201
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Houchens N, Meddings J, Gupta A. Quality & Safety in the Literature: March 2020. BMJ Qual Saf 2020; 29:260-264. [PMID: 31988258 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2020-010832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Houchens
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Meddings
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ashwin Gupta
- Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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202
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Camplain R, Sotres-Alvarez D, Alvarez C, Wilson R, Perreira KM, Castañeda SF, Merchant G, Gellman MD, Chambers EC, Gallo LC, Evenson KR. The association of acculturation with accelerometer-assessed and self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. Prev Med Rep 2020; 17:101050. [PMID: 32021761 PMCID: PMC6994298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Associations between acculturation and physical activity varied across measurements. Higher social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported physical activity. Language acculturation, but not language preference, was positively associated with leisure-time physical activity. Language acculturation, but not language preference, was negatively associated with occupational physical activity. Among workers, greater acculturation was associated with lower occupational physical activity. Longer residency in the US was associated with higher accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Most acculturation measures were positively associated with self-report, but not accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior.
The adoption of US culture among immigrants has been associated with higher leisure-time physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, most research to date assesses this association using single measures of acculturation and physical activity. Our objective was to describe the cross-sectional association between acculturation and both physical activity and sedentary behavior among US Hispanic/Latino adults. Participants included Hispanic/Latinos 18–74 years living in four US locations enrolled in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos from 2008 to 2011. Acculturation was measured using acculturation scales (language and social), years in the US, language preference, and age at immigration. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (N = 15,355) and Actical accelerometer (N = 11,954). Poisson, logistic, and linear regression were used, accounting for complex design and sampling weights. English-language preference was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Social acculturation was positively associated with self-reported leisure-time and transportation physical activity and MVPA. Years in the US and age at immigration were positively associated with accelerometer-assessed MVPA. Language acculturation, years in the US, and age at immigration were associated with occupational physical activity among those who reported employment. Most acculturation measures were associated with self-reported sitting but not with accelerometer-assessed sedentary behavior. Different measures of acculturation, capturing various domains acculturation, were associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior. However, the direction of the association was dependent on the measures of acculturation physical activity/sedentary behavior, highlighting the complexity of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Camplain
- Northern Arizona University, Center for Health Equity Research, 1395 S. Knoles Drive, ARD Building, Suite 140, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA.,University of North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, 123 W. Franklin St. Building C CB 8050, Suite 410, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8050, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, 123 W. Franklin St., Building C, Suite 450, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Carolina Alvarez
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Thurston Arthritis Research Center, 3300 Thurston Bldg., CB #7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA
| | - Rebbecca Wilson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biostatistics, 123 W. Franklin St., Building C, Suite 450, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- University of North Carolina, Department of Social Medicine, 333 S. Columbia St., 342B MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sheila F Castañeda
- San Diego State University, South Bay Latino Research Center, 780 Bay Blvd, Sute 200 Chula Vista, CA 91910, USA
| | - Gina Merchant
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0881, La Jolla, CA 92093-0881, USA
| | - Marc D Gellman
- University of Miami, Department of Psychology, Flipse Building, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Earle C Chambers
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Family and Social Medicine, Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Block Room 408, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- San Diego State University, Department of Psychology, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4611, USA
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- University of North Carolina, Department of Epidemiology, 123 W. Franklin St. Building C CB 8050, Suite 410, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-8050, USA
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203
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Popkin BM, Corvalan C, Grummer-Strawn LM. Dynamics of the double burden of malnutrition and the changing nutrition reality. Lancet 2020; 395:65-74. [PMID: 31852602 PMCID: PMC7179702 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)32497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 641] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as the simultaneous manifestation of both undernutrition and overweight and obesity, affects most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This Series paper describes the dynamics of the DBM in LMICs and how it differs by socioeconomic level. This Series paper shows that the DBM has increased in the poorest LMICs, mainly due to overweight and obesity increases. Indonesia is the largest country with a severe DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this problem. We also discuss that overweight increases are mainly due to very rapid changes in the food system, particularly the availability of cheap ultra-processed food and beverages in LMICs, and major reductions in physical activity at work, transportation, home, and even leisure due to introductions of activity-saving technologies. Understanding that the lowest income LMICs face severe levels of the DBM and that the major direct cause is rapid increases in overweight allows identifying selected crucial drivers and possible options for addressing the DBM at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Popkin
- Department of Nutrition and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Camila Corvalan
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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204
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Ma J, Ma D, Wang Q, Kim H. The Correlation between Sedentary Behavior by Time Period and Physical Activity and Health Indicators among Japanese Workers. EXERCISE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.26644/em.2019.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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205
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Schott W, Aurino E, Penny ME, Behrman JR. Time use and sexual maturity-related indicators differentially predict youth body mass indices, Peruvian girls versus boys. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1468:55-73. [PMID: 31872895 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development in Latin America has been accompanied by lifestyle shifts, including changes in time use and social environments. Overweight/obesity has also emerged as a public health challenge. We examined whether lifestyle changes and sexual maturity-related indicators (early pubertal development and having a child) predict increases in adiposity among Peruvian youth. Using longitudinal data from Young Lives, we examined changes in adiposity between ages 8 and 15 years old for the younger cohort and ages 15 and 22 years old for the older cohort. Boys and girls in both cohorts demonstrated substantial increases in age-adjusted adiposity measures, but predictors were different for boys versus girls. For boys, increases in time spent in work and domestic chores predicted increases in adiposity body mass index and BMI-for-age Z-score and increases in time spent sleeping were associated with decreases in adiposity (waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio). For girls, sexual maturity-related indicators (early menarche and childbearing) predicted increases in adiposity, regardless of time use. Potential mechanisms for these results may include diet, physical activity, wealth, and urban-rural residence. Time use among youth was associated with diet quality and physical activity, but in different ways for boys versus girls. Strategies for dealing with rising overweight and obesity should incorporate sex-based specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Schott
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Elisabetta Aurino
- Department of Management and Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovations, Imperial College London and Young Lives, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mary E Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Jere R Behrman
- Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.,Economics Department, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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206
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Wilson AL, Nguyen C, Bogomolova S, Sharp B, Olds T. Analysing how physical activity competes: a cross-disciplinary application of the Duplication of Behaviour Law. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:123. [PMID: 31805972 PMCID: PMC6894468 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the ongoing promotion of physical activity, the rates of physical inactivity remain high. Drawing on established methods of analysing consumer behaviour, this study seeks to understand how physical activity competes for finite time in a day – how Exercise and Sport compete with other everyday behaviours, and how engagement in physical activity is shared across Exercise and Sport activities. As targeted efforts are common in physical activity intervention and promotion, the existence of segmentation is also explored. Methods Time-use recall data (n = 2307 adults) is analysed using the Duplication of Behaviour Law, and tested against expected values, to document what proportion of the population that engage in one activity, also engage in another competing activity. Additionally, a Mean Absolute Deviation approach is used to test for segmentation. Results The Duplication of Behaviour Law is evident for everyday activities, and Exercise and Sport activities – all activities ‘compete’ with each other, and the prevalence of the competing activity determines the extent of competition. However, some activities compete more or less than expected, suggesting the combinations of activities that should be used or avoided in promotion efforts. Competition between everyday activities is predictable, and there are no specific activities that are sacrificed to engage in Exercise and Sport. How people share their physical activity across different Exercise and Sport activities is less predictable – Males and younger people (under 20 years) are more likely to engage in Exercise and Sport, and those who engage in Exercise and Sport are slightly more likely to Work and Study. High competition between Team Sports and Non-Team Sports suggests strong preferences for sports of different varieties. Finally, gender and age-based segmentation does not exist for Exercise and Sport relative to other everyday activities; however, segmentation does exist for Team Sports, Games, Active Play and Dance. Conclusions The Duplication of Behaviour Law demonstrates that population-level patterns of behaviour can yield insight into the competition between different activities, and how engagement in physical activity is shared across different Exercise and Sport activities. Such insights can be used to describe and predict physical activity behaviour and may be used to inform and evaluate promotion and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wilson
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Cathy Nguyen
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Svetlana Bogomolova
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Byron Sharp
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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207
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Sun P, Lu W, Song Y, Gu Z. Influences of Built Environment with Hilly Terrain on Physical Activity in Dalian, China: An Analysis of Mediation by Perceptions and Moderation by Social Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4900. [PMID: 31817285 PMCID: PMC6950370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neighborhood built environment may influence residents' physical activity, but evidence of non-major Chinese cities is lacking. We investigated the impact of five socio-demographic characteristics, 10 objectively assessed environment characteristics, eight perceived neighborhood attributes, and social environment on physical activity and health outcomes (sense of community, body mass index, as well as self-reported health status). We also examined (1) five conceptually comparable perceived neighborhood attributes as mediators of the relationship between objective environment attributes and physical activity; (2) other perceived indicators and social environment as moderators of those relationships, using the mediation analysis in regression. Objectively assessed residential density, land use mix, street connectivity, and accessibility were curvilinearly and/or linearly related to physical activity. The slope of terrain was inversely associated with body mass index (BMI). None of the perceived attributes were found as mediators probably due to the weak associations between subjective and objective environments. High density facilitated physical activity but hindered the sense of community. Further, the perceived aesthetic and safety were associated with physical activity. Additionally, social environment moderated the positive associations of all perceived environments (except for slope) and sense of community. The present study demonstrated that both physical and social environment attributes significantly correlated with physical activity in Dalian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijin Sun
- Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wei Lu
- Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yan Song
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Zongchao Gu
- Research Section of Environment Design, School of Architecture and Fine Art, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, China; (P.S.); (Z.G.)
