201
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Ghigo A, Frati G, Sciarretta S. A novel protective role for activating transcription factor 3 in the cardiac response to metabolic stress. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:113-114. [PMID: 28082449 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina (LT) 04100, Italy.,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 79, Latina (LT) 04100, Italy; .,Department of AngioCardioNeurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Località Camerelle, Pozzilli (IS) 86077, Italy
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202
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Teasdale JE, Hazell GGJ, Peachey AMG, Sala-Newby GB, Hindmarch CCT, McKay TR, Bond M, Newby AC, White SJ. Cigarette smoke extract profoundly suppresses TNFα-mediated proinflammatory gene expression through upregulation of ATF3 in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39945. [PMID: 28059114 PMCID: PMC5216376 DOI: 10.1038/srep39945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction caused by the combined action of disturbed flow, inflammatory mediators and oxidants derived from cigarette smoke is known to promote coronary atherosclerosis and increase the likelihood of myocardial infarctions and strokes. Conversely, laminar flow protects against endothelial dysfunction, at least in the initial phases of atherogenesis. We studied the effects of TNFα and cigarette smoke extract on human coronary artery endothelial cells under oscillatory, normal laminar and elevated laminar shear stress for a period of 72 hours. We found, firstly, that laminar flow fails to overcome the inflammatory effects of TNFα under these conditions but that cigarette smoke induces an anti-oxidant response that appears to reduce endothelial inflammation. Elevated laminar flow, TNFα and cigarette smoke extract synergise to induce expression of the transcriptional regulator activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which we show by adenovirus driven overexpression, decreases inflammatory gene expression independently of activation of nuclear factor-κB. Our results illustrate the importance of studying endothelial dysfunction in vitro over prolonged periods. They also identify ATF3 as an important protective factor against endothelial dysfunction. Modulation of ATF3 expression may represent a novel approach to modulate proinflammatory gene expression and open new therapeutic avenues to treat proinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E. Teasdale
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Georgina G. J. Hazell
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Alasdair M. G. Peachey
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Graciela B. Sala-Newby
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Charles C. T. Hindmarch
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada, K7L 3N6
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tristan R. McKay
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
| | - Mark Bond
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Andrew C. Newby
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Stephen J. White
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK
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203
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Roles of HDACs in the Responses of Innate Immune Cells and as Targets in Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:91-110. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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204
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Choudhury M, Ramsey SA. Identifying Cell Type-Specific Transcription Factors by Integrating ChIP-seq and eQTL Data-Application to Monocyte Gene Regulation. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:105-110. [PMID: 28008225 PMCID: PMC5156548 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s40768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe a novel computational approach to identify transcription factors (TFs) that are candidate regulators in a human cell type of interest. Our approach involves integrating cell type-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data and TF data from chromatin immunoprecipitation-to-tag-sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments in cell lines. To test the method, we used eQTL data from human monocytes in order to screen for TFs. Using a list of known monocyte-regulating TFs, we tested the hypothesis that the binding sites of cell type-specific TF regulators would be concentrated in the vicinity of monocyte eQTLs. For each of 397 ChIP-seq data sets, we obtained an enrichment ratio for the number of ChIP-seq peaks that are located within monocyte eQTLs. We ranked ChIP-seq data sets according to their statistical significances for eQTL overlap, and from this ranking, we observed that monocyte-regulating TFs are more highly ranked than would be expected by chance. We identified 27 TFs that had significant monocyte enrichment scores and mapped them into a protein interaction network. Our analysis uncovered two novel candidate monocyte-regulating TFs, BCLAF1 and SIN3A. Our approach is an efficient method to identify candidate TFs that can be used for any cell/tissue type for which eQTL data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudra Choudhury
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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205
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The citrus flavonoid naringenin confers protection in a murine endotoxaemia model through AMPK-ATF3-dependent negative regulation of the TLR4 signalling pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39735. [PMID: 28004841 PMCID: PMC5177915 DOI: 10.1038/srep39735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive activation of the TLR4 signalling pathway is critical for inflammation-associated disorders, while negative regulators play key roles in restraining TLR4 from over-activation. Naringenin is a citrus flavonoid with remarkable anti-inflammatory activity, but the mechanisms underlying its inhibition of LPS/TLR4 signalling are less clear. This study investigated the molecular targets and therapeutic effects of naringenin in vitro and in vivo. In LPS-stimulated murine macrophages, naringenin suppressed the expression of TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX2) and NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2). Naringenin also inhibited NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. However, it did not affect the IRF3 signalling pathway or interferon production, which upregulate activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), an inducible negative regulator of TLR4 signalling. Naringenin was demonstrated to directly increase ATF3 expression. Inhibition of AMPK and its upstream calcium-dependent signalling reduced ATF3 expression and dampened the anti-inflammatory activity of naringenin. In murine endotoxaemia models, naringenin ameliorated pro-inflammatory reactions and improved survival. Furthermore, it induced AMPK activation in lung tissues, which was required for ATF3 upregulation and the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. Overall, this study reveals a novel mechanism of naringenin through AMPK-ATF3-dependent negative regulation of the LPS/TLR4 signalling pathway, which thereby confers protection against murine endotoxaemia.
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206
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Dixit A, Parnas O, Li B, Chen J, Fulco CP, Jerby-Arnon L, Marjanovic ND, Dionne D, Burks T, Raychowdhury R, Adamson B, Norman TM, Lander ES, Weissman JS, Friedman N, Regev A. Perturb-Seq: Dissecting Molecular Circuits with Scalable Single-Cell RNA Profiling of Pooled Genetic Screens. Cell 2016; 167:1853-1866.e17. [PMID: 27984732 PMCID: PMC5181115 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 875] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Genetic screens help infer gene function in mammalian cells, but it has remained difficult to assay complex phenotypes-such as transcriptional profiles-at scale. Here, we develop Perturb-seq, combining single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based perturbations to perform many such assays in a pool. We demonstrate Perturb-seq by analyzing 200,000 cells in immune cells and cell lines, focusing on transcription factors regulating the response of dendritic cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Perturb-seq accurately identifies individual gene targets, gene signatures, and cell states affected by individual perturbations and their genetic interactions. We posit new functions for regulators of differentiation, the anti-viral response, and mitochondrial function during immune activation. By decomposing many high content measurements into the effects of perturbations, their interactions, and diverse cell metadata, Perturb-seq dramatically increases the scope of pooled genomic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atray Dixit
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oren Parnas
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Biyu Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jenny Chen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charles P Fulco
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Nemanja D Marjanovic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tyler Burks
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Britt Adamson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Thomas M Norman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric S Lander
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, Center for RNA Systems Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Nir Friedman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; School of Engineering and Computer Science and Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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207
