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Cheng C, Che Q, Su S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog genes in six Rosaceae species and an analysis of their effects on adventitious rooting in apple. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239705. [PMID: 32976536 PMCID: PMC7518606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is essential for plant propagation, development, and response to various stresses. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for adventitious root formation. However, information on Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homolog (RBOH), a key enzyme that catalyzes the production ROS, remains limited in woody plants. Here, a total of 44 RBOH genes were identified from six Rosaceae species (Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus dulcis 'Texas’, Rubus occidentalis, Fragaria vesca and Rosa chinensis), including ten from M. domestica. Their phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs and gene structures were analyzed. Exogenous treatment with the RBOH protein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) completely inhibited adventitious root formation, whereas exogenous H2O2 treatment enhanced adventitious root formation. In addition, we found that ROS accumulated during adventitious root primordium inducing process. The expression levels of MdRBOH-H, MdRBOH-J, MdRBOH-A, MdRBOH-E1 and MdRBOH-K increased more than two-fold at days 3 or 9 after auxin treatment. In addition, cis-acting element analysis revealed that the MdRBOH-E1 promoter contained an auxin-responsive element and the MdRBOH-K promoter contained a meristem expression element. Based on the combined results from exogenous DPI and H2O2 treatment, spatiotemporal expression profiling, and cis-element analysis, MdRBOH-E1 and MdRBOH-K appear to be candidates for the control of adventitious rooting in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinqin Che
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Development and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shenghui Su
- Qingdao Key Lab of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laixi Elite Cultivars Propagation Farm, Laixi, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaozhao Xu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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202
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Comparative transcriptome analysis of Tilletia horrida infection in resistant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) male sterile lines reveals potential candidate genes and resistance mechanisms. Genomics 2020; 112:5214-5226. [PMID: 32966859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rice kernel smut (RKS), caused by the basidiomycete fungus Tilletia horrida, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting the production of male sterile lines of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to T. horrida have not yet been explored. In the present study, RNA sequencing analysis of rice male sterile lines, that are resistant and susceptible to RKS (Jiangcheng 3A and 9311A, respectively) was conducted after T. horrida infection. Transcriptomic analysis showed that a greater number of differentially expressed gene (DEGs) was observed in Jiangcheng 3A compared with 9311A after T. horrida inoculation. Furthermore, 4, 425 DEGs were uniquely detected in Jiangcheng 3A, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of these DEGs revealed that oxidoreductase activity, peroxidase activity, cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were key pathways for T. horrida resistance. In summary and based on transcriptome analysis, we suggest a preliminary regulatory mechanism for Jiangcheng 3A cultivar resistance response to T. horrida inoculation.
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203
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Chang Y, Li B, Shi Q, Geng R, Geng S, Liu J, Zhang Y, Cai Y. Comprehensive Analysis of Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologs (Rboh) Gene Family and Function of GbRboh5/18 on Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Gossypium barbadense. Front Genet 2020; 11:788. [PMID: 33061930 PMCID: PMC7517705 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) play a predominant role in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is crucial in plant growth, differentiation, as well as their responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. To date, however, there is little knowledge about the function of cotton Rboh genes. Here, we identified a total of 87 Rbohs from five sequenced Gossypium species (the diploids Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium australe, and the allotetraploids Gossypium hirsutum and Gossypium barbadense) via BLAST searching their genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of the putative 87 cotton Rbohs revealed that they were divided into seven clades. All members within the same clade are generally similar to each other in terms of gene structure and conserved domain arrangement. In G. barbadense, the expression levels of GbRbohs in the CladeD were induced in response to a fungal pathogen and to hormones (i.e., jasmonic acid and abscisic acid), based upon which the main functional member in CladeD was discerned to be GbRboh5/18. Further functional and physiological analyses showed that the knock-down of GbRboh5/18 expression attenuates plant resistance to Verticillium dahliae infection. Combined with the molecular and biochemical analyses, we found less ROS accumulation in GbRboh5/18-VIGS plants than in control plants after V. dahliae infection. Overexpression of GbRboh5/18 in G. barbadense resulted in more ROS accumulation than in control plants. These results suggest that GbRboh5/18 enhances the cotton plants' resistance against V. dahliae by elevating the levels of ROS accumulation. By integrating phylogenetic, molecular, and biochemical approaches, this comprehensive study provides a detailed overview of the number, phylogeny, and evolution of the Rboh gene family from five sequenced Gossypium species, as well as elucidating the function of GbRboh5/18 for plant resistance against V. dahliae. This study sheds fresh light on the molecular evolutionary properties and function of Rboh genes in cotton, and provides a reference for improving cotton's responses to the pathogen V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Rui Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuaipeng Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jinlei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yingfan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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204
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Niu F, Cui X, Zhao P, Sun M, Yang B, Deyholos MK, Li Y, Zhao X, Jiang YQ. WRKY42 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence through modulating SA and ROS synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:171-184. [PMID: 32634860 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence represents the final stage of leaf growth and development, and its onset and progression are strictly regulated; however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study we found that WRKY42 was highly induced during leaf senescence. Loss-of-function wrky42 mutants showed delayed leaf senescence whereas the overexpression of WRKY42 accelerated senescence. Transcriptome analysis revealed 2721 differentially expressed genes between wild-type and WRKY42-overexpressing plants, including genes involved in salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis as well as several senescence-associated genes (SAGs). Moreover, WRKY42 activated the transcription of isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1), respiratory burst oxidase homolog F (RbohF) and a few SAG genes. Consistently, the expression of these genes was reduced in wrky42 mutants but was markedly increased in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing WRKY42. Both in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) and in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays demonstrated that WRKY42 directly bound to the promoters of ICS1 and RbohF, as well as a few SAGs, to activate their expression. Genetic analysis further showed that mutations of ICS1 and RbohF suppressed the early senescence phenotype evoked by WRKY42 overexpression. Thus, we have identified WRKY42 as a novel transcription factor positively regulating leaf senescence by directly activating the transcription of ICS1, RbohF and SAGs, without any seed yield penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xinjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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205
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Zhu F, Zhu P, Xu F, Che Y, Ma Y, Ji Z. Alpha-momorcharin enhances Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tobacco mosaic virus infection through modulation of reactive oxygen species. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1212-1226. [PMID: 32713165 PMCID: PMC7411664 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC), a member of the plant ribosomal inactivating proteins (RIPs) family, has been proven to exhibit important biological properties in animals, including antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumour activities. However, the mechanism by which α-MMC increases plant resistance to viral infections remains unclear. To study the effect of α-MMC on plant viral defence and how α-MMC increases plant resistance to viruses, recombinant DNA and transgenic technologies were employed to investigate the role of α-MMC in Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) infection. Treatment with α-MMC produced through DNA recombinant technology or overexpression of α-MMC mediated by transgenic technology alleviated TMV-induced oxidative damage and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during TMV-green fluorescent protein infection of N. benthamiana. There was a significant decrease in TMV replication in the upper leaves following local α-MMC treatment and in α-MMC-overexpressing plants relative to control plants. These results suggest that application or overexpression of α-MMC in N. benthamiana increases resistance to TMV infection. Finally, our results showed that overexpression of α-MMC up-regulated the expression of ROS scavenging-related genes. α-MMC confers resistance to TMV infection by means of modulating ROS homeostasis through controlling the expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes. Overall, our study revealed a new crosstalk mechanism between α-MMC and ROS during resistance to viral infection and provides a framework to understand the molecular mechanisms of α-MMC in plant defence against viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Peng‐Xiang Zhu
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology CenterWuhan Institute of BioengineeringWuhanChina
| | - Yan‐Ping Che
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Yi‐Ming Ma
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Zhao‐Lin Ji
- College of Horticulture and Plant ProtectionJoint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri‐Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of ChinaYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
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206
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Shangguan L, Chen M, Fang X, Xie Z, Gong P, Huang Y, Wang Z, Fang J. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into regulation pathways and temporal and spatial expression characteristics of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) dormant buds in different nodes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:390. [PMID: 32842963 PMCID: PMC7449092 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bud dormancy is a strategic mechanism plants developed as an adaptation to unfavorable environments. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is one of the most ancient fruit vine species and vines are planted all over the world due to their great economic benefits. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy between adjacent months, the transcriptomes of 'Rosario Bianco' grape buds of 6 months and three nodes were analyzed using RNA-sequencing technology and pair-wise comparison. From November to April of the following year, pairwise comparisons were conducted between adjacent months. RESULTS A total of 11,647 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from five comparisons. According to the results of cluster analysis of the DEG profiles and the climatic status of the sampling period, the 6 months were divided into three key processes (November to January, January to March, and March to April). Pair-wise comparisons of DEG profiles of adjacent months and three main dormancy processes showed that the whole grapevine bud dormancy period was mainly regulated by the antioxidant system, secondary metabolism, cell cycle and division, cell wall metabolism, and carbohydrates metabolism. Additionally, several DEGs, such as VvGA2OX6 and VvSS3, showed temporally and spatially differential expression patterns, which normalized to a similar trend during or before April. CONCLUSION Considering these results, the molecular mechanisms underlying bud dormancy in the grapevine can be hypothesized, which lays the foundation for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Shangguan
