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Roose S, Vande Velde F, Vlaminck J, Geldhof P, Levecke B. Serological diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminth (Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm) infections: A scoping review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012049. [PMID: 38574166 PMCID: PMC10994556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization emphasizes the importance of integrated monitoring and evaluation in neglected tropical disease (NTD) control programs. Serological assays offer a potential solution for integrated diagnosis of NTDs, particularly for those requiring mass drug administration (MDA) as primary control and elimination strategy. This scoping review aims (i) to provide an overview of assays using serum or plasma to detect infections with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) in both humans and animals, (ii) to examine the methodologies used in this research field and (iii) to discuss advancements in serological diagnosis of STHs to guide prevention and control programs in veterinary and human medicine. METHODOLOGY We conducted a systematic search in the Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases, supplemented by a Google search using predefined keywords to identify commercially available serological assays. Additionally, we performed a patent search through Espacenet. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We identified 85 relevant literature records spanning over 50 years, with a notable increased interest in serological assay development in recent years. Most of the research efforts concentrated on diagnosing Ascaris infections in both humans and pigs, primarily using ELISA and western blot technologies. Almost all records targeted antibodies as analytes, employing proteins and peptides as analyte detection agents. Approximately 60% of sample sets described pertained to human samples. No commercially available tests for Trichuris or hookworms were identified, while for Ascaris, there are at least seven different ELISAs on the market. CONCLUSIONS While a substantial number of assays are employed in epidemiological research, the current state of serological diagnosis for guiding STH prevention and control programs is limited. Only two assays designed for pigs are used to inform efficient deworming practices in pig populations. Regarding human diagnosis, none of the existing assays has undergone extensive large-scale validation or integration into routine diagnostics for MDA programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Roose
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fiona Vande Velde
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Johnny Vlaminck
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Geldhof
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bruno Levecke
- Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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202
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Jia B, Xiang D, Yang H, Liang J, Lv C, Yang Q, Huang X, Quan G, Wu G. Transcriptome analysis of porcine embryos derived from oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle stage. Theriogenology 2024; 218:99-110. [PMID: 38316086 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitrification of porcine immature oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage reduces subsequent embryo yield and changes at the molecular level may occur during embryonic development. Therefore, the present study used porcine parthenogenetic embryos as a model to investigate the effect of GV oocyte vitrification on the transcriptional profiles of the resultant embryos at the 4-cell and blastocyst stages using the Smart-seq2 RNA-seq technique. We identified 743 (420 up-regulated and 323 down-regulated) and 994 (554 up-regulated and 440 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from 4-cell embryos and blastocysts derived from vitrified GV oocytes, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs in 4-cell embryos showed that vitrification of GV oocytes influenced regulatory mechanisms related to transcription regulation, apoptotic process, metabolism and key pathways such as the MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, DEGs in blastocysts produced from vitrified GV oocytes were enriched in critical biological functions including cell adhesion, cell migration, AMPK signaling pathway, GnRH signaling pathway and so on. In addition, the transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real-time PCR results were consistent. In summary, the present study revealed that the vitrification of porcine GV oocytes could alter gene expression patterns during subsequent embryonic developmental stages, potentially affecting their developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Decai Xiang
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Han Yang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Jiachong Liang
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Chunrong Lv
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Qige Yang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- Key Laboratory for Porcine Gene Editing and Xenotransplantation in Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Guobo Quan
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
| | - Guoquan Wu
- National Regional Genebank (Yunnan) of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Enhancement, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650224, China.
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203
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Bushra A, Rokon-Uz-Zaman M, Rahman AS, Runa MA, Tasnuva S, Peya SS, Parvin MS, Islam MT. Biosecurity, health and disease management practices among the dairy farms in five districts of Bangladesh. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106142. [PMID: 38364460 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Herd health management is a planned program to optimize health, welfare, and production of dairy cows. A cross-sectional study focused on herd health management of dairy farms, was carried out to assess the biosecurity, health, and disease management practices with associated socio-demographic factors. A structured questionnaire with closed- and open-ended questions was employed for farmers' interviews to acquire information on dairy farms. Data were collected from randomly selected 205 dairy farms in five districts (Dhaka-Savar, Mymensingh, Gazipur, Rangpur, and Sirajganj) of Bangladesh. Overall, 1.5% farms had "good", 17% had "moderate" and 81.5% had "poor" levels of biosecurity, health and disease management practices (BHDMP). Analysis of variance revealed that mean BHDMP scores were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in farms of Rangpur (27.6 ± 0.8) and Gazipur (26.7 ± 0.6) than those of the other three districts. Educational status had a significant effect on BHDMP scores. The farms owned by graduated farmers had the highest mean BHDMP score (30.4 ± 1.1) while the farms operated by illiterate farmers had the lowest BHDMP score (20.4 ± 0.4). Multiple linear regression analysis also revealed that educational status (secondary to post-graduation), training experience, area of study (Rangpur district), and herd size were significantly associated with BHDMP score of the farms. The findings lay a basis for improving dairy farms' biosecurity, health and disease management practices, which further envisage the adoption and implementation of herd health management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anica Bushra
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rokon-Uz-Zaman
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | | | - Monika Akter Runa
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sadia Tasnuva
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samia Sharmin Peya
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Sonia Parvin
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Taohidul Islam
- Population Medicine and AMR Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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204
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Hernández-García PA, Orzuna-Orzuna JF, Godina-Rodríguez JE, Chay-Canul AJ, Silva GV. A meta-analysis of essential oils as a dietary additive for weaned piglets: Growth performance, antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal morphology. Res Vet Sci 2024; 170:105181. [PMID: 38359649 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with EOS on growth performance, blood serum antioxidant status, immune response, and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets using a meta-analytical approach. The database included 31 studies from which the response variables of interest were obtained. All data were analyzed using a random effects model, and results were expressed as weighted mean differences between treatments supplemented with and without EOS. EOS supplementation increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and final body weight and decreased (P < 0.001) feed conversion ratio and diarrhea incidence. Lower (P = 0.001) serum malondialdehyde content and higher (P < 0.05) serum concentrations of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity were observed in response to the dietary inclusion of EOS. EOS supplementation increased (P < 0.001) the serum concentration of immunoglobulins A, G, and M and decreased (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. Greater (P ≤ 0.001) villus height (VH) was observed in the jejunum and ileum in response to the dietary inclusion of EOS. However, EOS supplementation did not affect (P > 0.05) crypt depth (CD) and decreased (P < 0.001) the VH/CD ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In conclusion, essential oils can be used as a dietary additive to improve growth performance and reduce the incidence of diarrhea in weaned piglets and, at the same time, improve the antioxidant status in blood serum, immune response, and intestinal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Eduardo Godina-Rodríguez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Uruapan, Av. Latinoamérica 1001, Uruapan, Michoacán C.P. 60150, Mexico
| | | | - Gabriela Vázquez Silva
- Departamento El Hombre y su Ambiente, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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205
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Robi DT, Bogale A, Temteme S, Aleme M, Urge B. Adoption of veterinary vaccines, determining factors, and barriers in Southwest Ethiopia: Implications for livestock health and disease management strategies. Prev Vet Med 2024; 225:106143. [PMID: 38387228 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In Ethiopia, the use of veterinary vaccines to control animal diseases is an effective strategy. A study conducted in Southwest Ethiopia from October 2020 to October 2021 aimed to determine the adoption level of veterinary vaccines and factors affecting their use. The study used multistage random sampling to select districts and interviewed 476 farmers who had either adopted or not adopted the vaccines. The study found that certain diseases should be prioritized for vaccination to safeguard the health of cattle, sheep, goats, and poultry. These include anthrax (19.12 %), blackleg (17.65 %), foot and mouth disease (10.50 %), and lumpy skin disease (8.82 %) in cattle, and pasteurellosis (18.07 %), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (15.97 %), peste des petits ruminants (14.15 %), and Orf (13.45 %) in sheep and goats. Newcastle disease (21.85 %), infectious bursal disease (19.33 %), and coccidiosis (17.02 %) were identified as high-priority diseases for flock health. Overall, 30.7 % of farmers were adopters of veterinary vaccines, while 69.3 % were non-adopters. The study identified several factors that influence the likelihood of adopting veterinary vaccines, including breed type (OR = 9.1, p < 0.0001), production size (OR = 9.7, p < 0.0001), production type (OR = 2.7, p < 0.0001), and farm location (OR = 9.8, p = 0.001). Common barriers to vaccination included a lack of disease knowledge, high vaccine costs, limited vaccine availability, and administration difficulties. Insights from the study can guide strategies for promoting veterinary vaccine adoption in Ethiopia. Stakeholders should pay attention to these findings since vaccine use is crucial for controlling animal diseases, enhancing animal health, and preventing economic losses. Further research is needed to investigate factors affecting enhanced veterinary vaccine adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Tulu Robi
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia.
| | - Ararsa Bogale
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 2003, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Shiferaw Temteme
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Melkam Aleme
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Tepi Agricultural Research Center, P.O Box: 34, Tepi, Ethiopia
| | - Beksisa Urge
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holeta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 2003, Holeta, Ethiopia
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206
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Băieş MH, Cotuţiu VD, Spînu M, Mathe A, Cozma-Petruț A, Bolboacǎ SD, Engberg RM, Collin A, Cozma V. In vivo assessment of the antiparasitic effects of Allium sativum L. and Artemisia absinthium L. against gastrointestinal parasites in swine from low-input farms. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:126. [PMID: 38561770 PMCID: PMC10983701 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethno-veterinary practices could be used as a sustainable developmental tool by integrating traditional phytotherapy and husbandry. Phytotherapeutics are available and used worldwide. However, evidence of their antiparasitic efficacy is currently very limited. Parasitic diseases have a considerable effect on pig production, causing economic losses due to high morbidity and mortality. In this respect, especially smallholders and organic producers face severe challenges. Parasites, as disease causing agents, often outcompete other pathogens in such extensive production systems. A total of 720 faecal samples were collected in two farms from three age categories, i.e. weaners, fatteners, and sows. Flotation (Willis and McMaster method), modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained faecal smear, centrifugal sedimentation, modified Blagg technique, and faecal cultures were used to identify parasites and quantify the parasitic load. RESULTS The examination confirmed the presence of infections with Eimeria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Balantioides coli (syn. Balantidium coli), Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum spp., Strongyloides ransomi, and Trichuris suis, distributed based on age category. A dose of 180 mg/kg bw/day of Allium sativum L. and 90 mg/kg bw/day of Artemisia absinthium L. powders, administered for 10 consecutive days, revealed a strong, taxonomy-based antiprotozoal and anthelmintic activity. CONCLUSIONS The results highlighted the therapeutic potential of both A. sativum and A. absinthium against gastrointestinal parasites in pigs. Their therapeutic effectiveness may be attributed to the content in polyphenols, tocopherols, flavonoids, sterols, sesquiterpene lactones, and sulfoxide. Further research is required to establish the minimal effective dose of both plants against digestive parasites in pigs.
