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Slavish DC, Graham-Engeland JE, Smyth JM, Engeland CG. Salivary markers of inflammation in response to acute stress. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 44:253-69. [PMID: 25205395 PMCID: PMC4275319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is burgeoning interest in the ability to detect inflammatory markers in response to stress within naturally occurring social contexts and/or across multiple time points per day within individuals. Salivary collection is a less invasive process than current methods of blood collection and enables intensive naturalistic methodologies, such as those involving extensive repeated measures per day over time. Yet the reliability and validity of saliva-based to blood-based inflammatory biomarkers in response to stress remains unclear. We review and synthesize the published studies that have examined salivary markers of inflammation following exposure to an acute laboratory stressor. Results from each study are reviewed by analyte (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, CRP) and stress type (social-cognitive and exercise-physical), after which methodological issues and limitations are addressed. Although the literature is limited, several inflammatory markers (including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6) have been reliably determined from saliva and have increased significantly in response to stress across multiple studies, with effect sizes ranging from very small to very large. Although CRP from saliva has been associated with CRP in circulating blood more consistently than other biomarkers have been associated with their counterparts in blood, evidence demonstrating it reliably responds to acute stress is absent. Although the current literature is presently too limited to allow broad assertion that inflammatory biomarkers determined from saliva are valuable for examining acute stress responses, this review suggests that specific targets may be valid and highlights specific areas of need for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Jennifer E Graham-Engeland
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- The Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States; College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
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202
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Sun T, Zhang D, Yang Y, Zhang X, Lv C, Fu R, Lv M, Liu W, Chen Y, Liu W, Huang Y, Xue F, Liu X, Zhang L, Li H, Yang R. Interleukin 35 may contribute to the loss of immunological self-tolerance in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Br J Haematol 2015; 169:278-85. [PMID: 25640666 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder. Interleukin-35 (IL35) can suppress T cell proliferation and elicit the development of inducible regulatory T cells (Tregs). Previous studies have shown decreased plasma IL35 levels and dysfunctional T cells in patients with ITP. In this study, we determined whether decreased IL35 levels correlate with T cell dysfunction in ITP patients. Plasma IL35 levels were found to be lower in ITP patients than in healthy controls, were positively correlated with platelet levels and the percentage of peripheral circulating Tregs, and negatively correlated with the levels of T helper-1 cells in ITP patients. We also evaluated the effects of IL35 on cytokines contributing to T cell proliferation. IL35 promoted the secretion of interleukin 10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor-β1 but reduced the levels of interferon-γ and IL17A (also termed IL17). Moreover, IL35 inhibited the proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells but induced the differentiation and proliferation of Tregs in ITP. In summary, IL35 appears to contribute to the loss of immunological self-tolerance in ITP patients by modulating T cells and immunoregulatory cytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Interleukins/blood
- Interleukins/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, Institute of Haematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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203
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Tumor necrosis factor-α promotes survival and phenotypic maturation of poly(I:C)-treated dendritic cells but impairs their Th1 and Th17 polarizing capability. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:633-46. [PMID: 25559144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3 synthetic agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) is a promising agent for dendritic cell (DC)-based anti-tumor vaccines because of its ability to induce a strong maturation of DCs, but such an effect is followed by stimulation of DC apoptosis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α may promote the survival of poly(I:C)-stimulated DCs, but it is not known in detail how this combination affects the maturation and polarization capacity of monocyte-derived (Mo)DCs. METHODS Immature MoDCs, generated from human monocytes, were treated with different concentrations of poly(I:C) combined with TNF-α, and the effect on survival, phenotype, production of cytokines, allostimulatory and Th polarization capacity was assessed after 24 and 48 h. RESULTS We showed that TNF-α inhibited the dose-dependent pro-apoptotic effect of poly(I:C). However, TNF-α also decreased poly(I:C)-induced production of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 by MoDCs, which correlated with their diminished capacity to stimulate cellular proliferation, interferon-γ and IL-17 production by allogeneic CD4(+)T cells in co-culture. Such an effect was more pronounced after 24 h and could not be restored by CD40 ligation. In the presence of CD40L, TNF-α even stimulated IL-10 production and immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 expression by poly(I:C)-matured DCs, which correlated with their increased capacity to induce IL-10 production by CD4(+)T cells. CONCLUSION Even though TNF-α could promote the survival of poly(I:C)-matured MoDCs, it also suppresses key anti-tumor functions of these cells, which could have important implications when considering this, already suggested, protocol for the DC-based anti-tumor therapy.
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204
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Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-35, a recently identified cytokine of the IL-12 family, is a potent immunosuppressive cytokine secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells and the newly reported regulatory B (Breg) cells. IL-35 functions as a crucial immunosuppressive factor in immune-mediated diseases, and the predominant mechanism of suppression is its ability to suppress T cell proliferation and effector functions. The pathogenic processes of the non-cytopathic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection-related liver diseases are immune-mediated, including liver damage and viral control. It has been found that IL-35 is detectable in peripheral CD4(+) T cells in chronic HBV-infected patients, whereas it is undetectable in healthy individuals. There is growing evidence that cytokine-mediated immune responses play a pivotal role in determining the clinical outcome during HBV infection. It is particularly important to investigate the effects of IL-35 in the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infection. In this study, the recent understanding of this issue is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gang Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Laboratory of Liver Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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205
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Köck K, Pan WJ, Gow JM, Horner MJ, Gibbs JP, Colbert A, Goletz TJ, Newhall KJ, Rees WA, Sun Y, Zhang Y, O'Neill JC, Umble-Romero AN, Prokop SP, Krill CD, Som L, Buntich SA, Trimble MW, Tsuji WH, Towne JE. Preclinical development of AMG 139, a human antibody specifically targeting IL-23. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:159-72. [PMID: 25205227 PMCID: PMC4280975 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AMG 139 is a human anti-IL-23 antibody currently in a phase II trial for treating Crohn's disease. To support its clinical development in humans, in vitro assays and in vivo studies were conducted in cynomolgus monkeys to determine the pharmacology, preclinical characteristics and safety of this monoclonal antibody. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The in vitro pharmacology, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics and toxicology of AMG 139, after single or weekly i.v. or s.c. administration for up to 26 weeks, were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys. KEY RESULTS AMG 139 bound with high affinity to both human and cynomolgus monkey IL-23 and specifically neutralized the biological activity of IL-23 without binding or blocking IL-12. After a single dose, linear PK with s.c. bioavailability of 81% and mean half-life of 8.4-13 days were observed. After weekly s.c. dosing for 3 or 6 months, AMG 139 exposure increased approximately dose-proportionally from 30 to 300 mg·kg(-1) and mean accumulation between the first and last dose ranged from 2- to 3.5-fold. Peripheral blood immunophenotyping, T-cell-dependent antigen responses and bone formation markers were not different between AMG 139 and vehicle treatment. No adverse clinical signs, effects on body weight, vital signs, ophthalmic parameters, clinical pathology, ECG, organ weights or histopathology were observed in the monkeys with the highest dose of AMG 139 tested (300 mg·kg(-1) s.c. or i.v.). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The in vitro pharmacology, PK, immunogenicity and safety characteristics of AMG 139 in cynomolgus monkeys support its continued clinical development for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Köck
- Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Amgen Inc., Seattle, WA, USA
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206
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Lee MH, Kachroo P, Pagano PC, Yanagawa J, Wang G, Walser TC, Krysan K, Sharma S, John MS, Dubinett SM, Lee JM. Combination Treatment with Apricoxib and IL-27 Enhances Inhibition of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Lung Cancer Cells through a STAT1 Dominant Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6:468-477. [PMID: 26523208 DOI: 10.4172/1948-5956.1000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathway has been implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of many malignancies, including lung cancer. Apricoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has been described to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human malignancies. The mechanism by which apricoxib may alter the tumor microenvironment by affecting EMT through other important signaling pathways is poorly defined. IL-27 has been shown to have anti-tumor activity and our recent study showed that IL-27 inhibited EMT through a STAT1 dominant pathway. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of apricoxib combined with IL-27 in inhibiting lung carcinogenesis by modulation of EMT through STAT signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot analysis revealed that IL-27 stimulation of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines results in STAT1 and STAT3 activation, decreased Snail protein and mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin and vimentin) and a concomitant increase in expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, β-and γ-catenins), and inhibition of cell migration. The combination of apricoxib and IL-27 resulted in augmentation of STAT1 activation. However, IL-27 mediated STAT3 activation was decreased by the addition of apricoxib. STAT1 siRNA was used to determine the involvement of STAT1 pathway in the enhanced inhibition of EMT and cell migration by the combined IL-27 and apricoxib treatment. Pretreatment of cells with STAT1 siRNA inhibited the effect of combined IL-27 and apricoxib in the activation of STAT1 and STAT3. In addition, the augmented expression of epithelial markers, decreased expression mesenchymal markers, and inhibited cell migration by the combination treatment were also inhibited by STAT1 siRNA, suggesting that the STAT1 pathway is important in the enhanced effect from the combination treatment. CONCLUSION Combined apricoxib and IL-27 has an enhanced effect in inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cell migration in human lung cancer cells through a STAT1 dominant pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Heon Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Thoracic Surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Puja Kachroo
