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Abu Shnaf ASM, Abd El-Aziz SH, Ata AM. Cyto-histopathological and protein polymorphism alterations in five populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as biomonitor for water heavy metal pollution. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:999-1009. [PMID: 34043238 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytological, histopathological and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel analyses were carried out on five populations of common Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) occurring in five sites - River Nile (reference site), Bahr Yusef canal, Ibrahimia canal, Irrigation drain and El Moheet drain of El Minia Province, Egypt - to evaluate the usability of Nile tilapia as a biomonitor for water heavy metal contaminants. Water surface samples were collected from the five sites, and lead (Pb) concentration was shown to surpass the limits defined by WHO. Ni and Cd levels were shown to be elevated in Ibrahimia canal samples. Moreover, the concentration of heavy metals in fish muscles collected from Bahr Yusef canal and El Moheet drain was the highest in comparison with those of the other water sites. Cytological examinations of blood smears showed not only a significant percentage of micronuclei in Irrigation drain population but also a significant percentage of binucleated cells in Ibrahimia canal and El Moheet drain populations. In addition, pathological alteration was observed in blood cells, especially in samples collected from Irrigation drain and El Moheet drain. Histopathological changes were strongly observed in the liver and the kidneys of El Moheet and Irrigation drain population. Moreover, total protein band pattern profiles showed extra bands in both Ibrahimia canal and Irrigation drain more than that recorded for the River Nile population. In conclusion, cyto-histopathological and total protein band pattern results confirmed that O. niloticus responds sensitively to the excess of heavy metals present in the water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwaar S M Abu Shnaf
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shaban H Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Abdeltawab M Ata
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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202
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Rudnicki-Velasquez PB, Boryło A, Kaczor M, Wieczorek J. Bioaccumulation of polonium 210Po in cats’ hair, taking into account potential factors influencing changes in its concentration. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-021-07917-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe main aim of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation of 210Po in the hair of various cat breeds and an attempt to interpret whether the following factors, such as: breed, length of hair, gender, age, place of living or residence, weight, type of food consumed, taking medications, origin taking into account the structural division of Poland into voivodeships and physiological processes such as pregnancy and lactation have a significant influence on the concentration of this radionuclide. The obtained results show that the factors such as breed, length of hair, living of the cat in a given voivodeship and the type of food served influence the degree of 210Po bioaccumulation.
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203
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Hülber T, Kocsis ZS, Németh J, Kis E, d'Errico F, Sáfrány G, Pesznyák C. Influence of sample preparation optimization on the accuracy of dose assessment of an automatic non-fluorescent MN scoring system. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1470-1484. [PMID: 34346832 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1962573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Automatizing the scoring of the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay spares a lot of valuable time. The dose-effect relationship can be applied reliably for dose estimation if the quality of the slides is the same from the perspective of the used image processing algorithm. This aspect brings in additional requirements against the quality of the slides compared to the conventional visual scoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS An add-in software was created to the non-fluorescent RS-MN automatic MN scoring system which is capable of measuring quantitatively the degree of typical anomalies. The image processing is less reliable when the presence of these anomalies is more frequent. The behavior of the designed sample quality parameters (SQPs) was tested on in vitro irradiated peripheral blood samples (0, 1, and 2 Gy) obtained from a healthy donor and also on samples from patients undergoing low dose-rate brachytherapy. RESULTS We examined 20 different SQPs and identified two that are independent and correlate significantly with the error of the fully automatic MN frequency. One is related to the size of the cells and the other reflects the homogeneity of the environment. An equation was established which presents a connection between the error of the auto MN frequency and the SQPs. By adding a fourth cleaning step to the conventional sample preparation and changing the pre-dripping temperature of the slide, the SQP can be modified, and consequently, the sample quality can be improved. The gain in accuracy is 54 ± 10 MN per 1000 binucleated cells, which corresponds to the effects of 0.5 Gy. Around the lowest limit of detection (<0.5 Gy), it means a 50-100% drop in the error of dose, which is significant. With sample quality harmonization, the positive predictive value was raised to 80-93% depending on the dose. CONCLUSIONS With the technique described in this paper, the suitability for automated scoring of a micronucleus slide can be tested quantitatively and objectively. A method is presented with which in some cases the uncertainty of the assessed doses due to variance in sample quality can be decreased or if it is not possible its bias can be predicted. The proposed protocol leads to more reliable estimation of dose. The SQPs are designed in a way that they have the potential to be adapted to similar systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Hülber
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Radosys Ltd., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa S Kocsis
- Department of Radiobiology and Diagnostic Onco-Cytogenetics, Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Enikõ Kis
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesco d'Errico
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Géza Sáfrány
- Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pesznyák
- Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary.,Centre of Radiotherapy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
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204
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Jang JH, Seo CS, Ha H, Han SC, Lee MY, Shin HK. Genotoxicity of Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (Aristolochiaceae) ethanolic extract in vitro and in vivo. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114122. [PMID: 33964359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional herbal medicines have diverse efficacy and are increasingly used worldwide. However, some of these herbal medicines have toxicities or side effects, but the scientific understanding of traditional herbal medicine toxicity has not yet been established. Asiasari Radix et Rhizoma (ARE) is known as a herbal medicine used to relieve pain, and recent studies have shown that ARE has anticancer and antimelanogenesis efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY Current study was conducted to assess the potential genotoxicity of an ethanolic extract of ARE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The genotoxixity of ARE was confirmed by the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), a mammalian chromosomal aberration test, and a micronucleus test in vivo using ICR mice and comet assay using Sprague-Dawley rats. RESULTS ARE showed no genotoxicity in a micronucleus test up to 2000 mg/kg body weight in vivo. By contrast, the chromosomal aberration test showed that ARE induced an increase in the number of chromosomal aberrations after treatment for 6 h with a metabolic activation system and for 6 and 22 h without the metabolic activation system when compared with vehicle control. In the Ames test, all strains except TA1535, with or without a metabolic activation system, showed an increase in the number of revertant mutant colonies in the ARE-treated group. In comet assay, DNA damage was observed in the stomach when ARE was administered. CONCLUSION ARE potentially shows genotoxicity by inducing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Jang
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seob Seo
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyekyung Ha
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Cheol Han
- Division of Nonclinical Studies, Korea Institute of Toxicology, P.O. Box 123, 19 Sinseongro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Young Lee
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeun-Kyoo Shin
- Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Expo-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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205
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Mrdjanović J, Šolajić S, Srđenović-Čonić B, Bogdanović V, Dea KJ, Kladar N, Jurišić V. The Oxidative Stress Parameters as Useful Tools in Evaluating the DNA Damage and Changes in the Complete Blood Count in Hospital Workers Exposed to Low Doses of Antineoplastic Drugs and Ionizing Radiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18168445. [PMID: 34444191 PMCID: PMC8394042 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hospital workers at the Oncology Department are occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs (ANTNP) or low doses of ionizing radiation (Irrad). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of DNA damage, the oxidative stress parameters and complete blood count (CBC) of hospital workers in order to analyze the negative health effects of ANTNP and low dose Irrad. The frequency of micronuclei (MN) and proliferation index (PI) were analyzed by cytokinesis-block test. The oxidative stress biomarkers evaluated were the level of lipid peroxidation in plasma and catalase activity (CAT) in erythrocytes. A group of 86 hospital workers (35 exposed to ANTPN and 51 to Irrad) had increased MN frequency, CAT activity and level of lipid peroxidation compared to the control group, which consisted of 24 volunteers. The hemoglobin level was lower in the ANTNP group compared to thecontrol group, while a significant difference in RBC was recorded between thecontrol and Irrad groups, and in platelet count betweentheIrrad and ANTNP group. The results showed increased DNA damage, oxidative stress parameters, as well as impairment on complete blood count in hospital workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and low-dose ionizing radiation. As this research has shown the importance of oxidative stress, we suggest that in addition to routine methods in periodic medical evaluation, the possibility of applying oxidative stress parameters is considered. Moreover, hospital workers exposed to ANTNP and Irrad in the workplace should undergo not only a more complete health prevention procedure but also have a more appropriate health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Mrdjanović
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Slavica Šolajić
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Branislava Srđenović-Čonić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
| | - Višnja Bogdanović
- Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia; (J.M.); (S.Š.); (V.B.)
| | - Karaba-Jakovljević Dea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (B.S.-Č.); (N.K.)
| | - Vladimir Jurišić
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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206
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Suitability of the In Vitro Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Test for Genotoxicity Assessment of TiO 2 Nanoparticles on SH-SY5Y Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168558. [PMID: 34445265 PMCID: PMC8395234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Standard toxicity tests might not be fully adequate for evaluating nanomaterials since their unique features are also responsible for unexpected interactions. The in vitro cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test is recommended for genotoxicity testing, but cytochalasin-B (Cyt-B) may interfere with nanoparticles (NP), leading to inaccurate results. Our objective was to determine whether Cyt-B could interfere with MN induction by TiO2 NP in human SH-SY5Y cells, as assessed by CBMN test. Cells were treated for 6 or 24 h, according to three treatment options: co-treatment with Cyt-B, post-treatment, and delayed co-treatment. Influence of Cyt-B on TiO2 NP cellular uptake and MN induction as evaluated by flow cytometry (FCMN) were also assessed. TiO2 NP were significantly internalized by cells, both in the absence and presence of Cyt-B, indicating that this chemical does not interfere with NP uptake. Dose-dependent increases in MN rates were observed in CBMN test after co-treatment. However, FCMN assay only showed a positive response when Cyt-B was added simultaneously with TiO2 NP, suggesting that Cyt-B might alter CBMN assay results. No differences were observed in the comparisons between the treatment options assessed, suggesting they are not adequate alternatives to avoid Cyt-B interference in the specific conditions tested.
