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Bose SK, Howlader P, Jia X, Wang W, Yin H. Alginate oligosaccharide postharvest treatment preserve fruit quality and increase storage life via Abscisic acid signaling in strawberry. Food Chem 2019; 283:665-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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202
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Petrasch S, Knapp SJ, van Kan JAL, Blanco‐Ulate B. Grey mould of strawberry, a devastating disease caused by the ubiquitous necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:877-892. [PMID: 30945788 PMCID: PMC6637890 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea causes grey mould, a commercially damaging disease of strawberry. This pathogen affects fruit in the field, storage, transport and market. The presence of grey mould is the most common reason for fruit rejection by growers, shippers and consumers, leading to significant economic losses. Here, we review the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, mechanisms of infection and the genetics of host plant resistance. The development of grey mould is affected by environmental and genetic factors; however, little is known about how B. cinerea and strawberry interact at the molecular level. Despite intensive efforts, breeding strawberry for resistance to grey mould has not been successful, and the mechanisms underlying tolerance to B. cinerea are poorly understood and under-investigated. Current control strategies against grey mould include pre- and postharvest fungicides, yet they are generally ineffective and expensive. In this review, we examine available research on horticultural management, chemical and biological control of the pathogen in the field and postharvest storage, and discuss their relevance for integrative disease management. Additionally, we identify and propose approaches for increasing resistance to B. cinerea in strawberry by tapping into natural genetic variation and manipulating host factors via genetic engineering and genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Petrasch
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Steven J. Knapp
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Jan A. L. van Kan
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen UniversityWageningenNetherlands
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203
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Xie L, Zhang Q, Sun D, Yang W, Hu J, Niu L, Zhang Y. Virus-induced gene silencing in the perennial woody Paeonia ostii. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7001. [PMID: 31179188 PMCID: PMC6545099 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree peony is a perennial deciduous shrub with great ornamental and medicinal value. A limitation of its current functional genomic research is the lack of effective molecular genetic tools. Here, the first application of a Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in the tree peony species Paeonia ostii is presented. Two different approaches, leaf syringe-infiltration and seedling vacuum-infiltration, were utilized for Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. The vacuum-infiltration was shown to result in a more complete Agrobacterium penetration than syringe-infiltration, and thereby determined as an appropriate inoculation method. The silencing of reporter gene PoPDS encoding phytoene desaturase was achieved in TRV-PoPDS-infected triennial tree peony plantlets, with a typical photobleaching phenotype shown in uppermost newly-sprouted leaves. The endogenous PoPDS transcripts were remarkably down-regulated in VIGS photobleached leaves. Moreover, the green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence was detected in leaves and roots of plants inoculated with TRV-GFP, suggesting the capability of TRV to silence genes in various tissues. Taken together, the data demonstrated that the TRV-based VIGS technique could be adapted for high-throughput functional characterization of genes in tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihang Xie
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyu Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daoyang Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weizong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayuan Hu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lixin Niu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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204
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Moya-León MA, Mattus-Araya E, Herrera R. Molecular Events Occurring During Softening of Strawberry Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:615. [PMID: 31156678 PMCID: PMC6529986 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in fruit texture taking place during ripening, described as softening, are mainly due to alterations in structure and/or composition of the cell wall. Several non-covalent interactions between the three carbohydrate polymers of the cell wall, cellulose, pectins and hemicellulose, and many structural proteins and ions, enable a complex structure. During softening, the disassembly of the cell wall structure takes place, mediated by a complete set of cell wall degrading enzymes or proteins. Softening is a coordinated event that requires the orchestrated participation of a wide variety of proteins. Plant hormones and a set of transcription factors are the organizers of this multi-protein effort. Strawberry is a non climacteric fruit that softens intensively during the last stages of development. The Chilean strawberry fruit (Fragaria chiloensis), the maternal relative of the commercial strawberry (F. × ananassa), softens even faster than commercial strawberry. Softening of the Chilean strawberry fruit has been studied at different levels: changes in cell wall polymers, activity of cell wall degrading enzymes and transcriptional changes of their genes, providing a general view of the complex process. The search for the 'orchestra director' that could coordinate softening events in strawberry fruit has been focussed on hormones like ABA and auxins, and more precisely the relation ABA/AUX. These hormones regulate the expression of many cell wall degrading enzyme genes, and this massive transcriptional change that takes place involves the participation of key transcriptional factors (TF). This review provides an update of the present knowledge regarding the softening of strawberry fruit. Nevertheless, the entire softening process is still under active research especially for the great influence of texture on fruit quality and its high impact on fruit shelf life, and therefore it is expected that new and promising information will illuminate the field in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raul Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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205
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Zhang Z, Kang C, Zhang S, Li X. Transcript analyses reveal a comprehensive role of abscisic acid in modulating fruit ripening in Chinese jujube. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:189. [PMID: 31068143 PMCID: PMC6505321 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is a non-climacteric fruit; however, the underlying mechanism of ripening and the role of abscisic acid involved in this process are not yet understood for this species. RESULTS In the present study, a positive correlation between dynamic changes in endogenous ABA and the onset of jujube ripening was determined. Transcript analyses suggested that the expression balance among genes encoding nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (ZjNCED3), ABA-8'-hydroxylase (ZjCYP707A2), and beta-glucosidase (ZjBG4, ZjBG5, ZjBG8, and ZjBG9) has an important role in maintaining ABA accumulation, while the expression of a receptor (ZjPYL8), protein phosphatase 2C (ZjPP2C4-8), and sucrose nonfermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (ZjSnRK2-2 and ZjSnRK2-5) is important in regulating fruit sensitivity to ABA applications. In addition, white mature 'Dongzao' fruit were harvested and treated with 50 mg L- 1 ABA or 50 mg L- 1 nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) to explore the role of ABA in jujube fruit ripening. By comparative transcriptome analyses, 1103 and 505 genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA and NDGA applications on the 1st day after treatment, respectively. These DEGs were associated with photosynthesis, secondary, lipid, cell wall, and starch and sugar metabolic processes, suggesting the involvement of ABA in modulating jujube fruit ripening. Moreover, ABA also exhibited crosstalk with other phytohormones and transcription factors, indicating a regulatory network for jujube fruit ripening. CONCLUSIONS Our study further elucidated ABA-associated metabolic and regulatory processes. These findings are helpful for improving strategies for jujube fruit storage and for gaining insights into understand complex non-climacteric fruit ripening processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Chenxuan Kang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shuyi Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Forestry Administration of Linwei District, Weinan, 714000 Shaanxi China
| | - Xingang Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forestry of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
- Research Centre for Jujube Engineering and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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206
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Zhao Y, Mao W, Chen Y, Wang W, Dai Z, Dou Z, Zhang K, Wei L, Li T, Zeng B, Liu T, Fan Y, Yan J, Li B, Jia W. Optimization and standardization of transient expression assays for gene functional analyses in strawberry fruits. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:53. [PMID: 31069083 PMCID: PMC6491593 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry is increasingly used as a model plant for research on fruit growth and development. The transient gene manipulation (TGM) technique is widely used to determine the function of plant genes, including those in strawberry fruits. However, its reliable application for the precise identification of gene function has been difficult owing to the lack of conditional optimization. In this study, we found that successful transient gene manipulation requires optimization, with the vector type, temperature, and fruit developmental stage being three major factors determining success. Notably, we found that transient gene manipulation was feasible only from the large green fruit stage onwards, making it especially suitable for identifying genes involved in strawberry fruit ripening. Furthermore, we established a method called percentage difference of phenotype (PDP), in which the functional effect of a gene could be precisely and efficiently identified in strawberry fruits. This method can be used to estimate the functional effect of a gene as a value from 0 to 100%, such that different genes can be quantitatively compared for their relative abilities to regulate fruit ripening. This study provides a useful tool for accelerating research on the molecular basis of strawberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Zhengrong Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Zhechao Dou
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Lingzhi Wei
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Baozhen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Yijuan Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agriculture University, Beijing, CN 100193 P.R. China
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207
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Farcuh M, Toubiana D, Sade N, Rivero RM, Doron-Faigenboim A, Nambara E, Sadka A, Blumwald E. Hormone balance in a climacteric plum fruit and its non-climacteric bud mutant during ripening. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:51-65. [PMID: 30824029 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Hormone balance plays a crucial role in the control of fruit ripening. We characterized and compared hormone balance in two Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina Lindl.), namely Santa Rosa, a climacteric type, and Sweet Miriam, its non-climacteric bud-sport mutant. We assessed hormonal changes in gene expression associated with hormone biosynthesis, perception and signaling during ripening on-the tree and throughout postharvest storage and in response to ethylene treatments. Non-climacteric fruit displayed lower ethylene levels than climacteric fruit at all stages and lower auxin levels during the initiation of ripening on-the-tree and during most of post-harvest storage. Moreover, 1-MCP-induced ethylene decrease also resulted in low auxin contents in Santa Rosa, supporting the role of auxin in climacteric fruit ripening. The differences in auxin contents between Santa Rosa and Sweet Miriam fruit could be the consequence of different routed auxin biosynthesis pathways as indicated by the significant negative correlations between clusters of auxin metabolism-associated genes. Ethylene induced increased ABA levels throughout postharvest storage in both ripening types. Overall, ripening of Santa Rosa and Sweet Miriam fruit are characterized by distinct hormone accumulation pathways and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Farcuh
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - David Toubiana
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA; Department of Molecular Biology & Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978 Israel
| | | | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Avi Sadka
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis CA 95616, USA.