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA ; Division of Thoracic Surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul C Pagano
- Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jane Yanagawa
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Thoracic Surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Wang
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA
| | - Tonya C Walser
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA
| | - Sherven Sharma
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affair Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Maie St John
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA ; Molecular Gene Medicine Laboratory, Veterans Affair Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jay M Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA ; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, USA ; Division of Thoracic Surgery at the David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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207
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Meyers L, Groover CJ, Douglas J, Lee S, Brand D, Levin MC, Gardner LA. A role for Apolipoprotein A-I in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 277:176-85. [PMID: 25468275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A-I), the most abundant component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is an anti-inflammatory molecule, yet its potential role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been fully investigated. In this study, Western blot analyses of human plasma showed differential Apo A-I expression in healthy controls compared to MS patients. Further, primary progressive MS patients had less plasma Apo A-I than other forms of MS. Using experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model for MS, Apo A-I deficient mice exhibited worse clinical disease and more neurodegeneration concurrent with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to wild-type animals. These data suggest that Apo A-I plays a role in the pathogenesis of EAE, a model for MS, creating the possibility for agents that increase Apo A-I levels as potential therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangmin Lee
- Research Service VAMC, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - David Brand
- Research Service VAMC, Memphis, TN 38104, United States
| | - Michael C Levin
- Research Service VAMC, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Lidia A Gardner
- Research Service VAMC, Memphis, TN 38104, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
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208
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Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Abel L, Casanova JL. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: genetic, immunological, and clinical features of inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:454-70. [PMID: 25453225 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria, in otherwise healthy individuals with no overt abnormalities in routine hematological and immunological tests. MSMD designation does not recapitulate all the clinical features, as patients are also prone to salmonellosis, candidiasis and tuberculosis, and more rarely to infections with other intramacrophagic bacteria, fungi, or parasites, and even, perhaps, a few viruses. Since 1996, nine MSMD-causing genes, including seven autosomal (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12RB1, ISG15, and IRF8) and two X-linked (NEMO, and CYBB) genes have been discovered. The high level of allelic heterogeneity has already led to the definition of 18 different disorders. The nine gene products are physiologically related, as all are involved in IFN-γ-dependent immunity. These disorders impair the production of (IL12B, IL12RB1, IRF8, ISG15, NEMO) or the response to (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IRF8, CYBB) IFN-γ. These defects account for only about half the known MSMD cases. Patients with MSMD-causing genetic defects may display other infectious diseases, or even remain asymptomatic. Most of these inborn errors do not show complete clinical penetrance for the case-definition phenotype of MSMD. We review here the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of patients with inborn errors of IFN-γ-dependent immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France, EU.
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
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209
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Xie M, Mustovich AT, Jiang Y, Trudeau JB, Ray A, Ray P, Hu H, Holguin F, Freeman B, Wenzel SE. IL-27 and type 2 immunity in asthmatic patients: association with severity, CXCL9, and signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:386-94. [PMID: 25312760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma (SA) can involve both innate and type 2 cytokine-associated adaptive immunity. Although IL-27 has been reported to potentiate TH1 responses (including the chemokine CXCL9) and suppress TH2 responses, its function in asthmatic patients is unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate IL-27 expression in human asthma alone and in combination with type 2 immunity to determine the relationship to disease severity and CXCL9 expression. We also sought to model these interactions in vitro in human bronchial epithelial cells. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 87 participants were evaluated for IL-27 mRNA and protein alone and in association with epithelial CCL26 (a marker of type 2 activation) in relation to asthma severity and CXCL9 mRNA. Human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface and stimulated with IL-27 (1-100 ng/mL) with or without IL-13 (1 ng/mL) were evaluated for CXCL9 expression by using quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Phosphorylated and total signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 were detected by means of Western blotting. Small interfering RNA knockdown of STAT1 or STAT3 was performed. RESULTS Bronchoalveolar lavage cell IL-27 mRNA and protein levels were increased in asthmatic patients. Patients with evidence for type 2 pathway activation had higher IL-27 expression (P = .02). Combined IL-27 and CCL26 expression associated with more SA and higher CXCL9 expression (P = .004 and P = .007 respectively), whereas IL-27 alone was associated with milder disease. In vitro IL-13 augmented IL-27-induced CXCL9 expression, which appeared to be due to augmented STAT1 activation and reduced STAT3 activation. CONCLUSIONS IL-27, in combination with a type 2/CCL26 signature, identifies a more SA phenotype, perhaps through combined effects of IL-27 and IL-13 on STAT signaling. Understanding these interactions could lead to new targets for asthma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Anthony T Mustovich
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Yi Jiang
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - John B Trudeau
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Anuradha Ray
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Prabir Ray
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Haizhen Hu
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Fernando Holguin
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Bruce Freeman
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute@UPMC, Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.
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210
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Ashrafi Hafez A, Ahmadi Vasmehjani A, Baharlou R, Mousavi Nasab SD, Davami MH, Najafi A, Joharinia N, Rezanezhad H, Ahmadi NA, Imanzad M. Analytical assessment of interleukin - 23 and -27 cytokines in healthy people and patients with hepatitis C virus infection (genotypes 1 and 3a). HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e21000. [PMID: 25386199 PMCID: PMC4221962 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.21000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system plays important roles in determining the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Interleukin-23 and -27 (IL-23 and IL-27) are two novel IL-12 cytokine family members known to enhance the T-lymphocyte response, but their precise involvement in HCV infection is not well known. OBJECTIVES We investigated the serum IL-27 and IL-23 levels in patients with HCV infection and in healthy individuals. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this case-control study, we assessed IL-23 and IL-27 levels in serum of 37 healthy individuals and 64 patients with chronic HCV using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship of cytokines level with liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP), HCV genotype and viral load were analyzed. The differences of these cytokine levels in the groups of treatment and no treatment was compared. HCV genotypes were classified by HCV-specific primers methods. HCV RNA loads were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS Serum level of IL-23 was higher in HCV infected patients compared to control group (P = 0.005). However, no significant difference was seen in IL-27 serum level between patients compared to the control group (P = 0.65). There was no significant difference in IL-23 and IL-27 level between genotype 1 HCV-infected- and 3a HCV-infected- patients. Positive moderate correlation between IL-23 and IL-27 with viral load was found in type 3a and 1 HCV-infected patient. Positive relative correlation was seen between ALT and IL-23 in 1a HCV-infected patients, which was higher than 3a HCV-infected patients; but there were no significant difference between serums liver enzymes with IL-23 and IL-27 in respect to genotype 3a and 1a HCV-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings may reflect a vigorous pro-inflammatory reaction orchestrated by the host immune system against chronic HCV. Also, a better understanding of the involvement mechanism considering the correlation between other genotypes with inflammatory cytokines in various stages of disease can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asghar Ashrafi Hafez
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Ahmadi Vasmehjani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Rasoul Baharlou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Davami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Hasan Davami, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran. Tel: +98-7913336086, Fax: +98-791341509,, E-mail:
| | - Ahmad Najafi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Negar Joharinia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Hasan Rezanezhad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | - Nayeb Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Lab Technology and Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Masoumeh Imanzad
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IR Iran
- Young Researchers Club, Shahr-e-Qods branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
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211
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Use of animal models in elucidating disease pathogenesis in IBD. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:541-51. [PMID: 25212688 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a collection of diseases characterized by chronic gastrointestinal inflammation resulting from an exuberant immune response to commensal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Rapid advances in the field of genomics have resulted in the identification of at least 163 loci that contribute susceptibility to both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Similar to other complex diseases, however, the "curse of missing heritability" remains a significant concern in understanding the mechanisms underlying IBD. While genetic discoveries, to date, only account for 7-14% of disease variance for IBD, studies have increasingly demonstrated a role for environmental factors in disease pathogenesis. Furthermore, the use of animal models of IBD has led to a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis implicating various aspects of the innate immune response including the bacterial, fungal, and viral microbiome and adaptive immune response such as the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 pathway.
