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Schäpe SS, Krause JL, Masanetz RK, Riesbeck S, Starke R, Rolle-Kampczyk U, Eberlein C, Heipieper HJ, Herberth G, von Bergen M, Jehmlich N. Environmentally Relevant Concentration of Bisphenol S Shows Slight Effects on SIHUMIx. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091436. [PMID: 32961728 PMCID: PMC7564734 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol S (BPS) is an industrial chemical used in the process of polymerization of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins and thus can be found in various plastic products and thermal papers. The microbiota disrupting effect of BPS on the community structure of the microbiome has already been reported, but little is known on how BPS affects bacterial activity and function. To analyze these effects, we cultivated the simplified human intestinal microbiota (SIHUMIx) in bioreactors at a concentration of 45 µM BPS. By determining biomass, growth of SIHUMIx was followed but no differences during BPS exposure were observed. To validate if the membrane composition was affected, fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) profiles were compared. Changes in the individual membrane fatty acid composition could not been described; however, the saturation level of the membranes slightly increased during BPS exposure. By applying targeted metabolomics to quantify short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), it was shown that the activity of SIHUMIx was unaffected. Metaproteomics revealed temporal effect on the community structure and function, showing that BPS has minor effects on the structure or functionality of SIHUMIx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Serena Schäpe
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.K.M.); (S.R.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Jannike Lea Krause
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Rebecca Katharina Masanetz
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.K.M.); (S.R.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Sarah Riesbeck
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.K.M.); (S.R.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Robert Starke
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ulrike Rolle-Kampczyk
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.K.M.); (S.R.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
| | - Christian Eberlein
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (C.E.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Hermann-Josef Heipieper
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (C.E.); (H.-J.H.)
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (J.L.K.); (G.H.)
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.K.M.); (S.R.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Jehmlich
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research GmbH – UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; (S.S.S.); (R.K.M.); (S.R.); (U.R.-K.); (M.v.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-235-4767
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202
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Allwardt V, Ainscough AJ, Viswanathan P, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Haddrick M, Pensabene V. Translational Roadmap for the Organs-on-a-Chip Industry toward Broad Adoption. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E112. [PMID: 32947816 PMCID: PMC7552662 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-Chip (OOAC) is a disruptive technology with widely recognized potential to change the efficiency, effectiveness, and costs of the drug discovery process; to advance insights into human biology; to enable clinical research where human trials are not feasible. However, further development is needed for the successful adoption and acceptance of this technology. Areas for improvement include technological maturity, more robust validation of translational and predictive in vivo-like biology, and requirements of tighter quality standards for commercial viability. In this review, we reported on the consensus around existing challenges and necessary performance benchmarks that are required toward the broader adoption of OOACs in the next five years, and we defined a potential roadmap for future translational development of OOAC technology. We provided a clear snapshot of the current developmental stage of OOAC commercialization, including existing platforms, ancillary technologies, and tools required for the use of OOAC devices, and analyze their technology readiness levels. Using data gathered from OOAC developers and end-users, we identified prevalent challenges faced by the community, strategic trends and requirements driving OOAC technology development, and existing technological bottlenecks that could be outsourced or leveraged by active collaborations with academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Allwardt
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (V.A.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | | | - Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK; (P.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (V.A.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
| | - John A. McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (V.A.); (S.D.S.); (J.A.M.)
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Malcolm Haddrick
- Medicines Discovery Catapult, Alderley Park, Alderley Edge, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, UK; (P.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Virginia Pensabene
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, School of Medicine, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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203
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Sharma A, Shukla A, Attri K, Kumar M, Kumar P, Suttee A, Singh G, Barnwal RP, Singla N. Global trends in pesticides: A looming threat and viable alternatives. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110812. [PMID: 32512419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely used chemical compounds in agriculture to destroy insects, pests and weeds. In modern era, they form an indispensable part of agricultural and health practices. Globally, nearly 3 billion kg of pesticides are used every year with a budget of ~40 billion USD. This extensive usage has increased the crop yield as well as led to significant reduction in harvest losses and thereby, enhanced food availability. On the other hand, indiscriminate usage of these chemicals has led to several environmental implications and caused adverse effects on human health. Epidemiological evidences have revealed the harmful effects of pesticides exposure on various organs including liver, brain, lungs and colon. Recent investigations have shown that pesticides can also lead to fatal consequences such as cancer among individuals. These chemicals enter ecosystem, thus hampering the sensitive environmental equilibrium through bio-accumulation. Due to their non-biodegradable nature, they can persist in nature for years and are regarded as potent biohazard. Worldwide, very few surveillance methods have been considered, which can bring awareness among the individuals, therefore the present review is an attempt to delineate consequences induced by various types of pesticide exposure on the environment. Further, the prospective of biopesticides use could facilitate the increase of crop production without compromising human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ananya Shukla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kriti Attri
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, 140306, India
| | - Megha Kumar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Puneet Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Ashish Suttee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Gurpal Singh
- UIPS, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | | | - Neha Singla
- Department of Biophysics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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204
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Feng W, Liu J, Ao H, Yue S, Peng C. Targeting gut microbiota for precision medicine: Focusing on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Theranostics 2020; 10:11278-11301. [PMID: 33042283 PMCID: PMC7532689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intra- and interindividual variation in drug responses is one major reason for the failure of drug therapy, drug toxicity, and even the death of patients. Precision medicine, or personalized medicine, is a field of medicine that customizes an individual's medical diagnosis and treatment based on his/her genes, microbiomes, environments, etc. Over the past decade, a large number of studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can modify the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, and the extent of the modification varies greatly from person to person because of the variability of the gut microbiota. Personalized manipulation of gut microbiota is an important approach to rectify the abnormal drug response. In this review, we aim to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity by combining precision medicine and gut microbiota. After describing the interactions between gut microbiota and xenobiotics, we discuss (1) the effects of gut microbiota on drug efficacy and toxicity and the corresponding mechanisms, (2) the variability of gut microbiota, which leads to variation in drug responses, (3) the biomarkers used for the patient stratification and treatment decisions before the use of drugs, and (4) the methods used for the personalized manipulation of gut microbiota to improve drug outcomes. Overall, we hope to improve the drug response by incorporating the knowledge of gut microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuwen Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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205
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Durack J, Christophersen CT. Human Respiratory and Gut Microbiomes-Do They Really Contribute to Respiratory Health? Front Pediatr 2020; 8:528. [PMID: 33014929 PMCID: PMC7509439 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts are colonized by diverse polymicrobial communities shortly after birth, which are continuously molded by environmental exposure. The development of the resident microbiota in early life is a critical factor in the maturation of a healthy immune system. Disturbances to the intricate relationship between environmental exposure and maturation of the infant microbiome have been increasingly identified as a potential contributor to a range of childhood diseases. This review details recent evidence that implicates the contribution of gut and airway microbiome to pediatric respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Durack
- Symbiome Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Claus T. Christophersen
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- WA Human Microbiome Collaboration Centre, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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206
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Degraeve AL, Moudio S, Haufroid V, Chaib Eddour D, Mourad M, Bindels LB, Elens L. Predictors of tacrolimus pharmacokinetic variability: current evidences and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:769-782. [PMID: 32721175 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1803277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In kidney transplantation, tacrolimus (TAC) is at the cornerstone of current immunosuppressive strategies. Though because of its narrow therapeutic index, it is critical to ensure that TAC levels are maintained within this sharp window through reactive adjustments. This would allow maximizing efficiency while limiting drug-associated toxicity. However, TAC high intra- and inter-patient pharmacokinetic (PK) variability makes it more laborious to accurately predict the appropriate dosage required for a given patient. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding drug interactions, demographic and pharmacogenetics factors as predictors of TAC PK. We provide a scoring index for each association to grade its relevance and we present practical recommendations, when possible for clinical practice. EXPERT OPINION The management of TAC concentration in transplanted kidney patients is as critical as it is challenging. Recommendations based on rigorous scientific evidences are lacking as knowledge of potential predictors remains limited outside of DDIs. Awareness of these limitations should pave the way for studies looking at demographic and pharmacogenetic factors as well as gut microbiota composition in order to promote tailored treatment plans. Therapeutic approaches considering patients' clinical singularities may help allowing to maintain appropriate concentration of TAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Degraeve
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (Mnut), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Moudio
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Haufroid
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Djamila Chaib Eddour
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Mourad
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group (Mnut), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Elens
- Integrated Pharmacometrics, Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacokinetics (PMGK), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut De Recherche Expérimentale Et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique De Louvain , Brussels, Belgium
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207
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Seeman MV. The gut microbiome and antipsychotic treatment response. Behav Brain Res 2020; 396:112886. [PMID: 32890599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with psychosis usually respond to one antipsychotic drug and not to another; one third fail to respond to any. Some patients, who initially do well, stop responding. Some develop serious side effects even at low doses. While several of the reasons for this variability are known, many are not. The aim of this review is to explore the potential role of intestinal organisms in response/non-response to antipsychotics. Much of the literature in this field is relatively new and still, for the most part, theoretical. A growing number of animal experiments and clinical trials are starting to point, however, to substantial effects of antipsychotics on the composition of gut bacteria and, reciprocally, to the effects of microbiota on the pharmacokinetics of antipsychotic medication. Because so many factors influence the constituents of the human intestine, it is difficult, at present, to sort out how much one or more either enhance or dampen the benefits of antipsychotics or the character/severity of the adverse effects they induce. Dietary and other therapies are being devised to reverse dysbiosis. If successful, such therapies plus the modification of factors that, together, are known to determine the composition of microbiota could help to maximize the effectiveness of currently available antipsychotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary V Seeman
- Department of Psychiatry, University pf Toronto, Suite #605 260 Heath St. West, Toronto, Ontario, M5P 3L6, Canada.
