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She J, Guo J, Jiang Y. Structure and Function of Plant and Mammalian TPC Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:155-180. [PMID: 35879575 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels (TPCs) belong to the family of voltage-gated tetrameric cation channels and are ubiquitously expressed in organelles of animals and plants. These channels are believed to be evolutionary intermediates between homotetrameric voltage-gated potassium/sodium channels and the four-domain, single subunit, voltage-gated sodium/calcium channels. Each TPC subunit contains 12 transmembrane segments that can be divided into two homologous copies of an S1-S6 Shaker-like 6-TM domain. A functional TPC channel assembles as a dimer - the equivalent of a voltage-gated tetrameric cation channel. The plant TPC channel is localized in the vacuolar membrane and is also called the SV channel for generating the slow vacuolar (SV) current observed long before its molecular identification. Three subfamilies of mammalian TPC channels have been defined - TPC1, 2, and 3 - with the first two being ubiquitously expressed in animals and TPC3 being expressed in some animals but not in humans. Mammalian TPC1 and TPC2 are localized to the endolysosomal membrane and their functions are associated with various physiological processes. TPC3 is localized in the plasma membrane and its physiological function is not well defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji She
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of Biophysics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Youxing Jiang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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202
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Wu H, Ou Y, Wang S, Yu F, Fan X, Kang H, Chen T. Considering the protective effect of exendin-4 against oxidative stress in spiral ganglion neurons. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 26:1423-1430. [PMID: 37970444 PMCID: PMC10634057 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.69190.15076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The protection of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) is crucial for hearing loss. Exendin-4 has been shown to have neuroprotective effects in several neurological disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of the glucagon-like protein-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 on kanamycin-induced injury in mouse SGNs in vitro. Materials and Methods In this study, GLP-1R expression in SGNs was verified by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. In vitro-cultured SGNs and the organ of Corti were exposed to kanamycin with or without exendin-4 treatment. The cell survival rate was measured using the cell counting kit-8 assay, and the damage to auditory nerve fibers (ANF) projecting radially from the SGNs was evaluated using immunofluorescence staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content was determined by flow cytometry, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were determined by spectrophotometry. Protein expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 (Nrf2/HO-1) was detected using western blotting. Results GLP-1R was expressed in SGNs. Treatment with 1 mM kanamycin for 24 hr induced SGN damage. Exendin-4 (100 nM) had a protective effect against kanamycin-induced SGN cell injury, improved cell survival rate, reduced nerve fiber injury, increased SOD activity and GSH-Px level, and reduced MDA and ROS contents. The Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was activated. Conclusion Exendin-4 alleviates oxidative damage and exerts neuroprotective effects in kanamycin-induced SGN injury through the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Exendin-4 has the potential to prevent or treat hearing loss due to SGN damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Yangxi Ou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Siji Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Fenghui Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Fan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Houyong Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical Chongqing, China
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203
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Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic membrane-bound organelles that use hydrolytic enzymes to break down material through pathways such as endocytosis, phagocytosis, mitophagy, and autophagy. To function properly, intralysosomal environments are strictly controlled by a set of integral membrane proteins such as ion channels and transporters. Potassium ion (K+) channels are a large and diverse family of membrane proteins that control K+ flux across both the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes. In the plasma membrane, they are essential in both excitable and non-excitable cells for the control of membrane potential and cell signaling. However, our understanding of intracellular K+ channels is very limited. In this review, we summarize the recent development in studies of K+ channels in the lysosome. We focus on their characterization, potential roles in maintaining lysosomal membrane potential and lysosomal function, and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengnan Xu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Yi Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Alia Kazim Rizvi Syeda
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Xian-Ping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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204
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Postić S, Sarikas S, Pfabe J, Pohorec V, Križančić Bombek L, Sluga N, Skelin Klemen M, Dolenšek J, Korošak D, Stožer A, Evans-Molina C, Johnson JD, Slak Rupnik M. High-resolution analysis of the cytosolic Ca 2+ events in β cell collectives in situ. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E42-E55. [PMID: 36449570 PMCID: PMC9829482 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00165.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The release of peptide hormones is predominantly regulated by a transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). To trigger exocytosis, Ca2+ ions enter the cytosol from intracellular Ca2+ stores or from the extracellular space. The molecular events of late stages of exocytosis, and their dependence on [Ca2+]c, were extensively described in isolated single cells from various endocrine glands. Notably, less work has been done on endocrine cells in situ to address the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c events contributing to a collective functional response of a gland. For this, β cell collectives in a pancreatic islet are particularly well suited as they are the smallest, experimentally manageable functional unit, where [Ca2+]c dynamics can be simultaneously assessed on both cellular and collective level. Here, we measured [Ca2+]c transients across all relevant timescales, from a subsecond to a minute time range, using high-resolution imaging with a low-affinity Ca2+ sensor. We quantified the recordings with a novel computational framework for automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification. Our results demonstrate that under physiological conditions the duration of [Ca2+]c events is variable, and segregated into three reproducible modes, subsecond, second, and tens of seconds time range, and are a result of a progressive temporal summation of the shortest events. Using pharmacological tools we show that activation of intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives, and that a subset of [Ca2+]c events could be triggered even in the absence of Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. In aggregate, our experimental and analytical platform was able to readily address the involvement of intracellular Ca2+ receptors in shaping the heterogeneity of [Ca2+]c responses in collectives of endocrine cells in situ.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Physiological glucose or ryanodine stimulation of β cell collectives generates a large number of [Ca2+]c events, which can be rapidly assessed with our newly developed automatic image segmentation and [Ca2+]c event identification pipeline. The event durations segregate into three reproducible modes produced by a progressive temporal summation. Using pharmacological tools, we show that activation of ryanodine intracellular Ca2+ receptors is both sufficient and necessary for glucose-dependent [Ca2+]c oscillations in β cell collectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Postić
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Srdjan Sarikas
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Pfabe
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Nastja Sluga
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Maša Skelin Klemen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dean Korošak
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Transportation Engineering and Architecture, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marjan Slak Rupnik
- Center for physiology and pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
- Alma Mater Europaea-European Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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205