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207
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Kocaman AY, Asfuroğlu K. The genotoxic effects of perchloroethylene in human peripheral blood lymphocytes and the possible ameliorative role of α-tocopherol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:39576-39586. [PMID: 33763835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perchloroethylene (PCE), also known as tetrachloroethylene, is a commercially important chlorinated solvent commonly used in dry cleaning, textile processing, and metal degreasing industries. According to the available studies, the potential genotoxic impacts of this chlorinated solvent on human beings are still controversial. The present work was carried out to determine the genotoxic effects of PCE on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) using chromosome aberrations (CAs) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) tests. Additionally, the antigenotoxic potential of α-tocopherol (α-Toc), a well-known antioxidant agent, on human lymphocytes treated with PCE in vitro was assessed. The cells were exposed for 48 h to PCE (25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL) alone as well as in combination with α-Toc (100 μg/mL). The findings of the study suggested that, relative to solvent control, PCE significantly increased the structural CA and MN formation for all concentrations. However, simultaneous treatment of PCE and α-Toc caused a significant reduction of CAs and MNi as compared to cultures treated with PCE alone. Besides, the results showed that PCE has cytotoxic effects on human PBLs as indicated by the significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) and nuclear division index (NDI). Nevertheless, the co-treatment of α-Toc with PCE did not reduce the cytotoxicity of PCE at a significant level. In conclusion, it can be suggested that PCE is genotoxic and cytotoxic in human PBLs, and α-Toc has an antigenotoxic effect on PCE-induced genotoxicity but has no significant effect on the cytotoxicity triggered by PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Yavuz Kocaman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31000, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Kübra Asfuroğlu
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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208
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Cobanoglu H, Cayir A. Assessment of the genotoxic potential of tetrachlorvinphos insecticide by cytokinesis-block micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange assays. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S158-S163. [PMID: 34334017 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211036126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tetrachlorvinphos is an organophosphate that is classified as a carcinogen in humans by several authorities. Due to very limited data regarding the genotoxic potential, we aimed to comprehensively investigate in vitro genotoxic potential of tetrachlorvinphos. We performed our study by applying the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assays to human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We evaluated micronucleus (MN) and SCE frequencies and cytokinesis-block proliferation index in both exposed and non-exposed lymphocytes. We also calculated the chromosomal instability level in response to exposure by combining the results of MN and SCE. We found that MN frequency did not increase with exposure to tetrachlorvinphos (0-50 µg/ml). In contrast, we observed that SCE frequencies significantly increased with exposure to ≥5 µg/ml tetrachlorvinphos. Furthermore, exposure to tetrachlorvinphos at concentrations of 50 µg/ml induced a significant increase in chromosomal instability level (p < 0.05). Cytokinesis-block proliferation index level did not significantly decrease in response to tetrachlorvinphos exposure. Our findings reveal that tetrachlorvinphos resulted in different DNA damages that were measured by two assays. Furthermore, our findings suggested that exposure to tetrachlorvinphos increased chromosomal instability that is a hallmark of many malignancies. We conclude that although tetrachlorvinphos does not significantly increase the MN level, the significant increase of both SCE and CIN frequencies indicates the genotoxic potential of tetrachlorvinphos in human peripheral lymphocytes. Additionally, tetrachlorvinphos is not cytotoxic in the range of tested concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Cobanoglu
- Health Services Vocational College, 52950Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Akin Cayir
- Health Services Vocational College, 52950Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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209
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Seyedi F, Torabizadeh SA, Naeimi A. Radioprotective effect of a novel and green bio-nanohybrid, chitosan/silver/cobalt complex, based on Ferulago angulate plant. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1567-1575. [PMID: 34309897 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A novel bio-nanocomposite was developed by incorporating the extracted nanochitosan from shrimp wastes with Schiff base cobalt complex (Chit-Co complex). The phytosynthesis of Chit-Co complex/Ag bio-nanocomposite was designed utilizing Chit-Co complex at the presence of Ferulago angulate extraction and characterized by AFM, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The radioprotective application of this bio-nanocomposite on human lymphocyte cells was evaluated using micronucleus (MN) assay. Total antioxidant activities of it were evaluated using FRAP and DPPH assays. Chit-Co complex/Ag bio-nanocomposite significantly decreased the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed to ionization irradiation (IR). The highest protection was observed at 200 μg/ml. Also, maximum antioxidant activities of bio-nanocomposite were provided at the same dose. These data exhibit the radioprotective effect of a bio-nanocomposite based on wastes of living organisms can be an excellent radioprotective agent, which can protect the normal cells of human against the genetic damage by IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Seyedi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical, Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Atena Naeimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
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210
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Masfria M, Marianne M, Permata YM, Octavio S, Mulyani S. Antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves in mice using micronucleus assay. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:232-235. [PMID: 34345600 PMCID: PMC8300332 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_380_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Cancer may occur due to gene mutation. Rhaphidophora pinnata is a plant that has many benefits, especially in the leaves which have been used traditionally to treat cancer. The aim of this research is to test the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles R. pinnata using the micronucleus method. The mice were induced with cyclophosphamide and then followed with the administration of nanoparticles of R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for 7 days. The antimutagenic activity was evaluated at the decrease in the number of micronucleus in 200 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) cells of mice bone marrow. The result showed that the reduction of amount of micronucleus in PCE of a negative control group, treatment groups, and normal group is 22.65%, 60.3%, 79.6%, 93.8%, and 100%. These results indicate that the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticle of R. pinnata increases proportionally as the doses were increased. It can be concluded that nanoparticles R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg have antimutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masfria Masfria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Department of Nanomedicine Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Marianne Marianne
- Department of Nanomedicine Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Yade Metri Permata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Steven Octavio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mulyani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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211
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Inter-laboratory automation of the in vitro micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3101-3115. [PMID: 34245348 PMCID: PMC8380241 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus assay is a globally significant method for DNA damage quantification used for regulatory compound safety testing in addition to inter-individual monitoring of environmental, lifestyle and occupational factors. However, it relies on time-consuming and user-subjective manual scoring. Here we show that imaging flow cytometry and deep learning image classification represents a capable platform for automated, inter-laboratory operation. Images were captured for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay across three laboratories using methyl methanesulphonate (1.25-5.0 μg/mL) and/or carbendazim (0.8-1.6 μg/mL) exposures to TK6 cells. Human-scored image sets were assembled and used to train and test the classification abilities of the "DeepFlow" neural network in both intra- and inter-laboratory contexts. Harnessing image diversity across laboratories yielded a network able to score unseen data from an entirely new laboratory without any user configuration. Image classification accuracies of 98%, 95%, 82% and 85% were achieved for 'mononucleates', 'binucleates', 'mononucleates with MN' and 'binucleates with MN', respectively. Successful classifications of 'trinucleates' (90%) and 'tetranucleates' (88%) in addition to 'other or unscorable' phenotypes (96%) were also achieved. Attempts to classify extremely rare, tri- and tetranucleated cells with micronuclei into their own categories were less successful (≤ 57%). Benchmark dose analyses of human or automatically scored micronucleus frequency data yielded quantitation of the same equipotent concentration regardless of scoring method. We conclude that this automated approach offers significant potential to broaden the practical utility of the CBMN method across industry, research and clinical domains. We share our strategy using openly-accessible frameworks.
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212
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DNA Methylation-An Epigenetic Mark in Mutagen-Treated Brachypodium distachyon Cells. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071408. [PMID: 34371611 PMCID: PMC8309452 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The chromatin structure is significantly influenced by some epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation. The nuclear organization plays an essential role in the cell response to external stresses including mutagens. We present an analysis of the correlation between epigenetic modifications and the instability of the Brachypodium distachyon genome, which are observed as micronuclei, following maleic hydrazide (MH) and nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) treatments. We compared the level of DNA methylation in the control (untreated) and mutagen-treated B. distachyon nuclei. An immunostaining method using specific antibodies against modified DNA anti-5-methylcytosine was used for the evaluation of DNA methylation in a single nucleus and micronucleus. Interestingly, we showed an alteration of DNA methylation in cells after mutagenic treatments. The results indicate that DNA methylation might be involved in the response of the B. distachyon genome to mutagenic treatments. This demonstrates that analyses of the epigenetic modifications should be integrated into current plant genetic toxicology in order to explain the mechanisms of DNA damage and repair in plants.
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213
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Araújo R, Ramalhete L, Paz H, Ladeira C, Calado CRC. A new method to predict genotoxic effects based on serum molecular profile. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119680. [PMID: 33744838 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It is critical to develop new methods to assess genotoxic effects in human biomonitoring since the conventional methods are usually laborious, time-consuming, and expensive. It is aimed to evaluate if the analysis of a drop of serum by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, allow to assess genotoxic effects in occupational exposure to cytostatic drugs in hospital professionals, as obtained by the lymphocyte cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. It was considered peripheral blood from hospital professionals exposed to cytostatic drugs (n = 22) and from a non-exposed group (n = 36). It was observed that workers occupationally exposed presented a higher number of micronuclei (p < 0.05) in lymphocytes, in relation to the non-exposed group. The serum Fourier Transform Infrared spectra from exposed workers presented diverse different peaks (p < 0.01) in relation to the non-exposed group. The hierarchical cluster analysis of serum spectra separated serum samples of the exposed group from the non-exposed group with 61% sensitivity and 88% specificity. A support vector machine model of serum spectra enables to predict exposure with high accuracy (0.91), precision (0.89), sensitivity (0.86), F1 score (0.87) and AUC (0.96). Therefore, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopic analysis of a drop of serum enabled to predict in a rapid and simple mode the genotoxic effects of cytostatic drugs. The method presents therefore potential for high-dimension screening of exposure of genotoxic substances, due to its simplicity and rapid setup mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben Araújo
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Luís Ramalhete
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; CSTL-T - Centro de Sangue e da Transplantação de Lisboa - Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, IP, Alameda das Linhas de Torres, n°117, 1769-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélder Paz
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carina Ladeira
- H&TRC - Health & Technology Research Center, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde (ESTeSL), Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Avenida D. João II, lote 4.69.01, Parque das Nações, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília R C Calado
- ISEL - Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal; CIMOSM, ISEL - Centro de Investigação em Modelação e Optimização de Sistemas Multifuncionais, ISEL, Portugal
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Pavan FA, Samojeden CG, Rutkoski CF, Folador A, Da Fré SP, Müller C, Hartmann PA, Hartmann MT. Morphological, behavioral and genotoxic effects of glyphosate and 2,4-D mixture in tadpoles of two native species of South American amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103637. [PMID: 33753236 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide contamination is an important factor in the global decline of amphibians. The herbicides glyphosate and 2,4-D are the most applied worldwide. These herbicides are often found in surface waters close to agricultural areas. This study aims at evaluating the chronic effects caused by glyphosate + 2,4-D mixture in Boana faber and Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles. The combined solution of the glyphosate and 2,4-D, in 5 different concentrations, was applied for 168 h. Herbicide mixtures did not affect the survival of the exposed tadpoles but growth and swimming activity were altered; besides causing several damages in the mouth and intestine. The erythrocytes showed micronuclei and other nuclear abnormalities. There is an ecological risk in the exposure of tadpoles of B. faber and L. latrans from the mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D. Therefore, the approach used in this study provides important information on how commonly used pesticides can affect non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe André Pavan
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Garcia Samojeden
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Camila Fátima Rutkoski
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Folador
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Pricila Da Fré
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Müller
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Afonso Hartmann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
| | - Marilia Teresinha Hartmann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim Campus, RS-135 - Km 72, nº 200, Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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215
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Blum JL, Ellis M, Chen JX, Mendes O, Sylla S, Ojalvo SP, Komorowski J. Toxicologic evaluation of a novel, highly soluble biotin salt, magnesium biotinate. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112267. [PMID: 34000342 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel, highly soluble biotin salt, magnesium biotinate (MgB), was assessed for general and genetic toxicity using several toxicologic tests. This battery of tests included in vitro bacterial reverse mutation test, in vitro mammalian micronucleus assay, and oral acute, 14-day, and 90-day repeat-dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The results of the in vitro studies indicate that MgB is not mutagenic, clastogenic, or aneugenic. The acute oral toxicity study established an LD50 ≥ 5000 mg MgB/kg. In the 14-day oral toxicity study, doses of MgB up to 2500 mg MgB/kg/day produced no clinical signs or mortality. In the 90-day oral toxicity study, administration of 600 mg MgB/kg/day resulted in no clinical signs and was determined to be the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), which equates to 39 g biotin/day for a 70 kg human. Since MgB is composed of 93% biotin, the 600 mg NOAEL equates to approximately 1.3 million times the current recommended daily allowance of 30 μg biotin/day and 3900 times supplement levels of 10 mg biotin/day. Based on the toxicologic profile and lack of findings in various in vitro and in vivo studies, MgB may be considered safe for long-term human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Blum