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Mengxia Chen
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhenqiang Xie
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212499, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peijie Gong
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zicheng Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- Department of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
- Fruit Crop Genetic Improvement and Seedling Propagation Engineering Center of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, China
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207
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Wang Y, Cui X, Yang B, Xu S, Wei X, Zhao P, Niu F, Sun M, Wang C, Cheng H, Jiang YQ. WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates leaf senescence and the defense response by modulating the transcription of genes implicated in the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev.189647. [PMID: 32680933 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) are two factors regulating leaf senescence and defense against pathogens. However, how a single gene integrates both ROS and SA pathways remains poorly understood. Here, we show that Arabidopsis WRKY55 transcription factor positively regulates ROS and SA accumulation, and thus leaf senescence and resistance against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae WRKY55 is predominantly expressed in senescent leaves and encodes a transcriptional activator localized to nuclei. Both inducible and constitutive overexpression of WRKY55 accelerates leaf senescence, whereas mutants delay it. Transcriptomic sequencing identified 1448 differentially expressed genes, of which 1157 genes are upregulated by WRKY55 expression. Accordingly, the ROS and SA contents in WRKY55-overexpressing plants are higher than those in control plants, whereas the opposite occurs in mutants. Moreover, WRKY55 positively regulates defense against P. syringae Finally, we show that WRKY55 activates the expression of RbohD, ICS1, PBS3 and SAG13 by binding directly to the W-box-containing fragments. Taken together, our work has identified a new WRKY transcription factor that integrates both ROS and SA pathways to regulate leaf senescence and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Shutao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiangyan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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208
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Patavardhan SS, Subba P, Najar A, Awasthi K, D'Souza L, Prasad TSK, Nivas SK. Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Broad Mite ( Polyphagotarsonemus latus)-Induced Proteomic Changes in Chili Pepper Plant ( Capsicum frutescens). OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2020; 24:714-725. [PMID: 32780627 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2020.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant-pathogen interactions are key biological events that shape ecological dynamics, food production, agriculture and economy. In this context, Capsicum frutescens is an economically and culturally significant chili pepper plant grown widely across the globe as an essential ingredient of hot sauces, chili concentrates, oleoresin flavors, and also in traditional medicines. An important pathogen that limits chili cultivation causing low yield and economic loss is the broad mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus. Broad mite-infested chili plants have stunted growth and leaves appear coppery and dark, which show symptoms of leaf curl and more importantly the smaller fruits unfit for consumption. The molecular mechanisms of how broad mite affect chili remain poorly understood. In this study, we report a tandem mass tag (TMT)-labeled mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis of leaves and apical meristems of healthy and infected chili pepper plants. In total, we identified 5799 proteins, of which 1677 proteins were found to be differentially regulated in infested plants. Related signaling pathways of the differentially expressed proteins were examined using bioinformatics tools. Predominantly, we identified pathways associated with jasmonic acid synthesis, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and plant defense and hormone signal transduction. We also observed upregulation of several enzymes of the phenylpropanoid and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways. This study provides the first in-depth proteomic analysis that correlates broad mite infestation in chili and dysregulation of various pathways that take part in plant defense. In the future, data can be extrapolated for innovation in pest management methods whose ecological footprints are better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Patavardhan
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangalore, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
| | - Pratigya Subba
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Altaf Najar
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Kriti Awasthi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Leo D'Souza
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangalore, India
| | | | - Shashi Kiran Nivas
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, St Aloysius College (Autonomous), Mangalore, India
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209
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Hawamda AIM, Zahoor A, Abbas A, Ali MA, Bohlmann H. The Arabidopsis RboHB Encoded by At1g09090 Is Important for Resistance against Nematodes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155556. [PMID: 32756498 PMCID: PMC7432757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are a byproduct of aerobic metabolic processes but are also produced by plants in defense against pathogens. In addition, they can function as signaling molecules that control various aspects of plant life, ranging from developmental processes to responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli. In plants, reactive oxygen species can be produced by respiratory burst oxidase homologues. Arabidopsis contains 10 genes for respiratory burst oxidase homologues that are involved in different aspects of plant life. Plant pathogenic cyst nematodes such as Heterodera schachtii induce a syncytium in the roots of host plants that becomes a feeding site which supplies nutrients throughout the life of the nematode. In line with this function, the transcriptome of the syncytium shows drastic changes. One of the genes that is most strongly downregulated in syncytia codes for respiratory burst oxidase homologue B. This gene is root-specific and we confirm here the downregulation in nematode feeding sites with a promoter::GUS (β-glucuronidase) line. Overexpression of this gene resulted in enhanced resistance against nematodes but also against leaf-infecting pathogens. Thus, respiratory burst oxidase homologue B has a role in resistance. The function of this gene is in contrast to respiratory burst oxidase homologues D and F, which have been found to be needed for full susceptibility of Arabidopsis to H. schachtii. However, our bioinformatic analysis did not find differences between these proteins that could account for the opposed function in the interaction with nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalmenem I. M. Hawamda
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Technology, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK), P.O. Box 7, Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Adil Zahoor
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Chonnam 59626, Korea;
| | - Amjad Abbas
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Ali
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.B.)
| | - Holger Bohlmann
- Institute of Plant Protection, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.I.M.H.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.B.)
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210
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Schall P, Marutschke L, Grimm B. The Flavoproteome of the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155371. [PMID: 32731628 PMCID: PMC7432721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are essential cofactors for enzymes, which catalyze a broad spectrum of vital reactions. This paper intends to compile all potential FAD/FMN-binding proteins encoded by the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Several computational approaches were applied to group the entire flavoproteome according to (i) different catalytic reactions in enzyme classes, (ii) the localization in subcellular compartments, (iii) different protein families and subclasses, and (iv) their classification to structural properties. Subsequently, the physiological significance of several of the larger flavoprotein families was highlighted. It is conclusive that plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana, use many flavoenzymes for plant-specific and pivotal metabolic activities during development and for signal transduction pathways in response to biotic and abiotic stress. Thereby, often two up to several homologous genes are found encoding proteins with high protein similarity. It is proposed that these gene families for flavoproteins reflect presumably their need for differential transcriptional control or the expression of similar proteins with modified flavin-binding properties or catalytic activities.
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211
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Proteomic profiling of developing wheat heads under water-stress. Funct Integr Genomics 2020; 20:695-710. [PMID: 32681185 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-020-00746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A replicated iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) study on developing wheat heads from two doubled haploid (DH) lines identified from a cross between cv Westonia x cv Kauz characterized the proteome changes influenced by reproductive stage water-stress. All lines were exposed to 10 days of water-stress from early booting (Zadok 40), with sample sets taken from five head developmental stages. Two sample groups (water-stressed and control) account for 120 samples that required 18 eight-plex iTRAQ runs. Based on the IWGSC RefSeq v1 wheat assembly, among the 4592 identified proteins, a total of 132 proteins showed a significant response to water-stress, including the down-regulation of a mitochondrial Rho GTPase, a regulator of intercellular fundamental biological processes (7.5 fold) and cell division protein FtsZ at anthesis (6.0 fold). Up-regulated proteins included inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (3.83 fold) and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (4.05 fold). The Pre-FHE and FHE stages (full head emerged) of head development were differentiated by 391 proteins and 270 proteins differentiated the FHE and Post-FHE stages. Water-stress during meiosis affected seed setting with 27% and 6% reduction in the progeny DH105 and DH299 respectively. Among the 77 proteins that differentiated between the two DH lines, 7 proteins were significantly influenced by water-stress and correlated with the seed set phenotype response of the DH lines to water-stress (e.g. the up-regulation of a subtilisin-like protease in DH 299 relative to DH 105). This study provided unique insights into the biological changes in developing wheat head that occur during water-stress.