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Grants
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- N°816172 European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, PPILOW project
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai-Horia Băieş
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad-Dan Cotuţiu
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marina Spînu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Mathe
- Agricultural Research and Development Station of Turda, 27 Agriculturii Street, 401100, Turda, Romania
| | - Anamaria Cozma-Petruț
- Department of Bromatology, Hygiene, Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Sorana D Bolboacǎ
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Louis Pasteur Street, 400349, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ricarda Margaret Engberg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, 20 Blichers Allé, 8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Anne Collin
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vasile Cozma
- Department of Parasitology and Parasitic Disease, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mǎnǎştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Gheorghe Ionescu-Siseşti (A.S.A.S), 61 Mǎrǎşti Boulevard, 011464, Bucharest, Romania
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207
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Wang L, Li D. - Invited Review - Current status, challenges and prospects for pig production in Asia. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:742-754. [PMID: 38419542 PMCID: PMC11016695 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Asia is not only the primary region for global pig production but also the largest consumer of pork worldwide. Although the pig production in Asia has made great progress in the past, it still is confronted with numerous challenges. These challenges include: inadequate land and feed resources, a substantial number of small-scale pig farms, escalating pressure to ensure environmental conservation, control of devastating infectious diseases, as well as coping with high temperatures and high humidity. To solve these problems, important investments of human and financial capital are required to promote large-scale production systems, exploit alternative feed resources, implement precision feeding, and focus on preventive medicine and vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics, improve pig breeding, and increase manure recycling. Implementation of these techniques and management practices will facilitate development of more environmentally-friendly and economically sustainable pig production systems in Asia, ultimately providing consumers with healthy pork products around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193,
China
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208
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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic epidemiology in Streptococcus suis: Moving beyond traditional typing techniques. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27818. [PMID: 38509941 PMCID: PMC10951601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive infections in swine and is also a zoonotic disease agent. Traditional molecular typing techniques such as ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA have been used to investigate S. suis population structure, evolution, and genetic relationships and support epidemiological and virulence investigations. However, these traditional typing techniques do not fully reveal the genetically heterogeneous nature of S. suis strains. The high-resolution provided by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is now more affordable and more commonly available in research and clinical settings, has unlocked the exploration of S. suis genetics at full resolution, permitting the determination of population structure, genetic diversity, identification of virulent clades, genetic markers, and other bacterial features of interest. This approach will likely become the new gold standard for S. suis strain typing as WGS instruments become more widely available and traditional typing techniques are gradually replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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209
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Mluba HS, Atif O, Lee J, Park D, Chung Y. Pattern Mining-Based Pig Behavior Analysis for Health and Welfare Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2185. [PMID: 38610396 PMCID: PMC11013991 DOI: 10.3390/s24072185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The increasing popularity of pigs has prompted farmers to increase pig production to meet the growing demand. However, while the number of pigs is increasing, that of farm workers has been declining, making it challenging to perform various farm tasks, the most important among them being managing the pigs' health and welfare. This study proposes a pattern mining-based pig behavior analysis system to provide visualized information and behavioral patterns, assisting farmers in effectively monitoring and assessing pigs' health and welfare. The system consists of four modules: (1) data acquisition module for collecting pigs video; (2) detection and tracking module for localizing and uniquely identifying pigs, using tracking information to crop pig images; (3) pig behavior recognition module for recognizing pig behaviors from sequences of cropped images; and (4) pig behavior analysis module for providing visualized information and behavioral patterns to effectively help farmers understand and manage pigs. In the second module, we utilize ByteTrack, which comprises YOLOx as the detector and the BYTE algorithm as the tracker, while MnasNet and LSTM serve as appearance features and temporal information extractors in the third module. The experimental results show that the system achieved a multi-object tracking accuracy of 0.971 for tracking and an F1 score of 0.931 for behavior recognition, while also highlighting the effectiveness of visualization and pattern mining in helping farmers comprehend and manage pigs' health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Seif Mluba
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea; (H.S.M.); (O.A.)
| | - Othmane Atif
- Department of Computer and Information Science, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea; (H.S.M.); (O.A.)
| | - Jonguk Lee
- Department of Computer Convergence Software, Sejong Campus, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Daihee Park
- Department of Computer Convergence Software, Sejong Campus, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yongwha Chung
- Department of Computer Convergence Software, Sejong Campus, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea;
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210
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Carvajal A, Kramer M, Argüello H. Salmonella Control in Swine: A Thoughtful Discussion of the Pre- and Post-Harvest Control Approaches in Industrialized Countries. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1035. [PMID: 38612274 PMCID: PMC11010990 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pork is among the major sources of human salmonellosis in developed countries. Since the 1990s, different surveys and cross-sectional studies, both national and international (i.e., the baseline studies performed in the European Union), have revealed and confirmed the widespread non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes in pigs. A number of countries have implemented control programs with different approaches and degrees of success. The efforts could be implemented either at farms, in post-harvest stages, or both. The current review revises the current state of the art in Salmonella in swine, the control programs ongoing or conducted in the past, and their strengths and failures, with particular attention to the weight of pre- and post-harvest control and the implications that both have for the success of interventions or mitigation after outbreaks. This review provides a novel perspective on Salmonella control in swine, a matter that still includes uncertainties and room for improvement as a question of public health and One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carvajal
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Campus Vegazana, 2007 Leon, Spain;
| | - Melvin Kramer
- EHA Consulting Group, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33306, USA;
| | - Héctor Argüello
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Campus Vegazana, 2007 Leon, Spain;
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211
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Kayaga EB, Wampande EM, Ekakoro JE, Okwasiimire R, Nassali A, Ochoa K, Hauser C, Ndoboli D, Havas KA. Detection of antibodies against Ornithodoros moubata salivary antigens and their association with detection of African swine fever virus in pigs slaughtered in central Uganda. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1328040. [PMID: 38605921 PMCID: PMC11007201 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1328040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is an important disease of pigs in sub-Saharan Africa and Uganda and is threatening the pig population and agricultural economy of other continents. ASF virus (ASFV) can be transmitted from wild suids to domestic pigs through soft ticks of the Ornithodoros species. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between domestic pigs' O. moubata tick exposure and ASFV status. Methods Pigs were sampled from six abattoirs in the Kampala metropolitan area of Uganda from May 2021 through June 2022. Blood, serum, and tissue samples were collected. Serum was tested for antibodies against the rtTSGP1 salivary antigens of O. moubata ticks using an indirect ELISA assay. Blood and tissue samples from pigs were tested to detect ASFV using qPCR. Probability of tick exposure was categorized based on sample-to-positive ratio cut-off points. Results Out of 1,328 serum samples tested, there were 828 (62.3%) samples with a negligible probability; 369 (27.8%) with a medium probability; 90 (6.8%) with a high probability, and 41 (3.1%) with a very high probability of exposure to the O. moubata salivary antigen. There was a statistically significant association between the pigs' O. moubata exposure and ASFV status with a higher proportion of pigs having a very high probability of infection if they were ASFV positive by blood, tonsil, and lymph nodes. Discussion These results suggested that tick exposure was associated with ASFV transmission in Uganda. There were ASFV qPCR positive pigs that had no O. moubata exposure as well, which highlights that pig-to-pig and indirect contact transmission still play a significant role. This work highlights the need for further work in Uganda to investigate these transmission factors related to the O. moubata tick and ASFV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edrine B. Kayaga
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John E. Ekakoro
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rodney Okwasiimire
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Aisha Nassali
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Krista Ochoa
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Cole Hauser
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dickson Ndoboli
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources, and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Karyn A. Havas
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Ferreira JS, Baccili CC, Nemoto BS, Vieira FK, Sviercoski LM, Ienk T, Pagno JT, Gomes V. Biosecurity practices in the dairy farms of southern Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1326688. [PMID: 38601907 PMCID: PMC11004291 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1326688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Biosecurity refers to a set of practices that prevents and/or controls the introduction, spread, and elimination of harmful biological agents in a production system. In this study, we aimed to survey the biosecurity practices and determine their correlation with the size of production systems. A biosecurity assessment form was provided to 69 farms in the Campos Gerais region of Paraná, Brazil. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: general and bovine viral diarrhea virus- and bovine herpesvirus type-1-specific sections. The general section covered topics on traffic control, quarantine and animal isolation, hygiene practices, carcass disposal, and disease monitoring/control. The specific section consisted of questions on the reproductive and respiratory factors, use of antimicrobials, and vaccination schedule. The 69 farms were also classified into small (≤ 61), medium (62-201), and large (≥ 202) size farms based on the number of lactating cows. Moreover, multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was performed between the biosecurity measures and farm size. The main risk factors and variability were related to the traffic control of people, animals, and vehicles/equipment, animal quarantine/isolation, and hygiene practices. MCA revealed that the small farms exhibited a lack of biosecurity measures, including those related to traffic control, animal quarantine, and hygiene. In medium-size farms, contact between bovine animals of different ages and difficulty in animal isolation in the quarantine system were among the main risk factors. In contrast, isolation of sick animals was easy, but the need to frequently purchase cattle was an important risk factor in large farms. These results highlight the relationship between biosecurity measures and farm size, providing valuable insights for the development of better biosecurity plans for production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Santos Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Costa Baccili
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz S. Nemoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tanaane Ienk
- Frísia Cooperative Agroindustrial, Carambeí, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Viviani Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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213
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Lachapelle V, Comeau G, Quessy S, Zanabria R, Rhouma M, van Vonderen T, Snelgrove P, Kashi D, Bosch ML, Smillie J, Holley R, Brockhoff E, Costa M, Gaucher ML, Chorfi Y, Racicot M. The Development of a Risk Assessment Model for Inedible Rendering Plants in Canada: Identifying and Selecting Feed Safety-Related Factors. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1020. [PMID: 38612259 PMCID: PMC11011131 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is developing an establishment-based risk assessment model to categorize rendering plants that produce livestock feed ingredients (ERA-Renderer model) according to animal and human health risks (i.e., feed safety risks) and help in determining the allocation of inspection resources based on risk. The aim of the present study was to identify and select feed-safety-related factors and assessment criteria for inclusion in the ERA-Renderer model. First, a literature review was performed to identify evidence-based factors that impact the feed safety risk of livestock feed during its rendering processes. Secondly, a refinement process was applied to retain only those that met the inclusion conditions, such as data availability, lack of ambiguity, and measurability. Finally, an expert panel helped in selecting factors and assessment criteria based on their knowledge and experience in the rendering industry. A final list of 32 factors was developed, of which 4 pertained to the inherent risk of a rendering plant, 8 were related to risk mitigation strategies, and 20 referred to the regulatory compliance of a rendering plant. A total of 179 criteria were defined to assess factors based on practices in the Canadian rendering industry. The results of this study will be used in the next step of the model development to estimate the relative risks of the assessment criteria considering their impact on feed safety. Once implemented, the CFIA's ERA-Renderer model will provide an evidence-based, standardized, and transparent approach to help manage the feed safety risks in Canada's rendering sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lachapelle
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (G.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Geneviève Comeau
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (G.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Sylvain Quessy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.Q.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (M.-L.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Romina Zanabria
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 1400 Merivale, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada;
| | - Mohamed Rhouma
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.Q.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (M.-L.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tony van Vonderen
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada; (T.v.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Philip Snelgrove
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 59 Camelot Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada; (T.v.V.); (P.S.)
| | - Djillali Kashi
- Sanimax, 2001 Av. de La Rotonde, Lévis, QC G6X 2L9, Canada;
| | - My-Lien Bosch
- Animal Nutrition Association of Canada, 300 Sparks St., Suite 1301, Ottawa, ON K1R 7S3, Canada;
| | - John Smillie
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Agriculture Building 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Rick Holley
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Egan Brockhoff
- Canadian Pork Council, 900-220 Laurier Ave. W., Ottawa, ON K1P 5Z9, Canada;
| | - Marcio Costa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.Q.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (M.-L.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Marie-Lou Gaucher
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.Q.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (M.-L.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Younes Chorfi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (S.Q.); (M.R.); (M.C.); (M.-L.G.); (Y.C.)
| | - Manon Racicot
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3200 Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (G.C.); (M.R.)