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Melissa Ellis
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Jayson X Chen
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Odete Mendes
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 US Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, United States
| | - Sarah Sylla
- JDS Therapeutics LLC, Harrison, NY, 10528, United States
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216
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Koedrith P, Rahman MM, Jang YJ, Shin DY, Seo YR. Nanoparticles: Weighing the Pros and Cons from an Eco-genotoxicological Perspective. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:83-97. [PMID: 34258247 PMCID: PMC8249203 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential growth of nanotechnology and the industrial production have raised concerns over its impact on human and environmental health and safety (EHS). Although there has been substantial progress in the assessment of pristine nanoparticle toxicities, their EHS impacts require greater clarification. In this review, we discuss studies that have assessed nanoparticle eco-genotoxicity in different test systems and their fate in the environment as well as the considerable confounding factors that may complicate the results. We highlight key mechanisms of nanoparticle-mediated genotoxicity. Then we discuss the reliability of endpoint assays, such as the comet assay, the most favored assessment technique because of its versatility to measure low levels of DNA strand breakage, and the micronucleus assay, which is complementary to the former because of its greater ability to detect chromosomal DNA fragmentation. We also address the current recommendations on experimental design, including environmentally relevant concentrations and suitable exposure duration to avoid false-positive or -negative results. The genotoxicity of nanoparticles depends on their physicochemical features and the presence of co-pollutants. Thus, the effect of environmental processes (e.g., aggregation and agglomeration, adsorption, and transformation of nanoparticles) would account for when determining the actual genotoxicity relevant to environmental systems, and assay procedures must be standardized. Indeed, the engineered nanoparticles offer potential applications in different fields including biomedicine, environment, agriculture, and industry. Toxicological pathways and the potential risk factors related to genotoxic responses in biological organisms and environments need to be clarified before appropriate and sustainable applications of nanoparticles can be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Koedrith
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Md. Mujibur Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine for Green Chemistry, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Jang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Dong Yeop Shin
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang, Korea
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217
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Seegers JFML, Gül IS, Hofkens S, Brosel S, Schreib G, Brenke J, Donath C, de Vos WM. Toxicological safety evaluation of live Anaerobutyricum soehngenii strain CH106. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 42:244-257. [PMID: 34184753 PMCID: PMC9292162 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gut commensal Anaerobutyricum soehngenii is an anaerobe that can produce both propionate and butyrate, metabolites that have been shown to have a positive effect on gut and overall health. Murine and human dose finding studies have shown that oral intake of A. soehngenii has a positive influence on peripheral insulin resistance, thereby reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. A recent human intervention provided support for the mode of action of A. soehngenii as it affected gene expression in the duodenum, stimulated the secretion of GLP‐1 and improved insulin sensitivity. For these reasons A. soehngenii has been proposed as a food ingredient. Before introducing this bacterium to the food chain, however, it must be established that oral intake of live A. soehngenii bacteria does not pose any health risk. As part of the safety analysis of A. soehngenii strain CH106, we performed genotoxicity assays to determine its mutagenic potential (bacterial reverse mutation and in vitro mammalian cell micronucleus tests) and a 90‐day subchronic toxicity study in rats to determine overall toxicity potential. The results of both genotoxicity studies were negative, showing no genotoxic effects. For the 90‐day subchronic toxicity study, no adverse events were registered that could be attributed to the feeding with A. soehngenii strain CH106. Even at the highest dose, which exceeds the expected daily human intake more than 100‐fold, no adverse events were observed. These result support the conclusion that the use of A. soehngenii strain CH106 as a food ingredient is safe. Based on its health beneficial effects, the commensal bacterium Anaerobutyricum soehngenii strain CH106 is proposed as a food ingredient. As part of a safety assessment, toxic potential was tested through genotoxicity assays and a 90‐day subchronic toxicity study in rats. No genotoxic effects could be detected, while the rat study did not reveal any A. soehngenii‐related adverse events. The observations support the conclusion that the use of A. soehngenii strain CH106 as a food ingredient is safe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonja Brosel
- BSL BIOSERVICE Scientific Laboratories Münich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schreib
- Eurofins Biopharm Product Testing Münich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Jara Brenke
- Eurofins Biopharm Product Testing Münich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Claudia Donath
- Eurofins Biopharm Product Testing Münich, Planegg, Germany
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Caelus Pharmaceuticals BV, Zegveld, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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218
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Llewellyn SV, Conway GE, Zanoni I, Jørgensen AK, Shah UK, Seleci DA, Keller JG, Kim JW, Wohlleben W, Jensen KA, Costa A, Jenkins GJS, Clift MJD, Doak SH. Understanding the impact of more realistic low-dose, prolonged engineered nanomaterial exposure on genotoxicity using 3D models of the human liver. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:193. [PMID: 34183029 PMCID: PMC8240362 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the continued integration of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into everyday applications, it is important to understand their potential for inducing adverse human health effects. However, standard in vitro hazard characterisation approaches suffer limitations for evaluating ENM and so it is imperative to determine these potential hazards under more physiologically relevant and realistic exposure scenarios in target organ systems, to minimise the necessity for in vivo testing. The aim of this study was to determine if acute (24 h) and prolonged (120 h) exposures to five ENMs (TiO2, ZnO, Ag, BaSO4 and CeO2) would have a significantly different toxicological outcome (cytotoxicity, (pro-)inflammatory and genotoxic response) upon 3D human HepG2 liver spheroids. In addition, this study evaluated whether a more realistic, prolonged fractionated and repeated ENM dosing regime induces a significantly different toxicity outcome in liver spheroids as compared to a single, bolus prolonged exposure. RESULTS Whilst it was found that the five ENMs did not impede liver functionality (e.g. albumin and urea production), induce cytotoxicity or an IL-8 (pro-)inflammatory response, all were found to cause significant genotoxicity following acute exposure. Most statistically significant genotoxic responses were not dose-dependent, with the exception of TiO2. Interestingly, the DNA damage effects observed following acute exposures, were not mirrored in the prolonged exposures, where only 0.2-5.0 µg/mL of ZnO ENMs were found to elicit significant (p ≤ 0.05) genotoxicity. When fractionated, repeated exposure regimes were performed with the test ENMs, no significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference was observed when compared to the single, bolus exposure regime. There was < 5.0% cytotoxicity observed across all exposures, and the mean difference in IL-8 cytokine release and genotoxicity between exposure regimes was 3.425 pg/mL and 0.181%, respectively. CONCLUSION In conclusion, whilst there was no difference between a single, bolus or fractionated, repeated ENM prolonged exposure regimes upon the toxicological output of 3D HepG2 liver spheroids, there was a difference between acute and prolonged exposures. This study highlights the importance of evaluating more realistic ENM exposures, thereby providing a future in vitro approach to better support ENM hazard assessment in a routine and easily accessible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Llewellyn
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gillian E Conway
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ilaria Zanoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, CNR-ISTEC-National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Amalie Kofoed Jørgensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ume-Kulsoom Shah
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Didem Ag Seleci
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Johannes G Keller
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Jeong Won Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Material Physics and Analytics, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
- Advanced Materials Research, Department of Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Costa
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, CNR-ISTEC-National Research Council of Italy, Faenza, Italy
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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219
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Silva BO, Orlando JB, Pires CL, Hiruma-Lima CA, de Mascarenhas Gaivão I, Perazzo FF, Maistro EL. Genotoxicity induced by nerol, an essential oil present in citric plants using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and HepG2/C3A cells as a model. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:518-528. [PMID: 33761836 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1902443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nerol (cis-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol) is a monoterpene widely used in cosmetic products, household detergents and cleaners, as well as a flavoring in several food products. Despite the high level of human exposure to nerol, an absence of studies regarding potential genetic toxicity in human cells exists. The aim of this investigation was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of this monoterpene on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as hepatic metabolizing HepG2/C3A human cell line. Cytotoxicity was assessed using trypan blue staining and MTT assay while genotoxicity was determined utilizing the comet and micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity tests showed cell viability greater than 70% for concentrations between 2.5 and 500 µg/ml. Both cell types exhibited significant DNA damage and chromosomal mutations after medium and high concentration incubation with nerol indicating that the safety of use of this monoterpene in various formulations to which humans are exposed needs to be monitored and requires more comprehensive investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ogushi Silva
- Speech and Hearing Therapy Department, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Marília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Botinhon Orlando
- Speech and Hearing Therapy Department, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Marília, Brazil
| | - Camila Lehnhardt Pires
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Geral E Aplicada - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Instituto De Biociências, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Clélia Akiko Hiruma-Lima
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Geral E Aplicada - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Instituto De Biociências, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Isabel de Mascarenhas Gaivão
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology and Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fábio Ferreira Perazzo
- Institute of Environmental, Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Edson Luis Maistro
- Speech and Hearing Therapy Department, São Paulo State University - UNESP - Faculty of Philosophy and Sciences, Marília, Brazil
- Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Geral E Aplicada - São Paulo State University (UNESP), Instituto De Biociências, Botucatu, Brazil
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220
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Yadahalli R, Kheur S, Adwani A, Bhonde R, Raj AT, Patil S. Nuclear Blebbing Frequency in Tobacco-Induced Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Pilot Study. Acta Cytol 2021; 65:403-410. [PMID: 34120116 DOI: 10.1159/000516496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco contains several genotoxic agents including N-nitrosamine which has the potential to cause significant nuclear damage. Nuclear blebbing is a form of protrusion on the nuclear membrane and could potentially be caused by tobacco-induced genotoxicity and is closely associated with malignancy. Thus, the present study aimed to assess if tobacco-associated oral potentially malignant disorders including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and oral leukoplakia have a higher nuclear blebbing frequency than patients with normal oral mucosa with no history of tobacco use. METHODS The sample consisted of patients with OSF (n = 30) and oral leukoplakia (n = 10) and normal oral mucosa (n = 10). Exfoliated cells collected from the study groups were smeared on a clean microscopic slide and stained by May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain. A baseline frequency of nuclear blebbing was evaluated using a bright-field microscope with a ×100 objective. The number of nuclear blebbing per 1,000 epithelial cells was recorded and expressed in percentage. ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman's correlation were used to analyze the data. RESULTS The mean rank of distribution of nuclear blebbing showed significant difference between all 3 groups, with the highest frequency noted in leukoplakia, followed by oral submucous and normal oral mucosa. Within OSF, the frequency of nuclear blebbing significantly increased from early stage to advanced stage. In OSF, a statistically significant positive linear correlation was noted between duration (in years), frequency (per day) of tobacco use, clinical grading, and nuclear blebbing. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The frequency of nuclear blebbing was significantly higher in oral potentially malignant disorders than normal mucosa. Nuclear blebbing also exhibited a strong dose- and time-dependent correlation with tobacco usage and clinical staging in OSF. The nuclear blebbing frequency could be a noninvasive, economic tool to assess malignant risk in tobacco-induced oral potentially malignant disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Yadahalli
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Aanchal Adwani
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
| | - A Thirumal Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology College of Dentistry, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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221
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Tian XL, Lu X, Cai TJ, Lyu YM, Tian M, Liu QJ. Cytogenetic monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes from medical radiation professionals occupationally exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. Mutat Res 2021; 867:503370. [PMID: 34266630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to assess the health risk of low-dose radiation to radiation professionals, monitoring is performed through chromosomal aberration analysis and micronuclei (MN) analysis. MN formation has drawbacks for monitoring in the low-dose range. Nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB) analysis, with a lower background level, has good dose-response relationships at both high and relatively low dose ranges. Dicentric and ring chromosomes were analyzed in 199 medical radiation professionals, and NPB/MN yields were analyzed in 205 radiation professionals. The effects of sex, age of donor, types of work, and length of service on these cytogenetic endpoints were also analyzed. The yields of the three cytogenetic endpoints were significantly higher in radiation professionals versus controls. Frequencies of dicentric plus ring chromosomes were affected by length of service. NPB frequencies were influenced by type of work and length of service. MN yields were affected not only by types of work and length of service but also by donor sex and age. In conclusion, dicentric plus ring chromosomes, NPB, and MN can be induced by low-dose radiation in radiation professionals. NPB is a potential biomarker to assess the health risk of occupational low-dose radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Tian-Jing Cai
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Yu-Min Lyu
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Henan Institute of Occupational Medicine, Zheng Zhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100088, PR China.