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208
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Molecular insights into the genome dynamics and interactions between core and acquired genomes of Vibrio cholerae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23762-23773. [PMID: 32873641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006283117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial species are hosts to horizontally acquired mobile genetic elements (MGEs), which encode virulence, toxin, antimicrobial resistance, and other metabolic functions. The bipartite genome of Vibrio cholerae harbors sporadic and conserved MGEs that contribute in the disease development and survival of the pathogens. For a comprehensive understanding of dynamics of MGEs in the bacterial genome, we engineered the genome of V. cholerae and examined in vitro and in vivo stability of genomic islands (GIs), integrative conjugative elements (ICEs), and prophages. Recombinant vectors carrying the integration module of these GIs, ICE and CTXΦ, helped us to understand the efficiency of integrations of MGEs in the V. cholerae chromosome. We have deleted more than 250 acquired genes from 6 different loci in the V. cholerae chromosome and showed contribution of CTX prophage in the essentiality of SOS response master regulator LexA, which is otherwise not essential for viability in other bacteria, including Escherichia coli In addition, we observed that the core genome-encoded RecA helps CTXΦ to bypass V. cholerae immunity and allow it to replicate in the host bacterium in the presence of similar prophage in the chromosome. Finally, our proteomics analysis reveals the importance of MGEs in modulating the levels of cellular proteome. This study engineered the genome of V. cholerae to remove all of the GIs, ICEs, and prophages and revealed important interactions between core and acquired genomes.
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209
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Kirubakaran R, ArulJothi KN, Revathi S, Shameem N, Parray JA. Emerging priorities for microbial metagenome research. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2020; 11:100485. [PMID: 32835181 PMCID: PMC7319936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overwhelming anthropogenic activities lead to deterioration of natural resources and the environment. The microorganisms are considered desirable, due to their suitability for easy genetic manipulation and handling. With the aid of modern biotechnological techniques, the culturable microorganisms have been widely exploited for the benefit of mankind. Metagenomics, a powerful tool to access the abundant biodiversity of the environmental samples including the unculturable microbes, to determine microbial diversity and population structure, their ecological roles and expose novel genes of interest. This review focuses on the microbial adaptations to the adverse environmental conditions, metagenomic techniques employed towards microbial biotechnology. Metagenomic approach helps to understand microbial ecology and to identify useful microbial derivatives like antibiotics, toxins, and enzymes with diverse and enhanced function. It also summarizes the application of metagenomics in clinical diagnosis, improving microbial ecology, therapeutics, xenobiotic degradation and impact on agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K N ArulJothi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Nowsheen Shameem
- Department of Environmental Science, Cluster University Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Javid A Parray
- Department of Environmental Science, Govt SAM Degree College Budgam, J&K, India
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210
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Chaplin A, Gao H, Asase C, Rengasamy P, Park B, Skander D, Bebek G, Rajagopalan S, Maiseyeu A. Systemically-delivered biodegradable PLGA alters gut microbiota and induces transcriptomic reprogramming in the liver in an obesity mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13786. [PMID: 32796856 PMCID: PMC7429827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69745-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable materials, including the widely used poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles contained in slow-release drug formulations, scaffolds and implants, are ubiquitous in modern biomedicine and are considered inert or capable of being metabolized through intermediates such as lactate. However, in the presence of metabolic stress, such as in obesity, the resulting degradation products may play a detrimental role, which is still not well understood. We evaluated the effect of intravenously-administered PLGA nanoparticles on the gut-liver axis under conditions of caloric excess in C57BL/6 mice. Our results show that PLGA nanoparticles accumulate and cause gut acidification in the cecum, accompanied by significant changes in the microbiome, with a marked decrease of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This was associated with transcriptomic reprogramming in the liver, with a downregulation of mitochondrial function, and an increase in key enzymatic, inflammation and cell activation pathways. No changes were observed in systemic inflammation. Metagenome analysis coupled with publicly available microarray data suggested a mechanism of impaired PLGA degradation and intestinal acidification confirming an important enterohepatic axis of metabolite-microbiome interaction resulting in maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Thus, our results have important implications for the investigation of PLGA use in metabolically-compromised clinical and experimental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chaplin
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Huiyun Gao
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Courteney Asase
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Palanivel Rengasamy
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bongsoo Park
- Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Skander
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Gürkan Bebek
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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211
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Coombes Z, Yadav V, E. McCoubrey L, Freire C, W. Basit A, Conlan RS, Gonzalez D. Progestogens Are Metabolized by the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Colonic Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080760. [PMID: 32806503 PMCID: PMC7464400 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Following oral administration, the bioavailability of progestogens is very low and highly variable, in part due to metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes found in the mucosa of the small intestine. Conversely, the mucosa in the colon contains much lower levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes, thus, colonic delivery of progestogens may be beneficial. Microbiota in the colon are known to metabolize a great number of drugs, therefore, it is important to understand the stability of these hormones in the presence of colonic flora before developing formulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability of three progestogens: progesterone, and its two synthetic analogues, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and levonorgestrel (LNG), in the presence of human colonic microbiota. Progesterone, MPA, and LNG were incubated in mixed fecal inoculum (simulated human colonic fluid) under anerobic conditions. Progesterone was completely degraded after 2 h, whereas levels of MPA and LNG were still detectable after 24 h. The half-lives of progesterone, MPA, and LNG in fecal inoculum were 28, 644, and 240 min, respectively. This study describes the kinetics of colonic microbial metabolism of these hormones for the first time. MPA and LNG show promise for delivery to the colon, potentially improving pharmacokinetics over current oral delivery methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Coombes
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Laura E. McCoubrey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Freire
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
- Kuecept Limited, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 1TL, UK
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, WC1N 1AX, UK; (V.Y.); (L.E.M.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
| | - R. Steven Conlan
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
| | - Deyarina Gonzalez
- Institute of Life Science 2, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton, Swansea SA28PP, UK;
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (A.W.B.); (D.G.); Tel.: +44-1792-295384 (Z.C.); +44-1792-602339 (A.W.B.); +44-2077-535865 (D.G.)