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Fernández-Verdejo R, Vanwynsberghe AM, Essaghir A, Demoulin JB, Hai T, Deldicque L, Francaux M. Activating transcription factor 3 attenuates chemokine and cytokine expression in mouse skeletal muscle after exercise and facilitates molecular adaptation to endurance training. FASEB J 2016; 31:840-851. [PMID: 27856557 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 regulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in several tissues under pathological contexts. In skeletal muscle, atf3 expression increases after exercise, but its target genes remain unknown. We aimed to identify those genes and to determine the influence of ATF3 on muscle adaptation to training. Skeletal muscles of ATF3-knockout (ATF3-KO) and control mice were analyzed at rest, after exercise, and after training. In resting muscles, there was no difference between genotypes in enzymatic activities or fiber type. After exercise, a microarray analysis in quadriceps revealed ATF3 affects genes modulating chemotaxis and chemokine/cytokine activity. Quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA levels of chemokine C-C motif ligand (ccl)8 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (cxcl)13 were higher in quadriceps of ATF3-KO mice than in control mice. The same was observed for ccl9 and cxcl13 in soleus. Also in soleus, ccl2, interleukin (il)6, il1β, and cluster of differentiation (cd)68 mRNA levels increased after exercise only in ATF3-KO mice. Endurance training increased the basal mRNA level of hexokinase-2, hormone sensitive lipase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and myosin heavy chain IIa in quadriceps of control mice but not in ATF3-KO mice. In summary, ATF3 attenuates the expression of inflammation-related genes after exercise and thus facilitates molecular adaptation to training.-Fernández-Verdejo, R., Vanwynsberghe, A. M., Essaghir, A., Demoulin, J.-B., Hai, T., Deldicque, L., Francaux, M. Activating transcription factor 3 attenuates chemokine and cytokine expression in mouse skeletal muscle after exercise and facilitates molecular adaptation to endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline M Vanwynsberghe
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Essaghir
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
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208
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Kalfon R, Koren L, Aviram S, Schwartz O, Hai T, Aronheim A. ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes preserves homeostasis in the heart and controls peripheral glucose tolerance. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 113:134-146. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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209
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Ramsey SA. An Empirical Prior Improves Accuracy for Bayesian Estimation of Transcription Factor Binding Site Frequencies within Gene Promoters. Bioinform Biol Insights 2016; 9:59-69. [PMID: 27812284 PMCID: PMC5081247 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s29330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A Bayesian method for sampling from the distribution of matches to a precompiled transcription factor binding site (TFBS) sequence pattern (conditioned on an observed nucleotide sequence and the sequence pattern) is described. The method takes a position frequency matrix as input for a set of representative binding sites for a transcription factor and two sets of noncoding, 5′ regulatory sequences for gene sets that are to be compared. An empirical prior on the frequency A (per base pair of gene-vicinal, noncoding DNA) of TFBSs is developed using data from the ENCODE project and incorporated into the method. In addition, a probabilistic model for binding site occurrences conditioned on λ is developed analytically, taking into account the finite-width effects of binding sites. The count of TFBS β (conditioned on the observed sequence) is sampled using Metropolis–Hastings with an information entropy-based move generator. The derivation of the method is presented in a step-by-step fashion, starting from specific conditional independence assumptions. Empirical results show that the newly proposed prior on β improves accuracy for estimating the number of TFBS within a set of promoter sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.; School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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210
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Lim R, Barker G, Liong S, Nguyen-Ngo C, Tong S, Kaitu'u-Lino T, Lappas M. ATF3 is a negative regulator of inflammation in human fetal membranes. Placenta 2016; 47:63-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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211
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Lan JF, Zhao LJ, Wei S, Wang Y, Lin L, Li XC. PcToll2 positively regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides by promoting PcATF4 translocation into the nucleus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 58:59-66. [PMID: 27623341 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila Toll and mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved immune receptors that play a crucial role in the first-line defense against intruded pathogens. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/CREB transcription factor family, is an important factor that participates in TLR signaling and other physiological processes. However, in crustaceans, whether ATF4 homologs were involved in TLR signaling remains unclear. In the current study, we identified a Toll homolog PcToll2 and a novel ATF4 homolog PcATF4 from Procambarus clarkii, and analyzed the likely regulatory activity of PcATF4 in PcToll2 signaling. The complete cDNA sequence of PcToll2 was 4175 bp long containing an open reading frame of 2820 bp encoding a 939-amino acid protein, and the cDNA sequence of PcATF4 was 2027 bp long with an open reading frame of 1296 bp encoding a 431-amino acid protein. PcToll2 and human TLR4 shared the high identity and they were grouped into a cluster. Furthermore, PcToll2 had a close relationship with other shrimp TLRs that possessed potential antibacterial activity. PcToll2 was highly expressed in the hemocytes, heart and gills, while PcATF4 mainly distributed in gills. Upon challenge with Vibrio parahemolyticus, PcToll2 and PcATF4 together with the antimicrobial peptides of ALF1 and ALF2 were significantly up-regulated in the hemocytes, and the PcATF4 was translocated into the nucleus. After PcToll2 silencing and challenge with Vibrio, the translocation of PcATF4 into the nucleus was inhibited and the expression of ALF1 and ALF2 was reduced, but the expression of PcDorsal and PcSTAT was not affected. Furthermore, after PcATF4 knockdown and challenge with or without Vibrio, the expression of ALF1 and ALF2 was also decreased while the expression of PcToll2 was upregulated. These results suggested that PcToll2 might regulate the expression of ALF1 and ALF2 by promoting the import of PcATF4, instead of the routine transcription factor PcDorsal, into the nucleus participating in the immune defense against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Feng Lan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Shun Wei
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 200090, China.
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212
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Activated Transcription Factor 3 in Association with Histone Deacetylase 6 Negatively Regulates MicroRNA 199a2 Transcription by Chromatin Remodeling and Reduces Endothelin-1 Expression. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:2838-2854. [PMID: 27573019 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00345-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that high levels of placenta growth factor (PlGF) correlated with increased plasma levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor, in sickle cell disease (SCD). PlGF-mediated transcription of the ET-1 gene occurs by activation of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and posttranscriptionally by microRNA 199a2 (miR-199a2), which targets the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of HIF-1α mRNA. However, relatively less is known about how PlGF represses the expression of miR-199a2 located in the DNM3 opposite strand (DNM3os) transcription unit. Here, we show that PlGF induces the expression of activated transcription factor 3 (ATF3), which, in association with accessory proteins (c-Jun dimerization protein 2 [JDP2], ATF2, and histone deacetylase 6 [HDAC6]), as determined by proteomic analysis, binds to the DNM3os promoter. Furthermore, we show that association of HDAC6 with ATF3 at its binding site in this promoter was correlated with repression of miR-199a2 transcription, as shown by DNM3os transcription reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Tubacin, an inhibitor of HDAC6, antagonized PlGF-mediated repression of DNM3os/pre-miR-199a2 transcription with a concomitant reduction in ET-1 levels in cultured endothelial cells. Analysis of lung tissues from Berkeley sickle (BK-SS) mice showed increased levels of ATF3 and increased expression of ET-1. Delivery of tubacin to BK-SS mice significantly attenuated plasma ET-1 and PlGF levels. Our studies demonstrated that ATF3 in conjunction with HDAC6 acts as a transcriptional repressor of the DNM3os/miR-199a2 locus.
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213
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A time-resolved molecular map of the macrophage response to VSV infection. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2016; 2:16027. [PMID: 28725479 PMCID: PMC5516859 DOI: 10.1038/npjsba.2016.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the relationship between virus infection and cellular response is paradigmatic for our understanding of how perturbation changes biological systems. Immune response, in this context is a complex yet evolutionarily adapted and robust cellular change, and is experimentally amenable to molecular analysis. To visualize the full cellular response to virus infection, we performed temporal transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analysis of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-infected mouse macrophages. This enabled the understanding of how infection-induced changes in host gene and protein expression are coordinated with post-translational modifications by cells in time to best measure and control the infection process. The vast and complex molecular changes measured could be decomposed in a limited number of clusters within each category (transcripts, proteins, and protein phosphorylation) each with own kinetic parameter and characteristic pathways/processes, suggesting multiple regulatory options in the overall sensing and homeostatic program. Altogether, the data underscored a prevalent executive function to phosphorylation. Resolution of the molecular events affecting the RIG-I pathway, central to viral recognition, reveals that phosphorylation of the key innate immunity adaptor mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) on S328/S330 is necessary for activation of type-I interferon and nuclear factor κ B (NFκB) pathways. To further understand the hierarchical relationships, we analyzed kinase–substrate relationships and found RAF1 and, to a lesser extent, ARAF to be inhibiting VSV replication and necessary for NFκB activation, and AKT2, but not AKT1, to be supporting VSV replication. Integrated analysis using the omics data revealed co-regulation of transmembrane transporters including SLC7A11, which was subsequently validated as a host factor in the VSV replication. The data sets are predicted to greatly empower future studies on the functional organization of the response of macrophages to viral challenges.