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Wang Q, Zhu MX. NAADP-Dependent TPC Current. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:35-56. [PMID: 35902437 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels, TPC1 and TPC2, are Ca2+- and Na+-permeable cation channels expressed on the membranes of endosomes and lysosomes in nearly all mammalian cells. These channels have been implicated in Ca2+ signaling initiated from the endolysosomes, vesicular trafficking, cellular metabolism, macropinocytosis, and viral infection. Although TPCs have been shown to mediate Ca2+ release from acidic organelles in response to NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate), the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing messenger, questions remain whether NAADP is a direct ligand of these channels. In whole-endolysosomal patch clamp recordings, it has been difficult to detect NAADP-evoked currents in vacuoles that expressed TPC1 or TPC2, while PI(3,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate) activated a highly Na+-selective current under the same experimental configuration. In this chapter, we summarize recent progress in this area and provide our observations on NAADP-elicited TPC2 currents from enlarged endolysosomes as well as their possible relationships with the currents evoked by PI(3,5)P2. We propose that TPCs are channels dually regulated by PI(3,5)P2 and NAADP in an interdependent manner and the two endogenous ligands may have both distinguished and cooperative roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Wang
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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206
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Volchegorskii IA, Rassokhina LM, Miroshnichenko IU. [Dopaminergic potential of domestic 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives and prospects for their therapeutic «retargeting»]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:21-29. [PMID: 37655406 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312308121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the assessment of the pharmacological effects of 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives (emoxipin, reamberin and mexidol) from the standpoint of their dopaminergic activity. A systematic analysis of the data has been performed, allowing us to consider emoxipin, reamberin and mexidol as «normalizers of dopaminergic neurotransmission», the dopaminergic action of which in its phenotype corresponds to the effects of partial dopamine receptor agonists. The position that the dopaminergic effect, antioxidant and antidepressant potential of drugs containing 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-oxypyridine (emoxipine and mexidol) are associated with their inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) has been substantiated. A direct relationship between the stimulating effect of succinate-containing drugs (reamberin and mexidol) on MAO-B, their prooxidant activity, insulin-potentiating and antidepressant effects was analyzed. A hypothesis has been put forward on the general pathological significance of dopaminergic regulation disorders, the correction of which with the 3-hydroxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives can be considered as a promising strategy for improving the complex therapy of socially significant and common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L M Rassokhina
- South Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
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207
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Yu C, Li X, Zhao Y, Hu Y. The role of FOXA family transcription factors in glucolipid metabolism and NAFLD. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1081500. [PMID: 36798663 PMCID: PMC9927216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1081500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism are common pathological processes in many metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many studies have shown that the forkhead box (FOX) protein subfamily FOXA has a role in regulating glucolipid metabolism and is closely related to hepatic steatosis and NAFLD. FOXA exhibits a wide range of functions ranging from the initiation steps of metabolism such as the development of the corresponding metabolic organs and the differentiation of cells, to multiple pathways of glucolipid metabolism, to end-of-life problems of metabolism such as age-related obesity. The purpose of this article is to review and discuss the currently known targets and signal transduction pathways of FOXA in glucolipid metabolism. To provide more experimental evidence and basis for further research and clinical application of FOXA in the regulation of glucolipid metabolism and the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Zhao, ; Yiyang Hu,
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affifiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Zhao, ; Yiyang Hu,
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208
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Patel S, Zissimopoulos S, Marchant JS. Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels and Their Protein Partners. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:199-214. [PMID: 35902438 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Two-pore channels are ion channels expressed on acidic organelles such as the various vesicles that constitute the endo-lysosomal system. They are permeable to Ca2+ and Na+ and activated by the second messenger NAADP as well as the phosphoinositide, PI(3,5)P2 and/or voltage. Here, we review the proteins that interact with these channels including recently identified NAADP receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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209
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Guse AH. NAADP-Evoked Ca 2+ Signaling: The DUOX2-HN1L/JPT2-Ryanodine Receptor 1 Axis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:57-70. [PMID: 36443544 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger known to date. Major steps elucidating metabolism and Ca2+ mobilizing activity of NAADP are reviewed, with emphasis on a novel redox cycle between the inactive reduced form, NAADPH, and the active oxidized form, NAADP. Oxidation from NAADPH to NAADP is catalyzed in cell free system by (dual) NADPH oxidases NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2, whereas reduction from NAADP to NAADPH is catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Using different knockout models for NOX and DUOX isozymes, DUOX2 was identified as NAADP forming enzyme in early T-cell activation.Recently, receptors or binding proteins for NAADP were identified: hematological and neurological expressed 1-like protein (HN1L)/Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2 (JPT2) and Lsm12 are small cytosolic proteins that bind NAADP. In addition, they interact with NAADP-sensitive Ca2+ channels, such as ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) or two-pore channels (TPC).Due to its role as Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger in T cells, NAADP's involvement in inflammation is also reviewed. In the central nervous system (CNS), NAADP regulates autoimmunity because NAADP antagonism affects a couple of T-cell migration and re-activation events, e.g. secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17. Further, the role of NAADP in transdifferentiation of IL-17-producing Th17 cells into T regulatory type 1 cells in vitro and in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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210
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Abstract
The discovery of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release in sea urchin eggs and then as a ubiquitous Ca2+ mobilizing messenger has introduced several novel paradigms to our understanding of Ca2+ signalling, not least in providing a link between cell stimulation and Ca2+ release from lysosomes and other acidic Ca2+ storage organelles. In addition, the hallmark concentration-response relationship of NAADP-mediated Ca2+ release, shaped by striking activation/desensitization mechanisms, influences its actions as an intracellular messenger. There has been recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release, such as the identification of the endo-lysosomal two-pore channel family of cation channels (TPCs) as their principal target and the identity of NAADP-binding proteins that complex with them. The NAADP/TPC signalling axis has gained recent prominence in pathophysiology for their roles in such disease processes as neurodegeneration, tumorigenesis and cellular viral entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Lianne C Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lora L Martucci
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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211
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Jaślan D, Ferro IF, Kudrina V, Yuan Y, Patel S, Grimm C. PI(3,5)P 2 and NAADP: Team players or lone warriors? - New insights into TPC activation modes. Cell Calcium 2023; 109:102675. [PMID: 36525777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) is a second messenger, releasing Ca2+ from acidic calcium stores such as endosomes and lysosomes. PI(3,5)P2 (phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate) is a phospho-inositide, residing on endolysosomal membranes and likewise releasing Ca2+ from endosomes and lysosomes. Both compounds have been shown to activate endolysosomal two-pore channels (TPCs) in mammalian cells. However, their effects on ion permeability as demonstrated specifically for TPC2 differ. While PI(3,5)P2 elicits predominantly Na+-selective currents, NAADP increases the Ca2+ permeability of the channel. What happens when both compounds are applied simultaneously was unclear until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Jaślan
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Irene Flavia Ferro
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Kudrina
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu Yuan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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212