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Nery Loiola SH, Stéfano VC, Rosa SL, Proença LR, Dos Santos BM, Soares FA, Saraiva Bresciani KD, Falcão AX, Gomes JF. Staining blindly: an update on coloring techniques for fecal smears in parasitology: a scoping review. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:607-619. [PMID: 38530362 PMCID: PMC11229586 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Dye application for parasite highlighting in the Ova and Parasite exam is a common practice in parasitology diagnosis. Methods: A scoping review investigated how staining solutions interact with parasite structures. After screening 1334 papers, 35 met eligibility criteria. Results: Differentiating background from foreground in the fecal smear under light microscopy is the core of the research on this topic. Refractivity, unevenness of staining, size and temperature were explored to enhance staining protocols. Cryptosporidium spp. and Microsporidia were the main studied species. Conclusion: Studies on diagnostic efficacy outperform those that elucidate the physical-chemical interaction between dyes and parasites. An alternative approach involves technicians using computational tools to reduce subjectivity in fecal smear interpretation, deviating from conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Hudson Nery Loiola
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Vitória Castilho Stéfano
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Stefany Laryssa Rosa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues Proença
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Bianca Martins Dos Santos
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Felipe Augusto Soares
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
| | - Katia Denise Saraiva Bresciani
- School of Veterinary Medicine, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, 793, Clóvis Pestana St., Araçatuba - São Paulo, 16050-680, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Xavier Falcão
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, 126, Tessália Vieira de Camargo St., Campinas - São Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, 573, IC-3,5, Saturnino de Brito St., Room 364, Campinas - São Paulo 13083-852, Brazil
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Muzykina L, Barrado-Gil L, Gonzalez-Bulnes A, Crespo-Piazuelo D, Cerón JJ, Alonso C, Montoya M. Overview of Modern Commercial Kits for Laboratory Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Swine Influenza A Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:505. [PMID: 38675848 PMCID: PMC11054272 DOI: 10.3390/v16040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid and early detection of infectious diseases in pigs is important, especially for the implementation of control measures in suspected cases of African swine fever (ASF), as an effective and safe vaccine is not yet available in most of the affected countries. Additionally, analysis for swine influenza is of significance due to its high morbidity rate (up to 100%) despite a lower mortality rate compared to ASF. The wide distribution of swine influenza A virus (SwIAV) across various countries, the emergence of constantly new recombinant strains, and the danger of human infection underscore the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis. Several diagnostic approaches and commercial methods should be applied depending on the scenario, type of sample and the objective of the studies being implemented. At the early diagnosis of an outbreak, virus genome detection using a variety of PCR assays proves to be the most sensitive and specific technique. As the disease evolves, serology gains diagnostic value, as specific antibodies appear later in the course of the disease (after 7-10 days post-infection (DPI) for ASF and between 10-21 DPI for SwIAV). The ongoing development of commercial kits with enhanced sensitivity and specificity is evident. This review aims to analyse recent advances and current commercial kits utilised for the diagnosis of ASF and SwIAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Muzykina
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, The Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research (CIB) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Barrado-Gil
- Department of Biotechnology, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.-G.); (C.A.)
| | - Antonio Gonzalez-Bulnes
- R&D Department, Cuarte S.L., Grupo Jorge, Ctra. de Logroño km 9.2, Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (D.C.-P.)
| | - Daniel Crespo-Piazuelo
- R&D Department, Cuarte S.L., Grupo Jorge, Ctra. de Logroño km 9.2, Monzalbarba, 50120 Zaragoza, Spain; (A.G.-B.); (D.C.-P.)
| | - Jose Joaquin Cerón
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Covadonga Alonso
- Department of Biotechnology, INIA-CSIC, Centro Nacional Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Ctra. de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.B.-G.); (C.A.)
| | - María Montoya
- Molecular Biomedicine Department, The Margarita Salas Centre for Biological Research (CIB) of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C. Ramiro de Maeztu, 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Reisinger N, Doupovec B, Czabany T, Van Immerseel F, Croubels S, Antonissen G. Endotoxin Translocation Is Increased in Broiler Chickens Fed a Fusarium Mycotoxin-Contaminated Diet. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:167. [PMID: 38668592 PMCID: PMC11053883 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Broiler chickens in livestock production face numerous challenges that can impact their health and welfare, including mycotoxin contamination and heat stress. In this study, we aimed to investigate the combined effects of two mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FBs), along with short-term heat stress conditions, on broiler gut health and endotoxin translocation. An experiment was conducted to assess the impacts of mycotoxin exposure on broilers, focusing on intestinal endotoxin activity, gene expression related to gut barrier function and inflammation, and the plasma concentration of the endotoxin marker 3-OH C14:0 either at thermoneutral conditions or short-term heat stress conditions. Independently of heat stress, broilers fed DON-contaminated diets exhibited reduced body weight gain during the starter phase (Day 1-12) compared to the control group, while broilers fed FB-contaminated diets experienced decreased body weight gain throughout the entire trial period (Day 1-24). Furthermore, under thermoneutral conditions, broilers fed DON-contaminated diets showed an increase in 3-OH C14:0 concentration in the plasma. Moreover, under heat stress conditions, the expression of genes related to gut barrier function (Claudin 5, Zonulin 1 and 2) and inflammation (Toll-like receptor 4, Interleukin-1 beta, Interleukin-6) was significantly affected by diets contaminated with mycotoxins, depending on the gut segment. This effect was particularly prominent in broilers fed diets contaminated with FBs. Notably, the plasma concentration of 3-OH C14:0 increased in broilers exposed to both DON- and FB-contaminated diets under heat stress conditions. These findings shed light on the intricate interactions between mycotoxins, heat stress, gut health, and endotoxin translocation in broiler chickens, highlighting the importance of understanding these interactions for the development of effective management strategies in livestock production to enhance broiler health and welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Reisinger
- dsm-firmenich Animal Nutrition and Health R&D Center Tulln, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Barbara Doupovec
- dsm-firmenich Animal Nutrition and Health R&D Center Tulln, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- dsm-firmenich Animal Nutrition and Health R&D Center Tulln, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria; (B.D.); (T.C.)
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.V.I.); (S.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.V.I.); (S.C.); (G.A.)
| | - Gunther Antonissen
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (F.V.I.); (S.C.); (G.A.)
- Chair Poultry Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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217
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Zhai X, Dang L, Wang S, Li W, Sun C. Effects of Succinate on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Lipid Synthesis in Bama Miniature Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:999. [PMID: 38612238 PMCID: PMC11011074 DOI: 10.3390/ani14070999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinate, one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is now recognized to play a role in a broad range of physiological and pathophysiological settings, but its role in adipogenesis is unclear. Our study used Bama miniature pigs as a model to explore the effects of succinate on performance, meat quality, and fat formation. The results showed that adding 1% succinate significantly increased the average daily gain, feed/gain ratio, eye muscle area, and body fat content (p < 0.05), but had no effect on feed intake. Further meat quality analysis showed that succinate increased the marbling score and intramuscular fat content of longissimus dorsi muscle (LM), while decreasing the shear force and the cross-sectional area of LM (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis of LM revealed that succinate reshaped levels of fatty acids, triglycerides, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids in LM. Succinate promotes adipogenic differentiation in porcine primary preadipocytes. Finally, dietary succinate supplementation increased succinylation modification rather than acetylation modification in the adipose tissue pool. This study elucidated the effects of succinate on the growth and meat quality of pigs and its mechanism of action and provided a reference for the role of succinate in the nutrition and metabolism of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Liping Dang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Shiyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Wenyuan Li
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Yuanyang County, Xinxiang 453000, China;
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; (X.Z.); (L.D.); (S.W.)
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218
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Huang X, Liu W. Role of microRNAs in host defense against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection: a hidden front line. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376958. [PMID: 38590524 PMCID: PMC10999632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most globally devastating viruses threatening the swine industry worldwide. Substantial advancements have been achieved in recent years towards comprehending the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection and the host response, involving both innate and adaptive immune responses. Not only a multitude of host proteins actively participate in intricate interactions with viral proteins, but microRNAs (miRNAs) also play a pivotal role in the host response to PRRSV infection. If a PRRSV-host interaction at the protein level is conceptualized as the front line of the battle between pathogens and host cells, then their fight at the RNA level resembles the hidden front line. miRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs of approximately 20-25 nucleotides (nt) that primarily regulate the degradation or translation inhibition of target genes by binding to the 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs). Insights into the roles played by viral proteins and miRNAs in the host response can enhance our comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of PRRSV infection. The intricate interplay between viral proteins and cellular targets during PRRSV infection has been extensively explored. This review predominantly centers on the contemporary understanding of the host response to PRRSV infection at the RNA level, in particular, focusing on the twenty-six miRNAs that affect viral replication and the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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219
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Martínez Avilés M, Montes F, Sacristán I, de la Torre A, Iglesias I. Spatial and temporal analysis of African swine fever front-wave velocity in wild boar: implications for surveillance and control strategies. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1353983. [PMID: 38596463 PMCID: PMC11002761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1353983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The front-wave velocity of African swine fever (ASF) virus spread is depicted through a retrospective spatial and temporal analyses of wild boar outbreaks from Jan. 2014 to Jan. 2022 in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Eastern Poland-regions responsible for more than 50% of all wild boar cases in the EU. The study uses empirical semivariograms in a universal kriging model to assess spatial autocorrelation in notification dates and identifies a discernable large-scale spatial trend. The critical parameter of ASF front-wave velocity was identified (Mean = 66.33 km/month, SD = 163.24) in the whole study area, and explored the variations across countries, wild boar habitat suitability, seasons, and the study period. Statistical differences in front-wave velocity values among countries and temporal clusters are explored, shedding light on potential factors influencing ASF transmission dynamics. The implications of these findings for surveillance and control strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martínez Avilés
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Group, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Global Health, Animal Health Research Centre, National Centre Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Montes
- Center for International Forestry Research, National Centre Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CIFOR, INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sacristán
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Group, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Global Health, Animal Health Research Centre, National Centre Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana de la Torre
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Group, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Global Health, Animal Health Research Centre, National Centre Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Iglesias
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Group, Department of Infectious Animal Diseases and Global Health, Animal Health Research Centre, National Centre Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology, Spanish National Research Council (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Boulbria G, Nicolazo T, Teixeira-Costa C, Clouard C, Lebret A, Normand V, Chevance C, Jeusselin J, Merlot É. Porcine ear necrosis is associated with social behaviours in weaned piglets. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:118. [PMID: 38521914 PMCID: PMC10960443 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine ear necrosis (PEN) is a worldwide health issue and its aetiology is still unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence and the severity of PEN in a commercial farm, associated with pig behaviour and health biomarkers measures. On two consecutive batches, PEN prevalence was determined at the pen level. PEN scores, blood haptoglobin concentration and oxidative status were measured on two pigs per pen (n = 48 pens) 9, 30 and 50 days (D) after arrival to the post-weaning unit. Social nosing, oral manipulation and aggression of pen mates and exploration of enrichment materials were observed on two to three pigs per pen twice a week from D9 to D50. RESULTS At the pen level, the higher the time spent nosing pen mates, the lower the percentage of pigs affected by PEN during both the early and the late post-weaning periods (P < 0.002) and, in the opposite, the higher the time spent orally manipulating pen mates during the late post-weaning period, the higher the percentage of affected pigs (P = 0.03). At the pig level, the higher the increase in hydroperoxides and haptoglobin during the early post-weaning period, the higher the PEN scores on D30 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that a high incidence of social nosing, which can be an indicator of good social cohesion in a group, was significantly associated with less frequent lesions of PEN. In opposite, high incidence of oral manipulation of pen mates may increase the percentage of PEN-affected pigs. According to these observations, PEN is a multifactorial condition which may have social causes among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Boulbria
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France.