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212
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Jung S, Kim J. Biomarker discovery and beyond for diagnosis of bladder diseases. Bladder (San Franc) 2020; 7:e40. [PMID: 32775482 PMCID: PMC7401981 DOI: 10.14440/bladder.2020.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biosignatures of altered cellular landscapes and functions have been casually linked with pathological conditions, which imply the promise of biomarkers specific to bladder diseases, such as bladder cancer and other dysfunctions. Urinary biomarkers are particularly attractive due to costs, time, and the minimal and noninvasive efforts acquiring urine. The evolution of omics platforms and bioinformatics for analyzing the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, lipidome, metabolome, etc., have enabled us to develop more sensitive and disease-specific biomarkers. These discoveries broaden our understanding of the complex biology and pathophysiology of bladder diseases, which can ultimately be translated into the clinical setting. In this short review, we will discuss current efforts on identification of promising urinary biomarkers of bladder diseases and their roles in diagnosis and monitoring. With these considerations, we also aim to provide a prospective view of how we can further utilize these bladder biomarkers in developing ideal and smart medical devices that would be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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213
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Banerjee S, Suter MA, Aagaard KM. Interactions between Environmental Exposures and the Microbiome: Implications for Fetal Programming. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2020; 13:39-48. [PMID: 33283070 PMCID: PMC7716732 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decades of population-based health outcomes data highlight the importance of understanding how environmental exposures in pregnancy affect maternal and neonatal outcomes. Animal model research and epidemiological studies have revealed that such exposures are able to alter fetal programming through stable changes in the epigenome, including altered DNA methylation patterns and histone modifications in the developing fetus and infant. It is similarly known that while microbes can biotransform environmental chemicals via conjugation and de-conjugation, specific exposures can also alter the community profile and function of the human microbiome. In this review, we consider how alterations to the maternal and or fetal/infant microbiome through environmental exposures could directly and indirectly alter fetal programming. We highlight two specific environmental exposures, cadmium (Cd) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and outline their effects on the developing fetus and the perinatal (maternal and fetal/infant) microbiome. We further consider how chemical exposures in the setting of natural disasters may be of particular importance to environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Banerjee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Departments of Molecular & Human Genetics, Molecular & Cell Biology, and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Melissa A. Suter
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Departments of Molecular & Human Genetics, Molecular & Cell Biology, and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Kjersti M. Aagaard
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Departments of Molecular & Human Genetics, Molecular & Cell Biology, and Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030
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214
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Walsh J, Gheorghe CE, Lyte JM, van de Wouw M, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Griffin BT, Clarke G, Hyland NP. Gut microbiome-mediated modulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein: impact of butyrate and fructo-oligosaccharide-inulin. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1072-1081. [PMID: 32337713 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to demonstrate microbial regulation of hepatic genes implicated in drug metabolism and transport using germ-free (GF) mice and to explore the impact of a microbial metabolite, butyrate, and a prebiotic dietary intervention on hepatic gene expression in mice. METHODS Using reverse-transcriptase PCR, we investigated cytochrome P450 (CYP) and multidrug-resistance protein 1 (MDR1) expression in conventional, GF and colonised GF mice. To investigate the effects of butyrate, sodium butyrate (3 g/l) was administered for 21 days to conventional or GF mice. In the prebiotic study, young adult and middle-aged mice received diet enriched with 10% fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS)-inulin for 14 weeks. KEY FINDINGS Colonisation of GF animals normalised expression of Cyp3a11 and Mdr1b to conventional levels. Butyrate upregulated Cyp2b10 in conventional mice (P < 0.05) but overall did not induce widespread changes in hepatic genes. FOS-inulin increased Cyp3a13 expression and had the opposite effect on Mdr1a expression in young adult mice (P < 0.05). Age, on the other hand, influenced the prebiotic effect on Cyp2a4 expression (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The expression of hepatic genes implicated in drug metabolism and transport displays sensitivity to the microbiome, microbiome-derived metabolites and a microbial-targeted intervention. Our study may provide the impetus to explore microbiota-targeted interventions in normalising host metabolic activity and reducing inter-individual variability in drug pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cassandra E Gheorghe
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Joshua M Lyte
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcel van de Wouw
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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215
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Han LW, Wang L, Shi Y, Dempsey JL, Pershutkina OV, Dutta M, Bammler TK, Cui JY, Mao Q. Impact of Microbiome on Hepatic Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Mice during Pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:708-722. [PMID: 32499338 PMCID: PMC7434050 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome and pregnancy are known to alter drug disposition, yet the interplay of the two physiologic factors on the expression and/or activity of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) is unknown. This study investigated the effects of microbiome on host hepatic DMETs in mice during pregnancy by comparing four groups of conventional (CV) and germ-free (GF) female mice and pregnancy status, namely, CV nonpregnant, GF non-pregnant, CV pregnant, and GF pregnant mice. Transcriptomic and targeted proteomics of hepatic DMETs were profiled by using multiomics. Plasma bile acid and steroid hormone levels were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. CYP3A activities were measured by mouse liver microsome incubations. The trend of pregnancy-induced changes in the expression or activity of hepatic DMETs in CV and GF mice was similar; however, the magnitude of change was noticeably different. For certain DMETs, pregnancy status had paradoxical effects on mRNA and protein expression in both CV and GF mice. For instance, the mRNA levels of Cyp3a11, the murine homolog of human CYP3A4, were decreased by 1.7-fold and 3.3-fold by pregnancy in CV and GF mice, respectively; however, the protein levels of CYP3A11 were increased similarly ∼twofold by pregnancy in both CV and GF mice. Microsome incubations revealed a marked induction of CYP3A activity by pregnancy that was 10-fold greater in CV mice than that in GF mice. This is the first study to show that the microbiome can alter the expression and/or activity of hepatic DMETs in pregnancy. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We demonstrated for the first time that microbiome and pregnancy can interplay to alter the expression and/or activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Though the trend of pregnancy-induced changes in the expression or activity of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters in conventional and germ-free mice was similar, the magnitude of change was noticeably different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyrialle W Han
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lu Wang
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph L Dempsey
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olesya V Pershutkina
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theo K Bammler
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julia Y Cui
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Qingcheng Mao
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (L.W.H., Q.M.) and Medicinal Chemistry (Y.S.), School of Pharmacy, Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (L.W., J.L.D., M.D., T.K.B., J.Y.C.), and Department of Comparative Medicine, School of Medicine (O.V.P.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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216
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García-Villalba R, Beltrán D, Frutos MD, Selma MV, Espín JC, Tomás-Barberán FA. Metabolism of different dietary phenolic compounds by the urolithin-producing human-gut bacteria Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens. Food Funct 2020; 11:7012-7022. [PMID: 32716447 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01649g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gordonibacter urolithinfaciens and Ellagibacter isourolithinifaciens are two human gut bacterial species that convert ellagic acid into urolithins. Urolithins are bioactive postbiotics produced by dehydroxylation reactions catalyzed by different catechol-dehydroxylases. The metabolic ability of these anaerobic bacteria on other dietary-phenolic compounds is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the metabolism of flavonoids (quercetin, hesperetin, hesperidin, nobiletin, catechin, isoxanthohumol), isoflavonoids (daidzein), coumarins (esculetin, umbelliferone, scoparone), phenylpropanoids [caffeic acid; 3-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (dihydrocaffeic acid); rosmarinic acid, and chlorogenic acid], benzoic acid derivatives (gallic acid, ellagic acid), lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside), stilbenes (resveratrol), and secoiridoids (oleuropein) by G. urolithinfaciens DSM 27213T and E. isourolithinifaciens DSM 104140T. Both strains metabolized ellagic acid leading to the characteristic urolithins. They also metabolized caffeic, dihydrocaffeic, rosmarinic, and chlorogenic acids. The rest of the phenolic compounds were not transformed. Catechol dehydroxylation and double bond reduction were prominent transformations observed during the incubations. The enzymatic activities seem to have a narrow substrate scope as many catechol- (quercetin, catechin, esculetin, gallic acid) and double bond-containing (resveratrol, esculetin, scoparone, umbelliferone) phenolics were not metabolized. The catechol-dehydroxylase activity was more efficient in E. isourolithinifaciens, while the reductase activity was more relevant in G. urolithinfaciens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
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217
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Bajinka O, Tan Y, Abdelhalim KA, Özdemir G, Qiu X. Extrinsic factors influencing gut microbes, the immediate consequences and restoring eubiosis. AMB Express 2020; 10:130. [PMID: 32710186 PMCID: PMC7381537 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01066-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From the emerging studies, the more diverse the microbial population in the gut, the healthier the gut. Health benefits are associated with the functional characteristics of these diverse microbial genes. Extrinsic factors causing dysbiosis are extensively studied however, linking the varying degree of consequences to the respective factors and therapeutic possibilities are not explored at length. This review aims to examine from previous studies and put forward the types of dysbiosis, the immediate consequences and the scientific approaches to restore disrupted microbiota. Dietary supplements are found to be one of the factors contributing profoundly to the alteration of gut microbiota. While diet rich in fibre and fermented food established a diverse microbiome and produce vital metabolites, high fat, animal proteins and high caloric carbohydrate are as well relative to dysbiosis among infants, adult or diseases individuals. The intermittent fasting, feeding methods, the pH and water quality are among the factors associated with dysbiosis. Prebiotics and Probiotics maintain and restore gut homeostasis. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis are relatively on the spectrum of activity, the pharmacokinetics properties, the dose taken during the treatment route of administration and the duration of drug therapy. The higher the altitude, the lesser the diversity. Extreme temperatures as well are related to reduced microbial activity and metabolism. Delivery through caserium-section deprived the newborn from restoring valuable vaginal bacterial species and the baby will instead assumed intestinal microbiota-like. While exercise and oxidative stress contribute even though moderately, fecal microbial transfer (FMT) also influence gut microbiota.