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Ma Z, Jin K, Yue M, Chen X, Chen J. Research Progress on the GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Coagonist Tirzepatide, a Rising Star in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:5891532. [PMID: 37096236 PMCID: PMC10122586 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5891532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disease that has become a growing health problem worldwide, and the dangers of hyperglycemia and its chronic complications have long been considered a goal of diabetes treatment. In recent years, tirzepatide has become the first dual GIP/GLP-1R agonist approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the United States as a new hypoglycemic medicine. Its hypoglycaemic and weight loss effects have been demonstrated in several large clinical trials, and there is also evidence that it has great potential for cardiovascular protection. In addition, the very concept of synthetic peptides opens up many unknown possibilities for tirzepatide. Ongoing trials (NCT04166773) and evidence suggest that it appears to be a promising drug in the areas of NAFLD, renal, and neuroprotection. Based on preclinical studies and clinical trials, the aim of this article is to discuss the latest clinical developments in tirzepatide, to focus on its differences with other incretin therapies, and to suggest future possibilities and mechanisms of tirzepatide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Ma
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Kaiqin Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Furong Road 678, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Mengmeng Yue
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Daling Road 16, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, China
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213
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Lv Y, Liu R, Jia H, Sun X, Gong Y, Ma L, Qiu W, Wang X. Alterations of the gut microbiota in type 2 diabetics with or without subclinical hypothyroidism. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15193. [PMID: 37073275 PMCID: PMC10106085 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes and thyroid dysfunction are two closely related endocrine diseases. Increasing evidences show that gut microbiota plays an important role in both glucose metabolism and thyroid homeostasis. Meanwhile, copy number variation (CNV) of host salivary α-amylase gene (AMY1) has been shown to correlate with glucose homeostasis. Hence, we aim to characterize the gut microbiota and CNV of AMY1 in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with or without subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). Methods High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the gut microbiota of euthyroid T2D patients, T2D patients with SCH and healthy controls. Highly sensitive droplet digital PCR was used to measure AMY1 CN. Results Our results revealed that T2D patients have lower gut microbial diversity, no matter with or without SCH. The characteristic taxa of T2D patients were Coriobacteriales, Coriobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Collinsella, Pseudomonas and Romboutsia. Meanwhile, Escherichia/Shigella, Lactobacillus_Oris, Parabacteroides Distasonis_ATCC_8503, Acetanaerobacterium, Lactonifactor, uncultured bacterium of Acetanaerobacterium were enriched in T2D patients with SCH. Moreover, serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) in T2D patients were both negatively correlated with richness of gut microbiota. A number of specific taxa were also associated with clinical parameters at the phylum and genus level. In contrast, no correlation was found between AMY1 CN and T2D or T2D_SCH. Conclusion This study identified characteristic bacterial taxa in gut microbiota of T2D patients with or without SCH, as well as the taxa associated with clinical indices in T2D patients. These results might be exploited in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanrong Lv
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaijie Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary of Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Sun
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Gong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinxiang First People’s Hospital, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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214
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Rice KL, Chan CM, Kelu JJ, Miller AL, Webb SE. A Role for Two-Pore Channel Type 2 (TPC2)-Mediated Regulation of Membrane Contact Sites During Zebrafish Notochord Biogenesis? CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2023; 6:25152564231211409. [PMID: 38028019 PMCID: PMC10658360 DOI: 10.1177/25152564231211409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that in the developing trunk of zebrafish embryos, two-pore channel type 2 (TPC2)-mediated Ca2+ release from endolysosomes plays a role in the formation of the skeletal slow muscle. In addition, TPC2-mediated Ca2+ signaling is required for axon extension and the establishment of synchronized activity in the primary motor neurons. Here, we report that TPC2 might also play a role in the development of the notochord of zebrafish embryos. For example, when tpcn2 was knocked down or out, increased numbers of small vacuoles were formed in the inner notochord cells, compared with the single large vacuole in the notochord of control embryos. This abnormal vacuolation was associated with embryos displaying attenuated body axis straightening. We also showed that TPC2 has a distinct pattern of localization in the notochord in embryos at ∼24 hpf. Finally, we conducted RNAseq to identify differentially expressed genes in tpcn2 mutants compared to wild-type controls, and found that those involved in actin filament severing, cellular component morphogenesis, Ca2+ binding, and structural constituent of cytoskeleton were downregulated in the mutants. Together, our data suggest that TPC2 activity plays a key role in notochord biogenesis in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira L. Rice
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ching Man Chan
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jeffrey J. Kelu
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Andrew L. Miller
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sarah E. Webb
- The Division of Life Science and Key State Laboratory for Molecular Neuroscience, HKUST, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
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215
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Gu S, Zhou Z, Zhang S, Cai Y. Advances in Anti-Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Effect of Erigeron Breviscapus (Vaniot) Hand-Mazz. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010050. [PMID: 36678547 PMCID: PMC9867432 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) is the decline in memory, learning, and executive function caused by diabetes. Although its pathogenesis is unclear, molecular biologists have proposed various hypotheses, including insulin resistance, amyloid β hypothesis, tau protein hyperphosphorylation hypothesis, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. DCD patients have no particular treatment options and current pharmacological regimens are suboptimal. In recent years, Chinese medicine research has shown that herbs with multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target synergistic activities can prevent and treat DCD. Yunnan is home to the medicinal herb Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand-Mazz. (EBHM). Studies have shown that EBHM and its active components have a wide range of pharmacological effects and applications in cognitive disorders. EBHM's anti-DCD properties have been seldom reviewed. Through a literature study, we were able to evaluate the likely pathophysiology of DCD, prescribe anti-DCD medication and better grasp EBHM's therapeutic potential. EBHM's pharmacological mechanism and active components for DCD treatment were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanye Gu
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Zhou
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yefeng Cai
- The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-3133-3842
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216
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Circulating MicroRNA Profiling Identifies Distinct MicroRNA Signatures in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010108. [PMID: 36613546 PMCID: PMC9820644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) refers to a momentary neurologic deficit caused by focal cerebral, spinal or retinal ischemic insult. TIA is associated with a high risk of impending acute ischemic stroke (AIS), a neurologic dysfunction characterized by focal cerebral, spinal or retinal infarction. Understanding the differences in molecular pathways in AIS and TIA has merit for deciphering the underlying cause for neuronal deficits with long-term effects and high risks of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we performed comprehensive investigations into the circulating microRNA (miRNA) profiles of AIS (n = 191) and TIA (n = 61) patients. We performed RNA-Seq on serum samples collected within 24 hrs of clinical diagnosis and randomly divided the study populations into discovery and validation cohorts. We identified a panel of 11 differentially regulated miRNAs at FDR < 0.05. Hsa-miR-548c-5p, -20a-5p, -18a-5p, -484, -652-3p, -486-3p, -24-3p, -181a-5p and -222-3p were upregulated, while hsa-miR-500a-3p and -206 were downregulated in AIS patients compared to TIA patients. We also probed the previously validated gene targets of our identified miRNA panel to highlight the molecular pathways affected in AIS. Moreover, we developed a multivariate classifier with potential utilization as a discriminative biomarker for AIS and TIA patients. The underlying molecular pathways in AIS compared to TIA may be explored further in functional studies for therapeutic targeting in clinical translation.
