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Wei C, Qin T, Li Y, Wang W, Dong T, Wang Q. Host-induced gene silencing of the acetolactate synthases VdILV2 and VdILV6 confers resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:392-397. [PMID: 32005518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cotton Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases and is difficult to control. However, resistant germplasm resources are scarce in cotton. Many studies have shown that host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) is a practical and effective technology in crop disease prevention by silencing virulence genes of pathogens. Acetolactate synthase (ALS) contains a catalytic subunit ILV2 and a regulatory subunit ILV6, which catalyzes the first common step reaction in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) biosynthesis. We identified two acetolactate synthases, VdILV2 and VdILV6, which are homologs of ILV2 and ILV6, respectively, in Magnaporthe oryzae. To characterize the function of VdILV2 and VdILV6 in V. dahliae, we suppressed their expression in the strong pathogenic isolate Vd991 by using HIGS technology. VdILV2- or VdILV6-silenced V. dahliae had a dramatic reduction in pathogenicity. The results indicated that VdILV2 and VdILV6 are involved in the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. HIGS of VdILV2 or VdILV6 provides a novel fungicide target and an effective control to resist Verticillium wilt caused by V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Yuqing Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Weipeng Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Tao Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Henan, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
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202
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Nouri MT, Lawrence DP, Kallsen CE, Trouillas FP. Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E134. [PMID: 31973206 PMCID: PMC7076687 DOI: 10.3390/plants9020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, declining pistachio rootstocks were detected in newly planted commercial pistachio orchards in Kern County, California. Symptoms were characterized by wilted foliage combined with crown rot in the rootstock. From diseased trees, 42 isolates were obtained, and all had similar cultural and morphological characteristics of Macrophomina phaseolina. Analyses of nucleotide sequences of three gene fragments, the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), partial sequences of β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) confirmed this identification, and 20 representative isolates are presented in the phylogenetic study. Testing of Koch's postulates showed that M. phaseolina, when inoculated to stems and roots of the pistachio rootstocks using mycelial plugs or a microsclerotial suspension, is indeed pathogenic to this host. The widely used clonal University of California Berkeley I (UCBI) rootstock appeared highly susceptible to M. phaseolina, suggesting that this pathogen is an emerging threat to the production of pistachio in California. This study confirmed the association of M. phaseolina with the decline of pistachio trees and represents the first description of this fungus as a crown rot-causing agent of pistachio in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T. Nouri
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA;
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Daniel P. Lawrence
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Craig E. Kallsen
- University of California Cooperative Extension Kern County, Bakersfield, CA 93307, USA;
| | - Florent P. Trouillas
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA;
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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203
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Su X, Lu G, Li X, Rehman L, Liu W, Sun G, Guo H, Wang G, Cheng H. Host-Induced Gene Silencing of an Adenylate Kinase Gene Involved in Fungal Energy Metabolism Improves Plant Resistance to Verticillium dahliae. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E127. [PMID: 31940882 PMCID: PMC7023357 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the ascomycete fungus Verticillium dahliae (Vd), is a devastating disease of numerous plant species. However, the pathogenicity/virulence-related genes in this fungus, which may be potential targets for improving plant resistance, remain poorly elucidated. For the study of these genes in Vd, we used a well-established host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) approach and identified 16 candidate genes, including a putative adenylate kinase gene (VdAK). Transiently VdAK-silenced plants developed milder wilt symptoms than control plants did. VdAK-knockout mutants were more sensitive to abiotic stresses and had reduced germination and virulence on host plants. Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana plants that overexpressed VdAK dsRNAs had improved Vd resistance than the wild-type. RT-qPCR results showed that VdAK was also crucial for energy metabolism. Importantly, in an analysis of total small RNAs from Vd strains isolated from the transgenic plants, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting VdAK was identified in transgenic N. benthamiana. Our results demonstrate that HIGS is a promising strategy for efficiently screening pathogenicity/virulence-related genes of Vd and that VdAK is a potential target to control this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Latifur Rehman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23561, Pakistan
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
| | - Guoliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (X.S.); (G.L.); (X.L.); (L.R.); (G.S.); (H.G.)
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204
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Wang G, Xu J, Li L, Guo Z, Si Q, Zhu G, Wang X, Guo W. GbCYP86A1-1 from Gossypium barbadense positively regulates defence against Verticillium dahliae by cell wall modification and activation of immune pathways. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:222-238. [PMID: 31207065 PMCID: PMC6920168 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Suberin acts as stress-induced antipathogen barrier in the root cell wall. CYP86A1 encodes cytochrome P450 fatty acid ω-hydroxylase, which has been reported to be a key enzyme for suberin biosynthesis; however, its role in resistance to fungi and the mechanisms related to immune responses remain unknown. Here, we identified a disease resistance-related gene, GbCYP86A1-1, from Gossypium barbadense cv. Hai7124. There were three homologs of GbCYP86A1 in cotton, which are specifically expressed in roots and induced by Verticillium dahliae. Among them, GbCYP86A1-1 contributed the most significantly to resistance. Silencing of GbCYP86A1-1 in Hai7124 resulted in severely compromised resistance to V. dahliae, while heterologous overexpression of GbCYP86A1-1 in Arabidopsis improved tolerance. Tissue sections showed that the roots of GbCYP86A1-1 transgenic Arabidopsis had more suberin accumulation and significantly higher C16-C18 fatty acid content than control. Transcriptome analysis revealed that overexpression of GbCYP86A1-1 not only affected lipid biosynthesis in roots, but also activated the disease-resistant immune pathway; genes encoding the receptor-like kinases (RLKs), receptor-like proteins (RLPs), hormone-related transcription factors, and pathogenesis-related protein genes (PRs) were more highly expressed in the GbCYP86A1-1 transgenic line than control. Furthermore, we found that when comparing V. dahliae -inoculated and noninoculated plants, few differential genes related to disease immunity were detected in the GbCYP86A1-1 transgenic line; however, a large number of resistance genes were activated in the control. This study highlights the role of GbCYP86A1-1 in the defence against fungi and its underlying molecular immune mechanisms in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Lechen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Zhan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Qingxin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Guozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm EnhancementNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina
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205
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Zhang J, Hu HL, Wang XN, Yang YH, Zhang CJ, Zhu HQ, Shi L, Tang CM, Zhao MW. Dynamic infection of Verticillium dahliae in upland cotton. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:90-105. [PMID: 31419841 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, an infection caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is one of the most serious diseases in cotton. No effective control method against V. dahliae has been established, and the infection mechanism of V. dahliae in upland cotton remains unknown. GFP-tagged V. dahliae isolates with different pathogenic abilities were used to analyse the colonisation and infection of V. dahliae in the roots and leaves of different upland cotton cultivars, the relationships among infection processes, the immune responses and the resistance ability of different cultivars against V. dahliae. Here, we report a new infection model for V. dahliae in upland cotton plants. V. dahliae can colonise and infect any organ of upland cotton plants and then spread to the entire plant from the infected organ through the surface and interior of the organ. Vascular tissue was found to not be the sole transmission route of V. dahliae in cotton plants. In addition, the rate of infection of a V. dahliae isolate with strong pathogenicity was notably faster than that of an isolate with weak pathogenicity. The resistance of upland cotton to Verticillium wilt was related to the degree of the immune response induced in plants infected with V. dahliae. These results provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism underlying the interaction between V. dahliae and upland cotton. These results provide a theoretical basis for studying the mechanism underlying the interaction between V. dahliae and upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - H-L Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - X-N Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y-H Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - C-J Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - H-Q Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of CAAS, Anyang, Henan, China
| | - L Shi
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - C-M Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - M-W Zhao
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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206
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Xiong XP, Sun SC, Zhang XY, Li YJ, Liu F, Zhu QH, Xue F, Sun J. GhWRKY70D13 Regulates Resistance to Verticillium dahliae in Cotton Through the Ethylene and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:69. [PMID: 32158454 PMCID: PMC7052014 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a destructive cotton disease causing severe yield and quality losses worldwide. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant defense against pathogen infection. However, little has been reported on the functions of WRKYs in cotton's resistance to V. dahliae. Here, we identified 5, 5, and 10 WRKY70 genes in Gossypium arboreum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium hirsutum, respectively, and investigated the expression profiles of all GhWRKY70 genes in various cotton tissues and in response to hormone treatment or V. dahliae infection. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis showed that GhWRKY70D13 was expressed higher in roots and stems than in other tissues, and up-regulated after V. dahliae inoculation. Knock-down of GhWRKY70D13 improved resistance to V. dahliae in both resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars. Comparative analysis of transcriptomes generated from wild-type and stable RNAi (RNA interference) plant with down-regulated GhWRKY70D13 showed that genes involved in ethylene (ET) and jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling were significantly upregulated in the GhWRKY70D13 RNAi plants. Consistently, the contents of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC), JA, and JA-isoleucine levels were significantly higher in the GhWRKY70D13 RNAi plants than in wild-type. Following V. dahliae infection, the levels of ACC and JA decreased in the GhWRKY70D13 RNAi plants but still significantly higher (for ACC) than that in wild-type or at the same level (for JA) as in non-infected wild-type plants. Collectively, our results suggested that GhWRKY70D13 negatively regulates cotton's resistance to V. dahliae mainly through its effect on ET and JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Peng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shi-Chao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Fei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Xue, ; Jie Sun,
| | - Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Xue, ; Jie Sun,
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207
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Dhar N, Chen JY, Subbarao KV, Klosterman SJ. Hormone Signaling and Its Interplay With Development and Defense Responses in Verticillium-Plant Interactions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:584997. [PMID: 33250913 PMCID: PMC7672037 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.584997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Soilborne plant pathogenic species in the fungal genus Verticillium cause destructive Verticillium wilt disease on economically important crops worldwide. Since R gene-mediated resistance is only effective against race 1 of V. dahliae, fortification of plant basal resistance along with cultural practices are essential to combat Verticillium wilts. Plant hormones involved in cell signaling impact defense responses and development, an understanding of which may provide useful solutions incorporating aspects of basal defense. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of the interplay between plant hormones, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, auxin, and nitric oxide, and the defense responses and signaling pathways that contribute to resistance and susceptibility in Verticillium-host interactions. Though we make connections where possible to non-model systems, the emphasis is placed on Arabidopsis-V. dahliae and V. longisporum interactions since much of the research on this interplay is focused on these systems. An understanding of hormone signaling in Verticillium-host interactions will help to determine the molecular basis of Verticillium wilt progression in the host and potentially provide insight on alternative approaches for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, United States
- Nikhilesh Dhar,
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Steven J. Klosterman,
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208
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Xi H, Shen J, Qu Z, Yang D, Liu S, Nie X, Zhu L. Effects of Long-term Cotton Continuous Cropping on Soil Microbiome. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18297. [PMID: 31797982 PMCID: PMC6892916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a severe disease of cotton crops in Xinjiang and affecting yields and quality, due to the continuous cotton cropping in the past decades. The relationship between continuous cropping and the changes induced on soil microbiome remains unclear to date. In this study, the culture types of 15 isolates from Bole (5F), Kuitun (7F), and Shihezi (8F) of north Xinjiang were sclerotium type. Only isolates from field 5F belonged to nondefoliating pathotype, the others belonged to defoliating pathotype. The isolates showed pathogenicity differentiation in cotton. Fungal and bacterial communities in soils had some difference in alpha-diversity, relative abundance, structure and taxonomic composition, but microbial groups showed similarity in the same habitat, despite different sampling sites. The fungal phyla Ascomycota, and the bacterial phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were strongly enriched. Verticillium abundance was significantly and positively correlated with AN, but negatively correlated with soil OM, AK and pH. Moreover, Verticillium was correlated in abundances with 5 fungal and 6 bacterial genera. Overall, we demonstrate that soil microbiome communities have similar responses to long-term continuous cotton cropping, providing new insights into the effects of continuous cotton cropping on soil microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xi
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, P.R. China
| | - Jili Shen
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Dingyi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Nie
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, P.R. China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, P.R. China.