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212
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Bobrovskikh A, Zubairova U, Kolodkin A, Doroshkov A. Subcellular compartmentalization of the plant antioxidant system: an integrated overview. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9451. [PMID: 32742779 PMCID: PMC7369019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant system (AOS) maintains the optimal concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cell and protects it against oxidative stress. In plants, the AOS consists of seven main classes of antioxidant enzymes, low-molecular antioxidants (e.g., ascorbate, glutathione, and their oxidized forms) and thioredoxin/glutaredoxin systems which can serve as reducing agents for antioxidant enzymes. The number of genes encoding AOS enzymes varies between classes, and same class enzymes encoded by different gene copies may have different subcellular localizations, functional loads and modes of evolution. These facts hereafter reinforce the complex nature of AOS regulation and functioning. Further studies can describe new trends in the behavior and functioning of systems components, and provide new fundamental knowledge about systems regulation. The system is revealed to have a lot of interactions and interplay pathways between its components at the subcellular level (antioxidants, enzymes, ROS level, and hormonal and transcriptional regulation). These facts should be taken into account in further studies during the AOS modeling by describing the main pathways of generating and utilizing ROS, as well as the associated signaling processes and regulation of the system on cellular and organelle levels, which is a complicated and ambitious task. Another objective for studying the phenomenon of the AOS is related to the influence of cell dynamics and circadian rhythms on it. Therefore, the AOS requires an integrated and multi-level approach to study. We focused this review on the existing scientific background and experimental data used for the systems biology research of the plant AOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Bobrovskikh
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Ulyana Zubairova
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Kolodkin
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- The University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Alexey Doroshkov
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
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213
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Hu CH, Zeng QD, Tai L, Li BB, Zhang PP, Nie XM, Wang PQ, Liu WT, Li WQ, Kang ZS, Han DJ, Chen KM. Interaction between TaNOX7 and TaCDPK13 Contributes to Plant Fertility and Drought Tolerance by Regulating ROS Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7333-7347. [PMID: 32551586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is critical for both physiological processes and stress responses of plants. NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are the key producers of ROS in plants. However, their functions in ROS homeostasis and plant growth regulation in wheat (Triticum aestivum) are little investigated. Here, we cloned and characterized a NOX isoform TaNOX7 in wheat. Overexpression of TaNOX7 in rice led to enhanced root length, ROS production, drought tolerance as well as bigger panicles and higher yield but shorter growth period duration. Further results indicate that TaCDPK13, a member of calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), can directly interact with TaNOX7 and enhance ROS production in plants. These results demonstrate that TaNOX7 plays crucial roles in wheat development, fertility, and drought tolerance via interaction with TaCDPK13, which may act as an upstream regulator of TaNOX7 to regulate ROS production in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - De-Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, P. R. China
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214
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Cui X, Zhao P, Liang W, Cheng Q, Mu B, Niu F, Yan J, Liu C, Xie H, Kav NNV, Deyholos MK, Jiang YQ, Yang B. A Rapeseed WRKY Transcription Factor Phosphorylated by CPK Modulates Cell Death and Leaf Senescence by Regulating the Expression of ROS and SA-Synthesis-Related Genes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7348-7359. [PMID: 32530625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are two well-defined inducers of leaf senescence. Here, we identified a novel WRKY transcription factor gene WSR1 (WRKY regulating SA and ROS 1) in Brassica napus (rapeseed) in promoting SA and ROS production, which eventually led to leaf senescence thereafter. Its expression increased in senescing leaves. Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (CPK) 5 and -6 interacted with and phosphorylated BnaWSR1. Overexpression of phosphomimic BnaWSR1 (BnaWSR1ca) in rapeseed protoplasts elicited ROS production and cell death while its ectopic expression in Arabidopsis enhanced SA and ROS levels and, hence, accelerated leaf senescence. Furthermore, BnaWSR1ca activated the expression of Isochorismate Synthase 1 (ICS1), Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologue (Rboh) D, and Senescence-Associated Gene 14 (SAG14). Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) assays demonstrated that BnaWSR1ca directly bound to promoter regions of ICS1, RbohD, and SAG14. These data have identified a CPK-WSR1 module that integrates SA and ROS to control cell death and leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peiyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wanwan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bangbang Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Fangfang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan State Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Agrobiotechnology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Nat N V Kav
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael K Deyholos
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Yuan-Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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215
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Candotto Carniel F, Fortuna L, Nepi M, Cai G, Del Casino C, Adami G, Bramini M, Bosi S, Flahaut E, Martín C, Vázquez E, Prato M, Tretiach M. Beyond graphene oxide acidity: Novel insights into graphene related materials effects on the sexual reproduction of seed plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 393:122380. [PMID: 32126426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphene related materials (GRMs) are currently being used in products and devices of everyday life and this strongly increases the possibility of their ultimate release into the environment as waste items. GRMs have several effects on plants, and graphene oxide (GO) in particular, can affect pollen germination and tube growth due to its acidic properties. Despite the socio-economic importance of sexual reproduction in seed plants, the effect of GRMs on this process is still largely unknown. Here, Corylus avellana L. (common Hazel) pollen was germinated in-vitro with and without 1-100 μg mL-1 few-layer graphene (FLG), GO and reduced GO (rGO) to identify GRMs effects alternative to the acidification damage caused by GO. At 100 μg mL-1 both FLG and GO decreased pollen germination, however only GO negatively affected pollen tube growth. Furthermore, GO adsorbed about 10 % of the initial Ca2+ from germination media accounting for a further decrease in germination of 13 % at the pH created by GO. In addition, both FLG and GO altered the normal tip-focused reactive oxygen species (ROS) distribution along the pollen tube. The results provided here help to understand GRMs effect on the sexual reproduction of seed plants and to address future in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Candotto Carniel
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Fortuna
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nepi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Del Casino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4, I-53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giampiero Adami
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mattia Bramini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, I-16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Susanna Bosi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Emmanuel Flahaut
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, UMR CNRS-UPS-INP N° 5085, Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Bât. CIRIMAT, 118, route de Narbonne, F-31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France.
| | - Cristina Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Ester Vázquez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Av. Camilo José Cela, s/n, E-13005, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, I-34127, Trieste, Italy; Carbon Nanobiotechnology Laboratory CIC BiomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, E-20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Mauro Tretiach
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, I-34127, Trieste, Italy.
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216
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Lin F, Li S, Wang K, Tian H, Gao J, Zhao Q, Du C. A leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase, OsSTLK, modulates salt tolerance in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110465. [PMID: 32540023 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) have been widely associated with plant abiotic stress responses. However, the functions of the majority of LRR-RLKs has not been well defined. Here, we identified a novel rice LRR-RLK member involved in salt tolerance and designated as OsSTLK (Oryza sativa L. Salt-Tolerance LRR-RLK). Transcript analysis showed that OsSTLK was significantly induced in response to salt stress in rice shoot and root in a time and dosage-dependent fashion. Phenotypic observations indicated that OsSTLK overexpression exhibited reduced salt sensitivity, and improved salt stress tolerance. Further physiological analysis showed that OsSTLK overexpression remarkably reduced electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under salt stress conditions by up-regulating ROS-scavenging activities and modifying stomatal patterning. Moreover, Na+/K+ ratio and MAPK phosphorylation level were also reduced in OsSTLK-overexpression transgenic rice plants compared with WT control. Taken together, our findings suggested that OsSTLK as an important positive regulator of salt stress tolerance perhaps through regulating ROS scavenging system, Na+/K+ ratio and MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faming Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Shen Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haoran Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Junfeng Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Changqing Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Rice Engineer Center in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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217
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Ochoa-Fernandez R, Abel NB, Wieland FG, Schlegel J, Koch LA, Miller JB, Engesser R, Giuriani G, Brandl SM, Timmer J, Weber W, Ott T, Simon R, Zurbriggen MD. Optogenetic control of gene expression in plants in the presence of ambient white light. Nat Methods 2020; 17:717-725. [PMID: 32601426 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Optogenetics is the genetic approach for controlling cellular processes with light. It provides spatiotemporal, quantitative and reversible control over biological signaling and metabolic processes, overcoming limitations of chemically inducible systems. However, optogenetics lags in plant research because ambient light required for growth leads to undesired system activation. We solved this issue by developing plant usable light-switch elements (PULSE), an optogenetic tool for reversibly controlling gene expression in plants under ambient light. PULSE combines a blue-light-regulated repressor with a red-light-inducible switch. Gene expression is only activated under red light and remains inactive under white light or in darkness. Supported by a quantitative mathematical model, we characterized PULSE in protoplasts and achieved high induction rates, and we combined it with CRISPR-Cas9-based technologies to target synthetic signaling and developmental pathways. We applied PULSE to control immune responses in plant leaves and generated Arabidopsis transgenic plants. PULSE opens broad experimental avenues in plant research and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Ochoa-Fernandez
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,iGRAD Plant Graduate School, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolaj B Abel
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Jenia Schlegel
- iGRAD Plant Graduate School, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Leonie-Alexa Koch
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - J Benjamin Miller
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Raphael Engesser
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Giovanni Giuriani
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Univeersity of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon M Brandl
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jens Timmer
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wilfried Weber
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Thomas Ott
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.,Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- iGRAD Plant Graduate School, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Developmental Genetics, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,CEPLAS-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Matias D Zurbriggen
- Institute of Synthetic Biology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,iGRAD Plant Graduate School, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany. .,CEPLAS-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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218
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Jing Y, Shen N, Zheng X, Fu A, Zhao F, Lan W, Luan S. Danger-Associated Peptide Regulates Root Immune Responses and Root Growth by Affecting ROS Formation in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134590. [PMID: 32605179 PMCID: PMC7369728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant elicitor peptides (Peps) are damage/danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are perceived by a pair of receptor-like kinases, PEPR1 and PEPR2, to enhance innate immunity and induce the growth inhibition of root in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we show that PEPR1 and PEPR2 function vitally in roots to regulate the root immune responses when treating the roots with bacterial pathogen Pst DC3000. PEPR2, rather than PEPR1, played a predominant role in the perception of Pep1 in the roots and further triggered a strong ROS accumulation—the substance acts as an antimicrobial agent or as a secondary messenger in plant cells. Consistently, seedlings mutating two major ROS-generating enzyme genes, respiratory burst oxidase homologs D and F (RBOHD and RBOHF), abolished the root ROS accumulation and impaired the growth inhibition of the roots induced by Pep1. Furthermore, we revealed that botrytis-induced kinase 1 (BIK1) physically interacted with PEPRs and RBOHD/F, respectively, and served downstream of the Pep1-PEPRs signaling pathway to regulate Pep1-induced ROS production and root growth inhibition. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a previously unrecognized signaling crosstalk between Pep1 and ROS signaling to regulate root immune response and root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (A.F.)
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (N.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Nuo Shen
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (N.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaojiang Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (A.F.)
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aigen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China; (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Fugeng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (N.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; (N.S.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (S.L.)
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (S.L.)