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Çobanoğlu H, Belivermiş M, Sıkdokur E, Kılıç Ö, Çayır A. Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of polyethylene microplastics on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 272:129805. [PMID: 35534956 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Currently, we need emerging initial data regarding how plastic exposures affect cellular and molecular components and how such interactions will be crucial for human health. We aimed to determine the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of microplastic (MPs,10-45 μm, polyethylene) on human peripheral lymphocytes by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMN) assay, which is a comprehensive method to reveal a range of mechanisms, not only diseases but also response to environmental exposures. We measured micronucleation (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge formation (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We also measured the cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) to calculate cytostasis, which indicates cytotoxicity in lymphocytes treated with five different MPs concentrations for 48 h. Even lower concentrations of MPs increased the level of genomic instability. We found that the in vitro MP exposure significantly increased MN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies. Since we investigated the effect of larger particles relative to the lymphocytes, mechanic interaction of MPs with cells, the release of monomer and additives from MPs could be suggested as possible mechanisms accounting for increasing genomic instabilities. We did not observe a decrease in the cell proliferation index, indicating a lack of MPs' cytotoxic potential. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to identify MPs' genotoxic potential in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We suggested further studies to investigate the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of smaller plastics and the chronic effect of MP on the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Sıkdokur
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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Grott SC, Bitschinski D, Israel NG, Abel G, da Silva SP, Alves TC, Lima D, Bainy ACD, Mattos JJ, da Silva EB, de Albuquerque CAC, de Almeida EA. Influence of temperature on biomarker responses and histology of the liver of American bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus, Shaw, 1802) exposed to the herbicide Tebuthiuron. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144971. [PMID: 33545471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tebuthiuron (TBU) is a phenylurea herbicide that is extensively used in sugarcane fields. Owing to the low degradation rate, high water solubility, and leaching potential, TBU is believed to have harmful effects on aquatic organisms, such as anuran tadpoles. Contaminant effects can be influenced by temperature since increases in temperature are often associated with increased metabolic reactions. In this study, we evaluated the influence of temperature on the negative effects of TBU in bullfrog tadpoles (Lithobates catesbeianus) through a multi-biomarker approach. Tadpoles were exposed to 0 (control) 10, 50, and 200 ng L-1 of TBU for 16 days at 25 and 32 °C. TBU increased the transcript levels of genes involved in biotransformation (glutathione S-transferase, GST, and sulfotransferase, SULT) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, SOD, and catalase, CAT) enzymes. TBU exposure also increased CAT and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, whereas SOD and carboxylesterase activities were decreased. The highest temperature caused a decrease in the activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and SOD but increased the activities of GST, GPx, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and acetylcholinesterase. No effects of temperature or TBU exposure were observed in genotoxic markers (frequencies of micronucleous and nuclear abnormalities) or in lipid peroxidation levels. Tadpoles exposed to TBU at all tested concentrations presented a higher index of biomarker responses than that of the control groups. Higher values of severity scores from histological analyses were found in the liver of tadpoles exposed to 50 and 200 ng L-1 of TBU at 32 °C compared with those of the control group at the same temperature. These results indicate that TBU and temperature increases are able to disturb the metabolic homeostasis of L. catesbeianus tadpoles after 16 days of exposure, causing substantial alterations in biomarker responses and liver morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Cristina Grott
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Bitschinski
- Department of Natural Science, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Abel
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil; Department of Natural Science, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Caique Alves
- Environmental Engineering Post-Graduation Program, University of Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Daína Lima
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Afonso Celso Dias Bainy
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jacó Joaquim Mattos
- Laboratory of Biomarkers of Aquatic Contamination and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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224
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Cerig S, Geyikoglu F. Oxidative stress and cyto-genotoxicity induced by poly-d-glucosamine in human blood cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 77:43-55. [PMID: 34036758 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (CH; chitin) is the main component of the insect skeleton, fungal cell wall, and many crustaceans, including crab and shrimp. CH is the most abundant in nature after cellulose, and it has a complex and hardly soluble structure. Poly-d-glucosamine (CHO; chitosan) is a soluble derivative of CH produced by deacetylation used in many fields, including human health. This study carried out the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and oxidative effects of CHO on human whole blood (hWB) and lymphocytes (LYMs) in dose ranges 6.25-2000 μg/mL, in vitro. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) analyzes were performed on plasma to appreciate oxidative stress. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were applied to understand the cytotoxicity. Chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) methods were practiced to evaluate genotoxicity. 6.25-150 μg/mL doses increased TAC and decreased TOS. A decreasing and increasing curve from 200 to 2000 μg/mL on TAC and TOS values were determined, respectively. 0-250 μg/mL doses did not provide any cytotoxic data. However, 500-2000 μg/mL doses showed increasing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. The study results showed that CHO does not pose a toxic risk to human health at low doses but may pose a threat at high doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Cerig
- First and Emergency Aid Program, Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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225
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Khodabandeh Z, Etebari M, Aliomrani M. Study of the probable genotoxic effects of Zolone (Phosalone) exposure in mice bone marrow derived cells. Genes Environ 2021; 43:18. [PMID: 33985589 PMCID: PMC8117585 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Approximately, 2 million tonnes of pesticides are utilized annually worldwide. Phosalone (Pln), an organophosphorus pesticide, acts as an insecticide and acaricide to control pests of crops such as nuts, citrus fruits, pomegranates, stone fruits, grapes, potatoes, and artichokes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible genotoxic effects following exposure to Pln in the cells derived from mouse red bone marrow. Materials and methods Sixty mice were divided into 6 groups including cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg, IP) and Pln (6, 12, 20, and 40 mg/kg) exposure by gavage. After 1 and 5 days of exposure, animals were euthanized and the genotoxicity assays were done on bone marrow extracted cells. Results Comet assay shows a time and dose-dependent toxicity which further DNA degradation is observed after 5-day exposure (p < 0.05). Also, Pln significantly increased the MnPCE/PCE ratio after 12 and 20 mg/kg administration while no significant difference was reported between the doses of 6 and 40 mg/kg BW with the negative control group. Conclusion Our results suggested a serious concern about its potential effects on biological life and related disease inductions. However further studies need to confirm the exact mechanism of Pln genotoxicity and the cause of diverse response of its activity at 40 mg/kg. This study also showed that increasing the dose of Pln reduces the MnNCE/Total cells ratio, which may indicate the possibility of bone marrow suppression. All of the above results emphasize the need to seriously limit the use of this compound as an agricultural pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Khodabandeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Etebari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Aliomrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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226
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Bianchi J, Cavicchioli R, Kubota LT, Carrilho E, de Sousa CP, Freitas Anibal FD. Antigenotoxic potential of the fermentation broth produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa RNC-D in vitro. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:471-485. [PMID: 33960819 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2020-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evaluate the chemopreventive potential of the extract from P. polymyxa RNC-D. Methods: Concentrations of P. polymyxa RNC-D extract were tested in HepG2/C3A cells to assess their genotoxic (comet assay), mutagenic (micronucleus test) and antigenotoxic potential (comet assay) in vitro. Results: 400 and 40 μg/ml concentrations induced DNA lesions, whereas the 4 μg/ml induced a desmutagenic effect. Complementary tests indicated that the extract minimized the formation of reactive oxygen species induced by methyl methanesulfonate and normalized the loss of membrane potential. The quantification of cytokines indicated that TNF-α was immunostimulated by the extract. However, when administered in conjunction with the methyl methanesulfonate, the extract blocked the TNF-α release. Conclusion: The fermentation broth from P. polymyxa RNC-D showed an antigenotoxic effect, and thus the potential to be used as chemopreventive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Bianchi
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Cavicchioli
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Lauro T Kubota
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, 13566-590, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica - INCTBio, Campinas, 13083-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina P de Sousa
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Freitas Anibal
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, 13565-905, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, 13566-590, SP, Brazil
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227
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Raja IS, Lee JH, Hong SW, Shin DM, Lee JH, Han DW. A critical review on genotoxicity potential of low dimensional nanomaterials. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 409:124915. [PMID: 33422758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low dimensional nanomaterials (LDNMs) have earned attention among researchers as they exhibit a larger surface area to volume and quantum confinement effect compared to high dimensional nanomaterials. LDNMs, including 0-D and 1-D, possess several beneficial biomedical properties such as bioimaging, sensor, cosmetic, drug delivery, and cancer tumors ablation. However, they threaten human beings with the adverse effects of cytotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and genotoxicity when exposed for a prolonged time in industry or laboratory. Among different toxicities, genotoxicity must be taken into consideration with utmost importance as they inherit DNA related disorders causing congenital disabilities and malignancy to human beings. Many researchers have performed NMs' genotoxicity using various cell lines and animal models and reported the effect on various physicochemical and biological factors. In the present work, we have compiled a comparative study on the genotoxicity of the same or different kinds of NMs. Notwithstanding, we have included the classification of genotoxicity, mechanism, assessment, and affecting factors. Further, we have highlighted the importance of studying the genotoxicity of LDNMs and signified the perceptions, future challenges, and possible directives in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Daan Korea Corporation, Seoul 06252, South Korea
| | - Suck Won Hong
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Dong-Myeong Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Jong Hun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, South Korea.