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208
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Brunetti C, Sebastiani F, Tattini M. Review: ABA, flavonols, and the evolvability of land plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 280:448-454. [PMID: 30824025 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that the ABA signaling pathway has greatly contributed to increase the complexity of land plants, thereby sustaining their ability to adapt in an ever-changing environment. The regulatory functions of the ABA signaling pathway go well beyond the movements of stomata and the dormancy of seeds. For instance, the ABA signaling regulates the flavonoid biosynthesis, consistent with the high integration of ABA and light signaling pathways, which occurs at the level of key signaling components, such as the bZIP transcription factors HY5 and ABI5. Here we focus on the regulation of 'colorless' (UV-absorbing) flavonol biosynthesis by the ABA signaling and, about how flavonols may regulate, in turn, the ABA signaling network. We discuss very recent findings that quercetin regulates the ABA signaling pathway, and hypothesize this might occur at the level of second messenger and perhaps of primary signaling components as well. We critically review old and recent suggestions of the primary roles played by flavonols, the ancient class of flavonoids already present in bryophytes, in the evolution of terrestrial plants. Our reasoning strongly supports the view that the ABA-flavonol relationship may represent a robust trait of land plants, and might have contributed to their adaptation on land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council of Italy, Trees and Timber Institute, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Florence, Italy; Department of Agri-Food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee 30, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, I-50019, Florence, Italy.
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209
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Li Y, Cao K, Zhu G, Fang W, Chen C, Wang X, Zhao P, Guo J, Ding T, Guan L, Zhang Q, Guo W, Fei Z, Wang L. Genomic analyses of an extensive collection of wild and cultivated accessions provide new insights into peach breeding history. Genome Biol 2019; 20:36. [PMID: 30791928 PMCID: PMC6383288 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-019-1648-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human selection has a long history of transforming crop genomes. Peach (Prunus persica) has undergone more than 5000 years of domestication that led to remarkable changes in a series of agronomically important traits, but genetic bases underlying these changes and the effects of artificial selection on genomic diversity are not well understood. RESULTS Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of peach evolution based on genome sequences of 480 wild and cultivated accessions. By focusing on a set of quantitative trait loci (QTLs), we provide evidence supporting that distinct phases of domestication and improvement have led to an increase in fruit size and taste and extended its geographic distribution. Fruit size was predominantly selected during domestication, and selection for large fruits has led to the loss of genetic diversity in several fruit weight QTLs. In contrast, fruit taste-related QTLs were successively selected for by domestication and improvement, with more QTLs selected for during improvement. Genome-wide association studies of 11 agronomic traits suggest a set of candidate genes controlling these traits and potential markers for molecular breeding. Candidate loci for genes that contributed to the adaption to low-chill regions were identified. Furthermore, the genomic bases of divergent selection for fruit texture and local breeding for different flavors between Asian and European/North American cultivars were also determined. CONCLUSIONS Our results elucidate the genetic basis of peach evolution and provide new resources for future genomics-guided peach breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Cao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gengrui Zhu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weichao Fang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changwen Chen
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tiyu Ding
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Guan
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenwu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lirong Wang
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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210
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Commisso M, Negri S, Bianconi M, Gambini S, Avesani S, Ceoldo S, Avesani L, Guzzo F. Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics and Tryptophan Decarboxylase In Vivo Characterization Provide Novel Insight on the Development of Kiwifruits ( Actinidia deliciosa). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E897. [PMID: 30791398 PMCID: PMC6413197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward) is a commercially important crop with highly nutritional green fleshy fruits. The post-harvest maturation of the fruits is well characterized, but little is known about the metabolic changes that occur during fruit development. Here we used untargeted metabolomics to characterize the non-volatile metabolite profile of kiwifruits collected at different time points after anthesis, revealing profound metabolic changes before the onset of ripening including the depletion of many classes of phenolic compounds. In contrast, the phytohormone abscisic acid accumulated during development and ripening, along with two indolamines (serotonin and its precursor tryptamine), and these were monitored in greater detail by targeted metabolomics. The role of indolamines in kiwifruit development is completely unknown, so we also characterized the identity of genes encoding tryptophan decarboxylase in A. deliciosa and its close relative A. chinensis to provide insight into the corresponding biological processes. Our results indicate that abscisic acid and indolamines fulfill unrecognized functions in the development and ripening of kiwifruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Commisso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Demethra Biotech, Strada dell'Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, 36043 Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Martino Bianconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Demethra Biotech, Strada dell'Innovazione 1, Camisano Vicentino, 36043 Vicenza, Italy.
| | - Sofia Gambini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Sara Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Stefania Ceoldo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Linda Avesani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Flavia Guzzo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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211
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Wu H, Li H, Chen H, Qi Q, Ding Q, Xue J, Ding J, Jiang X, Hou X, Li Y. Identification and expression analysis of strigolactone biosynthetic and signaling genes reveal strigolactones are involved in fruit development of the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:73. [PMID: 30764758 PMCID: PMC6376702 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and ripening of fresh fruits is an important trait for agricultural production and fundamental research. Almost all plant hormones participate in this process. Strigolactones (SLs) are a new class of plant hormones that regulate plant organ development and stress tolerance, but little is known about their roles in fruit development. RESULTS In this study, we identified SL biosynthetic and signaling genes in woodland strawberry, a typical non-climacteric fruit, and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in different plant tissues and developing fruits. One D27, two MAX1, and one LBO gene were identified as involved in SL biosynthesis, and one D14, one D3, and two D53 genes as related to SL signaling. The proteins encoded by these genes had similar motifs as SL biosynthetic and signaling proteins in rice and Arabidopsis. The genes had different expression levels in the root, stem, leaf, and petiole of woodland strawberry. In addition, the expression of most SL biosynthetic genes was high in developing carpel, anther, and style, while that of SL signaling genes was high in carpel and style, but low in anther, suggesting active SL biosynthesis and signaling in the developing carpel and style. Notably, the expression of SL biosynthetic and signaling genes was significantly increased in the receptacle after pollination and decreased during receptacle development. Moreover, low or no expression of these genes was detected in ripening fruits. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SLs play a role in the early stages of woodland strawberry fruit development. Our findings provide insight into the function of SLs and will facilitate further study of the regulation by SLs of fresh fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Huihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Present address: Fuyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuyang, 236065 China
| | - Hong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014 China
| | - Qi Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Qiangqiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Juan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xilin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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212
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Li D, Mou W, Xia R, Li L, Zawora C, Ying T, Mao L, Liu Z, Luo Z. Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data shows abscisic acid-responsive genes and miRNAs in strawberry receptacle fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:26. [PMID: 30729016 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0100-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening, but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood. By employing high-throughput sequencing technology, we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA- and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution. The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways, including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor (HSF) families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes, whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes. Additionally, 20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes, such as hormone balance regulation, pigments formation and cell wall degradation. Furthermore, degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA, Fa_novel6, could degrade its target gene HERCULES1, which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening. These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Wangshu Mou
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xia
- 3State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Christopher Zawora
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Tiejin Ying
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linchun Mao
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- 2Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- 1College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
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213
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Hu B, Lai B, Wang D, Li J, Chen L, Qin Y, Wang H, Qin Y, Hu G, Zhao J. Three LcABFs are Involved in the Regulation of Chlorophyll Degradation and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis During Fruit Ripening in Litchi chinensis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:448-461. [PMID: 30407601 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
During litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruit ripening, two major physiological changes, degreening (Chl degradation) and pigmentation (anthocyanin biosynthesis), are visually apparent. However, the specific factor triggering this important transition is still unclear. In the present study, we found that endogenous ABA content increased sharply when Chl breakdown was initiated and the ABA level peaked just before the onset of anthocyanin accumulation, suggesting that ABA plays an important role during litchi fruit pigmentation. We characterized three ABSCISIC ACID RESPONSE ELEMENT-BINDING FACTORs (LcABF1/2/3) belonging to group A of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors previously shown to be involved in ABA signaling under abiotic stress. LcABF1 transcripts increased at the onset of Chl degradation, and the expression of LcABF3 accumulated in parallel with anthocyanin biosynthesis. In addition, dual luciferase and yeast one-hybrid assays indicated that LcABF1/2 recognized ABA-responsive elements in the promoter region of Chl degradation-related genes (PAO and SGR), while LcABF2/3 bound the promoter region of LcMYB1 and anthocyanin biosynthesis-related structural genes. Indeed, Nicotiana benthamiana leaves transiently expressing LcABF1/2 showed a senescence phenomenon with Chl degradation, and LcABF3 overexpression increased the accumulation of anthocyanin via activation of LcMYB1, which is the key determinant of anthocyanin biosynthesis. These data indicate that LcABF1/2/3 are important transcriptional regulators of ABA-dependent litchi fruit ripening involved in both Chl degradation and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linhuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huicong Wang
