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Gosch N, Schulte EM, Kauffeld S. Capturing the impact employees have on their coworkers and leaders: a holistic approach on health-specific support behavior from employees. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1183862. [PMID: 37457060 PMCID: PMC10349332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Support is a valuable resource for ensuring employee health in the workplace. However, research on health-specific support behavior (i.e., support specifically targeting concrete health aspects) has only concentrated on either leader behavior (e.g., healthy leadership styles) or support provided by employees for specific health issues (e.g., healthy eating or smoking cessation). Although the importance of employee health has been well established, the examination of a wider range of potential health-specific support behaviors from employees provided for their colleagues and leaders has been neglected. To understand employee health-specific support behavior, we adapted an existing health-oriented leadership questionnaire to cover support for colleagues (PeerCare) and their leaders (LeaderCare). Capturing the employee perspective with a sample of 347 employees, the results confirmed a delineation of health-oriented scales (factor, convergent, and discriminant validity). By testing health-specific support behavior processes at work, the positive effects of PeerCare on general health were demonstrated. Contrary to expectations, existing health effects are outweighed when leaders provide health-specific support behavior to their employees (StaffCare). However, the results imply that the health-specific support behavior practices of different actors reinforce each other: the effects of StaffCare and PeerCare enhance each other, and StaffCare has a strong influence on LeaderCare. Remarkably, SelfCare has a key role in this process. The open questions and implications regarding the effects of the different health-specific support behavior measurements are discussed.
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202
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Grimalda G, Buchan NR, Brewer MB. Global social identity predicts cooperation at local, national, and global levels: Results from international experiments. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1008567. [PMID: 37457075 PMCID: PMC10349348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1008567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals who identify themselves with humanity as a whole tend to be more prosocial in a number of different domains, from giving to international charities to volunteering for humanitarian causes. In this paper, we show that global identity is "inclusive" in character. That is, rather than neglecting or diminishing attachments to local and national groups, identification with all of humanity encourages individuals to embrace local and national goals at no lesser intensity than they embrace global goals. We have done so using experimental data on social dilemmas at the local level and nested social dilemmas at the local and national level, as well as at the local and world levels. Experiments were conducted with adult samples in the United States, Italy, Russia, Argentina, South Africa, and Iran. We show that the higher the identification with global collectives, net of identification with local and national collectives, the higher the cooperation at the local, national, and world levels. Conversely, local social identity is not significantly associated with cooperation at any level of interaction, while national social identity, net of local and global identification, tends overall to have a negative correlation with cooperation, particularly at the local level. We also show that individuals with strong global identity are significantly more optimistic of others' contributions than individuals with lower levels of global identification, but they are as accurate as others in predicting others' cooperation at the local and national levels. Their forecast error is instead systematically larger than that of all others for cooperation at the world level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nancy R. Buchan
- Darla Moore School of Business, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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203
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MacMartin C, Wheat H, Coe JB. Conversation Analysis of Clients' Active Resistance to Veterinarians' Proposals for Long-Term Dietary Change in Companion Animal Practice in Ontario, Canada. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2150. [PMID: 37443949 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of nutrition on animal health requires effective diet-related treatment recommendations in veterinary medicine. Despite low reported rates of veterinary clients' adherence with dietary recommendations, little is known about how clients' resistance to nutritional proposals is managed in the talk of veterinary consultations. This conversation-analytic study investigated clients' active resistance to veterinarians' proposals for long-term changes to cats' and dogs' diets in 23 segments from 21 videotaped appointments in Ontario, Canada. Clients' accounts suggested the proposals themselves or nutritional modifications were unnecessary, inappropriate, or unfeasible, most often based on patients' food preferences, multi-pet feeding issues, current use of equivalent strategies, or current enactment of the proposed changes. Resistance arose when veterinarians constructed proposals without first gathering relevant diet- and patient-related information, soliciting clients' perspectives, or educating them about the benefits of recommended changes. Veterinarians subsequently accommodated clients' concerns more often when resistance involved patient- or client-related issues rather than clients' lack of medical knowledge. The design of subsequent proposals accepted by clients frequently replaced dietary changes in the initial proposals with nutritional or non-nutritional alternatives and oriented to uncertainty about adherence. This study provides evidence-based findings for developing effective communication training and practice guidelines in nutritional assessment and shared decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare MacMartin
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Hannah Wheat
- Community and Primary Care Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, UK
| | - Jason B Coe
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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204
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Yu X, Liu J, Lin Y, Chen X, Lu C. The metacognitive experience of time passing in Chinese college students: scale development, structure verification, and influencing factors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1180863. [PMID: 37448714 PMCID: PMC10338092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1180863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The experience of time passing (ETP) is also the consciousness of the progress of life. ETP contributes to time regulation and life management, which basically conforms to the metacognitive theory. Also, the traditional Chinese cultural approach to time emphasizes ETP. It is an indispensable part of Chinese education and culture to strengthen one's appreciation of time by emphasizing the passage of time. In combination with the above two points, ETP equals metacognitive experience of time passing (METP) to a certain extent. However, we currently know little about the connotations of METP. To better understand traditional Chinese time culture, and referring to the concept of metacognition and model of time experience as proposed by Western scholars, the current study combined the results of open and semi-structured interviews, to explore the structure of METP in Chinese college students and developed a questionnaire with which to measure it. Using convenience sampling, 2,876 college students were recruited, the interview, and the reliability and validity tests were carried out. Five hundred and seventy-nine college students were tested a second time to investigate the correlation validity between METP and Ruminative Responses, time attitude, and meaning in life. The results led to the development of the METP Scale which contains 15 items and assesses two factors: ruminative and emotional experience of time passing. The two-factor model was well fitted, and invariable in measurements across gender, grade, and major. The internal consistency coefficients of the scale and its two factors ranged from 0.82 to 0.89, the half-point reliability between 0.76 and 0.88, and the retest reliability ranged from 0.77 to 0.78. METP Scale has good correlation validity, meanwhile, the results of regression analysis showed that symptom rumination, positive past, negative present, positive future, and searching for meaning in life significantly predict the intensity of METP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xide Yu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiafan Liu
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaohui Lin
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Education Science, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianli Chen
- School of Medicine, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Student Affairs Office, Guangzhou South College, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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205
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Howlett P, Baysu G, Atkinson AP, Jungert T, Rychlowska M. Friendship habits questionnaire: A measure of group- versus dyadic-oriented socializing styles. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285767. [PMID: 37379260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Friendships are central to our social lives, yet little is known about individual differences associated with the number of friends people enjoy spending time with. Here we present the Friendship Habits Questionnaire (FHQ), a new scale of group versus dyadic-oriented friendship styles. Three studies investigated the psychometric properties of group-oriented friendships and the relevant individual differences. The initially developed questionnaire measured individual differences in extraversion as well as desire for intimacy, competitiveness, and group identification, traits that previous research links with socializing in groups versus one-to-one friendships. In three validation studies involving more than 800 participants (353 men, age M = 25.76) and using principal and confirmatory factor analyses, we found that the structure of the FHQ is best described with four dimensions: extraversion, intimacy, positive group identification, and negative group identification. Therefore, competitiveness was dropped from the final version of the FHQ. Moreover, FHQ scores reliably predicted the size of friendship groups in which people enjoy socializing, suggesting good construct validity. Together, our results document individual differences in pursuing group versus dyadic-oriented friendships and provide a new tool for measuring such differences.
