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Li J, Zhang R, Ma J, Tang S, Li Y, Li Y, Wan J. Mucosa-Associated Microbial Profile Is Altered in Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:710940. [PMID: 34421869 PMCID: PMC8372370 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.710940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overall gut microbial profile of patients with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has not been thoroughly investigated. We investigated the microbial communities of mucosal specimens from the duodenum, ileum, sigmoid colon, and feces of patients with and without SIBO, as diagnosed by lactulose breath testing. The bacteria present in the mucosal and fecal samples were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Further analysis was performed using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size method, random forest analysis, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. The microbial diversities of the fecal samples were significantly lower than those of the mucosal samples from the duodenum, ileum, and sigmoid colon (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), while the bacterial compositions of the ileac mucosal samples and sigmoid mucosal samples were similar. The bacterial composition of either the fecal or duodenal mucosal samples were significantly different from those of the other three groups (ANOSIM R = 0.305, P = 0.001). The bacterial compositions of the mucosal samples of the duodenum, ileum, and sigmoid colon in the SIBO + subjects were significantly different from those of the SIBO− subjects (ANOSIM P = 0.039, 0.002, and 0.007, respectively). The relative abundances of 7, 18, and 8 genera were significantly different (LDA score > 3) in the mucosal samples of the duodenum, ileum, and sigmoid colon between the SIBO + and SIBO− groups. Four genera (Lactobacillus, Prevotella_1, Dialister, and norank_f__Ruminococcaceae) showed similar changes among the mucosal samples of the duodenum, ileum, and sigmoid colon in the SIBO + subjects. A signature consisting of four genera in the duodenal mucosa, three genera in the ileac mucosa, or six genera in the mucosa of the sigmoid colon exhibited predictive power for SIBO (area under the curve = 0.9, 0.93, and 0.87, respectively). This study provides a comprehensive profile of the gut microbiota in patients with SIBO. Dysbiosis was observed in the mucosa-associated gut microbiome but not in the fecal microbiome of patients with SIBO. Furthermore, we identified mucosa-associated taxa that may be potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets of SIBO. Further investigation is needed on their mechanisms and roles in SIBO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The 983th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA, Tianjin, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxia Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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202
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Induri SNR, Kansara P, Thomas SC, Xu F, Saxena D, Li X. The Gut Microbiome, Metformin, and Aging. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:85-108. [PMID: 34449247 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051920-093829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metformin has been extensively used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and it may also promote healthy aging. Despite its widespread use and versatility, metformin's mechanisms of action remain elusive. The gut typically harbors thousands of bacterial species, and as the concentration of metformin is much higher in the gut as compared to plasma, it is plausible that microbiome-drug-host interactions may influence the functions of metformin. Detrimental perturbations in the aging gut microbiome lead to the activation of the innate immune response concomitant with chronic low-grade inflammation. With the effectiveness of metformin in diabetes and antiaging varying among individuals, there is reason to believe that the gut microbiome plays a role in the efficacy of metformin. Metformin has been implicated in the promotion and maintenance of a healthy gut microbiome and reduces many age-related degenerative pathologies. Mechanistic understanding of metformin in the promotion of a healthy gut microbiome and aging will require a systems-level approach. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Nitya Reddy Induri
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Payalben Kansara
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Scott C Thomas
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Fangxi Xu
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Deepak Saxena
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; .,Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA;
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203
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Fan X, Jin Y, Chen G, Ma X, Zhang L. Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Drives the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Digestion 2021; 102:508-515. [PMID: 32932258 DOI: 10.1159/000508328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is a diverse community of microbes that maintain the stability of the intestinal environment. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to gastrointestinal diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) - a leading cause of death for cancer patients. SUMMARY Candidate pathogens have been identified using bacterial culture and high-throughput sequencing techniques. Currently, there is evidence to show that specific intestinal microbes drive CRC development and progression, yet their pathogenic mechanisms are still unclear. Key Messages: In this review, we describe the known healthy gut microbiota and its changes in CRC. We especially focus on exploring the pathogenic mechanisms of gut microbiota dysbiosis in CRC. This is crucial for explaining how gut microbiota dysbiosis drives the process of colorectal carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Evaluation of changes in the gut microbiota during CRC development and progression offers a new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yuelei Jin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Taizhou University Hospital, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Xueqiang Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China,
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204
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Derosa L, Routy B, Desilets A, Daillère R, Terrisse S, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Microbiota-Centered Interventions: The Next Breakthrough in Immuno-Oncology? Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2396-2412. [PMID: 34400407 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cancer-immune dialogue subject to immuno-oncological intervention is profoundly influenced by microenvironmental factors. Indeed, the mucosal microbiota-and more specifically, the intestinal ecosystem-influences the tone of anticancer immune responses and the clinical benefit of immunotherapy. Antibiotics blunt the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and fecal microbial transplantation may restore responsiveness of ICI-resistant melanoma. Here, we review the yin and yang of intestinal bacteria at the crossroads between the intestinal barrier, metabolism, and local or systemic immune responses during anticancer therapies. We discuss diagnostic tools to identify gut dysbiosis and the future prospects of microbiota-based therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE: Given the recent proof of concept of the potential efficacy of fecal microbial transplantation in patients with melanoma primarily resistant to PD-1 blockade, it is timely to discuss how and why antibiotics compromise the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, describe the balance between beneficial and harmful microbial species in play during therapies, and introduce the potential for microbiota-centered interventions for the future of immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Derosa
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Antoine Desilets
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Safae Terrisse
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue contre le Cancer, Université de Paris, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France. .,Université Paris-Saclay, Ile-de-France, France.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,EverImmune, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (BIOTHERIS) 1428, Villejuif, France
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205
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Gut microbial changes of patients with psychotic and affective disorders: A systematic review. Schizophr Res 2021; 234:1-10. [PMID: 31952911 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many diverse inflammatory pathophysiologic mechanisms have been linked to mental disorders, and through the past decade an increasing interest in the gut microbiota and its relation to mental health has been arising. We aimed to systematically review studies of alterations in gut microbiota of patients suffering from psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or depression compared to healthy controls. METHODS We systematically searched the databases CENTRAL, PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and LILACS. Primary outcome was to compare the gut microbiota of patients suffering from psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or depression with healthy controls. RESULTS We identified 17 studies, covering 744 patients and 620 healthy controls. The most consistent microbiota changes were a tendency towards higher abundance of Actinobacteria and lower abundance of Firmicutes at the phylum level, lower abundance of Lachnospiraceae at family level and lower abundance of Faecalibacterium at genus level for the mental disorders overall. However, we found that all studies had risk of bias and that the included studies displayed great variability in methods of storage, analysis of the fecal samples, reporting of results and statistics used. CONCLUSION Due to the many limitations of the included studies the findings should be interpreted with caution. Larger studies (especially of schizophrenia and major depressive disorder) are needed, but it is also of great importance to gather information of and control for factors that influence the result of a microbiota analysis including body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, diet habits, antibiotics, sample handling, wet laboratory methods and statistics.