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jietang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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214
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Li D, Mou W, Xia R, Li L, Zawora C, Ying T, Mao L, Liu Z, Luo Z. Integrated analysis of high-throughput sequencing data shows abscisic acid-responsive genes and miRNAs in strawberry receptacle fruit ripening. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:26. [PMID: 30729016 PMCID: PMC6355886 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-018-0100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) are crucial for strawberry fruit ripening, but the underlying mechanism of how ABA regulates ripening-related genes has not been well understood. By employing high-throughput sequencing technology, we comprehensively analyzed transcriptomic and miRNA expression profiles simultaneously in ABA- and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA, an ABA biosynthesis blocker)-treated strawberry fruits with temporal resolution. The results revealed that ABA regulated many genes in different pathways, including hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Transcription factor genes belonging to WRKY and heat shock factor (HSF) families might play key roles in regulating the expression of ABA inducible genes, whereas the KNOTTED1-like homeobox protein and Squamosa Promoter-Binding-like protein 18 might be responsible for ABA-downregulated genes. Additionally, 20 known and six novel differentially expressed miRNAs might be important regulators that assist ABA in regulating target genes that are involved in versatile physiological processes, such as hormone balance regulation, pigments formation and cell wall degradation. Furthermore, degradome analysis showed that one novel miRNA, Fa_novel6, could degrade its target gene HERCULES1, which likely contributed to fruit size determination during strawberry ripening. These results expanded our understanding of how ABA drives the strawberry fruit ripening process as well as the role of miRNAs in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Wangshu Mou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Christopher Zawora
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Tiejin Ying
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Linchun Mao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agri-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, P.R. China
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215
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Feng J, Dai C, Luo H, Han Y, Liu Z, Kang C. Reporter gene expression reveals precise auxin synthesis sites during fruit and root development in wild strawberry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:563-574. [PMID: 30371880 PMCID: PMC6322568 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of auxin in strawberry fruit set and receptacle enlargement was demonstrated previously. While fertilization is known to trigger auxin biosynthesis, the specific tissue source of fertilization-induced auxin is not well understood. Here, the auxin reporter DR5ver2::GUS was introduced into wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca) to reveal auxin distribution in the seed and fruit receptacle pre- and post-fertilization as well as in the root. In addition, the expression of TAR and YUCCA genes coding for enzymes catalysing the two-step auxin biosynthesis pathway was investigated using their respective promoters fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter. Two FveTARs and four FveYUCs were shown to be expressed primarily in the endosperm and embryo inside the achenes as well as in root tips and lateral root primordia. Expression of these reporters in dissected tissues provided more detailed and precise spatial (cell and tissue) and temporal (pre- and post-fertilization) information on where auxin is synthesized and accumulates than previous studies in strawberry. Moreover, we generated CRISPR-mediated knock-out mutants of FveYUC10, the most abundant YUC in seeds; the mutants had a lower free auxin level in young fruit, but displayed no obvious morphological phenotypes. However, overexpression of FveYUC10 resulted in elongated hypocotyls in Arabidopsis caused by elevated auxin level. Overall, the study revealed auxin accumulation in the chalazal seed coat, embryo, receptacle vasculature, root tip, and lateral root primordia and highlighted the endosperm as the main auxin biosynthesis site for fruit set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Feng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafan Han
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Chunying Kang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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216
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Effect of abscisic acid (ABA) and chitosan/nano-silica/sodium alginate composite film on the color development and quality of postharvest Chinese winter jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao). Food Chem 2019; 270:385-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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217
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Yuan H, Yu H, Huang T, Shen X, Xia J, Pang F, Wang J, Zhao M. The complexity of the Fragaria x ananassa (octoploid) transcriptome by single-molecule long-read sequencing. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:46. [PMID: 30962939 PMCID: PMC6441658 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0126-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is an allopolyploid species with diverse and complex transcripts. The regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation have been extensively studied; however, little is known about the signaling mechanisms that direct this process in octoploid strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Here, we used long-read sequencing (LRS) technology and RNA-seq analysis to investigate the diversity and complexity of the polyploid transcriptome and differentially expressed transcripts along four successive fruit developmental stages of cultivated strawberry. We obtained a reference transcriptome with 119,897 unique full-length isoforms, including 2017 new isoforms and 2510 long noncoding RNAs. Based on the genome of the plausible progenitor (Fragaria vesca), 20,229 alternative splicing (AS) events were identified. Using this transcriptome, we found 17,485 differentially expressed transcripts during strawberry fruit development, including 527 transcription factors (TFs) belonging to 41 families. The expression profiles of all members of the auxin, ABA pathway, and anthocyanin biosynthesis gene families were also examined, and many of them were highly expressed at the ripe fruit stage, strongly indicating that the role of those genes is in the regulation of fruit ripening. We produce a high-quality reference transcriptome for octoploid strawberry, including much of the full-length transcript diversity, to help understand the regulatory mechanisms of fruit development and maturation of polyploid species, particularly via elucidation of the biochemical pathways involved in auxin, ABA, and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhao Yuan
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Biomarker Technologies Corporation, 101300 Beijing, China
| | - Xinjie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture of People’s Republic of China, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 430062 Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Xia
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Fuhua Pang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014 Nanjing, China
| | - Mizhen Zhao
- Institute of Pomology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, 210014 Nanjing, China
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218
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Waseem M, Rong X, Li Z. Dissecting the Role of a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor, SlbHLH22, Under Salt and Drought Stresses in Transgenic Solanum lycopersicum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:734. [PMID: 31231412 PMCID: PMC6558761 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses, such as temperature, heavy metals, drought, cold, and microbial infections adversely damage various aspects of plant growth and development. Salinity and drought are among major hazardous factors, which adversity affects plant growth and productivity. Transcription factors, such as basic helix-loop-helix play critical roles in regulating plant physiological processes under abiotic stresses. In this study, we presented the characterization of a tomato SlbHLH22 gene under abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. Plants overexpressing SlbHLH22 showed short height with small leaves and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. In wild type (WT) plant, the elevated levels of SlbHLH22 were detected under salt and D-mannitol stresses. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that SlbHLH22 protein was targeted to the nucleus in onion epidermal cells. Transactivation assay in yeast demonstrated that SlbHLH22 had transcriptional activation ability. The transgenic plants overexpressing SlbHLH22 displayed enhanced vigor and more tolerant to drought and salinity than WT. Overexpression of SlbHLH22 significantly peaked the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POD) to minimize the impacts of reactive oxygen species such as H2O2, which was reduced significantly in transgenic plants along with Malondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, the expression levels of ROS defense genes (SlPOD, SlCAT, SlSOD), ABA biosynthesis genes, proline biosynthesis, and flavonoids synthesis genes were also activated under salinity and drought. Taken together, our study implies that the overexpression of SlbHLH22 improved tomato plant stress resistance by improving ROS scavenging system, increasing osmotic potential and enhanced accumulation of secondary metabolites in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengguo Li
- *Correspondence: Zhengguo Li, orcid.org/0000-0002-4643-9540
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219
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Lama K, Yadav S, Rosianski Y, Shaya F, Lichter A, Chai L, Dahan Y, Freiman Z, Peer R, Flaishman MA. The distinct ripening processes in the reproductive and non-reproductive parts of the fig syconium are driven by ABA. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:115-131. [PMID: 30239815 PMCID: PMC6305202 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The common fig bears a unique closed inflorescence structure, the syconium, composed of small individual drupelets that develop from the ovaries, which are enclosed in a succulent receptacle of vegetative origin. The fig ripening process is traditionally classified as climacteric; however, recent studies have suggested that distinct mechanisms exist in its reproductive and non-reproductive parts. We analysed ABA and ethylene production, and expression of ABA-metabolism, ethylene-biosynthesis, MADS-box, NAC, and ethylene response-factor genes in inflorescences and receptacles of on-tree fruit treated with ABA, ethephon, fluridone, and nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Exogenous ABA and ethephon accelerated fruit ripening and softening, whereas fluridone and NDGA had the opposite effect, delaying endogenous ABA and ethylene production compared to controls. Expression of the ABA-biosynthesis genes FcNCED2 and FcABA2, ethylene-biosynthesis genes FcACS4, FcACOL, and FcACO2, FcMADS8, 14, 15, FcNAC1, 2, 5, and FcERF9006 was up-regulated by exogenous ABA and ethephon. NDGA down-regulated FcNCED2 and FcABA2, whereas fluridone down-regulated FcABA2; both down-regulated the ethylene-related genes. These results demonstrate the key role of ABA in regulation of ripening by promoting ethylene production, as in the climacteric model plant tomato, especially in the inflorescence. However, increasing accumulation of endogenous ABA until full ripeness and significantly low expression of ethylene-biosynthesis genes in the receptacle suggests non-climacteric, ABA-dependent ripening in the vegetative-originated succulent receptacle part of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Lama
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sharawan Yadav
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Yogev Rosianski
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Amnon Lichter
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Lijuan Chai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Yardena Dahan
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Zohar Freiman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Reut Peer
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
| | - Moshe A Flaishman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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220