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217
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Capece U, Moffa S, Improta I, Di Giuseppe G, Nista EC, Cefalo CMA, Cinti F, Pontecorvi A, Gasbarrini A, Giaccari A, Mezza T. Alpha-Lipoic Acid and Glucose Metabolism: A Comprehensive Update on Biochemical and Therapeutic Features. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010018. [PMID: 36615676 PMCID: PMC9824456 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties which has effects on the regulation of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. ALA is widely prescribed in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy due to its positive effects on nerve conduction and alleviation of symptoms. It is, moreover, also prescribed in other insulin resistance conditions such as metabolic syndrome (SM), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obesity. However, several cases of Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) have been reported in subjects taking ALA. The aim of the present review is to describe the main chemical and biological functions of ALA in glucose metabolism, focusing on its antioxidant activity, its role in modulating insulin sensitivity and secretion and in symptomatic peripheral diabetic polyneuropathy. We also provide a potential explanation for increased risk for the development of IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Capece
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Moffa
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Improta
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Di Giuseppe
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Celestino Nista
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara M. A. Cefalo
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giaccari
- Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Teresa Mezza
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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218
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Epidemiologic, Genetic, Pathogenic, Metabolic, Epigenetic Aspects Involved in NASH-HCC: Current Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010023. [PMID: PMID: 36612019 PMCID: PMC9818030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and is the sixth most frequent cancer in the world, being the third cause of cancer-related deaths. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by fatty infiltration, oxidative stress and necroinflammation of the liver, with or without fibrosis, which can progress to advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes exacerbates the course of NASH, which elevate the risk of HCC. The growing prevalence of obesity are related with increasing incidence of NASH, which may play a growing role in HCC epidemiology worldwide. In addition, HCC initiation and progression is driven by reprogramming of metabolism, which indicates growing appreciation of metabolism in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although no specific preventive pharmacological treatments have recommended for NASH, dietary restriction and exercise are recommended. This review focuses on the molecular connections between HCC and NASH, including genetic and risk factors, highlighting the metabolic reprogramming and aberrant epigenetic alterations in the development of HCC in NASH. Current therapeutic aspects of NASH/HCC are also reviewed.
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219
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Iron-induced cytotoxicity mediated by endolysosomal TRPML1 channels is reverted by TFEB. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1047. [PMID: 36522443 PMCID: PMC9755144 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased brain iron content has been consistently reported in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, and an increase in cytosolic free iron is known to cause oxidative stress and cell death. However, whether iron also accumulates in susceptible brain areas in humans or in mouse models of familial PD remains unknown. In addition, whilst the lysosome functions as a critical intracellular iron storage organelle, little is known about the mechanisms underlying lysosomal iron release and how this process is influenced by lysosome biogenesis and/or lysosomal exocytosis. Here, we report an increase in brain iron content also in PD patients due to the common G2019S-LRRK2 mutation as compared to healthy age-matched controls, whilst differences in iron content are not observed in G2019S-LRRK2 knockin as compared to control mice. Chemically triggering iron overload in cultured cells causes cytotoxicity via the endolysosomal release of iron which is mediated by TRPML1. TFEB expression reverts the iron overload-associated cytotoxicity by causing lysosomal exocytosis, which is dependent on a TRPML1-mediated increase in cytosolic calcium levels. Therefore, approaches aimed at increasing TFEB levels, or pharmacological TRPML1 activation in conjunction with iron chelation may prove beneficial against cell death associated with iron overload conditions such as those associated with PD.