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212
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IL-27 -964A>G polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:12099-102. [PMID: 25146683 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-27 (IL-27) is a new member of the IL-12 family which plays a key role in antitumor immunity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between a potentially functional polymorphism (rs153109, -964A>G) at the promoter of IL-27 and the risk of breast cancer in a Chinese population. We determined the genotypes of 326 breast cancer cases and 460 healthy controls by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between -964A>G polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility. There was no significant association between IL-27 -964A>G polymorphism and the risk of breast cancer. However, in the stratified analysis by menopausal history, IL-27 -964A>G polymorphism was associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (GG vs. AA: OR = 0.48, 95 % CI = 0.26-0.89; G vs. A: OR = 0.75, 95 % CI = 0.59-0.97). Taken together, our study suggested that IL-27 -964A>G polymorphism may be a protective factor for breast cancer in premenopausal women.
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213
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Immunodeficient mouse models with different disease profiles by in vivo infection with the same clinical isolate of enterovirus 71. J Virol 2014; 88:12485-99. [PMID: 25142603 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00692-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Like poliovirus infection, severe infection with enterovirus 71 (EV71) can cause neuropathology. Unlike poliovirus, EV71 is often associated with hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). Here we established three mouse models for experimental infection with the same clinical isolate of EV71. The NOD/SCID mouse model is unique for the development of skin rash, an HFMD-like symptom. While the NOD/SCID mice developed limb paralysis and death at near-100% efficiency, the gamma interferon receptor knockout (ifngr KO) and stat-1 knockout mice exhibited paralysis and death rates near 78% and 30%, respectively. Productive infection with EV71 depends on the viral dose, host age, and inoculation route. Levels of infectious EV71, and levels of VP1-specific RNA and protein in muscle, brain, and spinal cord, were compared side by side between the NOD/SCID and stat-1 knockout models before, during, and after disease onset. Spleen fibrosis and muscle degeneration are common in the NOD/SCID and stat-1 knockout models. The main differences between these two models include their disease manifestations and cytokine/chemokine profiles. The pathology of the NOD/SCID model includes (i) inflammation and expression of viral VP1 antigen in muscle, (ii) increased neutrophil levels and decreased eosinophil and lymphocyte levels, and (iii) hair loss and skin rash. The characteristic pathology of the stat-1 knockout model includes (i) a strong tropism of EV71 for the central nervous system, (ii) detection of VP1 protein in the Purkinje layer of cerebellar cortex, pons, brain stem, and spinal cord, (iii) amplification of microglial cells, and (iv) dystrophy of intestinal villi. Our comparative studies on these new models with oral or intraperitoneal (i.p.) infection underscored the contribution of host immunity, including the gamma interferon receptor, to EV71 pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE In the past decade, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a major threat to public health in the Asia-Pacific region. Disease manifestations include subclinical infection, common-cold-like syndromes, hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), uncomplicated brain stem encephalitis, severe dysregulation of the autonomic nerve system, fatal pulmonary edema, and cardiopulmonary collapse. To date, no effective vaccine or treatment is available. A user-friendly and widely accessible animal model for researching EV71 infection and pathogenesis is urgently needed by the global community, both in academia and in industry.
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214
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Enninga EAL, Nevala WK, Creedon DJ, Markovic SN, Holtan SG. Fetal sex-based differences in maternal hormones, angiogenic factors, and immune mediators during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 73:251-62. [PMID: 25091957 PMCID: PMC4317383 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Problem Several pregnancy complications have disparities based on the sex of the fetus. It is unknown whether the sex of the fetus differentially alters the maternal immune milieu, potentially contributing to the observed differences. Method of study Using maternal plasma collected during 38 uncomplicated pregnancies (19 males, 19 females), we compared levels of cytokines, sex hormones, and angiogenic factors throughout gestation and postpartum. Results Male fetal sex was associated with higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines (G-CSF, IL-12p70, IL-21, and IL-33) and angiogenic factors (PlGF and VEGF-A) compared with female fetal sex at multiple timepoints. Female fetal sex was associated with higher levels of regulatory cytokines (IL-5, IL-9, IL-17, and IL-25). IL-27 increased throughout pregnancy regardless of fetal sex. There was no fetal sex-based difference in analyte concentrations at the postpartum measurement. Conclusion Women carrying a male fetus exhibit a more proinflammatory/proangiogenic immune milieu than women carrying a female fetus.
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Shen Y, Yuan XD, Hu D, Ke X, Wang XQ, Hu GH, Hong SL, Kang HY. Association between interleukin-27 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:991-5. [PMID: 25075448 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper airway. Interleukin-27 (IL-27), a novel IL-12 family member, has recently been reported to play a role in some immune-related disorders. This study was performed to evaluate the potential association of IL-27 polymorphisms with AR in a Chinese Han population. DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control study was performed in 445 Chinese AR patients and 691 healthy controls. Three SNPs in the IL-27p28 gene, including rs153109, rs17855750 and rs181206, were detected using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay (PCR-RFLP). RESULTS A significantly increased prevalence of the rs153109 TT genotype and the T allele was found in AR patients, while a decreased prevalence of the CT and CC genotypes and the C allele was found. For rs153109, the TT genotype and the T allele were significantly associated with the risk of AR, but the CT and CC genotypes and the C allele decreased the risk of AR; for rs17855750, the TT genotype and T allele were risk factors for AR, and the GT genotype and G allele provided protection. TTT and TTC haplotypes in the IL-27p28 gene were positively correlated with AR, while CGT, CTC and CTT haplotypes were associated with a significantly decreased risk of AR. CONCLUSION This study indicates that IL-27p28 polymorphisms rs153109 and rs17855750 are likely involved in AR susceptibility, making them potentially useful genetic biomarkers for AR susceptibility in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ke
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiang Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Ling Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-Yong Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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216
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Li Q, Yang M, Xia R, Xia L, Zhang L. Elevated expression of IL-12 and IL-23 in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Platelets 2014; 26:453-8. [PMID: 25025295 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2014.934217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder. Both impaired platelet production and T-cell-mediated effects play a role in ITP. A T-helper1 (Th1) polarization of the immune response and up-regulation of Th17 cells have been demonstrated in ITP patients. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 produced by antigen presenting cells are essential for inducing and sustaining Th1 and Th17 effector cells via different pathways. However, less is known with regard to the levels of expression and synthesis of these two cytokines in patients with ITP. This was determined in this study in 46 patients with ITP as well as in 22 healthy controls. Our results showed that an increased expression of IL-12 p40, IL-12 p35, and IL-23 p19 mRNA was observed in bone marrow mononuclear cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with ITP compared with controls. Consequently, higher levels of IL-12 and IL-23 were also found in bone marrow plasma and peripheral blood plasma in patients with ITP than in controls. Afterwards, a markedly higher level of IL-12 and IL-23 in bone marrow plasma or peripheral blood plasma was found in patients with chronic ITP than in patients with acute ITP. Furthermore, the peripheral blood plasma levels of IL-12 and IL-23 were negative correlated with platelet counts in ITP patients. Therefore, the augmented expression of IL-12 and IL-23 in patients with ITP may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University , Hefei , PR China and
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217
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Hor YT, Voon DCC, Koo JKW, Wang H, Lau WM, Ashktorab H, Chan SL, Ito Y. A role for RUNX3 in inflammation-induced expression of IL23A in gastric epithelial cells. Cell Rep 2014; 8:50-8. [PMID: 25008775 PMCID: PMC4307917 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX3 functions as a tumor suppressor in the gastric epithelium, where its inactivation is frequently observed during carcinogenesis. We identified IL23A as a RUNX3 target gene in gastric epithelial cells. This was confirmed in a series of in vitro analyses in gastric epithelial cell lines. In elucidating the underlying regulatory network, we uncovered a prominent role for the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in activating IL23A transcription. Moreover, the activating effect of TNF-α was markedly augmented by the infection of Helicobacter pylori, the primary cause of human gastritis. Of note, H. pylori utilized the CagA/SHP2 pathway to activate IL23A, as well as the induction of the NOD1 pathway by iE-DAP. Importantly, RUNX3 synergized strongly with these physiologically relevant stimuli to induce IL23A. Lastly, we present evidence for the secretion of IL23A by gastric epithelial cells in a form that is distinct from canonical IL-23 (IL23A/IL12B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Teng Hor
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Dominic Chih-Cheng Voon
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Jason Kin Wai Koo
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Huajing Wang
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Wen Min Lau
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Cancer Center and Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Shing Leng Chan
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Programme, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
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218
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Lewis ND, Patnaude LA, Pelletier J, Souza DJ, Lukas SM, King FJ, Hill JD, Stefanopoulos DE, Ryan K, Desai S, Skow D, Kauschke SG, Broermann A, Kuzmich D, Harcken C, Hickey ER, Modis LK. A GPBAR1 (TGR5) small molecule agonist shows specific inhibitory effects on myeloid cell activation in vitro and reduces experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100883. [PMID: 24967665 PMCID: PMC4072711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
GPBAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by certain bile acids and plays an important role in the regulation of bile acid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that GPBAR1 may also have important effects in reducing the inflammatory response through its expression on monocytes and macrophages. To further understand the role of GPBAR1 in inflammation, we generated a novel, selective, proprietary GPBAR1 agonist and tested its effectiveness at reducing monocyte and macrophage activation in vitro and in vivo. We have used this agonist, together with previously described agonists to study agonism of GPBAR1, and shown that they can all induce cAMP and reduce TLR activation-induced cytokine production in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro. Additionally, through the usage of RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq), we identified a select set of genes that are regulated by GPBAR1 agonism during LPS activation. To further define the in vivo role of GPBAR1 in inflammation, we assessed GPBAR1 expression and found high levels on circulating mouse monocytes. Agonism of GPBAR1 reduced LPS-induced cytokine production in mouse monocytes ex vivo and serum cytokine levels in vivo. Agonism of GPBAR1 also had profound effects in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis, where monocytes play an important role. Mice treated with the GPBAR1 agonist exhibited a significant reduction in the EAE clinical score which correlated with reduced monocyte and microglial activation and reduced trafficking of monocytes and T cells into the CNS. These data confirm the importance of GPBAR1 in controlling monocyte and macrophage activation in vivo and support the rationale for selective agonists of GPBAR1 in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuruddeen D. Lewis
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Lori A. Patnaude
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Josephine Pelletier
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donald J. Souza
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Lukas
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - F. James King
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Hill
- Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dimitria E. Stefanopoulos
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Kelli Ryan
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Sudha Desai
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Donna Skow
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Stefan G. Kauschke
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biberach, Germany
| | - Andre Broermann
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Biberach, Germany
| | - Daniel Kuzmich
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christian Harcken
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Eugene R. Hickey
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Louise K. Modis
- Departments of Immunology and Inflammation, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgebury, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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219
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Liu FDM, Kenngott EE, Schröter MF, Kühl A, Jennrich S, Watzlawick R, Hoffmann U, Wolff T, Norley S, Scheffold A, Stumhofer JS, Saris CJM, Schwab JM, Hunter CA, Debes GF, Hamann A. Timed action of IL-27 protects from immunopathology while preserving defense in influenza. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004110. [PMID: 24809349 PMCID: PMC4014457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with influenza virus can result in massive pulmonary infiltration and potentially fatal immunopathology. Understanding the endogenous mechanisms that control immunopathology could provide a key to novel adjunct therapies for this disease. Here we show that the cytokine IL-27 plays a crucial role in protection from exaggerated inflammation during influenza virus infection. Using Il-27ra−/− mice, IL-27 was found to limit immunopathology, neutrophil accumulation, and dampened TH1 or TH17 responses via IL-10–dependent and -independent pathways. Accordingly, the absence of IL-27 signals resulted in a more severe disease course and in diminished survival without impacting viral loads. Consistent with the delayed expression of endogenous Il-27p28 during influenza, systemic treatment with recombinant IL-27 starting at the peak of virus load resulted in a major amelioration of lung pathology, strongly reduced leukocyte infiltration and improved survival without affecting viral clearance. In contrast, early application of IL-27 impaired virus clearance and worsened disease. These findings demonstrate the importance of IL-27 for the physiological control of immunopathology and the potential value of well-timed IL-27 application to treat life-threatening inflammation during lung infection. Annual epidemics of influenza result in 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and approximately 300,000 deaths around the world. Although most patients infected with normal circulating influenza A viruses recover from the illness, complications arise during infections with highly pathogenic strains of the virus, resulting in increased mortality associated with severe immunopathology and acute respiratory distress. Previous studies suggested a major contribution of the vigorous immune response to lung damage. How the immune system constrains the negative impact of inflammation might therefore be of significant importance for future therapies. Our study in a mouse model of influenza shows that the cytokine IL-27 plays a crucial role in survival by protecting against lung damage. Its actions include regulation of innate (neutrophil influx) and adaptive (inflammatory cytokine production of T cells) arms of immunity during the acute respiratory infection. The data also suggest a therapeutic potential of IL-27, as mice treated with recombinant cytokine at later stages of infection exhibited decreased immunopathology and showed improved survival. The findings uncover an important role of IL-27 in limiting the collateral damages of anti-viral immunity and provide initial evidence that these mechanisms might be exploited for the management of severe immunopathology after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Diane M. Liu
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth E. Kenngott
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Micha F. Schröter
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Kühl
- Research Center ImmunoSciences (RCIS), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke Jennrich
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ralf Watzlawick
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Hoffmann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Alexander Scheffold
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason S. Stumhofer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Christiaan J. M. Saris
- Department of Inflammation Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America
| | - Jan M. Schwab
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Hunter
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gudrun F. Debes
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alf Hamann
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
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220
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Tomić S, Đokić J, Vasilijić S, Ogrinc N, Rudolf R, Pelicon P, Vučević D, Milosavljević P, Janković S, Anžel I, Rajković J, Rupnik MS, Friedrich B, Čolić M. Size-dependent effects of gold nanoparticles uptake on maturation and antitumor functions of human dendritic cells in vitro. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96584. [PMID: 24802102 PMCID: PMC4011871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are claimed as outstanding biomedical tools for cancer diagnostics and photo-thermal therapy, but without enough evidence on their potentially adverse immunological effects. Using a model of human dendritic cells (DCs), we showed that 10 nm- and 50 nm-sized GNPs (GNP10 and GNP50, respectively) were internalized predominantly via dynamin-dependent mechanisms, and they both impaired LPS-induced maturation and allostimulatory capacity of DCs, although the effect of GNP10 was more prominent. However, GNP10 inhibited LPS-induced production of IL-12p70 by DCs, and potentiated their Th2 polarization capacity, while GNP50 promoted Th17 polarization. Such effects of GNP10 correlated with a stronger inhibition of LPS-induced changes in Ca2+ oscillations, their higher number per DC, and more frequent extra-endosomal localization, as judged by live-cell imaging, proton, and electron microscopy, respectively. Even when released from heat-killed necrotic HEp-2 cells, GNP10 inhibited the necrotic tumor cell-induced maturation and functions of DCs, potentiated their Th2/Th17 polarization capacity, and thus, impaired the DCs' capacity to induce T cell-mediated anti-tumor cytotoxicity in vitro. Therefore, GNP10 could potentially induce more adverse DC-mediated immunological effects, compared to GNP50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Tomić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Saša Vasilijić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Ogrinc
- Microanalytical Center, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- LOTRIČ Metrology, Selca, Slovenia
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Zlatarna Celje d.d., Celje, Slovenia
| | - Primož Pelicon
- Microanalytical Center, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragana Vučević
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Milosavljević
- Institute for Medical Research of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ivan Anžel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Bernd Friedrich
- Department of Process Metallurgy and Metal Recycling, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Miodrag Čolić
- Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
- * E-mail:
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221
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Yang CY, Ma X, Tsuneyama K, Huang S, Takahashi T, Chalasani NP, Bowlus CL, Yang GX, Leung PS, Ansari AA, Wu L, Coppel R, Gershwin ME. IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 biliary microenvironment in primary biliary cirrhosis: implications for therapy. Hepatology 2014; 59:1944-53. [PMID: 24375552 PMCID: PMC3999171 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23-mediated Th1/Th17 signaling pathway has been associated with the etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). To address the cytokine microenvironment specifically in the liver, we examined the localized expression of cytokine subunits and their corresponding receptors using previously optimized immunohistochemistry with an extensive panel of antibodies directed at IL-12p70, IL-12p35, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IL-12RB2, IL-23p40, IL-23p19, IL-17, and IL-23R using liver from PBC (n = 51) and non-PBC (n = 80) control liver disease patients. Multiple portal tracts in each patient were blindly evaluated and individually scored. We report herein that although IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 staining was detected in all of the liver sections, they were primarily localized around the damaged interlobular bile ducts in PBC. Most important, Th17 skewing was prominent in advanced PBC patients with intensive secretion of IL-23p19 by inflamed hepatocytes around IL-23R, IL-12RB2, and IFN-γ expressing degenerated cholangiocytes. Our novel finding on the direct association of Th17 skewing and disease severity illustrates the significance of the IL-23/Th17 pathway in the perpetuation of IL-12/Th1-mediated immunopathology in PBC. Furthermore, localized IL-23p19 production by hepatocytes may enhance profibrotic Th17 signaling and proinflammatory IFN-γ production that contribute to PBC pathology. CONCLUSION Our data emphasize the pathogenic relevance of IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 in the evolution of PBC. Of significance, however, the shift from a Th1 to a Th17 imbalance at advanced stages of the disease suggests the necessity to consider modulation of the IL-23/Th17 pathway as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yen Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xiong Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Shanshan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Naga P. Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patrick S.C. Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Linda Wu