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208
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Sylow L, Richter EA. Current advances in our understanding of exercise as medicine in metabolic disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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209
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Kallings LV, Olsson SJG, Ekblom Ö, Ekblom-Bak E, Börjesson M. The SED-GIH: A Single-Item Question for Assessment of Stationary Behavior-A Study of Concurrent and Convergent Validity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234766. [PMID: 31795109 PMCID: PMC6926785 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The unfavorable health consequences of prolonged time spent sedentary (stationary) make accurate assessment in the general population important. However, for many existing questionnaires, validity for identifying stationary time has not been shown or has shown low validity. This study aimed to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the GIH stationary single-item question (SED-GIH). Data were obtained in 2013 and 2014 from two Swedish cohorts. A total of 711 men and women provided valid accelerometer data (Actigraph GT3X+) and were included for concurrent validity analyses. A total of 560 individuals answered three additional commonly used sedentary questions, and were included for convergent validity analysis. The SED-GIH displayed a significant correlation with total stationary time (rs = 0.48) and time in prolonged stationary time (rs = 0.44). The ROC analysis showed an AUC of 0.72 for identifying individuals with stationary time over 600 min/day. The SED-GIH correlated significantly with other previously used questions (r = 0.72-0.89). The SED-GIH single-item question showed a relatively high agreement with device-assessed stationary behavior and was able to identify individuals with high levels of stationary time. Thus, the SED-GIH may be used to assess total and prolonged stationary time. This has important implications, as simple assessment tools of this behavior are needed in public health practice and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena V. Kallings
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.J.G.O.); (Ö.E.); (E.E.-B.)
- Family Medicine, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence:
| | - Sven J. G. Olsson
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.J.G.O.); (Ö.E.); (E.E.-B.)
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.J.G.O.); (Ö.E.); (E.E.-B.)
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, GIH, 114 86 Stockholm, Sweden; (S.J.G.O.); (Ö.E.); (E.E.-B.)
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology and Institute of Food, Nutrition and Sport Science, Göteborg University, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
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210
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Finger JD, Banzer W, Baumeister SE, Brandes M, Bös K, Gabrys L, Gößwald A, Härtel S, Kluttig A, Kuhnert R, Leitzmann M, Löllgen HH, Manz K, Mensink GM, Niessner C, Rosario AS, Kurth BM. [Reference Values for Cardiorespiratory Fitness of the General Population: The German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) 2008-2011]. DAS GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2019; 83:114-121. [PMID: 31746446 DOI: 10.1055/a-1026-6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF STUDY This study aims to provide population-based reference values for heart rate-based indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness for adults with physical activity readiness aged 18 to 64 years living in Germany. METHODS Based on data on 2,826 individuals who participated in a submaximal cycle ergometer exercise test as part of the German National Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults (DEGS1) between 2008 and 2011, we calculated the following indicators: physical working capacity at 150 and 130 beats/min and at 75% of estimated maximum heart rate (PWC150, PWC130 and PWC75%) as well as heart rate-based estimated maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). We used the LMS method by Cole & Green 1992 to calculate reference values. RESULTS 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of PWC150 were 1.5, 1.77 and 2.08 watts/kg among men and 1.18, 1.44 and 1.69 among women. 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles of PWC130 were 1.16, 1.41 and 1.68 watts/kg among men and 0.81, 1.05 and 1.29 among women. Age-dependent median PWC75% values among men and women were 1.87 - age in years× 0.01 and 1.31 - (age in years/100)2× 0.98, respectively, and VO2max among men is 41.7 - age× 0.15. CONCLUSIONS The references values presented can be used for individual rating of cardiorespiratory fitness among adults living in Germany. Furthermore, they can serve as a basis for regular monitoring purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas David Finger
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
| | - WinfriedE Banzer
- Institut für Sportwissenschaften, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main
| | | | - Mirko Brandes
- Abteilung für Prävention und Evaluation, Leibniz-Institut für Präventionsforschung und Epidemiologie - BIPS GmbH, Bremen
| | - Klaus Bös
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruhe
| | - Lars Gabrys
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin.,Abteilung für Gesundheitssport und Prävention, Fachhochschule für Sport und Management Potsdam, Potsdam
| | - Antje Gößwald
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
| | - Sascha Härtel
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruhe
| | - Alexander Kluttig
- Institut für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie und Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle
| | - Ronny Kuhnert
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
| | - MichaelF Leitzmann
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg
| | - Herbert H Löllgen
- European Federation of Sports Medicine Associations (EFSMA), S&E Commission, Remscheid
| | - Kristin Manz
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
| | - GertB M Mensink
- Abteilung für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin
| | - Claudia Niessner
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Karlsruhe
| | | | - Bärbel-Maria Kurth
- Leiterin der Abt. für Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsmonitoring, Robert Koch-Insitut, Berlin
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211
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Liangruenrom N, Craike M, Dumuid D, Biddle SJH, Tudor-Locke C, Ainsworth B, Jalayondeja C, van Tienoven TP, Lachapelle U, Weenas D, Berrigan D, Olds T, Pedisic Z. Standardised criteria for classifying the International Classification of Activities for Time-use Statistics (ICATUS) activity groups into sleep, sedentary behaviour, and physical activity. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:106. [PMID: 31727080 PMCID: PMC6857154 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the International Classification of Activities for Time-Use Statistics (ICATUS) is one of the most widely used time-use classifications to identify time spent in various activities. Comprehensive 24-h activities that can be extracted from ICATUS provide possible implications for the use of time-use data in relation to activity-health associations; however, these activities are not classified in a way that makes such analysis feasible. This study, therefore, aimed to develop criteria for classifying ICATUS activities into sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), based on expert assessment. METHOD We classified activities from the Trial ICATUS 2005 and final ICATUS 2016. One author assigned METs and codes for wakefulness status and posture, to all subclass activities in the Trial ICATUS 2005. Once coded, one author matched the most detailed level of activities from the ICATUS 2016 with the corresponding activities in the Trial ICATUS 2005, where applicable. The assessment and harmonisation of each ICATUS activity were reviewed independently and anonymously by four experts, as part of a Delphi process. Given a large number of ICATUS activities, four separate Delphi panels were formed for this purpose. A series of Delphi survey rounds were repeated until a consensus among all experts was reached. RESULTS Consensus about harmonisation and classification of ICATUS activities was reached by the third round of the Delphi survey in all four panels. A total of 542 activities were classified into sleep, SB, LPA, and MVPA categories. Of these, 390 activities were from the Trial ICATUS 2005 and 152 activities were from the final ICATUS 2016. The majority of ICATUS 2016 activities were harmonised into the ICATUS activity groups (n = 143). CONCLUSIONS Based on expert consensus, we developed a classification system that enables ICATUS-based time-use data to be classified into sleep, SB, LPA, and MVPA categories. Adoption and consistent use of this classification system will facilitate standardisation of time-use data processing for the purpose of sleep, SB and physical activity research, and improve between-study comparability. Future studies should test the applicability of the classification system by applying it to empirical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Melinda Craike
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Mitchell Institute, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart J H Biddle
- Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Barbara Ainsworth
- Department of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Theun Pieter van Tienoven
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ugo Lachapelle
- Department of Urban Studies and Tourism, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Djiwo Weenas
- Research Group TOR, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Research Group Interface Demography, Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Berrigan
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
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212
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Vinciguerra F, Tumminia A, Roppolo F, Romeo LC, La Spina N, Baratta R, Parrino C, Sciacca L, Vigneri R, Frittitta L. Impact of unhealthy childhood and unfavorable parents' characteristics on adiposity in schoolchildren. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2019; 35:e3199. [PMID: 31257680 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is encouraged by low physical activity (PA), time spent using screens (screen time, ST), and by sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (SSBc). It is also influenced by unfavorable parents' characteristics, such as a high body mass index (BMI) and low education level (EL). Our aim was to evaluate the overall and specific influence of these factors on childhood adiposity. MATERIAL AND METHODS Anthropometric parameters including BMI z-score, waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WtHR), and fat mass were measured in a cohort of 1702 schoolchildren (6.0-14.5 years, mean 10.7 ± 1.8) and questionnaires concerning children's PA, ST, and SSBc, and parent's BMI and EL were administered to parents. RESULTS Overweight/obesity prevalence was higher (P < .0001) in males (57%) than in females (43%). Less physically active children (28.9%) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and higher BMI z-score, WC, WtHR, and fat mass relative to more physically active children (P < .05). PA was negatively associated with the BMI z-score (r = 0.18, P < .0001) and fat mass percentage (r = 0.18, P < .0001). Children with more ST had higher WC and WtHR than non-ST viewers (P < .05) but not BMI. Moreover, SSBc did not influence the anthropometric parameters. At multivariate analysis, male gender, less PA, and parental risk factors (parent's overweight/obesity and low/medium EL) were independently associated with overweight and obesity among childhood with a progressively increasing odds ratio (1.65, 1.40, and 1.80, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Male gender, behavioral risk factors (particularly low PA), and parent's characteristics are important correlates of obesity in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vinciguerra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Tumminia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Roppolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luana Catena Romeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nadia La Spina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Parrino
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, I.R.C.C.S, Policlinico San Donato University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Frittitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Endocrinology, Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
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Early Career Professionals’ (Researchers, Practitioners, and Policymakers) Role in Advocating, Disseminating, and Implementing the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity: ISPAH Early Career Network View. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:940-944. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2019-0450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Increasing population levels of physical activity (PA) can assist in achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals, benefiting multiple sectors and contributing to global prosperity. Practices and policies to increase PA levels exist at the subnational, national, and international levels. In 2018, the World Health Organization launched the first Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (GAPPA). The GAPPA provides guidance through a framework of effective and feasible policy actions for increasing PA, and requires engagement and advocacy from a wide spectrum of stakeholders for successful implementation of the proposed actions. Early career professionals, including researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, can play a major role with helping “all people being regularly active” by contributing to 4 overarching areas: (1) generation—of evidence, (2) dissemination—of key messages and evidence, (3) implementation—of the evidence-based actions proposed in the GAPPA, and (4) contributing to advocacy for robust national action plans on PA. The contribution of early career professionals can be achieved through 5 pathways: (1) research, (2) workplace/practice, (3) business, (4) policy, and (5) professional and public opinion. Recommendations of how early career professionals can contribute to the generation, dissemination, and implementation of the evidence and actions proposed by the GAPPA are provided.