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France.
| | - Théo Nicolazo
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
| | - Charlotte Teixeira-Costa
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
| | - Caroline Clouard
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Le Clos, Saint Gilles, 35590, France
| | - Arnaud Lebret
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
| | - Valérie Normand
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
| | - Céline Chevance
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
| | - Justine Jeusselin
- REZOOLUTION Pig Consulting Services, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
- PORC.SPECTIVE Swine Vet Practice, Parc d'Activités de Gohélève, Rue Joseph et Étienne Montgolfier, Noyal-Pontivy, 56920, France
| | - Élodie Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Le Clos, Saint Gilles, 35590, France
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Ruedas-Torres I, Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Salguero FJ, Pallarés FJ, Carrasco L, Mateu E, Gómez-Laguna J, Rodríguez-Gómez IM. The scene of lung pathology during PRRSV-1 infection. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1330990. [PMID: 38566751 PMCID: PMC10985324 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1330990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically important infectious diseases for the pig industry worldwide. The disease was firstly reported in 1987 and became endemic in many countries. Since then, outbreaks caused by strains of high virulence have been reported several times in Asia, America and Europe. Interstitial pneumonia, microscopically characterised by thickened alveolar septa, is the hallmark lesion of PRRS. However, suppurative bronchopneumonia and proliferative and necrotising pneumonia are also observed, particularly when a virulent strain is involved. This raises the question of whether the infection by certain strains results in an overstimulation of the proinflammatory response and whether there is some degree of correlation between the strain involved and a particular pattern of lung injury. Thus, it is of interest to know how the inflammatory response is modulated in these cases due to the interplay between virus and host factors. This review provides an overview of the macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular pathology of PRRSV-1 strains in the lung, emphasising the differences between strains of different virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ruedas-Torres
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA Porton Down), Salisbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enric Mateu
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Pathology and Immunology Group (UCO-PIG), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, International Agrifood Campus of Excellence (CeiA3), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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222
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Bester C, Käsbohrer A, Wilkins N, Correia Carreira G, Marschik T. Identification of cost-effective biosecurity measures to reduce Salmonella along the pork production chain. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1380029. [PMID: 38562917 PMCID: PMC10983795 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1380029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The continued occurrence of salmonellosis cases in Europe attributed to the consumption of pork products highlights the importance of identifying cost-effective interventions. Certain biosecurity measures (BSMs) may be effective in reducing the prevalence of specific pathogens along the pork production chain and their presence in food products. The objective of this study was to identify pathogen-specific, cost-effective BSMs to reduce Salmonella at different stages of the pork production chain in two European countries - Austria (AT) and the United Kingdom (UK). For this purpose, a cost-benefit analysis was conducted based on the epidemiological output of an established quantitative microbiological risk assessment that simulated the implementation effect of the BSMs based on their risk ratios. For each of the BSMs, the associated costs and benefits were assessed individually and country-specifically. For both AT and UK, nine different BSMs were evaluated assuming a countrywide implementation rate of 100%. The results showed that four BSMs were cost-effective (benefit-cost ratio > 1) for AT and five for the UK. The uncertainty regarding the cost-effectiveness of the BSMs resulted from the variability of individual risk ratios, and the variability of benefits associated with the implementation of the BSMs. The low number of cost-effective BSMs highlights the need for holistic risk-based models and economic assessments. To increase the willingness to implement BSMs and maximize the benefits for stakeholders, who carry the majority of the implementation costs, epidemiological assessments of BSM effectiveness should consider the impact on several relevant pathogens simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bester
- Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Neil Wilkins
- Department of Epidemiological Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Correia Carreira
- Unit Epidemiology, Zoonoses and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tatiana Marschik
- Centre for Food Science and Veterinary Public Health, Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Food System Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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223
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Rigueira LL, Perecmanis S. Concerns about the use of antimicrobials in swine herds and alternative trends. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae039. [PMID: 38685989 PMCID: PMC11056889 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pig productivity in Brazil has advanced a lot in recent decades. Specialized breeds are more vulnerable to pathogens, which has boosted the use of antimicrobials by farmers. The selective pressure generated favors the emergence of resistant bacteria, which compromises the effectiveness of this treatment and limits therapeutic options. In addition to increasing costs and mortality rates in the production system, public awareness of this issue has increased. The authorities have imposed restrictive measures to control the use of antimicrobials and have banned their use as growth promoters. This literature review highlights biosecurity and animal welfare to prevent pig diseases. Hence, we describe alternatives to the use of antimicrobials in pig production for the selection of effective non-antibiotic feed additives that help maintain good health and help the pig resist disease when infection occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Rigueira
- Department of Animal Health, Brasília University, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
- Secretary of Agriculture of Federal District, 70770-914, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Simone Perecmanis
- Department of Animal Health, Brasília University, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
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224
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Arnaud E, Gardiner G, Chombart M, O’ Doherty J, Sweeney T, Lawlor P. Effect of creep feeding pelleted starter diet, liquid milk replacer and a liquid mixture of starter diet and milk replacer to suckling pigs on their growth and medication usage. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae041. [PMID: 38651118 PMCID: PMC11034430 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of creep-feeding solid starter diet, liquid milk replacer, and a liquid mixture of starter diet and milk replacer to suckling pigs on their growth and medication usage up to target slaughter weight (approximately 120 kg). Ninety-one sows and their litters were randomly assigned to one of four post-farrowing treatments at day 107 of gestation; (1) no creep feed provided to weaning at day 28 of age (CONTROL; n = 20), (2) dry pelleted starter diet provided as creep feed from day 10 of age to weaning (DPS; n = 25), (3) liquid milk replacer provided as creep feed from day 3 of age to weaning (LMR; n = 23), and (4) liquid milk replacer provided from days 3 to 6 of age followed by a mixture of liquid milk replacer with an increasing proportion of liquid starter diet to weaning provided as creep feed (LMR + S; n = 23). Pig weight and dry matter disappearance (DMd) were recorded during lactation and postweaning until pigs reached target slaughter weight (approximately 120 kg). At target slaughter weight, carcass weight and quality were recorded. Medication (antibiotic and anti-inflammatory) usage per pig on a litter basis, and number of injections and clinical cases of disease per litter were recorded from birth to slaughter. At day 5 postweaning, a subset of pigs (n = 40) were sacrificed and intestinal samples were collected for histological analysis. Piglets supplemented with DPS had higher DMd of creep feed than those supplemented with LMR or LMR + S (P < 0.001). Providing LMR + S to suckling piglets reduced the coefficient of variation (CV) for within-litter piglet weaning weight (P < 0.01) compared to DPS and LMR, but the CV of LMR + S was similar to that of CONTROL. Providing DPS or LMR to suckling piglets increased piglet weaning weight compared to CONTROL (P < 0.001) but pig weight was not significantly different from CONTROL at time points thereafter. Gain to feed ratio from weaning to day 6 postweaning was less for LMR pigs compared to all other treatments (P < 0.001). Providing DPS or LMR + S to suckling piglets tended to increase postweaning ileal villus height (P = 0.07). Diarrhea incidence, as well as the number of clinical cases of disease and injections per litter and volume of antibiotic and anti-inflammatory administered per pig pre- and postweaning, were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing suckling pigs with liquid milk replacer or dry pelleted starter diet improved growth at weaning, but the benefit did not persist to slaughter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Arnaud
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, County Cork, IrelandP61C996
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, South East Technological University, Waterford, IrelandX91K0EK
| | - Gillian E Gardiner
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, South East Technological University, Waterford, IrelandX91K0EK
| | - Matthieu Chombart
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, County Cork, IrelandP61C996
| | - John V O’ Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandD04V1W8
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandD04V1W8
| | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, County Cork, IrelandP61C996
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225
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Alabi OM, Aworinde HO, Adebayo S, Akinwumi AO, Ayandiji A, Tatar A. Data analytics-based evaluation of blood indices and adaptation of medicated and non-medicated broiler chickens under humid tropical conditions. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae040. [PMID: 38590613 PMCID: PMC11000146 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The growth performance and blood indices of medicated and non-medicated broiler chickens have been the subject of this research coupled with a paucity of comparative information on what can actually happen to broiler chickens if not medicated when reared under humid tropical conditions. One hundred unsexed day-old broilers were randomly and equally allotted into two treatment groups of TM (medicated) and TN (non-medicated) in a completely randomized design each treatment with five replicates having ten birds each. The birds were reared on deep litter system for 56 d which was divided into two phases of 28 d each (starter and finisher), during which data were collected with respect to daily feed intake, final body weight, body weight gained (BWG), mortality rate while blood analysis was carried out on 28th and 56th d for starter and finisher phases, respectively. Non-medicated group served as control. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE), were later calculated. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance statistically. There was no significant difference between the medicated and non-medicated broilers for daily feed intake, final body weight, and BWG and also for the blood parameters investigated at starter phase. However, at finisher phase, no significant difference was observed in the daily feed intake of Tm and Tn but there was significant (P < 0.05) difference in the final body weight, BWG, FCR, FCE, and mortality rate between the two groups. Birds on Tm attained higher weight significantly (P < 0.05) than those on TN. BWG, FCR, and FCE followed the same trend and also the mortality rate. White blood cells count of TN was higher significantly (P < 0.05) than TM while TM birds recorded higher packed cell volume, red blood counts, and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) significantly (P < 0.05) than TM birds. Effect of medication was much noticeable at finisher phase as it improved the growth rate though mortality rate was close to that of TN group. These results suggest that broilers can be produced free of medication with good feeding without loss of birds while the growth rate can be enhanced with the use of prebiotics and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi M Alabi
- Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Halleluyah O Aworinde
- Mechatronics Engineering Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Segun Adebayo
- Computer Science Programme, College of Communication and Computing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Akinwale O Akinwumi
- Mechatronics Engineering Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Adebamiji Ayandiji
- Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Tatar
- Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Iran
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226