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209
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Yang J, Wang X, Xie M, Wang G, Li Z, Zhang Y, Wu L, Zhang G, Ma Z. Proteomic analyses on xylem sap provides insights into the defense response of Gossypium hirsutum against Verticillium dahliae. J Proteomics 2019; 213:103599. [PMID: 31809902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae seriously affects the yield of cotton. Here, V. dahliae infection induced the significant reduction of protein concentration in cotton xylem sap (CXS), suggesting that the protein composition have changed. Thus, the proteomics in CXS from resistant Gossypium hirsutum cv. ND601 and susceptible CCRI8 infected by V. dahliae were analyzed using the label-free method. A total of 3047 proteins were identified across all four CXS sample groups. 1717 and 1476 proteins were differentially accumulated in ND601 and CCRI8 after infection with V. dahliae, respectively. The majority of up-accumulated and induced proteins belongs to pathogenesis-related proteins and associates with cell wall (CWRPs). Down-accumulated and disappeared proteins were principally related to plant growth and development. Differentially accumulated CWRPs from ND601 and CCRI8 in type and quantity were not entirely consistent with each other, leading to different cell wall dynamics and strength, which were partly proved by the measurement of stem mechanical strength. Most of proteins related to growth and development were down-accumulated in ND601 compared to CCRI8, suggesting that the resistant variety may transfer more energy for defense responses or reduce nutrient acquisition of V. dahliae for colonization more effectively than the susceptible. SIGNIFICANCE: Verticillium wilt, mainly caused by V. dahliae, is one of the most destructive diseases in cotton. V. dahliae usually penetrates the root epidermis, reaches vascular tissues, and eventually extends to the above-ground tissues along the xylem vessels. Obviously, xylem is an important battlefront for plant defense to V. dahliae. Therefore, we analyzed the proteome profiles of xylem saps from resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between V. dahliae and cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xingfen Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Meixia Xie
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guoning Wang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Liqiang Wu
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guiyin Zhang
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China.
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210
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Yakti W, Kovács GM, Franken P. Differential interaction of the dark septate endophyte Cadophora sp. and fungal pathogens in vitro and in planta. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 95:fiz164. [PMID: 31609451 PMCID: PMC6864363 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) present a group of widespread root-colonizing fungi. The role of these endophytes in ecosystems and their interactions with plant pathogens are not well understood. In the current study, we assessed the antagonistic potential of the model DSE Cadophora sp. against the tomato soilborne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Verticillium dahliae. To investigate their interactions, we conducted in vitro assays followed by a greenhouse experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with different combinations of the DSE and pathogens. RNA accumulation of selected tomato pathogenesis-related genes and of Cadophora sp. genes with putative antifungal function was analyzed. Cadophora sp. inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogens in vitro and vice versa; a negative impact of the pathogens on the growth of the DSE was also detected. In roots, however, this mutual negative interaction could not be observed. Expression analyses of plant genes could not explain this differential effect, but among the Cadophora sp. genes analyzed, a gene coding for a chalcone synthase was downregulated in planta. The data indicate that plants can change the interaction between fungi and, therefore, in vitro detected antagonism does not necessarily reflect the situation inside the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Yakti
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1,14979 Großbeeren, Brandenburg, Germany and Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gábor M Kovács
- Department of Plant Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest 1022, Hungary
| | - Philipp Franken
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1,14979 Großbeeren, Brandenburg, Germany and Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology Department, Humboldt University of Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Erfurt Research Centre for Horticultural Crops, University of Applied Sciences, Kühnhäuser Straße 101, 99090 Erfurt, Thuringia, Germany
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211
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Li JJ, Zhou L, Yin CM, Zhang DD, Klosterman SJ, Wang BL, Song J, Wang D, Hu XP, Subbarao KV, Chen JY, Dai XF. The Verticillium dahliae Sho1-MAPK pathway regulates melanin biosynthesis and is required for cotton infection. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4852-4874. [PMID: 31667948 PMCID: PMC6916341 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a soil‐borne fungus that causes vascular wilt on numerous plants worldwide. The fungus survives in the soil for up to 14 years by producing melanized microsclerotia. The protective function of melanin in abiotic stresses is well documented. Here, we found that the V. dahliae tetraspan transmembrane protein VdSho1, a homolog of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sho1, acts as an osmosensor, and is required for plant penetration and melanin biosynthesis. The deletion mutant ΔSho1 was incubated on a cellophane membrane substrate that mimics the plant epidermis, revealing that the penetration of ΔSho1 strain was reduced compared to the wild‐type strain. Furthermore, VdSho1 regulates melanin biosynthesis by a signalling mechanism requiring a kinase‐kinase signalling module of Vst50‐Vst11‐Vst7. Strains, ΔVst50, ΔVst7 and ΔVst11 also displayed defective penetration and melanin production like the ΔSho1 strain. Defects in penetration and melanin production in ΔSho1 were restored by overexpression of Vst50, suggesting that Vst50 lies downstream of VdSho1 in the regulatory pathway governing penetration and melanin biosynthesis. Data analyses revealed that the transmembrane portion of VdSho1 was essential for both membrane penetration and melanin production. This study demonstrates that Vst50‐Vst11‐Vst7 module regulates VdSho1‐mediated plant penetration and melanin production in V. dahliae, contributing to virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, c/o United States Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, California, 93905, USA
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian Song
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Krishna V Subbarao
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, California, 93905, USA
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100193, China
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212
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Li J, Pei J, Liu Y, Xia W, Cheng F, Tian W, Lin Z, Zhu J, Wang A. Transcriptome sequencing of Verticillium dahliae from a cotton farm reveals positive correlation between virulence and tolerance of sugar-induced hyperosmosis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8035. [PMID: 31737452 PMCID: PMC6855202 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae causes disease symptoms in its host plants; however, due to its rapid variability, V. dahliae is difficult to control. To analyze the reason for this pathogenic differentiation, 22 V. dahliae strains with different virulence were isolated from a cotton farm. The genetic diversity of cotton varieties make cotton cultivars have different Verticillium wilt resistance, so the Xinluzao 7 (susceptible to V. dahliae), Zhongmian 35 (tolerant), and Xinluzao 33 (resistant) were used to investigate the pathogenicity of the strains in a green house. Vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) assays, Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) PCR, and pathogenicity analysis showed that SHZ-4, SHZ-5, and SHZ-9 had close kinship and significantly different pathogenicity. Transcriptome sequencing of the three strains identified 19 of 146 unigenes in SHZ-4_vs_ SHZ-5, SHZ-5_vs_ SHZ-9, and SHZ-4_vs_ SHZ-9. In these unigenes, three proteinase and four polysaccharide degrading hydrolases were found to be associated with the pathogenicity. However, due to a number of differentially expressed genes in the transport, these unigenes not only played a role in nutrition absorption but might also contribute to the resistance of sugar-induced hyperosmosis. Moreover, the tolerance ability was positively related to the pathogenicity of V. dahliae. This resistance to sugar-induced hyperosmosis might help V. dahliae to access the nutrition of the host. The pathogenicity of V. dahliae correlated with the resistance of sugar-induced-hyperosmosis, which provides clues for the cultivation of V. dahliae resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Juan Pei
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenwen Xia
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Fengfeng Cheng
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wenhui Tian
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhongping Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Aiying Wang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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213
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Zhang Y, Shi Y, Zhao L, Wei F, Feng Z, Feng H. Phosphoproteomics Profiling of Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) Roots in Response to Verticillium dahliae Inoculation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18434-18443. [PMID: 31720547 PMCID: PMC6844108 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a plant vascular disease causing severe yield and quality losses in many crops and is caused by the soil-borne plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the cotton-V. dahliae interaction, a time-course phosphoproteomic analysis of roots of susceptible and resistant cotton lines in response to V. dahliae was performed. In total, 1716 unique phosphoproteins were identified in the susceptible (S) and resistant (R) cotton lines. Of these, 359 phosphoproteins were significantly different in R1 (1 day after V. dahliae inoculation) vs R0 (mock) group and 287 phosphoproteins in R2 (3 days after V. dahliae inoculation) vs R0 group. Moreover, 263 proteins of V. dahliae-regulated phosphoproteins were significantly changed in S1 (1 day after V. dahliae inoculation) vs S0 (mock) group and 197 proteins in S2 (3 days after V. dahliae inoculation) vs S0 group. Thirty phosphoproteins were significantly changed and common to the resistant and susceptible cotton lines following inoculation with V. dahliae. Specifically, 92 phosphoproteins were shared in both in R1 vs R0 and R2 vs R0 but not in susceptible cotton lines. There were 38 common phosphoproteins shared in both S1 vs S0 and S2 vs S0 but not in resistant cotton lines. GO terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses displayed an abundance of known and novel phosphoproteins related to plant-pathogen interactions, signal transduction, and metabolic processes, which were correlated with resistance against fungal infection. These data provide new perspectives and inspiration for understanding molecular defense mechanisms of cotton roots against V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Zhang
- Zhengzhou
Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute
of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute
of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Zhengzhou
Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute
of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Zili Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute
of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
| | - Hongjie Feng
- Zhengzhou
Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute
of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000, China
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214
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Dung JKS, Knaus BJ, Fellows HLS, Grünwald NJ, Vining KJ. Genetic Diversity of Verticillium dahliae Isolates From Mint Detected with Genotyping by Sequencing. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1966-1974. [PMID: 31246137 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-12-18-0475-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is the most important disease threatening the commercial production of mint grown for essential oil. An important long-term goal for mint breeders is the production of cultivars with resistance to Verticillium wilt. Before that can be accomplished, a better understanding of the genetic variation within and among populations of Verticillium dahliae is needed. We characterized the extent of phenotypic and genetic diversity present in contemporary and archival populations of V. dahliae from mint fields in Oregon and other production regions of the United States using genotyping by sequencing, PCR assays for mating type and pathogenic race, vegetative compatibility group (VCG) tests, and aggressiveness assays. We report that the population in the Pacific Northwest can be described as one common genetic group and four relatively rare genetic groups. Eighty-three percent of the isolates belonged to VCG2B, and all isolates possessed the MAT1-2 idiomorph and were characterized as pathogenic race 2. These results indicate low levels of genetic diversity and a negligible risk of sexual recombination in populations of this host-adapted pathogen population. Knowledge of the genetic structure of V. dahliae in the Pacific Northwest will inform breeders about the diversity of pathogenicity factors that may need to be considered in their breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah K S Dung
- Central Oregon Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Madras, OR 97741
| | - Brian J Knaus
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Henry L S Fellows
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Niklaus J Grünwald
- Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Kelly J Vining
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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215
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One stop shop III: taxonomic update with molecular phylogeny for important phytopathogenic genera: 51–75 (2019). FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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216
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Svara A, Jakse J, Radisek S, Javornik B, Stajner N. Temporal and spatial assessment of defence responses in resistant and susceptible hop cultivars during infection with Verticillium nonalfalfae. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:153008. [PMID: 31326713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an important industrial plant providing ingredients for brewing and pharmaceutical industry worldwide. Its intensive production is challenged by numerous diseases. One of the most lethal and difficult to control is verticillium wilt, a vascular disease caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium nonalfalfae. The disease can be successfully controlled by the host resistance. Despite various studies that already researched resistance mechanisms of hops, only limited number of resistance genes and markers that could be utilized for efficient resistance breeding has been identified. In this study we aimed to follow fungus colonization pattern and the differential expression of selected genes during pre-symptomatic period of susceptible (Celeia) and resistant (Wye Target) hop cultivars. Results of gene expressions and fungal colonisation of compatible and incompatible interactions with V. nonalfalfae suggest that the hop plant is challenged already at the very early fungal colonisation stages. In total, nine out of 17 gene targets investigated in our study resulted in differential expression between inoculated and control plants of susceptible and resistant cultivars. The difference was the most evident in stems at an early stage of colonisation (6 dpi), showing relatively stronger changes in targeted gene expression to infection in the resistant cultivar than in the susceptible one. Analysed gene targets are involved in the overall defence response processes of nucleic acid binding, signalling, protein ubiquitination, cell oxidative burst, hydroxylation, peroxidation, alternative splicing, and metabolite biosynthesis. The up-regulation of some genes (e.g. glycine-rich RNA-binding family protein, protein phosphatase, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 40, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, class III peroxidase, putative MAPK2, peroxiredoxin-2F) upon infection in incompatible interactions might reflect defence activation, restriction of disease spreading throughout the plant and successful response of resistant genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Svara
- Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, W. De Croylaan 42, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - J Jakse
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - S Radisek
- Plant Protection Department, Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, Cesta Žalskega tabora 2, 3310 Žalec, Slovenia.
| | - B Javornik
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - N Stajner
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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217
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Li X, Su X, Lu G, Sun G, Zhang Z, Guo H, Guo N, Cheng H. VdOGDH is involved in energy metabolism and required for virulence of Verticillium dahliae. Curr Genet 2019; 66:345-359. [PMID: 31422448 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01025-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne fungus, can invade plant vascular tissue and cause Verticillium wilt. The enzyme α-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), catalyzing the oxidation of α-oxoglutarate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), is vital for energy metabolism in the fungi. Here, we identified the OGDH gene in V. dahliae (VdOGDH, VDAG_10018) and investigated its function in virulence by generating gene deletion mutants (ΔVdOGDH) and complementary mutants (ΔVdOGDH-C). When the ΔVdOGDH mutants were supplemented with different carbon sources, vegetative growth on Czapek Dox medium was significantly impaired, suggesting that VdOGDH is crucial for vegetative growth and carbon utilization. Conidia of the ΔVdOGDH mutants were atypically rounded or spherical, and hyphae were irregularly branched and lacked typical whorled branches. Mutants ΔVdOGDH-1 and ΔVdOGDH-2 were highly sensitive to H2O2 in the medium plates and had higher intracellular ROS levels. ΔVdOGDH mutants also had elevated expression of oxidative response-related genes, indicating that VdOGDH is involved in response to oxidative stress. In addition, the disruption of VdOGDH caused a significant increase in the expression of energy metabolism-related genes VdICL, VdICDH, VdMDH, and VdPDH and melanin-related genes Vayg1, VdSCD, VdLAC, VT4HR, and VaflM in the ΔVdOGDH mutants; thus, VdOGDH is also important for energy metabolism and melanin accumulation. Cotton plants inoculated with ΔVdOGDH mutants exhibited mild leaf chlorosis and the disease index was lower compared with wild type and ΔVdOGDH-C strains. These results together show that VdOGDH involved in energy metabolism of V. dahliae, is also essential for full virulence by regulating multiple fungal developmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.,Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoqing Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Hunan Plant Protection Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ning Guo
- School of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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218
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D'Orazio V, Stallone D, Samer S, Loffredo E, Cirulli M, Bruno GL. Phytotoxic metabolites produced by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. in olive wilting: a chemical and spectroscopic approach for their molecular characterisation. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1991-2001. [PMID: 31411049 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1652284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Most of the symptoms associated with Verticillium wilt disease in olive cultivation are due to complexes excreted by Verticillium dahliae. In this study chemical and physico-chemical techniques were combined to investigate how the molecular structure of phytotoxins isolated from two pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae, defoliating, D, and non-defoliating, ND, grown on two different media, Verticillium-dahliae-Medium (VdM) and Simulated Xylem-fluid-Medium (SXM), can affect their aggressiveness. Data obtained highlight important structural differences, both in term of elemental composition and in functional groups distribution. Such peculiarities strongly affect their solubility, resulted higher for the phytotoxins from D pathotype. This property likely induces serious modifications of the conformational state of the proteinaceous component, making tyrosine residues accessible to the phosphate ion. A phosphorylation mechanism would thus be promoted, that is going to interfere with the function of the involved proteins in intracellular signalling networks, likely by altering its role in modulating the plant's response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria D'Orazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti - Di.S.S.P.A, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Stallone
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti - Di.S.S.P.A, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sermani Samer
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti - Di.S.S.P.A, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Loffredo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti - Di.S.S.P.A, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo Cirulli
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti - Di.S.S.P.A, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luigi Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti - Di.S.S.P.A, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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219
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Depotter JRL, Shi‐Kunne X, Missonnier H, Liu T, Faino L, van den Berg GCM, Wood TA, Zhang B, Jacques A, Seidl MF, Thomma BPHJ. Dynamic virulence-related regions of the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae display enhanced sequence conservation. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3482-3495. [PMID: 31282048 PMCID: PMC6771948 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens continuously evolve to evade host immune responses. During host colonization, many fungal pathogens secrete effectors to perturb such responses, but these in turn may become recognized by host immune receptors. To facilitate the evolution of effector repertoires, such as the elimination of recognized effectors, effector genes often reside in genomic regions that display increased plasticity, a phenomenon that is captured in the two-speed genome hypothesis. The genome of the vascular wilt fungus Verticillium dahliae displays regions with extensive presence/absence polymorphisms, so-called lineage-specific regions, that are enriched in in planta-induced putative effector genes. As expected, comparative genomics reveals differential degrees of sequence divergence between lineage-specific regions and the core genome. Unanticipated, lineage-specific regions display markedly higher sequence conservation in coding as well as noncoding regions than the core genome. We provide evidence that disqualifies horizontal transfer to explain the observed sequence conservation and conclude that sequence divergence occurs at a slower pace in lineage-specific regions of the V. dahliae genome. We hypothesize that differences in chromatin organisation may explain lower nucleotide substitution rates in the plastic, lineage-specific regions of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper R. L. Depotter
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Department of Crops and AgronomyNational Institute of Agricultural BotanyCambridgeUK
- Present address:
Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS)University of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Xiaoqian Shi‐Kunne
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hélène Missonnier
- Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse – Ecole d'Ingénieurs de PurpanUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Tingli Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Luigi Faino
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Environmental BiologyUniversity La SapienzaRomeItaly
| | | | - Thomas A. Wood
- Department of Crops and AgronomyNational Institute of Agricultural BotanyCambridgeUK
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of AgrobiologyJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Alban Jacques
- Département des Sciences Agronomiques et Agroalimentaires, Equipe Agrophysiologie et Agromolécules, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse – Ecole d'Ingénieurs de PurpanUniversité de ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Michael F. Seidl
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Biology, Theoretical Biology & BioinformaticsUtrecht UniversityCH UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Bart P. H. J. Thomma
- Laboratory of PhytopathologyWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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220
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Pouzoulet J, Scudiero E, Schiavon M, Santiago LS, Rolshausen PE. Modeling of xylem vessel occlusion in grapevine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1438-1445. [PMID: 30938422 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Morphological traits of the plant vascular system such as xylem vessel diameter have been implicated in many physiological processes including resistance to drought-induced xylem cavitation and vessel occlusion during infection with vascular wilt diseases. In both events, xylem vessels lose function because they become filled with air or tyloses and gels. Xylem cavitation has been well studied, whereas vessel occlusion remains purely descriptive even though it is a critical response to wounding injuries and compartmentalization of vascular pathogens. The timing of vessel occlusion is a key determinant to a successful compartmentalization of pathogens within the plant vascular system and we hypothesized that xylem vessel diameter is the driving variable. Using a dye injection method coupled with automated image analysis, we parameterized a model to investigate how xylem vessel diameter affects the speed of vessel occlusion in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon in response to wounding. Our dataset contains observations from 6,646 vessels at five kinetic points following stem pruning, over a time course of 1 week. Using this approach we provide evidence that the diameter of vessels is a key determinant of the timing of their occlusion. We discuss how these findings impact resistance to vascular wilt diseases in perennial woody hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Pouzoulet
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Elia Scudiero
- USDA-ARS, US Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Marco Schiavon
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Louis S Santiago
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