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218
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Mendez-Catala DM, Spenkelink A, Rietjens IM, Beekmann K. An in vitromodel to quantify interspecies differences in kinetics for intestinal microbial bioactivation and detoxification of zearalenone. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:938-946. [PMID: 32793423 PMCID: PMC7406981 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin known for its estrogenic activities. The metabolism of ZEN plays a role in the interspecies differences in sensitivity to ZEN, and is known to occur in the liver and via the intestinal microbiota, although the relative contribution of these two pathways remains to be characterized. In the present study a fecal in vitro model was optimized and used to quantify the interspecies differences in kinetics of the intestinal microbial metabolism of ZEN in rat, pig and human. Vmax, Km, and catalytic efficiencies (kcat) were determined, and results obtained reveal that the kcat values for formation of α-ZEL and β-ZEL amounted to 0.73 and 0.12 mL/h/kg bw for human microbiota, 2.6 and 1.3 mL/h/kg bw for rat microbiota and 9.4 and 6.3 mL/h/kg bw for pig microbiota showing that overall ZEN metabolism increased in the order human < rat < pig microbiota. Expressed per kg bw the kcat for ZEN metabolism by the liver surpassed that of the intestinal microbiota in all three species. In conclusion, it is estimated that the activity of the intestinal colon microbiome may be up to 36 % of the activity of the liver, and that it can additionally contribute to the species differences in bioactivation and detoxification and thus the toxicity of ZEN in pigs and rats but not in humans. The results highlight the importance of the development of human specific models for the assessment of the metabolism of ZEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M. Mendez-Catala
- Corresponding author at: Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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219
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An 1,4-α-Glucosyltransferase Defines a New Maltodextrin Catabolism Scheme in Lactobacillus acidophilus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.00661-20. [PMID: 32444471 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00661-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The maltooligosaccharide (MOS) utilization locus in Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, a model for human small-intestine lactobacilli, encodes three glycoside hydrolases (GHs): a putative maltogenic α-amylase of family 13, subfamily 20 (LaGH13_20), a maltose phosphorylase of GH65 (LaGH65), and a family 13, subfamily 31, member (LaGH13_31B), annotated as a 1,6-α-glucosidase. Here, we reveal that LaGH13_31B is a 1,4-α-glucosyltransferase that disproportionates MOS with a degree of polymerization of ≥2, with a preference for maltotriose. Kinetic analyses of the three GHs encoded by the MOS locus revealed that the substrate preference of LaGH13_31B toward maltotriose complements the ~40-fold lower k cat of LaGH13_20 toward this substrate, thereby enhancing the conversion of odd-numbered MOS to maltose. The concerted action of LaGH13_20 and LaGH13_31B confers the efficient conversion of MOS to maltose that is phosphorolyzed by LaGH65. Structural analyses revealed the presence of a flexible elongated loop that is unique for a previously unexplored clade of GH13_31, represented by LaGH13_31B. The identified loop insertion harbors a conserved aromatic residue that modulates the activity and substrate affinity of the enzyme, thereby offering a functional signature of this clade, which segregates from 1,6-α-glucosidases and sucrose isomerases previously described within GH13_31. Genomic analyses revealed that the LaGH13_31B gene is conserved in the MOS utilization loci of lactobacilli, including acidophilus cluster members that dominate the human small intestine.IMPORTANCE The degradation of starch in the small intestine generates short linear and branched α-glucans. The latter are poorly digestible by humans, rendering them available to the gut microbiota, e.g., lactobacilli adapted to the small intestine and considered beneficial to health. This study unveils a previously unknown scheme of maltooligosaccharide (MOS) catabolism via the concerted activity of an 1,4-α-glucosyltransferase together with a classical hydrolase and a phosphorylase. The intriguing involvement of a glucosyltransferase likely allows the fine-tuning of the regulation of MOS catabolism for optimal harnessing of this key metabolic resource in the human small intestine. The study extends the suite of specificities that have been identified in GH13_31 and highlights amino acid signatures underpinning the evolution of 1,4-α-glucosyl transferases that have been recruited in the MOS catabolism pathway in lactobacilli.
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220
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Goldberg H, Mohsin FK, Saskin R, Kulkarni GS, Berlin A, Kenk M, Wallis CJD, Chandrasekar T, Klaassen Z, Saarela O, Penn L, Alibhai SMH, Fleshner N. The deleterious association between proton pump inhibitors and prostate cancer-specific mortality - a population-based cohort study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2020; 23:622-629. [PMID: 32641738 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-020-0248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed medications that have been shown to have contradicting effects on cancer. We aimed to investigate the effect of pantoprazole and other PPIs on prostate cancer (PCa) specific mortality (PCSM), use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and PCa diagnosis using a large Canadian population-based cohort. METHODS We identified 21,512 men aged ≥ 66, with a history of a single negative prostate biopsy and no previous use of any of the analyzed medications between 1994 and 2016. Multivariable Cox regression models with time-dependent covariates were used to assess the associations of PPIs with PCa outcomes. All models included other medications with a putative chemopreventative effect on PCa-outcomes, and were adjusted for age, rurality, comorbidity, and study inclusion year. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 8.06 years (SD 5.44 years), 10,999 patients (51.1%) used a PPI, 5187 patients (24.1%) had PCa, 2043 patients (9.5%) were treated with ADT, and 805 patients (3.7%) died from PCa. For every 6 months of cumulative use, pantoprazole was associated with a 3.0% (95% CI 0.3-6.0%) increased rate of ADT use, while any use of other PPIs was associated with a 39.0% (95% CI 18.0-64.0%) increased risk of PCSM. No association was found with PCa diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Upon validation of the potentially negative association of PPIs with PCa, PPI use may need to be reassessed in PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Goldberg
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. .,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Faizan K Mohsin
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Refik Saskin
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Girish S Kulkarni
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto; and Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Miran Kenk
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J D Wallis
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thenappan Chandrasekar
- Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zachary Klaassen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Olli Saarela
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Linda Penn
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shabbir M H Alibhai
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network and the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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221
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Magana M, Pushpanathan M, Santos AL, Leanse L, Fernandez M, Ioannidis A, Giulianotti MA, Apidianakis Y, Bradfute S, Ferguson AL, Cherkasov A, Seleem MN, Pinilla C, de la Fuente-Nunez C, Lazaridis T, Dai T, Houghten RA, Hancock REW, Tegos GP. The value of antimicrobial peptides in the age of resistance. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2020; 20:e216-e230. [PMID: 32653070 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 136.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accelerating growth and global expansion of antimicrobial resistance has deepened the need for discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial peptides have clear advantages over conventional antibiotics which include slower emergence of resistance, broad-spectrum antibiofilm activity, and the ability to favourably modulate the host immune response. Broad bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial peptides offers an additional tool to expand knowledge about the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Structural and functional limitations, combined with a stricter regulatory environment, have hampered the clinical translation of antimicrobial peptides as potential therapeutic agents. Existing computational and experimental tools attempt to ease the preclinical and clinical development of antimicrobial peptides as novel therapeutics. This Review identifies the benefits, challenges, and opportunities of using antimicrobial peptides against multidrug-resistant pathogens, highlights advances in the deployment of novel promising antimicrobial peptides, and underlines the needs and priorities in designing focused development strategies taking into account the most advanced tools available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Biopathology and Clinical Microbiology, Aeginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ana L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA; Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Leon Leanse
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Fernandez
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Steven Bradfute
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Global Health, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Andrew L Ferguson
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Institute for Computational Science, and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Themis Lazaridis
- Department of Chemistry, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Programs in Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - George P Tegos
- Reading Hospital, Tower Health, West Reading, PA, USA; Micromoria, Venture X Marlborough, Marlborough, MA, USA.
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222
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Zou L, Spanogiannopoulos P, Pieper LM, Chien HC, Cai W, Khuri N, Pottel J, Vora B, Ni Z, Tsakalozou E, Zhang W, Shoichet BK, Giacomini KM, Turnbaugh PJ. Bacterial metabolism rescues the inhibition of intestinal drug absorption by food and drug additives. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16009-16018. [PMID: 32571913 PMCID: PMC7355017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920483117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and drug products contain diverse and abundant small-molecule additives (excipients) with unclear impacts on human physiology, drug safety, and response. Here, we evaluate their potential impact on intestinal drug absorption. By screening 136 unique compounds for inhibition of the key intestinal transporter OATP2B1 we identified and validated 24 potent OATP2B1 inhibitors, characterized by higher molecular weight and hydrophobicity compared to poor or noninhibitors. OATP2B1 inhibitors were also enriched for dyes, including 8 azo (R-N=N-R') dyes. Pharmacokinetic studies in mice confirmed that FD&C Red No. 40, a common azo dye excipient and a potent inhibitor of OATP2B1, decreased the plasma level of the OATP2B1 substrate fexofenadine, suggesting that FD&C Red No. 40 has the potential to block drug absorption through OATP2B1 inhibition in vivo. However, the gut microbiomes of multiple unrelated healthy individuals as well as diverse human gut bacterial isolates were capable of inactivating the identified azo dye excipients, producing metabolites that no longer inhibit OATP2B1 transport. These results support a beneficial role for the microbiome in limiting the unintended effects of food and drug additives in the intestine and provide a framework for the data-driven selection of excipients. Furthermore, the ubiquity and genetic diversity of gut bacterial azoreductases coupled to experiments in conventionally raised and gnotobiotic mice suggest that variations in gut microbial community structure may be less important to consider relative to the high concentrations of azo dyes in food products, which have the potential to saturate gut bacterial enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Peter Spanogiannopoulos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Lindsey M Pieper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Huan-Chieh Chien
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Wenlong Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Natalia Khuri
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Joshua Pottel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- QB3 Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Bianca Vora
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Zhanglin Ni
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Eleftheria Tsakalozou
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
- QB3 Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158;
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158
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223