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Martínez-Álvarez S, Châtre P, François P, Abdullahi IN, Simón C, Zarazaga M, Madec JY, Haenni M, Torres C. Unexpected role of pig nostrils in the clonal and plasmidic dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli at farm level. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116145. [PMID: 38460199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The presence of methicillin-resistant or -susceptible S. aureus in pig nostrils has been known for a long time, but the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli has hardly been investigated. Here, we collected 25 E. coli recovered from nasal samples of 40 pigs/10 farmers of four farms. Nine ESBL-producing isolates belonging to ST48, ST117, ST847, ST5440, ST14914 and ST10 were retrieved from seven pigs. All blaESBL genes (blaCTX-M-32,blaCTX-M-14,blaCTX-M-1,blaCTX-M-65, and blaSHV-12) were horizontally transferable by conjugation through plasmids belonging to IncI1 (n=3), IncX1 (n=3) and IncHI2 (n=1) types. IncI1-plasmids displayed different genetic environments: i) IS26-blaSHV-12-deoR-IS26, ii) wbuC-blaCTX-M-32-ISKpn26 (IS5), and iii) IS930-blaCTX-M-14-IS26. The IncHI2-plasmid contained the genetic environment IS903-blaCTX-M-65-fipA with multiple resistance genes associated either to: a) Tn21-like transposon harbouring genes conferring aminoglycosides/beta-lactams/chloramphenicol/macrolides resistance located on two atypical class 1 integrons with an embedded ΔTn5393; or b) Tn1721-derived transposon displaying an atypical class 1 integron harbouring aadA2-arr3-cmlA5-blaOXA-10-aadA24-dfrA14, preceding the genetic platform IS26-blaTEM-95-tet(A)-lysR-floR-virD2-ISVsa3-IS3075-IS26-qnrS1, as well as the tellurite resistance module. Other plasmids harbouring clinically relevant genes were detected, such as a ColE-type plasmid carrying the mcr-4.5 gene. Chromosomally encoded genes (fosA7) or integrons (intI1-dfrA1-aadA1-qacE-sul1/intI1-IS15-dfrA1-aadA2) were also identified. Finally, an IncY plasmid harbouring a class 2 integron (intI2-dfrA1-sat2-aadA1-qacL-IS406-sul3) was detected but not associated with a blaESBL gene. Our results evidence that pig nostrils might favour the spread of ESBL-E. coli and mcr-mediated colistin-resistance. Therefore, enhanced monitoring should be considered, especially in a sector where close contact between animals in intensive farming increases the risk of spreading antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Martínez-Álvarez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pierre Châtre
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Pauline François
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Simón
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Vu HLX, McVey DS. Recent progress on gene-deleted live-attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:60. [PMID: 38480758 PMCID: PMC10937926 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
African Swine Fever (ASF) is a highly lethal viral disease in swine, with mortality rates approaching 100%. The disease has spread to many swine-producing countries, leading to significant economic losses and adversely impacting global food security. Extensive efforts have been directed toward developing effective ASF vaccines. Among the vaccinology approaches tested to date, live-attenuated virus (LAV) vaccines produced by rational deleting virulence genes from virulent African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) strains have demonstrated promising safety and efficacy in experimental and field conditions. Many gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates have been generated in recent years. The virulence genes targeted for deletion from the genome of virulent ASFV strains can be categorized into four groups: Genes implicated in viral genome replication and transcription, genes from the multigene family located at both 5' and 3' termini, genes participating in mediating hemadsorption and putative cellular attachment factors, and novel genes with no known functions. Some promising LAV vaccine candidates are generated by deleting a single viral virulence gene, whereas others are generated by simultaneously deleting multiple genes. This article summarizes the recent progress in developing and characterizing gene-deleted LAV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiep L X Vu
- Department of Animal Science, and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - D Scott McVey
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.
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228
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Niu Y, Chen Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Xiao S, Yang C, Yang T, Huan W. Effect of diets supplemented with coated plant essential oil on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant activity, and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1346922. [PMID: 38528870 PMCID: PMC10962761 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1346922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This trial was conducted to compare the effect of diets supplemented with plant essential oil (PEO) and coated plant essential oil (CEO) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant activity, and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets. Methods A total of 360 21-day-old weaned piglets were randomly allocated into three groups, namely, CON, PEO, and CEO (basal diets supplemented with 0, 500 mg/kg PEO, and 500 mg/kg CEO, respectively) for a 4-week feeding trial. Results and discussion The results showed that dietary supplementation with CEO improved the average final weight and average daily gain, decreased the diarrhea rate, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, enhanced immunoglobulin concentrations, and decreased concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the serum of weaned piglets (p < 0.05). In addition, CEO addition increased the fecal concentrations of propionic acid and isovaleric acid of piglets (p < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that fecal microorganisms at the genus level were closely correlated with the volatile fatty acid concentrations. The present study indicated that PEO and CEO could improve growth performance, enhance immunity, and increase antioxidant capacity by modulating the microbial flora in weaned piglets. Moreover, CEO addition seemed to offer more positive results than of PEO addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiying Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Zhejiang Huijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Zhejiang Huijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiping Xiao
- Zhejiang Huijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caimei Yang
- Zhejiang Huijia Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiwei Huan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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García-Cambrón JB, Cerriteño-Sánchez JL, Lara-Romero R, Quintanar-Guerrero D, Blancas-Flores G, Sánchez-Gaytán BL, Herrera-Camacho I, Cuevas-Romero JS. Development of Glycyrrhizinic Acid-Based Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP-GA) as An Adjuvant That Improves the Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Spike Recombinant Protein. Viruses 2024; 16:431. [PMID: 38543796 PMCID: PMC10974312 DOI: 10.3390/v16030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has affected the pork industry worldwide and during outbreaks the mortality of piglets has reached 100%. Lipid nanocarriers are commonly used in the development of immunostimulatory particles due to their biocompatibility and slow-release delivery properties. In this study, we developed a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) complex based on glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) and tested its efficacy as an adjuvant in mice immunized with the recombinant N-terminal domain (NTD) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) spike (S) protein (rNTD-S). The dispersion stability analysis (Z-potential -27.6 mV) confirmed the size and charge stability of the LNP-GA, demonstrating that the particles were homogeneously dispersed and strongly anionic, which favors nanoparticles binding with the rNTD-S protein, which showed a slightly positive charge (2.11 mV) by in silico analysis. TEM image of LNP-GA revealed nanostructures with a spherical-bilayer lipid vesicle (~100 nm). The immunogenicity of the LNP-GA-rNTD-S complex induced an efficient humoral response 14 days after the first immunization (p < 0.05) as well as an influence on the cellular immune response by decreasing serum TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations, which was associated with an anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bryan García-Cambrón
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09089, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Cerriteño-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
| | - Rocío Lara-Romero
- Programa de Estancia Posdoctoral, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - David Quintanar-Guerrero
- División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México 54740, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Blancas-Flores
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09089, Mexico;
| | - Brenda L. Sánchez-Gaytán
- Centro de Química ICUAP, Laboratorio de Bioinorgánica Aplicada, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72592, Mexico;
| | - Irma Herrera-Camacho
- Centro de Química ICUAP, Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio IC7, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72592, Mexico;
| | - Julieta Sandra Cuevas-Romero
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México 05110, Mexico
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230
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Cho KH, Hong SK, Kim DY, Sohn HJ, Yoo DS, Kang HE, Kim YH. Disease Course of Korean African Swine Fever Virus in Domestic Pigs Exposed Intraorally, Intranasally, Intramuscularly, and by Direct Contact with Infected Pigs. Viruses 2024; 16:433. [PMID: 38543798 PMCID: PMC10974542 DOI: 10.3390/v16030433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a fatal contagious disease affecting swine. The first Korean ASF virus (ASFV) isolate (Korea/Pig/Paju1/2019) was used to compare the disease course of ASFV in pigs inoculated via the four routes. In the challenge experiment, domestic pigs were infected via the intraoral (IO) and intranasal (IN) routes with a 106 50% hemadsorbing dose (HAD50) and an intramuscular (IM) injection of 103 HAD50. In the direct contact (DC) group, five naïve pigs were brought into direct contact with two IM-ASFV-infected pigs. IO-, IN-, and IM-inoculated pigs showed similar disease courses, whereas DC pigs had comparable ASF syndrome after a 7-day latent period. The disease course in the DC route, one of the most common routes of infection, was not significantly different from that in the IO and IN routes. IM and DC groups differed in terms of the severity of fever and hemorrhagic lesions in the lymph nodes and spleen, indicating that the IM route, suitable for early vaccine development trials, is not appropriate for studying the ASFV infection mechanism, including early stage of infection, and IO and IN challenges with a designated dose can be alternatives in trials for assessing ASFV pathogenicity and vaccine efficacy investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Cho
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Seong-Keun Hong
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Da-Young Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Hyun-Joo Sohn
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Dae-Sung Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61168, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea; (K.-H.C.); (S.-K.H.); (D.-Y.K.); (H.-J.S.); (H.-E.K.)
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231
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Klein L, Gerdes U, Blome S, Campe A, Grosse Beilage E. Biosecurity measures for the prevention of African swine fever on German pig farms: comparison of farmers' own appraisals and external veterinary experts' evaluations. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:14. [PMID: 38468332 PMCID: PMC10926670 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its first introduction into the German wild boar population in 2020, African swine fever (ASF) has been spreading slowly from the eastern border westwards and has been introduced into eight domestic pig farms thus far. The European Food Safety Authority has named deficits in farm biosecurity and increased human activity as major risk factors for the introduction of the ASF virus into pig farms. Studies have shown that pig farms in Germany generally have a high level of biosecurity. However, veterinary practitioners and policy-makers have expressed concerns that not all pig farmers are appropriately prepared to deal with the threat of ASF. This study aimed to evaluate the level of biosecurity on pig farms in Lower Saxony and explore the reasons for deficits in the implementation of biosecurity measures. For this purpose, pig farmers were interviewed in open structured face-to-face interviews about their perception of ASF and biosecurity, and the implemented measures on their farms were assessed with a checklist. In the data analysis, the farmers' answers and the results of the biosecurity check were compared to gain further insights into the factors influencing the implementation of biosecurity measures on the farms. RESULTS The biosecurity check showed that on most farms, a high level of biosecurity had been implemented. Nevertheless, deficits were found concerning the fences and the delimitation of clean and dirty areas on farm grounds and in the anteroom. Overall, the farmers were well informed about ASF and had a realistic perception of their own biosecurity. They considered the farm layout, financial means and practicality of hygiene measures to be the main barriers to implementing biosecurity measures against ASF. However, the results also suggested that farmers' attitudes and legal regulations were major influencing factors. CONCLUSION The results indicated a high level of biosecurity against ASF on most pig farms and a realistic perception of their own biosecurity by the farmers. Current knowledge transfer and information should focus on building upon the farmers' own motivation and expertise and supporting them to put existing knowledge into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Klein
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health in the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Ursula Gerdes
- Niedersaechsische Tierseuchenkasse (Animal Disease Fund), Bruehlstrasse 9, 30169, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Department of Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Suedufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Amely Campe
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health in the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buenteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grosse Beilage
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University for Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Buescheler Strasse 9, 49456, Bakum, Germany
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232
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Schreiber F, Balas I, Robinson MJ, Bakdash G. Border Control: The Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Epithelial Barrier Function. Cells 2024; 13:477. [PMID: 38534321 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut mucosal epithelium is one of the largest organs in the body and plays a critical role in regulating the crosstalk between the resident microbiome and the host. To this effect, the tight control of what is permitted through this barrier is of high importance. There should be restricted passage of harmful microorganisms and antigens while at the same time allowing the absorption of nutrients and water. An increased gut permeability, or "leaky gut", has been associated with a variety of diseases ranging from infections, metabolic diseases, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases to neurological conditions. Several factors can affect gut permeability, including cytokines, dietary components, and the gut microbiome. Here, we discuss how the gut microbiome impacts the permeability of the gut epithelial barrier and how this can be harnessed for therapeutic purposes.