- Department of Immunology, Janssen R&D, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Ross Coppel
- Departments of Microbiology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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222
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Interleukin-35 induces regulatory B cells that suppress autoimmune disease. Nat Med 2014; 20:633-41. [PMID: 24743305 PMCID: PMC4048323 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 538] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 10-producing regulatory B-cells (Breg-cells) suppress autoimmune diseases while aberrant elevation of Breg-cells prevents sterilizing immunity, promotes carcinogenesis and cancer metastasis by converting resting CD4+ T-cells to regulatory T-cells (Tregs). It is therefore of interest to discover factors that induce Breg-cells. Here we show that IL-35 induces Breg-cells in-vivo and promotes their conversion to a unique Breg subset that produces IL-35 (IL-35+Breg). Treatment of mice with IL-35 conferred protection from uveitis and mice lacking IL-35 or defective in IL-35-signaling produced less Breg-cells and developed severe uveitis. Ex-vivo generated Breg-cells also suppressed uveitis by inhibiting pathogenic Th17/Th1 while promoting Tregs expansion. We further show that IL-35 induced the conversion of human B-cells into Breg-cells and suppressed uveitis by activating STAT1/STAT3 through IL-35-Receptor comprising IL-12Rβ2/IL-27Rα subunits. Discovery that IL-35 converts human B-cells into Breg-cells, allows ex-vivo production of autologous Breg-cells for immunotherapy and investigating Breg/IL-35+Breg cells roles in autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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223
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Kumar A, Herbein G. The macrophage: a therapeutic target in HIV-1 infection. MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR THERAPIES 2014; 2:10. [PMID: 26056579 PMCID: PMC4452058 DOI: 10.1186/2052-8426-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is still a serious global health concern responsible for more than 25 million deaths in last three decades. More than 34 million people are living with HIV infection. Macrophages and CD4+ T cells are the principal targets of HIV-1. The pathogenesis of HIV-1 takes different routes in macrophages and CD4+ T cells. Macrophages are resistant to the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and produce virus for longer periods of time. In addition, macrophages being present in every organ system thus can disseminate virus to the different anatomical sites leading to the formation of viral sanctuaries. Complete cure of HIV-1 needs better understanding of viral pathogenesis in these reservoirs and implementation of knowledge into robust therapeutic products. In this review we will focus on the unique relationship between HIV-1 and macrophages. Furthermore, we will describe how successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) is in suppressing HIV and novel molecular and cellular strategies against HIV-1 in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Virology, UPRES EA4266 Pathogens & Inflammation, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department of Virology, UPRES EA4266 Pathogens & Inflammation, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, F-25030 Besançon, France ; Department of Virology, Hôpital Saint-Jacques, CHRU Besançon, 2 place Saint-Jacques, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France
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224
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Fungal Engagement of the C-Type Lectin Mincle Suppresses Dectin-1-Induced Antifungal Immunity. Cell Host Microbe 2014; 15:494-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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225
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Azizi G, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mirshafiey A. Th17 Cells in Immunopathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 16:243-53. [PMID: 23981743 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the sequestration of various leukocyte subpopulations within both the developing pannus and synovial space. The chronic nature of this disease results in inflammation of multiple joints, with subsequent destruction of the joint cartilage and erosion of bone. Identification of T helper (Th)17 cells led to breaking the dichotomy of the Th1/Th2 axis in immunopathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as RA, and its experimental model, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Th17 cells produce cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-21, IL-22 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, with pro-inflammatory effects, which appear to have a role in immunopathogenesis of RA. Regarding the wide ranging production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by Th17 cells, it is expected that Th17 cell could be a potent pathogenic factor in disease immunopathophysiology. Thus the identification of effector mechanisms used by Th17 cells in induction of disease lesions may open new prospects for designing a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Azizi
- Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
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226
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Chognard G, Bellemare L, Pelletier AN, Dominguez-Punaro MC, Beauchamp C, Guyon MJ, Charron G, Morin N, Sivanesan D, Kuchroo V, Xavier R, Michnick SW, Chemtob S, Rioux JD, Lesage S. The dichotomous pattern of IL-12r and IL-23R expression elucidates the role of IL-12 and IL-23 in inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89092. [PMID: 24586521 PMCID: PMC3931659 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-12 and IL-23 cytokines respectively drive Th1 and Th17 type responses. Yet, little is known regarding the biology of these receptors. As the IL-12 and IL-23 receptors share a common subunit, it has been assumed that these receptors are co-expressed. Surprisingly, we find that the expression of each of these receptors is restricted to specific cell types, in both mouse and human. Indeed, although IL-12Rβ2 is expressed by NK cells and a subset of γδ T cells, the expression of IL-23R is restricted to specific T cell subsets, a small number of B cells and innate lymphoid cells. By exploiting an IL-12- and IL-23-dependent mouse model of innate inflammation, we demonstrate an intricate interplay between IL-12Rβ2 NK cells and IL-23R innate lymphoid cells with respectively dominant roles in the regulation of systemic versus local inflammatory responses. Together, these findings support an unforeseen lineage-specific dichotomy in the in vivo role of both the IL-12 and IL-23 pathways in pathological inflammatory states, which may allow more accurate dissection of the roles of these receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cytokines/blood
- DNA Primers/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Flow Cytometry
- Histological Techniques
- Humans
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/immunology
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Interleukin-23/immunology
- Interleukin-23/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Immunological
- Receptors, Interleukin/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-12/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Chognard
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisa Bellemare
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Adam-Nicolas Pelletier
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - Marie-Josée Guyon
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guy Charron
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Morin
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Durga Sivanesan
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vijay Kuchroo
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ramnik Xavier
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Departments of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology, and Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ste-Justine Research Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John D. Rioux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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227
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von Scheidt B, Leung PSK, Yong MCR, Zhang Y, Towne JE, Smyth MJ, Teng MWL. Combined anti-CD40 and anti-IL-23 monoclonal antibody therapy effectively suppresses tumor growth and metastases. Cancer Res 2014; 74:2412-21. [PMID: 24556719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced immunosuppression remains one of the major obstacles to many potentially effective cancer therapies and vaccines. Host interleukin (IL)-23 suppresses the immune response during tumor initiation, growth, and metastases, and neutralization of IL-23 causes IL-12-dependent antitumor effects. Here, we report that combining agonistic anti-CD40 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to drive IL-12 production and anti-IL-23 mAbs to counter the tumor promoting effects of IL-23 has greater antitumor activity than either agent alone. This increased antitumor efficacy was observed in several experimental and spontaneous lung metastases models as well as in models of de novo carcinogenesis. The combination effects were dependent on host IL-12, perforin, IFN-γ, natural killer, and/or T cells and independent of host B cells and IFN-αβ sensitivity. Interestingly, in the experimental lung metastases tumor models, we observed that intracellular IL-23 production was specifically restricted to MHC-II(hi)CD11c(+)CD11b(+) cells. Furthermore, an increase in proportion of these IL-23-producing cells was detected only in tumor models where IL-23 neutralization was therapeutic. Overall, these data suggest the clinical potential of using anti-CD40 (push) and anti-IL-23 mAbs (pull) to tip the IL-12/23 balance in established tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca von Scheidt
- Authors' Affiliations: Cancer Immunology Program, Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria; Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory; Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia; and AMGEN Incorporated, Seattle, Washington
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228