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Wu L, Du G, Bao R, Li Z, Gong Y, Liu F. De novo assembly and discovery of genes involved in the response of Solanum sisymbriifolium to Verticillium dahlia. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 25:1009-1027. [PMID: 31402823 PMCID: PMC6656901 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00666-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a devastating disease of eggplant (Solanum spp.) and causes substantial losses worldwide. Although some genes or biological processes involved in the interaction between eggplant and V. dahliae have been identified in some studies, the underlying molecular mechanism is not yet clear. Here, we monitored the transcriptomic profiles of the roots of resistant S. sisymbriifolium plants challenged with V. dahliae. Based on the measurements of physiological indexes (T-SOD, POD and SSs), three time points were selected and subsequently divided into two stages (S_12 h vs. S_0 h and S_48 h vs. S_12 h). KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed several genes putatively involved in regulating plant-V. dahliae interactions, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes (MEKK1 and MAP2K1), WRKY genes (WRKY22 and WRKY33) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CYP73A/C4H, CYP98A/C3'H and CYP84A/F5H). In addition, a subset of genes that play an important role in activating V. dahliae defence responses, including Ve genes as well as genes encoding PR proteins and TFs, were screened and are discussed. These results will help to identify key resistance genes and will contribute to a further understanding of molecular mechanisms of the S. sisymbriifolium resistance response to V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Wu
- Plant Improvement and Utilization Lab, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan China
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Guanghui Du
- Plant Improvement and Utilization Lab, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan China
| | - Rui Bao
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Yaju Gong
- Horticultural Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205 Yunnan China
| | - Feihu Liu
- Plant Improvement and Utilization Lab, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan China
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222
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Xu S, Christensen MJ, Creamer R, Li YZ. Identification, Characterization, Pathogenicity, and Distribution of Verticillium alfalfae in Alfalfa Plants in China. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:1565-1576. [PMID: 31033401 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-18-1272-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium alfalfae results in severe production losses in alfalfa crops and is a Class A quarantined disease in China. During 2015 to 2017, 365 alfalfa fields from 21 locations in six provinces were surveyed, and 45 fields from three closely located sites in Gansu, China were found to have alfalfa plants with symptoms typical of Verticillium wilt, with disease incidence of 12.6 to 53.6%. Isolates were identified to species using morphological characteristics and a maximum likelihood phylogeny of the concatenated partial sequences of actin, elongation factor, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and tryptophan synthase gene regions of Verticillium isolates. Isolation incidence was 93.9% from roots, 71.7% from stems, 66.1% from petioles, and 32.2% from leaves of field-infected plants, indicative of systemic disease and sporadic distribution of this pathogen. In greenhouse tests, the pathogen infected seedlings and colonized vascular tissues when inoculated on seeds, on root tips, in soil, or in injured, but not uninjured, aerial tissues, causing systemic symptoms like those in the field and significant losses. Pathogenicity testing also revealed that five locally grown perennial legumes (stylo, milkvetch, sainfoin, white clover, and red clover) could host V. alfalfae, with a high virulence to milkvetch, sainfoin, and stylo. This study confirmed that V. alfalfae has become established in some regions of Gansu, China and that is a risk to the alfalfa industry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, 730020 Lanzhou, China
| | | | - Rebecca Creamer
- 3 Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, U.S.A
| | - Yan Zhong Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, 730020 Lanzhou, China
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223
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Volatiles of pathogenic and non-pathogenic soil-borne fungi affect plant development and resistance to insects. Oecologia 2019; 190:589-604. [PMID: 31201518 PMCID: PMC6647456 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plants are ubiquitously exposed to a wide diversity of (micro)organisms, including mutualists and antagonists. Prior to direct contact, plants can perceive microbial organic and inorganic volatile compounds (hereafter: volatiles) from a distance that, in turn, may affect plant development and resistance. To date, however, the specificity of plant responses to volatiles emitted by pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi and the ecological consequences of such responses remain largely elusive. We investigated whether Arabidopsis thaliana plants can differentiate between volatiles of pathogenic and non-pathogenic soil-borne fungi. We profiled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and measured CO2 emission of 11 fungi. We assessed the main effects of fungal volatiles on plant development and insect resistance. Despite distinct differences in VOC profiles between the pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi, plants did not discriminate, based on plant phenotypic responses, between pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. Overall, plant growth was promoted and flowering was accelerated upon exposure to fungal volatiles, irrespectively of fungal CO2 emission levels. In addition, plants became significantly more susceptible to a generalist insect leaf-chewing herbivore upon exposure to the volatiles of some of the fungi, demonstrating that a prior fungal volatile exposure can negatively affect plant resistance. These data indicate that plant development and resistance can be modulated in response to exposure to fungal volatiles.
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224
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Small RNA Functions as a Trafficking Effector in Plant Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112816. [PMID: 31181829 PMCID: PMC6600683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs represent a class of small but powerful agents that regulate development and abiotic and biotic stress responses during plant adaptation to a constantly challenging environment. Previous findings have revealed the important roles of small RNAs in diverse cellular processes. The recent discovery of bidirectional trafficking of small RNAs between different kingdoms has raised many interesting questions. The subsequent demonstration of exosome-mediated small RNA export provided a possible tool for further investigating how plants use small RNAs as a weapon during the arms race between plant hosts and pathogens. This review will focus on discussing the roles of small RNAs in plant immunity in terms of three aspects: the biogenesis of extracellular small RNAs and the transportation and trafficking small RNA-mediated gene silencing in pathogens.
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225
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Xiong X, Sun S, Li Y, Zhang X, Sun J, Xue F. The cotton WRKY transcription factor GhWRKY70 negatively regulates the defense response against Verticillium dahliae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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226
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Tsolakidou MD, Pantelides LS, Tzima AK, Kang S, Paplomatas EJ, Tsaltas D. Disruption and Overexpression of the Gene Encoding ACC (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid) Deaminase in Soil-Borne Fungal Pathogen Verticillium dahliae Revealed the Role of ACC as a Potential Regulator of Virulence and Plant Defense. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:639-653. [PMID: 30520678 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-18-0203-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
It has been suggested that some microorganisms, including plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, manipulate the level of ethylene in plants by degrading 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), an ethylene precursor, into α-ketobutyrate and ammonia, using ACC deaminase (ACCd). Here, we investigated whether ACCd of Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of many important crops, is involved in causing vascular wilt disease. Overexpression of the V. dahliae gene encoding this enzyme, labeled as ACCd, significantly increased virulence in both tomato and eggplant, while disruption of ACCd reduced virulence. Both types of mutant produced more ethylene than a wild-type (70V-WT) strain, although they significantly differed in ACC content. Overexpression strains lowered ACC levels in the roots of infected plants, while the amount of ACC in the roots of plants infected with deletion mutants increased. To test the hypothesis that ACC acts as a signal for controlling defense, roots of WT and Never-ripe (Nr) tomato plants were treated with ACC before V. dahliae inoculation. Plants pretreated with ACC displayed less severe symptoms than untreated controls. Collectively, our results suggest a novel role of ACC as a regulator of both plant defense and pathogen virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou
- 1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Lakovos S Pantelides
- 1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Aliki K Tzima
- 2 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Seogchan Kang
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Epaminondas J Paplomatas
- 2 Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855, Athens, Greece; and
| | - Dimitris Tsaltas
- 1 Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
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227
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Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yang J, Kang L, EloRM AM, Zhou H, Zhao J. The α-1,6-mannosyltransferase VdOCH1 plays a major role in microsclerotium formation and virulence in the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae. Fungal Biol 2019; 123:539-546. [PMID: 31196523 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sunflower yellow wilt is a widespread and destructive disease caused by the soil-borne pathogen Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae). To better understand the pathogenesis mechanism of V. dahliae in sunflower, T-DNA insertion library was generated via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation system (ATMT). Eight hundred positive transformants were obtained. Transformants varied in colony morphology, growth rate, conidia production and pathogenicity in sunflower compared to the wild type strain. A mutant, named VdGn3-L2, was chosen for further analysis based on its deprivation on microsclerotia formation. The flanking sequence of T-DNA insertion site of VdGn3-L2 was identified via hiTAIL-PCR, and the interrupted gene encoded an initiation-specific α-1, 6-mannosyltransferase, named as VdOCH1. The deletion mutant ΔVdOCH1 was impaired in certain characteristics such as fungal growth, conidia production, and microsclerotia formation. Also, ΔVdOCH1 mutants were more sensitive to the cell wall perturbing reagents, such as SDS and Congo red, lost their penetration ability through cellophane membrane, and exhibited dramatically decreased pathogenicity to sunflower. The impaired phenotypes could be restored to the wild type level by complementation of the deletion mutant with full-length VdOCH1 gene. In conclusion, VdOCH1, encoded α-1,6-mannosyltransferase, manipulating the biological characteristics, microsclerotia formation and pathogenic ability of V. dahliae in sunflower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liru Kang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Addrah Mandela EloRM
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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228
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Pei Y, Li X, Zhu Y, Ge X, Sun Y, Liu N, Jia Y, Li F, Hou Y. GhABP19, a Novel Germin-Like Protein From Gossypium hirsutum, Plays an Important Role in the Regulation of Resistance to Verticillium and Fusarium Wilt Pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:583. [PMID: 31134119 PMCID: PMC6517559 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Germin-like proteins (GLPs) are water-soluble plant glycoproteins belonging to the cupin superfamily. The important role of GLPs in plant responses against various abiotic and biotic stresses, especially pathogens, is well validated. However, little is known about cotton GLPs in relation to fungal pathogens. Here, a novel GLP gene was isolated from Gossypium hirsutum and designated as GhABP19. The expression of GhABP19 was upregulated in cotton plants inoculated with Verticillium dahliae and Fusarium oxysporum and in response to treatment with jasmonic acid (JA) but was suppressed in response to salicylic acid treatment. A relatively small transient increase in GhABP19 was seen in H2O2 treated samples. The three-dimensional structure prediction of the GhABP19 protein indicated that the protein has three histidine and one glutamate residues responsible for metal ion binding and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Purified recombinant GhABP19 exhibits SOD activity and could inhibit growth of V. dahliae, F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Valsa mali in vitro. To further verify the role of GhABP19 in fungal resistance, GhABP19-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants and GhABP19-silenced cotton plants were developed. GhABP19-transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed much stronger resistance to V. dahliae and F. oxysporum infection than control (empty vector) plants did. On the contrary, silencing of GhABP19 in cotton conferred enhanced susceptibility to fungal pathogens, which resulted in necrosis and wilt on leaves and vascular discoloration in GhABP19-silenced cotton plants. The H2O2 content and endogenous SOD activity were affected by GhABP19 expression levels in Arabidopsis and cotton plants after inoculation with V. dahliae and F. oxysporum, respectively. Furthermore, GhABP19 overexpression or silencing resulted in activation or suppression of JA-mediated signaling, respectively. Thus, GhABP19 plays important roles in the regulation of resistance to verticillium and fusarium wilt in plants. These modulatory roles were exerted by its SOD activity and ability to activate the JA pathway. All results suggest that GhABP19 was involved in plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Pei
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiancai Li