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206
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Medill SA, Janz DM, McLoughlin PD. Hair Cortisol and Testosterone Concentrations in Relation to Maturity and Breeding Status of Male Feral Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2129. [PMID: 37443926 PMCID: PMC10339860 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid-hormone concentrations from non-invasively obtained biomarkers, like hair, can provide a representation of circulating hormones diffused over relatively long time periods (e.g., weeks or months). The hormone cortisol is often associated with physiological or even psychological stress, while testosterone is strongly associated with male development and reproductive success. Increasingly, studies are using hormone levels derived from hair to make inferences among both domestic animals and wildlife. For horses, all previous hair hormone analysis has been done on companion or working animals. We evaluated the levels of hair cortisol (n = 153) and testosterone (n = 48) from 136 feral horses living on Sable Island, Canada that have been part of a long-term individual-based study since 2008. This population has been undisturbed and unmanaged for over 50 years, and exhibits the natural social organization for horses, harem defense polygyny. Hair samples were collected in mid to late summer and the segment analyzed corresponds with hair grown during, and following, the peak of the reproductive season. Social position was determined based on the male's role as either a dominant breeding Stallion (Stallion), a non-breeding subordinate male (tag), adult Bachelor (5 years old or older), or Immature male (2-4 years of age). While there was no difference in hair-cortisol concentration among any class of adult males (i.e., Stallion, tag, or Bachelor), Immature males had significantly lower hair cortisol concentrations than the other groups (p = 0.001). Hair testosterone levels among the four social positions were significantly higher among Stallions (p = 0.04). Hair testosterone concentration was also significantly related to the probability of a male being either a Bachelor or Stallion and was the only variable remaining in AICc model selection (p = 0.016, AICc = 32.3, Null AICc = 38.8). While not a significant relationship, Stallions had a negative correlation between hair cortisol concentrations and testosterone (R2 = -0.20, p = 0.383), and Bachelors, conversely, had a positive association (R2 = 0.43, p = 0.246). Our observations of hormone concentrations in relation to physiological, social, or reproductive parameters in this population suggest trends that are similar to what has been established using blood or other matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Medill
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada;
| | - David M. Janz
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada;
| | - Philip D. McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada;
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207
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Fan S, Yu Z, Zheng X, Gao C. Relationship between psychological adaptability and work engagement of college teachers within smart teaching environments: the mediating role of digital information literacy self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1057158. [PMID: 37441334 PMCID: PMC10335833 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1057158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Integrating the Internet and traditional teaching has enriched teaching resources and methods and introduced many advanced digital media. The smart teaching process is influenced by teachers' psychological adaptability, which can be affected by teachers' work engagement. However, the relationship between the two has not received sufficient attention in the literature. This study aims to analyze the relationship between college teachers' psychological adaptability and work engagement in a smart teaching environment. Methods Applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to a sample of 373 front-line teachers, this study focuses on the mediating effect of digital information literacy self-efficacy on the relationship between teachers' psychological adaptability and work engagement. Results The results show that the four dimensions of college teachers' psychological adaptability strongly influence work engagement and digital information literacy self-efficacy. In particular, teachers' psychological adaptability and work engagement are positively correlated; teachers' self-efficacy can positively affect the three dimensions of their work engagement, and teachers' psychological adaptability can positively affect their digital information literacy self-efficacy. Conclusion The above results can serve as a basis for the development and improvement of the training of college teachers and the implementation of smart teaching. The study findings highlight the importance of training teachers on information technology teaching and implementing measures to enhance teachers' digital information literacy self-efficacy. Training should focus on the knowledge and skills of teachers using information technology teaching and increase the practical links of teachers using information technology teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Fan
- Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Faculty Affairs, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhai Gao
- Faculty of Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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208
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Goering M, Albright MG, Mrug S. The Effects of Pubertal Timing on Academic Performance in Adolescence and Career Success in Adulthood: Evidence from a 16-year Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01814-6. [PMID: 37365304 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Previous research showed inconsistent effects of pubertal timing on adolescent academic performance and adult career success. Moreover, the relative importance of biological vs. perceived pubertal timing has not been examined. This study examined effects of biological and perceived pubertal timing on academic performance throughout adolescence and career success in adulthood together with sex differences in an understudied population of pre-dominantly Black youth from lower income families. The sample included 704 youth (52% male, 76% Black, 22% White) interviewed at four time points (Mean ages: 11.8, 13.2, 17.6, and 27.7 years). The results from a mediation path model showed that among males, perceived off-time pubertal timing uniquely predicted lower concurrent academic performance as well as lower objective career success in adulthood; this effect was mediated by lower academic performance throughout adolescence. Additionally, results from bivariate correlation analyses showed associations between early biological pubertal timing and lower concurrent academic performance in males and early perceived pubertal timing and lower concurrent academic performance among females. These findings contribute to the understanding of more nuanced links between pubertal timing, academic performance and subsequent career success in an understudied population of pre-dominantly Black youth from lower income families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Goering
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | | | - Sylvie Mrug
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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209
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Weiss-Sidi M, Riemer H. Help others-be happy? The effect of altruistic behavior on happiness across cultures. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1156661. [PMID: 37425146 PMCID: PMC10326385 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1156661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has established that altruistic behavior increases happiness. We examined this phenomenon across cultures, differentiating between individualistic and collectivist cultures. We propose that cultural variations in the notion of altruism lead to different effects of helping on the helper's happiness. For individualists, altruism is linked to self-interest ("impure" altruism), and helping others results in increased happiness for the helper. For collectivists, altruism is focused on the recipient ("pure" altruism), and helping others is less likely to enhance the helper's happiness. Four studies support our predictions. Study 1 measured the dispositions toward altruism among people with various cultural orientations. Consistent with our predictions, the findings showed that individualism (collectivism) was positively associated with tendencies reflecting more "impure" ("pure") altruism. Two experimental studies then examined the moderating role of cultural orientation on the effect of spending money on oneself versus others (Study 2) or of doing a kind action (making tea for oneself versus others; Study 3). Both experimental studies demonstrated that altruistic behavior had a positive effect on happiness for individualists but not for collectivists. Finally, Study 4, which utilized data from the World Values Survey to examine the altruism-happiness link in various countries, displayed a stronger link between altruistic behavior and happiness in individualistic (vs. collectivist) cultures. Altogether, this research sheds light on cultural differences in the display of altruism, revealing different motivations for and consequences of altruistic behaviors.
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210
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Fang C, Comery A, Carr S. "They want you to know who they really are inside of the old visage"-biographical storytelling as a methodological tool to explore emotional challenges in old age. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 37353745 PMCID: PMC10290368 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing older is often associated with resilience, contentedness and inner growth. Older people however are also at risk of confronting unique emotional challenges as a result of varied ageing-related experiences. By employing a biographical lens, we aim to introduce storytelling as a methodological tool to more holistically explore older people's emotional challenges and to improve their wellbeing. METHODS Building upon theoretical understandings about the narrative construction of identity across the life span, we draw upon a qualitative study about older people's loneliness as an example to showcase the methodological value and feasibility of biographical storytelling. We aim to better understand the nuanced and sometimes painful emotional experiences that can be encountered alongside ageing. RESULTS Findings from the qualitative study we showcase, highlight that unique emotional pains and the (in)ability to deal with such in old age could be deeply rooted in older people's earlier lives. These findings contextualise people's emotional challenges and needs within their identity, as a narrative thread that links their past, present and expected future. As such, our example study shows that emotional challenges in old age are not only ageing-related, but can be more fundamentally connected to disruptions to the ongoing flow of narrative identity construction. CONCLUSION The highly retrospective and reflexive nature of these findings illustrates the methodological merit of biographical storytelling. We argue that the impact of biographical storytelling can go further than both conventional semi-structured narrative interviews and existing interventional tools. Instead, it is a particularly useful research methodology to explore human experiences and needs in the unique context of ageing. This methodological development thus provides an insightful analytical lens to explore how older people's earlier life experiences may be carried forward and confronted to shape their emotional stability in the present and future stages of their ageing lives. Beyond the methodological significance, we further demonstrate the benefits of empowering older people to reconstruct their ageing lives in the context of their biography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Department of Social and Policy Science and Centre for Death and Society, University of Bath, 3 East, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Alastair Comery
- Department of Social and Policy Science and Centre for Death and Society, University of Bath, 3 East, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sam Carr
- Department of Education and Centre for Death and Society, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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211
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Barradell AC, Robertson N, Houchen-Wolloff L, Singh SJ. Exploring the Presence of Implicit Bias Amongst Healthcare Professionals Who Refer Individuals Living with COPD to Pulmonary Rehabilitation with a Specific Focus Upon Smoking and Exercise. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:1287-1299. [PMID: 37366431 PMCID: PMC10290857 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s389379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We are developing a shared decision-making intervention for individuals with COPD who are deciding between Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) programme options. Previously, we identified Healthcare Professional (HCP) beliefs about the characteristics of COPD individuals as a barrier to PR conversations. Beliefs can lead to implicit biases which influence behaviour. To inform our shared decision-making intervention, we aimed to measure the presence of implicit bias amongst HCPs who refer individuals with COPD to PR. Methods We utilised the Implicit Association Test to measure HCPs response times when categorising words related to smoking or exercise (eg stub, run) to matching concepts or evaluations of concepts (eg "smoking, unpleasant" or "exercise, pleasant") and unmatching concepts or evaluations of concepts (eg "smoking, pleasant" or "exercise, unpleasant"). We approached HCPs across the UK. Following consent, we collected demographic data and then administered the test. The primary outcome was the standardised mean difference in response times from the matching and unmatching categorisations (D4-score), measured using a one-sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. We explored the relationship between HCP demographics and their D4-scores using Spearman Rho correlation analysis and logistic regression. Results Of 124 HCPs screened, 104 (83.9%) consented. Demographic data were available for 88 (84.6%). About 68.2% were female and most (28.4%) were in the 45-54 years age category. Test data were available for 69 (66.3%) participants. D4-scores ranged from 0.99 to 2.64 indicating implicit favouring of matching categorisation (MD-score = 1.69, SDD-score = 0.38, 95% CID-score 1.60-1.78, p < 0.05). This was significantly different from zero, z = -7.20, p < 0.05, with a large effect size (r = 0.61, (28)). No demographic predictors of implicit bias were identifiable. Conclusion HCPs demonstrated negative bias towards smoking and positive bias towards exercising. Since implicit bias impacts behaviour, we plan to develop intervention components (eg decision coaching training) to enable HCPs to fully and impartially support shared decision-making for a menu of PR options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Barradell
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
- Multiple Long Term Conditions, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration (East Midlands), Leicester, UK
| | - Noelle Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Linzy Houchen-Wolloff
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Sally J Singh
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
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212
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Pogue K, Altman JD, Lee AA, Miner DS, Skyles TJ, Bodily RJ, Crook TB, Nielson BU, Hinton K, Busacker L, Mecham ZE, Rose AM, Black S, Poole BD. Decrease in Overall Vaccine Hesitancy in College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1132. [PMID: 37514948 PMCID: PMC10384532 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11071132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic changed our world as we know it and continues to be a global problem three years since the pandemic began. Several vaccines were produced, but there was a considerable amount of societal turmoil surrounding them that has affected the way people view not only COVID-19 vaccines but all vaccines. We used a survey to compare how attitudes towards vaccination have changed in college students during the pandemic. An initial survey was administered in 2021, then a follow-up in 2022. Out of 316 respondents who answered the first survey, 192 completed the follow-up. The survey was designed to measure trends in changes to vaccine attitudes since the COVID-19 pandemic began. By comparing the first survey in 2021 and the follow-up, we found that roughly 55% of respondents' vaccine attitudes did not change, roughly 44% of respondents' attitudes towards vaccines became more positive, and only about 1% of the respondents' vaccine attitudes became more negative. Improved view of vaccines was associated with political views and increased trust in medicine and the healthcare system. Worsened opinions of vaccines were associated with a belief that the COVID-19 vaccine affected fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendall Pogue