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- BIO-IT Foundry Technology Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea; Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, South Korea.
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228
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Dos Santos FI, Mizobata AA, Suyama GA, Cenci GB, Follador FAC, Arruda G, Hellmann L, Gomes EMV, de Oliveira Schmitz AP, Pokrywiecki JC, Lingnau R, Manosso FC, Pokrywiecki TS, Düsman E. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the waters of the Marrecas River (Paraná, Brazil) to bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:21742-21753. [PMID: 33410086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Animals have a long history of assessing ecosystem responses to environmental disturbances, and amphibians stand out for presenting themselves as good animal model and bioindicators of environmental quality. The main purpose of the present work was to investigate the cellular effects of contamination of waters of the Marrecas River, located in the southwest of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate and monitor the cytotoxic and mutagenic effect, with bullfrog tadpoles, and to discuss these effects with land use along this hydrographic basin. Mutagenic effects were determined by micronucleus assay, and cytotoxicity by other nuclear changes, such as segmented cells, binucleated cells, cells with buds and reniform cells. Water samples were obtained at nine sites along the Marrecas River, covering areas with rural and urban hydrological contribution. For each site, four samples were collected, along the years 2017 and 2018, encompassing the four seasons (summer, autumn, winter, and spring). The results showed mutagenic and cytotoxic effect in four sampling sites, and only cytotoxic effect in other four sites. These effects may be due, possibly, to the use of different agrochemicals across the hydrographic basin region, which have predominant hydrological contributions from crops. Data of this study indicate the presence of cytotoxic and mutagenic contaminants in the waters of the Marrecas River, which can generate environmental problems on the river fauna/flora, and can also affect the local population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Isabelli Dos Santos
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Andressa Akemi Mizobata
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabrielle Arisa Suyama
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Giovana Baptista Cenci
- Academic of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Franciele Ani Caovilla Follador
- Academic Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gisele Arruda
- Academic Center for Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Liliane Hellmann
- Academic Department of Physics, Statistics and Mathematics, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Michel Vieira Gomes
- Academic Department of Physics, Statistics and Mathematics, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira Schmitz
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juan Carlos Pokrywiecki
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lingnau
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Linha Santa Bárbara s/n, Caixa Postal 165, Francisco Beltrão, PR CEP 85601-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Cesar Manosso
- Academic Department of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki
- Academic Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Câmpus Francisco Beltrão, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Elisângela Düsman
- Academic Department of Chemistry and Biology, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Linha Santa Bárbara s/n, Caixa Postal 165, Francisco Beltrão, PR CEP 85601-970, Brazil.
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229
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Frossard A, Coppo GC, Lourenço AT, Heringer OA, Chippari-Gomes AR. Metal bioaccumulation and its genotoxic effects on eggs and hatchlings of giant Amazon river turtle (Podocnemis expansa). ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:643-657. [PMID: 33754232 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02384-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess whether possible metal contamination in the sediment of the nests of giant Amazon river turtle, Podocnemis expansa, could contaminate eggs and hatchlings, triggering genotoxic damage. Therefore, sediments of P. expansa nests from two sites in the Brazilian Amazon were evaluated, with the first being collected at Araguaia River and the second at Crixás-Açu River. Newly hatched offspring, eggs, and sediments were collected from the beaches of these two rivers and the quantification of metals (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn) was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy. All targeted metals were found in both sediment and P. expansa biological samples collected on the beaches presenting higher concentrations in the sediment of Crixás-Açu River. Metals found in the eggshells before nesting and in the egg contents were maternally transferred. Moreover, augmented concentration of metals led by metal transfer from the nests sediments were detected in the eggshells after nesting (ENH) and in the newly hatched offspring (H). Probably this metal relocation to the newly hatchlings augmented the frequency of micronuclei in their blood, presenting 15.25‰ in hatchling found in Crixás-Açu River beaches and 10‰ in newly hatched animals from Araguaia River beaches. These results indicate the occurrence of maternal transfer of metals (essential or not) to the eggs in testudines as well as a transference from the sediments to the nesting eggs, triggering genotoxic effects on the hatchlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Frossard
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Carvalho Coppo
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Amanda Toledo Lourenço
- Laboratory of Health and Wildlife, Vila Velha University, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
| | - Otávio Arruda Heringer
- Department of Research and Development -Tommasi Ambiental, Av. Arara Azul, 187, Novo Horizonte, Serra, ES, Brazil
| | - Adriana Regina Chippari-Gomes
- Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology, Vila Velha University, Av. Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, 29102-770, Vila Velha, ES, Brazil
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230
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Çağlar Ö, Çobanoğlu H, Uslu A, Çayır A. Evaluation of DNA damages in congenital hearing loss patients. Mutat Res 2021; 822:111744. [PMID: 33934048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2021.111744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we aimed to compare the level of genetic damages measured as micronucleus (MN), nucleoplasmic bridge (NPB), and nuclear bud formation (NBUD) in congenital hearing loss patients (n = 17) and control group (n = 24). The cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay (CBMN) was applied to the blood samples to measure the frequency of the markers in both groups. The frequencies of MN of hearing loss patients were found to be consistently significantly higher than those obtained for the control group (p < 0.0001). Similarly, we found significantly higher frequency of NPB in patients was obtained for the patient group (p < 0.0001). Finally, the frequencies of NBUD in patients is significantly higher than the level measured in the control group (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the age-adjusted MNL, BNMN, NPB, and NBUD frequencies in the patients were significantly higher than those obtained in the control group. We observed that the frequency of MN in patients was positively correlated with NBUD frequency which may indicate a common mechanism for these biomarkers in the patient group. We found, for the first time, that there were statistically significant higher levels of MN, NPB, and NBUD in sensorineural hearing loss patients. Since the markers we evaluated were linked with crucial diseases, our findings might suggest that sensorineural hearing loss patients are susceptible to several crucial diseases, especially cancer. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the significance of the MN, NPB, and NBUD level and thus provides a potential marker for the diagnosis of congenital hearing loss patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Çağlar
- Otorhinolaryngology-Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Turkey
| | - Hayal Çobanoğlu
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Atilla Uslu
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093, Capa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Akın Çayır
- Health Services Vocational College, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey.
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231
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Duarte NDAA, de Lima LE, Maraslis FT, Kundi M, Nunes EA, Barcelos GRM. Acute Toxicity and DNA Instability Induced by Exposure to Low Doses of Triclosan and Phthalate DEHP, and Their Combinations, in vitro. Front Genet 2021; 12:649845. [PMID: 33959150 PMCID: PMC8093768 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.649845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent widely used in personal care products (PCP) and the di-(2-ethyl hydroxy-phthalate) (DEHP) is a chemical compound derived from phthalic acid, used in medical devices and plastic products with polyvinyl chloride (PVCs). As result of their extensive use, TCS and DEHP have been found in the environment and previous studies demonstrated the association between their exposure and toxic effects, mostly in aquatic organisms, but there is a shortage in the literature concerning the exposure of TCS and DEHP in human cells. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of exposure to TCS and DEHP, as well as their combinations, on biomarkers related to acute toxicity and DNA instability, in HepG2 cells, by use of cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome (CBMNCyt) assay. For that, the cultures were exposed to TCS, DEHP and combinations at doses of 0.10, 1.0, and 10 μM for the period of 4 h and the parameters related to DNA damage (i.e., frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and nuclear buds (NBUDs), to cell division (i.e., nuclear division index (NDI) and nuclear division cytotoxic index (NDCI) and to cell death (apoptotic and necrotic cells) were scored. Clear mutagenic effects were seen in cells treated with TCS, DEHP at doses of 1.0 and 10 μM, but no combined effects were observed when the cells were exposed to the combinations of TCS + DEHP. On the other hand, the combination of the toxicants significantly increased the frequencies of apoptotic and necrotic cells, as well as induced alterations of biomarkers related to cell viability (NDI and NDCI), when compared to the groups treated only with TCS or DEHP. Taken together, the results showed that TCS and DEHP are also able to induce acute toxicity and DNA damage in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindiane Eloisa de Lima
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Flora Troina Maraslis
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - Michael Kundi
- Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilene Arusievicz Nunes
- Department of Biosciences, Institute of Health and Society, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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Folle NMT, Azevedo-Linhares M, Garcia JRE, Esquivel L, Grotzner SR, Oliveira ECD, Filipak Neto F, Oliveira Ribeiro CAD. 2,4,6-Tribromophenol is toxic to Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) after trophic and subchronic exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:128785. [PMID: 33168290 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of 2,4,6-Tribromophenol (TBP) in the environment increased the risk of exposure to aquatic organisms affecting the animal development or metabolism. The current study investigated the low, subchronic and trophic effect of TBP in both, male and female adult of Oreochromis niloticus. The fish were exposed to 0.5 or 50 ng g-1 of TBP every ten days for 70 days. Then, hepatosomatic (HSI) and gonadosomatic (GSI) indexes, erythrocyte parameters (hemoglobin content, nuclear morphology and morphometrical abnormalities), biochemical endpoints (glutathione S-Transferase and catalase activities, non-protein thiols, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels in the liver; and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain and muscle), histopathological analysis (liver) and vitellogenin levels (plasma) were considered. TBP affected the HSI in male and female fish, but not the GSI. Principal Component Analysis revealed that erythrocytes from males are more sensitive to TBP exposure. Likewise, TBP induced the expression of vitellogenin, CAT activity and liver lesion in male fish comparatively with control group, but GST and NPT were influenced only by sex. Finally, the results showed that the antioxidant mechanism and cholinesterase activity effects were more pronounced in male than in female. The current data shows evidences of estrogenic endocrine disruption and toxicity in O. niloticus exposed to TBP, revealing the risk of exposure to biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilce Mary Turcatti Folle
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Maristela Azevedo-Linhares
- Centro de Tecnologia Em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Tecnologia Do Paraná, CEP 81350-010, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luíse Esquivel
- Estação de Piscicultura Panamá, Est. Geral Bom Retiro. Paulo Lopes - SC, CEP 88490-000, Brazil
| | - Sonia Regina Grotzner
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
| | - Elton Celton de Oliveira
- Universidade Tecnológica Federal Do Paraná. Campus Dois Vizinhos, CEP 82660-000, Dois Vizinhos, PR. Brazil
| | - Francisco Filipak Neto