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yutao Zhu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yun Sun
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Nana Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujiao Jia
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuxia Hou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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229
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Transcriptome analysis reveals downregulation of virulence-associated genes expression in a low virulence Verticillium dahliae strain. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:927-941. [PMID: 31020345 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae causes wilt diseases and early senescence in numerous plants, including agricultural crops such as cotton. In this study, we studied two closely related V. dahliae strains, and found that V991w showed significantly reduced virulence on cotton than V991b. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed various differentially expressed genes between the two strains, with more genes repressed in V991w. The downregulated genes in V991w were involved in production of hydrophobins, melanin, predicted aflatoxin, and membrane proteins, most of which are related to pathogenesis and multidrug resistance. Consistently, melanin production in V991w in vitro was compromised. We next obtained genomic variations between the two strains, demonstrating that transcription factor genes containing fungi specific transcription factor domain and fungal Zn2-Cys6 binuclear cluster domain were enriched in V991w, which might be related to pathogenicity-related genes downregulation. Thus, this study supports a model in which some virulence factors involved in V. dahliae pathogenicity were pre-expressed during in vitro growth before host interaction.
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230
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Shi-Kunne X, Jové RDP, Depotter JRL, Ebert MK, Seidl MF, Thomma BPHJ. In silico prediction and characterisation of secondary metabolite clusters in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5475643. [PMID: 31004487 PMCID: PMC6502550 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi are renowned producers of natural compounds, also known as secondary metabolites (SMs) that display a wide array of biological activities. Typically, the genes that are involved in the biosynthesis of SMs are located in close proximity to each other in so-called secondary metabolite clusters. Many plant-pathogenic fungi secrete SMs during infection in order to promote disease establishment, for instance as cytocoxic compounds. Verticillium dahliae is a notorious plant pathogen that can infect over 200 host plants worldwide. However, the SM repertoire of this vascular pathogen remains mostly uncharted. To unravel the potential of V. dahliae to produce SMs, we performed in silico predictions and in-depth analyses of its secondary metabolite clusters. Using distinctive traits of gene clusters and the conserved signatures of core genes 25 potential SM gene clusters were identified. Subsequently, phylogenetic and comparative genomics analyses were performed, revealing that two putative siderophores, ferricrocin and TAFC, DHN-melanin and fujikurin may belong to the SM repertoire of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roger de Pedro Jové
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper R L Depotter
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands,Department of Crops and Agronomy, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, CB3 0LE Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Malaika K Ebert
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart P H J Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. Tel: 0031-317-484536; Fax: 0031-317-483412; E-mail:
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231
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Besbes F, Habegger R, Schwab W. Induction of PR-10 genes and metabolites in strawberry plants in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:128. [PMID: 30953454 PMCID: PMC6451215 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1718-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soil-borne vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae causes severe wilt symptoms in a wide range of plants including strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa). To enhance our understanding of the effects of V. dahliae on the growth and development of F. × ananassa, the expression patterns of 21 PR-10 genes were investigated by qPCR analysis and metabolite changes were determined by LC-MS in in vitro F. × ananassa plants upon pathogen infection. RESULTS The expression patterns of the 21 isoforms showed a wide range of responses. Four PR-10 genes were highly induced in leaves upon pathogen infection while eight members were significantly up-regulated in roots. A simultaneously induced expression in leaves and roots was detected for five PR-10 genes. Interestingly, two isoforms were expressed upon infection in all three tissues (leaves, roots and stems) while no induction was detected for two other members. Accumulation of antifungal catechin and epicatechin was detected upon pathogen infection in roots and stems at late stages, while caffeic acid and citric acid were observed only in infected roots. Production of abscisic acid, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellic acid and indole acetic acid (IAA) was induced in infected leaves and stems at early stages. IAA and JA were the sole hormones to be ascertained in infected roots at late stages. CONCLUSIONS The induction of several PR-10 genes upon infection of strawberry plants with V. dahliae suggest a role of PR-10 genes in the defense response against this pathogen. Production of phytohormones in the early stages of infection and antifungal metabolites in late stages suppose that they are implicated in this response. The results may possibly improve the control measures of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Besbes
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ruth Habegger
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
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232
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Zhang D, Wang J, Wang D, Kong Z, Zhou L, Zhang G, Gui Y, Li J, Huang J, Wang B, Liu C, Yin C, Li R, Li T, Wang J, Short DPG, Klosterman SJ, Bostock RM, Subbarao KV, Chen J, Dai X. Population genomics demystifies the defoliation phenotype in the plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1012-1029. [PMID: 30609067 PMCID: PMC6594092 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a broad host-range pathogen that causes vascular wilts in plants. Interactions between three hosts and specific V. dahliae genotypes result in severe defoliation. The underlying mechanisms of defoliation are unresolved. Genome resequencing, gene deletion and complementation, gene expression analysis, sequence divergence, defoliating phenotype identification, virulence analysis, and quantification of V. dahliae secondary metabolites were performed. Population genomics previously revealed that G-LSR2 was horizontally transferred from the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum to V. dahliae and is exclusively found in the genomes of defoliating (D) strains. Deletion of seven genes within G-LSR2, designated as VdDf genes, produced the nondefoliation phenotype on cotton, olive, and okra but complementation of two genes restored the defoliation phenotype. Genes VdDf5 and VdDf6 associated with defoliation shared homology with polyketide synthases involved in secondary metabolism, whereas VdDf7 shared homology with proteins involved in the biosynthesis of N-lauroylethanolamine (N-acylethanolamine (NAE) 12:0), a compound that induces defoliation. NAE overbiosynthesis by D strains also appears to disrupt NAE metabolism in cotton by inducing overexpression of fatty acid amide hydrolase. The VdDfs modulate the synthesis and overproduction of secondary metabolites, such as NAE 12:0, that cause defoliation either by altering abscisic acid sensitivity, hormone disruption, or sensitivity to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan‐Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Jie Wang
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Zhi‐Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | | | - Yue‐Jing Gui
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Jun‐Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | | | - Bao‐Li Wang
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Chun Liu
- GenomicsBGI‐ShenzhenShenzhen518083China
| | - Chun‐Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Rui‐Xing Li
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Ting‐Gang Li
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Jin‐Long Wang
- Department of BiologyDuke UniversityDurhamNC27708USA
| | - Dylan P. G. Short
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California, Davisc/o US Agricultural Research StationSalinasCA93905USA
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- United States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceCrop Improvement and Protection Research UnitSalinasCA93905USA
| | | | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of California, Davisc/o US Agricultural Research StationSalinasCA93905USA
| | - Jie‐Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Crop Verticillium WiltInstitute of Food Science and TechnologyChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing100193China
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233
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Jiménez-Ruiz J, Leyva-Pérez MDLO, Gómez-Lama Cabanás C, Barroso JB, Luque F, Mercado-Blanco J. The Transcriptome of Verticillium dahliae Responds Differentially Depending on the Disease Susceptibility Level of the Olive ( Olea europaea L.) Cultivar. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040251. [PMID: 30934761 PMCID: PMC6523120 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among biotic constraints affecting olive trees cultivation worldwide, the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae is considered one of the most serious threats. Olive cultivars display differential susceptibility to the disease, but our knowledge on the pathogen’s responses when infecting varieties differing in susceptibility is scarce. A comparative transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted in olive cultivars Picual (susceptible) and Frantoio (tolerant). RNA samples originated from roots during the first two weeks after inoculation with V. dahliae defoliating (D) pathotype. Verticillium dahliae mRNA amount was overwhelmingly higher in roots of the susceptible cultivar, indicating that proliferation of pathogen biomass is favored in ‘Picual’. A significant larger number of V. dahliae unigenes (11 fold) were only induced in this cultivar. Seven clusters of differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified according to time-course expression patterns. Unigenes potentially coding for niche-adaptation, pathogenicity, virulence and microsclerotia development were induced in ‘Picual’, while in ‘Frantoio’ expression remained negligible or null. Verticillium dahliae D pathotype transcriptome responses are qualitatively and quantitatively different, and depend on cultivar susceptibility level. The much larger V. dahliae biomass found in ‘Picual’ roots is a consequence of both host and pathogen DEG explaining, to a large extent, the higher aggressiveness exerted over this cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Jiménez-Ruiz
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - María de la O Leyva-Pérez
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Carmen Gómez-Lama Cabanás
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus 'Alameda del Obispo', Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Francisco Luque
- Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
| | - Jesús Mercado-Blanco
- Department of Crop Protection, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Campus 'Alameda del Obispo', Avenida Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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234
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Malarczyk D, Panek J, Frąc M. Alternative Molecular-Based Diagnostic Methods of Plant Pathogenic Fungi Affecting Berry Crops-A Review. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071200. [PMID: 30934757 PMCID: PMC6479758 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing consumer awareness of potentially harmful pesticides used in conventional agriculture has prompted organic farming to become notably more prevalent in recent decades. Central European countries are some of the most important producers of blueberries, raspberries and strawberries in the world and organic cultivation methods for these fruits have a significant market share. Fungal pathogens are considered to be the most significant threat to organic crops of berries, causing serious economic losses and reducing yields. In order to ameliorate the harmful effects of pathogenic fungi on cultivations, the application of rapid and effective identification methods is essential. At present, various molecular methods are applied for fungal species recognition, such as PCR, qPCR, LAMP and NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Malarczyk
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Panek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Frąc
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
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235