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jessica D Altman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Abigail A Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Dashiell S Miner
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ty J Skyles
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ruth J Bodily
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Triston B Crook
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bryce U Nielson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Hinton
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lydia Busacker
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zoe E Mecham
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Agnes M Rose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Scott Black
- Department of English, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brian D Poole
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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213
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Merritt SH, Gaffuri K, Zak PJ. Accurately predicting hit songs using neurophysiology and machine learning. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1154663. [PMID: 37408542 PMCID: PMC10318137 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1154663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying hit songs is notoriously difficult. Traditionally, song elements have been measured from large databases to identify the lyrical aspects of hits. We took a different methodological approach, measuring neurophysiologic responses to a set of songs provided by a streaming music service that identified hits and flops. We compared several statistical approaches to examine the predictive accuracy of each technique. A linear statistical model using two neural measures identified hits with 69% accuracy. Then, we created a synthetic set data and applied ensemble machine learning to capture inherent non-linearities in neural data. This model classified hit songs with 97% accuracy. Applying machine learning to the neural response to 1st min of songs accurately classified hits 82% of the time showing that the brain rapidly identifies hit music. Our results demonstrate that applying machine learning to neural data can substantially increase classification accuracy for difficult to predict market outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H. Merritt
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Gaffuri
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Paul J. Zak
- Center for Neuroeconomics Studies, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, United States
- Immersion Neuroscience, Henderson, NV, United States
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214
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Zhang D, Zhang S, Lei Z, Li Y, Li X, Gu R. Why people engage in corrupt collaboration: an observation at the multi-brain level. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:8465-8476. [PMID: 37083271 PMCID: PMC10786094 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that corrupt collaboration (i.e. acquiring private benefits with joint immoral acts) represents a dilemma between the honesty and reciprocity norms. In this study, we asked pairs of participants (labeled as A and B) to individually toss a coin and report their outcomes; their collective benefit could be maximized by dishonestly reporting (a corrupt behavior). As expected, the likelihood of corrupt behavior was high; this probability was negatively correlated with player A's moral judgment ability but positively correlated with player B's empathic concern (EC). Functional near-infrared spectroscopy data revealed that the brain-to-brain synchronization in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with fewer corrupt behaviors, and that it mediated the relationship between player A's moral judgment ability and corrupt collaboration. Meanwhile, the right temporal-parietal junction synchronization was associated with more corrupt behaviors, and that it mediated the relationship between player B's EC and corrupt collaboration. The roles of these 2 regions are interpreted according to the influence of the honesty and reciprocity norms on corrupt collaboration. In our opinion, these findings provide insight into the underlying mechanisms and modulating factors of corrupt collaboration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance & School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance & School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xianchun Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ruolei Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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215
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Goldbach JT, Schrager SM, Mamey MR, Klemmer C, Holloway IW, Castro CA. Development and Validation of the Military Minority Stress Scale. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6184. [PMID: 37372770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite affecting nearly 3% of active-duty service members, little is known about how LGBT-related stress experiences may relate to health outcomes. Thus, the present study sought to create a Military Minority Stress Scale and assess its initial reliability and construct validity in a cross-sectional study of active-duty LGBT service members (N = 248). Associations between 47 candidate items and health outcomes of interest were analyzed to retain those with substantial betas. Item response theory analyzes, reliability testing, invariance testing, and exploratory factor analysis were performed. Construct validity of the final measure was assessed through associations between the sum score of the final measure and the health outcomes. The final 13-item measure demonstrated an excellent reliability (ω = 0.95). Bivariate linear regressions showed significant associations between the sum score of the measure and overall health (β = -0.26, p < 0.001), overall mental health (β = -0.34, p < 0.001), physical health (β = 0.45, p < 0.001), life satisfaction (β = -0.24, p < 0.001), anxiety (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), depressive symptoms (β = 0.37, p < 0.001), suicidality (β = 0.26, p < 0.001), and PTSD (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), respectively. This study provides the first evidence that minority stressors in the military setting can be operationalized and measured. They appear to have a role in the health of LGBT service members and may explain the continued health disparities experienced by this population. Little is known regarding the experiences of LGBT active-duty service members, including experiences of discrimination. Understanding these experiences and their associated health outcomes during military service may therefore help and guide further etiological studies and intervention development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T Goldbach
- The Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sheree M Schrager
- Department of Graduate Studies and Research, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA 90747, USA
| | | | - Cary Klemmer
- Sexuality, Relationship, Gender Research Collective, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian W Holloway
- Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carl A Castro
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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216
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Spagnolli A, Cenzato G, Gamberini L. Modeling the Conversation with Digital Health Assistants in Adherence Apps: Some Considerations on the Similarities and Differences with Familiar Medical Encounters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6182. [PMID: 37372768 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Digital health assistants (DHAs) are conversational agents incorporated into health systems' interfaces, exploiting an intuitive interaction format appreciated by the users. At the same time, however, their conversational format can evoke interactional practices typical of health encounters with human doctors that might misguide the users. Awareness of the similarities and differences between novel mediated encounters and more familiar ones helps designers avoid unintended expectations and leverage suitable ones. Focusing on adherence apps, we analytically discuss the structure of DHA-patient encounters against the literature on physician-patient encounters and the specific affordances of DHAs. We synthesize our discussion into a design checklist and add some considerations about DHA with unconstrained natural language interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Spagnolli
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Human Inspired Technologies Research Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Cenzato
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Human Inspired Technologies Research Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Luciano Gamberini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Human Inspired Technologies Research Centre, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
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217
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Zhang X, Hammersmith AM. Children's Transitions to Adulthood and Midlife Parents' Depressive Symptoms and Activities of Daily Living Conditions in the United States. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6151. [PMID: 37372737 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20126151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents and children are close over the life course. However, these relationships often change as parents age and children enter adulthood. Today, the entrance into adulthood for children has become delayed and increasingly unstable. Such changes may interrupt the child's acquisition of resources used to support themselves and their midlife parents, having implications for parents' mental and physical health. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of adult children's transitions to adulthood on parents' mental and physical health. METHODS Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and the Add Health Parent Study (AHPS), we investigated how certain transitions to adulthood (e.g., education, marriage, residential independence, employment, parenthood, and incarceration) for children were linked to the mental and physical health of their midlife parents. RESULTS In sum, we found that children's educational attainment was linked to fewer activities of daily living (ADL) limitations and depressive symptoms among parents. Children's marriage and employment were also associated with fewer ADL limitations among parents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that adult children's circumstances are associated with the mental and physical health of their midlife parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Anna M Hammersmith
- Department of Sociology, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI 49401, USA
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218
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Sato S, Kinoshita K, Kondo M, Yabunaka Y, Yamada Y, Tsuchiya H. Student athlete well-being framework: an empirical examination of elite college student athletes. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1171309. [PMID: 37397335 PMCID: PMC10313406 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1171309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study proposes a multidimensional student athlete well-being framework (SAWBF). The authors used 12 items to capture SAWBF comprised of four well-being dimensions (i.e., physical, hedonic, psychological, and social well-being). To empirically assess the reliability and validity of the framework, data from elite collegiate student athletes in Japan (N = 546) were procured. The results indicated sufficient convergent and discriminant validities of SAWBF. The authors also assessed predictive validity correlations of the framework by focusing on the oft-supported well-being outcome-organizational citizenship behavior, which were also found to be associated with SAWBF. The findings indicated the usefulness of SAWBF; and coaches and staff members can utilize the framework to multi-dimensionally understand well-being status of their student athletes, potentially boosting adaptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Sato
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Midori Kondo
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Yabunaka
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yaeko Yamada
- Graduate School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tsuchiya
- Department of Health and Sport Management, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Kumatori, Osaka, Japan
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219
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Aladel A, Dakhakhni B, Almuhtadi Y, Alsheweir A, Aljammaz S. Effect of Weight Self-Stigma on Quality of Life and Dietary Habits among Adult Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1754. [PMID: 37372872 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11121754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Weight self-stigma (WSS) is a personal experience of negative self-evaluations, perceived discrimination, and shame about body weight. Studies suggested that WSS could negatively affect quality of life, eating behavior, and psychological outcomes. WSS has been linked with a number of obesogenic health outcomes that complicate weight loss interventions. Thus, this study aimed to examine the effect of WSS on the quality of life and dietary habits among adult students. A sample of 385 students from Riyadh universities participated in this cross-sectional study and completed three online questionnaires: the WSS questionnaire, the WHO quality of life questionnaire, and a dietary habit questionnaire. The average age of participants was 24 ± 6.74, and the majority were female (78.4%). Results demonstrated a negative association between all QOL domains and WSS (p < 0.001). Moreover, higher BMI is associated with increased self-devaluation and fear of enacted stigma (p < 0.001). There was also a negative link between both quality and quantity of food with WSS (p < 0.01). No significant difference was seen in study outcomes concerning gender. The findings of this study suggest the importance of increasing awareness about the negative impact of WSS and developing social policies to prevent or decrease it. Additionally, multidisciplinary teams, especially dietitians, should be more aware of WSS when dealing with overweight and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanoud Aladel
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badeeah Dakhakhni
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Almuhtadi
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzah Alsheweir
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeem Aljammaz
- Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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220
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Vakilabad RN, Kheiri R, Islamzadeh N, Afshar PF, Ajri-Khameslou M. A survey of social well-being among employees, retirees, and nursing students: a descriptive-analytical study. BMC Nurs 2023; 22:199. [PMID: 37312197 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social well-being is one of the essential dimensions of individual health. Nursing is one of the occupations that can affect a person's well-being. This study aimed to determine social well-being among employees, retirees, and nursing students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. 321 samples participated in this study. Convenience sampling method was used to collect samples. Two questionnaires of demographic characteristics and the Keyes Social Well-being Questionnaire were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Linear regression analysis by the Backward Elimination method were applied using SPSS 14.0. RESULTS The mean total social well-being score of this study's participants was 100 ± 16.43. The mean social well-being score among nursing employees was 109.58 ± 15.98, among nursing retirees was 95.67 ± 12.55, and among nursing students was 93.14 ± 14.81. Nursing students had lower social well-being scores than nursing employees and retirees (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a significant relationship between the number of children (p = 0.04) (β = -0.11), marital status (p = 0.04) (β = 2.95), and employment status (p < 0/001) (β = 0.451) and social well-being and predicted 25% of the total variance of social well-being. CONCLUSION According to the results of this study, the social well-being of retirees and nursing students was significantly lower than nursing employees. Therefore, the educational and healthcare systems of the countries must take the necessary measures to improve the Social well-being of this group of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nemati Vakilabad
- RN Students Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Roya Kheiri
- RN Students Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Negin Islamzadeh
- RN Students Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Pouya Farokhnezhad Afshar
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran Institute of Psychiatry, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, RN, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ajri-Khameslou
- Department of Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, RN, Iran.