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206
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Van Lier YF, Van den Brink MRM, Hazenberg MD, Markey KA. The post-hematopoietic cell transplantation microbiome: relationships with transplant outcome and potential therapeutic targets. Haematologica 2021; 106:2042-2053. [PMID: 33882637 PMCID: PMC8327718 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.270835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota injury occurs in many patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, likely as a consequence of conditioning regimens involving chemo- and radiotherapy, the widespread use of both prophylactic and therapeutic antibiotics, and profound dietary changes during the peri-transplant period. Peri-transplant dysbiosis is characterized by a decrease in bacterial diversity, loss of commensal bacteria and single-taxon domination (e.g., with Enterococcal strains). Clinically, deviation of the post-transplant microbiota from a normal, high-diversity, healthy state has been associated with increased risk of bacteremia, development of graft-versus-host disease and decreases in overall survival. A number of recent clinical trials have attempted to target the microbiota in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation patients via dietary interventions, selection of therapeutic antibiotics, administration of pre- or pro-biotics, or by performing fecal microbiota transplantation. These strategies have yielded promising results but the mechanisms by which these interventions influence transplant-related complications remain largely unknown. In this review we summarize the current approaches to targeting the microbiota, discuss potential underlying mechanisms and highlight the key outstanding areas that require further investigation in order to advance microbiota- targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannouck F Van Lier
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam
| | - Marcel R M Van den Brink
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AII), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam
| | - Kate A Markey
- Adult Bone Marrow Transplantation Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
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207
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Teng NMY, Price CA, McKee AM, Hall LJ, Robinson SD. Exploring the impact of gut microbiota and diet on breast cancer risk and progression. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:494-504. [PMID: 33521932 PMCID: PMC8650995 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that resident microbiota communities, that is, the microbiota, play a key role in cancer outcomes and anticancer responses. Although this has been relatively well studied in colorectal cancer and melanoma, other cancers, such as breast cancer (BrCa), have been largely overlooked to date. Importantly, many of the environmental factors associated with BrCa incidence and progression are also known to impact the microbiota, for example, diet and antibiotics. Here, we explore BrCa risk factors from large epidemiology studies and microbiota associations, and more recent studies that have directly profiled BrCa patients' gut microbiotas. We also discuss how in vivo studies have begun to unravel the immune mechanisms whereby the microbiota may influence BrCa responses, and finally we examine how diet and specific nutrients are also linked to BrCa outcomes. We also consider future research avenues and important considerations with respect to study design and implementation, and we highlight some of the important unresolved questions, which currently limit our overall understanding of the mechanisms underpinning microbiota-BrCa responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy M. Y. Teng
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Christopher A. Price
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Alastair M. McKee
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- Chair of Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL‐Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Stephen D. Robinson
- Gut Microbes & HealthQuadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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208
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Doaré E, Héry-Arnaud G, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Alegria GC. Healthy Patients Are Not the Best Controls for Microbiome-Based Clinical Studies: Example of Sjögren's Syndrome in a Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699011. [PMID: 34394092 PMCID: PMC8358393 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction It has been hypothesized that gut and oral dysbiosis may contribute to the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this systematic review was to assemble available data regarding the oral and gut microbiota in pSS and to compare them to data from healthy individuals and patients with dry symptoms without a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome or lupus disease to identify dysbiosis and discuss the results. Methodology Using the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies that compared the oral and gut microbiota of Sjögren's patients and controls. The PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched. Results Two-hundred and eighty-nine studies were found, and 18 studies were included: 13 referred to the oral microbiota, 4 referred to the gut microbiota, and 1 referred to both anatomical sites. The most frequent controls were healthy volunteers and patients with sicca symptoms. The most common analysis method used was 16S-targeted metagenomics. The results were mostly heterogeneous, and the results regarding diversity were not always in accordance. Dysbiosis in pSS was not confirmed, and reduced salivary secretion seems to explain more microbial changes than the underlying disease. Conclusion These heterogeneous results might be explained by the lack of a standardized methodology at each step of the process and highlight the need for guidelines. Our review provides evidence that sicca patients seem to be more relevant than healthy subjects as a control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Doaré
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
| | - Geneviève Héry-Arnaud
- UMR1078, Génétique, Génomique Fonctionnelle Et Biotechnologies, INSERM, Université de Brest, EFS, IBSAM, Brest, France.,Centre Brestois d'Analyse du Microbiote, Hôpital La Cavale Blanche, CHRU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
| | - Guillermo Carvajal Alegria
- Rheumatology Department, Reference Centre of Rare Autoimmune Diseases, Cavale Blanche Hospital and Brest University, INSERM UMR 1227, Brest, France
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209
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Vuong HE, Coley EJL, Kazantsev M, Cooke ME, Rendon TK, Paramo J, Hsiao EY. Interactions between maternal fluoxetine exposure, the maternal gut microbiome and fetal neurodevelopment in mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 410:113353. [PMID: 33979656 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely used treatment by women experiencing depression during pregnancy. However, the effects of maternal SSRI use on early offspring development remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that SSRIs can modify the gut microbiota and interact directly with particular gut bacteria, raising the question of whether the gut microbiome impacts host responses to SSRIs. In this study, we investigate effects of prenatal SSRI exposure on fetal neurodevelopment and further evaluate potential modulatory influences of the maternal gut microbiome. We demonstrate that maternal treatment with the SSRI fluoxetine induces widespread alterations in the fetal brain transcriptome during midgestation, including increases in the expression of genes relevant to synaptic organization and neuronal signaling and decreases in the expression of genes related to DNA replication and mitosis. Notably, maternal fluoxetine treatment from E7.5 to E14.5 has no overt effects on the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. However, maternal pretreatment with antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome substantially modifies transcriptional responses of the fetal brain to maternal fluoxetine treatment. In particular, maternal fluoxetine treatment elevates localized expression of the opioid binding protein/cell adhesion molecule like gene Opcml in the fetal thalamus and lateral ganglionic eminence, which is prevented by maternal antibiotic treatment. Together, these findings reveal that maternal fluoxetine treatment alters gene expression in the fetal brain through pathways that are impacted, at least in part, by the presence of the maternal gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Vuong
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Elena J L Coley
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maria Kazantsev
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michaela E Cooke
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tomiko K Rendon
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jorge Paramo
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Elaine Y Hsiao
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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210
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Effects of Baduanjin Exercise on Antihypertensive Medication Reduction in Older Patients with Hypertension: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8663022. [PMID: 34335840 PMCID: PMC8324341 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8663022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a serious global public health problem, and its incidence increases with age. Research has suggested that multiple antihypertensive prescriptions may be harmful to older individuals with hypertension. Baduanjin, a widely practiced physical activity in China, has been used as an adjuvant therapy to antihypertensive treatment in older individuals with hypertension. Therefore, the aim of the current study is to investigate whether Baduanjin exercise could reduce the need for antihypertensive medications in older patients. Methods This single-center, open, randomized controlled trial will be conducted in China. Seventy eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either the 12-week Baduanjin exercise group or the 12-week aerobic exercise group (5 times a week), at a ratio of 1 : 1. The primary outcome will include the proportion of participants who reduce their antihypertensive medications. The secondary outcomes will include the changes in mean office systolic and diastolic pressure, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, health-related quality of life (based on SF-36), and gut microbiota composition. Discussion. The results of this study will provide powerful evidence for the use of Baduanjin as an adjuvant therapy for antihypertensive medication reduction in older people with hypertension and therefore find the best treatment for hypertension. This trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (ChiCTR1900024429).
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211
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McCoubrey LE, Gaisford S, Orlu M, Basit AW. Predicting drug-microbiome interactions with machine learning. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107797. [PMID: 34260950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pivotal work in recent years has cast light on the importance of the human microbiome in maintenance of health and physiological response to drugs. It is now clear that gastrointestinal microbiota have the metabolic power to promote, inactivate, or even toxify the efficacy of a drug to a level of clinically relevant significance. At the same time, it appears that drug intake has the propensity to alter gut microbiome composition, potentially affecting health and response to other drugs. Since the precise composition of an individual's microbiome is unique, one's drug-microbiome relationship is similarly unique. Thus, in the age of evermore personalised medicine, the ability to predict individuals' drug-microbiome interactions is highly sought. Machine learning (ML) offers a powerful toolkit capable of characterising and predicting drug-microbiota interactions at the individual patient level. ML techniques have the potential to learn the mechanisms operating drug-microbiome activities and measure patients' risk of such occurrences. This review will outline current knowledge at the drug-microbiota interface, and present ML as a technique for examining and forecasting personalised drug-microbiome interactions. When harnessed effectively, ML could alter how the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare professionals consider the drug-microbiome axis in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mine Orlu
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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212
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McCoubrey LE, Elbadawi M, Orlu M, Gaisford S, Basit AW. Machine Learning Uncovers Adverse Drug Effects on Intestinal Bacteria. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1026. [PMID: 34371718 PMCID: PMC8308984 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, composed of trillions of microorganisms, plays an essential role in human health. Many factors shape gut microbiome composition over the life span, including changes to diet, lifestyle, and medication use. Though not routinely tested during drug development, drugs can exert profound effects on the gut microbiome, potentially altering its functions and promoting disease. This study develops a machine learning (ML) model to predict whether drugs will impair the growth of 40 gut bacterial strains. Trained on over 18,600 drug-bacteria interactions, 13 distinct ML models are built and compared, including tree-based, ensemble, and artificial neural network techniques. Following hyperparameter tuning and multi-metric evaluation, a lead ML model is selected: a tuned extra trees algorithm with performances of AUROC: 0.857 (±0.014), recall: 0.587 (±0.063), precision: 0.800 (±0.053), and f1: 0.666 (±0.042). This model can be used by the pharmaceutical industry during drug development and could even be adapted for use in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abdul W. Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (L.E.M.); (M.E.); (M.O.); (S.G.)
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213
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Liu F, Ren T, Li X, Zhai Q, Xu X, Zhang N, Jiang P, Niu Y, Lv L, Shi G, Feng N. Distinct Microbiomes of Gut and Saliva in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematous and Clinical Associations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626217. [PMID: 34276643 PMCID: PMC8281017 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the microbiome of the gut and oral cavity are involved in the etiopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to assess whether both microbiome compositions in feces and saliva were specific in patients with SLE. A total of 35 patients with SLE, as well as sex- and age-matched asymptomatic subjects as healthy control (HC) group were recruited. Fecal swabs and saliva samples were collected from the participants. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed on the samples. Compared with the HC group, reduced bacterial richness and diversity were detected in the feces of patients with SLE, and increased bacterial diversity in their saliva. Both feces and saliva samples explained the cohort variation. The feces were characterized by enrichment of Lactobacillus, and depletion of an unclassified bacterium in the Ruminococcaceae family and Bifidobacterium. Lack of Bifidobacterium was observed in patients with arthritis. Akkermansia and Ruminococcus negatively correlated with the serum levels of C3. In saliva, Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Prevotella were dominant, and Bacteroides was negatively associated with disease activity. These findings can assist us to comprehensively understand the bacterial profiles of different body niches in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Liu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tianli Ren
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaodi Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xifeng Xu
- Department of Outpatient, Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaofang Niu
- Research and Development Department, Hangzhou Guhe Information and Technology Company, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longxian Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - GuoXun Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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214
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Wu S, Zuo J, Cheng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Wu M, Yang Y, Tong H. Ethanol extract of Sargarsum fusiforme alleviates HFD/STZ-induced hyperglycemia in association with modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites in type 2 diabetic mice. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110550. [PMID: 34399527 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is considered a rapidly growing chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide. Extracts of various seaweeds have been shown to have anti-diabetic activity. Sargarsum fusiforme, an edible brown seaweed, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activities. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effect of an ethanol extract of S. fusiforme (EE) on type 2 diabetes in mice induced with high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Administering EE to the diabetic mice significantly reduced food intake, water intake and fasting blood glucose (FBG), while improving glucose tolerance, lipid profile and ameliorating hepatic oxidative stress. Furthermore, these animals also exhibited significantly diminished epididymal fat deposition, as well as less pathological changes in the heart and liver tissues, while displaying some highly enriched benign gut bacteria (e.g., Intestinimonas, Oscillibacter, Lachnoclostridium, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia and Anaerotruncus) and a lower abundance of bacteria associated with diabetes or other metabolic diseases (e.g., Enterorhabdus and Romboutsia). Metabolomic analysis revealed reduced levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), such as l-valine and l-isoleucine, aromatic amino acids (AAA), such as l-tyrosine and l-phenylalanine, and increased levels of 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA) in the gut content, suggesting that EE may impact T2DM through modulation of these compounds in the gut of the animals. Taken together, the results implied that S. fusiforme may contain valuable active components other than polysaccharides that have potential benefit in alleviating T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jihui Zuo
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhongshan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou University, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Mingjiang Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Haibin Tong
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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215
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Chen Y, Xu J, Chen Y. Regulation of Neurotransmitters by the Gut Microbiota and Effects on Cognition in Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062099. [PMID: 34205336 PMCID: PMC8234057 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that gut microbiota is important in the regulation of brain activity and cognitive functions. Microbes mediate communication among the metabolic, peripheral immune, and central nervous systems via the microbiota–gut–brain axis. However, it is not well understood how the gut microbiome and neurons in the brain mutually interact or how these interactions affect normal brain functioning and cognition. We summarize the mechanisms whereby the gut microbiota regulate the production, transportation, and functioning of neurotransmitters. We also discuss how microbiome dysbiosis affects cognitive function, especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
| | - Jinying Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.C.); (J.X.)