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219
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Noman A, Aqeel M, Irshad MK, Qari SH, Hashem M, Alamri S, AbdulMajeed AM, Al-Sadi AM. Elicitins as molecular weapons against pathogens: consolidated biotechnological strategy for enhancing plant growth. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:821-832. [PMID: 32546015 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1779174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To fight against pathogens, defense systems in plants mainly depend upon preformed as well as induced responses. Pathogen detection activates induced responses and signals are transmitted for coordinated cellular events in order to restrict infection and spread. In spite of significant developments in manipulating genes, transcription factors and proteins for their involvement in immunity, absolute tolerance/resistance to pathogens has not been seen in plants/crops. Defense responses, among diverse plant types, to different pathogens involve modifications at the physio-biochemical and molecular levels. Secreted by oomycetes, elicitins are small, highly conserved and sterol-binding extracellular proteins with PAMP (pathogen associated molecular patterns) functions and are capable of eliciting plant defense reactions. Belonging to multigene families in oomycetes, elicitins are different from other plant proteins and show a different affinity for binding sterols and other lipids. These function for sterols binding to catalyze their inter-membrane and intra- as well as inter-micelle transport. Importantly, elicitins protect plants by inducing HR (hypersensitive response) and systemic acquired resistance. Despite immense metabolic significance and the involvement in defense activities, elicitins have not yet been fully studied and many questions regarding their functional activities remain to be explained. In order to address multiple questions associated with the role of elicitins, we have reviewed the understanding and topical advancements in plant defense mechanisms with a particular interest in elicitin-based defense actions and metabolic activities. This article offers potential attributes of elicitins as the biological control of plant diseases and can be considered as a baseline toward a more profound understanding of elicitins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Noman
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aqeel
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, PR China
| | - Muhammad Kashif Irshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hashem
- College of Science, Department of Biology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Faculty of Science, Botany and Microbiology Department, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Saad Alamri
- College of Science, Department of Biology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Prince Sultan Ben Abdulaziz Center for Environmental and Tourism Research and Studies, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awatif M AbdulMajeed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Tabook, Umluj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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220
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Tran D, Zhao T, Arbelet-Bonnin D, Kadono T, Meimoun P, Cangémi S, Noûs C, Kawano T, Errakhi R, Bouteau F. Early Cellular Responses Induced by Sedimentary Calcite-Processed Particles in Bright Yellow 2 Tobacco Cultured Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4279. [PMID: 32560138 PMCID: PMC7349144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcite processed particles (CaPPs, Megagreen®) elaborated from sedimentary limestone rock, and finned by tribomecanic process were found to increase photosynthetic CO2 fixation grapevines and stimulate growth of various cultured plants. Due to their processing, the CaPPs present a jagged shape with some invaginations below the micrometer size. We hypothesised that CaPPs could have a nanoparticle (NP)-like effects on plants. Our data show that CaPPs spontaneously induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in liquid medium. These ROS could in turn induce well-known cellular events such as increase in cytosolic Ca2+, biotic ROS generation and activation of anion channels indicating that these CaPPs could activate various signalling pathways in a NP-like manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tran
- Agroscope, Institute for Plant Production Systems, 1964 Conthey, Switzerland
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Delphine Arbelet-Bonnin
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Takashi Kadono
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan;
| | - Patrice Meimoun
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Sylvie Cangémi
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
| | | | - Tomonori Kawano
- Graduate School of Environmental Engineering, University of Kitakyushu 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan;
- LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
- Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute (PIERI), Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rafik Errakhi
- Eurofins Agriscience Service, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - François Bouteau
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Université de Paris, 75013 Paris, France; (T.Z.); (D.A.-B.); (T.K.); (P.M.); (S.C.); (F.B.)
- LINV Kitakyushu Research Center (LINV@Kitakyushu), Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
- International Photosynthesis Industrialization Research Center, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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221
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Fichman Y, Mittler R. Rapid systemic signaling during abiotic and biotic stresses: is the ROS wave master of all trades? THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:887-896. [PMID: 31943489 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly communicating the perception of an abiotic stress event, wounding or pathogen infection, from its initial site of occurrence to the entire plant, i.e. rapid systemic signaling, is essential for successful plant acclimation and defense. Recent studies highlighted an important role for several rapid whole-plant systemic signals in mediating plant acclimation and defense during different abiotic and biotic stresses. These include calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydraulic and electric waves. Although the role of some of these signals in inducing and coordinating whole-plant systemic responses was demonstrated, many questions related to their mode of action, routes of propagation and integration remain unanswered. In addition, it is unclear how these signals convey specificity to the systemic response, and how are they integrated under conditions of stress combination. Here we highlight many of these questions, as well as provide a proposed model for systemic signal integration, focusing on the ROS wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Fichman
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins St, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
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222
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Rasmusson AG, Escobar MA, Hao M, Podgórska A, Szal B. Mitochondrial NAD(P)H oxidation pathways and nitrate/ammonium redox balancing in plants. Mitochondrion 2020; 53:158-165. [PMID: 32485334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is characterised by alternative electron transport pathways with different energetic efficiencies, allowing turnover of cellular redox compounds like NAD(P)H. These electron transport chain pathways are profoundly affected by soil nitrogen availability, most commonly as oxidized nitrate (NO3-) and/or reduced ammonium (NH4+). The bioenergetic strategies involved in assimilating different N sources can alter redox homeostasis and antioxidant systems in different cellular compartments, including the mitochondria and the cell wall. Conversely, changes in mitochondrial redox systems can affect plant responses to N. This review explores the integration between N assimilation, mitochondrial redox metabolism, and apoplast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Rasmusson
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matthew A Escobar
- California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, USA
| | - Mengshu Hao
- Lund University, Department of Biology, Sölvegatan 35B, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Podgórska
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ilii Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Szal
- University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Ilii Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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223
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Kappagantu M, Collum TD, Dardick C, Culver JN. Viral Hacks of the Plant Vasculature: The Role of Phloem Alterations in Systemic Virus Infection. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:351-370. [PMID: 32453971 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-010320-072410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
For plant viruses, the ability to load into the vascular phloem and spread systemically within a host is an essential step in establishing a successful infection. However, access to the vascular phloem is highly regulated, representing a significant obstacle to virus loading, movement, and subsequent unloading into distal uninfected tissues. Recent studies indicate that during virus infection, phloem tissues are a source of significant transcriptional and translational alterations, with the number of virus-induced differentially expressed genes being four- to sixfold greater in phloem tissues than in surrounding nonphloem tissues. In addition, viruses target phloem-specific components as a means to promote their own systemic movement and disrupt host defense processes. Combined, these studies provide evidence that the vascular phloem plays a significant role in the mediation and control of host responses during infection and as such is a site of considerable modulation by the infecting virus. This review outlines the phloem responses and directed reprograming mechanisms that viruses employ to promote their movement through the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kappagantu
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA;
| | - Tamara D Collum
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Christopher Dardick
- Appalachian Fruit Research Station, US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, West Virginia 25430, USA
| | - James N Culver
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; .,Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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224
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Zhao J, Mao Z, Sun Q, Liu Q, Jian H, Xie B. MiMIF-2 Effector of Meloidogyne incognita Exhibited Enzyme Activities and Potential Roles in Plant Salicylic Acid Synthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103507. [PMID: 32429304 PMCID: PMC7278917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes secrete a series of effectors to promote parasitism by modulating host immunity, but the detailed molecular mechanism is ambiguous. Animal parasites secrete macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-like proteins for evasion of host immune systems, in which their biochemical activities play essential roles. Previous research demonstrated that MiMIF-2 effector was secreted by Meloidogyne incognita and modulated host immunity by interacting with annexins. In this study, we show that MiMIF-2 had tautomerase activity and protected nematodes against H2O2 damage. MiMIF-2 expression not only decreased the amount of H2O2 generation during nematode infection in Arabidopsis, but also suppressed Bax-induced cell death by inhibiting reactive oxygen species burst in Nicotiana benthamiana. Further, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis and RT-qPCR showed that the expression of some heat-shock proteins was down regulated in MiMIF-2 transgenic Arabidopsis. After treatment with flg22, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis indicated that the differentially expressed genes in MiMIF-2 expressing Arabidopsis were pointed to plant hormone signal transduction, compound metabolism and plant defense. RT-qPCR and metabolomic results confirmed that salicylic acid (SA) related marker genes and SA content were significantly decreased. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of how MiMIF-2 modulates plant immunity and broaden knowledge of the intricate relationship between M. incognita and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlong Zhao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (Q.S.)
| | - Zhenchuan Mao
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (Q.S.)
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Heng Jian
- Department of Plant Pathology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (B.X.)
| | - Bingyan Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China; (J.Z.); (Z.M.); (Q.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.J.); (B.X.)