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214
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Mielke GI, Brown WJ. Physical activity and the prevention of chronic illness in the BRICS nations: Issues relating to gender equality. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:507-508. [PMID: 31720057 PMCID: PMC6835007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
•More than 70% of all deaths in the BRICS countries are attributable to noncommunicable diseases.•There have been marked changes in physical activity levels, time use, and energy expenditure in these nations over the last 20 years.•There are marked gender differences in physical activity in 4 of the 5 BRICS nations, which largely reflect the overall gender inequalities in these countries.
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Ferrari GLDM, Kovalskys I, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Rigotti A, Sanabria LYC, García MCY, Torres RGP, Herrera-Cuenca M, Zimberg IZ, Guajardo V, Pratt M, Cristi-Montero C, Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Scholes S, Celis-Morales CA, Chaput JP, Solé D. Socio-demographic patterning of objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviours in eight Latin American countries: Findings from the ELANS study. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 20:670-681. [PMID: 31603392 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1678671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) are two independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases. However, there is a lack of objectively measured information on PA and SB in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to use objective data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and SB in eight Latin American countries. 2732 participants (aged 15-65 years) from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS) were included. PA and SB data were collected using accelerometers. Overall and country-specific average levels of time spent in PA and SB were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. Overall, the mean time spent in SB was 571.6 min/day, ranging from 553.8 min/day in Chile to 596.7 min/day in Peru. Average levels of light, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and total PA were 311.1 min/day (95% CI: 307.7; 314.5), 34.9 min/day (95% CI: 34.0; 35.9) and 7531.2 MET-min/week (95% CI: 7450.4; 7611.9), respectively. MVPA and total PA were higher in men than women. The prevalence of physical inactivity was 40.6%, ranging from 26.9% (Chile) to 47% (Costa Rica and Venezuela). Women were more physically inactive than men (47.7% versus 33.0%). SB levels were highest among those with higher education; PA graded positively with socioeconomic level. Our findings can inform the planning of health policies and programmes designed to reduce levels of physical inactivity, as well as inform the local and cultural adaptation of these policies and programmes for implementation in Latin America. Highlights Worldwide studies of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours (SB) have historically under-represented Latin American countries due to the lack of surveillance data. Across eight Latin American countries, the ELANS study collected data on PA and SB using an objective method (accelerometers) which we have analysed to quantify and characterise socio-demographic patterns. Over four-in-ten participants were physically inactive (40.6%); with a gender gap (47.7% women; 33.0% men); and striking differences between countries (47% Costa Rica and Venezuela; 26.9% Chile). In all countries, levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were lowest, and levels of SB were highest, among participants in the higher education groups. Our findings on the unequal distribution of PA and SB increases the evidence base and can help to inform future intervention strategies in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerson Luis de Moraes Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Irina Kovalskys
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Pensi, Fundação José Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviana Guajardo
- Commitee of Nutrition and Wellbeing, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael Pratt
- Institute for Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | | | - Shaun Scholes
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carlos A Celis-Morales
- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile.,British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity (HALO) Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Departamento de Pediatria da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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- Centro de Investigación en Fisiologia del Ejercicio - CIFE, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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216
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Verbeek J, Mattioli S, Curti S. Systematic Reviews in Occupational Health and Safety: where are we and where should we go? LA MEDICINA DEL LAVORO 2019; 110:331-341. [PMID: 31659990 PMCID: PMC7810017 DOI: 10.23749/mdl.v110i5.8952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Systematic Reviews have been introduced to improve the synthesis of available evidence and to reduce bias in the conclusions about a body of evidence. Nowadays, Systematic Review is an established method also in the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) field. It is the Cochrane Work Review Group that facilitates authors to produce Cochrane reviews of intervention topics in this area. A variety of guidelines used Cochrane Work reviews for underpinning their recommendations. Due to the comprehensive search and reproducibility of the methods of a systematic review, it turned out that systematic reviews can be powerful in changing beliefs. For example, studies published in the eighties advocated the use of back schools. Nowadays, we know that the total body of evidence has changed the traditional view that training in lifting techniques could prevent back pain. ‘Sitting is the new smoking’ is an eye catching nicely alliterating motto, but it is of course highly overstated. The findings of a Cochrane review of the effects of interventions to decrease sitting at work showed that sitting time can be reduced by a bit less than two hours per day by providing sit-stand desks plus education. However, it is unclear if this is sufficient to counter the effects of sitting. A wealth of evidence on OSH interventions has been collected by international collaboration in the Cochrane Work Review Group. This can be extended to systematic reviews of the effects of exposure of workers to assess to which risks of adverse health effects they are exposed.
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217
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Brouwer SI, Stolk RP, Corpeleijn E. Later achievement of infant motor milestones is related to lower levels of physical activity during childhood: the GECKO Drenthe cohort. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:388. [PMID: 31656174 PMCID: PMC6816144 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1784-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to investigate whether age of infant motor milestone achievement is related to levels of physical activity (PA), weight status and blood pressure at age 4-7 years of age. METHODS In the Dutch GECKO (Groningen Expert Center of Kids with Obesity) Drenthe cohort, the age of achieving the motor milestone 'walking without support' was reported by parents. Weight status and blood pressure were assessed by trained health nurses and PA was measured using the Actigraph GT3X between age 4 and 7 years. RESULTS Adjusted for children's age, sex and the mother's education level, infants who achieved walking without support at a later age, spent more time in sedentary behaviour during childhood and less time in moderate-to-vigorous PA. Later motor milestones achievement was not related to higher BMI Z-score, waist circumference Z-score, diastolic or systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that a later age of achieving motor milestone within the normal range have a weak relation to lower PA levels at later age. It is not likely that this will have consequences for weight status or blood pressure at 4-7 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia I. Brouwer
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Sportstudies, Zernikeplein 17, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P. Stolk
- Department of Epidemilogy, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Corpeleijn
- Department of Epidemilogy, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
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218
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Health and Fitness Benefits But Low Adherence Rate: Effect of a 10-Month Onsite Physical Activity Program Among Tertiary Employees. J Occup Environ Med 2019; 60:e455-e462. [PMID: 30020214 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a 10-month structured physical activity intervention implemented within the workplace on overall health indicators among tertiary (office workers) employees. METHODS In this quasi-experimental study, 224 employees followed a 10-month worksite physical activity program. Overall health was assessed at baseline, after 5 months, and by the end of the intervention. RESULTS Fat mass percentage decreased significantly. There was a time effect favoring push-ups, abdominal strength, flexibility, heart rate postexercise, heart rate +30 seconds, and heart rate +60 seconds postexercise. Anxiety, depression, and eating habits also improved. In total, 45% of participants completed the whole intervention. CONCLUSION Although a structured on-site physical activity program supports improved health indicators, adherence remains a concern and requires specialists to develop new strategies.