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-26925498
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216
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Liu J, Zhao F, Wang T, Xu Y, Qiu J, Qian Y. Host Metabolic Disorders Induced by Alterations in Intestinal Flora under Dietary Pesticide Exposure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6303-6317. [PMID: 34048223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A dietary pesticide residue causes underestimated influences on body health. In this work, experimental mice were exposed to commonly used pesticides that cause insulin resistance, inflammation, and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. Alterations in intestinal flora were detected in the exposure groups. The abundance of the flora causing high endotoxin production was intensively increased and led to body inflammation. High Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes and obesity-related flora characteristics were also found. The metabolisms of intestinal flora and host circulation were investigated through metabolomics. The associations of flora with their metabolites and host circulation were also established. Association analysis can determine the influences of pesticide exposure on such a complex system. The affected metabolic pathways in the liver were also determined to clarify the mechanism underlying the effect of pesticide exposure on host physiology. Interventions with fructooligosaccharides and fecal microbiota transplantation alleviated the metabolic disorders, thus directly confirming that the intestinal flora mediates the effects of pesticide exposure on host circulation. This work elucidated the intestinal-flora-mediated effects of dietary pollutant exposure on body health and provided potential measures for regulating flora and host circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkun Liu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Zhao
- Analysis & Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan 571101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianrun Wang
- Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyang Xu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Qiu
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhong Qian
- Institute of Quality Standards & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
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217
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Torun A, Hupalowska A, Trzonkowski P, Kierkus J, Pyrzynska B. Intestinal Microbiota in Common Chronic Inflammatory Disorders Affecting Children. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642166. [PMID: 34163468 PMCID: PMC8215716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence rate of chronic inflammatory disorders is on the rise in the pediatric population. Recent research indicates the crucial role of interactions between the altered intestinal microbiome and the immune system in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders in children, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CeD). Here, we review recent knowledge concerning the pathogenic mechanisms underlying these disorders, and summarize the facts suggesting that the initiation and progression of IBD, T1DM, and CeD can be partially attributed to disturbances in the patterns of composition and abundance of the gut microbiota. The standard available therapies for chronic inflammatory disorders in children largely aim to treat symptoms. Although constant efforts are being made to maximize the quality of life for children in the long-term, sustained improvements are still difficult to achieve. Additional challenges are the changing physiology associated with growth and development of children, a population that is particularly susceptible to medication-related adverse effects. In this review, we explore new promising therapeutic approaches aimed at modulation of either gut microbiota or the activity of the immune system to induce a long-lasting remission of chronic inflammatory disorders. Recent preclinical studies and clinical trials have evaluated new approaches, for instance the adoptive transfer of immune cells, with genetically engineered regulatory T cells expressing antigen-specific chimeric antigen receptors. These approaches have revolutionized cancer treatments and have the potential for the protection of high-risk children from developing autoimmune diseases and effective management of inflammatory disorders. The review also focuses on the findings of studies that indicate that the responses to a variety of immunotherapies can be enhanced by strategic manipulation of gut microbiota, thus emphasizing on the importance of proper interaction between the gut microbiota and immune system for sustained health benefits and improvement of the quality of life of pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Torun
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Hupalowska
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kierkus
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Feeding Disorders and Pediatrics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Pyrzynska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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218
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Ojo O, Ojo OO, Zand N, Wang X. The Effect of Dietary Fibre on Gut Microbiota, Lipid Profile, and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061805. [PMID: 34073366 PMCID: PMC8228854 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A disequilibrium of the gut microbial community has been closely associated with systemic inflammation and metabolic syndromes including type 2 diabetes. While low fibre and high fat diets may lead to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome as a result of the loss of useful microbes, it has been reported that a high fibre diet may prevent the fermentation of protein and may promote eubiosis of gut microbiota. Aim: This review aims to evaluate the effect of dietary fibre (DF) on gut microbiota, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The PRISMA framework was relied on to conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis. Searches were carried out using electronic databases and reference list of articles. Results: Eleven studies were included in the systematic review, while ten studies were included in the meta-analysis. The findings revealed five distinct areas including the effects of DF on (a) gut microbiota (122 participants); (b) lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 79 participants) and lipopolysaccharides binding protein (LBP, 81 participants); (c) lipid profile; (d) inflammatory markers; and (e) body mass index (BMI, 319 participants). The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium increased by 0.73 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.89) in the DF group in contrast to the control (p < 0.05). With respect to LPS, the level was lower in the DF group than the control and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). The standardised mean difference for LPS was −0.45 (95% CI: −0.90, −0.01) although the difference between the two groups in relation to LBP was not significant (p = 0.08) and the mean difference was 0.92 (95% CI: −0.12, 1.95). While there was a decrease of −1.05 (95% CI: −2.07, −0.02) with respect to total cholesterol (356 participants) in the DF group as compared with the control (p < 0.05), both groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) in the other lipid parameters. The difference between the groups was significant (p < 0.05) in relation to C-reactive protein, and the mean difference was 0.43 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.84). This could be due to the short duration of the included studies and differences in participants’ diets including the amount of dietary fibre supplements. However, the groups were not significantly different (p > 0.05) with respect to the other inflammatory markers. The meta-analysis of the BMI showed that the DF group decreased by −0.57 (95% CI: −1.02, −0.12) as compared with the control and this was significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: DF significantly (p < 0.05) increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) LPS, total cholesterol, and BMI as compared with the control. However, DF did not seem to have an effect that was significant on LBP, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin, and leptin. These findings have implications for public health in relation to the use of dietary fibre in nutritional interventions and as strategies for managing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, University of Greenwich, Avery Hill Campus, Avery Hill Road, London SE9 2UG, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-20-8331-8626; Fax: +44-20-8331-8060
| | - Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, University Hospital, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LH, UK;
| | - Nazanin Zand
- School of Science, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham ME4 4TB, UK;
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
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219
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Verhaar BJH, Collard D, Prodan A, Levels JHM, Zwinderman AH, Bäckhed F, Vogt L, Peters MJL, Muller M, Nieuwdorp M, van den Born BJH. Associations between gut microbiota, faecal short-chain fatty acids, and blood pressure across ethnic groups: the HELIUS study. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:4259-4267. [PMID: 32869053 PMCID: PMC7724641 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Preliminary evidence from animal and human studies shows that gut microbiota composition and levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are associated with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that faecal microbiota composition and derived metabolites may be differently associated with BP across ethnic groups. Methods and results We included 4672 subjects (mean age 49.8 ± 11.7 years, 52% women) from six different ethnic groups participating in the HEalthy Life In an Urban Setting (HELIUS) study. The gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Associations between microbiota composition and office BP were assessed using machine learning prediction models. In the subgroups with the largest associations, faecal SCFA levels were compared in 200 subjects with lower or higher systolic BP. Faecal microbiota composition explained 4.4% of the total systolic BP variance. Best predictors for systolic BP included Roseburia spp., Clostridium spp., Romboutsia spp., and Ruminococcaceae spp. Explained variance of the microbiota composition was highest in Dutch subjects (4.8%), but very low in South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Moroccan and Turkish descent groups (explained variance <0.8%). Faecal SCFA levels, including acetate (P < 0.05) and propionate (P < 0.01), were lower in young Dutch participants with low systolic BP. Conclusions Faecal microbiota composition is associated with BP, but with strongly divergent associations between ethnic groups. Intriguingly, while Dutch participants with lower BP had higher abundances of several SCFA-producing microbes, they had lower faecal SCFA levels. Intervention studies with SCFAs could provide more insight in the effects of these metabolites on BP. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J H Verhaar
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Didier Collard
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Andrei Prodan
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Levels
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aeilko H Zwinderman
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liffert Vogt
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mike J L Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Majon Muller
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Geriatrics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, De Boelelaan 1117-1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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220
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Salosensaari A, Laitinen V, Havulinna AS, Meric G, Cheng S, Perola M, Valsta L, Alfthan G, Inouye M, Watrous JD, Long T, Salido RA, Sanders K, Brennan C, Humphrey GC, Sanders JG, Jain M, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Knight R, Lahti L, Niiranen T. Taxonomic signatures of cause-specific mortality risk in human gut microbiome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2671. [PMID: 33976176 PMCID: PMC8113604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The collection of fecal material and developments in sequencing technologies have enabled standardised and non-invasive gut microbiome profiling. Microbiome composition from several large cohorts have been cross-sectionally linked to various lifestyle factors and diseases. In spite of these advances, prospective associations between microbiome composition and health have remained uncharacterised due to the lack of sufficiently large and representative population cohorts with comprehensive follow-up data. Here, we analyse the long-term association between gut microbiome variation and mortality in a well-phenotyped and representative population cohort from Finland (n = 7211). We report robust taxonomic and functional microbiome signatures related to the Enterobacteriaceae family that are associated with mortality risk during a 15-year follow-up. Our results extend previous cross-sectional studies, and help to establish the basis for examining long-term associations between human gut microbiome composition, incident outcomes, and general health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaro Salosensaari