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, CEP 81531-970, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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Ayanda OI, Tolulope A, Oniye SJ. Mutagenicity and genotoxicity in juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus exposed to formulations of glyphosate and paraquat. Sci Prog 2021; 104:368504211021751. [PMID: 34148463 PMCID: PMC10454782 DOI: 10.1177/00368504211021751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aquatic ecosystem is under increasing pressure from environmental contaminants due to anthropogenic activities. This study investigated the potential of glyphosate and paraquat to induce DNA damage and other cell abnormalities in juvenile African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Juvenile fish were exposed for 96 h to 0.36, 0.48, 0.60, 0.72 and 0.84 mg/L glyphosate; and 0.018, 0.037, 0.055, 0.110 and 0.221 mg/L paraquat. Following the exposure, the fish liver and blood were analysed for DNA damage and micronucleus respectively. DNA damage was analysed using comet assay while the micronucleus test was used for assessing nuclear abnormalities. Both herbicides induced DNA damage in fish, with paraquat exhibiting higher toxicity. The severity in liver DNA damage was observed to be dependent on concentration. The herbicides triggered formation of micronuclei, bean-shaped cells, lobed nuclei, and apoptosis in blood cells of fish. Both herbicides also increased the frequency of occurrence of these cell abnormalities in erythrocytes and showed mutagenic potential in fish. Glyphosate and Paraquat both have mutagenic potentials in fish and this is a reflection of the threat these contaminants pose to fish and other forms of aquatic life in our natural water bodies. Low concentrations of these herbicides should be encouraged when usage is inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi I Ayanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ajayi Tolulope
- Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Sonnie J Oniye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
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Llewellyn SV, Niemeijer M, Nymark P, Moné MJ, van de Water B, Conway GE, Jenkins GJS, Doak SH. In Vitro Three-Dimensional Liver Models for Nanomaterial DNA Damage Assessment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006055. [PMID: 33448117 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the liver possesses the ability to repair and restore sections of damaged tissue following acute injury, prolonged exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) may induce repetitive injury leading to chronic liver disease. Screening ENM cytotoxicity using 3D liver models has recently been performed, but a significant challenge has been the application of such in vitro models for evaluating ENM associated genotoxicity; a vital component of regulatory human health risk assessment. This review considers the benefits, limitations, and adaptations of specific in vitro approaches to assess DNA damage in the liver, whilst identifying critical advancements required to support a multitude of biochemical endpoints, focusing on nano(geno)toxicology (e.g., secondary genotoxicity, DNA damage, and repair following prolonged or repeated exposures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Llewellyn
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Marije Niemeijer
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Penny Nymark
- Division of Toxicology, Misvik Biology, Karjakatu 35 B, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Nobels väg 13, Stockholm, 17 177, Sweden
| | - Martijn J Moné
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden, 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian E Conway
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gareth J S Jenkins
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In vitro Toxicology Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
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Castro ALG, Cruz JN, Sodré DF, Correa-Barbosa J, Azonsivo R, de Oliveira MS, de Sousa Siqueira JE, da Rocha Galucio NC, de Oliveira Bahia M, Burbano RMR, do Rosário Marinho AM, Percário S, Dolabela MF, Vale VV. Evaluation of the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of isoeleutherin and eleutherin isolated from Eleutherine plicata herb. using bioassays and in silico approaches. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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236
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Long H, Qiu X, Cao L, Liu G, Rao Z, Han R. Toxicological safety evaluation of the cultivated Chinese cordyceps. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113600. [PMID: 33220357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Chinese cordyceps, a parasitic Thitarodes insect-Ophiocordyceps sinensis fungus complex in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, is one of the most valuable traditional Chinese medicines and health food for ameliorating conditions associated with aging and for treating fatigue, night sweats, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, respiratory, renal and liver diseases, and hyposexuality. The natural Chinese cordyceps resource is rare due to its harsh growing environment, limited geographical distribution and global climate warming. Artificial cultivation of Chinese cordyceps has been successfully established to meet its high demand in market. AIMS OF THE STUDY The present study aims to evaluate the toxicological safety of the cultivated Chinese cordyceps and provide scientific data for subsequent development and utilization of this valuable biological resource. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Chinese cordyceps was cultivated by mimicking the habitat environment in low-altitude areas and identified by morphological and microscopic characteristics. Its phytochemical profile was determined by the HPLC. Toxicological studies based on the cultivated Chinese cordyceps were conducted, including chromosomal aberration test of Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, Ames test, acute toxicity test and micronucleus (MN) test of bone marrow cells. RESULTS The Chinese cordyceps successfully cultivated in low-altitude areas exhibited the same morphological and microscopic characteristics as natural Chinese cordyceps. The adenosine content was in accordance with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition). The HPLC fingerprint was determined and five main chromatographic peaks representing uracil, uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine were identified. No dose-dependent increase in the rates of chromosomal aberration was detected in the presence or absence of metabolic activation system. Ames test also demonstrated no dose-dependent increase in the number of reversion mutation for five bacterial strains, with or without rat liver microsomal enzyme mixture (S9) metabolic activation, at a quantity range of 128-5000 μg cultivated Chinese cordyceps per plate. The acute toxicity test with mice showed that after 20 g/kg oral administration of cultivated Chinese cordyceps, neither animal death nor any abnormal change in general dissection of various tissues and organs of the animals were found within 14 days. The median lethal dose (LD50) was greater than 5 g/kg, which is regarded as a non-toxic level, and maximum tolerable dose (MTD) of cultivated Chinese cordyceps in ICR mice was more than 20 g/kg. MN test of mouse bone marrow cells indicated no significant differences among each sample dose and the negative control. CONCLUSION Based on the results from four toxicological tests, it was concluded that the cultivated Chinese cordyceps was classified as non-toxic in one single administration at high doses by intragastric route in mice. This study provides scientific experimental basis for its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xuehong Qiu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li Cao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guiqing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhongchen Rao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
| | - Richou Han
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510260, Guangdong, China.
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Ness SLR, Mascarenhas MÁ, Arbo MD, Tonietto BD, Cestonaro LV, Dos Santos NG, Garcia SC, Ferreira CF, Capp E. Occupational exposure assessment in professionals who manipulate and administer antineoplastic drugs in a university hospital in Southern Brazil. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2021; 27:1205-1213. [PMID: 33736555 DOI: 10.1177/10781552211003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our goal was to demonstrate the effects of occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs on oxidative stress parameters and DNA damage in health professionals who manipulate and administer antineoplastic drugs in a University Hospital in Southern Brazil. METHODS The case-control study with a longitudinal design, involved 64 individuals, 29 of them pharmacists, pharmacy technicians and nurses who were occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs and 35 professionals who were not exposed. Gene mutations were determined by micronucleus from salivary fluid; DNA damage by comet assay and oxidative stress parameters in whole blood were also evaluated. RESULTS All workers exposed to antineoplastic drugs used personal protective equipment (PPE). It was demonstrated that the total nonprotein thiol and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels showed interaction between group and time, with higher levels one week after handling/administration of antineoplastic drugs in the exposed group (GEE, p ≤ 0.0001 and p = 0,013, respectively). Additionally, there was a group effect on the activities of the catalase and glutathione peroxidase antioxidant enzymes (GEE, p = 0.027 and p ≤ 0.0001, respectively), and workers occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs had higher enzyme activities compared to those not exposed. No genotoxic damage was demonstrated through the evaluated parameters. CONCLUSIONS Despite the correct use of PPE, professionals occupationally exposed to antineoplastic drugs were more susceptible to oxidative stress than those not exposed. The evaluation of the studied parameters is especially important for the definition of conducts and practices in the area, always in search of guaranteeing the establishment of a rational policy to protect workers' health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Luis R Ness
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Central de Misturas Intravenosas, Serviço de Farmácia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcello Á Mascarenhas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Strict Sensu em Biociências e Reabilitação, Curso de Farmácia do Centro Universitário Metodista-IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D Arbo
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna D Tonietto
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Cestonaro
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nícolas G Dos Santos
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Graduação na Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Charles F Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Grupo de Pesquisa: Climatério, e Menopausa. Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Edison Capp
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (PPGGO), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Graduação na Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Dybdahl M, Selesko DB, Mikkelsen UR. Safety evaluation of whey derived beta-lactoglobulin, Lacprodan® BLG. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:617-626. [PMID: 33816124 PMCID: PMC8010207 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety of Lacprodan® BLG, a whey-based protein, was evaluated with respect to genotoxicity and sub-chronic toxicity according to regulatory requirements. Lacprodan® BLG did not show any mutagenic potential in a bacterial reverse mutation assay or any clastogenic or aneugenic potential in an in vitro micronucleus assay performed in human lymphocytes. In a sub-chronic toxicity study, groups of 10 male and 10 female Wistar rats received the test item orally by gavage for 90 days at dose levels of 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg bw/day. A control group, also including 10 male and 10 female rats, received sterile water, as vehicle. No treatment-related clinical observations or toxicological effects on body or organ weights, food consumption, ophthalmic effects, hematology, clinical chemistry, fertility, urinalysis, or pathology were identified. Therefore, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for Lacprodan® BLG in the 90-day toxicity study was established as 1000 mg/kg bw/day, corresponding to the highest dose level administered.
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239
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Giri S, Barhoi D, Nath Barbhuiya S, Giri A, Das S, Das A, Devi SH, Talukdar D, Upadhaya P, Langthasa P, Pandey N, Singh S. Consumption pattern and genotoxic potential of various smokeless tobacco products in Assam, India: A public health concern. Mutat Res 2021; 866:503349. [PMID: 33985693 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Smokeless tobacco (SLT) consumption is presumed to be one of the major causes of high incidence of oral cancer in India. The present study aimed to document various types of SLT products consumed and their potential impact on the genome instability on the population from Assam state in Northeast India. A cross-sectional study (n = 5000) showed that 60.56 % of the study population consumed at least one of the three forms (sadagura, zarda and khaini) of SLT of which 52.0 % were only sadagura users. Genotoxicity assessment using buccal cytome assay in 240 age and sex matched volunteers revealed that except for zarda, other forms of SLT induced significantly higher incidence micronuclei in the buccal epithelial cells compared to the control individuals. Similar effects were also observed in other cytome parameters related to cell proliferation, cytokinesis defects and cell death. Significantly higher incidence of micronucleus was observed among sadagura and khaini users in lymphocyte cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay. The addition of lime in sadagura increased the pH and anion levels which possibly result in higher absorption and may lead to the development of cellular anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbani Giri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Dharmeswar Barhoi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Sweety Nath Barbhuiya
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Anirudha Giri
- Laboratory of Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Samrat Das
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Aparajita Das
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Salam Himika Devi
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Doli Talukdar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Puja Upadhaya
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Pimily Langthasa
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Neelam Pandey
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
| | - Supriya Singh
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India.