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219
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Sharman MJ, Lyth A, Jose KA, Ragaini BS, Blizzard L, Johnston FH, Peterson C, Palmer AJ, Cleland VJ. Acceptability and perceived feasibility of strategies to increase public transport use for physical activity gain - A mixed methods study. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 31:504-517. [PMID: 31483904 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Public transport (PT) users typically accumulate more physical activity (PA) than motor vehicle users. This mixed methods study aimed to determine acceptability and perceived effectiveness of strategies to increase bus use for PA gain in a regional Australian setting. METHODS In a 2017 online survey, Tasmanian adults (n = 1091) rated the likelihood of increasing their bus use according to ten hypothetical strategies (fare-, incentives-, information- or infrastructure-based). Three focus groups and five interviews (n = 31) included infrequent bus users from the survey to determine reasons for strategy preferences and potential impact on PA. RESULTS The top three strategies in the survey, with supporting rationale from qualitative data, were: provision of real-time bus information ("…because I can better plan…"); bus-only lanes ("…it just speeds the whole thing up…") and employee incentives/rewards for example bus fare credits ("…it really comes down to money…"). Full-time students favoured cost-saving strategies most and residents in outer suburbs favoured infrastructure-based strategies most. Qualitative data indicated that potential for enhanced certainty, efficiency or cost-savings drove strategy preferences and some strategies may lead to PA gain (eg through the location of Park and Ride facilities). CONCLUSIONS Real-time information, bus-only lanes and employee incentives/rewards appear most promising for increasing bus use in this population, but tailoring strategies may be required. Discrete PT enhancement strategies may result in PA gain. SO WHAT?: Increasing PA through transport behaviour has been underexplored. The potential for PA gain through greater PT use and discrete PT use enhancement strategies is an important public health consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anna Lyth
- RED Sustainability Consultants, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kim A Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Bruna Silva Ragaini
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Corey Peterson
- Infrastructure Services and Development, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew J Palmer
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Verity J Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Bellafronte NT, Serafini RKK, Chiarello PG. Relationship between total physical activity and physical activity domains with body composition and energy expenditure among Brazilian adults. Am J Hum Biol 2019; 31:e23317. [PMID: 31486202 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of total physical activity (PA) and its different domains with sex, weight, body mass index, body composition, and resting energy expenditure (REE) among Brazilian adults. The secondary aim was to assess if the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire (BHPAQ) could be used to screen fat mass excess. METHODS Three hundred and sixty-six volunteers participated. PA was assessed with the BHPAQ, body composition with multifrequency bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy, and REE with indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Total PA and sports/exercise PA were lower in women than men. The participants most active for sports/exercise and leisure-time/locomotion PA domains had higher fat free mass and phase angle, and lower fat mass and weight than the least active subjects. The occupational PA domain was associated with higher fat mass and weight. REE was associated only with the exercise/sports PA domain. The BHPAQ could discriminate subjects with excess body fat with a 9.375 cutoff point for total PA. CONCLUSION Exercise/sports and leisure-time/locomotion are PA domains associated with a better body composition. A gender gap still exists in PA, as women are less active than men. The BHPAQ could screen subjects with excess fat mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália T Bellafronte
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata K K Serafini
- Nutrition and Metabolism Undergraduate Course, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula G Chiarello
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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221
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Magkos F. Metabolically healthy obesity: what's in a name? Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:533-539. [PMID: 31240297 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolically healthy obesity refers to an obesity phenotype with no or little evidence of metabolic dysfunction. Lower liver fat content and visceral adipose tissue, greater insulin sensitivity and secretion, greater cardiorespiratory fitness, and a predominantly lower body (i.e., leg) fat deposition are key physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype. About 35% of all subjects with obesity are metabolically healthy. These individuals have approximately half the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease compared with metabolically unhealthy subjects with obesity, but they still have a significantly greater risk (by 50-300%) compared with metabolically healthy lean subjects. Therefore, absence of metabolic risk factors in people with obesity should not be a contraindication for weight-loss treatment. Metabolically healthy obesity needs to be treated, and this need is reinforced by the fact that this phenotype is not stable over time, as ∼50% of these subjects will cease being metabolically healthy within ∼10 y. Intervening early is therefore important. Weight loss dose-dependently decreases visceral adipose tissue and liver fat content, and it improves multiorgan insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (i.e., it beneficially affects many of the physiological traits of a metabolically healthy phenotype); however, weight loss is very difficult to maintain. This typically results in disappointment among patients and hinders adherence, which is likely critical for the limited success of most weight-loss treatments in the long term. On the other hand, using ≥1 metabolic health targets in a non-weight-loss-centered treatment paradigm that includes prudent dietary changes and increased physical activity can serve as an appropriate first goal that can help motivate patients toward the long-term goals of obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Trade openness and the obesity epidemic: a cross-national study of 175 countries during 1975–2016. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 37:31-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Anderson A, Thornton O, Coats R, Capozio A, Astill S. The effect of using a cycling workstation on mouse dexterity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220896. [PMID: 31461444 PMCID: PMC6713392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of using a cycling workstation on mouse dexterity, including if and how this changed with practice. Thirty-four healthy adults were allocated to a sitting group (n = 17) or cycling group (n = 17). All participants completed standardised computer tasks on 6 occasions: baseline and final—all participants were seated; practice 1 to 4—sitting group participants were seated, cycling group participants pedalled on an under desk cycle. Three computer tasks were employed: (1) Tracking (continuous task)—participants used the mouse pointer to track a dot in a figure of 8 pattern at 3 different speeds without a guide then with a guide (2) Aiming (discrete task)—participants moved the mouse pointer to a dot which repeatedly disappeared then reappeared again in different locations, creating the outline of a pentagram (3) Steering (continuous task)—participants steered the mouse pointer around two different pathways. Accuracy was measured during the Tracking and Steering tasks as the root mean square error and penalised path accuracy respectively. Speed was measured during the Aiming task as the movement time. Data was analysed using frequentist and Bayes Factor analyses. During the continuous tasks (Tracking and Steering), accuracy was impaired among participants using the cycling workstation, both compared to their accuracy when seated and to the accuracy of participants in the sitting group. In contrast, no deficits in speed were noted among participants using the cycling work station during the discrete task (Aiming). No learning effects were observed among either group for any tasks. These findings suggest using a cycling workstation may impair the accuracy but not speed of mouse use, regardless of task practice. Overall this supports the implementation of cycling workstations in typical office settings, but suggests cycling workstations may impair productivity among workers performing high precision mouse tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Anderson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- Physiotherapy Department, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Thornton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Coats
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Capozio
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Astill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chen Y, Yang J, Su J, Qin Y, Shen C, Li Y, Lu S, Pan E, Gao Y, Miao D, Zhang N, Zhou J, Wu M. Physical activity, sedentary time and their associations with clustered metabolic risk among people with type 2 diabetes in Jiangsu province: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027906. [PMID: 31444181 PMCID: PMC6707692 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating the association between total physical activity, physical activity in different domains and sedentary time with clustered metabolic risk in patients with type 2 diabetes from Jiangsu province, China. DESIGN Interview-based cross-sectional study conducted between December 2013 and January 2014. SETTING 44 selected townships across two cities, Changshu and Huai'an, in Jiangsu province. PARTICIPANTS 20 340 participants selected using stratified cluster-randomised sampling and an interviewer-managed questionnaire. METHODS We constructed clustered metabolic risk by summing sex-specific standardised values of waist circumference, fasting triacylglycerol, fasting plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure and the inverse of blood high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). Self-reported total physical activity included occupation, commuting and leisure-time physical activity. The un-standardised regression coefficient [B] and its 95% CI were calculated using multivariate linear regression analyses. RESULTS This study included 17 750 type 2 diabetes patients (aged 21-94 years, 60.3% female). The total (B=-0.080; 95% CI: -0.114 to -0.046), occupational (B=-0.066; 95% CI: -0.101 to- 0.031) and leisure-time physical activity (B=-0.041; 95% CI: -0.075 to -0.007), and sedentary time (B=0.117; 95% CI: 0.083 to 0.151) were associated with clustered metabolic risk. Total physical activity, occupational physical activity and sedentary time were associated with waist circumference, triacylglycerol and HDL-cholesterol, but not with systolic blood pressure. Commuting physical activity and sedentary time were significantly associated with triacylglycerol (B=-0.012; 95% CI: -0.019 to -0.005) and fasting plasma glucose (B=0.008; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.01), respectively. Leisure-time physical activity was only significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (B=-0.239; 95% CI: -0.542 to- 0.045). CONCLUSIONS Total, occupational and leisure-time physical activity were inversely associated with clustered metabolic risk, whereas sedentary time increased metabolic risk. Commuting physical activity was inversely associated with triacylglycerol. These findings suggest that increased physical activity in different domains and decreased sedentary time may have protective effects against metabolic risk in type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Chong Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shurong Lu
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Enchun Pan
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Institute of Suzhou Biobank, Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Dandan Miao