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220
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Liu W, Yang G, Liu P, Jiang X, Xin Y. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by microbial-derived metabolites. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1031498. [PMID: 36569060 PMCID: PMC9783635 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its complications, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, have posed a significant burden on health and healthcare systems over the years due to their high prevalence and incidence. Gut microbial derivatives are necessary for the regulation of energy metabolism and host immunity, as well as for maintaining homeostasis of the intestinal environment. Gut flora metabolites may be a link between gut microbes and diseases, such as obesity, and help understand why alterations in the microbiota can influence the pathophysiology of human disease. This is supported by emerging evidence that microbial-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids, tryptophan, trimethylamine-N-oxide, and lipopolysaccharides, can be beneficial or detrimental to the host by affecting organs outside the gut, including adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is the largest lipid storage organ in the body and an essential endocrine organ that plays an indispensable role in the regulation of lipid storage, metabolism, and energy balance. Adipose tissue metabolism includes adipocyte metabolism (lipogenesis and lipolysis), thermogenesis, and adipose tissue metabolic maladaptation. Adipose tissue dysfunction causes the development of metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Here, we review the current understanding of how these microbial metabolites are produced and discuss both established mechanisms and the most recent effects of microbial products on host adipose tissue metabolism. We aimed to identify novel therapeutic targets or strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyun Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pinyi Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology and Therapy, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Xin Jiang,
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Ying Xin,
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221
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Katturajan R, Kannampuzha S, Murali R, Namachivayam A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Prince SE. Exploring the Regulatory Role of ncRNA in NAFLD: A Particular Focus on PPARs. Cells 2022; 11:3959. [PMID: 36552725 PMCID: PMC9777112 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are responsible for global mortality and morbidity and are a significant cause of death worldwide. Consequently, the advancement of new liver disease targets is of great interest. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), such as microRNA (miRNA) and long ncRNA (lncRNA), has been proven to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of virtually all acute and chronic liver disorders. Recent studies demonstrated the medical applications of miRNA in various phases of hepatic pathology. PPARs play a major role in regulating many signaling pathways involved in various metabolic disorders. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent form of chronic liver disease in the world, encompassing a spectrum spanning from mild steatosis to severe non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PPARs were found to be one of the major regulators in the progression of NAFLD. There is no recognized treatment for NAFLD, even though numerous clinical trials are now underway. NAFLD is a major risk factor for developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its frequency increases as obesity and diabetes become more prevalent. Reprogramming anti-diabetic and anti-obesity drugs is an effective therapy option for NAFLD and NASH. Several studies have also focused on the role of ncRNAs in the pathophysiology of NAFLD. The regulatory effects of these ncRNAs make them a primary target for treatments and as early biomarkers. In this study, the main focus will be to understand the regulation of PPARs through ncRNAs and their role in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramkumar Katturajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandra Kannampuzha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Reshma Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, West Bengal, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sabina Evan Prince
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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222
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He X, Wang W, Zhu Z, Zang J, Liu T, Shi Y, Fu C. Percent Body Fat-Related Disparities of Serum Ferritin on the Risk of Lipid Metabolism Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16235. [PMID: 36498311 PMCID: PMC9740190 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between serum ferritin and dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with different degrees of obesity. METHOD In this multi-stage, stratified, randomized, sampling cross-section cohort study, demographic data were collected by questionnaire from 4320 children and adolescents (aged 6-17 years) in Shanghai, China. Anthropometric measures and percent body fat (PBF) were recorded. Serum lipid parameters were detected by an automatic biochemical method, and ferritin levels were measured by an automatic immunoassay. RESULTS Our results showed 70.6%, 13.9%, and 15.5% of participants had a healthy body fat, low fat, and overweight/obese, respectively. Increasing ferritin quartiles were independently associated with a greater hazard of dyslipidemia, especially in overweight/obese participants, and the OR (95% CI) was 3.01 (1.29-7.00), 3.58 (1.59-8.04), and 5.66 (2.57-12.46) across the ferritin quartiles after adjustment for confounders. Ferritin was only a predictive value for dyslipidemia in overweight/obese participants (AUC = 0.64) and was consistent in boys (AUC = 0.61) and girls (AUC = 0.68). The significant positive correlation between ferritin value and lipid abnormalities profiles (except for low HDL-C) mainly appeared in the overweight/obesity group. CONCLUSION The results showed that serum ferritin can be considered an independent risk factor for dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with obesity. HIGHLIGHTS Ferritin overload had a greater risk of dyslipidemia, especially in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin He
- Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Zhenni Zhu
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factors Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Chen Fu
- Laboratory of Functional Medicine, Division of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Injury, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
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223
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Locia‐Morales D, Vázquez‐Moreno M, González‐Dzib R, Domínguez‐Hernández C, Pérez‐Herrera A, Robles‐Ramírez RJ, Rocha‐Cruz A, Meyre D, Flores‐Alfaro E, Cruz M. Association of total and pancreatic serum amylase enzymatic activity with insulin resistance and the glucose and insulin responses to oral starch test in Mexican children. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12965. [PMID: 36350201 PMCID: PMC9787783 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Little is known about the effect of serum amylase enzymatic activity on glucose metabolism. We investigated the association of serum amylase enzymatic activity with fasting plasma glucose, insulin resistance (IR), and the plasma glucose and insulin response to an oral starch test (OST) in Mexican children. METHODS Anthropometric data, glucose and insulin levels, and the serum enzymatic activity of total (AMYt), salivary (AMY1), and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase were analysed in 764 children (Nnormal weight = 427/Nobesity = 337). After categorization into low (LA) and high (HA) AMYt, an OST with commercial white bread was performed in 39 children (Nnormal weight = 17/Nobesity = 22). RESULTS A positive association between serum enzymatic activity of AMY2 and IR was observed in children with obesity (p = 0.018). Children with normal weight had lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST than children with obesity (Pglucose = 4.1 × 10-12 ; Pinsulin = 2.1 × 10-15 ). Compared with the LA group, children with HA showed lower plasma glucose and insulin response to OST (Pglucose ≤ 0.040; Pinsulin ≤ 0.015). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that AMY2 is positively associated with IR. A high level of AMYt is related to lower glucose and insulin responses to OST in Mexican children, regardless of their weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Locia‐Morales
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Vázquez‐Moreno
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Roxana González‐Dzib
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Carmen Domínguez‐Hernández
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Jefatura de los Servicios de Prestaciones MédicasCoordinación Auxiliar Médica de Investigación en SaludCampecheMexico
| | - Aleyda Pérez‐Herrera
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaInstituto Politécnico Nacional‐Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral‐Regional Unidad OaxacaOaxaca CityMexico
| | - Roberto J. Robles‐Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - Alberto Rocha‐Cruz
- Laboratorio de Patología Clínica, División de Auxiliares de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento, Hospital de PediatríaCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico
| | - David Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and ImpactMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada,Faculty of Medicine of Nancy INSERM UMR_S 1256, Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk ExposureUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance,Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and NutritionUniversity Hospital of NancyNancyFrance
| | - Eugenia Flores‐Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico BiológicasUniversidad Autónoma de GuerreroChilpancingoMexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico CityMexico,Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
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224
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Zhang W, Huang W, Tan J, Guo Q, Wu B. Heterogeneous catalysis mediated by light, electricity and enzyme via machine learning: Paradigms, applications and prospects. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136447. [PMID: 36116627 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Energy crisis and environmental pollution have become the bottleneck of human sustainable development. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new catalysts for energy production and environmental remediation. Due to the high cost caused by blind screening and limited valuable computing resources, the traditional experimental methods and theoretical calculations are difficult to meet with the requirements. In the past decades, computer science has made great progress, especially in the field of machine learning (ML). As a new research paradigm, ML greatly accelerates the theoretical calculation methods represented by first principal calculation and molecular dynamics, and establish the physical picture of heterogeneous catalytic processes for energy and environment. This review firstly summarized the general research paradigms of ML in the discovery of catalysts. Then, the latest progresses of ML in light-, electricity- and enzyme-mediated heterogeneous catalysis were reviewed from the perspective of catalytic performance, operating conditions and reaction mechanism. The general guidelines of ML for heterogeneous catalysis were proposed. Finally, the existing problems and future development trend of ML in heterogeneous catalysis mediated by light, electricity and enzyme were summarized. We highly expect that this review will facilitate the interaction between ML and heterogeneous catalysis, and illuminate the development prospect of heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Huang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Tan
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Guo
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRC, Guangzhou, 510655, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingdang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Suzhou Sponge City Technology, Suzhou, 215002, People's Republic of China.