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Morandi F, Di Carlo E, Ferrone S, Petretto A, Pistoia V, Airoldi I. IL-27 in human secondary lymphoid organs attracts myeloid dendritic cells and impairs HLA class I-restricted antigen presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2634-42. [PMID: 24554774 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Different cytokines play crucial roles in inflammation and in polarizing immune responses, including IL-27 that exerts pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. Although the activity of IL-27 is well characterized in murine immune cells, only limited information is available regarding the natural cellular sources of IL-27 in humans and its effects on human immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent professional APCs that in the immature state are positioned throughout peripheral tissues by acting as sentinels, sensing the presence of Ags. Activated DCs migrate into the lymph nodes and direct Ag-specific T cell responses, thus acting as key players in both adaptive and innate immunity. In this study we asked whether IL-27 is produced by human secondary lymphoid organs and what is its functional role on human DCs. To our knowledge, we provide the first evidence that 1) in lymph nodes, macrophages are the major source for IL-27; 2) immature and mature human DCs express functional IL-27R; 3) IL-27 exerts immunosuppressive activity by crippling the Ag processing machinery in immature DCs under steady-state conditions and after pulsing with a viral Ag; and 4) IL-27 is chemotactic for human DCs. Our findings highlight novel mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive activity of IL-27, suggesting that this cytokine may function as a homeostatic cytokine in secondary lymphoid organs by limiting duration and/or intensity of ongoing adaptive immune responses. The results presented in this study pave the way to future studies aimed at investigating whether dysregulation of IL-27 expression and function may be involved in pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Morandi
- Laboratorio di Oncologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy
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229
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Robertson SJ, Lubick KJ, Freedman BA, Carmody AB, Best SM. Tick-borne flaviviruses antagonize both IRF-1 and type I IFN signaling to inhibit dendritic cell function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:2744-55. [PMID: 24532583 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a leading cause of viral encephalitis in Europe and Asia. Dendritic cells (DCs), as early cellular targets of infection, provide an opportunity for flaviviruses to inhibit innate and adaptive immune responses. Flaviviruses modulate DC function, but the mechanisms underpinning this are not defined. We examined the maturation phenotype and function of murine bone marrow-derived DCs infected with Langat virus (LGTV), a naturally attenuated member of the TBEV serogroup. LGTV infection failed to induce DC maturation or a cytokine response. Treatment with LPS or LPS/IFN-γ, strong inducers of inflammatory cytokines, resulted in enhanced TNF-α and IL-6 production, but suppressed IL-12 production in infected DCs compared with uninfected "bystander" cells or mock-infected controls. LGTV-mediated antagonism of type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling contributed to inhibition of IL-12p40 mRNA expression at late time points after stimulation. However, early suppression was still observed in DCs lacking the IFN-I receptor (Ifnar(-/-)), suggesting that additional mechanisms of antagonism exist. The early IFN-independent inhibition of IL-12p40 was nearly abolished in DCs deficient in IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1), a key transcription factor required for IL-12 production. LGTV infection did not affect Irf-1 mRNA expression, but rather diminished IRF-1 protein levels and nuclear localization. The effect on IRF-1 was also observed in DCs infected with the highly virulent Sofjin strain of TBEV. Thus, antagonism of IRF-1 is a novel mechanism that synergizes with the noted ability of flaviviruses to suppress IFN-α/β receptor-dependent signaling, resulting in the orchestrated evasion of host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J Robertson
- Innate Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840
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230
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Evaluation of Th17 related cytokines associated with clinical and laboratorial parameters in sickle cell anemia patients with leg ulcers. Cytokine 2014; 65:143-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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231
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Abstract
The Th17 pathway has recently been shown to play a critical role in host defense, allergic responses and autoimmune inflammation. Th17 cells predominantly produce IL-17 and IL-22, which are two cytokines with broad effects in the lung and other tissues. This review summarizes not only what is currently known about the molecular regulation of this pathway and Th17-related cytokine signaling, but also the roles of these cytokines in pathogen immunity and asthma. In the last 5 years, the Th17 field has rapidly grown and research has revealed that the Th17 pathway is essential in lung pathogenesis in response to exogenous stimuli. As work in the field continues, it is expected that many exciting therapeutic advances will be made for a broad range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Manni
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children’s Hospital, Dr, 9127 Rangos, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Keven M Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children’s Hospital, Dr, 9127 Rangos, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, One Children’s Hospital, Dr, 9127 Rangos, 4401 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
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232
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Blauvelt A. New concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis: key roles for IL-23, IL-17A and TGF-β1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/17469872.2.1.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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233
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Romani L, Puccetti P. Controlling pathogenic inflammation to fungi. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 5:1007-17. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.5.6.1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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234
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IFN-γ-induced IL-27 and IL-27p28 expression are differentially regulated through JNK MAPK and PI3K pathways independent of Jak/STAT in human monocytic cells. Immunobiology 2014; 219:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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235
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Hartung HP, Aktas O, Menge T, Kieseier BC. Immune regulation of multiple sclerosis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2014; 122:3-14. [PMID: 24507511 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52001-2.00001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered a prototype inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS). The etiology of this disease remains unknown, but an interplay between as yet unidentified environmental factors and susceptibility genes appears most likely. In consequence, these factors trigger a cascade, involving an inflammatory response within the CNS that results in demyelination, oligodendrocyte death, axonal damage, gliosis, and neurodegeneration. How these complex traits translate into the clinical presentation of the disease is a focus of ongoing research. The central hypothesis is that T lymphocytes with receptors for CNS myelin components are driving the disease. The initial activation of autoreactive lymphocytes is thought to take place in the systemic lymphoid organs, most likely through molecular mimickry or nonspecifically through bystander activation. These autoreactive lymphocytes can migrate to the CNS where they become reactivated upon encountering their target antigen, initiating an autoimmune inflammatory attack. This ultimately leads to demyelination and axonal damage. This chapter focuses on the role of T and B lymphocytes in the immunopathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Til Menge
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd C Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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236
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Association of Interleukin 27 gene polymorphism and risk of Hepatitis B viral infection in Egyptian population. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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237
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Dulbecco P, Savarino V. Therapeutic potential of curcumin in digestive diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:9256-9270. [PMID: 24409053 PMCID: PMC3882399 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a low-molecular-weight hydrophobic polyphenol that is extracted from turmeric, which possesses a wide range of biological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-microbial activities. Despite its diverse targets and substantial safety, clinical applications of this molecule for digestive disorders have been largely limited to case series or small clinical trials. The poor bioavailability of curcumin is likely the major hurdle for its more widespread use in humans. However, complexation of curcumin into phytosomes has recently helped to bypass this problem, as it has been demonstrated that this new lecithin formulation enables increased absorption to a level 29-fold higher than that of traditional curcuminoid products. This allows us to achieve much greater tissue substance delivery using significantly lower doses of curcumin than have been used in past clinical studies. As curcumin has already been shown to provide good therapeutic results in some small studies of both inflammatory and neoplastic bowel disorders, it is reasonable to anticipate an even greater efficacy with the advent of this new technology, which remarkably improves its bioavailability. These features are very promising and may represent a novel and effective therapeutic approach to both functional and organic digestive diseases.
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238
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Molecular characterization and immune modulation properties of Clonorchis sinensis-derived RNASET2. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:360. [PMID: 24365605 PMCID: PMC3878043 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis, Cs) is a trematode parasite that often causes chronic cumulative infections in the hepatobiliary ducts of the host and can lead to pathological changes by continuously released excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs). A T2 ribonuclease in trematode ESPs, has been identified as a potent regulator of dendritic cell (DCs) modulation. We wondered whether there was a counterpart present in CsESPs with similar activity. To gain a better understanding of CsESPs associated immune responses, we identified and characterized RNASET2 of C. sinensis (CsRNASET2) in this paper. METHODS We expressed CsRNASET2 in Pichia pastoris and identified its molecular characteristics using bioinformatic analysis and experimental approaches. The immune modulation activities of CsRNASET2 were confirmed by evaluating cytokine production and surface markers of recombinant CsRNASET2 (rCsRNASET2) co-cultured DCs, and monitoring levels of IgG isotypes from rCsRNASET2 administered BALB/c mice. RESULTS CsRNASET2 appeared to be a glycoprotein of T2 ribonuclease family harboring conserved CAS motifs and rich in B-cell epitopes. Furthermore, CsRNASET2 was present in CsESPs and was able to modulate cytokine production of DCs. In addition, rCsRNASET2 could significantly suppress the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced DCs maturation markers. In addition, when subcutaneously administered with rCsRNASET2 there was a marked effect on IgG isotypes in mouse sera. CONCLUSION Collectively, we revealed that CsRNASET2, a T2 ribonuclease present in CsESPs, could modulate DCs maturation and might play an important role in C. sinensis associated immune regulation in the host.