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Huai'an Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Huai'an, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Changshu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changshu, China
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Non-communicable Chronic Disease Control, Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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225
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Compernolle S, DeSmet A, Poppe L, Crombez G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G, van der Ploeg HP, Van Dyck D. Effectiveness of interventions using self-monitoring to reduce sedentary behavior in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:63. [PMID: 31409357 PMCID: PMC6693254 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behavior occurs largely subconsciously, and thus specific behavior change techniques are needed to increase conscious awareness of sedentary behavior. Chief amongst these behavior change techniques is self-monitoring of sedentary behavior. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of existing interventions using self-monitoring to reduce sedentary behavior in adults. Methods Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library) and grey literature (Google Scholar and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched to identify appropriate intervention studies. Only (cluster-)randomized controlled trials that 1) assessed the short-term effectiveness of an intervention aimed at the reduction of sedentary behavior, 2) used self-monitoring as a behavior change technique, and 3) were conducted in a sample of adults with an average age ≥ 18 years, were eligible for inclusion. Relevant data were extracted, and Hedge’s g was used as the measure of effect sizes. Random effects models were performed to conduct the meta-analysis. Results Nineteen intervention studies with a total of 2800 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results of the meta-analyses showed that interventions using self-monitoring significantly reduced total sedentary time (Hedges g = 0,32; 95% CI = 0,14 − 0,50; p = 0,001) and occupational sedentary time (Hedge’s g = 0,56; 95% CI = 0,07 − 0,90; p = 0,02) on the short term. Subgroup analyses showed that significant intervention effects were only found if objective self-monitoring tools were used (g = 0,40; 95% CI = 0,19 − 0,60; p < 0,001), and if the intervention only targeted sedentary behavior (g = 0,45; 95% CI = 0,15-0,75; p = 0,004). No significant intervention effects were found on the number of breaks in sedentary behavior. Conclusions Despite the small sample sizes, and the large heterogeneity, results of the current meta-analysis suggested that interventions using self-monitoring as a behavior change technique have the potential to reduce sedentary behavior in adults. If future – preferably large-scale studies – can prove that the reductions in sedentary behavior are attributable to self-monitoring and can confirm the sustainability of this behavior change, multi-level interventions including self-monitoring may impact public health by reducing sedentary behavior. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0824-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ann DeSmet
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Louise Poppe
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Crombez
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hidde P van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health Amsterdam Public Health research institute Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Delfien Van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium
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226
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Kidokoro T, Kohmura Y, Fuku N, Someya Y, Suzuki K. Secular trends in the grip strength and body mass index of sport university students between 1973 and 2016: J-Fit +study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2019; 18:21-30. [PMID: 31641364 PMCID: PMC6796634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Objective Sport university students are a unique population because they usually have a strong sport background since early childhood. In this study, we aimed to examine secular trends in grip strength of male, first-year sport university students in comparison with the general population between 1973 and 2016. Methods Existing data on the grip strength of 6,308 sport university students aged 18 years were examined. The data were obtained from the Juntendo Fitness Plus Study, a study of the Department of Physical Education/Health and Sports Science of Juntendo University. For reference, age- and sex-matched data (18 years old, male) on the grip strength were obtained from a national database. Results Compared with the general population, the sport university students had greater body mass index and stronger grip strength at all times. Conclusions The grip strength of sport university students significantly declined between the 1980s and 1990s, and it has plateaued since 2000, albeit at low levels. Compared with the peak performance of sport university students in 1984, the grip strength of students in 2016 was significantly lower by 8.1 kg. The downward trends were also confirmed in the general population during the same periods. In conclusion, the grip strength of sport university students has significantly declined over the last few decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Kidokoro
- International Christian University, College of Arts & Science, 3-10-2, Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan.,Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Kohmura
- Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Juntendo University, Faculty of Health and Sports Science, 1-1 Hiraka-gakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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227
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Schott W, Aurino E, Penny ME, Behrman JR. The double burden of malnutrition among youth: Trajectories and inequalities in four emerging economies. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2019; 34:80-91. [PMID: 31248754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As part of the nutritional transition, undernutrition is globally declining while changes brought by economic development have ushered in increases in overweight and its related economic costs and health consequences around the world. We examine trajectories in stunting and overweight from age one year to mid-adolescence and from mid-childhood to early adulthood among two cohorts from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam using data from the Young Lives study. We examine descriptive data and then model trajectories in stunting and overweight status over age. Group-based trajectory analysis with five ages of overweight and stunting for each country-cohort reveals (1) trajectories of catch-up growth for a subset of study children between the ages of 12 and 19 in the older cohort in Ethiopia (20.1% of the cohort), India (20.5%), Peru (16.9%), and Vietnam (14.0%); (2) trajectories of increasing probabilities of stunting as children age from 12 to 22 in the older cohort in India (22.2%) and Peru (30.7%); (3) trajectories of early (childhood) increases in overweight probabilities (younger cohort: India, 3.4%, Peru, 19.4%, and Vietnam, 8.1%), and of later (adolescence) increases in overweight probabilities (older cohort: Ethiopia, 0.5%, India, 6.3%, Peru, 40.9%, and Vietnam, 9.4%). Multinomial logit prediction of membership in trajectory categories reveals that higher wealth quartiles and maternal schooling are protective against high stunting probability trajectory group membership, but higher wealth and urban residence predict high overweight probability trajectory group membership. This evidence suggests a window of opportunity for interventions to reduce stunting and to avert overweight development in adolescence, in addition to the often-emphasized first 1000 days after conception. A life-course approach to policies and programs to target both undernutrition and overweight should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Schott
- Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Elisabetta Aurino
- Department of Management and Centre for Health Economics and Policy Innovations, Imperial College London and Young Lives, University of Oxford, UK.
| | - Mary E Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Av. La Molina 1885, La Molina, Lima, Peru.
| | - Jere R Behrman
- Population Studies Center, 3718 Locust Walk, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Economics Department, Ronald O. Perelman Center for Political Science and Economics (PCPSE), 133 South 36th Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6297, USA.
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228
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Watanabe LP, Riddle NC. New opportunities: Drosophila as a model system for exercise research. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:482-490. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00394.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the growing rates of obesity in much of the world, exercise as a treatment option for obesity and as part of a healthy lifestyle is of great interest to the general public, health policy makers, and scientists alike. Despite the long history of exercise promotion and exercise research, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of how exercise impacts individuals and what role genetics plays in determining an individual’s response to exercise. Model organisms are positioned uniquely to help address these questions because of the challenges associated with carrying out large-scale, well-controlled studies in humans. The fruit fly model system, Drosophila melanogaster, has joined the models used for exercise research only recently but already has made significant contributions to the field. In this review, we highlight the opportunities for exercise research in Drosophila. We review the resources available to researchers interested in using Drosophila for exercise research, focusing on the existing systems to induce exercise in Drosophila, to measure the amount of exercise performed, and to assess physical fitness. We illustrate the potential of the Drosophila system by drawing attention to pioneering studies in Drosophila exercise research and emphasize the unique opportunities this model system represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis P. Watanabe
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nicole C. Riddle
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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229
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Nie P, Ding L, Sousa-Poza A. Decomposing adult obesity trends in China (1991-2011). ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2019; 34:5-15. [PMID: 30890408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, this study analyses two decades (1991-2011) of change in adult obesity in China with a focus on whether rising obesity rates result from all population cohorts becoming more obese across time (intra-cohort change) or recent cohorts being more obese than their earlier counterparts (inter-cohort change or cohort replacement). To do so, we decompose changes in the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), general obesity and abdominal obesity of adults aged 20+ using both Firebaugh's linear decomposition and Das Gupta's non-linear technique. Our analysis not only reveals significant increases in both general and abdominal obesity (8.1 and 32 percentage points, respectively) in the two decades studied but shows that the rising means in all four measures are mostly attributable to intra-cohort change. In fact, contrary to findings for the U.S., inter-cohort change for the Chinese sample is actually negative, implying that cohort replacement attenuates intra-cohort change over time. Given that intra-cohort change is the central force for the increase in BMI, WC and obesity with individual increases in obesity widely distributed across all cohorts and age groups over time, policy interventions should focus more broadly on all age groups and birth cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Nie
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China; Institute for Health Care & Public Management, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Lanlin Ding
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, China.