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221
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Sahu S, Agrawal A, Shrivastava J, Tonk S. Psychiatric disorders and caregiver burden in children with transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia and their caregivers. World J Clin Pediatr 2023; 12:125-132. [PMID: 37342448 PMCID: PMC10278083 DOI: 10.5409/wjcp.v12.i3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with thalassemia need care from the first years of life owing to the physical and psychological effects of their disorder. Thalassemia is a concern not only for the children’s physical health but also the mental health of themselves and their caregivers.
AIM To screen the psychosocial problems and assessment of psychiatric morbidities among thalassaemic children and their caretakers, along with an assessment of caregiver burden in them.
METHODS In this observational cross-sectional study, children with transfusion-dependent thalassemia, were included and were assessed for psychiatric morbidity and global functioning. Their parents were assessed for psychiatric morbidity and the caregiver burden they faced. All the parents completed two different questionnaires to assess their knowledge about the psycho-social functioning [using Pediatric Symptom Checklist-35 (PSC-35)] of their children and the level of the burden faced by them by Caregiver Burden Scale (CBS).
RESULTS A total of 46 children (28 boys and 18 girls) with transfusion-dependent thalassemia with a mean age of 8.83 ± 2.70 years and 46 parents (12 fathers and 34 mothers) were included in this study. More than 32 children had some psychosocial problems on screening by PSC-35. On assessment by CBS moderate caregiver burden was perceived in domains of general strain, isolation, disappointment, emotional involvement, and environment. A total of 65.3% of children and 62.7% of parents were diagnosed with psychiatric problems.
CONCLUSION Thalassemia affects not only the persons with the disorder but also their caregivers in several aspects, including their psychosocial well-being. This study emphasizes the role of a supportive group in the psychological well-being of caregivers, which could be used to prevent the pathological effects of caregiver burden and enhance their psychological well-being through counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Sahu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Agrawal
- Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Jyotsna Shrivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Tonk
- Department of Pediatrics, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal 462030, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Ross LT, Ross TP. Distress, Social Support, and Self-Compassion: Relationships With Mental Health Among College Students. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231180445. [PMID: 37295409 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231180445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated how distress, conceptualized as an interaction between hassles and stress perceptions, related to mental health, whether the type of distress (social or nonsocial) was consequential, and whether perceived support and self-compassion attenuated these relationships. Students (N = 185) from a mid-sized university in the southeast completed a survey. Survey questions pertained to hassles and stress perceptions, mental health (i.e., anxiety, depression, happiness, and love of life), perceived social support, and self-compassion. As predicted, students reporting more hassles and stress (both social and nonsocial) as well as those reporting less support and self-compassion, were worse off regarding mental illness and mental wellness. This was observed for both social and nonsocial distress. Although we did not support our hypotheses regarding buffering effects, we found perceived support and self-compassion are beneficial, regardless of hassles and stress levels. We discuss implications for students' mental health and ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Thomson Ross
- Department of Psychology, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
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223
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Zeng W, Xu Z, Zhao L. The Effect of Follower Identity on Followership: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:482. [PMID: 37366734 PMCID: PMC10295024 DOI: 10.3390/bs13060482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Followership is as crucial as leadership for organizational success. Significant efforts have been made by numerous researchers to examine how leadership influences followership; however, not enough attention has been paid to the influence of internal factors of followers on followership from the followers' perspective. This study relies on identity theory to understand the relationship between the influence of followers' perceived self-following traits (FTP) and followership prototype (FP) on followership, and the mediation role of self-efficacy in the relationship between FTP-FP consistency and followership. In order to avoid common method bias and ensure good discriminant validity of the variables, a two-wave time-lagged data collection design was used to collect 276 valid questionnaires from front-line business staff and junior supervisors in private and public sector organizations of China. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis were used to investigate the effect of FTP-FP consistency on followership. The empirical findings indicated that (1) the more consistent FTP-FP, the stronger the followership; (2) compared to the 'low FTP-low FP', employees with 'high FTP-high FP' had stronger followership; (3) employees with 'high FTP-low FP' had stronger followership than 'low FTP-high FP'; (4) self-efficacy played a mediating role between FTP-FP consistency and followership. These findings contribute to management practice by revealing antecedents to followership from the perspective follower identity and the effect of follower identity on followership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Zeng
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, China
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zheming Xu
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- School of Public Administration, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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224
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Ekström M, Stevanovic M. Conversation analysis and power: examining the descendants and antecedents of social action. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1196672. [PMID: 37350853 PMCID: PMC10282763 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1196672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Conversation Analysis (CA) tends to adopt an ambivalent attitude to the concept of power. The concept is fundamental in sociology but secondary or even disregarded in CA. A closer look at research and the conceptual foundations of CA however demonstrate significant contributions to theories of power. In this paper we aim to demonstrate and discuss these contributions, however, also arguing for an expansion of the CA approach in dialogue with sociological theories to engage in the sociological analysis of power as an essential feature of social relationships and social organization. Based on a general definition of power, as the transformative capacities of social agents in virtue of their social relationships, we discuss how power is interactionally achieved and negotiated, but also conditioned by social institutions and structures that extend beyond the contexts of situated encounters. The paper is divided into two main sections. The first section presents central contributions of CA in relation to the distinctions between power over and power to, authority as a legitimate form of power, and deontics as a key concept in the analysis of power. The second section critically considers the tendency in CA to localize power solely to actions in interaction, and to conflate structure and action, which constraints the analysis and explanations of power. We present examples of how analyses of power, grounded in CA, can be extended to account for the dynamics of social structures and realities beyond the interactional encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Ekström
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Journalism, Media, and Communication, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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225
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Osunronbi T, Adeboye W, Faluyi D, Sofela J, Abankwa E, Abraha S, Adamu-Biu F, Ahmad Z, Akhionbare I, Chimba C, Corriero AC, Fofanah IJ, Ibeanusi I, Ibrahim U, Inyang D, Jones R, Kolawole A, Madume R, Mandangu C, Mberu V, Nelson-Rowe E, O'Riordan M, Shoker S, Sofela A. Predictors of self-reported research productivity amongst medical students in the United Kingdom: a national cross-sectional survey. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:412. [PMID: 37280642 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of academic clinicians in the UK is declining and there are demographic inequalities in the clinical-academic workforce. Increased research productivity by medical students is believed to reduce future attrition in the clinical-academic workforce. Thus, this study investigated the association between student demographics and research productivity amongst UK medical students. METHODS This is a national multicentre cross-sectional study of UK medical students in the 2020/21 academic year. We appointed one student representative per medical school, and they disseminated a 42-item online questionnaire over nine weeks, through departmental emails and social media advertisements. The outcome measures were: (i) publications (yes/no) (ii) number of publications (iii) number of first-authored publications (iv) abstract presentation (yes/no). We utilised multiple logistic and zero-inflated Poisson regression analyses to test for associations between the outcome measures and predictor variables at a 5% significance level. RESULTS There are 41 medical schools in the UK. We received 1573 responses from 36 UK medical schools. We failed to recruit student representatives from three newly formed medical schools, whilst two medical schools prohibited us from sending the survey to their students. Women had lower odds of having a publication (OR: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.33-0.85) and on average had fewer first-author publications than men (IRR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37-0.89). Compared to white students, mixed-ethnicity students had greater odds of having a publication (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.67-5.59), an abstract presentation (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.37-3.26), and on average had a greater number of publications (IRR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.02-3.43). On average, students who attended independent UK secondary schools had a higher rate of first-author publications compared to those that attended state secondary schools (IRR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.23-3.15). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that there are gender, ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in research productivity among UK medical students. To tackle this, and potentially improve diversity in clinical academia, we recommend that medical schools should facilitate targeted high quality research mentorship, funding and training, especially for under-represented-in-medicine students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo Osunronbi
- Melanin Medics Research Network, Luton, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zain Ahmad
- Melanin Medics Research Network, Luton, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Agbolahan Sofela
- Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK.
- Southwest Neurosurgery Centre, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, PL6 8DH, UK.
- School of Medicine, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK.