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Aldana-Mejía JA, Ccana-Ccapatinta GV, Squarisi IS, Nascimento S, Tanimoto MH, Ribeiro VP, Arruda C, Nicolella H, Esperandim T, Ribeiro AB, de Freitas KS, da Silva LHD, Ozelin SD, Oliveira LTS, Melo ALA, Tavares DC, Bastos JK. Nonclinical Toxicological Studies of Brazilian Red Propolis and Its Primary Botanical Source Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1024-1033. [PMID: 33720704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Propolis is one of the most widely used products in traditional medicine. One of the most prominent types of Brazilian propolis is the red one, whose primary botanical source is Dalbergia ecastaphyllum (L.) Taub. Despite the potential of Brazilian red propolis for developing new products with pharmacological activity, few studies guarantee safety in its use. The objective of this study was the evaluation of the possible toxic effects of Brazilian red propolis and D. ecastaphyllum, as well as the cytotoxicity assessment of the main compounds of red propolis on tumoral cell lines. Hydroalcoholic extracts of the Brazilian red propolis (BRPE) and D. ecastaphyllum stems (DSE) and leaves (DLE) were prepared and chromatographed for isolation of the major compounds. RP-HPLC-DAD was used to quantify the major compounds in the obtained extracts. The XTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the extracts in the human fibroblast cell line (GM07492A). The results revealed IC50 values of 102.7, 143.4, and 253.1 μg/mL for BRPE, DSE, and DLE, respectively. The extracts were also evaluated for their genotoxic potential in the micronucleus assay in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts cells (V79), showing the absence of genotoxicity. The BRPE was investigated for its potential in vivo toxicity in the zebrafish model. Concentrations of 0.8-6.3 mg/L were safe for the animals, with a LC50 of 9.37 mg/L. Of the 11 compounds isolated from BRPE, medicarpin showed a selective cytotoxic effect against the HeLa cell line. These are the initial steps to determine the toxicological potential of Brazilian red propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennyfer A Aldana-Mejía
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Gari V Ccana-Ccapatinta
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Iara S Squarisi
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Samuel Nascimento
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Matheus H Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Victor P Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Caroline Arruda
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
| | - Heloiza Nicolella
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Tábata Esperandim
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Arthur B Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Karoline S de Freitas
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Lucas H D da Silva
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Saulo D Ozelin
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Lucas T S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Alex L A Melo
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Denise C Tavares
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis, University of Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira, 201-Parque Universitário, Franca, SP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Av. do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-930, Brazil
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Silva JM, Navoni JA, Amaral VS, Freire EMX. Cytogenetic analysis of nuclear abnormalities in the erythrocytes of gecko lizards (Phyllopezus periosus) collected in a semi-arid region of northeast Brazil: Possible effects of natural background radioactivity. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503346. [PMID: 33865540 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High natural-background radioactivity levels occur in the semi-arid region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil. We have studied the lizard Phyllopezus periosus, an endemic species of the Brazilian caatinga with saxicolous habitat, as a bioindicator of environmental quality. Specimens were collected in three areas, an environmental protection area and two areas recognized as having high natural background radiation, one of these being a mining area. Level of metals and gamma radiation emitters present in the water sources potentially used by the lizards were measured. The biological endpoints assessed were micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in blood samples. Significant differences in background radioactivity levels were found among the assessed areas. Statistically significant differences in micronuclei and nuclear abnormality frequencies were seen, among the study areas and a relationship between radioactivity level and genetic damage was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadna Maria Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Júlio Alejandro Navoni
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, IFRN, Brazil
| | - Viviane Souza Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, UFRN, Brazil
| | - Eliza Maria Xavier Freire
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio, Ambiente da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, UFRN, Brazil.
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Carabajal MPA, Piloto-Ferrer J, Nicollela HD, Squarisi IS, Prado Guissone AP, Esperandim TR, Tavares DC, Isla MI, Zampini IC. Antigenotoxic, antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties of a combination of native medicinal plants from Argentina. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113479. [PMID: 33091491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jarilla is the common name of an appreciated group of native plants from the semi-arid region in Argentina (Larrea cuneifolia Cav., Larrea divaricata Cav. and Zuccagnia punctata Cav.) that have been historically consumed to heal respiratory, musculoskeletal and skin ailments, as well as recommended for weakness/tiredness, hypertension, diabetes and cancer treatment. It was previously reported that some biological properties could be improved when these plants are used jointly. Infusions of a defined mixture, composed by three Jarilla species, L. cuneifolia: L. divaricata: Z. punctata (0.5:0.25:0.25) (HM2) showed synergistic and additive effect on antioxidant activity even after passing through the gastro-duodenal tract. AIM OF THE STUDY The main purpose of this work was to evaluate antigenotoxic, antitumor, and anti-metastatic properties of the Jarilla species that grow in the Northwest of Argentina and a herbal combination of them. MATERIAL AND METHODS Infusions of Jarilla mixture (HM2), and of each single plant species were prepared. Phenolic profiles of infusions were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and two relevant chemical markers were quantified. The antigenotoxic activity was evaluated by using the Ames test and the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay against direct mutagens. Evaluations of both cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were conducted on tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Both in vivo tumoral growth and metastasis inhibition were evaluated by using a carcinoma model on Balb/c mice. RESULTS HM2 mix could suppress genetic and chromosome mutations induced by 4-nitro-o-phenylendiamine (4-NPD) and doxorubicin. Herbal mixture and single plant infusions showed cytotoxic effect against mammary, uterus, and brain tumoral cells without a selective action vs normal human cell line. HM2 mix was able to reduce mammary tumor mass on the Balb/c mice model and showed a significant reduction in the number of metastatic nodules in the lungs. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the combinations of three Jarilla species from northwest Argentina would be a promising alternative to treat or slow down the development of chronic diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Patricia Antonella Carabajal
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Janet Piloto-Ferrer
- Departamento de Toxicología Genética y Antitumorales, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Medicamentos (CIDEM), Avenida 26, No. 1605 e/Puentes Grandes y Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Heloiza Diniz Nicollela
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Iara Silva Squarisi
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Prado Guissone
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Denise Crispim Tavares
- Universidade de Franca, Avenida Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira, 201, 14404-600, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - María Inés Isla
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Iris Catiana Zampini
- Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV-CONICET-UNT), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Lorenzo 1469, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
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243
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Valbonesi P, Profita M, Vasumini I, Fabbri E. Contaminants of emerging concern in drinking water: Quality assessment by combining chemical and biological analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 758:143624. [PMID: 33229077 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water quality is a priority issue of the environmental policy agenda, however regulation on Contaminants of Emerging Concern (CECs) is limited. A proposal to revise the Drinking Water Directive has recently been approved (EU Council 2020), which updates the quality standards and introduces the watch list mechanism, including for the first time endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of selected CECs in surface water at the entrance of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) and in treated water, ready for distribution in the network. Samples were collected at three different DWTPs (Italy) and CECs assessed by LC-MS/MS were the following: bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), octylphenol, perfluorooctanesulfonic and perfluorooctanoic acids (PFOS and PFOA), atenolol, caffeine (CFF), carbamazepine (CBZ), estrone, 17-β-estradiol, 17-α-ethinyl estradiol, diclofenac, and ibuprofen. In addition, biological analyses were performed to ascertain cumulative estrogenic and/or genotoxic potential of the samples. CFF, NP, PFOA, BPA, and CBZ were the most frequently detected contaminants, found in treated water in the following ranges: CFF 12.47-66.33 ng/L, NP 7.90-53.62 ng/L, PFOA <LOQ-12.66, ng/L, BPA <LOQ-6.27 ng/L, and CBZ <LOQ-1.20 ng/L. While treatments were generally efficacious in reducing BPA, CFF and CBZ, they were sometimes ineffective for NP and PFOA. According to the low concentrations and/or regulation limit for each single contaminant, the water analyzed met the criteria of good quality. No estrogenic or genotoxic activities were induced by the water assessed, with the exception of one sample. It has been suggested that drinking water may not represent a significant source of human exposure to CECs, however co-occurrence of different compounds may lead to additive/synergistic interactions causing unexpected effects on human health and the environment, and deserve implementation of strategies for detection and removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Valbonesi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilin Profita
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivo Vasumini
- Romagna Acque Società delle Fonti SpA, Forli, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (BIGEA), University of Bologna, Italy; Interdepartment Centre for Environmental Science Research, University of Bologna, Campus of Ravenna, Italy.