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Laitinen
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM-HiLIFE, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guillaume Meric
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Valsta
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Georg Alfthan
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeramie D Watrous
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tao Long
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rodolfo A Salido
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karenina Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Caitriona Brennan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gregory C Humphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon G Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mohit Jain
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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d'Enfert C, Kaune AK, Alaban LR, Chakraborty S, Cole N, Delavy M, Kosmala D, Marsaux B, Fróis-Martins R, Morelli M, Rosati D, Valentine M, Xie Z, Emritloll Y, Warn PA, Bequet F, Bougnoux ME, Bornes S, Gresnigt MS, Hube B, Jacobsen ID, Legrand M, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Manichanh C, Munro CA, Netea MG, Queiroz K, Roget K, Thomas V, Thoral C, Van den Abbeele P, Walker AW, Brown AJP. The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuaa060. [PMID: 33232448 PMCID: PMC8100220 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe d'Enfert
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ann-Kristin Kaune
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Leovigildo-Rey Alaban
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sayoni Chakraborty
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Neugasse 25, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nathaniel Cole
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Margot Delavy
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Daria Kosmala
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Marsaux
- ProDigest BV, Technologiepark 94, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Fróis-Martins
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Moran Morelli
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diletta Rosati
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marisa Valentine
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zixuan Xie
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoan Emritloll
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Peter A Warn
- Magic Bullet Consulting, Biddlecombe House, Ugbrook, Chudleigh Devon, TQ130AD, UK
| | - Frédéric Bequet
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Stephanie Bornes
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMRF0545, 20 Côte de Reyne, 15000 Aurillac, France
| | - Mark S Gresnigt
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Microbial Immunology Research Group, Emmy Noether Junior Research Group Adaptive Pathogenicity Strategies, and the Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology – Hans Knöll Institute, Beutenbergstraße 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département de Mycologie, Institut Pasteur, USC 2019 INRA, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Immunology Section, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Chaysavanh Manichanh
- Gut Microbiome Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d'Hebron 119–129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol A Munro
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Queiroz
- Mimetas, Biopartner Building 2, J.H. Oortweg 19, 2333 CH Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Roget
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Thomas
- BIOASTER Microbiology Technology Institute, 40 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Thoral
- NEXBIOME Therapeutics, 22 allée Alan Turing, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Alan W Walker
- Gut Microbiology Group, Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Ashgrove Road West, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
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222
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Wu S, Chen Y, Li Z, Li J, Zhao F, Su X. Towards multi-label classification: Next step of machine learning for microbiome research. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2742-2749. [PMID: 34093989 PMCID: PMC8131981 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has been widely used in microbiome research for biomarker selection and disease prediction. By training microbial profiles of samples from patients and healthy controls, ML classifiers constructs data models by community features that highly correlated with the target diseases, so as to determine the status of new samples. To clearly understand the host-microbe interaction of specific diseases, previous studies always focused on well-designed cohorts, in which each sample was exactly labeled by a single status type. However, in fact an individual may be associated with multiple diseases simultaneously, which introduce additional variations on microbial patterns that interferes the status detection. More importantly, comorbidities or complications can be missed by regular ML models, limiting the practical application of microbiome techniques. In this review, we summarize the typical ML approaches of single-label classification for microbiome research, and demonstrate their limitations in multi-label disease detection using a real dataset. Then we prospect a further step of ML towards multi-label classification that potentially solves the aforementioned problem, including a series of promising strategies and key technical issues for applying multi-label classification in microbiome-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyao Wu
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Zhiruo Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Jian Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Fengyang Zhao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
| | - Xiaoquan Su
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China
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223
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Yang J, Wu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cho WC, Ju X, van Schothorst EM, Zheng Y. Gut bacteria formation and influencing factors. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6168382. [PMID: 33705527 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. In modern life, with the improvement of living conditions, the intake of high-sugar and high-fat diets as well as the large-scale use of antibacterial drugs have an extensive impact on the gut microbiota, even leading to gut microbiota-orchestrating disorders. This review discusses the effects of various factors, including geographic location, age, diet, antibacterial drugs, psychological situation and exercise on gut bacteria, which helps us profoundly to understand the significance of gut bacteria to human health and to find effective solutions to prevent or treat related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jin'en Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yating Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yong'e Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 30 Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xianghong Ju
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, 1 Haida Road, Mazhang District, 524088, China
| | - Evert M van Schothorst
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, De Elst 1, Wageningen 6708WD, The Netherlands
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 1 Xujiaping, Chengguan District, Lanzhou 730046, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 88 Daxuenan Road, Yangzhou 225009, China
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224
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Rocks T, West M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Lane M, Loughman A, Jacka FN, Ruusunen A. Possible use of fermented foods in rehabilitation of anorexia nervosa: the gut microbiota as a modulator. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 107:110201. [PMID: 33307114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa is a serious psychiatric disorder with high morbidity and mortality rate. Evidence for the optimal psychopharmacological approach to managing the disorder remains limited, with nutritional treatment, focused on weight restoration through the consumption of high energy diet, regarded as one of the fundamental steps in treatment. The human gut microbiome is increasingly recognised for its proposed role in gastrointestinal, metabolic, immune and mental health, all of which may be compromised in individuals with anorexia nervosa. Dietary intake plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota composition, whilst the use of fermented foods, foods with potential psychobiotic properties that deliver live bacteria, bacterial metabolites, prebiotics and energy, have been discussed to a lesser extent. However, fermented foods are of increasing interest due to their potential capacity to affect gut microbiota composition, provide beneficial bacterial metabolites, and confer beneficial outcomes to host health. This review provides an overview of the role of the gut microbiota in relation to the disease pathology in anorexia nervosa and especially focuses on the therapeutic potential of fermented foods, proposed here as a recommended addition to the current nutritional treatment protocols warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Rocks
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Madeline West
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Hajara Aslam
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melissa Lane
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amy Loughman
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, VIC, Australia; Black Dog Institute, NSW, Australia; James Cook University, QLD; Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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225
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Abstract
Research relating gut microbiome composition to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has produced inconsistent results, indicative of the disorder’s complexity and the need for more sophisticated experimental designs. We address this need by (i) comparing gut microbiome composition between individuals with ASD and neurotypical controls in Arizona and Colorado using standardized DNA extraction and sequencing methods at both locations and (ii) longitudinally evaluating the gut microbiome’s relationship to autism behavioral severity, diet, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut microbiome composition differed between individuals in Arizona and individuals in Colorado, and gastrointestinal symptoms were significantly higher in ASD individuals than in neurotypical individuals in Arizona but not in Colorado. Gut microbiome composition was significantly associated with ASD while controlling for study-site location but not when controlling for gastrointestinal symptoms. This suggests that non-ASD-related study site differences in gut microbiome composition and different degrees of gastrointestinal symptoms involvement with ASD between sites may contribute to inconsistent results in the literature regarding the association between gut microbiome composition and ASD. In the longitudinal analysis, we found that difference in levels of lethargy/social withdrawal measured in individuals at different time points correlated with the degree of change in gut microbiome composition and that a worsening of inappropriate speech between time points was associated with decreased gut microbiome diversity. This relationship between changes in the gut microbiome composition within individuals and ASD behavioral severity metrics indicates that longitudinal study designs may be useful for exploring microbial drivers of ASD severity when substantial variability exists in baseline microbiome compositions across individuals and geographical regions. IMPORTANCE Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a brain developmental disorder with varying behavioral symptom severity both across individuals and within individuals over time. There have been promising but also inconsistent literature results regarding how the gut microbiota (microbiome) may be involved. We found that the gut microbiome in individuals with ASD is affected by study-site location as well as gastrointestinal symptom severity. When we sampled some individuals with ASD at several different time points, we found that some behaviors, such as lethargy/social withdrawal and inappropriate speech, changed along with changes in the gut microbiota composition. This is the first study to relate severity of behavior symptoms to gut microbiome composition within individuals over time and suggests a dynamic relationship between ASD-associated symptoms and gut microbes. Longitudinal study designs as well as collaborative efforts across multiple centers are needed to fully characterize the relationship between ASD and gut microbes.