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233
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Dierick M, Ongena R, Vanrompay D, Devriendt B, Cox E. Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli challenged weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:39. [PMID: 38449023 PMCID: PMC10916201 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections resulting in post-weaning diarrhoea or oedema disease. Frequently used management strategies, including colistin and zinc oxide, have contributed to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Novel antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being investigated. Lactoferrin has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned piglets. Additionally, we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infection. Therefore, 2 in vivo trials were conducted: a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial, using an F18+ STEC strain. BLF did not affect the α- and β-diversity. However, bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance (RA) for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal mucosa. When analysing the immune response upon infection, the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels, whereas this response was absent in the bLF group. CONCLUSION Taken together, the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on the α- and β-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned piglets. Nevertheless, it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifidobacterium genus, which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Furthermore, bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dierick
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruben Ongena
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Martino C, Di Luca A, Bennato F, Ianni A, Passamonti F, Rampacci E, Henry M, Meleady P, Martino G. Label-Free Quantitative Analysis of Pig Liver Proteome after Hepatitis E Virus Infection. Viruses 2024; 16:408. [PMID: 38543773 PMCID: PMC10976091 DOI: 10.3390/v16030408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E represents an emerging zoonotic disease caused by the Hepatitis E virus (HEV), for which the main route of transmission is foodborne. In particular, infection in humans has been associated with the consumption of contaminated undercooked meat of pig origin. The aim of this study was to apply comparative proteomics to determine if porcine liver protein profiles could be used to distinguish between pigs seropositive and seronegative for HEV. Preliminarily, an ELISA was used to evaluate the presence of anti-HEV antibodies in the blood serum of 136 animals sent to slaughter. Among the analyzed samples, a seroprevalence of 72.8% was estimated, and it was also possible to identify 10 animals, 5 positive and 5 negative, coming from the same farm. This condition created the basis for the quantitative proteomics comparison between homogeneous animals, in which only the contact with HEV should represent the discriminating factor. The analysis of the proteome in all samples of liver exudate led to the identification of 554 proteins differentially expressed between the two experimental groups, with 293 proteins having greater abundance in positive samples and 261 more represented in negative exudates. The pathway enrichment analysis allowed us to highlight the effect of the interaction between HEV and the host biological system in inducing the potential enrichment of 69 pathways. Among these, carbon metabolism stands out with the involvement of 41 proteins, which were subjected to interactomic analysis. This approach allowed us to focus our attention on three enzymes involved in glycolysis: glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ALDOA). It therefore appears that infection with HEV induced a strengthening of the process, which involves the breakdown of glucose to obtain energy and carbon residues useful for the virus's survival. In conclusion, the label-free LC-MS/MS approach showed effectiveness in highlighting the main differences induced on the porcine liver proteome by the interaction with HEV, providing crucial information in identifying a viral signature on the host metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.M.); (F.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.D.L.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesca Bennato
- Department of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.D.L.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Department of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.D.L.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Passamonti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.M.); (F.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Elisa Rampacci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy; (C.M.); (F.P.); (E.R.)
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, D09 DX63 Dublin, Ireland; (M.H.); (P.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Department of BioScience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (A.D.L.); (F.B.); (G.M.)
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Song W, Feng Y, Zhang J, Kong D, Fan J, Zhao M, Hua L, Xiang J, Tang X, Xiao S, Peng Z, Wu B. Development of a multiplex reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for detecting common causative agents of swine viral diarrhea in China. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:12. [PMID: 38444040 PMCID: PMC10916220 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrheal diseases caused by viral agents have led to a great morbidity, mortality, and economic loss in global pig industry. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and group A porcine rotavirus (RVA) are main causative agents of swine viral diarrhea with similar clinical signs on Chinese farms and their co-infection is also common. However, it is still lack of a convenient method to detect these four agents. METHODS A TaqMan multiplex qPCR method was developed to detect PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and RVA, simultaneously. This method was then applied to investigate 7,342 swine fecal samples or rectal swabs, as well as 1,246 swine intestinal samples collected from 2075 farms in China in 2022. RESULTS Minimum detection limits of this method were 3 copies/µL for PEDV, 4 copies/µL for TGEV, 8 copies/µL for RVA, and 8 copies/µL for PDCoV, suggesting a good sensitivity. No signals were observed by using this method detecting other viral agents commonly prevalent in pigs, which is suggestive of a good specificity. Application of this method on investigating clinical samples demonstrated a relatively high positive rate for PEDV (22.21%, 1907/8588) and RVA (44.00%, 3779/8588). In addition, co-infection between PEDV and RVA was observed on 360 investigated farms, accounting for 17.35% (360/2075) of the farms where co-infection events were screened. CONCLUSIONS A TaqMan multiplex qPCR method targeting PEDV, TGEV, PDCoV, and RVA was developed in this study. This method demonstrated a good specificity and sensitivity on investigating these four common viruses responsible for viral diarrhea on Chinese pig farms, which represents a convenient method for the monitoring and differential diagnosis of swine viral diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Yixue Feng
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Danni Kong
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfei Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Hua
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmei Xiang
- Hubei Vocational College of Bio-Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Xibiao Tang
- Animal Disease Diagnosis Center of Wuhan Keqian Biology Co., Ltd, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Vocational College of Bio-Technology, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070, Wuhan, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, 430070, Wuhan, China.
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Chasles M, Marcet-Rius M, Chou JY, Teruel E, Pageat P, Cozzi A. Cutaneous application of SecurePig® FLASH, a Pig appeasing pheromone analogue, facilitates adaptation and manages social behavior during feeding in semi-extensive conditions. Porcine Health Manag 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 38444017 PMCID: PMC10916065 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-024-00363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Farm animals face several challenges throughout their lives, which can affect both their welfare and their productivity. Promoting adaptation in animals is one way of limiting these consequences. In various animal species, the use of maternal appeasing pheromones is efficient to reduce aggressiveness, improve adaptation and thus ensuring better welfare and productivity. This study sought to investigate the efficiency of a treatment with a Pig Appeasing Pheromone (PAP) on the behavior of pigs reared under semi-extensive conditions and exposed to a potential conflict- collective feeding. Animals (n = 14 divided in 2 groups of 7) were subjected to 3 different phases, (A) baseline - no pigs received the PAP, (B) SP - 2 out of the 7 pigs per group received the PAP and (C) AP- all pigs received the PAP. Behaviors related to feeding, aggression and locomotion were compared between the 3 phases of the study. RESULTS Compared to the baseline period, we observed that the number of head knocks was reduced when some pigs (p < 0.001) and all pigs (p < 0.005) received the PAP. Similarly, we observed that the number of fleeing attempts was reduced when some pigs (p < 0.001) and all pigs (p < 0.001) were treated when compared to baseline. This number was lower in the AP phase than in the SP phase (p < 0.001). When all pigs were treated (AP), we also observed that they spent less time investigating the floor than during the two other phases (p < 0.001), but they seemed more likely to leave the feeder due to the presence or behavior of another pig of the group (SP vs. AP, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The PAP application improved adaptation in pigs by reducing aggressiveness and promoting conflict avoidance. Those results validate the efficiency of the pheromonal treatment under semi-extensive rearing conditions to help pigs to cope with a challenging situation. Using PAP in the pig industry seems interesting to limit unwanted consequences of farm practices on animal welfare and productivity, by promoting their adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Chasles
- Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400, Apt, France.
| | - Míriam Marcet-Rius
- Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400, Apt, France
| | - Jen-Yun Chou
- Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400, Apt, France
- Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Co. Cork P61 C996, Moorepark, Ireland
- Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Teruel
- Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400, Apt, France
| | - Patrick Pageat
- Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400, Apt, France
| | - Alessandro Cozzi
- Research Institute in Semiochemistry and Applied Ethology (IRSEA), Quartier Salignan, 84400, Apt, France
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Liu M, Chen J, Zhang C, Liu S, Chao X, Yang H, Muhammad A, Zhou B, Ao W, Schinckel AP. Deciphering Estrus Expression in Gilts: The Role of Alternative Polyadenylation and LincRNAs in Reproductive Transcriptomics. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:791. [PMID: 38473176 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fertility rate and litter size of female pigs are critically affected by the expression of estrus. The objective of this study was to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of estrus expression by analyzing the differential expression of genes and long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNA), as well as the utilization of alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites, in the vulva and vagina during the estrus and diestrus stages of Large White and indigenous Chinese Mi gilts. Our study revealed that the number of differentially expressed genes (DEG) in the vulva was less than that in the vagina, and the DEGs in the vulva were enriched in pathways such as "neural" pathways and steroid hormone responses, including the "Calcium signaling pathway" and "Oxytocin signaling pathway". The DEGs in the vagina were enriched in the "Metabolic pathways" and "VEGF signaling pathway". Furthermore, 27 and 21 differentially expressed lincRNAs (DEL), whose target genes were enriched in the "Endocrine resistance" pathway, were identified in the vulva and vagina, respectively. Additionally, we observed that 63 and 618 transcripts of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) were lengthened during estrus in the vulva and vagina, respectively. Interestingly, the genes undergoing APA events in the vulva exhibited species-specific enrichment in neural or steroid-related pathways, whereas those in the vagina were enriched in apoptosis or autophagy-related pathways. Further bioinformatic analysis of these lengthened 3'-UTRs revealed the presence of multiple miRNAs binding sites and cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE) regulatory aspects. In particular, we identified more than 10 CPEs in the validated lengthened 3'-UTRs of the NFIX, PCNX4, CEP162 and ABHD2 genes using RT-qPCR. These findings demonstrated the involvement of APA and lincRNAs in the regulation of estrus expression in female pigs, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying estrus expression in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzheng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaohuan Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Asim Muhammad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiping Ao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Allan P Schinckel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA