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214
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Kado S, Chang WLW, Chi AN, Wolny M, Shepherd DM, Vogel CFA. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling modifies Toll-like receptor-regulated responses in human dendritic cells. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2209-2221. [PMID: 27783115 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is not well understood how ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) modify inflammatory responses triggered by Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists in human dendritic cells (DCs). Here, we show that AhR ligands 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the tryptophan derivatives 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ), kynurenine (kyn), and the natural dietary compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) differentially modify cytokine expression in human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs). The results show that TLR-activated MoDCs express higher levels of AhR and are more sensitive toward the effects of AhR ligands. Depending on the cytokine, treatment with AhR ligands led to a synergistic or antagonistic effect of the TLR-triggered response in MoDCs. Thus, activation of AhR increased the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, but decreased the expression of IL-12A in TLR-activated MoDCs. Furthermore, TCDD and FICZ may have opposite effects on the expression of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) in TLR8-activated MoDCs indicating that the effect of the specific AhR ligand may depend on the presence of the specific TLR agonist. Gene silencing showed that synergistic effects of AhR ligands on TLR-induced expression of IL-1β require a functional AhR and the expression of NF-κB RelB. On the other hand, repression of IL-12A by TCDD and FICZ involved the induction of the caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) transcription factor. Additionally, the levels of DC surface markers were decreased in MoDCs by TCDD, FICZ and I3C, but not by kyn. Overall, these data demonstrate that AhR modulates TLR-induced expression of cytokines and DC-specific surface markers in MoDCs involving NFκB RelB and the immune regulatory factor CDX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kado
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - W L William Chang
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Aimy Nguyen Chi
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monika Wolny
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - David M Shepherd
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Christoph F A Vogel
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA. .,Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Clément M, Basatemur G, Masters L, Baker L, Bruneval P, Iwawaki T, Kneilling M, Yamasaki S, Goodall J, Mallat Z. Necrotic Cell Sensor Clec4e Promotes a Proatherogenic Macrophage Phenotype Through Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response. Circulation 2016; 134:1039-1051. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Atherosclerotic lesion expansion is characterized by the development of a lipid-rich necrotic core known to be associated with the occurrence of complications. Abnormal lipid handling, inflammation, and alteration of cell survival or proliferation contribute to necrotic core formation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are not properly understood. C-type lectin receptor 4e (Clec4e) recognizes the cord factor of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
but also senses molecular patterns released by necrotic cells and drives inflammation.
Methods:
We hypothesized that activation of Clec4e signaling by necrosis is causally involved in atherogenesis. We addressed the impact of Clec4e activation on macrophage functions in vitro and on the development of atherosclerosis using low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (
Ldlr
−/−
) mice in vivo.
Results:
We show that Clec4e is expressed within human and mouse atherosclerotic lesions and is activated by necrotic lesion extracts. Clec4e signaling in macrophages inhibits cholesterol efflux and induces a Syk-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress response, leading to the induction of proinflammatory mediators and growth factors.
Chop
and
Ire1a
deficiencies significantly limit Clec4e-dependent effects, whereas
Atf3
deficiency aggravates Clec4e-mediated inflammation and alteration of cholesterol efflux. Repopulation of
Ldlr
−/−
mice with
Clec4e
−/−
bone marrow reduces lipid accumulation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and macrophage inflammation and proliferation within the developing arterial lesions and significantly limits atherosclerosis.
Conclusions:
Our results identify a nonredundant role for Clec4e in coordinating major biological pathways involved in atherosclerosis and suggest that it may play similar roles in other chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Clément
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Gemma Basatemur
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Leanne Masters
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Lauren Baker
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Jane Goodall
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
| | - Ziad Mallat
- From Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK (M.C., G.B., L.M., L.B., J.G., Z.M.); Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Paris, France (P.B., Z.M.); Iwawaki Laboratory, Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan (T.I.); Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center and Department of Dermatology (M.K.), Eberhard Karls
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216
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HDL inhibits saturated fatty acid mediated augmentation of innate immune responses in endothelial cells by a novel pathway. Atherosclerosis 2016; 259:83-96. [PMID: 28340361 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Peripheral insulin resistance is associated with several metabolic abnormalities, including elevated serum fatty acids that contribute to vascular injury and atherogenesis. Our goals were to examine whether saturated fatty acids can modify innate immune responses to subclinical concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in endothelial cells, and to explore the underlying pathway and determine whether it is modified by high density lipoprotein (HDL) and other factors commonly altered in insulin resistance. METHODS Physiologic concentrations of palmitic acid were added to human aortic endothelial cells with and without a variety of inhibitors or HDL and measures of cell inflammation and function assessed. RESULTS Palmitic acid significantly amplified human aortic endothelial cell inflammatory responses to LPS. Similar results were obtained from lipolysis products of triglyceride rich lipoproteins. Metabolism of palmitic acid to ceramide and subsequent activation of PKC-ζ, MAPK and ATF3 appeared critical in amplifying LPS induced inflammation. The amplified response to palmitic acid/LPS was decreased by HDL, dose dependently, and this inhibition was dependent on activation of PI3K/AKT and reduction in ATF3. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that endothelial cell innate immune responses are modified by metabolic abnormalities commonly present in insulin resistance and provide evidence for a novel mechanism by which HDL may reduce vascular inflammation.
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217
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González-Guerrero C, Cannata-Ortiz P, Guerri C, Egido J, Ortiz A, Ramos AM. TLR4-mediated inflammation is a key pathogenic event leading to kidney damage and fibrosis in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:1925-1939. [PMID: 27585667 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) successfully prevents allograft rejection, but nephrotoxicity is still a dose-limiting adverse effect. TLR4 activation promotes kidney damage but whether this innate immunity receptor mediates CsA nephrotoxicity is unknown. The in vivo role of TLR4 during CsA nephrotoxicity was studied in mice co-treated with CsA and the TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 and also in TLR4-/- mice. CsA-induced renal TLR4 expression in wild-type mice. Pharmacological or genetic targeting of TLR4 reduced the activation of proinflammatory signaling, including JNK/c-jun, JAK2/STAT3, IRE1α and NF-κB and the expression of Fn14. Expression of proinflammatory factors and cytokines was also decreased, and kidney monocyte and lymphocyte influx was prevented. TLR4 inhibition also reduced tubular damage and drastically prevented the development of kidney fibrosis. In vivo and in vitro CsA promoted secretion of the TLR ligand HMGB1 by tubular cells upstream of TLR4 activation, and prevention of HMGB1 secretion significantly reduced CsA-induced synthesis of MCP-1, suggesting that HMGB1 may be one of the mediators of CsA-induced TLR4 activation. These results suggest that TLR4 is a potential pharmacological target in CsA nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian González-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cannata-Ortiz
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián M Ramos
- Laboratory of Nephrology and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain. .,REDINREN, Madrid, Spain. .,Laboratorio de Patología Renal y Vascular (Investigación, 4° planta), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. Reyes Católicos N°2, CP28040, Madrid, Spain.