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226
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Hamilton-Williams EE, Lorca GL, Norris JM, Dunne JL. A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis. Front Nutr 2021; 8:600756. [PMID: 33869260 PMCID: PMC8046917 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.600756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of T1D, as well as studies in human subjects, have linked several intestinal microbiota alterations with T1D pathogenesis. Features that are most often linked with T1D pathogenesis include decreased microbial diversity, the relative abundance of specific strains of individual microbes, and altered metabolite production. Alterations in these features as well as others have provided insight into T1D pathogenesis and shed light on the potential mechanism by which the microbiota plays a role in T1D pathogenesis, yet the underlying factors leading to these alterations remains unknown. One potential mechanism for alteration of the microbiota is through diet and nutrition. Previous studies have shown associations of diet with islet autoimmunity, but a direct contributing factor has yet to be identified. Diet, through introduction of antigens and alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may elicit the immune system to produce autoreactive responses that result in the destruction of the beta cells. Here, we review the evidence associating diet induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and their contribution to T1D pathogenesis. We further provide a roadmap for determining the effect of diet and other modifiable factors on the entire microbiota ecosystem, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function, as it relates to T1D. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and several interacting systems in the body (immune, intestinal integrity and function, metabolism, beta cell function, etc.) may provide scientifically rational approaches to prevent development of T1D and other childhood immune and allergic diseases and biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E. Hamilton-Williams
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Graciela L. Lorca
- Microbiology and Cell Science Department, Genetics Institute, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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227
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Avery EG, Bartolomaeus H, Maifeld A, Marko L, Wiig H, Wilck N, Rosshart SP, Forslund SK, Müller DN. The Gut Microbiome in Hypertension: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Circ Res 2021; 128:934-950. [PMID: 33793332 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hypertension is known to involve a diverse range of contributing factors including genetic, environmental, hormonal, hemodynamic and inflammatory forces, to name a few. There is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut microbiome plays an important role in the development and pathogenesis of hypertension. The gastrointestinal tract, which houses the largest compartment of immune cells in the body, represents the intersection of the environment and the host. Accordingly, lifestyle factors shape and are modulated by the microbiome, modifying the risk for hypertensive disease. One well-studied example is the consumption of dietary fibers, which leads to the production of short-chain fatty acids and can contribute to the expansion of anti-inflammatory immune cells, consequently protecting against the progression of hypertension. Dietary interventions such as fasting have also been shown to impact hypertension via the microbiome. Studying the microbiome in hypertensive disease presents a variety of unique challenges to the use of traditional model systems. Integrating microbiome considerations into preclinical research is crucial, and novel strategies to account for reciprocal host-microbiome interactions, such as the wildling mouse model, may provide new opportunities for translation. The intricacies of the role of the microbiome in hypertensive disease is a matter of ongoing research, and there are several technical considerations which should be accounted for moving forward. In this review we provide insights into the host-microbiome interaction and summarize the evidence of its importance in the regulation of blood pressure. Additionally, we provide recommendations for ongoing and future research, such that important insights from the microbiome field at large can be readily integrated in the context of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen G Avery
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.)
| | - Hendrik Bartolomaeus
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Andras Maifeld
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Lajos Marko
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway (H.W.)
| | - Nicola Wilck
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany (N.W.)
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, Freiburg, Germany (S.P.R.)
| | - Sofia K Forslund
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B.,A.M.,L.M.,N.W.,S.K.F.,D.N.M.).,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany (H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,For Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (E.G.A.,H.B., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.).,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (E.G.A., H.B., A.M., L.M., N.W., S.K.F., D.N.M.)
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Canale MP, Noce A, Di Lauro M, Marrone G, Cantelmo M, Cardillo C, Federici M, Di Daniele N, Tesauro M. Gut Dysbiosis and Western Diet in the Pathogenesis of Essential Arterial Hypertension: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041162. [PMID: 33915885 PMCID: PMC8066853 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of the most dangerous cardiovascular (CV) risk factors including visceral obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, alterations in lipid metabolism and arterial hypertension (AH). In particular, AH plays a key role in the complications associated with metabolic syndrome. High salt intake is a well-known risk factor for AH and CV diseases. Vasoconstriction, impaired vasodilation, extracellular volume expansion, inflammation, and an increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AH, induced by Western diet. Gut dysbiosis in AH is associated with reduction of short chain fatty acid-producing bacteria: acetate, butyrate and propionate, which activate different pathways, causing vasoconstriction, impaired vasodilation, salt and water retention and a consequent high blood pressure. Moreover, increased trimethylamine N-oxide and lipopolysaccharides trigger chronic inflammation, which contributes to endothelial dysfunction and target organs damage. Additionally, a high salt-intake diet impacts negatively on gut microbiota composition. A bidirectional neuronal pathway determines the “brain–gut” axis, which, in turn, influences blood pressure levels. Then, we discuss the possible adjuvant novel treatments related to gut microbiota modulation for AH control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Canale
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Annalisa Noce
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (G.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.T.); Tel.: +39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2982 (M.T.)
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (G.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Giulia Marrone
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (G.M.); (N.D.D.)
- PhD School of Applied Medical, Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cantelmo
- School of Specialization in Geriatrics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy;
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.P.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (G.M.); (N.D.D.)
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- UOC of Internal Medicine-Center of Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.D.L.); (G.M.); (N.D.D.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (M.T.); Tel.: +39-06-2090-2194 (A.N.); +39-06-2090-2982 (M.T.)
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Li Y, Salih Ibrahim RM, Chi HL, Xiao T, Xia WJ, Li HB, Kang YM. Altered Gut Microbiota is Involved in the Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Vitamin C in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000885. [PMID: 33547879 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut dysbiosis and dysregulation of the gut-brain-axis contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Vitamin C (VC) is a common dietary supplement that shows the ability to lower the elevated blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Thus, the hypothesis that the gut microbiota is involved in the anti-hypertensive effect of VC is proposed. METHODS AND RESULTS The changes of the gut microbiota and pathology in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model after daily oral intake of VC in dosage of 200 or 1000 mg kg-1 are examined. After 4 weeks, the elevated blood pressure of SHRs in both VC-treated groups is attenuated. Sequencing of the gut microbiota shows improvement in its diversity and abundance. Bioinformatic analysis suggests restored metabolism and biosynthesis-related functions of the gut, which are confirmed by the improvement of gut pathology and integrity. Analysis of the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the central pivot of blood pressure regulation, also shows reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The reduced blood pressure, enriched gut microbiota, improved gut pathology and integrity, and reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the PVN together suggest that the anti-hypertensive effects of VC involve reshaping of gut microbiota composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Rawya Mohamed Salih Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Li Chi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
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Breuninger TA, Wawro N, Breuninger J, Reitmeier S, Clavel T, Six-Merker J, Pestoni G, Rohrmann S, Rathmann W, Peters A, Grallert H, Meisinger C, Haller D, Linseisen J. Associations between habitual diet, metabolic disease, and the gut microbiota using latent Dirichlet allocation. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:61. [PMID: 33726846 PMCID: PMC7967986 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-020-00969-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome impacts human health through various mechanisms and is involved in the development of a range of non-communicable diseases. Diet is a well-known factor influencing microbe-host interaction in health and disease. However, very few findings are based on large-scale analysis using population-based studies. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between habitual dietary intake and gut microbiota structure in the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 study. RESULTS Fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) was applied to samples from 1992 participants to identify 20 microbial subgroups within the study population. Each participant's gut microbiota was subsequently described by a unique composition of these 20 subgroups. Associations between habitual dietary intake, assessed via repeated 24-h food lists and a Food Frequency Questionnaire, and the 20 subgroups, as well as between prevalence of metabolic diseases/risk factors and the subgroups, were assessed with multivariate-adjusted Dirichlet regression models. After adjustment for multiple testing, eight of 20 microbial subgroups were significantly associated with habitual diet, while nine of 20 microbial subgroups were associated with the prevalence of one or more metabolic diseases/risk factors. Subgroups 5 (Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiracea incertae sedis, Gemmiger, Roseburia) and 14 (Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus) were particularly strongly associated with diet. For example, participants with a high probability for subgroup 5 were characterized by a higher Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score and a higher intake of food items such as fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains, while participants with prevalent type 2 diabetes mellitus were characterized by a lower probability for subgroup 5. CONCLUSIONS The associations between habitual diet, metabolic diseases, and microbial subgroups identified in this analysis not only expand upon current knowledge of diet-microbiota-disease relationships, but also indicate the possibility of certain microbial groups to be modulated by dietary intervention, with the potential of impacting human health. Additionally, LDA appears to be a powerful tool for interpreting latent structures of the human gut microbiota. However, the subgroups and associations observed in this analysis need to be replicated in further studies. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Breuninger
- Independent Research Unit Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Nina Wawro
- Independent Research Unit Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | | | - Sandra Reitmeier
- Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Clavel
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Six-Merker
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Giulia Pestoni
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Rohrmann
- Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Deutsches Diabetes-Zentrum (DDZ), Auf’m Hennekamp 65, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Independent Research Unit Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Independent Research Unit Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, UNIKA-T Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- ZIEL - Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Lin YT, Lin TY, Hung SC, Liu PY, Hung WC, Tsai WC, Tsai YC, Delicano RA, Chuang YS, Kuo MC, Chiu YW, Wu PH. Differences in the Microbial Composition of Hemodialysis Patients Treated with and without β-Blockers. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030198. [PMID: 33809103 PMCID: PMC8002078 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
β-blockers are commonly prescribed to treat cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis patients. Beyond the pharmacological effects, β-blockers have potential impacts on gut microbiota, but no study has investigated the effect in hemodialysis patients. Hence, we aim to investigate the gut microbiota composition difference between β-blocker users and nonusers in hemodialysis patients. Fecal samples collected from hemodialysis patients (83 β-blocker users and 110 nonusers) were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA amplification sequencing. Propensity score (PS) matching was performed to control confounders. The microbial composition differences were analyzed by the linear discriminant analysis effect size, random forest, and zero-inflated Gaussian fit model. The α-diversity (Simpson index) was greater in β-blocker users with a distinct β-diversity (Bray-Curtis Index) compared to nonusers in both full and PS-matched cohorts. There was a significant enrichment in the genus Flavonifractor in β-blocker users compared to nonusers in full and PS-matched cohorts. A similar finding was demonstrated in random forest analysis. In conclusion, hemodialysis patients using β-blockers had a different gut microbiota composition compared to nonusers. In particular, the Flavonifractor genus was increased with β-blocker treatment. Our findings highlight the impact of β-blockers on the gut microbiota in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yun Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (S.-C.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chun Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan; (T.-Y.L.); (S.-C.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97071, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chun Hung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chung Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Division of General Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Yun-Shiuan Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Mei-Chuan Kuo