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Zhang S, Pan P, Xie H, Wei C, Wang Q, Yang B, Sun Y, Li Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Jiang Q, Huang Y. Resveratrol improves meat quality traits by activating the lncRNAs-KEAP1-NRF2 axis in pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 209:109411. [PMID: 38061306 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This research aims at uncovering the effects and investigating the molecular mechanisms of dietary resveratrol (RES) supplementation on antioxidant capacity and meat quality of pigs. In this study, 20 μM RES could activate the KEAP1-NRF2 antioxidant defense pathway in response to oxidative stress in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells was firstly found. Then, twenty-four healthy crossbred castrated boars were allocated to 4 treatments that were fed with a basal diet (control) and a basal diet supplemented with 200 mg, 400 mg or 600 mg RES per Kilogram (kg) of feed for 41 days, respectively. 400 and 600 mg/kg RES-supplemented diet can effectively improve the meat quality traits and activities of antioxidizing enzymes via the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway of pigs. The molecular dynamic simulation further revealed that RES could directly binding to KEAP1 to reduce the tightness of KEAP1-NRF2 protein-protein interaction. More importantly, dietary supplementation of RES also improves antioxidant capacity through a series of KEAP1-NRF2 pathway-related lncRNAs were found by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Altogether, this study demonstrated that RES improves meat quality traits by effectively increasing antioxidant levels via the lncRNA-KEAP1-NRF2 axis in vivo and/or in vitro. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms by which RES, as a nutritional agent, regulates antioxidant capacity and improves meat quality in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanbao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hongyue Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Chongwan Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Bao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanjie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yunyan Luo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ying Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinyang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Yanna Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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239
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Heider A, Wedde M, Weinheimer V, Döllinger S, Monazahian M, Dürrwald R, Wolff T, Schweiger B. Characteristics of two zoonotic swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses isolated in Germany from diseased patients. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151609. [PMID: 38286065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Interspecies transmission of influenza A viruses (IAV) from pigs to humans is a concerning event as porcine IAV represent a reservoir of potentially pandemic IAV. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of two porcine A(H1N1)v viruses isolated from human cases by evaluating their genetic, antigenic and virological characteristics. The HA genes of those human isolates belonged to clades 1C.2.1 and 1C.2.2, respectively, of the A(H1N1) Eurasian avian-like swine influenza lineage. Antigenic profiling revealed substantial cross-reactivity between the two zoonotic H1N1 viruses and human A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and some swine viruses, but did not reveal cross-reactivity to H1N2 and earlier human seasonal A(H1N1) viruses. The solid-phase direct receptor binding assay analysis of both A(H1N1)v showed a predominant binding to α2-6-sialylated glycans similar to human-adapted IAV. Investigation of the replicative potential revealed that both A(H1N1)v viruses grow in human bronchial epithelial cells to similar high titers as the human A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Cytokine induction was studied in human alveolar epithelial cells A549 and showed that both swine viruses isolated from human cases induced higher amounts of type I and type III IFN, as well as IL6 compared to a seasonal A(H1N1) or a A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. In summary, we demonstrate a remarkable adaptation of both zoonotic viruses to propagate in human cells. Our data emphasize the needs for continuous monitoring of people and regions at increased risk of such trans-species transmissions, as well as systematic studies to quantify the frequency of these events and to identify viral molecular determinants enhancing the zoonotic potential of porcine IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Heider
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Marianne Wedde
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Viola Weinheimer
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Stephanie Döllinger
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Dürrwald
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Brunhilde Schweiger
- Division of Influenza Viruses and Other Respiratory Viruses, National Reference Centre for Influenza, Robert Koch-Institute, Seestrasse 10, Berlin 13353, Germany
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240
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Bora M. From pigs to wild boars, the rise of African swine fever in India. Virusdisease 2024; 35:66-68. [PMID: 38817405 PMCID: PMC11133263 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00853-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious transboundary disease of domestic pigs and wild boars. In India, introduction of ASF in early 2020 from outbreaks in domestic pigs reported from two north-eastern states and its further spread to several Indian states inflicted severe losses in pig and pork production. ASF has also been reported in wild boars (Sus scrofa) indicating a local transmission from domestic pigs with a high likelihood that it might attain an endemic status and threaten wildlife conservation by endangering the pygmy hogs (Porcula salvania), the world's smallest wild pig native to this region. To ensure future food security and prevent the implications of ASF in India, biosecurity and border measures, disease control strategies and production systems must be improved and modernized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bora
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141001 India
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241
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Zeng J, Lin Z, Tang J, Chen X, Huang K, Gan F. The role of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON-induced aggravation of inflammatory response in IL-10 deficient RAW264.7 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114557. [PMID: 38432439 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) as a mycotoxin was commonly found in food and cereals which can affect immune function and inflammatory response. The majority of foods contain DON at levels below the official limit. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of non-cytotoxic concentration of DON on inflammation and its mechanisms using the IL-10 gene-silenced RAW264.7 cell model. The results showed that a non-cytotoxic concentration of DON at 25 ng/ml aggravated IL-10 knockdown-induced inflammation, which was manifested by increasing IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA expression, migration and phagocytosis, decreasing IL-10 mRNA expression, and enhancing JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation. Adding JAK2 inhibitor AG490 attenuated the aggravating effect of DON on IL-10 knockdown-induced inflammation. In conclusion, a non-cytotoxic concentration of DON enhances the inflammatory response through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway when inflammation occurs in the body. These results indicated that non-cytotoxic concentrations of DON could aggravate inflammation when inflammation was induced by IL-10 knockdown, which increases vigilance against DON contamination at low concentration especially when an animal's body has inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziman Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiangyu Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xingxiang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Animal Nutritional Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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242
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Magtoto PD, Arruda BL, Magtoto RL, Mora-Díaz JC, Opulencia RB, Baum DH, Zimmerman JJ, Giménez-Lirola LG. Dynamics of antibody response and bacterial shedding of Mycoplasma hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae in oral fluids from experimentally inoculated pigs. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109999. [PMID: 38280306 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis (Mhr) and M. hyosynoviae (Mhs) are commensal organisms of the upper respiratory tract and tonsils but may also cause arthritis in pigs. In this study, 8-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs (n = 30; 3 groups, 10 pigs per group, 2 pigs per pen) were inoculated with Mhr, Mhs, or mock-inoculated with culture medium and then pen-based oral fluids were collected at different time points over the 56 days of the experimental study. Oral fluids tested by Mhr and Mhs quantitative real-time PCRs revealed Mhr DNA between day post inoculation (DPI) 5-52 and Mhs DNA between DPI 5-15. Oral fluids were likewise tested for antibody using isotype-specific (IgG, IgA, IgM) indirect ELISAs based on a recombinant chimeric polypeptide of variable lipoproteins (A-G) for Mhr and Tween 20-extracted surface proteins for Mhs. Mhr IgA was detected at DPI 7 and, relative to the control group, significant (p < 0.05) antibody responses were detected in the Mhr group between DPI 12-15 for IgM and DPI 36-56 for both IgA and IgG. In the Mhs group, IgM was detected at DPI 10 and significant (p < 0.05) IgG and IgA responses were detected at DPI 32-56 and DPI 44-56, respectively. This study demonstrated that oral fluid could serve as an effective and convenient antemortem sample for monitoring Mhr and Mhs in swine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Precy D Magtoto
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Pampanga State Agricultural University, Pampanga, the Philippines; College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronaldo L Magtoto
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rina B Opulencia
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, the Philippines
| | - David H Baum
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeff J Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luis G Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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243
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Zhao BC, Wang TH, Chen J, Qiu BH, Xu YR, Li JL. Essential oils improve nursery pigs' performance and appetite via modulation of intestinal health and microbiota. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:174-188. [PMID: 38357573 PMCID: PMC10864218 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Optimal intestinal health and functionality are essential for animal health and performance, and simultaneously intestinal nutrient transporters and intestinal peptides are also involved in appetite and feed intake control mechanisms. Given the potential of essential oil (EO) in improving animal performance and improving feed palatability, we hypothesized that dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol could improve performance and appetite of nursery pigs by modulating intestinal health and microbiota. Cinnamaldehyde (100 mg/kg), carvacrol (100 mg/kg), and their mixtures (including 50 mg/kg cinnamaldehyde and 50 mg/kg carvacrol) were supplemented into the diets of 240 nursery pigs for 42 d, and data related to performance were measured. Thereafter, the influence of EO on intestinal health, appetite and gut microbiota and their correlations were explored. EO supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the body weight, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of piglets, and reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhea rates in nursery pigs. Furthermore, EO increased (P < 0.05) the intestinal absorption area and the abundance of tight junction proteins, and decreased (P < 0.05) intestinal permeability and local inflammation. In terms of intestinal development and the mucus barrier, EO promoted intestinal development and increased (P < 0.05) the number of goblet cells. Additionally, we found that piglets in the EO-supplemented group had upregulated (P < 0.05) levels of transporters and digestive enzymes in the intestine, which were significantly associated with daily gain and feed utilization. In addition, EO supplementation somewhat improved appetite in nursery pigs, increased the diversity of the gut microbiome and the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and there was a correlation between altered bacterial structure and appetite-related hormones. These findings indicate that EO is effective in promoting growth performance and nutrient absorption as well as in regulating appetite by improving intestinal health and bacterial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Chen Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Tian-Hao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bai-Hao Qiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Chandana MS, Nair SS, Chaturvedi VK, Abhishek, Pal S, Charan MSS, Balaji S, Saini S, Vasavi K, Deepa P. Recent progress and major gaps in the vaccine development for African swine fever. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:997-1010. [PMID: 38311710 PMCID: PMC10920543 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The swine industry across the globe is recently facing a devastating situation imparted by a highly contagious and deadly viral disease, African swine fever. The disease is caused by a DNA virus, the African swine fever virus (ASFV) of the genus Asfivirus. ASFV affects both wild boars and domestic pigs resulting in an acute form of hemorrhagic fever. Since the first report in 1921, the disease remains endemic in some of the African countries. However, the recent occurrence of ASF outbreaks in Asia led to a fresh and formidable challenge to the global swine production industry. Culling of the infected animals along with the implementation of strict sanitary measures remains the only options to control this devastating disease. Efforts to develop an effective and safe vaccine against ASF began as early as in the mid-1960s. Different approaches have been employed for the development of effective ASF vaccines including inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, virus-vectored vaccines, and live attenuated vaccines (LAVs). Inactivated vaccines are a non-feasible strategy against ASF due to their inability to generate a complete cellular immune response. However genetically engineered vaccines, such as subunit vaccines, DNA vaccines, and virus vector vaccines, represent tailored approaches with minimal adverse effects and enhanced safety profiles. As per the available data, gene deleted LAVs appear to be the most potential vaccine candidates. Currently, a gene deleted LAV (ASFV-G-∆I177L), developed in Vietnam, stands as the sole commercially available vaccine against ASF. The major barrier to the goal of developing an effective vaccine is the critical gaps in the knowledge of ASFV biology and the immune response induced by ASFV infection. The precise contribution of various hosts, vectors, and environmental factors in the virus transmission must also be investigated in depth to unravel the disease epidemiology. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent progress in vaccine development against ASF and the major gaps associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Chandana
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India.
| | - Sonu S Nair
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India.