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218
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Liu YF, Wei JY, Shi MH, Jiang H, Zhou J. Glucocorticoid Induces Hepatic Steatosis by Inhibiting Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3)/S100A9 Protein Signaling in Granulocytic Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21771-21785. [PMID: 27573240 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.726364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) used as inflammation suppressors have harmful side effects, including induction of hepatic steatosis. The underlying mechanisms of GC-promoted dysregulation of lipid metabolism, however, are not fully understood. GCs could facilitate the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the liver of animals, and the potential role of MDSCs in GC-induced hepatic steatosis was therefore investigated in this study. We demonstrated that granulocytic (G)-MDSC accumulation mediated the effects of GCs on the fatty liver, in which activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)/S100A9 signaling plays an important role. ATF3-deficient mice developed hepatic steatosis and displayed expansion of G-MDSCs in the liver and multiple immune organs, which shared high similarity with the phenotype observed in GC-treated wild-type littermates. Adoptive transfer of GC-induced or ATF3-deficient G-MDSCs promoted lipid accumulation in the liver, whereas depletion of G-MDSCs alleviated these effects. Mechanistic studies showed that in MDSCs, ATF3 was transrepressed by the GC receptor GR through direct binding to the negative GR-response element. S100A9 is the major transcriptional target of ATF3 in G-MDSCs. Silencing S100A9 clearly alleviated G-MDSCs expansion and hepatic steatosis caused by ATF3 deficiency or GC treatment. Our study uncovers an important role of G-MDSCs in GC-induced hepatic steatosis, in which ATF3 may have potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liu
- From the Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, 9th Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou 510623, and.,Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080.,the Department of Hematology Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9th Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jian-Yang Wei
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Mao-Hua Shi
- Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080
| | - Hua Jiang
- From the Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, 9th Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou 510623, and.,the Department of Hematology Oncology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 9th Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- From the Program in Immunology, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, 9th Jin Sui Road, Guangzhou 510623, and .,Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-Sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080.,the Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-Sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou 510080, and
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219
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Didichenko SA, Navdaev AV, Cukier AMO, Gille A, Schuetz P, Spycher MO, Thérond P, Chapman MJ, Kontush A, Wright SD. Enhanced HDL Functionality in Small HDL Species Produced Upon Remodeling of HDL by Reconstituted HDL, CSL112: Effects on Cholesterol Efflux, Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Activity. Circ Res 2016; 119:751-63. [PMID: 27436846 PMCID: PMC5006797 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: CSL112, human apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) reconstituted with phosphatidylcholine, is known to cause a dramatic rise in small high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Objective: To explore the mechanisms by which the formation of small HDL particles is induced by CSL112. Methods and Results: Infusion of CSL112 into humans caused elevation of 2 small diameter HDL fractions and 1 large diameter fraction. Ex vivo studies showed that this remodeling does not depend on lipid transfer proteins or lipases. Rather, interaction of CSL112 with purified HDL spontaneously gave rise to 3 HDL species: a large, spherical species composed of apoA-I from native HDL and CSL112; a small, disc-shaped species composed of apoA-I from CSL112, but smaller because of the loss of phospholipids; and the smallest species, lipid-poor apoA-I composed of apoA-I from HDL and CSL112. Time-course studies suggest that remodeling occurs by an initial fusion of CSL112 with HDL and subsequent fission leading to the smaller forms. Functional studies showed that ATP-binding cassette transporter 1–dependent cholesterol efflux and anti-inflammatory effects in whole blood were carried by the 2 small species with little activity in the large species. In contrast, the ability to inactivate lipid hydroperoxides in oxidized low-density lipoprotein was carried predominantly by the 2 largest species and was low in lipid-poor apoA-I. Conclusions: We have described a mechanism for the formation of small, highly functional HDL species involving spontaneous fusion of discoidal HDL with spherical HDL and subsequent fission. Similar remodeling is likely to occur during the life cycle of apoA-I in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Didichenko
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Alexei V Navdaev
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Alexandre M O Cukier
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Andreas Gille
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Patrick Schuetz
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Martin O Spycher
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Patrice Thérond
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - M John Chapman
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Anatol Kontush
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.)
| | - Samuel D Wright
- From the CSL Behring AG, Berne, Switzerland (S.A.D., A.V.N., P.S., M.O.S.); National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); University of Pierre and Marie Curie - Paris 6, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); Pitié - Salpétrière University Hospital; ICAN, Paris, France (A.M.O.C., M.J.C., A.K.); CSL Limited, Parkville, VIC, Australia (A.G.); AP-HP, HUPS Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (P.T.); and CSL Behring, King of Prussia, PA (S.D.W.).
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220
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Kim SY, Lim EJ, Yoon YS, Ahn YH, Park EM, Kim HS, Kang JL. Liver X receptor and STAT1 cooperate downstream of Gas6/Mer to induce anti-inflammatory arginase 2 expression in macrophages. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29673. [PMID: 27406916 PMCID: PMC4942780 DOI: 10.1038/srep29673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mer signaling increases the transcriptional activity of liver X receptor (LXR) to promote the resolution of acute sterile inflammation. Here, we aimed to understand the pathway downstream of Mer signaling after growth arrest-specific protein 6 (Gas6) treatment that leads to LXR expression and transcriptional activity in mouse bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Gas6-induced increases in LXRα and LXRβ and expression of their target genes were inhibited in BMDM from STAT1−/− mice or by the STAT1-specific inhibitor fludarabine. Gas6-induced STAT1 phosphorylation, LXR activation, and LXR target gene expression were inhibited in BMDM from Mer−/− mice or by inhibition of PI3K or Akt. Gas6-induced Akt phosphorylation was inhibited in BMDM from STAT1−/− mice or in the presence of fludarabine. Gas6-induced LXR activity was enhanced through an interaction between LXRα and STAT1 on the DNA promoter of Arg2. Additionally, we found that Gas6 inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a STAT1 and LXR pathway-dependent manner in BMDM. Additionally, Mer-neutralizing antibody reduced LXR and Arg2 expression in lung tissue and enhanced NO production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Our data suggest the possibility that the Gas6-Mer-PI3K/Akt-STAT1-LXR-Arg2 pathway plays an essential role for resolving inflammatory response in acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Lim
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Young-So Yoon
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
| | - Jihee Lee Kang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea.,Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 158-710, Korea
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221
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Bae YA, Cheon HG. Activating transcription factor-3 induction is involved in the anti-inflammatory action of berberine in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:415-24. [PMID: 27382358 PMCID: PMC4930910 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.4.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid found in Rhizoma coptidis, and elicits anti-inflammatory effects through diverse mechanisms. Based on previous reports that activating transcription factor-3 (ATF-3) acts as a negative regulator of LPS signaling, the authors investigated the possible involvement of ATF-3 in the anti-inflammatory effects of berberine. It was found berberine concentration-dependently induced the expressions of ATF-3 at the mRNA and protein levels and concomitantly suppressed the LPS-induced productions of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). In addition, ATF-3 knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of berberine on LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine production, and prevented the berberine-induced suppression of MAPK phosphorylation, but had little effect on AMPK phosphorylation. On the other hand, the effects of berberine, that is, ATF-3 induction, proinflammatory cytokine inhibition, and MAPK inactivation, were prevented by AMPK knockdown, suggesting ATF-3 induction occurs downstream of AMPK activation. The in vivo administration of berberine to mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia increased ATF-3 expression and AMPK phosphorylation in spleen and lung tissues, and concomitantly reduced the plasma and tissue levels of proinflammatory cytokines. These results suggest berberine has an anti-inflammatory effect on macrophages and that this effect is attributable, at least in part, to pathways involving AMPK activation and ATF-3 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-An Bae
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Hyae Gyeong Cheon
- Department of Pharmacology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea
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222
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Iezaki T, Ozaki K, Fukasawa K, Inoue M, Kitajima S, Muneta T, Takeda S, Fujita H, Onishi Y, Horie T, Yoneda Y, Takarada T, Hinoi E. ATF3 deficiency in chondrocytes alleviates osteoarthritis development. J Pathol 2016; 239:426-37. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Iezaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Kakeru Ozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Kazuya Fukasawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Makoto Inoue
- Department of Biochemical Genetics; Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shigetaka Kitajima
- Department of Biochemical Genetics; Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Takeshi Muneta
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine; Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Medical and Dental University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology; Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Yuki Onishi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Horie
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Yukio Yoneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Takeshi Takarada
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa Ishikawa Japan
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223