| | - Alfonso Sousa-Poza
- Institute for Health Care & Public Management, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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230
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Balancing methodological purity and social relevance: monitoring participant compliance in a behavioural RCT. BIOSOCIETIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1057/s41292-019-00163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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231
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Khan A, Uddin R, Lee EY, Tremblay MS. Sitting time among adolescents across 26 Asia-Pacific countries: a population-based study. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:1129-1138. [PMID: 31278435 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-019-01282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of sitting time (ST) and examine sex and age disparities in the prevalence among adolescents from Asia-Pacific countries. METHODS We used the Global School-based Student Health Survey data (n = 101,785) from 26 Asia-Pacific countries and computed the pooled prevalence of high ST (≥ 3 h/day) using random effect meta-analysis. We used logistic regression to examine sex and age disparities in the prevalence, and meta-regression to assess whether the prevalence was associated with common global indices. RESULTS The overall prevalence of ST was 29.9% (95% CI 24.1-35.8) with 29.8% (24.4-35.2) among male and 29.9% (23.4-36.3) female adolescents. Males had higher odds of high ST than females in seven countries, while females had higher odds in six countries. Older adolescents had higher prevalence than their younger counterparts. High ST was more common in high-income countries and was positively associated with country Human Development Index (β = 1.28, 95% CI 0.88-1.68). CONCLUSION Continued monitoring of adolescents' ST is warranted in this region to generate consistent and comparable surveillance data that can inform policies and actions for the health and well-being of the regional adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Therapies Annex, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Riaz Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Therapies Annex, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Active Healthy Kids Bangladesh (AHKBD), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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232
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Arocha Rodulfo JI. Sedentary lifestyle a disease from xxi century. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2019; 31:233-240. [PMID: 31221536 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Sedentarism and physical inactivity is highly prevalent globally, and are associated with a wide range of chronic diseases and premature deaths. The interest in sedentary behaviour is justified by a growing body of evidence that points to a relationship between this lifestyle and the increase in the prevalence of obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It has been known throughout history that being inactive is unhealthy, but nowadays almost one-third of the world's population is inactive, thus representing a major public health problem.
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233
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Secular Trends in Sedentary Behavior Among High School Students in the United States, 2003 to 2015. Am J Health Promot 2019; 33:1174-1181. [DOI: 10.1177/0890117119854043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate secular trends in recreational sedentary behavior among high school students in the United States between 2003 and 2015. Design: A series of cross-sectional assessments over a 12-year period. Setting: Data from the 2003 to 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used. Participants: Samples of 10 978 to 14 894 adolescents, drawn every 2 years: 2003 to 2015. Measures: The evaluated recreational self-reported sedentary behaviors included TV hours and computer hours that are not schoolwork. Results: For the entire sample, and using polynomial orthogonal coefficients via regression modeling, there was an upward linear trend for total sedentary behavior hours (β = 0.03; p = .001), a downward linear trend in TV watching (β = −0.06; p < .001), and an upward linear trend in computer use (β = 0.08; p < .001) from 2003 to 2015. Similar linear trends ( p < .001) were observed across several subpopulations, including the groups by gender, race/ethnicity, and body mass index. However, various subpopulations differed in TV watching, with black or African American, and obese adolescents having the highest TV watching hours, respectively (eg, 3.82 h/d vs 3.13 h/d in 2015; blacks vs whites; p < .05). Various subpopulations also differed in computer use, with obese adolescents (4.26 h/d in 2015) having the highest computer use. Conclusion: There were significant changes from 2003 to 2015 in sedentary behavior patterns in the US adolescent population. Total recreational sedentary behavior increased in this period. Specifically, TV viewing decreased while computer use increased. Continued monitoring of sedentary behavior trends is needed to better understand the changing behaviors of American adolescents and how they relate to changes chronic disease risk.
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234
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Behaviour has diverse economic, social and health consequences. Linking time spent in different daily activities to energy expenditure (EE) is one way of investigating the health and physiological consequences of behaviour and identifying targets to improve population health and well-being. METHODS We estimated behaviour-related EE for respondents to time use surveys (TUS) from three countries: UK 2001, Poland 2012 and US 2003-13. The Harmonised Multinational Time Use Survey (MTUS) activity categories were matched to MET estimates from the 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities. We attach METs values to each successive activity in the TUS, together with both the original UK, Polish and US activity classifications and the 68-category MTUS activity classification. We used TUS estimates of activity durations across 24-h to estimate the Physical Activity Level (PAL) for respondents from the three countries and the average time spent and MET values for different activity categories. RESULTS PAL values ranged from 1.59 in the US to 1.74 in Poland. The main sources of daily EE from PA were paid and unpaid work activities. Discretionary PA accounted for only a very small part (~ 3%) of adult daily energy expenditures. Using the harmonised MTUS 68-activity classification reduced the variability of the aggregate PAEE measure by ~ 20%, but the patterns of association between key demographics (age, sex, educational attainment) were unaffected. TUS data were further used to (1) identify sources of daily PA, and (2) assess adherence to physical activity guidelines (PAG) on a single-day basis. Estimated adherence levels were similar to those reported from other TUS as well as frequency based estimates. CONCLUSIONS Comparative studies of energy expenditure based on harmonised time use activity categories could provide insight into the relative importance of different activities for energy expenditure across different countries and demographic groups. However, new observational studies combining TUS data with accelerometer, direct observation and other measures of activity intensity are required for more accurate MET assignments to activity categories in TUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Harms
- Department of Social Science, Centre for Time Use Research, University College London, 55–59 Gordon Square, London, WCH 0NU UK
| | - David Berrigan
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jonathan Gershuny
- Department of Social Science, Centre for Time Use Research, University College London, 55–59 Gordon Square, London, WCH 0NU UK
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235
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Pereira LCR, Elliott SA, McCargar LJ, Bell RC, Vu K, Bell G, Robson PJ, Prado CM. The influence of energy metabolism on postpartum weight retention. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 109:1588-1599. [PMID: 31075789 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profiling postpartum energy metabolism may assist in optimizing weight management following childbirth. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to profile total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), exercise energy expenditure, sleep energy expenditure, and respiratory quotient in women at 3 and 9 mo postpartum (3M-PP, 9M-PP, respectively), and to examine the association between energy metabolism and postpartum weight retention (PPWR). METHODS In this cohort study, 1-h REE (measured in a whole body calorimetry unit, WBCU) and body composition (BC, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) were measured at 3M-PP and 9M-PP (n = 49). Cardiorespiratory fitness [measured by the predicted maximal volume of oxygen consumption (p$\dot{V}$O2 max), n = 47] and 24-h TEE (WBCU, n = 43) were assessed only at 9M-PP. Women were stratified as high (>4.8 kg) or low (≤ 4.8 kg) weight retainers. Two-way mixed repeated-measures ANOVA and longitudinal regression models were applied. Linear regression was used to generate an equation at 3M-PP from the BC data, to predict the REE at 9M-PP. RESULTS The fat mass at 3M-PP was positively associated with PPWR at 3M-PP (mean ± SE β: 0.09 ± 0.03; P = 0.005) and 9M-PP (β: 0.11 ± 0.04; P = 0.008), and negatively associated with REE at 3M-PP (β: -0.16 ± 0.02; P < 0.001) and TEE at 9M-PP (β: -0.15 ± 0.03; P < 0.001). REE was negatively associated with PPWR (β: -0.74; 95% CI: -1.29, -0.19; P = 0.0087). REE was 2 kcal/kg higher in low- vs. high-retainers at 3M-PP, and REE and TEE were both 4 kcal/kg higher in low- vs. high-retainers at 9M-PP. Low-retainers demonstrated an increase in REE greater than expected for changes in BC. PPWR was negatively associated with TEE (β: -0.08 ± 0.02; P = 0.0009) and p$\dot{V}$O2 max (β: -0.02 ± 0.01; P = 0.047); p$\dot{V}$O2 max was 7 mL · kg-1 · min-1 higher in low- vs. high-retainers (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Energy metabolism, BC, and cardiorespiratory fitness may be associated with weight regulation and its trajectory during the postpartum period. This provides the foundation for future strategies to promote appropriate postpartum weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia C R Pereira
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
| | - Sarah A Elliott
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
| | - Linda J McCargar
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
| | - Rhonda C Bell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
| | - Khanh Vu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta
| | - Gordon Bell
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta
| | - Paula J Robson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta.,CancerControl Alberta, Alberta Health Services
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta
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236
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Dempsey PC, Larsen RN, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Kingwell BA. Sitting Less and Moving More: Implications for Hypertension. Hypertension 2019; 72:1037-1046. [PMID: 30354827 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.).,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, United Kingdom (P.C.D.).,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., N.O.)
| | - Robyn N Larsen
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.)
| | - David W Dunstan
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.).,Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria (D.W.D.)
| | - Neville Owen
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.).,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., N.O.)
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- From the Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (P.C.D., R.N.L., D.W.D., N.O., B.A.K.)