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Li L, Zhu T, Song Y, Luo X, Feng L, Zhuo F, Li F, Ren M. Functional Characterization of Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Verticillium dahliae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:501. [PMID: 30918504 PMCID: PMC6424901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 200 plants have been suffering from Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) across the world. The target of rapamycin (TOR) is a lethal gene and controls cell growth and development in various eukaryotes, but little is known about TOR signaling in V. dahliae. Here, we found that V. dahliae strain is hypersensitive to rapamycin in the presence of rapamycin binding protein VdFKBP12 while the deletion mutant aaavdfkbp12 is insensitive to rapamycin. Heterologous expressing VdFKBP12 in Arabidopsis conferred rapamycin sensitivity, indicating that VdFKBP12 can bridge the interaction between rapamycin and TOR across species. The key across species of TOR complex 1 (TORC1) and TORC2 have been identified in V. dahliae, suggesting that TOR signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotic species. Furthermore, the RNA-seq analysis showed that ribosomal biogenesis, RNA polymerase II transcription factors and many metabolic processes were significantly suppressed in rapamycin treated cells of V. dahliae. Importantly, transcript levels of genes associated with cell wall degrading enzymes (CWEDs) were dramatically down-regulated in TOR-inhibited cells. Further infection assay showed that the pathogenicity of V. dahliae and occurrence of Verticillium wilt can be blocked in the presence of rapamycin. These observations suggested that VdTOR is a key target of V. dahliae for controlling and preventing Verticillium wilt in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Song
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiumei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengping Zhuo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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236
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Use of RGB Vegetation Indexes in Assessing Early Effects of Verticillium Wilt of Olive in Asymptomatic Plants in High and Low Fertility Scenarios. REMOTE SENSING 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/rs11060607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Verticillium Wilt of Olive, a disease caused by the hemibiotrophic vascular fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. presents one of the most important constraints to olive production in the world, with an especially notable impact in Mediterranean agriculture. This study evaluates the use of RGB vegetation indexes in assessing the effects of this disease during the biotrophic phase of host-pathogen interaction, in which symptoms of wilt are not yet evident. While no differences were detected by measuring stomatal conductance and chlorophyll fluorescence, results obtained from RGB indexes showed significant differences between control and inoculated plants for indexes Saturation, a*, b*, green Area (GA), normalized green-red difference index (NGRDI) and triangular greenness index (TGI), presenting a reduction in plant growth as well as in green and yellow color components as an effect of inoculation. These results were contrasted across two scenarios of mineral fertilization in soil and soil amended with two different olive mill waste composts, presenting a clear interaction between the host-pathogen relationship and plant nutrition and suggesting the effect of V. dahliae infection during the biotrophic phase was not related to plant water status.
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237
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Meents AK, Furch ACU, Almeida-Trapp M, Özyürek S, Scholz SS, Kirbis A, Lenser T, Theißen G, Grabe V, Hansson B, Mithöfer A, Oelmüller R. Beneficial and Pathogenic Arabidopsis Root-Interacting Fungi Differently Affect Auxin Levels and Responsive Genes During Early Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:380. [PMID: 30915043 PMCID: PMC6422953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is an important phytohormone involved in root growth and development. Root-interacting beneficial and pathogenic fungi utilize auxin and its target genes to manipulate the performance of their hosts for their own needs. In order to follow and visualize auxin effects in fungi-colonized Arabidopsis roots, we used the dual auxin reporter construct DR5::EGFP-DR5v2::tdTomato and fluorescence microscopy as well as LC-MS-based phytohormone analyses. We demonstrate that the beneficial endophytic fungi Piriformospora indica and Mortierella hyalina produce and accumulate IAA in their mycelia, in contrast to the phytopathogenic biotrophic fungus Verticillium dahliae and the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. Within 3 h after exposure of Arabidopsis roots to the pathogens, the signals of the auxin-responsive reporter genes disappeared. When exposed to P. indica, significantly higher auxin levels and stimulated expression of auxin-responsive reporter genes were detected both in lateral root primordia and the root elongation zone within 1 day. Elevated auxin levels were also present in the M. hyalina/Arabidopsis root interaction, but no downstream effects on auxin-responsive reporter genes were observed. However, the jasmonate level was strongly increased in the colonized roots. We propose that the lack of stimulated root growth upon infection with M. hyalina is not caused by the absence of auxin, but an inhibitory effect mediated by high jasmonate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja K Meents
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexandra C U Furch
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Marília Almeida-Trapp
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sedef Özyürek
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sandra S Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Kirbis
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Lenser
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Theißen
- Department of Genetics, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Veit Grabe
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Bill Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.,Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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238
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Sun L, Qin J, Rong W, Ni H, Guo HS, Zhang J. Cellophane surface-induced gene, VdCSIN1, regulates hyphopodium formation and pathogenesis via cAMP-mediated signalling in Verticillium dahliae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:323-333. [PMID: 30341832 PMCID: PMC6637875 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The soil-borne vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae infects many dicotyledonous plants to cause devastating wilt diseases. During colonization, V. dahliae spores develop hyphae surrounding the roots. Only a few hyphae that adhere tightly to the root surface form hyphopodia at the infection site, which further differentiate into penetration pegs to facilitate infection. The molecular mechanisms controlling hyphopodium formation in V. dahliae remain unclear. Here, we uncovered a cellophane surface-induced gene (VdCSIN1) as a regulator of V. dahliae hyphopodium formation and pathogenesis. Deletion of VdCSIN1 compromises hyphopodium formation, hyphal development and pathogenesis. Exogenous application of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) degradation inhibitor or disruption of the cAMP phosphodiesterase gene (VdPDEH) partially restores hyphopodium formation in the VdΔcsin1 mutant. Moreover, deletion of VdPDEH partially restores the pathogenesis of the VdΔcsin1 mutant. These findings indicate that VdCSIN1 regulates hyphopodium formation via cAMP-mediated signalling to promote host colonization by V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wei Rong
- College of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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239
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Bui TT, Harting R, Braus-Stromeyer SA, Tran VT, Leonard M, Höfer A, Abelmann A, Bakti F, Valerius O, Schlüter R, Stanley CE, Ambrósio A, Braus GH. Verticillium dahliae transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 control microsclerotia formation and sequential steps of plant root penetration and colonisation to induce disease. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:2138-2159. [PMID: 30290010 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae nuclear transcription factors Som1 and Vta3 can rescue adhesion in a FLO8-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Som1 and Vta3 induce the expression of the yeast FLO1 and FLO11 genes encoding adhesins. Som1 and Vta3 are sequentially required for root penetration and colonisation of the plant host by V. dahliae. The SOM1 and VTA3 genes were deleted and their functions in fungus-induced plant pathogenesis were studied using genetic, cell biology, proteomic and plant pathogenicity experiments. Som1 supports fungal adhesion and root penetration and is required earlier than Vta3 in the colonisation of plant root surfaces and tomato plant infection. Som1 controls septa positioning and the size of vacuoles, and subsequently hyphal development including aerial hyphae formation and normal hyphal branching. Som1 and Vta3 control conidiation, microsclerotia formation, and antagonise in oxidative stress responses. The molecular function of Som1 is conserved between the plant pathogen V. dahliae and the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Som1 controls genes for initial steps of plant root penetration, adhesion, oxidative stress response and VTA3 expression to allow subsequent root colonisation. Both Som1 and Vta3 regulate developmental genetic networks required for conidiation, microsclerotia formation and pathogenicity of V. dahliae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tri-Thuc Bui
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rebekka Harting
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Susanna A Braus-Stromeyer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Van-Tuan Tran
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Miriam Leonard
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Annalena Höfer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anja Abelmann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Bakti
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Claire E Stanley
- Plant-Soil Interactions, Agroecology and Environment Research Division, Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alinne Ambrósio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen and Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany
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240
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Shi-Kunne X, van Kooten M, Depotter JRL, Thomma BPHJ, Seidl MF. The Genome of the Fungal Pathogen Verticillium dahliae Reveals Extensive Bacterial to Fungal Gene Transfer. Genome Biol Evol 2019; 11:855-868. [PMID: 30799497 PMCID: PMC6430987 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) involves the transmission of genetic material between distinct evolutionary lineages and can be an important source of biological innovation. Reports of interkingdom HGT to eukaryotic microbial pathogens have accumulated over recent years. Verticillium dahliae is a notorious plant pathogen that causes vascular wilt disease on hundreds of plant species, resulting in high economic losses every year. Previously, the effector gene Ave1 and a glucosyltransferase-encoding gene were identified as virulence factor-encoding genes that were proposed to be horizontally acquired from a plant and a bacterial donor, respectively. However, to what extent HGT contributed to the overall genome composition of V. dahliae remained elusive. Here, we systematically searched for evidence of interkingdom HGT events in the genome of V. dahliae and provide evidence for extensive horizontal gene acquisition from bacterial origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Shi-Kunne
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathijs van Kooten
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper R L Depotter
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Crops and Agronomy, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Present address: Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, BioCenter, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bart P H J Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael F Seidl
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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241
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Feng W, Hieno A, Kusunoki M, Suga H, Kageyama K. LAMP Detection of Four Plant-Pathogenic Oomycetes and Its Application in Lettuce Fields. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:298-307. [PMID: 30608214 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-18-0858-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In Kagawa Prefecture, Japan, the pathogens Phytophthora pseudolactucae, Pythium irregulare, Pythium uncinulatum, and Pythium spinosum have caused huge losses in lettuce production. We used loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to analyze soil and plants in lettuce fields for the presence of these four pathogens. To develop an effective on-site detection method, we contrasted the Plant-LAMP and Plant Culture-LAMP procedures for plant samples, and five soil DNA extraction methods for soil samples. Plant-LAMP and a Soil DNA Isolation kit were selected to analyze three fields for the pathogen species present, infected sites, and level of soil contamination. We found that the same wilting symptoms could be caused by Phytophthora or Pythium, or a mixture of species from both genera. Ph. pseudolactucae infects the pith of the lettuce in aboveground parts, whereas Pythium spp. mainly infect roots. Ph. pseudolactucae and Py. uncinulatum caused disease more frequently than the other two pathogens. Furthermore, not all of the pathogens existed in the soil near infected lettuce plants. Therefore, the LAMP method can be used to diagnose pathogenic oomycetes in the field, and will be useful in the development of control strategies in lettuce production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Feng
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Hieno
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mikio Kusunoki
- Kagawa Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Plant Protection Office, Kagawa 761-2306, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Koji Kageyama
- River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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242