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Haile ZM, Nagpala-De Guzman EG, Moretto M, Sonego P, Engelen K, Zoli L, Moser C, Baraldi E. Transcriptome Profiles of Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca) Fruit Interacting With Botrytis cinerea at Different Ripening Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1131. [PMID: 31620156 PMCID: PMC6759788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major cause of economic losses in strawberry fruit production, limiting fruit shelf life and commercialization. When the fungus infects Fragaria × ananassa strawberry at flowering or unripe fruit stages, symptoms develop after an extended latent phase on ripe fruits before or after harvesting. To elucidate the growth kinetics of B. cinerea on flower/fruit and the molecular responses associated with low susceptibility of unripe fruit stages, woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca flowers and fruits, at unripe white and ripe red stages, were inoculated with B. cinerea. Quantification of fungal genomic DNA within 72 h postinoculation (hpi) showed limited fungal growth on open flower and white fruit, while on red fruit, the growth was exponential starting from 24 hpi and sporulation was observed within 48 hpi. RNA sequencing applied to white and red fruit at 24 hpi showed that a total of 2,141 genes (12.5% of the total expressed genes) were differentially expressed due to B. cinerea infection. A broad transcriptional reprogramming was observed in both unripe and ripe fruits, involving in particular receptor and signaling, secondary metabolites, and defense response pathways. Membrane-localized receptor-like kinases and nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat genes were predominant in the surveillance system of the fruits, most of them being downregulated in white fruits and upregulated in red fruits. In general, unripe fruits exhibited a stronger defense response than red fruits. Genes encoding for pathogenesis-related proteins and flavonoid polyphenols as well as genes involved in cell-wall strengthening were upregulated, while cell-softening genes appeared to be switched off. As a result, B. cinerea remained quiescent in white fruits, while it was able to colonize ripe red fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkasa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Zoli
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops Department, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Baraldi,
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221
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Bai L, Chen Q, Jiang L, Lin Y, Ye Y, Liu P, Wang X, Tang H. Comparative transcriptome analysis uncovers the regulatory functions of long noncoding RNAs in fruit development and color changes of Fragaria pentaphylla. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:42. [PMID: 30854215 PMCID: PMC6397888 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying fruit development and color change, comparative transcriptome analysis was employed to generate transcriptome profiles of two typical wild varieties of Fragaria pentaphylla at three fruit developmental stages (green fruit stage, turning stage, and ripe fruit stage). We identified 25,699 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) derived from 25,107 loci in the F. pentaphylla fruit transcriptome, which showed distinct stage- and genotype-specific expression patterns. Time course analysis detected a large number of differentially expressed protein-coding genes and lncRNAs associated with fruit development and ripening in both of the F. pentaphylla varieties. The target genes downregulated in the late stages were enriched in terms of photosynthesis and cell wall organization or biogenesis, suggesting that lncRNAs may act as negative regulators to suppress photosynthesis and cell wall organization or biogenesis during fruit development and ripening of F. pentaphylla. Pairwise comparisons of two varieties at three developmental stages identified 365 differentially expressed lncRNAs in total. Functional annotation of target genes suggested that lncRNAs in F. pentaphylla may play roles in fruit color formation by regulating the expression of structural genes or regulatory factors. Construction of the regulatory network further revealed that the low expression of Fra a and CHS may be the main cause of colorless fruit in F. pentaphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Leiyu Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yuntian Ye
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Peng Liu
- Chengdu Life Baseline Technology Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Cheng J, Niu Q, Zhang B, Chen K, Yang R, Zhu JK, Zhang Y, Lang Z. Downregulation of RdDM during strawberry fruit ripening. Genome Biol 2018; 19:212. [PMID: 30514401 PMCID: PMC6280534 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1587-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, DNA methylation was proposed to regulate fleshy fruit ripening. Fleshy fruits can be distinguished by their ripening process as climacteric fruits, such as tomatoes, or non-climacteric fruits, such as strawberries. Tomatoes undergo a global decrease in DNA methylation during ripening, due to increased expression of a DNA demethylase gene. The dynamics and biological relevance of DNA methylation during the ripening of non-climacteric fruits are unknown. Results Here, we generate single-base resolution maps of the DNA methylome in immature and ripe strawberry. We observe an overall loss of DNA methylation during strawberry fruit ripening. Thus, ripening-induced DNA hypomethylation occurs not only in climacteric fruit, but also in non-climacteric fruit. Application of a DNA methylation inhibitor causes an early ripening phenotype, suggesting that DNA hypomethylation is important for strawberry fruit ripening. The mechanisms underlying DNA hypomethylation during the ripening of tomato and strawberry are distinct. Unlike in tomatoes, DNA demethylase genes are not upregulated during the ripening of strawberries. Instead, genes involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation are downregulated during strawberry ripening. Further, ripening-induced DNA hypomethylation is associated with decreased siRNA levels, consistent with reduced RdDM activity. Therefore, we propose that a downregulation of RdDM contributes to DNA hypomethylation during strawberry ripening. Conclusions Our findings provide new insight into the DNA methylation dynamics during the ripening of non-climacteric fruit and suggest a novel function of RdDM in regulating an important process in plant development. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13059-018-1587-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ruihua Yang
- Horticultural Department, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhaobo Lang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Liao X, Li M, Liu B, Yan M, Yu X, Zi H, Liu R, Yamamuro C. Interlinked regulatory loops of ABA catabolism and biosynthesis coordinate fruit growth and ripening in woodland strawberry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E11542-E11550. [PMID: 30455308 PMCID: PMC6298082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812575115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit growth and ripening are controlled by multiple phytohormones. How these hormones coordinate and interact with each other to control these processes at the molecular level is unclear. We found in the early stages of Fragaria vesca (woodland strawberry) fruit development, auxin increases both widths and lengths of fruits, while gibberellin [gibberellic acid (GA)] mainly promotes their longitudinal elongation. Auxin promoted GA biosynthesis and signaling by activating GA biosynthetic and signaling genes, suggesting auxin function is partially dependent on GA function. To prevent the repressive effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on fruit growth, auxin and GA suppressed ABA accumulation during early fruit development by activating the expression of FveCYP707A4a encoding cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that catalyzes ABA catabolism. At the onset of fruit ripening, both auxin and GA levels decreased, leading to a steep increase in the endogenous level of ABA that drives fruit ripening. ABA repressed the expression of FveCYP707A4a but promoted that of FveNCED, a rate-limiting step in ABA biosynthesis. Accordingly, altering FveCYP707A4a expression changed the endogenous ABA levels and affected FveNCED expression. Hence, ABA catabolism and biosynthesis are tightly linked by feedback and feedforward loops to limit ABA contents for fruit growth and to quickly increase ABA contents for the onset of fruit ripening. These results indicate that FveCYP707A4a not only regulates ABA accumulation but also provides a hub to coordinate fruit size and ripening times by relaying auxin, GA, and ABA signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liao
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Mengsi Li
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Miaoling Yan
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaomin Yu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Hailing Zi
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Chizuko Yamamuro
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China;
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Batista-Silva W, Nascimento VL, Medeiros DB, Nunes-Nesi A, Ribeiro DM, Zsögön A, Araújo WL. Modifications in Organic Acid Profiles During Fruit Development and Ripening: Correlation or Causation? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1689. [PMID: 30524461 PMCID: PMC6256983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The pivotal role of phytohormones during fruit development and ripening is considered established knowledge in plant biology. Perhaps less well-known is the growing body of evidence suggesting that organic acids play a key function in plant development and, in particular, in fruit development, maturation and ripening. Here, we critically review the connection between organic acids and the development of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. By analyzing the metabolic content of different fruits during their ontogenetic trajectory, we noticed that the content of organic acids in the early stages of fruit development is directly related to the supply of substrates for respiratory processes. Although different organic acid species can be found during fruit development in general, it appears that citrate and malate play major roles in this process, as they accumulate on a broad range of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. We further highlight the functional significance of changes in organic acid profile in fruits due to either the manipulation of fruit-specific genes or the use of fruit-specific promoters. Despite the complexity behind the fluctuation in organic acid content during fruit development and ripening, we extend our understanding on the importance of organic acids on fruit metabolism and the need to further boost future research. We suggest that engineering organic acid metabolism could improve both qualitative and quantitative traits of crop fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willian Batista-Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Vitor L. Nascimento
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - David B. Medeiros
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Dimas M. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Agustín Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
- Max-Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Todeschini V, AitLahmidi N, Mazzucco E, Marsano F, Gosetti F, Robotti E, Bona E, Massa N, Bonneau L, Marengo E, Wipf D, Berta G, Lingua G. Impact of Beneficial Microorganisms on Strawberry Growth, Fruit Production, Nutritional Quality, and Volatilome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1611. [PMID: 30505312 PMCID: PMC6250784 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonize the roots of most terrestrial plant species, improving plant growth, nutrient uptake and biotic/abiotic stress resistance and tolerance. Similarly, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) enhance plant fitness and production. In this study, three different AMF (Funneliformis mosseae, Septoglomus viscosum, and Rhizophagus irregularis) were used in combination with three different strains of Pseudomonas sp. (19Fv1t, 5Vm1K and Pf4) to inoculate plantlets of Fragaria × ananassa var. Eliana F1. The effects of the different fungus/bacterium combinations were assessed on plant growth parameters, fruit production and quality, including health-promoting compounds. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse for 4 months and irrigated with a nutrient solution at two different phosphate levels. The number of flowers and fruits were recorded weekly. At harvest, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots, mycorrhizal colonization and concentration of leaf photosynthetic pigments were measured in each plant. The following fruit parameters were recorded: pH, titratable acids, concentration of organic acids, soluble sugars, ascorbic acids, and anthocyanidins; volatile and elemental composition were also evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and PCA/PCA-DA. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in plants inoculated with R. irregularis, followed by F. mosseae and S. viscosum. In general, AMF mostly affected the parameters associated with the vegetative portion of the plant, while PGPB were especially relevant for fruit yield and quality. The plant physiological status was differentially affected by inoculations, resulting in enhanced root and shoot biomass. Inoculation with Pf4 bacterial strain increased flower and fruit production per plant and malic acid content in fruits, while decreased the pH value, regardless of the used fungus. Inoculations affected fruit nutritional quality, increasing sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, and modulated pH, malic acid, volatile compounds and elements. In the present study, we show for the first time that strawberry fruit concentration of some elements and/or volatiles can be affected by the presence of specific beneficial soil microorganisms. In addition, our results indicated that it is possible to select the best plant-microorganism combination for field applications, and improving fruit production and quality, also in terms of health promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Todeschini