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225
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Du C, Guan X, Yan J. Two-pore channel blockade by phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors YM201636 and PI-103 determined by a histidine residue near pore-entrance. Commun Biol 2022; 5:738. [PMID: 35871252 PMCID: PMC9308409 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human two-pore channels (TPCs) are endolysosomal cation channels and play an important role in NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release and endomembrane dynamics. We found that YM201636, a PIKfyve inhibitor, potently inhibits PI(3,5)P2-activated human TPC2 with an IC50 of 0.16 μM. YM201636 also effectively inhibits NAADP-activated TPC2 and a constitutively-open TPC2 L690A/L694A mutant channel; whereas it exerts little effect when applied in the channel’s closed state. PI-103, a YM201636 analog and an inhibitor of PI3K and mTOR, also inhibits human TPC2 with an IC50 of 0.64 μM. With mutational, virtual docking, and molecular dynamic simulation analyses, we found that YM201636 and PI-103 directly block the TPC2’s open-state channel pore at the bundle-cross pore-gate region where a nearby H699 residue is a key determinant for channel’s sensitivity to the inhibitors. H699 likely interacts with the blockers around the pore entrance and facilitates their access to the pore. Substitution of a Phe for H699 largely accounts for the TPC1 channel’s insensitivity to YM201636. These findings identify two potent TPC2 channel blockers, reveal a channel pore entrance blockade mechanism, and provide an ion channel target in interpreting the pharmacological effects of two commonly used phosphoinositide kinase inhibitors. YM201636 and PI-103 are potent inhibitors of human two-pore channel 2 that act through a channel pore entrance blockade mechanism.
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226
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Guse AH. Tuning TPC2. Cell Calcium 2022; 108:102653. [PMID: 36279843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246 Germany.
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227
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Russell T, Gangotia D, Barry G. Assessing the potential of repurposing ion channel inhibitors to treat emerging viral diseases and the role of this host factor in virus replication. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113850. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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228
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Kang S, Lee AG, Im S, Oh SJ, Yoon HJ, Park JH, Pak YK. A Novel Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Antagonist HBU651 Ameliorates Peripheral and Hypothalamic Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314871. [PMID: 36499198 PMCID: PMC9736602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic peripheral inflammation condition that is strongly correlated with neurodegenerative diseases and associated with exposure to environmental chemicals. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor activated by environmental chemical, such as dioxins, and also is a regulator of inflammation through interacting with nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In this study, we evaluated the anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory activity of HBU651, a novel AhR antagonist. In BV2 microglia cells, HBU651 successfully inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated nuclear localization of NF-κB and production of NF-κB-dependent proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. It also restored LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. While mice being fed a high-fat diet (HFD) induced peripheral and central inflammation and obesity, HBU651 alleviated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and liver enzyme activity, without hepatic and renal damage. HBU651 ameliorated the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, proinflammatory Ly6chigh monocytes, and macrophage infiltration in the blood, liver, and adipose tissue. HBU651 also decreased microglial activation in the arcuate nucleus in the hypothalamus. These findings suggest that HBU651 may be a potential candidate for the treatment of obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sora Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Suyeol Im
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ji Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Park
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseodaero, Dukmyung-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Neuroscience, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0908
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229
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Singh DD, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. Development of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance and Antidiabetic Drug Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233767. [PMID: 36497027 PMCID: PMC9738282 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia is reported to be common in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes contributes to common molecular mechanisms and an underlying pathology with dementia. Brain cells becoming resistant to insulin leads to elevated blood glucose levels, impaired synaptic plasticity, microglial overactivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal apoptosis, nutrient deprivation, TAU (Tubulin-Associated Unit) phosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction. If insulin has neuroprotective properties, insulin resistance may interfere with those properties. Risk factors have a significant impact on the development of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, stroke, and other conditions. Analysis of risk factors of importance for the association between diabetes and dementia is important because they may impede clinical management and early diagnosis. We discuss the pathological and physiological mechanisms behind the association between Type 2 diabetes mellitus and dementia, such as insulin resistance, insulin signaling, and sporadic forms of dementia; the relationship between insulin receptor activation and TAU phosphorylation; dementia and mRNA expression and downregulation of related receptors; neural modulation due to insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis; and neuronal apoptosis due to insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Addressing these factors will offer clinical outcome-based insights into the mechanisms and connection between patients with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment. Furthermore, we will explore the role of brain insulin resistance and evidence for anti-diabetic drugs in the prevention of dementia risk in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, India
| | - Ali A. Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-H.C.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (D.K.Y.)
| | - Dharmendra K. Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Gachon University, Incheon 21924, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-H.C.); (D.K.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4947 (D.K.Y.)