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237
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Wallmann-Sperlich B, Hoffmann S, Salditt A, Bipp T, Froboese I. Moving to an "Active" Biophilic Designed Office Workplace: A Pilot Study about the Effects on Sitting Time and Sitting Habits of Office-Based Workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091559. [PMID: 31060203 PMCID: PMC6539275 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Promising initial insights show that offices designed to permit physical activity (PA) may reduce workplace sitting time. Biophilic approaches are intended to introduce natural surroundings into the workplace, and preliminary data show positive effects on stress reduction and elevated productivity within the workplace. The primary aim of this pilot study was to analyze changes in workplace sitting time and self-reported habit strength concerning uninterrupted sitting and PA during work, when relocating from a traditional office setting to “active” biophilic-designed surroundings. The secondary aim was to assess possible changes in work-associated factors such as satisfaction with the office environment, work engagement, and work performance, among office staff. In a pre-post designed field study, we collected data through an online survey on health behavior at work. Twelve participants completed the survey before (one-month pre-relocation, T1) and twice after the office relocation (three months (T2) and seven months post-relocation (T3)). Standing time per day during office hours increased from T1 to T3 by about 40 min per day (p < 0.01). Other outcomes remained unaltered. The results suggest that changing office surroundings to an active-permissive biophilic design increased standing time during working hours. Future larger-scale controlled studies are warranted to investigate the influence of office design on sitting time and work-associated factors during working hours in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sophie Hoffmann
- Institute for Sports Science, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, 97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Anne Salditt
- Interface Deutschland GmbH, Krefeld, 47803 Krefeld, Germany.
| | - Tanja Bipp
- Work, Industrial, and Organizational Psychology, Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Froboese
- Institute of Health Promotion and Clinical Movement Science, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults. Nature 2019; 569:260-264. [PMID: 31068725 PMCID: PMC6784868 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3-6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
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239
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Report Card Grades on the Physical Activity of Children and Youth From 10 Countries With High Human Development Index: Global Matrix 3.0. J Phys Act Health 2019; 15:S284-S297. [PMID: 30475136 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Global Matrix 3.0 brings together the Report Card grades for 10 physical activity indicators for children and youth from 49 countries. This study describes and compares the Global Matrix 3.0 findings among 10 countries with high Human Development Index. METHODS Report Cards on physical activity indicators were developed by each country following a harmonized process. Countries informed their Report Cards with the best and most recent evidence available. Indicators were graded using a common grading rubric and benchmarks established by the Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. A database of grades from the countries was compiled, and letter grades were converted to numerical equivalents. Descriptive statistics and scores for groups of indicators were calculated, and correlation analyses were conducted. RESULTS Grades for the 10 countries clustered around "D" ranging from "F" to "B+." Active Transportation had the highest average grade ("C"), whereas Overall Physical Activity had the lowest average grade ("D-"). Low grades were observed for both behavioral and sources of influence indicators. CONCLUSIONS In the context of social and economical changes of high- Human Development Index countries, urgent actions to increase physical activity among children and youth are required. Surveillance and monitoring efforts are required to fill research gaps.
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240
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Liangruenrom N, Craike M, Biddle SJH, Suttikasem K, Pedisic Z. Correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the Thai population: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:414. [PMID: 30991973 PMCID: PMC6469108 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the importance of knowing the potential impediments and enablers for physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in a specific population, the aim of this study was to systematically review and summarise evidence on individual, social, environmental, and policy correlates of PA and SB in the Thai population. METHODS A systematic review of articles written in Thai and English was conducted. Studies that reported at least one correlate for PA and/or SB in a healthy Thai population were selected independently by two authors. Data on 21 variables were extracted. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 25,007 records were screened and 167 studies were included. The studies reported associations with PA for a total of 261 variables, mostly for adults and older adults. For most of the variables, evidence was available from a limited number of studies. Consistent evidence was found for individual-level and social correlates of PA in children/adolescents and adults and for individual-level correlates of PA in older adults. Self-efficacy and perceived barriers were consistently associated with PA in all age groups. Other consistently identified individual-level correlates in adults and older adults included self-rated general health, mental health, perceived benefits, and attitudes towards PA. Consistent evidence was also found for social correlates of PA in adults, including social support, interpersonal influences, parent/family influences, and information support. The influence of friendship/companionship was identified as a correlate of PA only in children/adolescents. A limited number of studies examined SB correlates, especially in older adults. The studies reported associations with SB for a total of 41 variables. Consistent evidence of association with SB was only found for obesity in adults. Some evidence suggests that male adults engage more in SB than females. CONCLUSIONS More Thai studies are needed on (i) PA correlates, particularly among children/adolescents, and that focus on environment- and policy-related factors and (ii) SB correlates, particularly among older adults. Researchers are also encouraged to conduct longitudinal studies to provide evidence on prospective and causal relationships, and subject to feasibility, use device-based measures of PA and SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nucharapon Liangruenrom
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
- 0000 0004 1937 0490grid.10223.32Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Melinda Craike
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
| | - Stuart J. H. Biddle
- 0000 0004 0473 0844grid.1048.dInstitute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Education City, 37 Sinnathamby Boulevard, Springfield Central, QLD 4300 Australia
| | - Kanyapat Suttikasem
- 0000 0004 1937 0490grid.10223.32Institute for Population and Social Research, Mahidol University, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Road, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170 Thailand
| | - Zeljko Pedisic
- 0000 0001 0396 9544grid.1019.9Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
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van Oostrom SH, Slobbe LCJ, van den Berg SW, Verschuren WMM, Picavet HSJ. Do generations differ in sports participation and physical activity over the life course? Evidence from multiple datasets. Eur J Sport Sci 2019; 19:1395-1403. [PMID: 30978151 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2019.1600587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Generational differences in health-related factors will affect forecasts of future disease patterns and health care needs. We studied whether participation in sports activity and being physically active are different between 10-year generations over a part of their life course. We used three different datasets on Dutch adults: a cohort study running for 20 years, the Doetinchem Cohort Study (DCS), multiple yearly databases (2001-2015) from the Netherlands health interview study (HIS), and a retrospective cohort study on life time sports careers, the Sports Participation Monitor (SPM). Based on a different questionnaire in each study, frequencies of weekly sport participation and being physically active according to recommended levels were determined by generation and sex. All data sets showed that self-reported sport participation has been increasing with every 10-year generation already for many decades. Especially for those generations born in the 1930s up to the 1960s, sport participation is higher compared to their predecessors. For instance at age 50, 43% of those born in the 1940s engaged in sports activities compared to 55% of those born in the 1950s (DCS data). Physical activity according to recommended levels showed no systematic differences by generation. In conclusion, favourable generation-specific trends in participation in sports activities are found: recent generations are doing better than the older generations. It is unclear whether this also reflects higher levels of physical activity or lower levels of inactivity. Future research may reveal whether these developments also hold for other countries, and whether these developments continue for the younger generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra H van Oostrom
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
| | - Lany C J Slobbe
- Centre for Health and Society, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
| | - Saskia W van den Berg
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
| | - W M Monique Verschuren
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
| | - H Susan J Picavet
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment , Bilthoven , Netherlands
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Francesconi C, Niebauer J, Haber P, Weitgasser R, Lackinger C. Lebensstil: körperliche Aktivität und Training in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus (Update 2019). Wien Klin Wochenschr 2019; 131:61-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-019-1457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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243
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Al Tunaiji H, Davis JC, Mansournia MA, Khan KM. Population attributable fraction of leading non-communicable cardiovascular diseases due to leisure-time physical inactivity: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000512. [PMID: 31191969 PMCID: PMC6539142 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the methods used for estimating the population attributable fraction (PAF) to leisure-time physical inactivity (PI) of coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke in order to provide the best available estimate for PAF. Design Systematic review. Data sources Four electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched from inception to August 2018. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies This review included prospective cohort studies, with men and women aged ≥18 years old, investigating the PAF attributable to leisure-time PI related to coronary artery diseases, hypertension and stroke. Results The PAF estimates of the three studies included were 13% (3%–22%) for ‘stage-1 hypertension’ subtype incidence due to ‘non-regular exercise’; 25% (10.4%–35.8%) for ‘stage-2 hypertension’ subtype incidence due to ‘activity of daily living’ and ‘vigorous-intensity sports’; and 8.5% (1.7%–16.7%) for ‘total: fatal and non-fatal’ cardiovascular events of ‘incidence and mortality’ endpoints due to non-accumulation of 550 kcal/week (subsets not specified). Conclusions The PAF estimate exhibited a protective dose–response relationship between hypertension and an increased amount of energy expenditure of leisure-time PI. In order to enhance accuracy of PAF estimates, the following steps are recommended: (1) to clearly define and state the working definition of leisure-time PI and dose using a reliable and valid objective measurement tool; (2) use a clear definition of outcome subtypes and endpoints using reliable and valid objective measures; and (3) estimate PAF using modelling techniques based on prospective data and ensuring to report 95% CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashel Al Tunaiji
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Sport Medicine & Sciences Unit, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jennifer C Davis
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Karim M Khan
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute (VCHRI), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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244