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Moran-Ramos S, Lopez-Contreras BE, Villarruel-Vazquez R, Ocampo-Medina E, Macias-Kauffer L, Martinez-Medina JN, Villamil-Ramirez H, León-Mimila P, Del Rio-Navarro BE, Ibarra-Gonzalez I, Vela-Amieva M, Gomez-Perez FJ, Velazquez-Cruz R, Salmeron J, Reyes-Castillo Z, Aguilar-Salinas C, Canizales-Quinteros S. Environmental and intrinsic factors shaping gut microbiota composition and diversity and its relation to metabolic health in children and early adolescents: A population-based study. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:900-917. [PMID: 31973685 PMCID: PMC7524342 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1712985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota, by influencing multiple metabolic processes in the host, is an important determinant of human health and disease. However, gut dysbiosis associated with metabolic complications shows inconsistent patterns. This is likely driven by factors shaping gut microbial composition that have largely been under-evaluated, at a population level, in school-age children, especially from developing countries. RESULTS Through characterization, by 16S sequencing, of the largest gut microbial population-based school-aged children cohort in Latin America (ORSMEC, N = 926, aged 6-12 y), we identified associations of 14 clinical and environmental covariates (PFDR<0.1), collectively explaining 15.7% of the inter-individual gut microbial variation. Extrinsic factors such as markers of socioeconomic status showed a major influence in the most abundant taxa and in the enterotypes' distribution. Age was positively correlated with higher diversity, but only in normal-weight children (rho = 0.138, P =2 × 10-3). In contrast, this correlation although not significant, was negative in overweight and obese children (rho = -0.125, P = 0.104 and rho = -0.058, P = 0.409, respectively). Finally, co-abundance groups (CAGs) were associated with the presence of metabolic complications. CONCLUSIONS Our study offers evidence that the presence of overweight and obesity could impair the microbial diversity maturation associated with age. Furthermore, it provides novel results toward a better understanding of gut microbiota in the pediatric population that will ultimately help to develop therapeutic approaches to improve metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Moran-Ramos
- Catedratica, Consejo Nacional De Ciencia Y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City, México,Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Blanca E. Lopez-Contreras
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Ricardo Villarruel-Vazquez
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Elvira Ocampo-Medina
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Luis Macias-Kauffer
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Jennifer N. Martinez-Medina
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Hugo Villamil-Ramirez
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Paola León-Mimila
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México
| | - Blanca E. Del Rio-Navarro
- Servicio de Alergia e Inmunologia Clinica, Hospital Infantil México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, México
| | - Isabel Ibarra-Gonzalez
- Instituto De Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM - Instituto Nacional De Pediatría, Mexico City, México
| | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratorio De Errores Innatos Del Metabolismo Y Tamiz, Instituto Nacional De Pediatría, Mexico City, México
| | - Francisco J Gomez-Perez
- Departamento De Endocrinología Y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Jorge Salmeron
- Centro de Investigación en Políticas, Población y Salud de la Facultad de Medicina-UNAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutricion (IICAN), Universidad de Guadalajara - Centro Universitario del Sur, Ciudad Guzman, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Aguilar-Salinas
- Unidad De Investigación En Enfermedades Metabólicas and Departamento De Endocrinología Y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico,Tecnológico De Monterrey, Escuela De Medicina Y Ciencias De La Salud, Monterrey, México
| | - Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
- Unidad De Genómica De Poblaciones Aplicada a La Salud, Facultad De Química, UNAM/Instituto Nacional De Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City, México,CONTACT Samuel Canizales-Quinteros
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224
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Liu Z, Luo G, Du R, Sun W, Li J, Lan H, Chen P, Yuan X, Cao D, Li Y, Liu C, Liang S, Jin X, Yang R, Bi Y, Han Y, Cao P, Zhao W, Ling S, Li Y. Effects of spaceflight on the composition and function of the human gut microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:807-819. [PMID: 31924114 PMCID: PMC7524348 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1710091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interaction between humans and the gut microbiota is important for human physiology. Here, the gut microbiota was analyzed via metagenomic sequencing, and the fluctuations in the gut microbiota under the conditions of spaceflight were characterized. The composition and function of the gut microbiota were substantially affected by spaceflight; however, individual specificity was uncompromised. We further confirmed the species fluctuations and functional genes from both missions. Resistance and virulence genes in the gut microbiota were affected by spaceflight, but the species attributions remained stable. Spaceflight markedly affected the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, implying that the human gut microbiota is sensitive to spaceflight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Gui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Lan
- Key Lab of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Chen
- Key Lab of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dengchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Cao
- Key Lab of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Lab of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China,CONTACT Shukuan Ling Key Lab of Space Nutrition and Food Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China,Yingxian Li
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225
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Sutherland VL, McQueen CA, Mendrick D, Gulezian D, Cerniglia C, Foley S, Forry S, Khare S, Liang X, Manautou JE, Tweedie D, Young H, Alekseyenko AV, Burns F, Dietert R, Wilson A, Chen C. The Gut Microbiome and Xenobiotics: Identifying Knowledge Gaps. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:1-10. [PMID: 32658296 PMCID: PMC7850111 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing awareness that the gut microbiome plays a critical role in human health and disease, but mechanistic insights are often lacking. In June 2018, the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) held a workshop, "The Gut Microbiome: Markers of Human Health, Drug Efficacy and Xenobiotic Toxicity" (https://hesiglobal.org/event/the-gut-microbiome-workshop) to identify data gaps in determining how gut microbiome alterations may affect human health. Speakers and stakeholders from academia, government, and industry addressed multiple topics including the current science on the gut microbiome, endogenous and exogenous metabolites, biomarkers, and model systems. The workshop presentations and breakout group discussions formed the basis for identifying data gaps and research needs. Two critical issues that emerged were defining the microbial composition and function related to health and developing standards for models, methods and analysis in order to increase the ability to compare and replicate studies. A series of key recommendations were formulated to focus efforts to further understand host-microbiome interactions and the consequences of exposure to xenobiotics as well as identifying biomarkers of microbiome-associated disease and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L Sutherland
- National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina 27709
| | - Charlene A McQueen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
| | - Donna Mendrick
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | | | - Carl Cerniglia
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Steven Foley
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Sam Forry
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993
| | - Xue Liang
- Merck Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Donald Tweedie
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033
| | - Howard Young
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunometabolism, Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Alexander V Alekseyenko
- Program for Human Microbiome Research, Biomedical Informatics Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare Leadership & Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
| | | | - Rod Dietert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850
| | - Alan Wilson
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Pathology, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Houston, Texas 77381
| | - Connie Chen
- Health and Environmental Sciences Institute, Washington, District of Columbia 20005
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226
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Gut microbiota and aging-A focus on centenarians. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165765. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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227
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Javdan B, Lopez JG, Chankhamjon P, Lee YCJ, Hull R, Wu Q, Wang X, Chatterjee S, Donia MS. Personalized Mapping of Drug Metabolism by the Human Gut Microbiome. Cell 2020; 181:1661-1679.e22. [PMID: 32526207 PMCID: PMC8591631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome harbors hundreds of bacterial species with diverse biochemical capabilities. Dozens of drugs have been shown to be metabolized by single isolates from the gut microbiome, but the extent of this phenomenon is rarely explored in the context of microbial communities. Here, we develop a quantitative experimental framework for mapping the ability of the human gut microbiome to metabolize small molecule drugs: Microbiome-Derived Metabolism (MDM)-Screen. Included are a batch culturing system for sustained growth of subject-specific gut microbial communities, an ex vivo drug metabolism screen, and targeted and untargeted functional metagenomic screens to identify microbiome-encoded genes responsible for specific metabolic events. Our framework identifies novel drug-microbiome interactions that vary between individuals and demonstrates how the gut microbiome might be used in drug development and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Javdan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jaime G Lopez
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | | | - Ying-Chiang J Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Raphaella Hull
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Qihao Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Seema Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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228
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Microbial transmission in animal social networks and the social microbiome. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1020-1035. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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229
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Altamura F, Maurice CF, Castagner B. Drugging the gut microbiota: toward rational modulation of bacterial composition in the gut. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 56:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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230
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Alvarez Y, Glotfelty LG, Blank N, Dohnalová L, Thaiss CA. The Microbiome as a Circadian Coordinator of Metabolism. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa059. [PMID: 32291454 PMCID: PMC7899566 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The microbiome is critically involved in the regulation of systemic metabolism. An important but poorly understood facet of this regulation is the diurnal activity of the microbiome. Herein, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the diurnal properties of the microbiome and their integration into the circadian regulation of organismal metabolism. The microbiome may be involved in the detrimental consequences of circadian disruption for host metabolism and the development of metabolic disease. At the same time, the mechanisms by which microbiome diurnal activity is integrated into host physiology reveal several translational opportunities by which the time of day can be harnessed to optimize microbiome-based therapies. The study of circadian microbiome properties may thus provide a new avenue for treating disorders associated with circadian disruption from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelina Alvarez
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lila G Glotfelty
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Niklas Blank
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Lenka Dohnalová
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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231
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The central role of gut microbiota in drug metabolism and personalized medicine. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1197-1200. [PMID: 32466672 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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232
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Abstract
Background Enzymatic and chemical reactions are key for understanding biological processes in cells. Curated databases of chemical reactions exist but these databases struggle to keep up with the exponential growth of the biomedical literature. Conventional text mining pipelines provide tools to automatically extract entities and relationships from the scientific literature, and partially replace expert curation, but such machine learning frameworks often require a large amount of labeled training data and thus lack scalability for both larger document corpora and new relationship types. Results We developed an application of Snorkel, a weakly supervised learning framework, for extracting chemical reaction relationships from biomedical literature abstracts. For this work, we defined a chemical reaction relationship as the transformation of chemical A to chemical B. We built and evaluated our system on small annotated sets of chemical reaction relationships from two corpora: curated bacteria-related abstracts from the MetaCyc database (MetaCyc_Corpus) and a more general set of abstracts annotated with MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) term Bacteria (Bacteria_Corpus; a superset of MetaCyc_Corpus). For the MetaCyc_Corpus, we obtained 84% precision and 41% recall (55% F1 score). Extending to the more general Bacteria_Corpus decreased precision to 62% with only a four-point drop in recall to 37% (46% F1 score). Overall, the Bacteria_Corpus contained two orders of magnitude more candidate chemical reaction relationships (nine million candidates vs 68,0000 candidates) and had a larger class imbalance (2.5% positives vs 5% positives) as compared to the MetaCyc_Corpus. In total, we extracted 6871 chemical reaction relationships from nine million candidates in the Bacteria_Corpus. Conclusions With this work, we built a database of chemical reaction relationships from almost 900,000 scientific abstracts without a large training set of labeled annotations. Further, we showed the generalizability of our initial application built on MetaCyc documents enriched with chemical reactions to a general set of articles related to bacteria.