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230
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Pedrosa L, Hoyos J, Reyes L, Llull L, Santana D, de Riva N, Mellado R, Sala X, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Enseñat J, Amaro S, Torné R. MicroRNA cerebrospinal fluid profile during the early brain injury period as a biomarker in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1016814. [PMID: 36505512 PMCID: PMC9732100 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1016814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a dreadful complication present in up to 30% of patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Indeed, DCI is one of the main causes of long-term disability in SAH, yet its prediction and prevention are troublesome in poor-grade SAH cases. In this prospective study, we explored the potential role of micro ribonucleic acid (microRNA, abbreviated miRNAs)-small non-coding RNAs involved in clue gene regulation at the post-transcriptional level-as biomarkers of neurological outcomes in SAH patients. Methods We analyzed the expression of several miRNAs present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of SAH patients during the early stage of the disease (third-day post-hemorrhage). NanoString Technologies were used for the characterization of the CSF samples. Results We found an overexpression of miRNAs in the acute stage of 57 SAH in comparison with 10 non-SAH controls. Moreover, a differential expression of specific miRNAs was detected according to the severity of clinical onset, but also regarding the development of DCI and the midterm functional outcomes. Conclusion These observations reinforce the potential utility of miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in SAH patients. In addition, the identification of specific miRNAs related to SAH evolution might provide insights into their regulatory functions of pathophysiological pathways, such as the TGF-β inflammatory pathway and blood-brain barrier disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Pedrosa
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jhon Hoyos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Reyes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Llull
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Santana
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás de Riva
- Neuroanesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Mellado
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Neuroanesthesia Division, Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joaquim Enseñat
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Amaro
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Comprehensive Stroke Center, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,*Correspondence: Sergio Amaro,
| | - Ramon Torné
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain,Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Ramon Torné,
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231
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You J, Yusupova M, Zippin JH. The potential impact of melanosomal pH and metabolism on melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887770. [PMID: 36483028 PMCID: PMC9723380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin is synthesized in melanocytes and is transferred into keratinocytes to block the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation and is important for preventing skin cancers including melanoma. However, it is known that after melanomagenesis and melanoma invasion or metastases, melanin synthesis still occurs. Since melanoma cells are no longer involved in the sun tanning process, it is unclear why melanocytes would maintain melanin synthesis after melanomagenesis has occurred. Aside from blocking UV-induced DNA mutation, melanin may provide other metabolic functions that could benefit melanoma. In addition, studies have suggested that there may be a selective advantage to melanin synthesis in melanoma; however, mechanisms regulating melanin synthesis outside the epidermis or hair follicle is unknown. We will discuss how melanosomal pH controls melanin synthesis in melanocytes and how melanosomal pH control of melanin synthesis might function in melanoma. We will also discuss potential reasons why melanin synthesis might be beneficial for melanoma cellular metabolism and provide a rationale for why melanin synthesis is not limited to benign melanocytes.
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232
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Aarsland TIM, Instanes JT, Posserud MBR, Ulvik A, Kessler U, Haavik J. Changes in Tryptophan-Kynurenine Metabolism in Patients with Depression Undergoing ECT-A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1439. [PMID: 36422569 PMCID: PMC9694349 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan (Trp) metabolism generates multiple biologically active metabolites (kynurenines) that have been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been suggested that modulation of kynurenine metabolism could be involved in the therapeutic effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We performed a systematic review with aims of summarizing changes in Trp and/or kynurenines after ECT and assessing methodological issues. The inclusion criterium was measures of Trp and/or kynurenines before and after ECT. Animal studies and studies using Trp administration or Trp depletion were excluded. Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo and PubMed were searched, most recently in July 2022. Outcomes were levels of Trp, kynurenines and ratios before and after ECT. Data on factors affecting Trp metabolism and ECT were collected for interpretation and discussion of the reported changes. We included 17 studies with repeated measures for a total of 386 patients and 27 controls. Synthesis using vote counting based on the direction of effect found no evidence of effect of ECT on any outcome variable. There were considerable variations in design, patient characteristics and reported items. We suggest that future studies should include larger samples, assess important covariates and determine between- and within-subject variability. PROSPERO (CRD42020187003).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maj-Britt Rocio Posserud
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Arve Ulvik
- Bevital A/S, Laboratoriebygget, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ute Kessler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
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233
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Nuanced Interactions between AKAP79 and STIM1 with Orai1 Ca 2+ Channels at Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Junctions Sustain NFAT Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0017522. [PMID: 36317924 PMCID: PMC9670898 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00175-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A-kinase anchoring protein 79 (AKAP79) is a human scaffolding protein that organizes Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, calmodulin, cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, and the transcription factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT1) into a signalosome at the plasma membrane. Upon Ca2+ store depletion, AKAP79 interacts with the N-terminus of STIM1-gated Orai1 Ca2+ channels, enabling Ca2+ nanodomains to stimulate calcineurin. Calcineurin then dephosphorylates and activates NFAT1, which then translocates to the nucleus. A fundamental question is how signalosomes maintain long-term signaling when key effectors are released and therefore removed beyond the reach of the activating signal. Here, we show that the AKAP79-Orai1 interaction is considerably more transient than that of STIM1-Orai1. Free AKAP79, with calcineurin and NFAT1 in tow, is able to replace rapidly AKAP79 devoid of NFAT1 on Orai1, in the presence of continuous Ca2+ entry. We also show that Ca2+ nanodomains near Orai1 channels activate almost the entire cytosolic pool of NFAT1. Recycling of inactive NFAT1 from the cytoplasm to AKAP79 in the plasma membrane, coupled with the relatively weak interaction between AKAP79 and Orai1, maintain excitation-transcription coupling. By measuring rates for AKAP79-NFAT interaction, we formulate a mathematical model that simulates NFAT dynamics at the plasma membrane.