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225
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González-Gordo S, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Palma JM, Corpas FJ. Superoxide Radical Metabolism in Sweet Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits Is Regulated by Ripening and by a NO-Enriched Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:485. [PMID: 32477380 PMCID: PMC7240112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide radical (O2 •-) is involved in numerous physiological and stress processes in higher plants. Fruit ripening encompasses degradative and biosynthetic pathways including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. With the use of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits at different ripening stages and under a nitric oxide (NO)-enriched environment, the metabolism of O2 •- was evaluated at biochemical and molecular levels considering the O2 •- generation by a NADPH oxidase system and its dismutation by superoxide dismutase (SOD). At the biochemical level, seven O2 •--generating NADPH-dependent oxidase isozymes [also called respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) I-VII], with different electrophoretic mobility and abundance, were detected considering all ripening stages from green to red fruits and NO environment. Globally, this system was gradually increased from green to red stage with a maximum of approximately 2.4-fold increase in red fruit compared with green fruit. Significantly, breaking-point (BP) fruits with and without NO treatment both showed intermediate values between those observed in green and red peppers, although the value in NO-treated fruits was lower than in BP untreated fruits. The O2 •--generating NADPH oxidase isozymes I and VI were the most affected. On the other hand, four SOD isozymes were identified by non-denaturing electrophoresis: one Mn-SOD, one Fe-SOD, and two CuZn-SODs. However, none of these SOD isozymes showed any significant change during the ripening from green to red fruits or under NO treatment. In contrast, at the molecular level, both RNA-sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed different patterns with downregulation of four genes RBOH A, C, D, and E during pepper fruit ripening. On the contrary, it was found out the upregulation of a Mn-SOD gene in the ripening transition from immature green to red ripe stages, whereas a Fe-SOD gene was downregulated. In summary, the data reveal a contradictory behavior between activity and gene expression of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of O2 •- during the ripening of pepper fruit. However, it could be concluded that the prevalence and regulation of the O2 •- generation system (NADPH oxidase-like) seem to be essential for an appropriate control of the pepper fruit ripening, which, additionally, is modulated in the presence of a NO-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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226
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Shi Y, Phan H, Liu Y, Cao S, Zhang Z, Chu C, Schläppi MR. Glycosyltransferase OsUGT90A1 helps protect the plasma membrane during chilling stress in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2723-2739. [PMID: 31974553 PMCID: PMC7210772 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to its subtropical origins, rice (Oryza sativa) is sensitive to low-temperature stress. In this study, we identify LOC_Os04g24110, annotated to encode the UDP-glycosyltransferase enzyme UGT90A1, as a gene associated with the low-temperature seedling survivability (LTSS) quantitative trait locus qLTSS4-1. Differences between haplotypes in the control region of OsUGT90A1 correlate with chilling tolerance phenotypes, and reflect differential expression between tolerant and sensitive accessions rather than differences in protein sequences. Expression of OsUGT90A1 is initially enhanced by low temperature, and its overexpression helps to maintain membrane integrity during cold stress and promotes leaf growth during stress recovery, which are correlated with reduced levels of reactive oxygen species due to increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, overexpression of OsUGT90A1 in Arabidopsis improves freezing survival and tolerance to salt stress, again correlated with enhanced activities of antioxidant enzymes. Overexpression of OsUGT90A1 in rice decreases root lengths in 3-week-old seedlings while gene-knockout increases the length, indicating that its differential expression may affect phytohormone activities. We conclude that higher OsUGT90A1 expression in chilling-tolerant accessions helps to maintain cell membrane integrity as an abiotic stress-tolerance mechanism that prepares plants for the resumption of growth and development during subsequent stress recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Present address: The University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Levy Building, Biochemistry Department, Rm538, 240 S 40th St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Huy Phan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Yaju Liu
- National Sweet Potato Improvement Center, Sweet Potato Research Institute, Xuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shouyun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael R Schläppi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Correspondence:
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227
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Calleja-Cabrera J, Boter M, Oñate-Sánchez L, Pernas M. Root Growth Adaptation to Climate Change in Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:544. [PMID: 32457782 PMCID: PMC7227386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is threatening crop productivity worldwide and new solutions to adapt crops to these environmental changes are urgently needed. Elevated temperatures driven by climate change affect developmental and physiological plant processes that, ultimately, impact on crop yield and quality. Plant roots are responsible for water and nutrients uptake, but changes in soil temperatures alters this process limiting crop growth. With the predicted variable climatic forecast, the development of an efficient root system better adapted to changing soil and environmental conditions is crucial for enhancing crop productivity. Root traits associated with improved adaptation to rising temperatures are increasingly being analyzed to obtain more suitable crop varieties. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge about the effect of increasing temperatures on root growth and their impact on crop yield. First, we will describe the main alterations in root architecture that different crops undergo in response to warmer soils. Then, we will outline the main coordinated physiological and metabolic changes taking place in roots and aerial parts that modulate the global response of the plant to increased temperatures. We will discuss on some of the main regulatory mechanisms controlling root adaptation to warmer soils, including the activation of heat and oxidative pathways to prevent damage of root cells and disruption of root growth; the interplay between hormonal regulatory pathways and the global changes on gene expression and protein homeostasis. We will also consider that in the field, increasing temperatures are usually associated with other abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought, salinity, nutrient deficiencies, and pathogen infections. We will present recent advances on how the root system is able to integrate and respond to complex and different stimuli in order to adapt to an increasingly changing environment. Finally, we will discuss the new prospects and challenges in this field as well as the more promising pathways for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Pernas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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228
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Jakubowicz M, Nowak W, Gałgański Ł, Babula-Skowrońska D, Kubiak P. Expression profiling of the genes encoding ABA route components and the ACC oxidase isozymes in the senescing leaves of Populus tremula. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 248:153143. [PMID: 32126452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) triggers and regulates, while ethylene modulates autumn leaf senescence. The expression profiles of genes encoding ABA route components and the ACC oxidase isozymes were investigated in Populus tremula during the early and moderate stages of autumn leaf senescence. The targets of interest were Ptre-HAB1-like genes (Ptre-HAB1, Ptre-HAB3a and Ptre-HAB3b), the subclass 3 of Ptre-SnRK2s genes (Ptre-SnRK2.6a, Ptre-SnRK2.6b and Ptre-SnRK2.6b) and Ptre-RbohD1, Ptre-RbohF1, and Ptre-RbohF2 genes encoding the poplar components, which are counterparts of the ABA route key regulators or the counterparts of its secondary messengers, such as Homology to ABA-insensitive 1 (HAB1), Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinases 2 (SnRK2s) or Respiratory burst oxidase D and Respiratory burst oxidase F (RbohD and RbohF, respectively) in Arabidopsis, and Ptre-ACO3, Ptre-ACO5, and Ptre-ACO6 genes encoding ACC oxidase isozymes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. The fold change in their expression levels enabled to distinguish the distinct expression patterns for the following pairs of genes: Ptre-HAB3a and Ptre-SnRK2.6a, Ptre-HAB3b and Ptre-SnRK2.2, and Ptre-HAB1 and Ptre-SnRK2.6b, where each pair involves the genes encoding the negative and positive regulators of ABA route, respectively. Among the investigated genes, the fold change of expression was the highest for Ptre-ACO3, Ptre-ACO6, and Ptre-SnRK2.6b genes during both the studied stages, and additionally for Ptre-HAB1 and Ptre-RbohD1 genes during the moderate stage. In contrast, the Ptre-RbohF1 and Ptre-RbohF2 genes exhibited only the transient upregulation at the early stage of senescence. In an in vitro study, the ability of protein kinases Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b to phosphorylate the N-terminal regions of Ptre-RbohD1 and Ptre-RbohF2 was studied; the activity of Ptre-SnRK2.6b against the studied Ptre-Rbohs was noticeably lower than that exhibited by Ptre-SnRK2.6a. It seems that despite the high similarity of their polypeptides, Ptre-SnRK2.6a and Ptre-SnRK2.6b may play different biological roles; nonetheless, it requires in vivo confirmation. Surprisingly, the highest protein kinase activity against the Ptre-Rbohs was detected in the heterologous reaction with AT-SnRK2.6/OST1 which suggests that the discussed interactions are evolutionary conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Jakubowicz
- Department of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gałgański
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Danuta Babula-Skowrońska
- Department of Environmental Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznań, Poland
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229
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Dourmap C, Roque S, Morin A, Caubrière D, Kerdiles M, Béguin K, Perdoux R, Reynoud N, Bourdet L, Audebert PA, Moullec JL, Couée I. Stress signalling dynamics of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation system in higher plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:721-736. [PMID: 31711195 PMCID: PMC7182585 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria play a diversity of physiological and metabolic roles under conditions of abiotic or biotic stress. They may be directly subjected to physico-chemical constraints, and they are also involved in integrative responses to environmental stresses through their central position in cell nutrition, respiration, energy balance and biosyntheses. In plant cells, mitochondria present various biochemical peculiarities, such as cyanide-insensitive alternative respiration, and, besides integration with ubiquitous eukaryotic compartments, their functioning must be coupled with plastid functioning. Moreover, given the sessile lifestyle of plants, their relative lack of protective barriers and present threats of climate change, the plant cell is an attractive model to understand the mechanisms of stress/organelle/cell integration in the context of environmental stress responses. SCOPE The involvement of mitochondria in this integration entails a complex network of signalling, which has not been fully elucidated, because of the great diversity of mitochondrial constituents (metabolites, reactive molecular species and structural and regulatory biomolecules) that are linked to stress signalling pathways. The present review analyses the complexity of stress signalling connexions that are related to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation system, and how they can be involved in stress perception and transduction, signal amplification or cell stress response modulation. CONCLUSIONS Plant mitochondria are endowed with a diversity of multi-directional hubs of stress signalling that lead to regulatory loops and regulatory rheostats, whose functioning can amplify and diversify some signals or, conversely, dampen and reduce other signals. Involvement in a wide range of abiotic and biotic responses also implies that mitochondrial stress signalling could result in synergistic or conflicting outcomes during acclimation to multiple and complex stresses, such as those arising from climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Dourmap
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Solène Roque
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Amélie Morin
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Damien Caubrière
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Margaux Kerdiles
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) – UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Kyllian Béguin
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) – UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Romain Perdoux
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Lucile Bourdet
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Audebert
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Julien Le Moullec
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Université de Rennes 1, Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) – UMR 6553, Rennes, France
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Lee D, Lal NK, Lin ZJD, Ma S, Liu J, Castro B, Toruño T, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Coaker G. Regulation of reactive oxygen species during plant immunity through phosphorylation and ubiquitination of RBOHD. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1838. [PMID: 32296066 PMCID: PMC7160206 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for successful activation of immune responses against pathogen infection. The plant NADPH oxidase RBOHD is a primary player in ROS production during innate immunity. However, how RBOHD is negatively regulated remains elusive. Here we show that RBOHD is regulated by C-terminal phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Genetic and biochemical analyses reveal that the PBL13 receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase phosphorylates RBOHD's C-terminus and two phosphorylated residues (S862 and T912) affect RBOHD activity and stability, respectively. Using protein array technology, we identified an E3 ubiquitin ligase PIRE (PBL13 interacting RING domain E3 ligase) that interacts with both PBL13 and RBOHD. Mimicking phosphorylation of RBOHD (T912D) results in enhanced ubiquitination and decreased protein abundance. PIRE and PBL13 mutants display higher RBOHD protein accumulation, increased ROS production, and are more resistant to bacterial infection. Thus, our study reveals an intricate post-translational network that negatively regulates the abundance of a conserved NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- DongHyuk Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Neeraj K Lal