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Prince SA, Elliott CG, Scott K, Visintini S, Reed JL. Device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic health and fitness across occupational groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:30. [PMID: 30940176 PMCID: PMC6444868 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With approximately 8 hours of one's waking day spent at work, occupational tasks and environments are important influencers on an individual's physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours. Little research has compared device-measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic outcomes between occupational groups. OBJECTIVE To compare device-measured movement (sedentary time [ST], light intensity physical activity [LPA], moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity [MVPA], and steps) across occupations. The secondary objective was to examine whether cardiometabolic and fitness outcomes differed by occupation. METHODS Five bibliographic databases were searched to identify all studies which included working age, employed adults from high-income countries, and reported on device-measured movement within occupations. Risk of bias within and across studies was assessed. Results were synthesized using meta-analyses and narrative syntheses. RESULTS The review includes 132 unique studies with data from 15,619 participants. Working adults spent ~ 60% of their working and waking time engaged in sedentary behaviour; a very small proportion (~ 4%) of the day included MVPA. On average, workers accumulated 8124 steps/day. Office and call center workers' steps/day were among the lowest, while those of postal delivery workers were highest. Office workers had the greatest ST and the lowest time in LPA both at work and during wakeful time. However, office workers had the greatest minutes sent in MVPA during wakeful hours. Laborers had the lowest ST and spent a significantly greater proportion of their work time in LPA and MVPA. Healthcare and protective services workers had higher levels of LPA at work compared to other occupations. Workers in driving-based occupations tended to have a higher body mass index and blood pressure. CONCLUSION This review identifies that occupational and wakeful time PA and ST differed between occupations. Future studies are needed to assess whether patterns differ by age and sex, describe leisure-time movement and movement patterns, and the relationship with cardiometabolic health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017070448 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Prince
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Cara G. Elliott
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
| | - Kyle Scott
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Visintini
- Berkman Library, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Reed
- Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 4W7 Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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245
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Mackenbach JD, de Groot R, Lakerveld J, De Cocker K, Cardon G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Compernolle S. What factors explain socioeconomic inequalities in adults' television-related sitting time? Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:248-254. [PMID: 30169565 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are considerable socioeconomic inequalities in television-related sitting time, but there is little evidence for the explanatory mechanisms. We used a cohort of Belgian adults (25-60 years) and older adults (≥65 years) to examine the social cognitive, home environmental and health-related factors contributing to socioeconomic differences in television-related sitting. METHODS We included 301 adults and 258 older adults (total n = 559). Linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations of education and occupational status with television-related sitting time, adjusted for age and gender. We assessed the explanatory power of social cognitive, home environmental and health-related factors using the traditional 'change-in-estimation method'. RESULTS Those with low and medium education, respectively, engaged in 54 and 28 minutes per day more television-related sitting time than those with high education. We found no association between occupational status and television-related sitting time. Social cognitive factors explained 54% of the difference in television-related sitting time between those with low and high education, while home environmental factors only explained 6%, and health-related variables explained 10% of these differences. CONCLUSION We found no occupational inequalities in television-related sitting time. Social cognitive variables such as attitude and modelling of the partner explained a large part of the educational inequalities in television-related sitting time. If confirmed by future studies, a focus on social cognition may help reduce sedentary behaviours in low-educated adults and diminish inequalities in sedentary behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joreintje D Mackenbach
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa de Groot
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Donorstudies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Physically Active Lifestyles Research Group (USQ PALs), Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, Australia
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Sofie Compernolle
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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246
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Blackler A, Desai S, Swann L, Chamorro-Koc M, Moyle G, Stephens M. Using technology to enhance and encourage dance-based exercise. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01241. [PMID: 30899823 PMCID: PMC6407087 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of Self-Service Technologies (SSTs) in dance-based exercise in order to begin exploring the motivations behind the use (or not) of SSTs by ordinary men and women in this context. The research approach employed interviews to gain insights into participants' use of SSTs and their exercise practices, in order to start establishing ways in which dance can be re/incorporated into people's lives through the design of appropriate SSTs. Findings from this study highlight the significant opportunity to further explore how the properties of music and dance can be integrated into the design of new SSTs. Literature suggests dance could be a beneficial exercise format for many people and self-service technology abounds for exercise but is often not used consistently. Our interviews asked participants about dance-based exercise and SSTs for exercise and showed that there is an opportunity to design SSTs to help people access dance-based exercise. SSTs should help people learn dance, build confidence, and dance alone or with others. SSTs could facilitate movement and increase engagement with physical activity whilst addressing issues around logistics, confidence and dance knowledge and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shital Desai
- AGE-WELL, Inclusive Media and Design Centre - Ryerson University - Ted Rogers School of Management, Canada
| | - Levi Swann
- Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - Gene Moyle
- Queensland University of Technology, Australia
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247
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Long-Term Health Outcomes Associated With an Exercise Referral Scheme: An Observational Longitudinal Follow-Up Study. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:288-293. [PMID: 30892972 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise referral schemes (ERSs) support inactive adults, who have chronic health conditions, to become physically active. Uncertainty exists regarding the effectiveness of ERSs, with few studies evaluating their long-term impact. The aims of this study were to evaluate the long-term impact (12 mo) of participation in an ERS on self-reported physical activity (PA) and a range of health-related outcomes. METHODS Data were analyzed for participants of a 24-week ERS who attended a week 52 follow-up between July 2015 and 2017. PA and health-related outcomes collected at weeks 1, 24, and 52 were analyzed using the Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test. RESULTS A total of 273 participants attended the week 52 follow-up. Self-reported PA significantly increased by a median of 636 MET minutes at week 52. There were also significant improvements in body mass index, systolic blood pressure, mental well-being, and health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS For every 8 participants referred to this 24-week ERS, 1 participant went on to show long-term improvements in at least 1 health indicator. The evidence base requires further long-term evaluations to confirm these findings across a range of ERS providers. Changes in self-reported PA would be supported by the inclusion of device-based measurment of PA.
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248
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Genin P, Beaujouan J, Thivel D, Duclos M. Is workplace an appropriate setting for the promotion of physical activity? A new framework for worksite interventions among employees. Work 2019; 62:421-426. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-192873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Genin
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Clermont, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J. Beaujouan
- Université Clermont Auvergne, ACTé, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D. Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M. Duclos
- CRNH-Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- INRA, UMR, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- University Clermont, UFR Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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249
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Pan XB, Wang HJ, Zhang B, Liu YL, Qi SF, Tian QB. Plain Water Intake and Association With the Risk of Overweight in the Chinese Adult Population: China Health and Nutrition Survey 2006-2011. J Epidemiol 2019; 30:128-135. [PMID: 30880306 PMCID: PMC7025921 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20180223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of overweight is increasing dramatically worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of plain water intake (PWI) with the risk of new-onset overweight risk among Chinese adults. Methods A total of 3,200 adults aged 18–65 who were free of overweight at baseline were enrolled from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study in 2006–2011. The risk of new-onset overweight with different amounts of PWI per day was analyzed in this 5-year cohort. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association of PWI and the risk of new-onset overweight and adjust for potential confounders. Moreover, dose-response models were developed to estimate the linear relationship. Results During 5 years of follow-up, 1,018 incident cases were identified. Our analysis indicated an inverse association of more than 4 cups of PWI per day and the risk of new-onset overweight among normal weight individuals. Compared with participants who drank 2 to 3 cups PWI, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of overweight were 0.741 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.599–0.916) in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI, and 0.547 (95% CI, 0.435–0.687) in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI. The dose-response analysis showed that every cup of PWI was associated with a 6.5% and 8.4% decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among men and women, respectively. The interactions of PWI and covariates on the risk of overweight were not found. Conclusion Drinking more than 4 cups (≈1 liter) per day of plain water is associated with decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- National Institutes for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Institutes for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Ying-Li Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University
| | - Su-Fen Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University
| | - Qing-Bao Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University
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Blond MB, Rosenkilde M, Gram AS, Tindborg M, Christensen AN, Quist JS, Stallknecht BM. How does 6 months of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise affect insulin sensitivity, cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal fat? A randomised controlled trial in individuals with overweight and obesity. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:1183-1192. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes).Methods188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with overweight or class 1 obesity were recruited. In the 6-month trial, 130 participants were randomised to either: no intervention (CON), active commuting (BIKE) or leisure-time exercise of moderate (MOD, 50% VO2peak) or vigorous (VIG, 70% VO2peak) intensity. 100 completed follow-up testing. Exercise prescription was 5 days/week with a weekly exercise energy expenditure of 1600 kcal for women and 2100 kcal for men. Testing was performed at baseline, 3 months and 6 months.ResultsPeripheral insulin sensitivity (ml/min/pmol insulin/L) increased (improved) by 24% (95% CI 6% to 46%, p=0.01) in VIG compared with CON at 3 months. Peripheral insulin sensitivity increased (improved) by 20% in BIKE (95% CI 1% to 43%, p=0.04) and 26% in VIG (95% CI 7% to 47%, p<0.01) compared with CON at 6 months. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased in all exercise groups compared with CON at 6 months; but the increase was higher in those that undertook vigorous exercise than those who did moderate exercise. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass diminished across all exercise groups in comparison to CON at 6 months.ConclusionsActive bike commuting improved cardiometabolic health; as did leisure-time exercise. Leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity conferred more rapid effects on peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as additional effects on cardiorespiratory fitness than did moderate intensity exercise.Trial registrationNCT01962259
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