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226
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Kim S, Halvorsen C, Han SH. Volunteering and Changes in Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Longitudinal Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad048. [PMID: 37457805 PMCID: PMC10340447 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Growing body of research shows that volunteering is beneficial for those served, the volunteers, and the larger communities. However, major challenges remain that hinder the practical implications for volunteer activity as a public health intervention, including potential selection effects, lack of longitudinal studies that adjust for baseline characteristics, and a paucity of studies that consider multiple physical health outcomes in a single model. Research Design and Methods Data from 2006 to 2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (2006-2016) were used (N = 18,847). Outcome-wide analyses were utilized to evaluate if changes in volunteering between 2006/2008 (t0) and 2010/2012 (t1) were associated with 7 cardiovascular disease biomarkers 4 years later (2014/2016, t2). These models were adjusted for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, chronic conditions, baseline biomarkers, and volunteering. Additionally, selection into volunteering and attrition were taken into account. Results Compared with nonvolunteers, volunteering more than 200 hr a year was associated with a lower risk for clinically high diastolic blood pressure. In addition, increased volunteering effort (change from 1 to 99 hr at t0 to >100 hr at t1) was associated with a lower likelihood of clinically high systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels. Sustained high volunteering (>100 hr at both t0 and t1) was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure. Discussion and Implications The current study adds to the evidence on the health benefits of volunteering for adults 50 and older by inferring a potential causal link between high-intensity volunteering and reduced blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoun Kim
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cal Halvorsen
- School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sae Hwang Han
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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227
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da Cruz FM. Multimodal interaction analysis of non-lexical vocalisations in low-verbal autistic children. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2023; 37:491-512. [PMID: 35822305 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2022.2082887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This article analyses non-lexical vocalisations produced by low-verbal autistic children. Seven dyads of naturalistic interactions between non-autistic adults and low-verbal autistic children over five years old were analysed from a multimodal conversation analysis perspective. Data were extracted from an audio-visual corpus of interactions in institutional (school) and non-institutional settings (home). The data are in Brazilian Portuguese. The videos are visualised using the ELAN tool and transcribed. The analyses showed that in some cases participants did not reach a mutual understanding of the semantic meaning of non-lexical vocalisations, while in other cases, the meanings of vocalisations emerged between the participants in the multimodal process of sense-making in their embodied context. A microanalysis of where these vocalisations occurred and their multimodal aspects (linguistics, bodily, material, and spatial) suggests that: a) such occurrences are both initiated by the autistic child and responsive to the non-autistic interlocutor's turn; b) some vocalisations play an important role in the sequential organisation of the interaction, promoting the maintenance of intersubjective of low verbal children; and c) non-autistic adult interlocutors perform a varied set of actions, recycling, incorporating, retaking, assigning meaning, and repairing the non-lexical vocalisations produced by autistic children. The indexical analysis shows how communicative ecologies create meaning. This study thus contributes to our understanding of the interactional behaviour of these children and their interlocutors.
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228
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Zhang L, Jiang Y. Patterns of the Satisfaction and Frustration of Psychological Needs and Their Associations with Adolescent Students' School Affect, Burnout, and Achievement. J Intell 2023; 11:111. [PMID: 37367513 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11060111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on self-determination theory and adopting a person-oriented approach, we aimed to investigate the latent profiles of adolescent students' basic psychological needs and their associations with personal characteristics (gender, socioeconomic status) as well as school functioning (school affect, burnout, academic achievement). Latent profile analyses based on a group of 1521 Chinese high school students identified four need profiles: low satisfaction/moderate frustration, high satisfaction/low frustration, average all, and moderate satisfaction/high frustration. Furthermore, there were significant differences in students' school functioning among the four latent profiles. Specifically, students with moderate to high levels of need frustration were most likely to experience maladaptive school functioning, regardless of their need satisfaction level. Additionally, gender and socioeconomic status were significant predictors of profile membership. The findings of this study can assist educators in gaining a better understanding of the diverse patterns of psychological needs among students and help them to implement targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjia Zhang
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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229
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Bartlome RI, Lee AJ. Facial Attractiveness, but not Facial Masculinity, is Used as a Cue to Paternal Involvement in Fathers. ADAPTIVE HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 9:1-16. [PMID: 37360188 PMCID: PMC10234791 DOI: 10.1007/s40750-023-00217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Facial femininity in men is purportedly used as a cue by women as a signal of paternal involvement. However, evidence for this claim is questionable. Previous findings have shown that paternal involvement is linked to testosterone, but have not investigated facial masculinity directly, while other studies have found that facial masculinity is negatively associated with perceptions of paternal involvement but do not assess the accuracy of this judgement. Here, we assess whether facial masculinity in men is used as a cue to paternal involvement, and whether this cue is accurate. Methods We collected facial photographs of 259 men (156 of which were fathers) who also completed self-report measures of paternal involvement. Facial images were then rated by a separate group of raters on facial masculinity, attractiveness, and perceived paternal involvement. Shape sexual dimorphism was also calculated from the images using geometric morphometrics. Results We found that facial masculinity was not associated with perceptions of paternal involvement, nor was it related with self-reported paternal involvement. Interestingly, facial attractiveness was negatively associated with perceptions of paternal involvement, and we found partial evidence that facial attractiveness was also negatively associated with self-reported paternal involvement. Conclusion These findings challenge the hypothesis that sexual dimorphism is used as a cue to paternal involvement, and perhaps indicate that facial attractiveness is more important for this judgement instead. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40750-023-00217-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja I. Bartlome
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Anthony J. Lee
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Division of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
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230
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Seo HS, Rockers L, Kim YG. The Effect of Response Conditions on Food Images-Evoked Emotions Measured Using the Valence × Arousal Circumplex-Inspired Emotion Questionnaire (CEQ). Foods 2023; 12:foods12112250. [PMID: 37297493 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, a single-response-based, valence × arousal circumplex-inspired emotion questionnaire (CEQ) was developed. Using a between-participants design, previous studies have found that a multiple response (MR) condition better discriminated test samples (e.g., written food names) based on their evoked emotions than a single response (SR) condition. This research, comprising Studies 1 and 2, aimed to determine the effect of response conditions (i.e., SR vs. MR) on emotional responses to food image samples, using a within-participants design. In Study 1, 105 Korean participants were asked to select a pair of emotion terms (i.e., SR condition) or select all pairs representing their evoked emotions (i.e., MR condition) from a list of 12 pairs of emotion terms of the CEQ, in response to the 14 food images. Both SR and MR conditions were tested within a remote (online) session. To minimize both a potential carry-over effect of the "within-participants design" and an influence of environmental factors in the remote testing, Study 2 asked 64 U.S. participants to do so over two separated sessions on two different days in a controlled laboratory setting. In both Studies 1 and 2, participants selected the CEQ's emotion-term pairs in the MR condition more frequently than in the SR condition, leading to the MR condition's higher capacity to discriminate test samples. While the configurations of the correspondence analysis biplots drawn in the SR and MR conditions were similar, those in the MR condition were more likely to be similar to the configurations of the principal component analysis biplots drawn from the ratings of valence and arousal for food image samples. In conclusion, this study provides robust empirical evidence that the MR condition can perform better in capturing sample differences in food-evoked emotions, while the SR condition is also effective in characterizing emotional profiles of test samples. Our findings will provide practical insights to sensory professionals, enabling them to effectively leverage the CEQ or its variants when measuring food-evoked emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Seok Seo
- Department of Computer and Information Security, and Industry Academy Cooperation Foundation, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Lydia Rockers
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
| | - Young-Gab Kim
- Department of Computer and Information Security, and Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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231
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Gao J, Hu H, He H. Functional Hearing Impairment, Psychological Resilience, and Social Well-Being Among Chinese Older Adults in Low-Income Households. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37267427 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-22-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hearing loss (HL) is prevalent and relates to social health in old age. This study aims to examine the association between functional HL and social well-being (SWB) in older adults and to investigate whether psychological resilience mediates this association. METHOD The analytical sample of 4,531 older adults aged ≥ 60 years was from the Sample Survey on Vulnerable Populations from Poor Families in Urban/Rural China (2018). SWB was measured by social networks and social engagement using the Lubben Social Network Scale and Index of Social Engagement Scale, respectively. Functional hearing impairment was defined by a dichotomized measure of self-perceived hearing difficulty. Psychological resilience was assessed by a 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. Structural equation modeling was performed to determine associations of HL with SWB and the mediating roles of psychological resilience. RESULTS Functional HL was associated with reduced SWB among older adults living in low-income households. Hearing-impaired individuals were more likely to be socially isolated and less socially engaged compared to those with normal hearing. The association persisted in gender subsamples and in non-low-income households but not in older adults aged ≥ 70 years. Psychological resilience partially mediated the association of hearing impairment with SWB, accounting for 50.9% of the variance in the change of SWB. CONCLUSIONS Functional hearing impairment may be a modifiable risk factor for social restrictions and downstream older adults' health. Promotion of hearing health care and accessibility to coping resources including psychological support may improve social wellness among the older adults and benefit healthy aging. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22750736.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Gao
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Hongwei Hu
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing
- The Research Center for Health Protection, Renmin University of China, Beijing
| | - Haotian He
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Renmin University of China, Beijing
- The Research Center for Health Protection, Renmin University of China, Beijing
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232