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nassima AitLahmidi
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Eleonora Mazzucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Francesco Marsano
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Fabio Gosetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Robotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Laurent Bonneau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Emilio Marengo
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Graziella Berta
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze ed Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
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An JP, Yao JF, Xu RR, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. Apple bZIP transcription factor MdbZIP44 regulates abscisic acid-promoted anthocyanin accumulation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2678-2692. [PMID: 29940702 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is less known. In this study, we found that the apple MYB transcription factor MdMYB1 activated anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to ABA. Using a yeast screening technique, we isolated MdbZIP44, an ABA-induced bZIP transcription factor in apple, as a co-partner with MdMYB1. MdbZIP44 promoted anthocyanin accumulation in response to ABA by enhancing the binding of MdMYB1 to the promoters of downstream target genes. Furthermore, we identified MdBT2, a BTB protein, as an MdbZIP44-interacting protein. A series of molecular, biochemical, and genetic analysis suggested that MdBT2 degraded MdbZIP44 protein through the Ubiquitin-26S proteasome system, thus inhibiting MdbZIP44-modulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, we reveal a novel working mechanism of MdbZIP44-mediated anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Ji-Fang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Rui-Rui Xu
- College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
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Zhang X, Su N, Jia L, Tian J, Li H, Huang L, Shen Z, Cui J. Transcriptome analysis of radish sprouts hypocotyls reveals the regulatory role of hydrogen-rich water in anthocyanin biosynthesis under UV-A. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:227. [PMID: 30305047 PMCID: PMC6180623 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen gas (H2) is the most abundant element in the universe, and has been reported to act as a novel beneficial gaseous molecule in plant adaptive responses. Radish sprouts are popular because they contain substantial amounts of antioxidants and health-promoting compounds, such as anthocyanin and glucosinolates. Although radish sprouts accumulated more anthocyanin under UV-A after treatment with hydrogen-rich water (HRW), the molecular mechanism responsible is still elusive. To explore these mechanisms, RNA-seq analysis was used. RESULTS Four cDNA libraries from radish sprout hypocotyls were constructed, and a total of 14,564 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through pairwise comparisons. By Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, these unigenes were found to be implicated in light signal perception and transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The MYB-bHLH-WD40 complex accounted for the majority of the transcription factors found to be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis, and levels of transcripts for this complex were in accordance with the anthocyanin concentrations observed. In addition, other transcription factors (such as NAC, bZIP and TCP) might participate in HRW-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the signaling processes of plant hormones, MAPKs and Ca2+ might be involved in HRW-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis under UV-A. The expression patterns of 16 selected genes were confirmed using qRT-PCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of this study may expand our understanding of HRW-promoted anthocyanin accumulation under UV-A in radish sprouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nana Su
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiyuan Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Zhenguo Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Developmental Variation in Fruit Polyphenol Content and Related Gene Expression of a Red-Fruited versus a White-Fruited Fragaria vesca Genotype. HORTICULTURAE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae4040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Two cultivars of F. vesca, red-fruited Baron Solemacher (BS) and white-fruited Pineapple Crush (PC), were studied to compare and contrast the quantitative accumulation of major polyphenols and related biosynthetic pathway gene expression patterns during fruit development and ripening. Developing PC fruit showed higher levels of hydroxycinnamic acids in green stages and a greater accumulation of ellagitannins in ripe fruit in comparison to BS. In addition to anthocyanin, red BS fruit had greater levels of flavan-3-ols when ripe than PC. Expression patterns of key structural genes and transcription factors of the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, an abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic gene, and a putative ABA receptor gene that may regulate the pathway, were also analyzed during fruit development and ripening to determine which genes exhibited differences in expression and when such differences were first evident. Expression of all pathway genes differed between the red BS and white PC at one or more times during development, most notably at ripening when phenylalanine ammonia lyase 1 (PAL1), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone-3′-hydroxylase (F3′H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and UDP:flavonoid-O-glucosyltransferase 1 (UFGT1) were significantly upregulated in the red BS fruit. The transcription factors MYB1 and MYB10 did not differ substantially between red and white fruit except at ripening, when both the putative repressor MYB1 and promoter MYB10 were upregulated in red BS but not white PC fruit. The expression of ABA-related gene 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 1 (NCED1) was higher in red BS fruit but only in the early green stages of development. Thus, a multigenic effect at several points in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid biosynthetic pathway due to lack of MYB10 upregulation may have resulted in white PC fruit.
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229
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Li C, Bian B, Gong T, Liao W. Comparative proteomic analysis of key proteins during abscisic acid-hydrogen peroxide-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 229:185-194. [PMID: 30082096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous results have shown that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-induced adventitious root development under drought stress. In this study, a comparative proteomic analysis was conducted to explore the key proteins during ABA-H2O2-induced adventitious rooting in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under drought stress. The results revealed that 48 of 56 detected proteins spots were confidently matched to NCBI database entries. Among them, 10 protein spots were up-regulated while 4 protein spots were down-regulated under drought stress; 22 protein spots were up-regulated by ABA under drought stress; treatment with ABA plus H2O2 scavenger catalase (CAT) up-regulated 6 protein spots and down-regulated 6 protein spots under drought stress. The identified proteins were divided into three categories: biological process, molecular function, and cellular component. According to their functions, the 48 identified proteins were grouped into 10 categories, including photosynthesis, stress response, protein folding, modification, and degradation, etc. According to subcellular localization, about 24 proteins (half of the total) were predicted to be localized in chloroplasts. ABA significantly up-regulated the expression of photosynthesis-related proteins (SBPase, OEE1), stress-defense-related proteins (2-Cys-Prx, HBP2), and folding-, modification-, and degradation-related proteins (TPal) under drought stress. However, the effects of ABA were inhibited by CAT. The proteins were further analyzed at the transcription level, and the expression of four of five genes (except 2-Cys-Prx) was in accordance with the corresponding protein expression. The protein abundance changes of OEE1 and SBPase were also supported by western blot analysis. Therefore, H2O2 may be involved in ABA-induced adventitious root development under drought stress by regulating photosynthesis-related proteins, stress defense-related proteins, and folding-, modification-, and degradation-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Li
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Biting Bian
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Tingyu Gong
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou 730070, China.
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Martín-Pizarro C, Posé D. Genome Editing as a Tool for Fruit Ripening Manipulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1415. [PMID: 30319675 PMCID: PMC6167941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few years, a series of tools for genome editing have been developed, allowing the introduction of precise changes into plant genomes. These have included Zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas9, which is so far the most successful and commonly used approach for targeted and stable editing of DNA, due to its ease of use and low cost. CRISPR/Cas9 is now being widely used as a new plant breeding technique to improve commercially relevant crop species. Fruit ripening is a complex and genetically controlled developmental process that is essential for acquiring quality attributes of the fruit. Although the number of studies published to date using genome editing tools to molecularly understand or improve fruit ripening is scarce, in this review we discuss these achievements and how genome editing opens tremendous possibilities not only for functional studies of genes involved in fruit ripening, but also to generate non-transgenic plants with an improved fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Posé
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
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231
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Wei L, Mao W, Jia M, Xing S, Ali U, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Cao M, Dai Z, Zhang K, Dou Z, Jia W, Li B. FaMYB44.2, a transcriptional repressor, negatively regulates sucrose accumulation in strawberry receptacles through interplay with FaMYB10. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4805-4820. [PMID: 30085079 PMCID: PMC6137983 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sugar and acid metabolism are critical for fruit ripening and quality formation, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we identified a transcriptional repressor, FaMYB44.2, that regulates sugar and acid accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa 'Benihoppe') receptacles. We transiently expressed FaMYB44.2 in strawberry fruit and conducted metabolic and molecular analyses to explore the role of FaMYB44.2 in sugar and acid accumulation in strawberry. We found that FaMYB44.2 negatively regulates soluble sugar accumulation and malic acid content and represses the expression of numerous structural genes, including FaSPS3, a key gene in sucrose accumulation. From the white fruit stage onwards, the repressive effect of FaMYB44.2 on FaSPS3 is reversed by FaMYB10, which positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation. Our results indicate that FaMYB10 suppresses FaMYB44.2 expression; weakens the interaction between FaMYB44.2 and its co-repressor, FabHLH3; and cooperates with FabHLH3 to activate the expression of FaSPS3. The interplay between FaMYB10 and FaMYB44.2 results in sucrose accumulation in ripe strawberry fruits. In addition, the repressive effect of FaMYB44.2 on sucrose accumulation is enhanced by jasmonic acid. This study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of sucrose accumulation and sheds light on the interplay between regulatory proteins during strawberry fruit ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Wei
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Mao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meiru Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sinian Xing
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Usman Ali
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yating Chen
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minglin Cao
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengrong Dai