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Li PT, Rashid MHO, Chen TT, Lu QW, Ge Q, Gong WK, Liu AY, Gong JW, Shang HH, Deng XY, Li JW, Li SQ, Xiao XH, Liu RX, Zhang Q, Duan L, Zou XY, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Peng RH, Shi YZ, Yuan YL. Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and a chromosome segment substitution line from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30634907 PMCID: PMC6329193 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt (VW), also known as "cotton cancer," is one of the most destructive diseases in global cotton production that seriously impacts fiber yield and quality. Despite numerous attempts, little significant progress has been made in improving the VW resistance of upland cotton. The development of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense has emerged as a means of simultaneously developing new cotton varieties with high-yield, superior fiber, and resistance to VW. RESULTS In this study, VW-resistant investigations were first conducted in an artificial greenhouse, a natural field, and diseased nursery conditions, resulting in the identification of one stably VW-resistant CSSL, MBI8255, and one VW-susceptible G. hirsutum, CCRI36, which were subsequently subjected to biochemical tests and transcriptome sequencing during V991 infection (0, 1, and 2 days after inoculation). Eighteen root samples with three replications were collected to perform multiple comparisons of enzyme activity and biochemical substance contents. The findings indicated that VW resistance was positively correlated with peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, but negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. Additionally, RNA sequencing was used for the same root samples, resulting in a total of 77,412 genes, of which 23,180 differentially expressed genes were identified from multiple comparisons between samples. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis on the expression profiles identified using Short Time-series Expression Miner, we found that the metabolic process in the biological process, as well as the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, participated significantly in the response to VW. Gene functional annotation and expression quantity analysis indicated the important roles of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and oxidation-reduction process in response to VW, which also provided plenty of candidate genes related to plant resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study concentrates on the preliminary response to V991 infection by comparing the VW-resistant CSSL and its VW-susceptible recurrent parent. Not only do our findings facilitate the culturing of new resistant varieties with high yield and superior performance, but they also broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Md. Harun or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ting-ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong China
| | - Quan-wei Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Wan-kui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ai-ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ju-wu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Hai-hong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiao-ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Jun-wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Shao-qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiang-hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Rui-xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xian-yan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Ren-hai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - Yu-zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
| | - You-lu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000 Henan China
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243
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Li PT, Rashid MHO, Chen TT, Lu QW, Ge Q, Gong WK, Liu AY, Gong JW, Shang HH, Deng XY, Li JW, Li SQ, Xiao XH, Liu RX, Zhang Q, Duan L, Zou XY, Zhang Z, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Peng RH, Shi YZ, Yuan YL. Transcriptomic and biochemical analysis of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and a chromosome segment substitution line from G. hirsutum × G. barbadense in response to Verticillium dahliae infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:19. [PMID: 30634907 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1619-1614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticillium wilt (VW), also known as "cotton cancer," is one of the most destructive diseases in global cotton production that seriously impacts fiber yield and quality. Despite numerous attempts, little significant progress has been made in improving the VW resistance of upland cotton. The development of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) from Gossypium hirsutum × G. barbadense has emerged as a means of simultaneously developing new cotton varieties with high-yield, superior fiber, and resistance to VW. RESULTS In this study, VW-resistant investigations were first conducted in an artificial greenhouse, a natural field, and diseased nursery conditions, resulting in the identification of one stably VW-resistant CSSL, MBI8255, and one VW-susceptible G. hirsutum, CCRI36, which were subsequently subjected to biochemical tests and transcriptome sequencing during V991 infection (0, 1, and 2 days after inoculation). Eighteen root samples with three replications were collected to perform multiple comparisons of enzyme activity and biochemical substance contents. The findings indicated that VW resistance was positively correlated with peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity, but negatively correlated with malondialdehyde content. Additionally, RNA sequencing was used for the same root samples, resulting in a total of 77,412 genes, of which 23,180 differentially expressed genes were identified from multiple comparisons between samples. After Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis on the expression profiles identified using Short Time-series Expression Miner, we found that the metabolic process in the biological process, as well as the pathways of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, participated significantly in the response to VW. Gene functional annotation and expression quantity analysis indicated the important roles of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway and oxidation-reduction process in response to VW, which also provided plenty of candidate genes related to plant resistance. CONCLUSIONS This study concentrates on the preliminary response to V991 infection by comparing the VW-resistant CSSL and its VW-susceptible recurrent parent. Not only do our findings facilitate the culturing of new resistant varieties with high yield and superior performance, but they also broaden our understanding of the mechanisms of cotton resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Md Harun Or Rashid
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, China
| | - Quan-Wei Lu
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qun Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Wan-Kui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ai-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ju-Wu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Hai-Hong Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jun-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Shao-Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiang-Hui Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Rui-Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Li Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Yan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ren-Hai Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
| | - You-Lu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China.
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244
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Liang Y, Dong Y, Yang X, Qiu D. Verticillium dahliae PevD1, an Alt a 1-like protein, targets cotton PR5-like protein and promotes fungal infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:613-626. [PMID: 30295911 PMCID: PMC6322577 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Alt a 1 family proteins (AA1s) have only been observed in the Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes classes of fungi, and their biological functions have remained poorly understood. Verticillium dahliae, a soil-borne pathogen that causes plant wilt disease, secretes hundreds of proteins during the process of pathogenic infection, including the AA1 member PevD1. In this study, we found that the pevd1 transcript was present in all of the hosts studied (cotton, Arabidopsis, tomato, and tobacco) and showed elevated expression throughout the infection process. Furthermore, pevd1 knockout mutants displayed attenuated pathogenicity compared with the wild-type (WT) strain and complemented strains in hosts. A partner protein of PevD1, pathogenesis-related protein 5 (PR5)-like protein GhPR5, was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants by co-purification assays, and the PevD1-GhPR5 interaction was determined to be localized in the C-terminus (PevD1b, amino acids residues 113-155) by pull-down and yeast two-hybrid techniques. Re-introduction of the pevd1b gene into a pevd1 knockout mutant resulted in restoration of the virulence phenotype to WT levels. In addition, PevD1b, which is similar to PevD1, decreased the antifungal activity of GhPR5 in vitro. Our findings reveal an infection strategy in which V. dahliae secretes PevD1 to inhibit GhPR5 antifungal activity in order to overcome the host defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbo Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Dong
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Plant Origin) for Agri-product Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
| | - Dewen Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: or
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245
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Blum A, Bressan M, Zahid A, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I, Driouich A, Laval K. Verticillium Wilt on Fiber Flax: Symptoms and Pathogen Development In Planta. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:2421-2429. [PMID: 30281419 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-18-0139-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), an important crop in Normandy (France), is increasingly affected by Verticillium wilt caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae. This disease leads to nonnegligible yield losses and depreciated fibers that are consequently difficult to upgrade. Verticillium wilt is a major threat to a broad range of agriculture. In this study, susceptible fiber flax cultivar Adélie was infected by VdLu01 (isolated from fiber flax, this study) or green fluorescent protein-tagged VdLs17 (transformed and provided by the department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis). Between 3 and 4 weeks postinoculation, wilting symptoms on leaves were first observed, with acropetal growth during the following weeks. Pathogen development was tracked by confocal laser-scanning microscopy during the asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. First, conidia germination led to the development of hyphae on root epidermis; more particularly, on the zone of cell differentiation and around emerging lateral roots, while the zone of cell division and the root tip were free of the pathogen. At 3 days postinoculation, the zone of cell differentiation and lateral roots were embedded into a fungal mass. Swelling structures such as appressoria were observed at 1 week postinoculation. At 2 weeks postinoculation and onward, the pathogen had colonized xylem vessels in roots, followed by the stem and, finally, leaves during the symptomatic stage. Additionally, observations of infected plants after retting in the field revealed microsclerotia embedded inside the bast fiber bundle, thus potentially contributing to weakening of fiber. All of these results provide a global account of V. dahliae development when infecting fiber flax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Blum
- UniLaSalle-Campus Rouen, Unité Aghyle, CS 40118, LaSalle Beauvais-Esitpa, 76134 Mont-Saint-Aignan Cedex, France; and Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale EA 4358, SFR Végétal-Agronomie, Université de Rouen 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | | | - Abderrakib Zahid
- Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale EA 4358, SFR Végétal-Agronomie, Université de Rouen; and Département de Production, Protection et Biotechnologie végétale (Unité de Génétique, Biotechnologies et Amélioration des Plantes) Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Madinat Al Irfan C.P. 10101, Morocco
| | | | - Azeddine Driouich
- Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale EA 4358, SFR Végétal-Agronomie, Université de Rouen
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246
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Su X, Lu G, Rehman L, Li X, Sun L, Guo H, Cheng H. mCherry-Labeled Verticillium dahliae Could Be Utilized to Investigate Its Pathogenicity Process in Nicotiana benthamiana. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E508. [PMID: 30340423 PMCID: PMC6210675 DOI: 10.3390/genes9100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae is a soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus that causes a destructive vascular wilt, but details of the molecular mechanism behind its pathogenicity are not very clear. Here, we generated a red fluorescent isolate of V. dahliae by protoplast transformation to explore its pathogenicity mechanism, including colonization, invasion, and extension in Nicotiana benthamiana, using confocal microscopy. The nucleotide sequences of mCherry were optimized for fungal expression and cloned into pCT-HM plasmid, which was inserted into V. dahliae protoplasts. The transformant (Vd-m) shows strong red fluorescence and its phenotype, growth rate, and pathogenicity did not differ significantly from the wild type V. dahliae (Vd-wt). Between one and three days post inoculation (dpi), the Vd-m successfully colonized and invaded epidermal cells of the roots. From four to six dpi, hyphae grew on root wounds and lateral root primordium and entered xylem vessels. From seven to nine dpi, hyphae extended along the surface of the cell wall and massively grew in the xylem vessel of roots. At ten dpi, the Vd-m was found in petioles and veins of leaves. Our results distinctly showed the pathway of V. dahliae infection and colonization in N. benthamiana, and the optimized expression can be used to deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Latifur Rehman
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Lu Sun
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun 113122, China.