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Forcadell-Díez L, Juárez Martínez O, Abiétar DG, López MJ, Sánchez-Martínez F, Perez G. Healthy and Equitable Interpersonal Relationships, Health Inequalities and Socio-Educational Interventions: A Conceptual Framework for Action. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2023; 93:521-532. [PMID: 36917972 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal relationships undoubtedly have a bidirectional connection with the health of individuals and communities. Relational models based on equity contribute to well-being, while asymmetrical relationships based on hierarchies and differences of power negatively impact mental, physical, and social health. METHODS A conceptual framework for understanding the determinants of interpersonal relational models was developed. RESULTS Structural determinants were identified as the combined action of systems of oppression, the socio-historical context that normalizes violence, and social stratification and segregation, consequences which included inequitable access to power, resources, and opportunities. Intermediate determinants include individual, psychosocial, behavioral, and community aspects. Structural and intermediate determinants impact health and health inequalities through multiple relational patterns that are simultaneously established and sustained by individuals and communities. The health impact of inequitable relational patterns includes: Reduced self-esteem; anxiety, stress, and depression; acceptance of violence; physical and sexual harm; suicide; and murder. CONCLUSIONS This conceptual framework allows for the modification of relational models by influencing structural and intermediate determinants. Six areas of intervention have been identified: educative policies, school governance, physical and symbolic space, school curriculum, school-community relations, and socio-educative interventions to promote healthy and equitable relationships. Healthy and equitable relationships are associated with improved subjective well-being, health status and protection from violence. Socio-educational interventions that consider the elements of this conceptual framework may be effective in promoting healthy and equitable relational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Forcadell-Díez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel G Abiétar
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María José López
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher in CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Researcher in Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Sánchez-Martínez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher in Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Perez
- Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Associate Professor, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Researcher in CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Researcher in Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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233
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Racine E, Cioaba IM, Boehlen W. Ethical aspects of the work conditions of public safety personnel: a need for attention and solidarity. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2023; 114:502-506. [PMID: 36696032 PMCID: PMC9875768 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-023-00744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The work of public safety personnel (PSP; e.g. firefighters, police officers, and paramedics, among others) is essential to society but is practically and ethically complex, especially with the increased challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The strain on mental health in this population of workers and volunteers has been the focus of recent research. New programs and strategies are being developed and implemented in order to address the causes and implications of mental health problems at the individual and organizational levels in Canada and elsewhere. Yet, the properly ethical aspects of the work and work conditions of PSP have largely fallen outside the scope of public health research. There are few empirical studies on moral distress and moral injury of Canadian PSP, and the rich and complex moral life of these workers is often obfuscated by a pervasive, stoic, militaristic moral model that generally aligns with narrow biomedical treatment approaches. We argue that the lack of attention to the public, social, and ethical aspects of the moral distress and moral injuries experienced by PSP in Canada warrants greater public and academic awareness, more research on experiences of moral distress and moral injury in PSP, and evidence-informed training and support programs for individuals and organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Racine
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine and Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Ilinca Maria Cioaba
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Wren Boehlen
- Pragmatic Health Ethics Research Unit, Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
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234
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Fenton MP, Forthun LF, Lynne SD. Pathways to Adulthood in Rural America: A Latent Profile and Latent Transition Analysis of Adult Social Roles. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:1170-1190. [PMID: 36881275 PMCID: PMC10866393 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The transition to adulthood is characterized by the assumption of adult social roles, which are well documented in the literature; however, rural young adults remain understudied, especially using nationally representative samples. Therefore, this study analyzed a rural subsample of young adults from Add Health (N = 2562, 63.8% white, 34.2% Black, 50% female) using latent profile and latent transition analyses. Latent profiles at the average ages of 21-22 and 28-29 were identified highlighting transitions in education, work, and family formation. Two profiles previously unidentified in the literature emerged, high school graduates living with parents and prolonged transitioners, characterized by living with parents and limited transitions in romantic relationships and parenthood. Rural young people most likely to be in these profiles were male, Black, and from disadvantaged backgrounds. High school graduates living with parents and prolonged transitioners also had high probabilities of living in a rural area late in the transition to adulthood. Female and Black rural young adults had the highest probabilities of transitioning from the high school graduates living with parents profile to the prolonged transitioners profile. These empirically established role transitions and pathways to adulthood in rural communities can help inform investments, policies, and future research to support rural young adults following varying pathways during the transition to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry F Forthun
- Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah D Lynne
- Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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235
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Moody MD, Lewis JCJ. Lifetime vicarious experiences of major discrimination and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older black adults. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:1103-1110. [PMID: 36038955 PMCID: PMC9971339 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Racial disparities in later-life depression among Americans are well-documented. Perceived discrimination has been linked to depressive symptoms among aging Black adults, but little research has considered how vicarious exposure to discrimination shapes the mental health of middle-aged and older Black adults. METHODS A subsample of Black adults aged 50-69 years (N = 273) were drawn from the Nashville Stress and Health Study. Lifetime vicarious exposures to major discrimination were assessed. Additionally, multivariate linear regression was employed to examine the association between vicarious experiences of major discrimination and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Once the Black adults in the sample had reached ages 50 and older, the most common discriminatory events that they had vicariously experienced in their lifetime occurred as a result of their loved ones' unfair interactions with law enforcement and the job market, respectively. Furthermore, our findings revealed that vicarious experiences of major discrimination were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older Black adults. CONCLUSION Vicarious, as well as personal, exposures to discrimination shape the mental health of Black Americans over the lifespan. The secondhand effects of discrimination must be considered for interventions aimed at reducing the mental health consequences of racism-related adversity as Black adults age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles D. Moody
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Heritage Hall, Rm. 460, 1401 University Blvd., Birmingham, Alabama 35233
| | - Joshua C. J. Lewis
- Department of Sociology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Heritage Hall, Rm. 460, 1401 University Blvd., Birmingham, Alabama 35233
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236
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Elshaer IA. Front-line hotel employees mental health and quality of life post COVID-19 pandemic: The role of coping strategies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16915. [PMID: 37287607 PMCID: PMC10234689 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The tourism business has been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in economic and job losses due to travel restrictions and lockdown measures. Among those most impacted are tourism employees, who have experienced job insecurity, financial difficulties, and increased work-related stress. The pandemic has also produced a significant negative effect on both mental health and quality of life (QOL) of these employees, leading to high levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. This study aims to assess the impacts of three coping strategies (problem-focused, social support, and avoidance) on the mental health and quality of life of front-line hotel employees. Data were collected from 700 participants and analyzed using SPSS version 25 and structural equation modeling (SEM) and AMOS program version 24. Our study found that social support and problem-solving coping strategies were effective in mitigating the negative impacts of stress, depression, and anxiety, while avoidance coping strategy did not have a significant impact. The mental health consequences of stress, depression, and anxiety were found to reduce the quality of life of hotel employees. The study highlights the significance of developing and implementing effective coping strategies to support the mental health and well-being of tourism employees. The findings suggest that organizations should provide resources and support to address the mental health needs of their employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim A Elshaer
- Management Department, College of Business Administration, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsaa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Hotel Studies Department, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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237
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Yang CC, Tsai JY. Asians and Asian Americans' social media use for coping with discrimination: A mixed-methods study of well-being implications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16842. [PMID: 37332968 PMCID: PMC10275783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although social media has the potential to serve as a coping tool, it is unclear how Asians and Asian Americans use social media to cope with discrimination, and how social media coping is associated with these users' psycho-emotional well-being. Drawing on the Multidimensional Model of Social Media Use, this mixed-methods study examined the well-being implications of three social media coping activities among Asians and Asian Americans. A total of 931 Asians and Asian Americans in the U.S. between the ages of 18 and 93 (M = 46.49, SD = 16.58; 49.2% female) completed an anonymous online survey. Twenty-three participants (12 females) between the ages of 19 and 70 joined seven focus group interviews. Survey results showed that messaging was related to greater race-based traumatic stress (RBTS), although it also had a weak indirect relationship with positive emotions through social support. Posting and commenting had an indirect relationship with both lower RBTS and greater positive emotions via social support. Reading and browsing was associated with greater RBTS (directly) and positive emotions (both directly and indirectly through social support). Focus group data revealed how the three activities contributed to perceived social support and why these activities were associated with promising and/or concerning well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-chen Yang
- School of Educational Foundations, Leadership and Aviation, Oklahoma State University, USA
| | - Jiun-Yi Tsai
- School of Communication, Northern Arizona University, USA
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238
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Smrtnik Vitulić H, Gosar D, Prosen S. Attachment and family functioning across three generations. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:775-794. [PMID: 35701878 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study explores the transmission of attachment and family functioning across three generations. It is based on a sample of 460 female emerging adults (aged 18-26), their mothers (N = 440), fathers (N = 368), maternal grandmothers (N = 224), and maternal grandfathers (N = 113). Participants self-assessed their attachment anxiety and avoidance using the Relationship Style Questionnaire and evaluated the functioning of their families of origin using the Family Adaptation and Cohesion Scale-IV. The results reveal two mechanisms, both of which have a small but significant effect on the development of attachment across generations. The first operates via direct trans-generational transmission of attachment from parent to child, mainly involving the mother-child dyad, while the second operates through primary family functioning, especially balanced family cohesion, but also enmeshment and chaos in the case of attachment avoidance. The findings highlight the importance of including content related to attachment and family functioning in intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Gosar
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Developmental Neurology, University Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Prosen
- Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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239