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhechao Dou
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensuo Jia
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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232
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Mat Jalaluddin NS, Othman RY, Harikrishna JA. Global trends in research and commercialization of exogenous and endogenous RNAi technologies for crops. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:67-78. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1496064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurzatil Sharleeza Mat Jalaluddin
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre of Innovation & Commercialization, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rofina Yasmin Othman
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre of Innovation & Commercialization, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Ann Harikrishna
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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233
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Zhang Y, Yin X, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Liu X, Zhang B, Yang X, Grierson D, Jiang G, Klee HJ, Chen K. An ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR-MYB Transcription Complex Regulates Furaneol Biosynthesis by Activating QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE Expression in Strawberry. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:189-201. [PMID: 29987002 PMCID: PMC6130037 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone is a major contributor to the aroma of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit, and the last step in its biosynthesis is catalyzed by strawberry quinone oxidoreductase (FaQR). Here, an ethylene response factor (FaERF#9) was characterized as a positive regulator of the FaQR promoter. Linear regression analysis indicated that FaERF#9 transcript levels were correlated significantly with both FaQR transcripts and furanone content in different strawberry cultivars. Transient overexpression of FaERF#9 in strawberry fruit significantly increased FaQR expression and furaneol production. Yeast one-hybrid assays, however, indicated that FaERF#9 by itself did not bind to the FaQR promoter. An MYB transcription factor (FaMYB98) identified in yeast one-hybrid screening of the strawberry cDNA library was capable of both binding to the promoter and activating the transcription of FaQR by ∼5.6-fold. Yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation confirmed a direct protein-protein interaction between FaERF#9 and FaMYB98, and in combination, they activated the FaQR promoter 14-fold in transactivation assays. These results indicate that an ERF-MYB complex containing FaERF#9 and FaMYB98 activates the FaQR promoter and up-regulates 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone biosynthesis in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueren Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Xiao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuying Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaojia Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Donald Grierson
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Harry J Klee
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Horticultural Sciences, Plant Innovation Center, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
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234
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The Effect of Ethephon, Abscisic Acid, and Methyl Jasmonate on Fruit Ripening in Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum). HORTICULTURAE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae4030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ripening in blueberry fruit is irregular and occurs over an extended period requiring multiple harvests, thereby increasing the cost of production. Several phytohormones contribute to the regulation of fruit ripening. Certain plant growth regulators (PGRs) can alter the content, perception, or action of these phytohormones, potentially accelerating fruit ripening and concentrating the ripening period. The effects of three such PGRs—ethephon, abscisic acid, and methyl jasmonate—on fruit ripening were evaluated in the rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium virgatum) cultivars ‘Premier’ and ‘Powderblue’. Application of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing PGR, at 250 mg L−1 when 30–40% of fruit on the plant were ripe, accelerated ripening by increasing the proportion of blue (ripe) fruit by 1.5–1.8-fold within 4 to 7 days after treatment in both cultivars. Ethephon applications did not generally alter fruit quality characteristics at harvest or during postharvest storage, except for a slight decrease in juice pH at 1 day of postharvest storage and an increase in fruit firmness and titratable acidity after 15 days of postharvest storage in Powderblue. In Premier, ethephon applications decreased the proportion of defective fruit at 29 days of postharvest storage. Abscisic acid (600–1000 mg L−1) and methyl jasmonate (0.5–1 mM) applications did not alter the proportion of ripe fruit in either cultivar. These applications also had little effect on fruit quality characteristics at harvest and during postharvest storage. None of the above PGR applications affected the development of naturally occurring postharvest pathogens during storage. Together, data from this study indicated that ethephon has the potential to accelerate ripening in rabbiteye blueberry fruit, allowing for a potential decrease in the number of fruit harvests.
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235
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Guo X, Wang Y, Zhai Z, Huang T, Zhao D, Peng X, Feng C, Xiao Y, Li T. Transcriptomic analysis of light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in bicolored cherry fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 130:663-677. [PMID: 30131207 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruits are classified into dark-red and bicolored cultivars based on their anthocyanin contents; however, the mechanisms regulating the accumulation of these pigments are unclear. Here, we reveal that anthocyanin accumulation is highly dependent on light in bicolored 'Rainier' cherries, while it is only slightly light dependent in the dark-red 'Hongdeng' fruits. To reveal the transcriptional mechanisms regulating light-dependent anthocyanin accumulation in bicolored 'Rainier' cherries, we sequenced the transcriptomes of fruits grown in light or in darkness. Genes encoding the anthocyanin biosynthesis enzymes chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, and flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase were significantly upregulated by light in the bicolored fruits. Most of the differentially expressed regulatory genes were known to be involved in the light or hormone signal transduction pathways, such as those encoding protein phosphatase 2Cs, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3, phytochromes, and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5. The expression levels of 32 highly expressed transcription factors were found to be significantly altered by light in the bicolored fruits, including members of the basic leucine zipper, R2R3-MYB, and WRKY transcription factor families. A co-expression network analysis further revealed that many of the light-regulated genes were co-expressed with genes involved in the abscisic acid and gibberellic acid signaling pathways, suggesting that these phytohormones play important roles in light-dependent anthocyanin biosynthesis. Together, our data reveal multiple roles for light in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in differently colored cherries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Guo
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zefeng Zhai
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianjiao Huang
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiang Peng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianhong Li
- Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Beijing, 102206, China.
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236
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Jarret DA, Morris J, Cullen DW, Gordon SL, Verrall SR, Milne L, Hedley PE, Allwood JW, Brennan RM, Hancock RD. A Transcript and Metabolite Atlas of Blackcurrant Fruit Development Highlights Hormonal Regulation and Reveals the Role of Key Transcription Factors. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1235. [PMID: 30210515 PMCID: PMC6119775 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Blackcurrant fruit collected at six stages of development were assessed for changes in gene expression using custom whole transcriptome microarrays and for variation in metabolite content using a combination of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal components analysis demonstrated that fruit development could be clearly defined according to their transcript or metabolite profiles. During early developmental stages, metabolite profiles were dominated by amino acids and tannins, whilst transcript profiles were enriched in functions associated with cell division, anatomical structure morphogenesis and cell wall metabolism. During mid fruit development, fatty acids accumulated and transcript profiles were consistent with seed and embryo development. At the later stages, sugars and anthocyanins accumulated consistent with transcript profiles that were associated with secondary metabolism. Transcript data also indicated active signaling during later stages of fruit development. A targeted analysis of signaling networks revealed a dynamic activation and repression of almost 60 different transcripts encoding transcription factors across the course of fruit development, many of which have been demonstrated as pivotal to controlling such processes in other species. Transcripts associated with cytokinin and gibberellin were highly abundant at early fruit development, whilst those associated with ABA and ethylene tended to be more abundant at later stages. The data presented here provides an insight into fruit development in blackcurrant and provides a foundation for further work in the elucidation of the genetic basis of fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenny Morris
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Danny W. Cullen
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra L. Gordon
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Susan R. Verrall
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Milne
- Information and Computational Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Pete E. Hedley
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - J. William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Rex M. Brennan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Robert D. Hancock
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
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237
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Hou BZ, Li CL, Han YY, Shen YY. Characterization of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit ripening regulated by ethylene and ABA. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:162. [PMID: 30097017 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1377-1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ripening of fleshy fruits has been classically defined as climacteric or non-climacteric. Both types of ripening are controlled by plant hormones, notably by ethylene in climacteric ripening and by abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric ripening. In pepper (Capsicum), fruit ripening has been widely classified as non-climacteric, but the ripening of the hot pepper fruit appears to be climacteric. To date, how to regulate the hot pepper fruit ripening through ethylene and ABA remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we examined ripening of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit during large green (LG), initial colouring (IC), brown (Br), and full red (FR) stages. We found a peak of ethylene emission at the IC stage, followed by a peak respiratory quotient at the Br stage. By contrast, ABA levels increased slowly before the Br stage, then increased sharply and reached a maximum level at the FR stage. Exogenous ethylene promoted colouration, but exogenous ABA did not. Unexpectedly, fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, promoted colouration. RNA-sequencing data obtained from the four stages around ripening showed that ACO3 and NCED1/3 gene expression determined ethylene and ABA levels, respectively. Downregulation of ACO3 and NCED1/3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited and promoted colouration, respectively, as evidenced by changes in carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene levels, as well as carotenoid biosynthesis-related gene expression. Importantly, the retarded colouration in ACO3-VIGS fruits was rescued by exogenous ethylene. CONCLUSIONS Ethylene positively regulates the hot pepper fruit colouration, while inhibition of ABA biosynthesis promotes colouration, suggesting a role of ABA in de-greening. Our findings provide new insights into processes of fleshy fruit ripening regulated by ABA and ethylene, focusing on ethylene in carotenoid biosynthesis and ABA in chlorophyll degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China.