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Zuh-Jyh Daniel Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Shisong Ma
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Bardo Castro
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tania Toruño
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and the Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Gitta Coaker
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Santamaria ME, Arnaiz A, Rosa-Diaz I, González-Melendi P, Romero-Hernandez G, Ojeda-Martinez DA, Garcia A, Contreras E, Martinez M, Diaz I. Plant Defenses Against Tetranychus urticae: Mind the Gaps. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040464. [PMID: 32272602 PMCID: PMC7238223 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular interactions between a pest and its host plant are the consequence of an evolutionary arms race based on the perception of the phytophagous arthropod by the plant and the different strategies adopted by the pest to overcome plant triggered defenses. The complexity and the different levels of these interactions make it difficult to get a wide knowledge of the whole process. Extensive research in model species is an accurate way to progressively move forward in this direction. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch has become a model species for phytophagous mites due to the development of a great number of genetic tools and a high-quality genome sequence. This review is an update of the current state of the art in the molecular interactions between the generalist pest T. urticae and its host plants. The knowledge of the physical and chemical constitutive defenses of the plant and the mechanisms involved in the induction of plant defenses are summarized. The molecular events produced from plant perception to the synthesis of defense compounds are detailed, with a special focus on the key steps that are little or totally uncovered by previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gara Romero-Hernandez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Dairon A. Ojeda-Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Alejandro Garcia
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Estefania Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, UPM, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (M.E.S.); (A.A.); (I.R.-D.); (P.G.-M.); (G.R.-H.); (D.A.O.-M.); (A.G.); (E.C.); (M.M.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-910679180
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Xu Y, Wang R, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yao S. A point mutation in LTT1 enhances cold tolerance at the booting stage in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:992-1007. [PMID: 31922260 PMCID: PMC7154693 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The cold tolerance of rice at the booting stage is a main factor determining sustainability and regional adaptability. However, relatively few cold tolerance genes have been identified that can be effectively used in breeding programmes. Here, we show that a point mutation in the low-temperature tolerance 1 (LTT1) gene improves cold tolerance by maintaining tapetum degradation and pollen development, by activation of systems that metabolize reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cold-induced ROS accumulation is therefore prevented in the anthers of the ltt1 mutants allowing correct development. In contrast, exposure to cold stress dramatically increases ROS accumulation in the wild type anthers, together with the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with programmed cell death and with the accelerated degradation of the tapetum that ultimately leads to pollen abortion. These results demonstrate that appropriate ROS management is critical for the cold tolerance of rice at the booting stage. Hence, the ltt1 mutation can significantly improve the seed setting ability of cold-sensitive rice varieties under low-temperature stress conditions, with little yield penalty under optimal temperature conditions. This study highlights the importance of a valuable genetic resource that may be applied in rice breeding programmes to enhance cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Genome Biology CenterUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruci Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yueming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Genome Biology CenterUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Shanguo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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233
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Li D, Wei J, Peng Z, Ma W, Yang Q, Song Z, Sun W, Yang W, Yuan L, Xu X, Chang W, Rengel Z, Shen J, Reiter RJ, Cui X, Yu D, Chen Q. Daily rhythms of phytomelatonin signaling modulate diurnal stomatal closure via regulating reactive oxygen species dynamics in Arabidopsis. J Pineal Res 2020; 68:e12640. [PMID: 32064655 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-studied neurohormone oscillating in a 24-h cycle in vertebrates. Phytomelatonin is widespread in plant kingdom, but it remains elusive whether this newly characterized putative hormone underlies the regulation by daily rhythms. Here, we report phytomelatonin signaling, as reflected by changes in endogenous concentrations of phytomelatonin and expression of genes associated with biosynthesis of phytomelatonin (AtSNAT1, AtCOMT1, and AtASMT) and its receptor (AtPMTR1), shows 24-h oscillations in Arabidopsis. The variation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and scavenging and expression of ROS-related genes significantly decrease in pmtr1 and snat and increase in PMTR1-OE seedlings, indicating the rhythmicity in phytomelatonin signaling is required for maintenance of ROS dynamics. Additionally, the ROS signaling feedback influences the expression of AtSNAT1, AtCOMT1, AtASMT, and AtPMTR1, suggesting the phytomelatonin and ROS signaling are coordinately interrelated. The pmtr1 mutant plants lose diurnal stomatal closure, with stomata remaining open during daytime as well as nighttime and mutants showing more water loss and drought sensitivity when compared with the wild-type Col-0 plants. Taken together, our results suggest that PMTR1-regulated ROS signaling peaks in the afternoon and may transmit the darkness signals to trigger stomatal closure, which might be essential for high water-use efficiency and drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Wei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongping Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wenna Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Chang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zed Rengel
- Faculty of Science, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jianbo Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Department of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Dashi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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234
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Global Evolutionary Analysis of 11 Gene Families Part of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Gene Network in Four Eucalyptus Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030257. [PMID: 32245199 PMCID: PMC7139577 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus is a worldwide hard-wood species which increasingly focused on. To adapt to various biotic and abiotic stresses, Eucalyptus have evolved complex mechanisms, increasing the cellular concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by numerous ROS controlling enzymes. To better analyse the ROS gene network and discuss the differences between four Eucalyptus species, ROS gene network including 11 proteins families (1CysPrx, 2CysPrx, APx, APx-R, CIII Prx, Diox, GPx, Kat, PrxII, PrxQ and Rboh) were annotated and compared in an expert and exhaustive manner from the genomic data available from E. camaldulensis, E. globulus, E. grandis, and E. gunnii. In addition, a specific sequencing strategy was performed in order to determine if the missed sequences in at least one organism are the results of gain/loss events or only sequencing gaps. We observed that the automatic annotation applied to multigenic families is the source of miss-annotation. Base on the family size, the 11 families can be categorized into duplicated gene families (CIII Prx, Kat, 1CysPrx, and GPx), which contain a lot of gene duplication events and non-duplicated families (APx, APx-R, Rboh, DiOx, 2CysPrx, PrxII, and PrxQ). The gene family sizes are much larger in Eucalyptus than most of other angiosperms due to recent gene duplications, which could give higher adaptability to environmental changes and stresses. The cross-species comparative analysis shows gene gain and loss events during the evolutionary process. The 11 families possess different expression patterns, while in the Eucalyptus genus, the ROS families present similar expression patterns. Overall, the comparative analysis might be a good criterion to evaluate the adaptation of different species with different characters, but only if data mining is as exhaustive as possible. It is also a good indicator to explore the evolutionary process.
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235
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Dubois M, Inzé D. Plant growth under suboptimal water conditions: early responses and methods to study them. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1706-1722. [PMID: 31967643 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress forms a major environmental constraint during the life cycle of plants, often decreasing plant yield and in extreme cases threatening survival. The molecular and physiological responses induced by drought have been the topic of extensive research during the past decades. Because soil-based approaches to studying drought responses are often challenging due to low throughput and insufficient control of the conditions, osmotic stress assays in plates were developed to mimic drought. Addition of compounds such as polyethylene glycol, mannitol, sorbitol, or NaCl to controlled growth media has become increasingly popular since it offers the advantage of accurate control of stress level and onset. These osmotic stress assays enabled the discovery of very early stress responses, occurring within seconds or minutes following osmotic stress exposure. In this review, we construct a detailed timeline of early responses to osmotic stress, with a focus on how they initiate plant growth arrest. We further discuss the specific responses triggered by different types and severities of osmotic stress. Finally, we compare short-term plant responses under osmotic stress versus in-soil drought and discuss the advantages, disadvantages, and future of these plate-based proxies for drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Dubois
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirk Inzé
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
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236
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Arruebarrena Di Palma A, Di Fino LM, Salvatore SR, D'Ambrosio JM, García-Mata C, Schopfer FJ, Laxalt AM. Nitro-oleic acid triggers ROS production via NADPH oxidase activation in plants: A pharmacological approach. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 246-247:153128. [PMID: 32065921 PMCID: PMC7153499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are important signaling molecules in mammals. NO2-FAs are formed by the addition reaction of nitric oxide- and nitrite-derived nitrogen dioxide with unsaturated fatty acid double bonds. The study of NO2-FAs in plant systems constitutes an interesting and emerging area. The presence of NO2-FA has been reported in olives, peas, rice and Arabidopsis. To gain a better understanding of the role of NO2-FA on plant physiology, we analyzed the effects of exogenous application of nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). In tomato cell suspensions we found that NO2-OA induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose-dependent manner via activation of NADPH oxidases, a mechanism that requires calcium entry from the extracellular compartment and protein kinase activation. In tomato and Arabidopsis leaves, NO2-OA treatments induced two waves of ROS production, resembling plant defense responses. Arabidopsis NADPH oxidase mutants showed that NADPH isoform D (RBOHD) was required for NO2-OA-induced ROS production. In addition, on Arabidopsis isolated epidermis, NO2-OA induced stomatal closure via RBOHD and F. Altogether, these results indicate that NO2-OA triggers NADPH oxidase activation revealing a new signaling role in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Arruebarrena Di Palma
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Luciano M Di Fino
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Sonia R Salvatore
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juan Martín D'Ambrosio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Xi Y, Han X, Zhang Z, Joshi J, Borza T, Mohammad Aqa M, Zhang B, Yuan H, Wang-Pruski G. Exogenous phosphite application alleviates the adverse effects of heat stress and improves thermotolerance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110048. [PMID: 31837570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphite (Phi), an analog of phosphate (Pi) anion, is emerging as a potential biostimulator, fungicide and insecticide. Here, we reported that Phi also significantly enhanced thermotolerance in potatoes under heat stress. Potato plants with and without Phi pretreatment were exposed to heat stress and their heat tolerance was examined by assessing the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigment content, photosystem II (PS II) efficiency, levels of oxidative stress, and level of DNA damage. In addition, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) was adopted to investigate the roles of Phi signals and the underlying heat resistance mechanism. RNA-Seq revealed that Phi orchestrated plant immune responses against heat stress by reprograming global gene expressions. Results from physiological data combined with RNA-Seq suggested that the supply of Phi not only was essential for the better plant performance, but also improved thermotolerance of the plants by alleviating oxidative stress and DNA damage, and improved biosynthesis of osmolytes and defense metabolites when exposed to unfavorable thermal conditions. This is the first study to explore the role of Phi in thermotolerance in plants, and the work can be applied to other crops under the challenging environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Xi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyun Han
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jyoti Joshi
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tudor Borza
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Mohammadi Mohammad Aqa
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Huimin Yuan
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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238