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Benard EL, Rougeot J, Racz PI, Spaink HP, Meijer AH. Transcriptomic Approaches in the Zebrafish Model for Tuberculosis-Insights Into Host- and Pathogen-specific Determinants of the Innate Immune Response. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2016; 95:217-51. [PMID: 27503359 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium marinum infection in zebrafish has become a well-established model of tuberculosis. Both embryonic and adult zebrafish infection studies have contributed to our knowledge of the development and function of tuberculous granulomas, which are typical of mycobacterial pathogenesis. In this review we discuss how transcriptome profiling studies have helped to characterize this infection process. We illustrate this using new RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data that reveals three main phases in the host response to M. marinum during the early stages of granuloma development in zebrafish embryos and larvae. The early phase shows induction of complement and transcription factors, followed by a relatively minor induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines within hours following phagocytosis of M. marinum. A minimal response is observed in the mid-phase, between 6 hours and 1day post infection, when the tissue dissemination of M. marinum begins. During subsequent larval development the granulomas expand and a late-phase response is apparent, which is characterized by progressively increasing induction of complement, transcription factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and other defense and inflammation-related gene groups. This late-phase response shares common components with the strong and acute host transcriptome response that has previously been reported for Salmonella typhimurium infection in zebrafish embryos. In contrast, the early/mid-phase response to M. marinum infection, characterized by suppressed pro-inflammatory signaling, is strikingly different from the acute response to S. typhimurium infection. Furthermore, M. marinum infection shows a collective and strongly fluctuating regulation of lipoproteins, while S. typhimurium infection has pronounced effects on amino acid metabolism and glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Benard
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Rougeot
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P I Racz
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H P Spaink
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A H Meijer
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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224
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Zhao J, Li X, Guo M, Yu J, Yan C. The common stress responsive transcription factor ATF3 binds genomic sites enriched with p300 and H3K27ac for transcriptional regulation. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:335. [PMID: 27146783 PMCID: PMC4857411 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the common stress responsive transcription factor ATF3 has been causally linked to many important human diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, infections, and hypospadias. Although it is believed that the ATF3 transcription activity is central to its cellular functions, how ATF3 regulates gene expression remains largely unknown. Here, we employed ATF3 wild-type and knockout isogenic cell lines to carry out the first comprehensive analysis of global ATF3-binding profiles in the human genome under basal and stressed (DNA damage) conditions. Results Although expressed at a low basal level, ATF3 was found to bind a large number of genomic sites that are often associated with genes involved in cellular stress responses. Interestingly, ATF3 appears to bind a large portion of genomic sites distal to transcription start sites and enriched with p300 and H3K27ac. Global gene expression profiling analysis indicates that genes proximal to these genomic sites were often regulated by ATF3. While DNA damage elicited by camptothecin dramatically altered the ATF3 binding profile, most of the genes regulated by ATF3 upon DNA damage were pre-bound by ATF3 before the stress. Moreover, we demonstrated that ATF3 was co-localized with the major stress responder p53 at genomic sites, thereby collaborating with p53 to regulate p53 target gene expression upon DNA damage. Conclusions These results suggest that ATF3 likely bookmarks genomic sites and interacts with other transcription regulators to control gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2664-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xingyao Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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225
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Sooraj D, Xu D, Cain JE, Gold DP, Williams BRG. Activating Transcription Factor 3 Expression as a Marker of Response to the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Pracinostat. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1726-39. [PMID: 27196751 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improved treatment strategies are required for bladder cancer due to frequent recurrence of low-grade tumors and poor survival rate from high-grade tumors with current therapies. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), approved as single agents for specific lymphomas, have shown promising preclinical results in solid tumors but could benefit from identification of biomarkers for response. Loss of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) expression is a feature of bladder tumor progression and correlates with poor survival. We investigated the utility of measuring ATF3 expression as a marker of response to the HDACi pracinostat in bladder cancer models. Pracinostat treatment of bladder cancer cell lines reactivated the expression of ATF3, correlating with significant alteration in proliferative, migratory, and anchorage-dependent growth capacities. Pracinostat also induced growth arrest at the G0-G1 cell-cycle phase, coincident with the activation of tumor suppressor genes. In mouse xenograft bladder cancer models, pracinostat treatment significantly reduced tumor volumes compared with controls, accompanied by reexpression of ATF3 in nonproliferating cells from early to late stage of therapy and in parallel induced antiangiogenesis and apoptosis. Importantly, cells in which ATF3 expression was depleted were less sensitive to pracinostat treatment in vitro, exhibiting significantly higher proliferative and migratory properties. In vivo, control xenograft tumors were significantly more responsive to treatment than ATF3 knockdown xenografts. Thus, reactivation of ATF3 is an important factor in determining sensitivity to pracinostat treatment, both in vitro and in vivo, and could serve as a potential biomarker of response and provide a rationale for therapeutic utility in HDACi-mediated treatments for bladder cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(7); 1726-39. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Sooraj
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dakang Xu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Bryan R G Williams
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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226
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Aung HH, Altman R, Nyunt T, Kim J, Nuthikattu S, Budamagunta M, Voss JC, Wilson D, Rutledge JC, Villablanca AC. Lipotoxic brain microvascular injury is mediated by activating transcription factor 3-dependent inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:955-68. [PMID: 27087439 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m061853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the cerebrovasculature plays an important role in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Lipotoxic injury of the systemic endothelium in response to hydrolyzed triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs; TGRL lipolysis products) or a high-fat Western diet (WD) suggests similar mechanisms may be present in brain microvascular endothelium. We investigated the hypothesis that TGRL lipolysis products cause lipotoxic injury to brain microvascular endothelium by generating increased mitochondrial superoxide radical generation, upregulation of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3)-dependent inflammatory pathways, and activation of cellular oxidative stress and apoptotic pathways. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells were treated with human TGRL lipolysis products that induced intracellular lipid droplet formation, mitochondrial superoxide generation, ATF3-dependent transcription of proinflammatory, stress response, and oxidative stress genes, as well as activation of proapoptotic cascades. Male apoE knockout mice were fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol WD for 2 months, and brain microvessels were isolated by laser capture microdissection. ATF3 gene transcription was elevated 8-fold in the hippocampus and cerebellar brain region of the WD-fed animals compared with chow-fed control animals. The microvascular injury phenotypes observed in vitro and in vivo were similar. ATF3 plays an important role in mediating brain microvascular responses to acute and chronic lipotoxic injury and may be an important preventative and therapeutic target for endothelial dysfunction in VCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnin Hnin Aung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Robin Altman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Tun Nyunt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | | | - Madhu Budamagunta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - John C Voss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Dennis Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - John C Rutledge
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
| | - Amparo C Villablanca
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine
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227
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Zeidler S, Meckbach C, Tacke R, Raad FS, Roa A, Uchida S, Zimmermann WH, Wingender E, Gültas M. Computational Detection of Stage-Specific Transcription Factor Clusters during Heart Development. Front Genet 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 27047536 PMCID: PMC4804722 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression in living organisms. In higher organisms, TFs often interact in non-random combinations with each other to control gene transcription. Understanding the interactions is key to decipher mechanisms underlying tissue development. The aim of this study was to analyze co-occurring transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) in a time series dataset from a new cell-culture model of human heart muscle development in order to identify common as well as specific co-occurring TFBS pairs in the promoter regions of regulated genes which can be essential to enhance cardiac tissue developmental processes. To this end, we separated available RNAseq dataset into five temporally defined groups: (i) mesoderm induction stage; (ii) early cardiac specification stage; (iii) late cardiac specification stage; (iv) early cardiac maturation stage; (v) late cardiac maturation stage, where each of these stages is characterized by unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To identify TFBS pairs for each stage, we applied the MatrixCatch algorithm, which is a successful method to deduce experimentally described TFBS pairs in the promoters of the DEGs. Although DEGs in each stage are distinct, our results show that the TFBS pair networks predicted by MatrixCatch for all stages are quite similar. Thus, we extend the results of MatrixCatch utilizing a Markov clustering algorithm (MCL) to perform network analysis. Using our extended approach, we are able to separate the TFBS pair networks in several clusters to highlight stage-specific co-occurences between TFBSs. Our approach has revealed clusters that are either common (NFAT or HMGIY clusters) or specific (SMAD or AP-1 clusters) for the individual stages. Several of these clusters are likely to play an important role during the cardiomyogenesis. Further, we have shown that the related TFs of TFBSs in the clusters indicate potential synergistic or antagonistic interactions to switch between different stages. Additionally, our results suggest that cardiomyogenesis follows the hourglass model which was already proven for Arabidopsis and some vertebrates. This investigation helps us to get a better understanding of how each stage of cardiomyogenesis is affected by different combination of TFs. Such knowledge may help to understand basic principles of stem cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zeidler
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Meckbach
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Tacke
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farah S Raad
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Angelica Roa
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edgar Wingender
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University GöttingenGöttingen, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Institute of Bioinformatics, Georg-August-University Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
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228