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Faculty of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-C.T.); (M.-C.K.); (Y.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101
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Yano Y, Niiranen TJ. Gut Microbiome over a Lifetime and the Association with Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2021; 23:15. [PMID: 33686539 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Microorganisms living within an ecosystem create microbial communities and play key roles in ecosystem functioning. During their lifespan, humans share their bodies with a variety of microorganisms. More than 10-100 trillion symbiotic microorganisms live on and within human beings, and the majority of these microorganisms populate the distal ileum and colon (referred to as the gut microbiota). Interactions between the gut microbiota and the host involve signaling via chemical neurotransmitters and metabolites, neuronal pathways, and the immune system. Hypertension is a complex and heterogeneous pathophenotype. A reductionist approach that assumes that all patients who have the same signs of a disease share a common disease mechanism and thus should be treated similarly is insufficient for optimal blood pressure management. Herein, we have highlighted the contribution of the gut microbiome to blood pressure regulation in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Gut dysbiosis-an imbalance in the composition and function of the gut microbiota-has been shown to be associated with hypertension. Gut dysbiosis occurs via environmental pressures, including caesarean section, antibiotic use, dietary changes, and lifestyle changes over a lifetime. This review highlights how gut dysbiosis may affect a host's blood pressure over a lifetime. The review also clarifies future challenges in studies of associations between the gut microbiome and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yano
- Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University, 1-1-1, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Teemu J Niiranen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Xu JY, Liu MT, Tao T, Zhu X, Fei FQ. The role of gut microbiota in tumorigenesis and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111444. [PMID: 33662679 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of microbial communities exist in normal human intestinal tracts, which maintain a relatively stable dynamic balance under certain conditions. Gut microbiota are closely connected with human health and the occurrence of tumors. The colonization of certain intestinal bacteria on specific sites, gut microbiota disturbance and intestinal immune disorders can induce the occurrence of tumors. Meanwhile, gut microbiota can also play a role in tumor therapy by participating in immune regulation, influencing the efficacy of anti-tumor drugs, targeted therapy of engineered probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation. This article reviews the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of tumors. A better understanding of how gut microbiota affect tumors will help us find more therapies to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Min-Ting Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Fang-Qin Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
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234
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Rettedal EA, Ilesanmi‐Oyelere BL, Roy NC, Coad J, Kruger MC. The Gut Microbiome Is Altered in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis and Osteopenia. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10452. [PMID: 33778322 PMCID: PMC7990138 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and its precursor osteopenia are common metabolic bone diseases in postmenopausal women. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism; however, there are few studies examining how gut microbiomes in osteoporosis and osteopenia may differ from those in healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to characterize the diversity, composition, and functional gene potential of the gut microbiota of healthy, osteopenic, and osteoporotic women. Body composition, bone density, and fecal metagenomes were analyzed in 86 postmenopausal women. The women were classified as healthy, osteopenic, or osteoporotic based on T-scores. The taxonomic and functional gene compositions of the microbiome were analyzed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Both osteoporotic and osteopenic taxonomic compositions were found to be significantly different from healthy participants. Linear discriminant-analysis effect-size analyses identified that healthy participants had more unclassified Clostridia and methanogenic archaea (Methanobacteriaceae) than in both osteoporotic and osteopenic participants. Bacteroides was found to be more abundant in osteoporosis and osteopenia groups. Some KEGG pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and cyanoamino acid metabolism, were found to be more abundant in both osteoporosis and osteopenia. These results show that osteoporosis and osteopenia alter the gut microbiome of postmenopausal women and identify potential microbial taxonomic and functional pathways that may be involved in this disease. © 2020 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bolaji L Ilesanmi‐Oyelere
- Food Nutrition & Health TeamAgResearch GrasslandsPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- School of Health SciencesCollege of Health, Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Nicole C Roy
- Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- Department of Human NutritionUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
- High‐Value Nutrition National Science ChallengeAucklandNew Zealand
- Liggins InstituteUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Jane Coad
- School of Food and Advanced TechnologyCollege of Sciences, Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
| | - Marlena C Kruger
- Riddet InstituteMassey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- School of Health SciencesCollege of Health, Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthNew Zealand
- High‐Value Nutrition National Science ChallengeAucklandNew Zealand
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235
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Plasma metabolites to profile pathways in noncommunicable disease multimorbidity. Nat Med 2021; 27:471-479. [PMID: 33707775 PMCID: PMC8127079 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimorbidity, the simultaneous presence of multiple chronic conditions, is an increasing global health problem and research into its determinants is of high priority. We used baseline untargeted plasma metabolomics profiling covering >1,000 metabolites as a comprehensive readout of human physiology to characterize pathways associated with and across 27 incident noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) assessed using electronic health record hospitalization and cancer registry data from over 11,000 participants (219,415 person years). We identified 420 metabolites shared between at least 2 NCDs, representing 65.5% of all 640 significant metabolite-disease associations. We integrated baseline data on over 50 diverse clinical risk factors and characteristics to identify actionable shared pathways represented by those metabolites. Our study highlights liver and kidney function, lipid and glucose metabolism, low-grade inflammation, surrogates of gut microbial diversity and specific health-related behaviors as antecedents of common NCD multimorbidity with potential for early prevention. We integrated results into an open-access webserver ( https://omicscience.org/apps/mwasdisease/ ) to facilitate future research and meta-analyses.
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Zimmermann M, Patil KR, Typas A, Maier L. Towards a mechanistic understanding of reciprocal drug-microbiome interactions. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10116. [PMID: 33734582 PMCID: PMC7970330 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibiotics target multiple gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and can collaterally damage the gut microbiota. Yet, our knowledge of the extent of damage, the antibiotic activity spectra, and the resistance mechanisms of gut microbes is sparse. This limits our ability to mitigate microbiome-facilitated spread of antibiotic resistance. In addition to antibiotics, non-antibiotic drugs affect the human microbiome, as shown by metagenomics as well as in vitro studies. Microbiome-drug interactions are bidirectional, as microbes can also modulate drugs. Chemical modifications of antibiotics mostly function as antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, while metabolism of non-antibiotics can also change the drugs' pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxic properties. Recent studies have started to unravel the extensive capacity of gut microbes to metabolize drugs, the mechanisms, and the relevance of such events for drug treatment. These findings raise the question whether and to which degree these reciprocal drug-microbiome interactions will differ across individuals, and how to take them into account in drug discovery and precision medicine. This review describes recent developments in the field and discusses future study areas that will benefit from systems biology approaches to better understand the mechanistic role of the human gut microbiota in drug actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zimmermann
- Structural and Computational Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Kiran Raosaheb Patil
- Structural and Computational Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
- The Medical Research Council Toxicology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Athanasios Typas
- Structural and Computational Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
- Genome Biology UnitEuropean Molecular Biology LaboratoryHeidelbergGermany
| | - Lisa Maier
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection MedicineUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’University of TübingenTübingenGermany
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237
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Wang X, Zhang D, Jiang H, Zhang S, Pang X, Gao S, Zhang H, Zhang S, Xiao Q, Chen L, Wang S, Qi D, Li Y. Gut Microbiota Variation With Short-Term Intake of Ginger Juice on Human Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:576061. [PMID: 33708178 PMCID: PMC7940200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.576061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger, a widely used functional food and food additive, little is known about the effect of ginger juice, which is rich in many healthful agents, on healthy humans or on its relationship with gut microbiota composition variation. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbial communities that occur following the supplementation of fresh ginger-derived juice in healthy adults and its potential associations with function. A crossover intervention study in which 123 healthy subjects (63 men and 60 women) consumed fresh ginger juice from Zingiber officinale Rosc. or sterile 0.9% sodium chloride was conducted. 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were applied to characterize gut microbiota variation. We found that ginger juice intervention increased the species number of intestinal flora. A decreased relative abundance of the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio and pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcus_2 while a tendency toward an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, Proteobacteria and anti-inflammatory Faecalibacterium were found. When we did not consider gender, we found differences in bacterial diversity both in community evenness and in richness caused by ginger intervention. In fact, there were different changes in bacterial α-diversity induced by the ginger juice in men and women. We identified 19 bacterial genera with significant differences between the control group (women) and ginger group (women) and 15 significant differences between the control group (men) and ginger group (men) at the genus level. Our results showed that short-term intake of ginger juice had substantial effects on the composition and function of gut microbiota in healthy people. Moreover, our findings underscored the importance of analyzing both male and female individuals to investigate the effects of ginger on gut microbiota. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaogang Pang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shijie Gao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shanyu Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuyue Xiao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yunlun Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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238
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Sharma D, Paterson AD, Xu W. TaxoNN: ensemble of neural networks on stratified microbiome data for disease prediction. Bioinformatics 2021; 36:4544-4550. [PMID: 32449747 PMCID: PMC7750934 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Research supports the potential use of microbiome as a predictor of some diseases. Motivated by the findings that microbiome data is complex in nature, and there is an inherent correlation due to hierarchical taxonomy of microbial Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), we propose a novel machine learning method incorporating a stratified approach to group OTUs into phylum clusters. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) were used to train within each of the clusters individually. Further, through an ensemble learning approach, features obtained from each cluster were then concatenated to improve prediction accuracy. Our two-step approach comprising stratification prior to combining multiple CNNs, aided in capturing the relationships between OTUs sharing a phylum efficiently, as compared to using a single CNN ignoring OTU correlations. RESULTS We used simulated datasets containing 168 OTUs in 200 cases and 200 controls for model testing. Thirty-two OTUs, potentially associated with risk of disease were randomly selected and interactions between three OTUs were used to introduce non-linearity. We also implemented this novel method in two human microbiome studies: (i) Cirrhosis with 118 cases, 114 controls; (ii) type 2 diabetes (T2D) with 170 cases, 174 controls; to demonstrate the model's effectiveness. Extensive experimentation and comparison against conventional machine learning techniques yielded encouraging results. We obtained mean AUC values of 0.88, 0.92, 0.75, showing a consistent increment (5%, 3%, 7%) in simulations, Cirrhosis and T2D data, respectively, against the next best performing method, Random Forest. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/divya031090/TaxoNN_OTU. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M7
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M7.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1X8
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5T 3M7.,Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 2C1