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238
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Hou BZ, Li CL, Han YY, Shen YY. Characterization of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit ripening regulated by ethylene and ABA. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:162. [PMID: 30097017 PMCID: PMC6086059 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ripening of fleshy fruits has been classically defined as climacteric or non-climacteric. Both types of ripening are controlled by plant hormones, notably by ethylene in climacteric ripening and by abscisic acid (ABA) in non-climacteric ripening. In pepper (Capsicum), fruit ripening has been widely classified as non-climacteric, but the ripening of the hot pepper fruit appears to be climacteric. To date, how to regulate the hot pepper fruit ripening through ethylene and ABA remains unclear. RESULTS Here, we examined ripening of the hot pepper (Capsicum frutescens) fruit during large green (LG), initial colouring (IC), brown (Br), and full red (FR) stages. We found a peak of ethylene emission at the IC stage, followed by a peak respiratory quotient at the Br stage. By contrast, ABA levels increased slowly before the Br stage, then increased sharply and reached a maximum level at the FR stage. Exogenous ethylene promoted colouration, but exogenous ABA did not. Unexpectedly, fluridone, an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis, promoted colouration. RNA-sequencing data obtained from the four stages around ripening showed that ACO3 and NCED1/3 gene expression determined ethylene and ABA levels, respectively. Downregulation of ACO3 and NCED1/3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) inhibited and promoted colouration, respectively, as evidenced by changes in carotenoid, ABA, and ethylene levels, as well as carotenoid biosynthesis-related gene expression. Importantly, the retarded colouration in ACO3-VIGS fruits was rescued by exogenous ethylene. CONCLUSIONS Ethylene positively regulates the hot pepper fruit colouration, while inhibition of ABA biosynthesis promotes colouration, suggesting a role of ABA in de-greening. Our findings provide new insights into processes of fleshy fruit ripening regulated by ABA and ethylene, focusing on ethylene in carotenoid biosynthesis and ABA in chlorophyll degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Chun-Li Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Ying-Yan Han
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
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239
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Li Y, Lu Y, Li L, Chu Z, Zhang H, Li H, Fernie AR, Ouyang B. Impairment of hormone pathways results in a general disturbance of fruit primary metabolism in tomato. Food Chem 2018; 274:170-179. [PMID: 30372923 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fruit metabolites are regulated by different phytohormones; however, this needs to be investigated. Dynamic metabolite profiling, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, has been conducted on the fruit of tomato cultivar Micro-Tom and its five hormone mutants: dpy, not, dgt, epi and pro. In total, 48 metabolites were quantified, including sugars, organic acids and amino acids. The results demonstrated that ABA had a greater effect on the regulation of primary metabolism in tomato fruit, while ethylene can play an important role in the transition of primary to secondary metabolism. Besides, results from enzyme activities and transcript abundance involved in primary metabolism suggested that AIV and HXK4 could play key roles in the accumulation of the main sugars. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of the link between hormone and metabolite change during fruit development in a collection of mutants with diverse hormone pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuannan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 144776, Germany.
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), National Center for Vegetable Improvement (Central China), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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240
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Perin EC, da Silva Messias R, Borowski JM, Crizel RL, Schott IB, Carvalho IR, Rombaldi CV, Galli V. ABA-dependent salt and drought stress improve strawberry fruit quality. Food Chem 2018; 271:516-526. [PMID: 30236710 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry crop is very sensitive to osmotic stress conditions. We investigated the effect of the stress induced by mild drought (DS) and salt (SS) stresses, on molecular, physiological, and metabolic processes in the strawberry crop (Fragaria ananassa), cv. Camarosa. The results showed that the fruit yield was not affected. Mild DS and SS also resulted in an increased content of phenolics, anthocyanins, and l-ascorbic acid, and an increased antioxidant activity. These effects were accompanied by increased levels of ABA and its derivatives (phaseic and dehydrophasic acids), alongside the upregulation of several genes involved on their synthesis. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that mild DS and SS improve the functional quality of strawberry fruits through and ABA-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Perin
- Embrapa Clima Temperado, Rodovia BR 396, Km 78, Cx Postal 403, CEP 96001-970 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Messias
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Joyce Moura Borowski
- Embrapa Clima Temperado, Rodovia BR 396, Km 78, Cx Postal 403, CEP 96001-970 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rosane Lopes Crizel
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Igor Bulsing Schott
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ivan Ricardo Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cesar Valmor Rombaldi
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Galli
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus universitário S/N, Cx Postal 354, 96010-900 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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241
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Comparative Transcriptomic Profiling to Understand Pre- and Post-Ripening Hormonal Regulations and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Early Ripening Apple Fruit. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081908. [PMID: 30065188 PMCID: PMC6222687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘Hongyu’ apple is an early ripening apple cultivar and usually used for fresh marketing. Due to the short ripening period, most of the fruit are harvested at the commercial maturity stage for proper marketing distribution and a longer shelf life. Fruit ripening involves delicate changes to its metabolic and physiological traits through well-organized synchronization of several hormones and regulatory steps. A clear understanding of these hormonal alterations is crucial for extending the period from commercial to physiological ripening. This study was intended to clarify the hormonal alterations and anthocyanin biosynthesis process prior to and immediate after, the harvesting of apple fruit considering the commercial maturity stage. Fruits harvested at 120 Days after flowering (DAF) (HY_4th) was considered as commercially ripened, 110 DAF (HY_3rd) as pre-ripening and 120 DAF followed by five days storage at 20 °C (HY_20 °C_5) as post-ripening samples. Three different stages of fruit were used for transcriptome assembly using RNA-Seq. Results revealed 9187 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the post-ripening samples, which was comparatively lower (922 DEGs) in the pre-ripening fruits. DEGs were subjected to Gene Ontology analysis and 31 categories were significantly enriched in the groups ‘biological process,’ ‘molecular function’ and ‘cellular component.’ The DEGs were involved in hormonal signaling pathways like ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), auxin, gibberellin (GA), brassinosteroid (BR) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways such as PAL, 4CL, CHI, DFR, F3H, UFGT. Several transcription factors like the MADS-box gene, MYB, bHLH, NAC, WRKY and HSF were differentially expressed between the pre- and post-ripening fruits. Selected DEGs were subjected to gene expression analysis using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and the results were consistent with those of RNA-Seq. Our data suggested that in addition to ethylene, ABA and other hormones also play key roles in regulating apple fruit ripening and may interact with the ethylene signaling process. Additionally, our data provided an exhibition of the expression pattern of genes in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.
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242
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Zhang YL, Fang ZZ, Ye XF, Pan SL. Identification of candidate genes involved in anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) fruits by transcriptomic analysis. Gene 2018; 676:202-213. [PMID: 30030201 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Jaboticaba is a grape-like fruit that accumulates high levels of anthocyanins in the peel and is proposed as a good source of functional pigments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin accumulation in jaboticaba peel remains to be elucidated. In this study, we employed RNA-seq technique to compare the transcriptomic differences between green-colored and black-colored jaboticaba peels. Over 5 million high-quality reads were assembled into 62,190 unigenes with an average length of 737 bp, 29,320 (47.15%) of them were annotated by public databases. 2152 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed (830 upregulated and 1322 downregulated). Gene ontology analysis and pathway enrichment annotation revealed that 18 differentially expressed genes encode phenylalanine ammonialyase, 4-coumaroyl:CoA-ligase, chalcone synthase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase, anthocyanidin synthase, UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, glutathione S-transferase, Cytochrome b5 were associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, 54 differentially expressed transcription factors were identified. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in biosynthesis and signal transduction of ethylene and abscisic acid were negatively and positively correlated with that of anthocyanin pathway genes and anthocyanin accumulation, respectively. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis of candidate genes showed trends similar to those in the RNA-seq analysis. McMYB, a homolog of AtMYB113, induced anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves when co-infiltrated PsbHLH3. These results will contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating anthocyanin accumulation in jaboticaba peel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Zhang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Fang
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China.
| | - Xin-Fu Ye
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Shao-Lin Pan
- Fruit Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
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243
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Carrasco-Orellana C, Stappung Y, Mendez-Yañez A, Allan AC, Espley RV, Plunkett BJ, Moya-Leon MA, Herrera R. Characterization of a ripening-related transcription factor FcNAC1 from Fragaria chiloensis fruit. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10524. [PMID: 30002382 PMCID: PMC6043618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragaria chiloensis is a strawberry endemic from Chile with attractive white-pink fruit, pleasant aroma and taste. However, this fruit has a limited post-harvest period due to fast softening. Several transcription factors (TFs) are involved in the regulation of fruit ripening, and members of the NAC family have been implicated in cell wall remodeling. FcNAC1 was isolated from F. chiloensis fruit, coding a protein of 332 amino acid residues and displaying a characteristic NAC domain at the N terminus. FcNAC1 protein showed nuclear localization. An increase in transcript level was observed during ripening. A sequence of 1488 bp of FcNAC1 promoter was obtained. In silico analysis identified cis elements able to respond to some hormones and Secondary wall NAC binding elements (SNBE), and responding to auxin and ABA. A structural model of FcNAC1 provided evidence for interaction with DNA sequences containing SNBE, while a dual luciferase assay confirmed the transcriptional activation by FcNAC1 of the promoter of FcPL, a gene involved in cell wall remodeling in F. chiloensis fruit. The results suggest the participation of FcNAC1 during ripening development of strawberry fruit, by regulating pectin metabolism during softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Carrasco-Orellana
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Y Stappung
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - A Mendez-Yañez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - A C Allan
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R V Espley
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - B J Plunkett
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt. Albert Research Centre, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - M A Moya-Leon
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - R Herrera
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
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244
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Recognition of candidate transcription factors related to bilberry fruit ripening by de novo transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9943. [PMID: 29967355 PMCID: PMC6028583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) fruits are an excellent natural resource for human diet because of their special flavor, taste and nutritional value as well as medical properties. Bilberries are recognized for their high anthocyanin content and many of the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis have been characterized. So far, neither genomic nor RNA-seq data have been available for the species. In the present study, we de novo sequenced two bilberry fruit developmental stages, unripe green (G) and ripening (R). A total of 57,919 unigenes were assembled of which 80.2% were annotated against six public protein databases. The transcriptome served as exploratory data to identify putative transcription factors related to fruit ripening. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between G and R stages were prominently upregulated in R stage with the functional annotation indicating their main roles in active metabolism and catalysis. The unigenes encoding putative ripening-related regulatory genes, including members of NAC, WRKY, LOB, ERF, ARF and ABI families, were analysed by qRT-PCR at five bilberry developmental stages. Our de novo transcriptome database contributes to the understanding of the regulatory network associated with the fruit ripening in bilberry and provides the first dataset for wild Vaccinium species acquired by NGS technology.