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Jensen K, Gallagher IJ, Kaliszewska A, Zhang C, Abejide O, Gallagher MP, Werling D, Glass EJ. Live and inactivated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium stimulate similar but distinct transcriptome profiles in bovine macrophages and dendritic cells. Vet Res 2016; 47:46. [PMID: 27000047 PMCID: PMC4802613 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a major cause of gastroenteritis in cattle and humans. Dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (Mø) are major players in early immunity to Salmonella, and their response could influence the course of infection. Therefore, the global transcriptional response of bovine monocyte-derived DC and Mø to stimulation with live and inactivated S. Typhimurium was compared. Both cell types mount a major response 2 h post infection, with a core common response conserved across cell-type and stimuli. However, three of the most affected pathways; inflammatory response, regulation of transcription and regulation of programmed cell death, exhibited cell-type and stimuli-specific differences. The expression of a subset of genes associated with these pathways was investigated further. The inflammatory response was greater in Mø than DC, in the number of genes and the enhanced expression of common genes, e.g., interleukin (IL) 1B and IL6, while the opposite pattern was observed with interferon gamma. Furthermore, a large proportion of the investigated genes exhibited stimuli-specific differential expression, e.g., Mediterranean fever. Two-thirds of the investigated transcription factors were significantly differentially expressed in response to live and inactivated Salmonella. Therefore the transcriptional responses of bovine DC and Mø during early S. Typhimurium infection are similar but distinct, potentially due to the overall function of these cell-types. The differences in response of the host cell will influence down-stream events, thus impacting on the subsequent immune response generated during the course of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Jensen
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Health and Exercise Research Group, University of Stirling, Cottrell Building, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Anna Kaliszewska
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Oluyinka Abejide
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.,Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Maurice P Gallagher
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Dirk Werling
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Elizabeth J Glass
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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229
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Nguyen CT, Luong TT, Lee SY, Kim GL, Pyo S, Rhee DK. ATF3 provides protection fromStaphylococcus aureusandListeria monocytogenesinfections. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2016; 363:fnw062. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnw062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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230
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Soares MP, Hamza I. Macrophages and Iron Metabolism. Immunity 2016; 44:492-504. [PMID: 26982356 PMCID: PMC4794998 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a transition metal that due to its inherent ability to exchange electrons with a variety of molecules is essential to support life. In mammals, iron exists mostly in the form of heme, enclosed within an organic protoporphyrin ring and functioning primarily as a prosthetic group in proteins. Paradoxically, free iron also has the potential to become cytotoxic when electron exchange with oxygen is unrestricted and catalyzes the production of reactive oxygen species. These biological properties demand that iron metabolism is tightly regulated such that iron is available for core biological functions while preventing its cytotoxic effects. Macrophages play a central role in establishing this delicate balance. Here, we review the impact of macrophages on heme-iron metabolism and, reciprocally, how heme-iron modulates macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel P Soares
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Rua da Quinta Grande, 6, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Iqbal Hamza
- Department of Animal & Avian Sciences and Department of Cell Biology & Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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231
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He B, Tan K. Understanding transcriptional regulatory networks using computational models. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 37:101-108. [PMID: 26950762 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) encode instructions for animal development and physiological responses. Recent advances in genomic technologies and computational modeling have revolutionized our ability to construct models of TRNs. Here, we survey current computational methods for inferring TRN models using genome-scale data. We discuss their advantages and limitations. We summarize representative TRNs constructed using genome-scale data in both normal and disease development. We discuss lessons learned about the structure/function relationship of TRNs, based on examining various large-scale TRN models. Finally, we outline some open questions regarding TRNs, including how to improve model accuracy by integrating complementary data types, how to infer condition-specific TRNs, and how to compare TRNs across conditions and species in order to understand their structure/function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kai Tan
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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232
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Bhattacharya A, Hegazy AN, Deigendesch N, Kosack L, Cupovic J, Kandasamy RK, Hildebrandt A, Merkler D, Kühl AA, Vilagos B, Schliehe C, Panse I, Khamina K, Baazim H, Arnold I, Flatz L, Xu HC, Lang PA, Aderem A, Takaoka A, Superti-Furga G, Colinge J, Ludewig B, Löhning M, Bergthaler A. Superoxide Dismutase 1 Protects Hepatocytes from Type I Interferon-Driven Oxidative Damage. Immunity 2016; 43:974-86. [PMID: 26588782 PMCID: PMC4658338 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tissue damage caused by viral hepatitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Using a mouse model of viral hepatitis, we identified virus-induced early transcriptional changes in the redox pathways in the liver, including downregulation of superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1). Sod1(-/-) mice exhibited increased inflammation and aggravated liver damage upon viral infection, which was independent of T and NK cells and could be ameliorated by antioxidant treatment. Type I interferon (IFN-I) led to a downregulation of Sod1 and caused oxidative liver damage in Sod1(-/-) and wild-type mice. Genetic and pharmacological ablation of the IFN-I signaling pathway protected against virus-induced liver damage. These results delineate IFN-I mediated oxidative stress as a key mediator of virus-induced liver damage and describe a mechanism of innate-immunity-driven pathology, linking IFN-I signaling with antioxidant host defense and infection-associated tissue damage. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anannya Bhattacharya
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay Kosack
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jovana Cupovic
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Richard K Kandasamy
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Hildebrandt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuropathology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch Strasse 40, 37099 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Department of Medicine I for Gastroenterology, Infectious Disease and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bojan Vilagos
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Panse
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kseniya Khamina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hatoon Baazim
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabelle Arnold
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, OX3 9DU Oxford, UK
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Haifeng C Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp A Lang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine II, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alan Aderem
- Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, 307 Westlake Avenue North, Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109-5219, USA
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0815, Japan
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstrasse 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Max Löhning
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Bergthaler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14 AKH BT25.3, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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233
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Jung DH, Kim KH, Byeon HE, Park HJ, Park B, Rhee DK, Um SH, Pyo S. Involvement of ATF3 in the negative regulation of iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages. Immunol Res 2016; 62:35-45. [PMID: 25752455 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-associated nitric oxide (NO) production plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage. However, negative factors that regulate NO production remains poorly understood despite its significance of NO homeostasis. Here, we show that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a transcriptional regulator of cellular stress responses, was strongly induced in activated macrophages and its depletion resulted in pronounced enhancement of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression and subsequently the induction of high levels of NO production. In response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-γ, ATF3 inhibited transcriptional activity of NF-κB by interacting with the N-terminal (1-200 amino acids) of p65 and was bound to the NF-κB promoter, leading to suppression of iNOS gene expression. In addition, inhibitory effects of ATF3 on iNOS and NO secretion were suppressed by inhibitor of casein kinase II (CK2) activity or its knockdown. Moreover, the levels of ATF3 were highly elevated in established cecal ligation and puncture or LPS-injected mice, a model of endotoxemia. ATF3 is also elevated in peritoneal macrophages. Collectively, our findings suggest that ATF3 regulates NO homeostasis by associating with NF-κB component, leading to the repression of its transcriptional activity upon inflammatory signals and points to its potential relevance for the control of cell injuries mediated by NO during macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Jung
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeong gi-do, 440-746, Korea
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234
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Macrophages programmed by apoptotic cells inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung alveolar epithelial cells via PGE2, PGD2, and HGF. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20992. [PMID: 26875548 PMCID: PMC4753481 DOI: 10.1038/srep20992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell clearance results in the release of growth factors and the action of signaling molecules involved in tissue homeostasis maintenance. Here, we investigated whether and how macrophages programmed by apoptotic cells inhibit the TGF-β1-induced Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in lung alveolar epithelial cells. Treatment with conditioned medium derived from macrophages exposed to apoptotic cells, but not viable or necrotic cells, inhibited TGF-β1-induced EMT, including loss of E-cadherin, synthesis of N-cadherin and α-smooth muscle actin, and induction of EMT-activating transcription factors, such as Snail1/2, Zeb1/2, and Twist1. Exposure of macrophages to cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitors (NS-398 and COX-2 siRNA) or RhoA/Rho kinase inhibitors (Y-27632 and RhoA siRNA) and LA-4 cells to antagonists of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor (EP4 [AH-23848]), PGD2 receptors (DP1 [BW-A868C] and DP2 [BAY-u3405]), or the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met (PHA-665752), reversed EMT inhibition by the conditioned medium. Additionally, we found that apoptotic cell instillation inhibited bleomycin-mediated EMT in primary mouse alveolar type II epithelial cells in vivo. Our data suggest a new model for epithelial cell homeostasis, by which the anti-EMT programming of macrophages by apoptotic cells may control the progressive fibrotic reaction via the production of potent paracrine EMT inhibitors.