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239
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Sukmajaya AC, Lusida MI, Soetjipto, Setiawati Y. Systematic review of gut microbiota and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ann Gen Psychiatry 2021; 20:12. [PMID: 33593384 PMCID: PMC7888126 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-021-00330-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut-brain axis (GBA) is a system widely studied nowadays, especially in the neuropsychiatry field. It is postulated to correlate with many psychiatric conditions, one of them being attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ADHD is a disorder that affects many aspects of life, including but not limited to financial, psychosocial, and cultural aspects. Multiple studies have made a comparison of the gut microbiota between ADHD and healthy controls. Our aims were to review the existing studies analyzing the gut microbiota between human samples in ADHD and healthy individuals. METHODS The literature was obtained using Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct search engine. The keywords used were "ADHD", "gut microbiota", "stool", "gut", and "microbiota". The selected studies were all case-control studies, which identify the gut microbiota between ADHD and healthy individuals. RESULT We found six studies which were eligible for review. The model and methods of each study is different. Forty-nine bacterial taxa were found, yet none of them can explain the precise relationship between ADHD and the gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium was found in higher amount in ADHD patients, but other study stated that the abundance of this genus was lower in ADHD with post-micronutrient treatment. This may suggest that micronutrient can modulate the population of Bifidobacterium and improve the behavior of ADHD patients. Other notable findings include a significantly lower population of Dialister in unmedicated ADHD, which rose after patients were medicated. A smaller amount of Faecalibacterium were also found in ADHD patients. This may explain the pathogenesis of ADHD, as Faecalibacterium is known for its anti-inflammatory products. It is possible the scarcity of this genera could induce overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is in accordance with the high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines found in children with ADHD. CONCLUSION There were no studies that examined which bacterial taxa correlated most to ADHD. This might occur due to the different model and methods in each study. Further study is needed to identify the correlation between gut microbiota and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Inge Lusida
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Soetjipto
- Department of Psychiatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yunias Setiawati
- Department of Psychiatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
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240
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Microbiome modulation to correct uremic toxins and to preserve kidney functions. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:49-56. [PMID: 31725010 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The association between dysbiosis and CKD is well established. This review focuses on the current understanding of microbiome, in normal individuals and CKD patients, in order to hypothesize how to correct uremic toxins levels and preserve the renal function and reduce associated comorbidities. Here we discuss our current opinion on microbiome modulation in order to manage the CKD-associated dysbiosis. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence confirms the role of gut microbiome in the progression of CKD. In this scenario, the need is felt to set up multifaceted approaches for dysbiosis management. Among many strategies able to improve gut wellness, a crucial approach is represented by the functional nutrition. At the same time, drug-based treatments show significant results in microbiome modulation. Furthermore, we examine here the potentialities of fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) in CKD, an approach currently applied in Clostridium difficile infection. SUMMARY The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of CKD. The vicious cycle triggered by kidney function decline leads to gut dysbiosis. Considering the gut microbiome as a therapeutic target in CKD, multiple approaches aimed at its modulation should be envisioned to preserve kidney function. Dietary interventions and pharmacological strategies are able to improve microbiome dysbiosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Additionally, FMT could represent a promising novel therapy in the management of CKD-associated dysbiosis.
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241
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Qi C, Wang P, Fu T, Lu M, Cai Y, Chen X, Cheng L. A comprehensive review for gut microbes: technologies, interventions, metabolites and diseases. Brief Funct Genomics 2021; 20:42-60. [PMID: 33554248 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes have attracted much more attentions in the recent decade since their essential roles in the development of metabolic diseases, cancer and neurological diseases. Considerable evidence indicates that the metabolism of gut microbes exert influences on intestinal homeostasis and human diseases. Here, we first reviewed two mainstream sequencing technologies involving 16s rRNA sequencing and metagenomic sequencing for gut microbes, and data analysis methods assessing alpha and beta diversity. Next, we introduced some observational studies reflecting that many factors, such as lifestyle and intake of diets, drugs, contribute to gut microbes' quantity and diversity. Then, metabolites produced by gut microbes were presented to understand that gut microbes exert on host homeostasis in the intestinal epithelium and immune system. Finally, we focused on the molecular mechanism of gut microbes on the occurrence and development of several common diseases. In-depth knowledge of the relationship among interventions, gut microbes and diseases might provide new insights in to disease prevention and treatment.
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242
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Balvers M, van den Born BJH, Levin E, Nieuwdorp M. Impact drugs targeting cardiometabolic risk on the gut microbiota. Curr Opin Lipidol 2021; 32:38-54. [PMID: 33332920 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Alterations in the gut microbiome composition or function are associated with risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Based on recent evidence that also oral medications used to treat these conditions could alter the gut microbiome composition and function and, vice versa, that the gut microbiome could affect the efficacy of these treatments, we reviewed the literature on these observed interactions. RECENT FINDINGS While the interaction of metformin with the gut microbiome has been studied most, other drugs that target cardiometabolic risk are gaining attention and often showed associations with alterations in microbiome-related features, including alterations in specific microbial taxa or pathways, microbiome composition or microbiome-derived metabolites, while the gut microbiome was also involved in drug metabolism and drug efficacy. As for metformin, for some of them even a potential therapeutic effect via the gut microbiome is postulated. However, exact mechanisms remain to be elucidated. SUMMARY There is growing interest in clarifying the interactions between the gut microbiome and drugs to treat hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia as well as the first pass effect of microbiome on drug efficacy. While mostly analysed in animal models, also human studies are gaining more and more traction. Improving the understanding of the gut microbiome drug interaction can provide clinical directions for therapy by optimizing drug efficacy or providing new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Balvers
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Horaizon BV, Delft
| | - Bert-Jan H van den Born
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeni Levin
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
- Horaizon BV, Delft
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam
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243
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Marrs T, Jo JH, Perkin MR, Rivett DW, Witney AA, Bruce KD, Logan K, Craven J, Radulovic S, Versteeg SA, van Ree R, McLean WHI, Strachan DP, Lack G, Kong HH, Flohr C. Gut microbiota development during infancy: Impact of introducing allergenic foods. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:613-621.e9. [PMID: 33551026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota potentially plays an important role in the immunologic education of the host during early infancy. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine how the infant gut microbiota evolve during infancy, particularly in relation to hygiene-related environmental factors, atopic disorders, and a randomized introduction of allergenic solids. METHODS A total of 1303 exclusively breast-fed infants were enrolled in a dietary randomized controlled trial (Enquiring About Tolerance study) from 3 months of age. In this nested longitudinal study, fecal samples were collected at baseline, with additional sampling of selected cases and controls at 6 and 12 months to study the evolution of their gut microbiota, using 16S ribosomal RNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing. RESULTS In the 288 baseline samples from exclusively breast-fed infant at 3 months, the gut microbiota was highly heterogeneous, forming 3 distinct clusters: Bifidobacterium-rich, Bacteroides-rich, and Escherichia/Shigella-rich. Mode of delivery was the major discriminating factor. Increased Clostridium sensu stricto relative abundance at 3 months was associated with presence of atopic dermatitis on examination at age 3 and 12 months. From the selected cases and controls with longitudinal samples (n = 70), transition to Bacteroides-rich communities and influx of adult-specific microbes were observed during the first year of life. The introduction of allergenic solids promoted a significant increase in Shannon diversity and representation of specific microbes, such as genera belonging to Prevotellaceae and Proteobacteria (eg, Escherichia/Shigella), as compared with infants recommended to exclusively breast-feed. CONCLUSIONS Specific gut microbiota characteristics of samples from 3-month-old breast-fed infants were associated with cesarean birth, and greater Clostridium sensu stricto abundance was associated with atopic dermatitis. The randomized introduction of allergenic solids from age 3 months alongside breast-feeding was associated with differential dynamics of maturation of the gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Marrs
- Paediatric Allergy Research Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergies Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth, United Kingdom
| | - Jay-Hyun Jo
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Michael R Perkin
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Damian W Rivett
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adam A Witney
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth D Bruce
- Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Science Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Logan
- Paediatric Allergy Research Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Craven
- Paediatric Allergy Research Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suzana Radulovic
- Paediatric Allergy Research Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Children's Allergies Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth, United Kingdom
| | - Serge A Versteeg
- Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W H Irwin McLean
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gideon Lack
- Paediatric Allergy Research Group, Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md
| | - Carsten Flohr
- Unit for Population-Based Dermatology Research, St John's Institute of Dermatology, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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244
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Palmu J, Lahti L, Niiranen T. Targeting Gut Microbiota to Treat Hypertension: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:1248. [PMID: 33561095 PMCID: PMC7908114 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While hypertension remains the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, the pathogenesis of essential hypertension remains only partially understood. Recently, microbial dysbiosis has been associated with multiple chronic diseases closely related to hypertension. In addition, multiple small-scale animal and human studies have provided promising results for the association between gut microbial dysbiosis and hypertension. Animal models and a small human pilot study, have demonstrated that high salt intake, a risk factor for both hypertension and cardiovascular disease, depletes certain Lactobacillus species while oral treatment of Lactobacilli prevented salt-sensitive hypertension. To date, four large cohort studies have reported modest associations between gut microbiota features and hypertension. In this systematic literature review, we examine the previously reported links between the gut microbiota and hypertension and what is known about the functional mechanisms behind this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonatan Palmu
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Anti-Acid Drug Treatment Induces Changes in the Gut Microbiome Composition of Hemodialysis Patients. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020286. [PMID: 33573326 PMCID: PMC7910989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-acid drugs, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 blocker (H2-blocker), are commonly prescribed to treat gastrointestinal disorders. These anti-acid drugs alter gut microbiota in the general population, but their effects are not known in hemodialysis patients. Hence, we investigated the microbiota composition in hemodialysis patients treated with PPIs or H2-blocker. Among 193 hemodialysis patients, we identified 32 H2-blocker users, 23 PPI users, and 138 no anti-acid drug subjects. Fecal samples were obtained to analyze the gut microbiome using 16S RNA amplicon sequencing. Differences in the microbial composition of the H2-blocker users, PPI users, and controls were assessed using linear discriminant analysis effect size and the random forest algorithm. The species richness or evenness (α-diversity) was similar among the three groups, whereas the inter-individual diversity (β-diversity) was different between H2-blocker users, PPI users, and controls. Hemodialysis patients treated with H2-blocker and PPIs had a higher microbial dysbiosis index than the controls, with a significant increase in the genera Provetella 2, Phascolarctobacterium, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and Eubacterium oxidoreducens group in H2-blocker users, and Streptococcus and Veillonella in PPI users. In addition, compared to the H2-blocker users, there was a significant enrichment of the genera Streptococcus in PPI users, as confirmed by the random forest analysis and the confounder-adjusted regression model. In conclusion, PPIs significantly changed the gut microbiota composition in hemodialysis patients compared to H2-blocker users or controls. Importantly, the Streptococcus genus was significantly increased in PPI treatment. These findings caution against the overuse of PPIs.