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233
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The role of the microbiome and psychosocial stress in the expression and activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8529. [PMID: 32444678 PMCID: PMC7244717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is involved in a number of different metabolic processes of the host organism, including the metabolism of xenobiotics. In our study, we focused on liver cytochromes P450 (CYPs), which can metabolize a wide range of exo- and endogenous molecules. We studied changes in mRNA expression and CYP enzyme activities, as well as the mRNA expression of transcription factors that have an important role in CYP expression, all in stressed germ-free (GF) and stressed specific-pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Besides the presence of the gut microbiota, we looked at the difference between acute and chronic stress. Our results show that stress has an impact on CYP mRNA expression, but it is mainly chronic stress that has a significant effect on enzyme activities along with the gut microbiome. In acutely stressed mice, we observed significant changes at the mRNA level, however, the corresponding enzyme activities were not influenced. Our study suggests an important role of the gut microbiota along with chronic psychosocial stress in the expression and activity of CYPs, which can potentially lead to less effective drug metabolism and, as a result, a harmful impact on the organism.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role of the gut microbiota in patients' response to medicinal drugs. In our recent study, we combined genomics of human gut commensals and gnotobiotic animal experiments to quantify microbiota and host contributions to drug metabolism. Informed by experimental data, we built a physiology-based pharmacokinetic model of drug metabolism that includes intestinal compartments with microbiome drug-metabolizing activity. This model successfully predicted serum levels of metabolites of three different drugs, quantified microbial contribution to systemic drug metabolite exposure, and simulated the effect of different parameters on host and microbiota drug metabolism. In this addendum, we expand these simulations to assess the effect of microbiota on the systemic drug and metabolite levels under conditions of altered host physiology, microbiota drug-metabolizing activity or physico-chemical properties of drugs. This work illustrates how and under which circumstances the gut microbiome may influence drug pharmacokinetics, and discusses broader implications of expanded pharmacokinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zimmermann-Kogadeeva
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Zimmermann
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew L. Goodman
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,CONTACT Andrew L. Goodman Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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235
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Thiele I, Sahoo S, Heinken A, Hertel J, Heirendt L, Aurich MK, Fleming RMT. Personalized whole-body models integrate metabolism, physiology, and the gut microbiome. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e8982. [PMID: 32463598 PMCID: PMC7285886 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20198982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive molecular-level models of human metabolism have been generated on a cellular level. However, models of whole-body metabolism have not been established as they require new methodological approaches to integrate molecular and physiological data. We developed a new metabolic network reconstruction approach that used organ-specific information from literature and omics data to generate two sex-specific whole-body metabolic (WBM) reconstructions. These reconstructions capture the metabolism of 26 organs and six blood cell types. Each WBM reconstruction represents whole-body organ-resolved metabolism with over 80,000 biochemical reactions in an anatomically and physiologically consistent manner. We parameterized the WBM reconstructions with physiological, dietary, and metabolomic data. The resulting WBM models could recapitulate known inter-organ metabolic cycles and energy use. We also illustrate that the WBM models can predict known biomarkers of inherited metabolic diseases in different biofluids. Predictions of basal metabolic rates, by WBM models personalized with physiological data, outperformed current phenomenological models. Finally, integrating microbiome data allowed the exploration of host-microbiome co-metabolism. Overall, the WBM reconstructions, and their derived computational models, represent an important step toward virtual physiological humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Thiele
- School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
- Discipline of MicrobiologySchool of Natural SciencesNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
- APC MicrobiomeCorkIreland
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Swagatika Sahoo
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Present address:
Department of Chemical Engineering, and Initiative for Biological Systems Engineering (IBSE)Indian Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia
| | - Almut Heinken
- School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
| | - Johannes Hertel
- School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Laurent Heirendt
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Maike K Aurich
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Ronan MT Fleming
- School of MedicineNational University of IrelandGalwayIreland
- Division of Analytical BiosciencesLeiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchFaculty of ScienceUniversity of LeidenLeidenThe Netherlands
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236
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Ly LK, Rowles JL, Paul HM, Alves JMP, Yemm C, Wolf PM, Devendran S, Hudson ME, Morris DJ, Erdman JW, Ridlon JM. Bacterial steroid-17,20-desmolase is a taxonomically rare enzymatic pathway that converts prednisone to 1,4-androstanediene-3,11,17-trione, a metabolite that causes proliferation of prostate cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105567. [PMID: 31870912 PMCID: PMC7333170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adrenal gland has traditionally been viewed as a source of "weak androgens"; however, emerging evidence indicates 11-oxy-androgens of adrenal origin are metabolized in peripheral tissues to potent androgens. Also emerging is the role of gut bacteria in the conversion of C21 glucocorticoids to 11-oxygenated C19 androgens. Clostridium scindens ATCC 35,704 is a gut microbe capable of converting cortisol into 11-oxy-androgens by cleaving the side-chain. The desA and desB genes encode steroid-17,20-desmolase. Our prior study indicated that the urinary tract bacterium, Propionimicrobium lymphophilum ACS-093-V-SCH5 encodes desAB and converts cortisol to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione. We wanted to determine how widespread this function occurs in the human microbiome. Phylogenetic and sequence similarity network analyses indicated that the steroid-17,20-desmolase pathway is taxonomically rare and located in gut and urogenital microbiomes. Two microbes from each of these niches, C. scindens and Propionimicrobium lymphophilum, respectively, were screened for activity against endogenous (cortisol, cortisone, and allotetrahydrocortisol) and exogenous (prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone, and 9-fluorocortisol) glucocorticoids. LC/MS analysis showed that both microbes were able to side-chain cleave all glucocorticoids, forming 11-oxy-androgens. Pure recombinant DesAB from C. scindens showed the highest activity against prednisone, a commonly prescribed glucocorticoid. In addition, 0.1 nM 1,4-androstadiene-3,11,17-trione, bacterial side-chain cleavage product of prednisone, showed significant proliferation relative to vehicle in androgen-dependent growth LNCaP prostate cancer cells after 24 h (2.3 fold; P < 0.01) and 72 h (1.6 fold; P < 0.01). Taken together, DesAB-expressing microbes may be an overlooked source of androgens in the body, potentially contributing to various disease states, such as prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Ly
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joe L Rowles
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hans Müller Paul
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - João M P Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camdon Yemm
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Patricia M Wolf
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Saravanan Devendran
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew E Hudson
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL, USA; Illinois Informatics Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David J Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jason M Ridlon
- Microbiome Metabolic Engineering Theme, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Cancer Center of Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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237
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Scher JU, Nayak RR, Ubeda C, Turnbaugh PJ, Abramson SB. Pharmacomicrobiomics in inflammatory arthritis: gut microbiome as modulator of therapeutic response. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:282-292. [PMID: 32157196 PMCID: PMC11221369 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past three decades, extraordinary advances have been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of, and treatment options for, inflammatory arthritides, including rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. The use of methotrexate and subsequently biologic therapies (such as TNF inhibitors, among others) and oral small molecules have substantially improved clinical outcomes for many patients with inflammatory arthritis; for others, however, these agents do not substantially improve their symptoms. The emerging field of pharmacomicrobiomics, which investigates the effect of variations within the human gut microbiome on drugs, has already provided important insights into these therapeutics. Pharmacomicrobiomic studies have demonstrated that human gut microorganisms and their enzymatic products can affect the bioavailability, clinical efficacy and toxicity of a wide array of drugs through direct and indirect mechanisms. This discipline promises to facilitate the advent of microbiome-based precision medicine approaches in inflammatory arthritis, including strategies for predicting response to treatment and for modulating the microbiome to improve response to therapy or reduce drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose U Scher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Renuka R Nayak
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carles Ubeda
- Centro Superior de Investigacion en Salud Publica - FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven B Abramson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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238
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Xu H, Wang X, Feng W, Liu Q, Zhou S, Liu Q, Cai L. The gut microbiota and its interactions with cardiovascular disease. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:637-656. [PMID: 31984651 PMCID: PMC7111081 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is colonized by a considerable community of microorganisms that cohabits within the host and plays a critical role in maintaining host homeostasis. Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that the gut microbial ecology plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Moreover, the effects of imbalances in microbe-host interactions on homeostasis can lead to the progression of CVD. Alterations in the composition of gut flora and disruptions in gut microbial metabolism are implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Furthermore, the gut microbiota functions like an endocrine organ that produces bioactive metabolites, including trimethylamine/trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids, which are also involved in host health and disease via numerous pathways. Thus, the gut microbiota and its metabolic pathways have attracted growing attention as a therapeutic target for CVD treatment. The fundamental purpose of this review was to summarize recent studies that have illustrated the complex interactions between the gut microbiota, their metabolites and the development of common CVD, as well as the effects of gut dysbiosis on CVD risk factors. Moreover, we systematically discuss the normal physiology of gut microbiota and potential therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbiota to prevent and treat CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
- Pediatric Research InstituteDepartment of Pediatricsthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Wenke Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Medicinethe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou325035China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Quan Liu
- Cardiovascular Centerthe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun130021China
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research InstituteDepartment of Pediatricsthe University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40202USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicologythe University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisvilleKY40202USA
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239
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Metatax: Metataxonomics with a Compi-Based Pipeline for Precision Medicine. Interdiscip Sci 2020; 12:252-257. [PMID: 32350726 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-020-00368-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The human body immune system, metabolism and homeostasis are affected by microbes. Dysbiosis occurs when the homeostatic equilibrium is disrupted due to an alteration in the normal microbiota of the intestine. Dysbiosis can cause cancer, and also affect a patient's ability to respond to treatment. Metataxonomics seeks to identify the bacteria present in a biological sample, based on the sequencing of the 16S rRNA genetic marker. Precision medicine attempts to find relationships between the microbiota and the risk of acquiring cancer, and design new therapies targeting bacteria. Flexible and portable bioinformatic pipelines are necessary to be able to bring metataxonomics to the clinical field, which allow groups of biological samples to be classified according to their diversity in the microbiota. With this aim we implemented Metatax, a new pipeline to analyze biological samples based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results obtained with our pipeline should complement those obtained by sequencing a patient's DNA and RNA, in addition to clinical data, to improve knowledge of the possible reasons for a disease or a worse response to treatment.