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244
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Santibáñez-Andrade M, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Chirino YI, Morales-Bárcenas R, García-Cuellar CM. Long non-coding RNA NORAD upregulation induced by airborne particulate matter (PM 10) exposure leads to aneuploidy in A549 lung cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 266:128994. [PMID: 33250223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a worldwide problem that affects human health predominantly in the largest cities. Particulate matter of 10 μm or less in diameter (PM10) is considered a risk factor for multiple diseases, including lung cancer. The long non-coding RNA NORAD and the components of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensure proper chromosomal segregation. Alterations in the SAC cause aneuploidy, a feature associated with carcinogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated that PM10 treatment increased the expression levels of NORAD as well as those of SAC components mitotic arrest deficient 1 (MAD1L1), mitotic arrest deficient 2 (MAD2L1), BubR1 (BUB1B), aurora B (AURKB), and survivin (BIRC5) in the lung A549 cell line. We also demonstrated that MAD1L1, MAD2L1, and BUB1B expression levels were reduced when cells were transfected with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) against NORAD. Interestingly, the expression levels of AURKB and BIRC5 (survivin) were not affected by transfection with NORAD siRNAs. Cells treated with PM10 exhibited a decrease in mitotic arrest and an increase in micronuclei frequency in synchronized A549 cells. PM10 exposure induced aneuploidy events as a result of SAC deregulation. We also observed a reduction in the protein levels of Pumilio 1 after PM10 treatment. Our results provide novel clues regarding the effect of PM10 in the generation of chromosomal instability, a phenotype observed in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Santibáñez-Andrade
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yesennia Sánchez-Pérez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda I Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Rocío Morales-Bárcenas
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Claudia M García-Cuellar
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, San Fernando No. 22, Tlalpan, CP 14080, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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245
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Piña-Ortiz A, Ceyca-Contreras JP, Covantes-Rosales CE, Betancourt-Lozano M, Castillo-Guerrero JA. Temporal and sex-based variation in organochlorine pesticide levels in the blue-footed booby in two coastal colonies of Sinaloa, Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:112050. [PMID: 33515824 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The temporal, inter-site, and sex-based variation of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in blood plasma samples collected from blue-footed boobies of two islands in Sinaloa, Mexico, was evaluated. The effect of OCPs was evaluated with the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, micronucleated erythrocyte frequency, and scaled mass index. The OCP-group levels decreased as the breeding season progressed, and interannual (but not inter-colony) differences were detected. Intra-annual variation in OCP levels seemed to reflect run-off inputs, although other environmental processes may better explain the variation between years. Sex-based differences in OCP levels were likely related to ecological and physiological processes linked to breeding (e.g., egg-laying and use of lipid reserves). No correlations between OCP-group levels and biomarkers were detected. Small pelagic fishes are the main prey sources of blue-footed boobies and the targets of regional industrial fisheries, and thus blue-footed booby OCP levels could reflect ecosystem health and indicate potential risks for human consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Piña-Ortiz
- Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa CP82100, Mexico.
| | - Juan Pablo Ceyca-Contreras
- Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa CP82100, Mexico; Laboratorio de Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León CP66450, Mexico.
| | - Carlos Eduardo Covantes-Rosales
- Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa CP82100, Mexico.
| | - Miguel Betancourt-Lozano
- Unidad Mazatlán en Acuicultura y Manejo Ambiental, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Av. Sábalo-Cerritos s/n, Estero del Yugo, Mazatlán, Sinaloa CP82100, Mexico.
| | - José Alfredo Castillo-Guerrero
- Departamento de Estudios para el Desarrollo Sustentable de la Zona Costera, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Farías 82, San Patricio-Melaque, Municipio de Cihuatlán, Jalisco CP48980, Mexico.
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246
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Romeo S, Zeni O, Sannino A, Lagorio S, Biffoni M, Scarfì MR. Genotoxicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Protocol for a systematic review of in vitro studies. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 148:106386. [PMID: 33486297 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF, 100 kHz - 300 GHz) emitted by wireless communication technologies is pervasive and ubiquitous. Concern has been raised about possible adverse effects to human health. In 2011 the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified RF-EMF as possibly carcinogenic to humans, highlighting that the evidence is weak and far from conclusive. Updated systematic reviews of the scientific literature on this topic are lacking, especially for mechanistic studies. OBJECTIVES To develop a protocol for a systematic review of experimental studies investigating genotoxic effects induced by RF-EMF in in vitro cellular models. Genotoxicity is one of the key-biological indicators of carcinogenicity, and the most common characteristics of established carcinogens. The predefined procedures for conducting the systematic review are outlined below. METHODS We will follow the guidelines developed by the National Toxicology Program-Office of Health Assessment and Translation (NTP-OHAT), adapted to the evaluation of in vitro studies. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We will include experimental in vitro studies addressing the relationship between controlled exposures to RF-EMF and genotoxicity in mammalian cells only. Eligibility for inclusion will be further restricted to peer reviewed articles reporting findings from primary studies. INFORMATION SOURCES We will search the scientific literature databases NCBI PubMed, Web of Science, and EMF-Portal. No filter on publication date will be applied. Only studies published in English will be considered. The reference lists of the included papers and available reviews will be screened for unidentified relevant papers. References will be managed through Endnote X9 software. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS Data from included papers will be extracted according to predefined forms. Heterogeneity within the available evidence will determine the type of evidence synthesis that is appropriate. Findings will be summarized in tables, graphical displays and in a narrative synthesis of the available evidences. A meta-analysis will be carried out if subgroups of studies homogeneous in terms of exposure characteristics, endpoint, and cell types will be identified. RISK OF BIAS The internal validity of included studies will be assessed using the NTP-OHAT Risk of Bias Rating Tool for animal studies, adapted to in vitro studies. This stage of the process will be managed through the Health Assessment Workspace Collaborative (HAWC). EVIDENCE APPRAISAL To rate confidence in the body of evidence, we will use the OHAT GRADE-based approach for animal studies. FRAMEWORK AND FUNDING This protocol concerns one of the evidence streams considered in a larger systematic review of the scientific literature on the potential carcinogenicity of RF-EMF, performed by scientists from several Italian public research agencies. The project is supported by the Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL) in the framework of the CRA with the Istituto Superiore di Sanità "BRiC 2018/06 - Scientific evidence on the carcinogenicity of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Romeo
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80124 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Olga Zeni
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80124 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Anna Sannino
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80124 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Susanna Lagorio
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Mauro Biffoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Health, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Scarfì
- Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA), Italian National Research Council (CNR), 80124 Napoli, Italy.
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Rodboon T, Sirilun S, Okada S, Kariya R, Chontananarth T, Suwannalert P. Modified Riceberry rice extract suppresses melanogenesis-associated cell differentiation through tyrosinase-mediated MITF downregulation on B16 cells and in vivo zebrafish embryos. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 15:491-502. [PMID: 33628291 PMCID: PMC7879784 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.297852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Excessive melanin production caused by overactive tyrosinase (TYR) enzyme results in several dermatological problems. The TYR inhibitor, derived from metabolite changes during fermentation, has been well recognized for pigmentation control. Experimental approach: This study is interested in alternative anti-melanogenic agents from bio-modified Riceberry rice through fermentation. Modified Riceberry rice extract (MRB) was evaluated for its cytotoxicity, melanin content, melanin excretion, and TYR activity in B16 cells. TYR and their melanogenesis-related molecules such as TYR-related proteins-1 and -2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) were determined. The anti-melanogenic activity and toxicity were also tested using the embryonic zebrafish model. Furthermore, comprehensive genotoxicity testing was verified by cytokinesis-block micronucleus cytome assay. Findings/Results: The study found that non-cytotoxic concentrations of MRB at 20 and 40 mg/mL inhibited melanogenesis and melanin excretion by interfering B16 cell morphology. Cellular TYR enzymatic activity was also suppressed in the treated cells. The mRNA transcription and protein expression levels of TYR and MITF decreased by dose-dependent and time-dependent manners with MRB treatment. In the animal model, MRB was found to be safe and potent for melanogenesis-related TYR inhibition in embryonic zebrafish at 20 and 30 mg/mL. The toxicity of effective doses of MRB showed no genotoxicity and mutagenicity. Conclusion and implications: This study suggests that MRB has anti-melanogenesis potential through TYR and its-related protein inhibitions. MRB is also safe for applications and maybe a promising anti-melanogenic agent for hyperpigmentation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerapat Rodboon
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Prasit Suwannalert
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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248
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Arslan K, Akbaba GB. In vitro genotoxicity assessment and comparison of cerium (IV) oxide micro- and nanoparticles. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:76-83. [PMID: 32279649 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720913349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2), which is used as a biomaterial, has wide application in areas such as the biomedical, glass polishing, electronic, automotive, and pharmacology industries. Comparing with the literature, in this study, the genotoxic effects of cerium (IV) oxide microparticles (COMPs) and cerium (IV) oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) were investigated for the first time in human peripheral blood cultures at concentrations of 0.78, 1.56, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm for 72 h under in vitro conditions. Particle sizes of COMPs and CONPs were determined using scanning electron microscopic analysis. Micronucleus and chromosome aberration tests were used to determine the genotoxicity of COMPs and CONPs. The average particle sizes of COMPs and CONPs were approximately 148.25 and 25.30 nm, respectively. It was determined that CeO2 particles in both micro and nano sizes were toxic at all concentrations compared to the negative control group (distilled water). Importantly, COMPs and CONPs were genotoxic even at the lowest concentration (0.78 ppm). Comparing particle sizes, the data indicated that COMPs were more toxic than CONPs. The results suggest that genotoxicity of COMPs and CONPs may be a function of applied concentrations and particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kader Arslan
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Giray Buğra Akbaba
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Department of Bioengineering, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
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249
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Cavalcanti BC, Neto JBDA, Silva AADS, Barreto FS, Ferreira JRDO, Magalhães HIF, Silva CRD, Vieira ÍGP, Ricardo NMPS, Nobre Júnior HV, Moraes MO. Chemopreventive effect of troxerutin against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human leukocytes through modulation of glutathione-dependent enzymes. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:137-151. [PMID: 33103637 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1836541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Troxerutin is a natural flavonoid present abundantly in tea, coffee, olives, wheat, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. Due to its diverse pharmacological properties, this flavonoid has aroused interest for treatment of various diseases, and consequently prompted investigation into its toxicological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic effects and chemoprotective activity attributed to troxerutin using human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) through several well-established experimental protocols based upon different parameters. Data demonstrated that troxerutin (100 to 1000 µM) induced no marked cytotoxic effect on PBLs after 24 hr, and did not produce strand breaks and mutagenicity. Regarding chemoprevention, this flavonoid attenuated cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity initiated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human PBLs. Further, troxerutin demonstrated no marked cytotoxic effect on PBLs and exerted a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 through modulation of GSH-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Batista de Andrade Neto
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory for Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- Christus University Center (UNICHRISTUS) , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecília Rocha da Silva
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory for Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- School of Pharmacy, Laboratory for Bioprospection of Antimicrobial Molecules, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico Moraes
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, Brazil
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Determination of Genotoxicity Attributed to Diesel Exhaust Particles in Normal Human Embryonic Lung Cell (WI-38) Line. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020291. [PMID: 33669250 PMCID: PMC7919825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies concluded that inhalation of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) is associated with an increase in the relative risk of lung cancer. In vitro research evaluating the genetic damage and/or changes in gene expression have been attempted to explain the relationship between DEP exposure and carcinogenicity. However, to date, investigations have been largely confined to studies in immortalized or tumorigenic epithelial cell models. Few studies have investigated damage at the chromosomal level to DEP exposure in normal cell lines. Here, we present the genotoxic effects of DEP in normal cells (embryonic human lung fibroblasts) by conventional genotoxicity testing (micronuclei (MN) and comet assay). We show the differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways in DEP-exposed WI-38 cells using RNA sequencing data. We observed a significant increase in single-strand DNA breaks and the frequency of MN in DEP-exposed cells in a dose-dependent manner. The differentially expressed genes following DEP exposure were significantly enriched in the pathway for responding to xenobiotics and DNA damage. Taken together, these results show that DEP exposure induced DNA damage at the chromosomal level in normal human lung cells and provide information on the expression of genes associated with genotoxic stress.
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