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245
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Delgado LD, Zúñiga PE, Figueroa NE, Pastene E, Escobar-Sepúlveda HF, Figueroa PM, Garrido-Bigotes A, Figueroa CR. Application of a JA-Ile Biosynthesis Inhibitor to Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Strawberry Fruit Induces Upregulation of Specific MBW Complex-Related Genes and Accumulation of Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061433. [PMID: 29899259 PMCID: PMC6100305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fleshy fruits are an important source of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), which protect plants against stress, and their consumption provides beneficial effects for human health. In strawberry fruit, the application of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) upregulates anthocyanin accumulation, although the relationship between the jasmonate pathway and anthocyanin and PA biosynthesis in fruits remains to be understood. Anthocyanin and PA accumulation is mainly regulated at the transcriptional level through R2R3-MYB and bHLH transcription factors in different plant species and organs. Here, the effect of jarin-1, a specific inhibitor of bioactive JA (jasmonoyl-isoleucine, JA-Ile) biosynthesis, on anthocyanin and PA accumulation was evaluated during strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) fruit development using an in vitro ripening system for 48 h. Also, we observed the effects of MeJA and the application of jarin-1 to MeJA-treated fruits (MeJA + jarin-1 treatment). We assessed changes of expression levels for the JA-Ile and MeJA biosynthetic (FaJAR1.2 and FaJMT), JA signaling-related (FaMYC2 and FaJAZ1), MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) complex-related (FabHLH3/33, FaMYB9/10/11, and repressor FaMYB1), and anthocyanin and PA biosynthetic (FaANS, FaUFGT, FaANR, and FaLAR) genes. In addition, the promoter region of MBW complex-related MYB genes was isolated and sequenced. We found a higher redness of strawberry fruit skin and anthocyanin content in MeJA-treated fruits with respect to jarin-1-treated ones concomitant with an upregulation of FaANS and FaUFGT genes. Inversely, the PA content was higher in jarin-1- and MeJA + jarin-1-treated than in MeJA-treated fruits. MeJA + jarin-1 treatment resulted in an upregulation of FaANR and associated transcription factors such as FabHLH33 and FaMYB9/11 along with FaJMT and FaJAR1.2. Finally, we found JA-responsive elements in the promoter regions of FaMYB1/9/10/11 genes. It is proposed that PA biosynthesis-related genes can be upregulated by the application of jarin-1 to MeJA-treated fruit, thus increasing PA accumulation in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Delgado
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
| | - Paz E Zúñiga
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
| | - Nicolás E Figueroa
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
| | - Edgar Pastene
- Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Hugo F Escobar-Sepúlveda
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
| | - Pablo M Figueroa
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
| | - Adrián Garrido-Bigotes
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
- Faculty of Forest Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile.
| | - Carlos R Figueroa
- Phytohormone Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3465548, Chile.
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246
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Saito T, Thunyamada S, Wang S, Ohkawa K, Ohara H, Kondo S. Exogenous ABA and endogenous ABA affects ‘Kyoho’ grape berry coloration in different pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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247
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Guo J, Wang S, Yu X, Dong R, Li Y, Mei X, Shen Y. Polyamines Regulate Strawberry Fruit Ripening by Abscisic Acid, Auxin, and Ethylene. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:339-351. [PMID: 29523717 PMCID: PMC5933135 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) participate in many plant growth and developmental processes, including fruit ripening. However, it is not clear whether PAs play a role in the ripening of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), a model nonclimacteric plant. Here, we found that the content of the PA spermine (Spm) increased more sharply after the onset of fruit coloration than did that of the PAs putrescine (Put) or spermidine (Spd). Spm dominance in ripe fruit resulted from abundant transcripts of a strawberry S-adenosyl-l-Met decarboxylase gene (FaSAMDC), which encodes an enzyme that generates a residue needed for PA biosynthesis. Exogenous Spm and Spd promoted fruit coloration, while exogenous Put and a SAMDC inhibitor inhibited coloration. Based on transcriptome data, up- and down-regulation of FaSAMDC expression promoted and inhibited ripening, respectively, which coincided with changes in several physiological parameters and their corresponding gene transcripts, including firmness, anthocyanin content, sugar content, polyamine content, auxin (indole-3-acetic acid [IAA]) content, abscisic acid (ABA) content, and ethylene emission. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we found that FaSAMDC also had a high enzymatic activity with a Kd of 1.7 × 10-3 m In conclusion, PAs, especially Spm, regulate strawberry fruit ripening in an ABA-dominated, IAA-participating, and ethylene-coordinated manner, and FaSAMDC plays an important role in ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Address correspondence to or
| | - Shufang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yuzhong Li
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Water Resources and Dryland Farming Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
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248
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Hou BZ, Xu C, Shen YY. A leu-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase, FaRIPK1, interacts with the ABA receptor, FaABAR, to regulate fruit ripening in strawberry. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:1569-1582. [PMID: 29281111 PMCID: PMC5888985 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa) is a model plant for studying non-climacteric fruit ripening regulated by abscisic acid (ABA); however, its exact molecular mechanisms are yet not fully understood. In this study, a predicted leu-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase in strawberry, red-initial protein kinase 1 (FaRIPK1), was screened and, using a yeast two-hybrid assay, was shown to interact with a putative ABA receptor, FaABAR. This association was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation assays, and shown to occur in the nucleus. Expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that FaRIPK1 is expressed in roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit, with a particularly high expression in white fruit at the onset of coloration. Down-regulation of FaRIPK1 expression in strawberry fruit, using Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing, inhibited ripening, as evidenced by suppression of ripening-related physiological changes and reduced expression of several genes involved in softening, sugar content, pigmentation, and ABA biosynthesis and signaling. The yeast-expressed LRR and STK (serine/threonine protein kinase) domains of FaRIPK1 bound ABA and showed kinase activity, respectively. A fruit disc-incubation test revealed that FaRIPK1 expression was induced by ABA and ethylene. The synergistic action of FaRIPK1 with FaABAR in regulation of strawberry fruit ripening is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Zhu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Beijing, P. R. China
- National Plant Gene Research Center, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yue Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, P. R. China
- Correspondence:
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249
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Wang S, Song M, Guo J, Huang Y, Zhang F, Xu C, Xiao Y, Zhang L. The potassium channel FaTPK1 plays a critical role in fruit quality formation in strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:737-748. [PMID: 28851008 PMCID: PMC5814577 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+), an abundant cation in plant cells, is important in fruit development and plant resistance. However, how cellular K+ is directed by potassium channels in fruit development and quality formation of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is not yet fully clear. Here, a two‐pore K+ (TPK) channel gene in strawberry, FaTPK1, was cloned using reverse transcription–PCR. A green fluorescent protein subcellular localization analysis showed that FaTPK1 localized in the vacuole membrane. A transcription analysis indicated that the mRNA expression level of FaTPK1 increased rapidly and was maintained at a high level in ripened fruit, which was coupled with the fruit's red colour development, suggesting that FaTPK1 is related to fruit quality formation. The down‐ and up‐regulation of the FaTPK1mRNA expression levels using RNA interference and overexpression, respectively, inhibited and promoted fruit ripening, respectively, as demonstrated by consistent changes in firmness and the contents of soluble sugars, anthocyanin and abscisic acid, as well as the transcript levels of ripening‐regulated genes PG1 (polygalacturonase), GAL6 (beta‐galactosidase), XYL2 (D‐xylulose reductase), SUT1 (sucrose transporter), CHS (chalcone synthase) and CHI (chalcone flavanone isomerase). Additionally, the regulatory changes influenced fruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. An isothermal calorimetry analysis showed that the Escherichia coli‐expressed FaTPK1 recombinant protein could bind K+ with a binding constant of 2.1 × 10–3 m−1 and a dissociation constant of 476 μm. Thus, the strawberry TPK1 is a ubiquitously expressed, tonoplast‐localized two‐pore potassium channel that plays important roles in fruit ripening and quality formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Wang
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Miaoyu Song
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Guo
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of resources and environmentBeijing University of AgricultureBeijingChina
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Cheng Xu
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lusheng Zhang
- College of HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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250
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Zhao F, Li G, Hu P, Zhao X, Li L, Wei W, Feng J, Zhou H. Identification of basic/helix-loop-helix transcription factors reveals candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis from the strawberry white-flesh mutant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2721. [PMID: 29426907 PMCID: PMC5807450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As the second largest transcription factor family in plant, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor family, characterized by the conserved bHLH domain, plays a central regulatory role in many biological process. However, the bHLH transcription factor family of strawberry has not been systematically identified, especially for the anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, we identified a total of 113 bHLH transcription factors and described their chromosomal distribution and bioinformatics for the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca. In addition, transcription profiles of 113 orthologous bHLH genes from various tissues were analyzed for the cultivar 'Benihoppe', its white-flesh mutant 'Xiaobai', and the 'Snow Princess' from their fruit development to the ripening, as well as those under either the ABA or Eth treatment. Both the RT-PCR and qRT-PCR results show that seven selected FabHLH genes (FabHLH17, FabHLH25, FabHLH27, FabHLH29, FabHLH40, FabHLH80, FabHLH98) are responsive to the fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis and hormone signaling according to transcript profiles where three color modes are observed for strawberry's fruit skin and flesh. Further, prediction for the protein interaction network reveals that four bHLHs (FabHLH25, FabHLH29, FabHLH80, FabHLH98) are involved in the fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis and hormone signaling transduction. These bioinformatics and expression profiles provide a good basis for a further investigation of strawberry bHLH genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengli Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liangjie Li
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiayue Feng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Houcheng Zhou
- Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Breeding Technology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhengzhou, China.
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