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240
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Guo Y, Lee H, Jeong H. Gut microbiota in reductive drug metabolism. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:61-93. [PMID: 32475528 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gut bacteria are predominant microorganisms in the gut microbiota and have been recognized to mediate a variety of biotransformations of xenobiotic compounds in the gut. This review is focused on one of the gut bacterial xenobiotic metabolisms, reduction. Xenobiotics undergo different types of reductive metabolisms depending on chemically distinct groups: azo (-NN-), nitro (-NO2), alkene (-CC-), ketone (-CO), N-oxide (-NO), and sulfoxide (-SO). In this review, we have provided select examples of drugs in six chemically distinct groups that are known or suspected to be subjected to the reduction by gut bacteria. For some drugs, responsible enzymes in specific gut bacteria have been identified and characterized, but for many drugs, only circumstantial evidence is available that indicates gut bacteria-mediated reductive metabolism. The physiological roles of even known gut bacterial enzymes have not been well defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukuang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hyunwoo Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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241
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Zhang R, Gao X, Bai H, Ning K. Traditional Chinese Medicine and Gut Microbiome: Their Respective and Concert Effects on Healthcare. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:538. [PMID: 32390855 PMCID: PMC7188910 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in systems biology, particularly based on the omics approaches, have resulted in a paradigm shift in both traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the gut microbiome research. In line with this paradigm shift, the importance of TCM and gut microbiome in healthcare, as well as their interplay, has become clearer. Firstly, we briefly summarize the current status of three topics in this review: microbiome, TCM, and relationship of TCM and microbiome. Second, we focused on TCM's therapeutic effects and gut microbiome's mediation roles, including the relationships among diet, gut microbiome, and health care. Third, we have summarized some databases and tools to help understand the impact of TCM and gut microbiome on diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Finally, we introduce the effects of gut microbiome on TCM and host health, with two case studies, one on the metabolic effect of gut microbiome on TCM, and another on cancer treatment. In summary, we have reviewed the current status of the two components of healthcare: TCM and gut microbiome, as well as their concert effects. It is quite clear that as the holobiont, the maintenance of the health status of human would depend heavily on TCM, gut microbiome, and their combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kang Ning
- School of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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242
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Abdelsalam NA, Ramadan AT, ElRakaiby MT, Aziz RK. Toxicomicrobiomics: The Human Microbiome vs. Pharmaceutical, Dietary, and Environmental Xenobiotics. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:390. [PMID: 32372951 PMCID: PMC7179069 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmful impact of xenobiotics on the environment and human health is being more widely recognized; yet, inter- and intraindividual genetic variations among humans modulate the extent of harm, mostly through modulating the outcome of xenobiotic metabolism and detoxification. As the Human Genome Project revealed that host genetic, epigenetic, and regulatory variations could not sufficiently explain the complexity of interindividual variability in xenobiotics metabolism, its sequel, the Human Microbiome Project, is investigating how this variability may be influenced by human-associated microbial communities. Xenobiotic-microbiome relationships are mutual and dynamic. Not only does the human microbiome have a direct metabolizing potential on xenobiotics, but it can also influence the expression of the host metabolizing genes and the activity of host enzymes. On the other hand, xenobiotics may alter the microbiome composition, leading to a state of dysbiosis, which is linked to multiple diseases and adverse health outcomes, including increased toxicity of some xenobiotics. Toxicomicrobiomics studies these mutual influences between the ever-changing microbiome cloud and xenobiotics of various origins, with emphasis on their fate and toxicity, as well the various classes of microbial xenobiotic-modifying enzymes. This review article discusses classic and recent findings in toxicomicrobiomics, with examples of interactions between gut, skin, urogenital, and oral microbiomes with pharmaceutical, food-derived, and environmental xenobiotics. The current state and future prospects of toxicomicrobiomic research are discussed, and the tools and strategies for performing such studies are thoroughly and critically compared.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Tarek Ramadan
- The Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Tarek ElRakaiby
- The Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy Karam Aziz
- The Center for Genome and Microbiome Research, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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243
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Fadda HM. The Route to Palatable Fecal Microbiota Transplantation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:114. [PMID: 32296975 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-1637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The community of symbiotic microorganisms that reside in our gastrointestinal tract is integral to human health. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been shown to be highly effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) and is now recommended by medical societies for patients suffering from rCDI who have failed to respond to conventional therapy. The main challenges with FMT are its accessibility, acceptability, lack of standardization, and regulatory complexity, which will be discussed in this review. Access to FMT is being addressed through the development of frozen and lyophilized FMT preparations that can be prepared at stool banks and shipped to the point of care. Both access and patient acceptance would be enhanced by oral FMT capsules, and there is potential to reduce capsule burden by utilizing colonic release capsules, targeting the site of disease. This review compares the efficacy of different FMT routes of administration: capsules, nasal feeding tubes, enemas, and colonoscopic infusions. FMT is considered investigational by the Food and Drug Administration. In effort to improve access to FMT, physicians may perform FMT outside of an investigational new drug application for treating CDI infections not responsive to standard therapies. The majority of FMT studies report only minor adverse effects; however, there is risk of transmission of infections.
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244
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Terefe Y, Deblais L, Ghanem M, Helmy YA, Mummed B, Chen D, Singh N, Ahyong V, Kalantar K, Yimer G, Yousuf Hassen J, Mohammed A, McKune SL, Manary MJ, Ordiz MI, Gebreyes W, Havelaar AH, Rajashekara G. Co-occurrence of Campylobacter Species in Children From Eastern Ethiopia, and Their Association With Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Diarrhea, and Host Microbiome. Front Public Health 2020; 8:99. [PMID: 32351922 PMCID: PMC7174729 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High Campylobacter prevalence during early childhood has been associated with stunting and environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), especially in low resource settings. This study assessed the prevalence, diversity, abundance, and co-occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in stools from children in a rural area of eastern Ethiopia and their association with microbiome, diarrhea, and EED in children. Stool samples (n = 100) were collected from randomly selected children (age range: 360-498 days) in five kebeles in Haramaya District, Ethiopia. Diarrhea, compromised gut permeability, and gut inflammation were observed in 48, 45, and 57% of children, respectively. Campylobacter prevalence and species diversity were assessed using PCR and meta-total RNA sequencing (MeTRS). The prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in the children's stools was 50% (41-60%) by PCR and 88% (80-93.6%) by MeTRS (P < 0.01). Further, seven Campylobacter species (Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis, Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter sp. RM6137, uncultured Campylobacter sp., and Campylobacter sp. RM12175) were detected by MeTRS in at least 40% of children stools in high abundance (>1.76-log read per million per positive stool sample). Four clusters of Campylobacter species (5-12 species per cluster) co-occurred in the stool samples, suggesting that Campylobacter colonization of children may have occurred through multiple reservoirs or from a reservoir in which several Campylobacter species may co-inhabit. No associations between Campylobacter spp., EED, and diarrhea were detected in this cross-sectional study; however, characteristic microbiome profiles were identified based on the prevalence of Campylobacter spp., EED severity, and diarrhea. Forty-seven bacterial species were correlated with Campylobacter, and 13 of them also correlated with gut permeability, gut inflammation and/or EED severity. Forty-nine species not correlated with Campylobacter were correlated with gut permeability, gut inflammation, EED severity and/or diarrhea. This study demonstrated that (1) in addition to C. jejuni and C. coli, multiple non-thermophilic Campylobacter spp. (i.e., Campylobacter hyointestinalis, Campylobacter fetus, and Campylobacter concisus) were frequently detected in the children's stools and (2) the Campylobacter, gut permeability, gut inflammation, EED severity, and diarrhea were associated with characteristic microbiome composition. Additional spatial and longitudinal studies are needed to identify environmental reservoirs and sources of infection of children with disparate Campylobacter species and to better define their associations with EED in low-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitagele Terefe
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Loïc Deblais
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mostafa Ghanem
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Bahar Mummed
- Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Dehao Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nitya Singh
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Vida Ahyong
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Getnet Yimer
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jemal Yousuf Hassen
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Sarah L. McKune
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mark J. Manary
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MI, United States
| | - Maria Isabel Ordiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St. Louis, MI, United States
| | - Wondwossen Gebreyes
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Arie H. Havelaar
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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245
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Recent Advances in Psoriasis Research; the Clue to Mysterious Relation to Gut Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072582. [PMID: 32276410 PMCID: PMC7177330 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disease, characterized by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells, myeloid dendritic cells, Th17 cells, and hyperproliferating keratinocytes. Recent studies revealed skin-resident cells have pivotal roles in developing psoriatic skin lesions. The balance in effector T cells and regulatory T cells is disturbed, leading Foxp3-positive regulatory T cells to produce proinflammatory IL-17. Not only acquired but also innate immunity is important in psoriasis pathogenesis, especially in triggering the disease. Group 3 innate lymphoid cell are considered one of IL-17-producing cells in psoriasis. Short chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota stabilize expression of Foxp3 in regulatory T cells, thereby stabilizing their function. The composition of gut microbiota influences the systemic inflammatory status, and associations been shown with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, psychomotor diseases, and other systemic inflammatory disorders. Psoriasis has been shown to frequently comorbid with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, psychomotor disease and obesity, and recent report suggested the similar abnormality in gut microbiota as the above comorbid diseases. However, the precise mechanism and relation between psoriasis pathogenesis and gut microbiota needs further investigation. This review introduces the recent advances in psoriasis research and tries to provide clues to solve the mysterious relation of psoriasis and gut microbiota.