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Pedersen MK, Díaz CMC, Wang QJ, Alba-Marrugo MA, Amidi A, Basaiawmoit RV, Bergenholtz C, Christiansen MH, Gajdacz M, Hertwig R, Ishkhanyan B, Klyver K, Ladegaard N, Mathiasen K, Parsons C, Rafner J, Villadsen AR, Wallentin M, Zana B, Sherson JF. Measuring Cognitive Abilities in the Wild: Validating a Population-Scale Game-Based Cognitive Assessment. Cogn Sci 2023; 47:e13308. [PMID: 37354036 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Rapid individual cognitive phenotyping holds the potential to revolutionize domains as wide-ranging as personalized learning, employment practices, and precision psychiatry. Going beyond limitations imposed by traditional lab-based experiments, new efforts have been underway toward greater ecological validity and participant diversity to capture the full range of individual differences in cognitive abilities and behaviors across the general population. Building on this, we developed Skill Lab, a novel game-based tool that simultaneously assesses a broad suite of cognitive abilities while providing an engaging narrative. Skill Lab consists of six mini-games as well as 14 established cognitive ability tasks. Using a popular citizen science platform (N = 10,725), we conducted a comprehensive validation in the wild of a game-based cognitive assessment suite. Based on the game and validation task data, we constructed reliable models to simultaneously predict eight cognitive abilities based on the users' in-game behavior. Follow-up validation tests revealed that the models can discriminate nuances contained within each separate cognitive ability as well as capture a shared main factor of generalized cognitive ability. Our game-based measures are five times faster to complete than the equivalent task-based measures and replicate previous findings on the decline of certain cognitive abilities with age in our large cross-sectional population sample (N = 6369). Taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of rapid in-the-wild systematic assessment of cognitive abilities as a promising first step toward population-scale benchmarking and individualized mental health diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Kock Pedersen
- Center for Hybrid Intelligence, Department of Management, Aarhus University
- Department of Business Development and Technology, Aarhus University
| | | | - Qian Janice Wang
- Center for Hybrid Intelligence, Department of Management, Aarhus University
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University
| | | | - Ali Amidi
- Department of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University
| | | | | | - Morten H Christiansen
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University
- School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University
| | - Miroslav Gajdacz
- Center for Hybrid Intelligence, Department of Management, Aarhus University
| | - Ralph Hertwig
- Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development
| | | | - Kim Klyver
- Department of Entrepreneurship & Relationship Management, University of Southern Denmark
- Entrepreneurship, Commercialization and Innovation Centre (ECIC), University of Adelaide
| | - Nicolai Ladegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital
| | - Kim Mathiasen
- Department of Clinical Medicine - Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital
| | | | - Janet Rafner
- Center for Hybrid Intelligence, Department of Management, Aarhus University
| | | | - Mikkel Wallentin
- School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University
- Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University
| | - Blanka Zana
- Center for Hybrid Intelligence, Department of Management, Aarhus University
| | - Jacob F Sherson
- Center for Hybrid Intelligence, Department of Management, Aarhus University
- School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University
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240
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Evered JA, Castellanos MEP, Dowrick A, Camargo Goncalves Germani AC, Rai T, Navarro de Souza A, Qureshi K, Gandolfo Conceição MI, Cabral I, Grob R. Talking about inequities: A comparative analysis of COVID-19 narratives in the UK, US, and Brazil. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 3:100277. [PMID: 37197405 PMCID: PMC10163940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Disproportionate mortality and morbidity burdens of the COVID-19 pandemic and coinciding media coverage of public acts of violence perpetrated against people of color in 2020 precipitated reckonings with structural inequities in global, national, and local contexts. This cross-country comparative analysis aims to describe how people voice and make sense race, racism, and privilege in their experiences with COVID-19 infection in the United States, United Kingdom, and Brazil. Anchored by continuous reflection on our individual and collective positionality, we conducted an inductive comparative analysis conceptually situated in intersectionality and critical race theory. Countries used a shared qualitative methodology to collect and analyze 166 narratives of people with experience of COVID-19 infection from 2020 to 2023. We selected 19 cases that illustrate cross-national differences in peoples' acknowledgment and narration of structural privilege and disadvantage in their observations of COVID-19 in their countries and in their personal experiences. People in the US had the most fluency with voicing race directly. In Brazil, while some respondents (especially younger people) demonstrated high racial consciousness, others struggled to identify and talk about racial relationships. In the UK, people voiced racial identifications, though often within white norms of politeness and an accompanying sense of discomfort. The findings overall illustrate moments the interview becomes or does not become a space for voicing social categories and systemic underpinnings of difference in COVID-19 infections and healthcare experiences. We reflect on cross-country differences in historical and contemporary racialized discourse and elaborate on implications of focusing on voicing in qualitative research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivone Cabral
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), RJ, Brazil
| | - Rachel Grob
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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241
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Frazier C, Brown TH. How Social Roles Affect Sleep Health during Midlife. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:296-312. [PMID: 37114480 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231167838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
This study draws on role theory and the life course perspective to examine how sleep health (duration, quality, and latency) is shaped by social role accumulation (number of roles), role repertoires (role combinations), and role contexts among middle-aged adults. We also examine how the relationships between social roles and sleep health are gendered. We use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort (N = 7,628). Results show that role accumulation is associated with less sleep and decreased insomnia symptoms, and that role repertoires also impact sleep (e.g., parenthood leads to diminished sleep quantity and quality). There is also evidence that contextual factors related to employment history, marital quality, and parenthood affect sleep health. Furthermore, results reveal that several of the relationships between social roles and sleep are gendered. Taken together, findings demonstrate the utility of examining links between multiple dimensions of social roles and sleep health.
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242
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Helwig J, Muz D, Alcon D, Ringhof S, Gehring D, Gollhofer A, Staiber N, Pfänder S. Motion analysis of dyadic talk during joint search and decision-making – A replication study. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 89:103074. [PMID: 37028236 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Human interaction frequently includes decision-making processes during which interactants call on verbal and non-verbal resources to manage the flow of interaction. In 2017, Stevanovic et al. carried out pioneering work, analyzing the unfolding of moment-by-moment dynamics by investigating the behavioral matching during search and decision-making phases. By studying the similarities in the participant's body sway during a conversation task in Finnish, the authors showed higher behavioral matching during decision phases than during search phases. The purpose of this research was to investigate the whole-body sway and its coordination during joint search and decision-making phases as a replication of the study by Stevanovic et al. (2017) but based on a German population. Overall, 12 dyads participated in this study and were asked to decide on 8 adjectives, starting with a pre-defined letter, to describe a fictional character. During this joint-decision task (duration: 206.46 ± 116.08 s), body sway of both interactants was measured using a 3D motion capture system and center of mass (COM) accelerations were computed. Matching of body sway was calculated using a windowed cross correlation (WCC) of the COM accelerations. A total of 101 search and 101 decision phases were identified for the 12 dyads. Significant higher COM accelerations (5.4*10-3 vs. 3.7*10-3 mm/s2, p < 0.001) and WCC coefficients (0.47 vs. 0.45, p = 0.043) were found during decision-making phases than during search phases. The results suggest that body sway is one of the resources humans use to communicate the arrival at a joint decision. These findings contribute to a better understanding of interpersonal coordination from a human movement science perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Helwig
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Advanced Biomechanics and Motion Studies, Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Offenburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Muz
- Romanisches Seminar, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Alcon
- Romanisches Seminar, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Ringhof
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Radiology - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominic Gehring
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niko Staiber
- Romanisches Seminar, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfänder
- Romanisches Seminar, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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243
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Robinson MN, Erving CL, Thomas Tobin CS. Are Distressed Black Women Also Depressed? Implications for a Mental Health Paradox. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:1280-1292. [PMID: 35556224 PMCID: PMC9652478 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent research suggests the determinants of and links between psychological distress and psychiatric disorder are distinct among Black Americans. Yet, these associations have not been explored among Black women, despite the unique social experiences, risks, and mental health patterns they face. The present study assessed the sociodemographic and psychosocial determinants of distress and disorder and evaluated the distress-disorder association, including whether it was conditional on sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics among Black women. METHODS Data were from 328 Black women in the Nashville Stress and Health Study, a cross-sectional community epidemiologic survey of Blacks and Whites in Nashville, Tennessee, and was used to assess the correlates of distress (CES-D depressive symptoms scale) and major depressive disorder (MDD; based on the CIDI). Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the extent to which greater distress was associated with higher risk of "chronic" or "resolved MDD". RESULTS Stress exposure and marital status were associated with greater distress, while stress exposure and childhood SES were associated with elevated disorder risk. Although increased distress was associated with greater disorder risk, significant interactions indicated these associations depend on differences in age and adult socioeconomic status within this population. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies distinct correlates of distress and disorder and shows that the distress-disorder association varies among subgroups of Black women. Results have important implications for public health research and practice, as they highlight the factors that matter most for the mental health outcomes of Black women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millicent N Robinson
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Office 21-245), Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Christy L Erving
- Department of Sociology, College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Courtney S Thomas Tobin
- Department of Community Health Sciences (Office 21-245), Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 650 Charles E. Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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244
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Eng AG, Phan JM, Shirtcliff EA, Eisenlohr-Moul TA, Goh PK, Martel MM. Aging and Pubertal Development Differentially Predict Symptoms of ADHD, Depression, and Impairment in Children and Adolescents: An Eight-Year Longitudinal Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:819-832. [PMID: 36719623 PMCID: PMC10198896 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Activational effects of the reproductive neuroendocrine system may explain why some youths with ADHD are at greater risk for exacerbated ADHD symptoms (hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity) during adolescence. For youths diagnosed with ADHD, first signs of ADHD symptoms become noticeable by multiple reporters (e.g., teachers, parents) when children enter schools, typically around kindergarten. The current study examined possible sex differences in ADHD, impairment, and comorbidity due to pubertal effects, as the role of pubertal development in ADHD is understudied. ADHD symptoms, depressive symptoms, impairment, and pubertal stage were assessed annually by multiple reporters in a well-characterized community sample of 849 children over-recruited for ADHD over eight years. Ages ranged from 7 to 13 years (38.16% female) at wave 1. Multilevel models indicated that males had higher levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention than females, but that females had higher levels of impairment than males. Inattention symptoms did not show marked maturation changes. Hyperactivity and impulsivity declined as youth aged and impairment increased as youth aged. Lastly, depressive symptoms largely increased as youth aged and were higher amongst youth at later pubertal stages. Put together, aging and pubertal development are associated with improved ADHD symptoms but not for youth with high impairment. Findings from this study contributes to understanding the role that aging, pubertal status, and pubertal development plays in ADHD, impairment, and comorbidity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley G Eng
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive, 40506-0044, Lexington, KY,, USA.