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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247
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Su X, Lu G, Guo H, Zhang K, Li X, Cheng H. The dynamic transcriptome and metabolomics profiling in Verticillium dahliae inoculated Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15404. [PMID: 30337674 PMCID: PMC6193927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Verticillium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae is a common, devastating plant vascular disease notorious for causing economic losses. Despite considerable research on plant resistance genes, there has been little progress in modeling the effects of this fungus owing to its complicated pathogenesis. Here, we analyzed the transcriptional and metabolic responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to V. dahliae inoculation by Illumina-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. We identified 13,916 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in infected compared with mock-treated plants. Gene ontology analysis yielded 11,055 annotated DEGs, including 2,308 for response to stress and 2,234 for response to abiotic or biotic stimulus. Pathway classification revealed involvement of the metabolic, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant–pathogen interaction, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. In addition, 401 transcription factors, mainly in the MYB, bHLH, AP2-EREBP, NAC, and WRKY families, were up- or downregulated. NMR analysis found decreased tyrosine, asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, and arginine and increased alanine and threonine levels following inoculation, along with a significant increase in the glucosinolate sinigrin and a decrease in the flavonoid quercetin glycoside. Our data reveal corresponding changes in the global transcriptomic and metabolic profiles that provide insights into the complex gene-regulatory networks mediating the plant’s response to V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoqing Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huiming Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hongmei Cheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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248
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Li N, Wang W, Bitas V, Subbarao K, Liu X, Kang S. Volatile Compounds Emitted by Diverse Verticillium Species Enhance Plant Growth by Manipulating Auxin Signaling. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:1021-1031. [PMID: 29741467 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-17-0263-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Some volatile compounds (VC) play critical roles in intra- and interspecies interactions. To investigate roles of VC in fungal ecology, we characterized how VC produced by Verticillium spp., a group of broad-host-range soilborne fungal pathogens, affect plant growth and development. VC produced by 19 strains corresponding to 10 species significantly enhanced the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. Analysis of VC produced by four species revealed the presence of diverse compounds, including those previously shown to affect plant growth. Using A. thaliana, we investigated the mechanism underpinning plant growth enhancement by Verticillium dahliae VC. Allometric analysis indicated that VC caused preferential resource allocation for root growth over shoot growth. Growth responses of A. thaliana mutants defective in auxin or ethylene signaling suggested the involvement of several components of auxin signaling, with TIR3 playing a key role. AUX1, TIR1, and AXR1 were also implicated but appeared to play lesser roles. Inhibition of auxin efflux using 1-naphthylphthalamic acid blocked VC-mediated growth enhancement. Spatial and temporal expression patterns of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5::GUS indicated that the activation of auxin signaling occurred before enhanced plant growth became visible. Results from this study suggest critical yet overlooked roles of VC in Verticillium ecology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxiao Li
- 1 Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vasileios Bitas
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University; and
| | - Krishna Subbarao
- 4 Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Xingzhong Liu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Seogchan Kang
- 1 Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
- 3 Department of Plant Pathology & Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University; and
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249
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Lima RPM, Curtolo M, Merfa MV, Cristofani-Yaly M, Machado MA. QTLs and eQTLs mapping related to citrandarins' resistance to citrus gummosis disease. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:516. [PMID: 29969985 PMCID: PMC6031180 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan (Phytophthora parasitica Dastur) causes severe damage to citrus crops worldwide. A population of citrandarins was created from the cross between the susceptible parent Citrus sunki Hort. Ex Tan. and the resistant parent Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. cv. Rubidoux, both parents and two reference rootstocks (Rangpur lime and Swingle citrumelo) were grafted in a greenhouse on Rangpur lime. Inoculations were performed at 10 cm and 15 cm above the grafting region and the resulting lesions were evaluated by measuring the lesion length 60 days after inoculation. As control, non-inoculated plants of each genotype were used. In addition, we evaluated the expression of 19 candidate genes involved in citrus defense response 48 h after pathogen infection by quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR). We mapped genomic regions of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) and Expression Quantitative Trait Loci (eQTLs) associated with resistance to P. parasitica in the linkage groups (LGs) of the previously constructed maps of C. sunki and P. trifoliata. Results We found disease severity differences among the generated hybrids, with lesion lengths varying from 1.15 to 11.13 mm. The heritability of the character was 65%. These results indicate that there is a great possibility of success in the selection of resistant hybrids within this experiment. The analysis of gene expression profile demonstrated a great variation of responses regarding the activation of plant defense pathways, indicating that citrandarins have several defense strategies to control oomycete infection. The information of the phenotypic and gene expression data made possible to detect genomic regions associated with resistance. Three QTLs and 84 eQTLs were detected in the linkage map of P. trifoliata, while one QTL and 110 eQTLs were detected in C. sunki. Conclusions This is the first study to use eQTLs mapping in the Phytophthora-citrus interaction. Our results from the QTLs and eQTLs mapping allow us to conclude that the resistance of some citrandarins to the infection by P. parasitica is due to a favorable combination of QTLs and eQTLs transmitted by both parents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4888-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo P M Lima
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil.,Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UNESP, Caixa Postal 510, CEP, Botucatu, SP, 18618-000, Brazil
| | - Maiara Curtolo
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Merfa
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil.,Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Mariângela Cristofani-Yaly
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil.
| | - Marcos A Machado
- Centro APTA Citros Sylvio Moreira, Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), CP 04, Cordeirópolis, SP, 13490-970, Brazil
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Qin J, Wang K, Sun L, Xing H, Wang S, Li L, Chen S, Guo HS, Zhang J. The plant-specific transcription factors CBP60g and SARD1 are targeted by a Verticillium secretory protein VdSCP41 to modulate immunity. eLife 2018; 7:34902. [PMID: 29757140 PMCID: PMC5993538 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae infects the roots of plants to cause Verticillium wilt. The molecular mechanisms underlying V. dahliae virulence and host resistance remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a secretory protein, VdSCP41, functions as an intracellular effector that promotes V. dahliae virulence. The Arabidopsis master immune regulators CBP60g and SARD1 and cotton GhCBP60b are targeted by VdSCP41. VdSCP41 binds the C-terminal portion of CBP60g to inhibit its transcription factor activity. Further analyses reveal a transcription activation domain within CBP60g that is required for VdSCP41 targeting. Mutations in both CBP60g and SARD1 compromise Arabidopsis resistance against V. dahliae and partially impair VdSCP41-mediated virulence. Moreover, virus-induced silencing of GhCBP60b compromises cotton resistance to V. dahliae. This work uncovers a virulence strategy in which the V. dahliae secretory protein VdSCP41 directly targets plant transcription factors to inhibit immunity, and reveals CBP60g, SARD1 and GhCBP60b as crucial components governing V. dahliae resistance. Like animals, plants have an immune system to protect themselves from disease. When a plant detects a disease-causing microbe, proteins that serve as master regulators of its immune system activate defense-related genes. Yet some microbes can overcome these defenses and successfully infect plants. Verticillium dahliae is a fungus, found in soil, that infects the roots of many plants – including cotton, tomatoes and potatoes. Infection by this fungus causes the leaves to curl and discolor, and the plant to wilt. The V. dahliae fungus releases, or secretes, nearly 800 proteins during an infection. Yet it remains unknown if and how any of these proteins help the fungus to infect plants. A better understanding of how V. dahliae impairs plant immunity to infect its hosts could give insights into ways to improve plant resistance against this fungus. Now, Qin et al. show that a secreted protein called VdSCP41 promotes V. dahliae infection in both cotton and Arabidopsis plants. Further experiments showed that after leaving the fungus, VdSCP41 enters into the plant’s own cells. Protein-protein interaction and biochemical studies then indicated VdSCP41 associates with a master immune regulator in Arabidopsis called CBP60g. This interaction interferes with CBP60g’s ability to activate the defense-related genes. Now that this role for VdSCP41 has been confirmed, the next step would be to see if targeting it would make plants more resistant to this fungus. One approach would be to genetically engineer plants so that they can specifically shut down, or ‘silence’, the fungal gene that encodes for this protein. Further experiments are required to see whether using this technique – known as host-induced gene silencing (or HIGS for short) – against VdSCP41would enhance plant resistance to V. dahliae. If it does prove effective, this approach may eventually reduce the need for chemical pesticides to protect crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kailun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - She Chen
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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