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Hou L, Fan X, Hao J, Liu G, Zhang Z, Liu X. Negative regulation by transcription factor VvWRKY13 in drought stress of Vitis vinifera L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:114-121. [PMID: 31954281 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental factor limiting crop growth and development worldwide. WRKY transcription factor, a unique transcription factor in plants, has been shown to play important roles in plant response to abiotic stress. Previously, we have cloned the VvWRKY13 gene from resistant grape varieties and found that its expression was obviously induced by drought. Here we further explored the mechanism of VvWRKY13 in response to drought stress. After drought treatment, the expression of VvWRKY13 in the sensitive grape varieties was significantly higher than resistant grape varieties. Moreover, phenotypic changes of VvWRKY13 transgenic Arabidopsis were observed and drought-related indexes were detected under drought treatment. The results showed that VvWRKY13 transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited more sensitive phenotype to drought stress compared with wild type. The water loss rate of leaves in the transgenic Arabidopsis was significantly higher than wild type. The content of proline, soluble sugar and the expression of related genes decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis leaves under drought stress. The level of endogenous hydrogen peroxide and oxygen free radicals was increased, while the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) were decreased. In addition, the expression of stress response gene was significantly decreased in transgenic Arabidopsis. Taken together, our results suggest that VvWRKY13 negatively modulates plant drought tolerance through regulating the metabolism of intracellular osmotic substances (proline, soluble sugar), the level of ROS, and the expression of stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Hou
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Hao
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Guangchao Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Lab of Plant Biotechnology in University of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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239
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Li QY, Li P, Myint Phyu Sin Htwe N, Shangguan KK, Liang Y. Antepenultimate residue at the C-terminus of NADPH oxidase RBOHD is critical for its function in the production of reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020; 20:713-727. [PMID: 31379142 PMCID: PMC6700349 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1900105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a conserved immune response primarily mediated by NADPH oxidases (NOXs), also known in plants as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs). Most microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) trigger a very fast and transient ROS burst in plants. However, recently, we found that lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a typical bacterial MAMP, triggered a biphasic ROS burst. In this study, we isolated mutants defective in LPS-triggered biphasic ROS burst (delt) in Arabidopsis, and cloned the DELT1 gene that was shown to encode RBOHD. In the delt1-2 allele, the antepenultimate residue, glutamic acid (E919), at the C-terminus of RBOHD was mutated to lysine (K). E919 is a highly conserved residue in NADPH oxidases, and a mutation of the corresponding residue E568 in human NOX2 has been reported to be one of the causes of chronic granulomatous disease. Consistently, we found that residue E919 was indispensable for RBOHD function in the MAMP-induced ROS burst and stomatal closure. It has been suggested that the mutation of this residue in other NADPH oxidases impairs the protein's stability and complex assembly. However, we found that the E919K mutation did not affect RBOHD protein abundance or the ability of protein association, suggesting that the residue E919 in RBOHD might have a regulatory mechanism different from that of other NOXs. Taken together, our results confirm that the antepenultimate residue E is critical for NADPH oxidases and provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanisms of RBOHD.
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240
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An Arabidopsis Mutant Over-Expressing Subtilase SBT4.13 Uncovers the Role of Oxidative Stress in the Inhibition of Growth by Intracellular Acidification. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031173. [PMID: 32050714 PMCID: PMC7037345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular acid stress inhibits plant growth by unknown mechanisms and it occurs in acidic soils and as consequence of other stresses. In order to identify mechanisms of acid toxicity, we screened activation-tagging lines of Arabidopsis thaliana for tolerance to intracellular acidification induced by organic acids. A dominant mutant, sbt4.13-1D, was isolated twice and shown to over-express subtilase SBT4.13, a protease secreted into endoplasmic reticulum. Activity measurements and immuno-detection indicate that the mutant contains less plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PMA) than wild type, explaining the small size, electrical depolarization and decreased cytosolic pH of the mutant but not organic acid tolerance. Addition of acetic acid to wild-type plantlets induces production of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) measured by dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Acid-induced ROS production is greatly decreased in sbt4.13-1D and atrboh-D,F mutants. The latter is deficient in two major NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and is tolerant to organic acids. These results suggest that intracellular acidification activates NOXs and the resulting oxidative stress is important for inhibition of growth. The inhibition of acid-activated NOXs in the sbt4.13-1D mutant compensates inhibition of PMA to increase acid tolerance.
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241
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Chen P, Jung NU, Giarola V, Bartels D. The Dynamic Responses of Cell Walls in Resurrection Plants During Dehydration and Rehydration. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1698. [PMID: 32038677 PMCID: PMC6985587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls define the shape of the cells and provide mechanical support. They function as osmoregulators by controlling the transport of molecules between cells and provide transport pathways within the plant. These diverse functions require a well-defined and flexible organization of cell wall components, i.e., water, polysaccharides, proteins, and other diverse substances. Cell walls of desiccation tolerant resurrection plants withstand extreme mechanical stress during complete dehydration and rehydration. Adaptation to the changing water status of the plant plays a crucial role during this process. This review summarizes the compositional and structural variations, signal transduction and changes of gene expression which occur in cell walls of resurrection plants during dehydration and rehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dorothea Bartels
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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242
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Zhang G, Yue C, Lu T, Sun L, Hao F. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of NADPH oxidase genes in response to ABA and abiotic stresses, and in fibre formation in Gossypium. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8404. [PMID: 31988810 PMCID: PMC6970565 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, also named respiratory burst oxidase homologues (Rbohs), play pivotal roles in many aspects of growth and development, as well as in responses to hormone signalings and various biotic and abiotic stresses. Although Rbohs family members have been identified in several plants, little is known about Rbohs in Gossypium. In this report, we characterized 13, 13, 26 and 19 Rbohs in G. arboretum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. These Rbohs were conservative in physical properties, structures of genes and motifs. The expansion and evolution of the Rbohs dominantly depended on segmental duplication, and were under the purifying selection. Transcription analyses showed that GhRbohs were expressed in various tissues, and most GhRbohs were highly expressed in flowers. Moreover, different GhRbohs had very diverse expression patterns in response to ABA, high salinity, osmotic stress and heat stress. Some GhRbohs were preferentially and specifically expressed during ovule growth and fiber formation. These results suggest that GhRbohs may serve highly differential roles in mediating ABA signaling, in acclimation to environmental stimuli, and in fiber growth and development. Our findings are valuable for further elucidating the functions and regulation mechanisms of the Rbohs in adaptation to diverse stresses, and in growth and development in Gossypium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Caimeng Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Tingting Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lirong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Fushun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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243
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Sharma L, Priya M, Kaushal N, Bhandhari K, Chaudhary S, Dhankher OP, Prasad PVV, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H. Plant growth-regulating molecules as thermoprotectants: functional relevance and prospects for improving heat tolerance in food crops. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:569-594. [PMID: 31328236 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Among various abiotic stresses, heat stress is one of the most damaging, threatening plant productivity and survival all over the world. Warmer temperatures due to climatic anomalies above optimum growing temperatures have detrimental impacts on crop yield potential as well as plant distribution patterns. Heat stress affects overall plant metabolism in terms of physiology, biochemistry, and gene expression. Membrane damage, protein degradation, enzyme inactivation, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species are some of the harmful effects of heat stress that cause injury to various cellular compartments. Although plants are equipped with various defense strategies to counteract these adversities, their defensive means are not sufficient to defend against the ever-rising temperatures. Hence, substantial yield losses have been observed in all crop species under heat stress. Here, we describe the involvement of various plant growth-regulators (PGRs) (hormones, polyamines, osmoprotectants, antioxidants, and other signaling molecules) in thermotolerance, through diverse cellular mechanisms that protect cells under heat stress. Several studies involving the exogenous application of PGRs to heat-stressed plants have demonstrated their role in imparting tolerance, suggesting the strong potential of these molecules in improving the performance of food crops grown under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manu Priya
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neeru Kaushal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - P V Vara Prasad
- Sustainable Intensification Innovation Lab, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Harsh Nayyar
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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244
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Alova A, Erofeev A, Gorelkin P, Bibikova T, Korchev Y, Majouga A, Bulychev A. Prolonged oxygen depletion in microwounded cells of Chara corallina detected with novel oxygen nanosensors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:386-398. [PMID: 31563950 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary physicochemical steps in microwounding of plants were investigated using electrochemical nano- and microprobes, with a focus on the role of oxygen in the wounding responses of individual plant cells. Electrochemical measurements of cell oxygen content were made with carbon-filled quartz micropipettes with platinum-coated tips (oxygen nanosensors). These novel platinum nanoelectrodes are useful for understanding cell oxygen metabolism and can be employed to study the redox biochemistry and biology of cells, tissues and organisms. We show here that microinjury of Chara corallina internodal cells with the tip of a glass micropipette is associated with a drastic decrease in oxygen concentration at the vicinity of the stimulation site. This decrease is reversible and lasts for up to 40 minutes. Membrane stretching, calcium influx, and cytoskeleton rearrangements were found to be essential for the localized oxygen depletion induced by cell wall microwounding. Inhibition of electron transport in chloroplasts or mitochondria did not affect the magnitude or timing of the observed response. In contrast, the inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity caused a significant reduction in the amplitude of the decrease in oxygen concentration. We suggest that the observed creation of localized anoxic conditions in response to cell wall puncture might be mediated by NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Erofeev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
- National University of Science and Technology 'MISIS', Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Petr Gorelkin
- Medical Nanotechnology LLC, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana Bibikova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Korchev
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, UK
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Alexander Majouga
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Bulychev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, Moscow, Russian Federation
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245
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Li N, Euring D, Cha JY, Lin Z, Lu M, Huang LJ, Kim WY. Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:627969. [PMID: 33643337 PMCID: PMC7905216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.627969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Dejuan Euring
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joon Yung Cha
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Zeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Li-Jun Huang, ; 0000-0001-8072-5180
| | - Woe Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21PLUS), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
- Woe Yeon Kim,
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246
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Postiglione AE, Muday GK. The Role of ROS Homeostasis in ABA-Induced Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:968. [PMID: 32695131 PMCID: PMC7338657 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hormonal and environmental regulation of stomatal aperture is mediated by a complex signaling pathway found within the guard cells that surround stomata. Abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure in response to drought stress by binding to its guard cell localized receptor, initiating a signaling cascade that includes synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Genetic evidence in Arabidopsis indicates that ROS produced by plasma membrane respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) enzymes RBOHD and RBOHF modulate guard cell signaling and stomatal closure. However, ABA-induced ROS accumulates in many locations such as the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, nucleus, and endomembranes, some of which do not coincide with plasma membrane localized RBOHs. ABA-induced guard cell ROS accumulation has distinct spatial and temporal patterns that drive stomatal closure. Productive ROS signaling requires both rapid increases in ROS, as well as the ability of cells to prevent ROS from reaching damaging levels through synthesis of antioxidants, including flavonols. The relationship between locations of ROS accumulation and ABA signaling and the role of enzymatic and small molecule ROS scavengers in maintaining ROS homeostasis in guard cells are summarized in this review. Understanding the mechanisms of ROS production and homeostasis and the role of ROS in guard cell signaling can provide a better understanding of plant response to stress and could provide an avenue for the development of crop plants with increased stress tolerance.