| | - V K Chaturvedi
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Santanu Pal
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | | | - Shilpa Balaji
- Division of Virology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Muktheswhar 263138, Utharakand, India
| | - Shubham Saini
- Division of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Koppu Vasavi
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, India
| | - Poloju Deepa
- Division of CADRAD, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhang X, Xu H, Gong L, Wang J, Fu J, Lv Z, Zhou L, Li X, Liu Q, Xia P, Guo Y. Mannanase improves the growth performance of broilers by alleviating inflammation of the intestinal epithelium and improving intestinal microbiota. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:376-394. [PMID: 38371477 PMCID: PMC10874740 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This experiment aimed to discuss and reveal the effect and mechanism of mannanase on intestinal inflammation in broilers triggered by a soybean meal diet. In this experiment, 384 Arbor Acres broilers at 1 d old were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups. The broilers were fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet, a low-energy diet (metabolizable energy reduced by 50 kcal/kg), and a low-energy diet supplemented with 100 mg/kg mannanase for 42 d. The low-energy diet increased feed conversion ratio from 0 to 42 d, reduced ileal villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio and upregulated the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the ileum (P < 0.05). It also reduced cecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as acetic acid (P < 0.05). Compared with low-energy diets, the addition of mannanase increased body weight at 42 d, promoted the digestibility of nutrients, and maintained the morphology and integrity of the intestinal epithelium of broilers (P < 0.05). In addition, mannanase upregulated the expression of claudin-1 (CLDN1) and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the jejunum at 21 d, downregulated the expression of ileal NF-κB, and increased the content of isobutyric acid in the cecum of broilers (P < 0.05). The results for the ileal microbiota showed that a low-energy diet led to a decrease in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri in the ileum of broilers. The addition of mannanase increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus-KC45b and Lactobacillus johnsonii in broilers. Furthermore, a low-energy diet reduced the relative abundance of Butyricicoccus in the intestine of broilers and inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and phosphoinositol metabolism. Mannanase increased the relative abundance of Odoribacter, promoted energy metabolism and N-glycan biosynthesis, and increased the activities of GH3 and GH18. It is concluded that mannanase could improve the growth performance of broilers by reducing the expression of NF-κB in the ileum, increasing the production of SCFA in the cecum, suppressing intestinal inflammation, balancing the intestinal microbiota, reducing damage to the intestinal barrier, and improving the efficiency of nutrient utilization to alleviate the adverse effects caused by the decrease in dietary energy level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zengpeng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liangjuan Zhou
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Pingyu Xia
- Beijing Strowin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Jin J, Liu M, Yu F, Sun MA, Wu Z. METTL3 enhances E. coli F18 resistance by targeting IKBKG/NF-κB signaling via an m 6A-YTHDF1-dependent manner in IPEC-J2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130101. [PMID: 38346619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli F18 introduces enormous losses to the porcine industry. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a ubiquitous epitranscriptomic biomarker that modulates host cell resistance to pathogen infection, however, its significance in E. coli F18-treated IPEC-J2 cells remains unexplored. Herein, we revealed that m6A and associated modulators strongly controlled E. coli F18 susceptibility. The data indicated an enhancement of METTL3 contents in E. coli F18-treated IPEC-J2 cells. METTL3 is known to be a major modulator of E. coli F18 adhesion within IPEC-J2 cells. As expected, METTL3 deficiency was observed to reduce m6A content at the IKBKG 5'-UTR, leading to critical suppression of YTHDF1-dependent IKBKG translation. Therefore, the activation of the NF-κB axis was observed, which enhanced IPEC-J2 resistance to E. coli F18 infection. Taken together, these findings uncover a potential mechanism underlying the m6A-mediated control of E. coli F18 susceptibility. This information may contribute to the establishment of new approaches for combating bacteria-induced diarrhea in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fuying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhengchang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; International Research Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonotic Diseases of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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247
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Baudoin F, Hogeveen H, Wauters E. Participatory identification of the causes of antimicrobial use and how they may vary according to differences in sector structure: The case of the Flemish pork and veal sectors. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106099. [PMID: 38241899 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human health has prompted many countries to adopt national action plans to reduce antimicrobial use (AMU) in farm animals. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the factors driving AMU in farm animals. While previous research has focused on gaining a better understanding of AMU from the perspective of farmers and veterinarians, less emphasis has been placed on examining the systemic and contextual factors that influence AMU from multiple viewpoints within the food supply chain. To this end, this paper describes a participatory approach involving multiple stakeholders from two distinct livestock sectors to identify the underlying drivers of AMU and explore their case-specificity. For each sector, we identified causes of AMU during four online focus groups, by co-creating a "problem tree", which resulted in the identification of over 50 technical, economic, regulatory, and sociocultural causes per sector and exploration of causal links. Following this, we analysed the focus group discussion through a content analysis and clustered causes of AMU that were related into 17 categories (i.e. main drivers of AMU), that we then classified as drivers of AMU at sector level or drivers of AMU at farm level. Finally, we compared the two sectors by assessing whether the generated categories (i.e. main drivers for AMU) had been discussed for both sectors and, if so, whether they involved the same causes and had the same implications. Through our analysis, we gained a better understanding of several main drivers of AMU at sector level, that result from systemic and/or contextual causes. As these cannot always be addressed by farmers and/or their veterinarian, we suggest that interventions should also target other actors related to these causes or consider them to help implement certain strategies. Furthermore, based on the results of our comparative analysis, we suggest that systemic structural differences, such as size and level of supply chain integration/fragmentation, may lead to differences in how animal health management is approached. This in turn may influence AMU's decision-making and the effectiveness of interventions, if they are generic and not tailored to the specificities of the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Baudoin
- Business Economics, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Henk Hogeveen
- Business Economics, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Erwin Wauters
- Social Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Duarte F, Allepuz A, Casal J, Armengol R, Mateu E, Castellà J, Heras J, Ciaravino G. Characterization of biosecurity practices among cattle transport drivers in Spain. Prev Vet Med 2024; 224:106138. [PMID: 38341944 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2024.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Transmission of pathogens between farms via animal transport vehicles is a potential concern; however, the available information on driver routines and biosecurity measures implemented during transport is limited. Given the above, the aim of this study was to describe and characterize the prevailing practices and biosecurity measures adopted by cattle transport drivers in Spain. Eighty-two drivers were surveyed via face-to-face or remotely. The survey included questions on general characteristics of the drivers (type of journeys and vehicles) together with biosecurity practices implemented during cattle transport and vehicle hygiene practices. Results showed that several risky practices are performed quite frequently such as visiting different premises with different levels of risk (e.g., breeder and fattening farms); entering the farm premises to load/unload animals, passing by several farms to load and unload animals, or not always cleaning and disinfecting the vehicle between travels, among others. To explore similarities among the drivers and identify groups sharing specific practices, hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) was computed on the results of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). The first three MCA dimensions (out of 13) were retained in the agglomerative clustering and four different clusters were identified. Clusters 1 and Cluster 4 accounted for 39.5% and 29.6% of respondents, respectively. The clusters were mainly differentiated by practices in the loading/unloading of cattle, such as the frequency of contact with animals remaining on the farm, and the frequency of the vehicle's disinfection between farms. Cluster 2 and Cluster 3 were of similar size, about 15% of respondents each. Cluster 2 consisted of drivers who mainly made journeys to slaughterhouse, while drivers in Cluster 3 were characterised by the use of working clothes and boots. Based on these findings, it is advisable to increase awareness on the role that animal transport can have in the spread of pathogens between cattle farms and the importance of biosecurity in preventing such transmission. There is also a need to support animal transport professionals in such task, not only through the development of initiatives to increase awareness, but also through the investment in improving cleaning and disinfection facilities and to consider the economic cost associated with some practices to not compromise the economic viability of the sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Duarte
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Allepuz
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Armengol
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida 25002, Spain
| | - Enric Mateu
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Castellà
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Heras
- Dairy professionals - Vether Girona S.L. Girona, 17843, Spain
| | - Giovanna Ciaravino
- Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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249
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Han B, Tian D, Li X, Liu S, Tian F, Liu D, Wang S, Zhao K. Multiomics Analyses Provide New Insight into Genetic Variation of Reproductive Adaptability in Tibetan Sheep. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae058. [PMID: 38552245 PMCID: PMC10980521 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestication and artificial selection during production-oriented breeding have greatly shaped the level of genomic variability in sheep. However, the genetic variation associated with increased reproduction remains elusive. Here, two groups of samples from consecutively monotocous and polytocous sheep were collected for genome-wide association, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses to explore the genetic variation in fecundity in Tibetan sheep. Genome-wide association study revealed strong associations between BMPR1B (p.Q249R) and litter size, as well as between PAPPA and lambing interval; these findings were validated in 1,130 individuals. Furthermore, we constructed the first single-cell atlas of Tibetan sheep ovary tissues and identified a specific mural granulosa cell subtype with PAPPA-specific expression and differential expression of BMPR1B between the two groups. Bulk RNA-seq indicated that BMPR1B and PAPPA expressions were similar between the two groups of sheep. 3D protein structure prediction and coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that mutation and mutually exclusive exons of BMPR1B are the main mechanisms for prolific Tibetan sheep. We propose that PAPPA is a key gene for stimulating ovarian follicular growth and development, and steroidogenesis. Our work reveals the genetic variation in reproductive performance in Tibetan sheep, providing insights and valuable genetic resources for the discovery of genes and regulatory mechanisms that improve reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buying Han
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Dehong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Sijia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Dehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
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250
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Jaramillo-Jaramillo AS, Blanvillain-Rivera V, Coulson TJD, Farzan V, Friendship R, Labbe A. Effect of a Lactococcus lactis culture supernatant on diarrhea and performance parameters of piglets in the post-weaning period and on expression of the faeG gene in vitro. THE CANADIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL = LA REVUE VETERINAIRE CANADIENNE 2024; 65:259-266. [PMID: 38434158 PMCID: PMC10880393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effects of a cell-free supernatant from Lactococcus lactis (CFSM) on performance and diarrhearelated parameters and the presence of F4+ enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in piglets during post-weaning, and to evaluate the in vitro effect of the CFSM on faeG gene expression in an E. coli F4+. Animals and procedure In 3 trials with 90 piglets per trial, pigs were assigned to receive a placebo or 1 of 2 CFSM treatments and observed for diarrhea and performance. Fecal swabs were taken to determine the presence of ETEC. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to assess faeG gene expression in E. coli 21259 after treatment with CFSM at 50 mg/mL. Results The CFSM administered for 14 d at a dose of 24 mg/kg BW (2X) reduced diarrhea-related parameters compared to the placebo. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that, in E. coli 21259 treated with CFSM at 50 mg/mL, expression of the faeG gene was significantly repressed (P < 0.0001) relative to that in the untreated control. Conclusion The evaluated CFSM reduced the frequency and prevalence of diarrhea in a field situation. The in vitro treatment had an inhibitory effect on the expression of the faeG gene in F4+ E. coli 21259.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sophia Jaramillo-Jaramillo
- MicroSintesis, 797 Victoria Road, Victoria, Prince Edward Island C0A 2G0 (Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Blanvillain-Rivera, Coulson, Labbe); Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Farzan, Friendship)
| | - Virginie Blanvillain-Rivera
- MicroSintesis, 797 Victoria Road, Victoria, Prince Edward Island C0A 2G0 (Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Blanvillain-Rivera, Coulson, Labbe); Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Farzan, Friendship)
| | - Thomas J D Coulson
- MicroSintesis, 797 Victoria Road, Victoria, Prince Edward Island C0A 2G0 (Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Blanvillain-Rivera, Coulson, Labbe); Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Farzan, Friendship)
| | - Vahab Farzan
- MicroSintesis, 797 Victoria Road, Victoria, Prince Edward Island C0A 2G0 (Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Blanvillain-Rivera, Coulson, Labbe); Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Farzan, Friendship)
| | - Robert Friendship
- MicroSintesis, 797 Victoria Road, Victoria, Prince Edward Island C0A 2G0 (Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Blanvillain-Rivera, Coulson, Labbe); Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Farzan, Friendship)
| | - Alain Labbe
- MicroSintesis, 797 Victoria Road, Victoria, Prince Edward Island C0A 2G0 (Jaramillo-Jaramillo, Blanvillain-Rivera, Coulson, Labbe); Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 (Farzan, Friendship)
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