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Exercise and food supplement of vitamin C ameliorate hypertension through improvement of gut microflora in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2021; 269:119097. [PMID: 33482189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise and food supplement of vitamin C (VC) are beneficial to human health, especially for those who suffer from hypertension. Here we tend to explore if gut microflora is involved in the anti-hypertensive effects of exercise and VC-supplement therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, the small intestine pathology and the fecal microbiota was analyzed along with the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (PICs and AICs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and intestine. KEY FINDINGS We found that both exercise and VC intake, individually or combined, were able to alleviate the blood pressure in the SHRs comparing to the normotensive control Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats. The expression level of PICs in the PVN and intestine of the SHRs was down-regulated while the AICs were up-regulated after treatments, together with down-regulation of ROS in the PVN. At meantime, the gut pathology was dramatically improved in the SHRs with exercise training or VC intake. Analysis of the gut microflora revealed significant changes in their composition. Several important micro-organisms that were deficient in the SHRs were found up-regulated by the treatments, including Turicibacter and Romboutsia which are involved in the short-chain fatty acid production. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise training and VC intake individually can modify the gut microflora composition and improve the inflammatory state in both PVN and intestine, which contribute to their anti-hypertensive function. Combination of the two treatments enhanced their effects and worth to be considered as a non-medical aid for the hypertensive patients.
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Koeninger L, Osbelt L, Berscheid A, Wendler J, Berger J, Hipp K, Lesker TR, Pils MC, Malek NP, Jensen BAH, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Strowig T, Jan Wehkamp. Curbing gastrointestinal infections by defensin fragment modifications without harming commensal microbiota. Commun Biol 2021; 4:47. [PMID: 33420317 PMCID: PMC7794397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens, especially bacteria from the ESKAPE panel, increases the risk to succumb to untreatable infections. We developed a novel antimicrobial peptide, Pam-3, with antibacterial and antibiofilm properties to counter this threat. The peptide is based on an eight-amino acid carboxyl-terminal fragment of human β-defensin 1. Pam-3 exhibited prominent antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens and additionally eradicated already established biofilms in vitro, primarily by disrupting membrane integrity of its target cell. Importantly, prolonged exposure did not result in drug-resistance to Pam-3. In mouse models, Pam-3 selectively reduced acute intestinal Salmonella and established Citrobacter infections, without compromising the core microbiota, hence displaying an added benefit to traditional broad-spectrum antibiotics. In conclusion, our data support the development of defensin-derived antimicrobial agents as a novel approach to fight multidrug-resistant bacteria, where Pam-3 appears as a particularly promising microbiota-preserving candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Koeninger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lisa Osbelt
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- ESF International Graduate School on Analysis, Imaging and Modelling of Neuronal and Inflammatory Processes, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Berscheid
- Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Judith Wendler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Berger
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Electron Microscopy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Hipp
- Max-Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Electron Microscopy, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Till R Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marina C Pils
- Mouse Pathology and Histology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department for Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Resolving Infection Susceptibility, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence - Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
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Altered Gut Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Association with Food Components. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010035. [PMID: 33429936 PMCID: PMC7827153 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between diet and gut microbiota has gained interest as a potential contributor in pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The purpose of this study was to compare food components and gut microbiota patterns between IBS patients and healthy controls (HC) as well as to explore the associations of food components and microbiota profiles. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 80 young adults with IBS and 21 HC recruited. The food frequency questionnaire was used to measure food components. Fecal samples were collected and profiled by 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing. Food components were similar in both IBS and HC groups, except in caffeine consumption. Higher alpha diversity indices and altered gut microbiota were observed in IBS compared to the HC. A negative correlation existed between total observed species and caffeine intake in the HC, and a positive correlation between alpha diversity indices and dietary fiber in the IBS group. Higher alpha diversity and gut microbiota alteration were found in IBS people who consumed caffeine more than 400 mg/d. Moreover, high microbial diversity and alteration of gut microbiota composition in IBS people with high caffeine consumption may be a clue toward the effects of caffeine on the gut microbiome pattern, which warrants further study.
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249
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Jing G, Zhang Y, Cui W, Liu L, Xu J, Su X. Meta-Apo improves accuracy of 16S-amplicon-based prediction of microbiome function. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:9. [PMID: 33407112 PMCID: PMC7788972 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to their much lower costs in experiment and computation than metagenomic whole-genome sequencing (WGS), 16S rRNA gene amplicons have been widely used for predicting the functional profiles of microbiome, via software tools such as PICRUSt 2. However, due to the potential PCR bias and gene profile variation among phylogenetically related genomes, functional profiles predicted from 16S amplicons may deviate from WGS-derived ones, resulting in misleading results. RESULTS Here we present Meta-Apo, which greatly reduces or even eliminates such deviation, thus deduces much more consistent diversity patterns between the two approaches. Tests of Meta-Apo on > 5000 16S-rRNA amplicon human microbiome samples from 4 body sites showed the deviation between the two strategies is significantly reduced by using only 15 WGS-amplicon training sample pairs. Moreover, Meta-Apo enables cross-platform functional comparison between WGS and amplicon samples, thus greatly improve 16S-based microbiome diagnosis, e.g. accuracy of gingivitis diagnosis via 16S-derived functional profiles was elevated from 65 to 95% by WGS-based classification. Therefore, with the low cost of 16S-amplicon sequencing, Meta-Apo can produce a reliable, high-resolution view of microbiome function equivalent to that offered by shotgun WGS. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that large-scale, function-oriented microbiome sequencing projects can probably benefit from the lower cost of 16S-amplicon strategy, without sacrificing the precision in functional reconstruction that otherwise requires WGS. An optimized C++ implementation of Meta-Apo is available on GitHub ( https://github.com/qibebt-bioinfo/meta-apo ) under a GNU GPL license. It takes the functional profiles of a few paired WGS:16S-amplicon samples as training, and outputs the calibrated functional profiles for the much larger number of 16S-amplicon samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongchao Jing
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Lab of Biofuels, Shandong Key Lab of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Lab of Biofuels, Shandong Key Lab of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenzhi Cui
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Lab of Biofuels, Shandong Key Lab of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Single-Cell Center, CAS Key Lab of Biofuels, Shandong Key Lab of Energy Genetics and Shandong Institute of Energy Research, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoquan Su
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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250
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Yao G, Zhang W, Yang M, Yang H, Wang J, Zhang H, Wei L, Xie Z, Li W. MicroPhenoDB Associates Metagenomic Data with Pathogenic Microbes, Microbial Core Genes, and Human Disease Phenotypes. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 18:760-772. [PMID: 33418085 PMCID: PMC8377004 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microbes play important roles in human health and disease. The interaction between microbes and hosts is a reciprocal relationship, which remains largely under-explored. Current computational resources lack manually and consistently curated data to connect metagenomic data to pathogenic microbes, microbial core genes, and disease phenotypes. We developed the MicroPhenoDB database by manually curating and consistently integrating microbe-disease association data. MicroPhenoDB provides 5677 non-redundant associations between 1781 microbes and 542 human disease phenotypes across more than 22 human body sites. MicroPhenoDB also provides 696,934 relationships between 27,277 unique clade-specific core genes and 685 microbes. Disease phenotypes are classified and described using the Experimental Factor Ontology (EFO). A refined score model was developed to prioritize the associations based on evidential metrics. The sequence search option in MicroPhenoDB enables rapid identification of existing pathogenic microbes in samples without running the usual metagenomic data processing and assembly. MicroPhenoDB offers data browsing, searching, and visualization through user-friendly web interfaces and web service application programming interfaces. MicroPhenoDB is the first database platform to detail the relationships between pathogenic microbes, core genes, and disease phenotypes. It will accelerate metagenomic data analysis and assist studies in decoding microbes related to human diseases. MicroPhenoDB is available through http://www.liwzlab.cn/microphenodb and http://lilab2.sysu.edu.cn/microphenodb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocai Yao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiyue Zhang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Lai Wei
- State Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 500060, China
| | - Zhi Xie
- Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; State Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 500060, China
| | - Weizhong Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Center for Precision Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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