and the behaviorally tolerant animals were observed for the 2.5 and 10.0mg/kg MPD exposed groups. For 2.5mg/kg MPD, behaviorally sensitized animals responded by decreasing their firing rates while behaviorally tolerant animals showed mainly an increase in their firing rates. The CN neuronal responses recorded from the behaviorally sensitized animals following 10.0mg/kg MPD responded by increasing their firing rates whereas the CN neuronal recordings from the behaviorally tolerant animals showed that approximately half decreased their firing rates in response to 10.0mg/kg MPD exposure. The comparison of percentage change in neuronal firing rates showed that the behaviorally tolerant animals trended to exhibit increases in their neuronal firing rates at ED1 following initial MPD exposure and oppositely at ED10 MPD rechallenge. While the behaviorally sensitized animals in general increased in their percentage change of firing rats were observed following acute 10.0mg/kg MPD and the behaviorally sensitized 10.0mg/kg MPD animals and a robust increase in neuronal firing rates at ED1 and ED10 rechallenge. These results suggest the need to first individually analyze animal behavioral activity, and then to evaluate the neuronal responses to the drug based on the animals behavioral response to chronic MPD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Claussen
- University of Texas Health Science Center Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 7.208B, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nachum Dafny
- University of Texas Health Science Center Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., MSB 7.208B, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Casarsa BS, Marinzalda MÁ, Marchese NA, Paz MC, Vivas L, Baiardi G, Bregonzio C. A previous history of repeated amphetamine exposure modifies brain angiotensin II AT1 receptor functionality. Neuroscience 2015; 307:1-13. [PMID: 26299338 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous results from our laboratory showed that angiotensin II AT1 receptors (AT1-R) are involved in the neuroadaptative changes induced by amphetamine. The aim of the present work was to study functional and neurochemical responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) mediated by AT1-R activation in animals previously exposed to amphetamine. For this purpose male Wistar rats (250-320 g) were treated with amphetamine (2.5mg/kg/day intraperitoneal) or saline for 5 days and implanted with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannulae. Seven days after the last amphetamine administration the animals received ANG II (400 pmol) i.c.v. One group was tested in a free choice paradigm for sodium (2% NaCl) and water intake and sacrificed for Fos immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) determinations. In a second group of rats, urine and plasma samples were collected for electrolytes and plasma renin activity determination and then they were sacrificed for Fos-IR determination in Oxytocinergic neurons (Fos-OT-IR). RESULTS Repeated amphetamine exposure (a) prevented the increase in sodium intake and Fos-IR cells in caudate-putamen and accumbens nucleus induced by ANG II i.c.v. (b) potentiated urinary sodium excretion and Fos-OT-IR in hypothalamus and (c) increased the inhibitory response in plasma renin activity, in response to ANG II i.c.v. Our results indicate a possible functional desensitisation of AT1-R in response to ANG II, induced by repeated amphetamine exposure. This functional AT1-R desensitisation allows to unmask the effects of ANG II i.c.v. mediated by oxytocin. We conclude that the long lasting changes in brain AT1-R functionality should be considered among the psychostimulant-induced neuroadaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Casarsa
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Á Marinzalda
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - N A Marchese
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M C Paz
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L Vivas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Baiardi
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIByT-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - C Bregonzio
- Instituto de Farmacología Experimental Córdoba (IFEC-CONICET), Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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