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246
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Villette R, Kc P, Beliard S, Salas Tapia MF, Rainteau D, Guerin M, Lesnik P. Unraveling Host-Gut Microbiota Dialogue and Its Impact on Cholesterol Levels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:278. [PMID: 32308619 PMCID: PMC7145900 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption in cholesterol metabolism, particularly hypercholesterolemia, is a significant cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Large interindividual variations in plasma cholesterol levels are traditionally related to genetic factors, and the remaining portion of their variance is accredited to environmental factors. In recent years, the essential role played by intestinal microbiota in human health and diseases has emerged. The gut microbiota is currently viewed as a fundamental regulator of host metabolism and of innate and adaptive immunity. Its bacterial composition but also the synthesis of multiple molecules resulting from bacterial metabolism vary according to diet, antibiotics, drugs used, and exposure to pollutants and infectious agents. Microbiota modifications induced by recent changes in the human environment thus seem to be a major factor in the current epidemic of metabolic/inflammatory diseases (diabetes mellitus, liver diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia). Epidemiological and preclinical studies report associations between bacterial communities and cholesterolemia. However, such an association remains poorly investigated and characterized. The objectives of this review are to present the current knowledge on and potential mechanisms underlying the host-microbiota dialogue for a better understanding of the contribution of microbial communities to the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy Villette
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Pukar Kc
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Beliard
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1263, INRA, C2VN, Marseille, France.,APHM, La Conception Hospital, Marseille, France
| | | | - Dominique Rainteau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de Métabolomique Clinique, Paris, France
| | - Maryse Guerin
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lesnik
- INSERM, UMRS U1166, "Integrative Biology of Atherosclerosis" and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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247
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Walsh J, Olavarria-Ramirez L, Lach G, Boehme M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Griffin BT, Hyland NP, Clarke G. Impact of host and environmental factors on β-glucuronidase enzymatic activity: implications for gastrointestinal serotonin. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 318:G816-G826. [PMID: 32146834 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00026.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract houses a reservoir of bacterial-derived enzymes that can directly catalyze the metabolism of drugs, dietary elements and endogenous molecules. Both host and environmental factors may influence this enzymatic activity, with the potential to dictate the availability of the biologically-active form of endogenous molecules in the gut and influence inter-individual variation in drug metabolism. We aimed to investigate the influence of the microbiota, and the modulation of its composition, on fecal enzymatic activity. Intrinsic factors related to the host, including age, sex and genetic background, were also explored. Fecalase, a cell-free extract of feces, was prepared and used in a colorimetric-based assay to quantify enzymatic activity. To demonstrate the functional effects of fecal enzymatic activity, we examined β-glucuronidase-mediated cleavage of serotonin β-d-glucuronide (5-HT-GLU) and the resultant production of free 5-HT by HPLC. As expected, β-glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity were absent in germ-free mice. Enzymatic activity was significantly influenced by mouse strain and animal species. Sex and age significantly altered metabolic activity with implications for free 5-HT. β-Glucuronidase and β-glucosidase activity remained at reduced levels for nearly two weeks after cessation of antibiotic administration. This effect on fecalase corresponded to significantly lower 5-HT levels as compared with incubation with pre-antibiotic fecalase from the same mice. Dietary targeting of the microbiota using prebiotics did not alter β-glucuronidase or β-glucosidase activity. Our data demonstrate that multiple factors influence the activity of bacterial-derived enzymes which may have potential clinical implications for drug metabolism and the deconjugation of host-produced glucuronides in the gut.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This article explores a comprehensive range of host and environmental factors that introduce variability in the expression of bacterial-derived metabolic enzymes. Our results demonstrate that altered β-glucuronidase activity has implications for the bioavailability of luminal serotonin. The experimental approach employed, fecalase, provides a mechanistic basis and translational platform to further delineate the functional outputs of altered metabolic activity, and the associated physiological effects of microbiota-targeted interventions on host response to drugs and host-produced glucuronides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Loreto Olavarria-Ramirez
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gilliard Lach
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marcus Boehme
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Brendan T Griffin
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Niall P Hyland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Maternal and Child Health Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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248
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Abstract
The intestinal microbiome encodes vast metabolic potential, and multidisciplinary approaches are enabling a mechanistic understanding of how bacterial enzymes impact the metabolism of diverse pharmaceutical compounds, including chemotherapeutics. Microbiota alter the activity of many drugs and chemotherapeutics via direct and indirect mechanisms; some of these alterations result in changes to the drug's bioactivity and bioavailability, causing toxic gastrointestinal side effects. Gastrointestinal toxicity is one of the leading complications of systemic chemotherapy, with symptoms including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Patients undergo dose reductions or drug holidays to manage these adverse events, which can significantly harm prognosis, and can result in mortality. Selective and precise targeting of the gut microbiota may alleviate these toxicities. Understanding the composition and function of the microbiota may serve as a biomarker for prognosis, and predict treatment efficacy and potential adverse effects, thereby facilitating personalized medicine strategies for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Ervin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 250 Bell Tower Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Aadra P. Bhatt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 111 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Corresponding author:
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249
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Sanchez-Rodriguez E, Egea-Zorrilla A, Plaza-Díaz J, Aragón-Vela J, Muñoz-Quezada S, Tercedor-Sánchez L, Abadia-Molina F. The Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2020; 12:605. [PMID: 32110880 PMCID: PMC7146472 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of gut microbiota in health and disease is being highlighted by numerous research groups worldwide. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of heart disease and stroke, is responsible for about 50% of all cardiovascular deaths. Recently, gut dysbiosis has been identified as a remarkable factor to be considered in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we briefly discuss how external factors such as dietary and physical activity habits influence host-microbiota and atherogenesis, the potential mechanisms of the influence of gut microbiota in host blood pressure and the alterations in the prevalence of those bacterial genera affecting vascular tone and the development of hypertension. We will also be examining the microbiota as a therapeutic target in the prevention of CVDs and the beneficial mechanisms of probiotic administration related to cardiovascular risks. All these new insights might lead to novel analysis and CVD therapeutics based on the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Sanchez-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Alejandro Egea-Zorrilla
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Section of Integrative Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 51, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Sergio Muñoz-Quezada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile;
- National Agency for Medicines (ANAMED), Public Health Institute, Santiago 7780050, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Abadia-Molina
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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250
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Xu Y, Wang N, Tan HY, Li S, Zhang C, Feng Y. Function of Akkermansia muciniphila in Obesity: Interactions With Lipid Metabolism, Immune Response and Gut Systems. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:219. [PMID: 32153527 PMCID: PMC7046546 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its metabolic syndrome, including liver disorders and type 2 diabetes, are a worldwide epidemic and are intimately linked to diet. The gut microbiota interaction has been pointed to as a hot topic of research in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases by influencing energy metabolism and the immune system. In terms of the novel beneficial microbes identified, Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) colonizes the mucosa layer of the gut and modulates basal metabolism. A. muciniphila is consistently correlated with obesity. The causal beneficial impact of A. muciniphila treatment on obesity is coming to light, having been proved by a variety of animal models and human studies. A. muciniphila has been characterized as a beneficial player in body metabolism and has great prospects for treatments of the metabolic disorders associated with obesity, as well as being considered for next-generation therapeutic agents. This paper aimed to investigate the basic mechanism underlying the relation of A. muciniphila to obesity and its host interactions, as identified in recent discoveries, facilitating the establishment of the causal relationship in A. muciniphila-associated therapeutic supplement in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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