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Chmielewski M, Hombach AA, Abken H. Of CARs and TRUCKs: chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered with an inducible cytokine to modulate the tumor stroma. Immunol Rev 2013; 257:83-90. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Andreas A. Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
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240
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Lee HH, Yang SS, Vo MT, Cho WJ, Lee BJ, Leem SH, Lee SH, Cha HJ, Park JW. Tristetraprolin down-regulates IL-23 expression in colon cancer cells. Mol Cells 2013; 36:571-6. [PMID: 24292977 PMCID: PMC3887959 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in tumor promotion. Expression of IL-23 is increased in cancer cells and correlates with tumor progression. However, the mechanisms regulating IL-23 expression in cancer cells are still unclear. Here we report that tristetraprolin (TTP), an AU-rich element (ARE)-binding protein, inhibits IL-23 production in CT26 mouse colon cancer cells. Overexpression of TTP decreased the stability of IL-23 mRNA and the expression level of IL-23 in CT26 cells. Conversely, inhibition of TTP by siRNA increased IL-23 production. TTP destabilized a luciferase mRNA reporter containing the IL-23 mRNA 3'UTR, which contains five AREs. Analyses of deletion and point mutants of the IL-23 mRNA 3'UTR demonstrated that the ARE cluster between the third and fifth AREs was responsible for TTP-mediated destabilization of IL-23 mRNA. A RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that TTP binds to this ARE cluster. Taken together, these results demonstrate that TTP acts as a negative regulator of IL-23 gene expression in mouse colon cancer cells and suggest its potential application as a novel therapeutic target to control IL-23-mediated tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Hee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749,
Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714,
Korea
| | - Song Soo Yang
- Department of Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060,
Korea
| | - Mai-Tram Vo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749,
Korea
| | - Wha Ja Cho
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060,
Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749,
Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Leem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714,
Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060,
Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Cha
- Department of Pathology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-060,
Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749,
Korea
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241
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Kachroo P, Lee MH, Zhang L, Baratelli F, Lee G, Srivastava MK, Wang G, Walser TC, Krysan K, Sharma S, Dubinett SM, Lee JM. IL-27 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenic factor production in a STAT1-dominant pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2013; 32:97. [PMID: 24274066 PMCID: PMC3906956 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-32-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-27 signaling is mediated by the JAK-STAT pathway via activation of STAT1 and STAT3, which have tumor suppressive and oncogenic activities, respectively. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and angiogenesis are key processes in carcinogenesis. Although IL-27 has been shown to have potent anti-tumor activity in various cancer models, the role of IL-27 in EMT and angiogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-27 in regulating EMT and angiogenesis through modulation of the STAT pathways in human non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. METHODS STAT activation following IL-27 exposure was measured in human NSCLC cell lines. Expression of epithelial (E-cadherin, γ-catenin) and mesenchymal (N-cadherin, vimentin) markers were assessed by Western blot analysis. Production of pro-angiogenic factors (VEGF, IL-8/CXCL8, CXCL5) were examined by ELISA. Cell motility was examined by an in vitro scratch and transwell migration assays. Selective inhibitors of STAT1 (STAT1 siRNAs) and STAT3 (Stattic) were used to determine whether both STAT1 and STAT3 are required for IL-27 mediated inhibition of EMT and secretion of angiogenic factors. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that IL-27 stimulation in NSCLC resulted in 1) STAT1 and STAT3 activation in a JAK-dependent manner, 2) development of epithelial phenotypes, including a decrease in the expression of a transcriptional repressor for E-cadherin (SNAIL), and mesenchymal marker (vimentin) with a reciprocal increase in the expression of epithelial markers, 3) inhibition of cell migration, and 4) reduced production of pro-angiogenic factors. STAT1 inhibition in IL-27-treated cells reversed the IL-27 effect with resultant increased expression of Snail, vimentin and the pro-angiogenic factors. The inhibition of STAT3 activation had no effect on the development of the epithelial phenotype. CONCLUSION IL-27 induces mesenchymal to epithelial transition and inhibits the production of pro-angiogenic factors in a STAT1-dominant pathway. These findings highlight the importance of STAT1 in repressing lung carcinogenesis and describe a new anti-tumor mechanism of IL-27.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kachroo
- Lung Cancer Research Program, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Chiba Y, Mizoguchi I, Mitobe K, Higuchi K, Nagai H, Nishigori C, Mizuguchi J, Yoshimoto T. IL-27 enhances the expression of TRAIL and TLR3 in human melanomas and inhibits their tumor growth in cooperation with a TLR3 agonist poly(I:C) partly in a TRAIL-dependent manner. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76159. [PMID: 24155891 PMCID: PMC3796519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-27 is a member of the IL-6/IL-12 cytokine family and possesses potent antitumor activity, which is mediated by multiple mechanisms. Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 is the critical sensor of the innate immune system that serves to identify viral double-stranded RNA. TLR3 is frequently expressed by various types of malignant cells, and recent studies reported that a synthetic TLR3 agonist, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)], induces antitumor effects on malignant cells. In the present study, we have explored the effect of IL-27 on human melanomas and uncovered a previously unknown mechanism. We found that IL-27 inhibits in vitro tumor growth of human melanomas and greatly enhances the expression of TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in a dose-dependent manner. Neutralizing antibody against TRAIL partly but significantly blocked the IL-27–mediated inhibition of tumor growth. In addition, IL-27 and poly(I:C) cooperatively augmented TRAIL expression and inhibited tumor growth. The cooperative effect could be ascribed to the augmented expression of TLR3, but not retinoic acid-inducible gene-I or anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5, by IL-27. The inhibition of tumor growth by the combination was also significantly abrogated by anti-TRAIL neutralizing antibody. Moreover, IL-27 and poly(I:C) cooperatively suppressed in vivo tumor growth of human melanoma in immunodeficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that IL-27 enhances the expression of TRAIL and TLR3 in human melanomas and inhibits their tumor growth in cooperation with poly(I:C), partly in a TRAIL-dependent manner. Thus, IL-27 and the combination of IL-27 and poly(I:C) may be attractive candidates for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukino Chiba
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Mitobe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaname Higuchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagai
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Molecular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Karabiyik A, Peck AB, Nguyen CQ. The important role of T cells and receptor expression in Sjögren's syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:157-66. [PMID: 23679844 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), an autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction leading to dry mouth and dry eye diseases, is typified by progressive leucocyte infiltrations of the salivary and lacrimal glands. Histologically, these leucocyte infiltrations generally establish periductal aggregates, referred to as lymphocytic foci (LF), which occasionally appear as germinal centre (GC)-like structures. The formation and organization of these LF suggest an important and dynamic role for helper T cells (TH), specifically TH1, TH2 and the recently discovered TH17, in development and onset of clinical SjS, considered a B cell-mediated hypersensitivity type 2 disease. Despite an ever-increasing focus on identifying the underlying aetiology of SjS, defining factors that initiate this autoimmune disease remain a mystery. Thus, determining interactions between infiltrating TH cells and exocrine gland tissue (auto-)antigens represents a fertile research endeavour. This review discusses pathological functions of TH cells in SjS, the current status of TH cell receptor gene rearrangements associated with human and mouse models of SjS and potential future prospects for identifying receptor-autoantigen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karabiyik
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Kawata K, Tsuda M, Yang GX, Zhang W, Tanaka H, Tsuneyama K, Leung P, He XS, Knechtle S, Ansari AA, Coppel RL, Gershwin ME. Identification of potential cytokine pathways for therapeutic intervention in murine primary biliary cirrhosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74225. [PMID: 24040208 PMCID: PMC3769355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is considered a model autoimmune disease, with the most highly directed and specific autoantibody in both murine and human autoimmunity, the anti-mitochondrial autoantibody (AMA). However, therapeutic advances in this disease have lagged behind. Herein we have taken advantage of our unique model of murine PBC in which mice immunized with 2-octynoic acid coupled to BSA (2OA-BSA), a compound identified by quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) of human AMA binding, develop an intense inflammatory cholangitis with striking similarities to humans with PBC. In particular, we have constructed several unique gene-deleted mice, including mice deleted of IL-12p40, IL-12p35, IFN-γ, IL-23p19, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22, immunized these animals with 2OA-BSA and followed the natural history of immunopathology to identify key pathways that might provide clues for successful therapy. Our data indicate that whereas both IL-12/Th1 and IL-23/Th17 are involved in cholangitis, it is the IL-12/Th1 signaling pathway that elicits pathology. In fact, deletion of IFN-γ prevents disease and suppresses autoantibodies. Importantly, deletion of the Th17 cytokines IL-17A and IL-22, but not IL-17F, reduces biliary damage; IL-17A-knockout mice have reduced levels of anti-mitochondrial antibody. We further demonstrate that the production of IFN-γ is significantly decreased in the liver of IL-23p19(-/-), IL-17A(-/-) and IL-22(-/-) mice compared with controls. However, the ability of T cells to produce IFN-γ was not affected in Th17 cytokine-deficient mice. Our data indicate that a deficient Th17 pathway suppresses the accumulation of IFN-γ producing cells in liver during the early phase of cholangitis. In conclusion, whereas IFN-γ has a pivotal role in the early events involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangitis induced by 2OA-BSA, the IL-23/Th17 pathway potentiates the effects of IL-12/IFN-γ-mediated immunopathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoantibodies/biosynthesis
- Autoimmunity
- Cholangitis/chemically induced
- Cholangitis/genetics
- Cholangitis/immunology
- Cholangitis/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/chemistry
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/administration & dosage
- Immunoconjugates/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p35/deficiency
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p35/genetics
- Interleukin-12 Subunit p35/immunology
- Interleukin-17/deficiency
- Interleukin-17/genetics
- Interleukin-17/immunology
- Interleukin-23 Subunit p19/deficiency
- Interleukin-23 Subunit p19/genetics
- Interleukin-23 Subunit p19/immunology
- Interleukins/deficiency
- Interleukins/genetics
- Interleukins/immunology
- Liver/immunology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/chemically induced
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/genetics
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/immunology
- Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria/immunology
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/chemistry
- Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Th1-Th2 Balance
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Kawata
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tsuda
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Guo-Xiang Yang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Weici Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Patrick Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Song He
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Stuart Knechtle
- Department of Surgery, The Emory Clinic and Hospital, Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Aftab A. Ansari
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ross L. Coppel
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - M. Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, United States of America
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Expression levels of IL-27 and IL-17 in multiple myeloma patients: A higher ratio of IL-27:IL-17 in bone marrow was associated with a superior progression-free survival. Leuk Res 2013; 37:1094-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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246
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Chen Z, Wang S, Erekosima N, Li Y, Hong J, Qi X, Merkel P, Nagabhushanam V, Choo E, Katial R, Alam R, Trikha A, Chu HW, Zhuang Y, Jin M, Bai C, Huang H. IL-4 confers resistance to IL-27-mediated suppression on CD4+ T cells by impairing signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2013; 132:912-21.e1-5. [PMID: 23958647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TH2 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Established TH2 cells have been shown to resist reprogramming into TH1 cells. The inherent stability of TH2 cells poses a significant barrier to treating allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE We sought to understand the mechanisms by which CD4(+) T cells from asthmatic patients resist the IL-27-mediated inhibition. METHODS We isolated and cultured CD4(+) T cells from both healthy subjects and allergic asthmatic patients to test whether IL-27 can inhibit IL-4 production by the cultured CD4(+) T cells using ELISA. Culturing conditions that resulted in resistance to IL-27 were determined by using both murine and human CD4(+) T-cell culture systems. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 phosphorylation was analyzed by means of Western blotting and flow cytometry. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (Socs) mRNA expression was measured by using quantitative PCR. The small interfering RNA method was used to knockdown the expression of Socs3 mRNA. RESULTS We demonstrated that CD4(+) T cells from asthmatic patients resisted the suppression of IL-4 production mediated by IL-27. We observed that repeated exposure to TH2-inducing conditions rendered healthy human CD4(+) T cells resistant to IL-27-mediated inhibition. Using an in vitro murine culture system, we further demonstrated that repeated or higher doses of IL-4 stimulation, but not IL-2 stimulation, upregulated Socs3 mRNA expression and impaired IL-27-induced STAT1 phosphorylation. The knockdown of Socs3 mRNA expression restored IL-27-induced STAT1 phosphorylation and IL-27-mediated inhibition of IL-4 production. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that differentiated TH2 cells can resist IL-27-induced reprogramming toward TH1 cells by downregulating STAT1 phosphorylation and likely explain why the CD4(+) T cells of asthmatic patients are resistant to IL-27-mediated inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Zhangshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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247
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Ma CJ, Li GY, Cheng YQ, Wang JM, Ying RS, Shi L, Wu XY, Niki T, Hirashima M, Li CF, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. Cis association of galectin-9 with Tim-3 differentially regulates IL-12/IL-23 expressions in monocytes via TLR signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72488. [PMID: 23967307 PMCID: PMC3743775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monocytes/macrophages (M/MФ) of the innate immunity sense and respond to microbial products via specific receptor coupling with stimulatory (such as TLR) and inhibitory (such as Tim-3) receptors. Current models imply that Tim-3 expression on M/MØ can deliver negative signaling to TLR-mediated IL-12 expression through trans association with its ligand Galectin-9 (Gal-9) presented by other cells. However, Gal-9 is also expressed within M/MØ, and the effect of intracellular Gal-9 on Tim-3 activities and inflammatory responses in the same M/MØ remains unknown. In this study, our data suggest that Tim-3 and IL-12/IL-23 gene transcriptions are regulated by enhanced or silenced Gal-9 expression within monocytes through synergizing with TLR signaling. Additionally, TLR activation facilitates Gal-9/Tim-3 cis association within the same M/MØ to differentially regulate IL-12/IL-23 expressions through STAT-3 phosphorylation. These results reveal a ligand (Gal-9) compartment-dependent regulatory effect on receptor (Tim-3) activities and inflammatory responses via TLR pathways—a novel mechanism underlying cellular responses to external or internal cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng J. Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Guang Y. Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yong Q. Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- International Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases, 302 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia M. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruo S. Ying
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Hepatology, Guangzhou Number 8 People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xian Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Toshiro Niki
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- GalPharma, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Mitsumi Hirashima
- Department of Immunology and Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
- GalPharma, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Chuan F. Li
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Hepatitis (HCV/HIV) Program, Department of Veterans Affairs, James H. Quillen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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248
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Belladonna ML, Grohmann U. Bioengineering heterodimeric cytokines: turning promiscuous proteins into therapeutic agents. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2013; 29:149-74. [PMID: 24568278 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2013.801228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin 12 (IL-12) family comprises a group of heterodimeric cytokines that can cope with a great variety of immune conditions as the microenvironment demands. By sharing cytokine and receptor subunits, IL-12 (comprised of p40/p35 subunits), IL-23 (p40/p19), IL-27 (p28/EBI3), and IL-35 (p35/EBI3) represent, as a whole, a highly versatile system participating in controlling the continuum from inflammation to tolerance. Promiscuity, a peculiar feature of those cytokines, is a powerful and economic means of producing individual factors with distinct activities via different combinations of a single set of subunits. Whereas IL-12 and IL-23 have a clearly dominant immunostimulatory functional profile and IL-35 is a potent immunosuppressive agent, IL-27 can exert both adjuvant and regulatory effects, depending on the cytokine milieu. Promiscuity itself, however, may significantly hamper the therapeutic use of heterodimeric cytokines. The subunits of a recombinant cytokine, when administered in its native form, will rapidly dissociate in vivo and reassociate with alternative partners, thus generating different heterodimeric or even homodimeric molecules (i.e., p40/p40) with unwanted effects. As in other areas, bioengineering has provided a formidable tool to overcome the constraints associated with the potential use of IL-12 family cytokines. The generation of several gene constructs expressing IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, or even the homodimer p40/p40, in their monomerized, single-chain form has allowed us to unveil the efficacy of those molecules in several experimental settings, including neoplasia, viral infection, chronic inflammation, allergy and autoimmunity. Although work is still needed to obtain an overall picture of therapeutic vs. adverse effects of individual molecules before any use in humans, the new frontiers of bioengineering are now driving the production of completely new combinations of cytokine subunits that may further extend the potential clinical use of such eclectic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Belladonna
- a Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences , University of Perugia , Italy
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Blahoianu MA, Rahimi AAR, Gajanayaka N, Kozlowski M, Angel JB, Kumar A. Engagement of CD14 sensitizes primary monocytes to IFN-γ to produce IL-12/23p40 and IL-23 through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and independent of the janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2013; 33:434-45. [PMID: 23679818 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2012.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-γ is a potent stimulator of the IL-12 family Th1 cytokines, including IL-12/23p40 and IL-23, responsible for coordinating the innate and adaptive immune responses. Our results show that IFN-γ induced the production of IL-12/23p40 and IL-23p19 mRNA as well as IL-12p40 and IL-23 proteins in primary human monocytes isolated by positive selection through anti-CD14 microbeads. These results were confirmed by IFN-γ stimulation of CD14-activated monocytes resulting in IL-12/23p40 and IL-23 production. We investigated the signaling pathways governing the regulation of IL-23 and its subunits IL-23p40 and IL-23p19 following IFN-γ stimulation. We observed a differential regulation of IL-23p19, IL-12/23p40, and IL-23 following IFN-γ stimulation. IFN-γ-induced IL-23 and IL-12/23p40 expression was positively regulated by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), independent of the Janus kinase (Jak)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling. In contrast, IL-12 and IL-23 were negatively regulated by the Jak/STAT, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPKs in IFN-γ-stimulated monocytes. Overall, our results suggest for the first time a differential positive regulation of IL-12p40 and IL-23 by p38 MAPKs independent of the Jak/STAT pathways and negative regulation by the Jak/STAT, JNK, and PI3K pathways in CD14-activated primary human monocytes stimulated with IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Blahoianu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Qiu F, Song L, Yang N, Li X. Glucocorticoid downregulates expression of IL-12 family cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Lupus 2013; 22:1011-6. [PMID: 23884985 DOI: 10.1177/0961203313498799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate expression of interleukin 12 (IL-12) family cytokines IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35 in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and the effect of glucocorticoid (GC) treatment on their expression. METHODS Plasma concentration of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, IL-6 and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies in 30 newly diagnosed severe SLE patients and 30 matched healthy subjects was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlation between the levels of IL-12 family cytokines and the levels of IL-6 or anti-dsDNA antibodies was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of plasma IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, IL-35, IL-6 and anti-dsDNA antibodies were observed in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05), and after prednisone treatment, the serum levels of IL-12 family cytokines decreased significantly. Moreover, serum levels of IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 and IL-35 were correlated with serum levels of IL-6 and anti-dsDNA antibodies in pre-treatment as well as post-treatment SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS SLE patients have increased plasma levels of IL-12 family cytokines and GCs can downregulate the expression of them in SLE patients. Therefore, members of the IL-12 family may be involved in the pathophysiological process of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Qiu
- Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, PR China.
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