| | - Jenny M Phan
- Children's National Hospital, Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Center for Neuroscience Research, Washington, D.C., USA
| | | | | | - Patrick K Goh
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Michelle M Martel
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 171 Funkhouser Drive, 40506-0044, Lexington, KY,, USA
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245
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Entringer TM, Gebauer JE, Kroeger H. Big Five personality and religiosity: Bidirectional cross-lagged effects and their moderation by culture. J Pers 2023; 91:736-752. [PMID: 36017585 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality has long been assumed to be a cause of religiosity, not a consequence. Yet, recent research suggests that religiosity may well cause personality change. Consequently, longitudinal research is required that examines the bi-directionality between personality and religiosity. The required research must also attend to cultural religiosity-a critical moderator in previous cross-sectional research. METHOD We conducted four-wave, cross-lagged panel models assessing the bi-directional effects between religiosity (measured as religious attendance) and the Big Five personality traits over 12 years in 14 samples (Ntotal = 44,485). Each sample used population-representative data from a different German federal state-states that vary widely in religiosity. RESULTS The findings were the following: (1) Agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness were associated with changes in religiosity, with the latter two effects being culture-contingent. (2) Religiosity was associated with changes in agreeableness and openness, with the latter effect being culture-contingent. (3) The cross-lagged effects of personality on religiosity were overall stronger than the reverse effects. CONCLUSIONS The directionality between the Big Five and religiosity seems to go both ways and culture matters for those effects. We discuss the power of religiosity to alter personality and the role of culture for this effect and for personality change more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Entringer
- Socio-Economic Panel Study, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen E Gebauer
- School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hannes Kroeger
- Socio-Economic Panel Study, German Institute for Economic Research, Berlin, Germany
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246
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NIEDERDEPPE JEFF, LIU JIAWEI, SPRUILL MIKAELA, LEWIS NEILA, MOORE STEVEN, FOWLER ERIKAFRANKLIN, GOLLUST SARAHE. Strategic Messaging to Promote Policies that Advance Racial Equity: What Do We Know, and What Do We Need to Learn? Milbank Q 2023; 101:349-425. [PMID: 37096590 PMCID: PMC10262382 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Many studies have explored the impact of message strategies to build support for policies that advance racial equity, but few studies examine the effects of richer stories of lived experience and detailed accounts of the ways racism is embedded in policy design and implementation. Longer messages framed to emphasize social and structural causes of racial inequity hold significant potential to enhance support for policies to advance racial equity. There is an urgent need to develop, test, and disseminate communication interventions that center perspectives from historically marginalized people and promote policy advocacy, community mobilization, and collective action to advance racial equity. CONTEXT Long-standing racial inequities in health and well-being are shaped by racialized public policies that perpetuate disadvantage among Black, Brown, Indigenous, and people of color. Strategic messaging can accelerate public and policymaker support for public policies that advance population health. We lack a comprehensive understanding of lessons learned from work on policy messaging to advance racial equity and the gaps in knowledge it reveals. METHODS A scoping review of peer-reviewed studies from communication, psychology, political science, sociology, public health, and health policy that have tested how various message strategies influence support and mobilization for racial equity policy domains across a wide variety of social systems. We used keyword database searches, author bibliographic searches, and reviews of reference lists from relevant sources to compile 55 peer-reviewed papers with 80 studies that used experiments to test the effects of one or more message strategies in shaping support for racial equity-related policies, as well as the cognitive/emotional factors that predict their support. FINDINGS Most studies report on the short-term effects of very short message manipulations. Although many of these studies find evidence that reference to race or use of racial cues tend to undermine support for racial equity-related policies, the accumulated body of evidence has generally not explored the effects of richer, more nuanced stories of lived experience and/or detailed historical and contemporary accounts of the ways racism is embedded in public policy design and implementation. A few well-designed studies offer evidence that longer-form messages framed to emphasize social and structural causes of racial inequity can enhance support for policies to advance racial equity, though many questions require further research. CONCLUSIONS We conclude by laying out a research agenda to fill numerous wide gaps in the evidentiary base related to building support for racial equity policy across sectors.
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247
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van Bergen DD, Dumon E, Parra LA, Motmans J, Biedermann LC, Gilissen R, Portzky G. "I Don't Feel at Home in This World" Sexual and Gender Minority Emerging Adults' Self-Perceived Links Between Their Suicidal Thoughts and Sexual Orientation or Gender Identity. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2023; 68:461-469. [PMID: 36632009 PMCID: PMC10331255 DOI: 10.1177/07067437221147420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine whether sexual and gender minority (SGM) emerging adults perceived their SGM status was linked to suicidal ideation, and to explore if their responses fell within tenets of the minority stress framework. METHOD Open text (survey) responses of Dutch and Flemish SGM emerging adults (n = 187) were thematically analysed using the constant comparative comparison method for qualitative analysis. RESULTS We identified 8 themes in our qualitative analysis. Two themes fell within the scope of the minority stress framework that has received little attention: (1) concerns about relationships and family planning and (2) feeling different (internal stressor). Two additional themes emerged largely beyond the scope of existing minority stress framework studies on suicidality: (3) SGM-related questioning; (4) negativity in LGBT communities. Four established minority stress framework themes emerged: (5) gender identity stress; (6) victimization; (7) coming-out stress; (8) psychological difficulties linked to SGM status. CONCLUSION Suicide prevention needs to focus on supporting SGM emerging adults who worry about feeling "different", or who have concerns over their romantic and family life, on reducing gender minority stress, as well as on caring for those who are victimized due to their sexual or gender identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana D. van Bergen
- Department of Pedagogics and Education, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Dumon
- Unit for Suicide Research, Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Ghent University, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Luis A. Parra
- Department of Systems, Populations, and Leadership, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joz Motmans
- Transgender Infopunt, Ghent University Hospital, and Centre for Research on Culture and Gender, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Renske Gilissen
- 113 Suicide Prevention the Netherlands, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Unit for Suicide Research, Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Ghent University, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
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248
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Park J, Aranda MP, Choi YJ, Jang Y. The Role of Ethnic Community Social Capital in the Association between Acculturation and Psychological Distress among Older Korean Americans. J Immigr Minor Health 2023; 25:608-615. [PMID: 36401712 PMCID: PMC10729732 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Guided by the theories of social capital and stress-buffering, we examined how the association between low acculturation and poor mental health among older immigrants would be modified by social capital in ethnic communities (social cohesion, social engagement, perceived ethnic density, and the quality of social interaction). Using data from the Study of Older Korean Americans (N = 2,150, Mean age = 73.4), direct and interactive effect models were examined. Lower acculturation was associated with a greater level of psychological distress, and their link was modified by social cohesion (β = .19, p < .01) and negative social interactions (β = - .97, p < .01). Findings suggest that the mental health risk associated with low acculturation could be intensified when older immigrants perceive low sense of cohesion in their ethnic communities or have negative interactions with ethnic community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyoung Park
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - María P Aranda
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA
| | - Yeon Jin Choi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuri Jang
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, Edward R. Roybal Institute On Aging, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0411, USA.
- Department of Social Welfare, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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249
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Finkelstein A, Bachner YG, Stein E, Benisti L, Tenenbaum A. Challenging and Facilitating Factors When Coping with the News of a Newborn's Down Syndrome Diagnosis: Perceptions of Activist Israeli Mothers. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1349-1358. [PMID: 34894913 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.2010326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that healthcare professionals (HP) play a significant role in parents' experience when informed of the birth of a child with Down Syndrome (DS). Past studies have focused on faith dilemmas of religious mothers that were informed that their child was born with DS and on understanding how faith was a source of emotional support for them. Studies that focus on religious activist mothers are scarce. We utilized a qualitative methodology to explore the experiences of Jewish mothers who are religious and activists. Semistructured interviews and focus groups were conducted with 17 religious Jewish mothers of children with DS, who participated in an activist, self-support group. The data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Most mothers felt unsupported by the HP although a few mentioned being congratulated on the birth and empowered by a physician who focused on their child's potential to develop. The mothers appreciated when HPs considered their opinions and values. They shared the common goal of changing the existing pathological, statistics-based discourse concerning children with DS. The study reinforces the important role of HP and policymakers' in collaborating with parents and their support groups early in the diagnostic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Finkelstein
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology
| | | | - Elkie Stein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
| | | | - Ariel Tenenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center and the Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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250
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Erving CL, Zajdel R, McKinnon II, Van Dyke ME, Murden RJ, Johnson DA, Moore RH, Lewis TT. Gendered Racial Microaggressions and Black Women's Sleep Health. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2023; 86:107-129. [PMID: 38371316 PMCID: PMC10869115 DOI: 10.1177/01902725221136139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Gendered racial microaggressions reflect historical and contemporary gendered racism that Black women encounter. Although gendered racial microaggressions are related to psychological outcomes, it is unclear if such experiences are related to sleep health. Moreover, the health effects of gendered racial microaggressions dimensions are rarely investigated. Using a cohort of Black women (N = 400), this study employs an intracategorical intersectional approach to (1) investigate the association between gendered racial microaggressions and sleep health, (2) assess whether gendered racial microaggressions dimensions are related to sleep health, and (3) examine whether the gendered racial microaggressions-sleep health association persists after accounting for depressive symptoms and worry. Gendered racial microaggressions were associated with poor sleep quality overall and four specific domains: subjective sleep quality, latency, disturbance, and daytime sleepiness. Two gendered racial microaggressions dimensions were especially detrimental for sleep: assumptions of beauty/sexual objectification and feeling silenced and marginalized. After accounting for mental health, the effect of gendered racial microaggressions on sleep was reduced by 47 percent. Future research implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel Zajdel
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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