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247
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Dumanović J, Nepovimova E, Natić M, Kuča K, Jaćević V. The Significance of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense System in Plants: A Concise Overview. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:552969. [PMID: 33488637 PMCID: PMC7815643 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.552969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In plants, there is a complex and multilevel network of the antioxidative system (AOS) operating to counteract harmful reactive species (RS), the foremost important of which are reactive oxygen species (ROS), and maintain homeostasis within the cell. Specific AOSs for plant cells are, first and foremost, enzymes of the glutathione-ascorbate cycle (Asc-GSH), followed by phenolic compounds and lipophilic antioxidants like carotenoids and tocopherols. Evidence that plant cells have excellent antioxidative defense systems is their ability to survive at H2O2 concentrations incompatible with animal cell life. For the survival of stressed plants, it is of particular importance that AOS cooperate and participate in redox reactions, therefore, providing better protection and regeneration of the active reduced forms. Considering that plants abound in antioxidant compounds, and humans are not predisposed to synthesize the majority of them, new fields of research have emerged. Antioxidant potential of plant compounds has been exploited for anti-aging formulations preparation, food fortification and preservation but also in designing new therapies for diseases with oxidative stress implicated in etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Dumanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Maja Natić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kamil Kuča
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Kamil Kuča, ;
| | - Vesna Jaćević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- Department for Experimental Toxicology and Pharmacology, National Poison Control Centre, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
- Vesna Jaćević,
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248
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Zhou X, Xiang Y, Li C, Yu G. Modulatory Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Root Development in Model Plant of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:485932. [PMID: 33042167 PMCID: PMC7525048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.485932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of oxygen monoelectronic reduction product, have a higher chemical activity than O2. Although ROS pose potential risks to all organisms via inducing oxidative stress, indispensable role of ROS in individual development cannot be ignored. Among them, the role of ROS in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is deeply studied. Mounting evidence suggests that ROS are essential for root and root hair development. In the present review, we provide an updated perspective on the latest research progress pertaining to the role of ROS in the precise regulation of root stem cell maintenance and differentiation, redox regulation of the cell cycle, and root hair initiation during root growth. Among the different types of ROS, O2 •- and H2O2 have been extensively investigated, and they exhibit different gradient distributions in the roots. The concentration of O2 •- decreases along a gradient from the meristem to the transition zone and the concentration of H2O2 decreases along a gradient from the differentiation zone to the elongation zone. These gradients are regulated by peroxidases, which are modulated by the UPBEAT1 (UPB1) transcription factor. In addition, multiple transcriptional factors, such as APP1, ABO8, PHB3, and RITF1, which are involved in the brassinolide signaling pathway, converge as a ROS signal to regulate root stem cell maintenance. Furthermore, superoxide anions (O2 •-) are generated from the oxidation in mitochondria, ROS produced during plasmid metabolism, H2O2 produced in apoplasts, and catalysis of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) in the cell membrane. Furthermore, ROS can act as a signal to regulate redox status, which regulates the expression of the cell-cycle components CYC2;3, CYCB1;1, and retinoblastoma-related protein, thereby controlling the cell-cycle progression. In the root maturation zone, the epidermal cells located in the H cell position emerge to form hair cells, and plant hormones, such as auxin and ethylene regulate root hair formation via ROS. Furthermore, ROS accumulation can influence hormone signal transduction and vice versa. Data about the association between nutrient stress and ROS signals in root hair development are scarce. However, the fact that ROBHC/RHD2 or RHD6 is specifically expressed in root hair cells and induced by nutrients, may explain the relationship. Future studies should focus on the regulatory mechanisms underlying root hair development via the interactions of ROS with hormone signals and nutrient components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guanghui Yu
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-1878
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249
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Shen J, Diao W, Zhang L, Acharya BR, Wang M, Zhao X, Chen D, Zhang W. Secreted Peptide PIP1 Induces Stomatal Closure by Activation of Guard Cell Anion Channels in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1029. [PMID: 32733520 PMCID: PMC7360795 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant stomata which consist of a pair of guard cells, are not only finely controlled to balance water loss as transpiration and CO2 absorption for photosynthesis, but also serve as the major sites to defend against pathogen attack, thus allowing plants to respond appropriately to abiotic and biotic stress conditions. The regulatory signaling network for stomatal movement is complex in nature, and plant peptides have been shown to be involved in signaling processes. Arabidopsis secreted peptide PIP1 was previously identified as an endogenous elicitor, which induced immune response through its receptor, RLK7. PIP1-RLK7 can activate stomatal immunity against the bacterial strain Pst DC3118. However, the molecular mechanism of PIP1 in stomatal regulation is still unclear and additional new factors need to be discovered. In this study, we further clarified that PIP1 could function as an important regulator in the induction of stomatal closure. The results showed that PIP1 could promote stomata to close in a certain range of concentrations and response time. In addition, we uncovered that PIP1-RLK7 signaling regulated stomatal response by activating S-type anion channel SLAC1. PIP1-induced stomatal closure was impaired in bak1, mpk3, and mpk6 mutants, indicating that BAK1 and MPK3/MPK6 were required for PIP1-regulated stomatal movement. Our research further deciphered that OST1 which acts as an essential ABA-signaling component, also played a role in PIP1-induced stomatal closure. In addition, ROS participated in PIP1-induced stomatal closure and PIP1 could activate Ca2+ permeable channels. In conclusion, we reveal the role of peptide PIP1 in triggering stomatal closure and the possible mechanism of PIP1 in the regulation of stomatal apertures. Our findings improve the understanding of the role of PIP1 in stomatal regulation and immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenzhu Diao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Linfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Biswa R. Acharya
- College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Donghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Donghua Chen, ; Wei Zhang,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Donghua Chen, ; Wei Zhang,
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Qi W, Wang F, Ma L, Qi Z, Liu S, Chen C, Wu J, Wang P, Yang C, Wu Y, Sun W. Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms and Cytology of Cold Tolerance in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1241. [PMID: 32903421 PMCID: PMC7434931 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cold damage has negatively impacted the yield, growth and quality of the edible cooking oil in Northern China and Brassica napus L.(rapeseed) planting areas decreased because of cold damage. In the present study we analyzed two Brassica napus cultivars of 16NTS309 (highly resistant to cold damage) and Tianyou2238 (cold sensitive) from Gansu Province, China using physiological, biochemical and cytological methods to investigate the plant's response to cold stress. The results showed that cold stress caused seedling dehydration, and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), relative electrolyte leakage and O2 - and H2O2 were increased in Tianyou2238 than 16NTS309 under cold stress at 4°C for 48 h, as well as the proline, soluble protein and soluble sugars markedly accumulated, and antioxidant enzymes of peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were higher in 16NTS309 compared with in Tianyou2238, which play key roles in prevention of cell damage. After exposure to cold stress, the accumulation of the blue formazan precipitate and reddish brown precipitate indicated that O2 - and H2O2, respectively, were produced in the root, stem, and leaf were higher than under non-cold conditions. Contents of O2 - and H2O2 in cultivar Tianyou2238 were higher than 16NTS309, this is consistent with the phenotypic result. To understand the specific distribution of O2 - in the sub-cellular, we found that in both cultivars O2 - signals were distributed mainly in cambium tissue, meristematic cells, mesophyll cytoplasm, and surrounding the cell walls of root, stem, leaves, and leaf vein by morphoanatomical analysis, but the quantities varied. Cold stress also triggered obvious ultrastructural alterations in leaf mesophyll of Tianyou2238 including the damage of membrane system, destruction of chloroplast and swelling of mitochondria. This study are useful to provide new insights about the physiological and biochemical mechanisms and cytology associated with the response of B. napus to cold stress for use in breeding cold-resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Qi
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ma
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ze Qi
- College of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Songqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cun Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cairong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wancang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wancang Sun,
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