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235
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Zhang ZB, Ruan CC, Chen DR, Zhang K, Yan C, Gao PJ. Activating transcription factor 3 SUMOylation is involved in angiotensin II-induced endothelial cell inflammation and dysfunction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:149-57. [PMID: 26850942 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an adaptive-response protein induced by various environmental stresses and is implicated in the pathogenesis of many disease states. However, the role of ATF3 SUMOylation in hypertension-induced vascular injury remains poorly understood. Here we investigated the function of ATF3 SUMOylation in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The expression of ATF3 and small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO1) was increased in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Microscopic analyses further revealed that the expression of ATF3 and SUMO1 is upregulated and colocalized in the endothelium of thoracic aortas from Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. However, Ang II-induced upregulation of ATF3 and SUMO1 in vitro and in vivo was blocked by Ang II type I receptor antagonist olmesartan. Moreover, Ang II induced ATF3 SUMOylation at lysine 42, which is SUMO1 dependent. ATF3 SUMOylation attenuated ATF3 ubiquitination and in turn promoted ATF3 protein stability. ATF3 or SUMO1 knockdown inhibited Ang II-induced expression of inflammatory molecules such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Wild type ATF3 but not ATF3-K42R (SUMOylation defective mutant) reduced the production of nitric oxide (NO), a key indicator of EC function. Consistently, ginkgolic acid, an inhibitor of SUMOylation, increased NO production in HUVECs and significantly improved vasodilatation of aorta from Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. Our findings demonstrated that ATF3 SUMOylation is involved in Ang II-induced EC inflammation and dysfunction in vitro and in vivo through inhibiting ATF3 ubiquitination and increasing ATF3 protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bei Zhang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Chao Ruan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Rui Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Jin Gao
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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236
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Sun Y, Gao Y, Sun J, Liu X, Ma D, Ma C, Wang Y. Expression profile analysis based on DNA microarray for patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:864-872. [PMID: 26998004 PMCID: PMC4774345 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery is the most effective treatment for coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of OPCAB on the basis of the associated molecular mechanisms. GSE12486 expression profiles downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) were analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted based on the expression profiles of DEGs. Function and pathway enrichment of upregulated DEGs was performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was used for miRNA enrichment analysis based on expression profiles and prediction of their association with the disease. Cytoscape was applied to construct miRNA regulatory networks of DEGs. In total 64 DEGs were identified, including 63 upregulated and 1 downregulated gene. The first principal component in the PCA analysis was able to distinguish between pre- and post-OPCAB samples. Upregulated DEGs mainly enriched 20 Gene Ontology terms, such as chemokine activity, and 5 pathways including the chemokine signaling pathway. The constructed PPI network contained 234 edges and 55 nodes, and 10 upregulated hub nodes, including FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog (FOS), were screened. A total of 36 miRNAs, including MIR-224 and MIR-7, were screened by GSEA enrichment analysis. A miRNA regulatory network including 176 edges and 97 nodes was constructed, showing the regulatory relationships between miRNAs and DEGs. For example, early growth response 2 (EGR2) was regulated by 8 miRNAs including MIR-150, MIR-142-3P, MIR-367 and MIR-224. The identified DEGs might play important roles in patients pre- and post-OPCAB surgery via the regulation of associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jingnan Sun
- Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xuguang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dashi Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chunye Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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237
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Pawar K, Hanisch C, Palma Vera SE, Einspanier R, Sharbati S. Down regulated lncRNA MEG3 eliminates mycobacteria in macrophages via autophagy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19416. [PMID: 26757825 PMCID: PMC4725832 DOI: 10.1038/srep19416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNA play a major part in host response to bacterial agents. However, the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in this context remains unknown. LncRNA regulate gene expression by acting e.g. as transcriptional coactivators, RNA decoys or microRNA sponges. They control development, differentiation and cellular processes such as autophagy in disease conditions. Here, we provide an insight into the role of lncRNA in mycobacterial infections. Human macrophages were infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and lncRNA expression was studied early post infection. For this purpose, lncRNA with known immune related functions were preselected and a lncRNA specific RT-qPCR protocol was established. In addition to expression-based prediction of lncRNA function, we assessed strategies for thorough normalisation of lncRNA. Arrayed quantification showed infection-dependent repression of several lncRNA including MEG3. Pathway analysis linked MEG3 to mTOR and PI3K-AKT signalling pointing to regulation of autophagy. Accordingly, IFN-γ induced autophagy in infected macrophages resulted in sustained MEG3 down regulation and lack of IFN-γ allowed for counter regulation of MEG3 by viable M. bovis BCG. Knockdown of MEG3 in macrophages resulted in induction of autophagy and enhanced eradication of intracellular M. bovis BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Pawar
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos Hanisch
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergio Eliseo Palma Vera
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Soroush Sharbati
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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238
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Welsby I, Goriely S. Regulation of Interleukin-23 Expression in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 941:167-189. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-0921-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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239
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Explanation of Metastasis by Homeostatic Inflammation. INFLAMMATION AND METASTASIS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7153410 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56024-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
If inflammation caused by either non-self or self molecules can disseminate throughout the body and inflammatory sites actively allow entry of circulating tumor cells and assist regrowth, then circulating tumor cells metastasize to the sites of inflammation. However, disrupted sites of homeostatic inflammation do not necessarily guarantee metastatic spread and subsequent regrowth.
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240
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Eiselein L, Nyunt T, Lamé MW, Ng KF, Wilson DW, Rutledge JC, Aung HH. TGRL Lipolysis Products Induce Stress Protein ATF3 via the TGF-β Receptor Pathway in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145523. [PMID: 26709509 PMCID: PMC4699200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested a link between the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling cascade and the stress-inducible activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). We have demonstrated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) lipolysis products activate MAP kinase stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathways resulting in up-regulation of ATF3, pro-inflammatory genes and induction of apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate increased release of active TGF-β at 15 min, phosphorylation of Smad2 and translocation of co-Smad4 from cytosol to nucleus after a 1.5 h treatment with lipolysis products. Activation and translocation of Smad2 and 4 was blocked by addition of SB431542 (10 μM), a specific inhibitor of TGF-β-activin receptor ALKs 4, 5, 7. Both ALK receptor inhibition and anti TGF-β1 antibody prevented lipolysis product induced up-regulation of ATF3 mRNA and protein. ALK inhibition prevented lipolysis product-induced nuclear accumulation of ATF3. ALKs 4, 5, 7 inhibition also prevented phosphorylation of c-Jun and TGRL lipolysis product-induced p53 and caspase-3 protein expression. These findings demonstrate that TGRL lipolysis products cause release of active TGF-β and lipolysis product-induced apoptosis is dependent on TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, signaling through the stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathway is dependent on TGF-β signaling suggesting that TGF-β signaling is necessary for nuclear accumulation of the ATF3/cJun transcription complex and induction of pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Eiselein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Tun Nyunt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Lamé
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Kit F. Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Dennis W. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - John C. Rutledge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Hnin H. Aung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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241
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Yang CJ, Fan ZX, Yang J, Yang J. Activating transcription factor 3: A promising therapeutic target for remission myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:102-3. [PMID: 26292276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
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242
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Tripathi S, Garcia-Sastre A. Antiviral innate immunity through the lens of systems biology. Virus Res 2015; 218:10-7. [PMID: 26657882 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular innate immunity poses the first hurdle against invading viruses in their attempt to establish infection. This antiviral response is manifested with the detection of viral components by the host cell, followed by transduction of antiviral signals, transcription and translation of antiviral effectors and leads to the establishment of an antiviral state. These events occur in a rather branched and interconnected sequence than a linear path. Traditionally, these processes were studied in the context of a single virus and a host component. However, with the advent of rapid and affordable OMICS technologies it has become feasible to address such questions on a global scale. In the discipline of Systems Biology', extensive omics datasets are assimilated using computational tools and mathematical models to acquire deeper understanding of complex biological processes. In this review we have catalogued and discussed the application of Systems Biology approaches in dissecting the antiviral innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
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243
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Dong Z, Liu Y, Duan L, Bekele D, Naidu R. Uncertainties in human health risk assessment of environmental contaminants: A review and perspective. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:120-32. [PMID: 26386465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Addressing uncertainties in human health risk assessment is a critical issue when evaluating the effects of contaminants on public health. A range of uncertainties exist through the source-to-outcome continuum, including exposure assessment, hazard and risk characterisation. While various strategies have been applied to characterising uncertainty, classical approaches largely rely on how to maximise the available resources. Expert judgement, defaults and tools for characterising quantitative uncertainty attempt to fill the gap between data and regulation requirements. The experiences of researching 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) illustrated uncertainty sources and how to maximise available information to determine uncertainties, and thereby provide an 'adequate' protection to contaminant exposure. As regulatory requirements and recurring issues increase, the assessment of complex scenarios involving a large number of chemicals requires more sophisticated tools. Recent advances in exposure and toxicology science provide a large data set for environmental contaminants and public health. In particular, biomonitoring information, in vitro data streams and computational toxicology are the crucial factors in the NexGen risk assessment, as well as uncertainties minimisation. Although in this review we cannot yet predict how the exposure science and modern toxicology will develop in the long-term, current techniques from emerging science can be integrated to improve decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Dong
- The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Yanju Liu
- The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Luchun Duan
- The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Dawit Bekele
- The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Ravi Naidu
- The Faculty of Science and Information Technology, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
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244
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Yang CJ, Yang J, Fan ZX, Yang J. Activating transcription factor 3--an endogenous inhibitor of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:9-12. [PMID: 26548643 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart diseases, particularly acute coronary syndrome, have increased in morbidity and mortality in recent decades. Percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and thrombolytic agents are effective strategies to rescue the infarcted myocardium. In addition to acute myocardial infarction, the resulting myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion injury (MIRI) leads to serious secondary injury of the heart. Studies have demonstrated that activating transcription factor (ATF)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding family member ATF3 had a negative regulatory role in IRI, particularly in the kidney, cerebrum and liver. The present review expounded the expression characteristics of ATF3 and its protective effects against MIRI, providing a theoretical basis for the overexpression of ATF3 in the myocardium as a promising gene-therapeutic strategy for MIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, Yichang, Hubei 443000, P.R. China
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245
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Lin MY, de Zoete MR, van Putten JPM, Strijbis K. Redirection of Epithelial Immune Responses by Short-Chain Fatty Acids through Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:554. [PMID: 26579129 PMCID: PMC4630660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of microbial fermentation that are important for intestinal epithelial health. Here, we describe that SCFAs have rapid and reversible effects on toll-like receptor (TLR) responses in epithelial cells. Incubation of HEK293 or HeLa epithelial cells with the SCFAs butyrate or propionate at physiological concentrations enhanced NF-κB activation induced by TLR5, TLR2/1, TLR4, and TLR9 agonists. NF-κB activation in response to tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was also increased by SCFAs. Comparative transcript analysis of HT-29 colon epithelial cells revealed that SCFAs enhanced TLR5-induced transcription of TNFα but dampened or even abolished the TLR5-mediated induction of IL-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1. SCFAs are known inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Butyrate or propionate caused a rapid increase in histone acetylation in epithelial cells, similar to the small molecule HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). TSA also mimicked the effects of SCFAs on TLR–NF-κB responses. This study shows that bacterial SCFAs rapidly alter the epigenetic state of host cells resulting in redirection of the innate immune response and selective reprograming of cytokine/chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Young Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Jos P M van Putten
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University , Utrecht , Netherlands
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246
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Wang Z, Kim J, Teng Y, Ding HF, Zhang J, Hai T, Cowell JK, Yan C. Loss of ATF3 promotes hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis and the emergence of CK5(+)CK8(+) epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:3555-64. [PMID: 26522727 PMCID: PMC4853303 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sex hormones can induce prostate carcinogenesis, and are thought to contribute to the development of prostate cancer during aging. However, the mechanism for hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis remains elusive. Here we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) – a broad stress sensor – suppressed hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis in mice. While implantation of testosterone and estradiol (T+E2) pellets for 2 months in wild-type mice rarely induced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in dorsal prostates (1 out of 8 mice), loss of ATF3 led to the appearance of not only PIN but also invasive lesions in almost all examined animals. The enhanced carcinogenic effects of hormones on ATF3-deficient prostates did not appear to be caused by a change in estrogen signaling, but were more likely a consequence of elevated androgen signaling that stimulated differentiation of prostatic basal cells into transformation-preferable luminal cells. Indeed, we found that hormone-induced lesions in ATF3-knockout mice often contained cells with both basal and luminal characteristics, such as p63+ cells (a basal cell marker) showing luminal-like morphology, or cells double-stained with basal (CK5+) and luminal (CK8+) markers. Consistent with these findings, low ATF3 expression was found to be a poor prognostic marker for prostate cancer in a cohort of 245 patients. Our results thus support that ATF3 is a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Teng
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H-F Ding
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J K Cowell
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - C Yan
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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247
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Gene/environment interactions in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity: New insights on the role of Toll-like receptors. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:971-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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248
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Schultze JL. Reprogramming of macrophages--new opportunities for therapeutic targeting. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 26:10-5. [PMID: 26426255 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key players of tissue homeostasis and are cells involved in all major human diseases including infections, tumors, western life-style associated diseases and even neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, specifically targeting macrophages seems to be an attractive therapeutic approach, yet such strategies have not been successfully translated to the clinic. An important hallmark of macrophages is their astounding plasticity and their capacity to integrate microenvironmental signals to perform distinct biological functions. Understanding the cellular programming of macrophages during such events will be a fundamental pre-requisite to develop targeted therapeutic approaches in human diseases. Here, I highlight recent findings of how macrophage activation is regulated and how one can envision much more specific approaches of targeting macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany.
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249
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Activating transcription factor 3 represses inflammatory responses by binding to the p65 subunit of NF-κB. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14470. [PMID: 26412238 PMCID: PMC4585983 DOI: 10.1038/srep14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is induced by inflammatory responses, cell death, cytokines, and oxidative stress conditions. ATF3 is a negative regulator in the Toll-like receptor 4 signalling pathway. The principal molecule in this pathway is nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) that translocates into the nucleus to initiate the transcription of inflammatory mediators. However, scarce data are available regarding the interaction of ATF3 and p65, a part of the NF-κB dimer. Therefore, we studied the mechanism of regulation of p65 by ATF3 in RAW 264.7 cells. First, LPS-mediated NF-κB activation was confirmed, and then the direct interaction of ATF3 and p65 was observed through immunoprecipitation (IP). The presence of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) was also detected in the complex. In ATF3 deficient cells, NF-κB activity was up-regulated and HDAC1 was not detected by IP. These observations suggest that p65 is attenuated by ATF3 such that ATF3 recruits HDAC1 to the ATF3/p65 complex and facilitates the deacetylation of p65. Likewise, inflammatory response genes were induced by translocated NF-κB in ATF3-deficient cells. Cumulatively, we uncovered a novel mechanism for the negative regulation of NF-κB by ATF3 via direct interaction with p65.
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250
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Labzin LI, Schmidt SV, Masters SL, Beyer M, Krebs W, Klee K, Stahl R, Lütjohann D, Schultze JL, Latz E, De Nardo D. ATF3 Is a Key Regulator of Macrophage IFN Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4446-55. [PMID: 26416280 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and IFNs downstream of innate immune pathways are critical for mounting an appropriate immune response to microbial infection. However, the expression of these inflammatory mediators is tightly regulated, as uncontrolled production can result in tissue damage and lead to chronic inflammatory conditions and autoimmune diseases. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is an important transcriptional modulator that limits the inflammatory response by controlling the expression of a number of cytokines and chemokines. However, its role in modulating IFN responses remains poorly defined. In this study, we demonstrate that ATF3 expression in macrophages is necessary for governing basal IFN-β expression, as well as the magnitude of IFN-β cytokine production following activation of innate immune receptors. We found that ATF3 acted as a transcriptional repressor and regulated IFN-β via direct binding to a previously unidentified specific regulatory site distal to the Ifnb1 promoter. Additionally, we observed that ATF3 itself is a type I IFN-inducible gene, and that ATF3 further modulates the expression of a subset of inflammatory genes downstream of IFN signaling, suggesting it constitutes a key component of an IFN negative feedback loop. Consistent with this, macrophages deficient in Atf3 showed enhanced viral clearance in lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and vesicular stomatitis virus infection models. Our study therefore demonstrates an important role for ATF3 in modulating IFN responses in macrophages by controlling basal and inducible levels of IFNβ, as well as the expression of genes downstream of IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa I Labzin
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne V Schmidt
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Seth L Masters
- Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marc Beyer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Krebs
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Klee
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Stahl
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605; and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominic De Nardo
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; Inflammation Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;
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