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234
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Bartoli F, Cioni RM, Cavaleri D, Callovini T, Crocamo C, Misiak B, Savitz JB, Carrà G. The association of kynurenine pathway metabolites with symptom severity and clinical features of bipolar disorder: An overview. Eur Psychiatry 2022; 65:e82. [PMID: 36366795 PMCID: PMC9724221 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of kynurenine pathway (KP) components has been recently proposed as a key element in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) and related mood episodes. This comprehensive overview explored the link of KP with symptom severity and other clinical features of BD. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and PsycInfo electronic databases for studies assessing the association of peripheral and/or central concentrations of KP metabolites with putative clinical features, including symptom severity and other clinical domains in BD. RESULTS We included the findings of 13 observational studies investigating the possible variations of KP metabolites according to symptom severity, psychotic features, suicidal behaviors, and sleep disturbances in BD. Studies testing the relationship between KP metabolites and depression severity generated mixed and inconsistent findings. No statistically significant correlations with manic symptoms were found. Moreover, heterogeneous variations of the KP across different clinical domains were shown. Few available studies found (a) higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid kynurenic acid and lower of plasma quinolinic acid in BD with psychotic features, (b) lower central and peripheral picolinic acid levels in BD with suicide attempts, and (c) no significant correlations between KP metabolites and BD-related sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS An imbalance of KP metabolism toward the neurotoxic branches is likely to occur in people with BD, though evidence on variations according to specific clinical features of BD is less clear. Additional research is needed to clarify the role of KP in the etiopathogenesis of BD and related clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bartoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Riccardo M Cioni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Cavaleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Tommaso Callovini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Cristina Crocamo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jonathan B Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.,Oxley College of Health Sciences, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Giuseppe Carrà
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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235
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Hu M, Zhou N, Cai W, Xu H. Lysosomal solute and water transport. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213536. [PMID: 36219209 PMCID: PMC9559593 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202109133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes mediate hydrolase-catalyzed macromolecule degradation to produce building block catabolites for reuse. Lysosome function requires an osmo-sensing machinery that regulates osmolytes (ions and organic solutes) and water flux. During hypoosmotic stress or when undigested materials accumulate, lysosomes become swollen and hypo-functional. As a membranous organelle filled with cargo macromolecules, catabolites, ions, and hydrolases, the lysosome must have mechanisms that regulate its shape and size while coordinating content exchange. In this review, we discussed the mechanisms that regulate lysosomal fusion and fission as well as swelling and condensation, with a focus on solute and water transport mechanisms across lysosomal membranes. Lysosomal H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl- channels and transporters sense trafficking and osmotic cues to regulate both solute flux and membrane trafficking. We also provide perspectives on how lysosomes may adjust the volume of themselves, the cytosol, and the cytoplasm through the control of lysosomal solute and water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqin Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijie Cai
- Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Liangzhu Laboratory & Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
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236
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Khanmohammadi S, Kuchay MS. Toll-like receptors and metabolic (dysfunction)-associated fatty liver disease. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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237
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Chen C, Liu L, Luo J. Identification of the molecular mechanism and candidate markers for diabetic nephropathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1248. [PMID: 36544633 PMCID: PMC9761143 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications in diabetic patients. New strategies are needed to delay the occurrence and development of this pathology. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in glomeruli and renal tubules were identified using the GSE30122 dataset, and a co-expression network was constructed to identify the hub genes of modules. The biological function and signaling pathway of the module genes were also analyzed. In addition, the expression of 24 immune cells and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) values of the hub genes were also calculated. Results A total of 1,778 DEGs were isolated from glomeruli and 1,996 DEGs were isolated from renal tubules. Nine modules and their hub genes were identified using the co-expression network. Enrichment analysis showed that the module genes were mainly enriched in immune inflammation and oxidative stress. The expressions of B cells, activated dendritic cell, and T cells in the glomeruli and renal tubules of DN patients were higher than those in the controls, and the correlation between these immune cells was the strongest. Collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), the hub gene of the brown module, had the highest AUC values and may have a better clinical diagnostic ability. Conclusions In conclusion, the module genes and related biological functions and signaling pathways found in this study can deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanism of DN progression. COL1A2 may be a potential biomarker for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Workers' Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Workers' Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Workers' Hospital, Nanning, China
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238
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Xanthan gum modified fish gelatin and binary culture modulates the metabolism of probiotics in fermented milk mainly via amino acid metabolism pathways. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111844. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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239
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Khalifa O, H. Mroue K, Mall R, Ullah E, S. Al-Akl N, Arredouani A. Investigation of the Effect of Exendin-4 on Oleic Acid-Induced Steatosis in HepG2 Cells Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102652. [PMID: 36289914 PMCID: PMC9599706 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver lesion that is untreatable with medications. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have recently emerged as a potential NAFLD pharmacotherapy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these drugs’ beneficial effects are not fully understood. Using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, we sought to investigate the biochemical changes in a steatosis cell model treated or not with the GLP-1R agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4). HepG2 cells were made steatotic with 400 µM of oleic acid and then treated with 200 nM Ex-4 in order to reduce lipid accumulation. We quantified steatosis using the Oil Red O staining method. We investigated the biochemical alterations induced by steatosis and Ex-4 treatment using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and chemometric analyses. Analysis of the Oil Red O staining showed that Ex-4 significantly reduces steatosis. This reduction was confirmed by FTIR analysis, as the phospholipid band (C=O) at 1740 cm−1 in Ex-4 treated cells is significantly decreased compared to steatotic cells. The principal component analysis score plots for both the lipid and protein regions showed that the untreated and Ex-4-treated samples, while still separated, are clustered close to each other, far from the steatotic cells. The biochemical and structural changes induced by OA-induced lipotoxicity are at least partially reversed upon Ex-4 treatment. FTIR and chemometric analyses revealed that Ex-4 significantly reduces OA-induced lipid accumulation, and Ex-4 also restored the lipid and protein biochemical alterations caused by lipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress. In combination with chemometric analyses, FTIR spectroscopy may offer new approaches for investigating the mechanisms underpinning NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olfa Khalifa
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Kamal H. Mroue
- Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Ehsan Ullah
- Qatar Computing Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Nayla S. Al-Akl
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha 34110, Qatar
- Correspondence:
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240
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KIANI AYSHAKARIM, BONETTI GABRIELE, DONATO KEVIN, KAFTALLI JURGEN, HERBST KARENL, STUPPIA LIBORIO, FIORETTI FRANCESCO, NODARI SAVINA, PERRONE MARCO, CHIURAZZI PIETRO, BELLINATO FRANCESCO, GISONDI PAOLO, BERTELLI MATTEO. Polymorphisms, diet and nutrigenomics. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E125-E141. [PMID: 36479483 PMCID: PMC9710387 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.2s3.2754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Every human being possesses an exclusive nutritional blueprint inside their genes. Bioactive food components and nutrients affect the expression of such genes. Nutrigenomics is the science that analyzes gene-nutrient interactions (nutrigenetics), which can lead to the development of personalized nutritional recommendations to maintain optimal health and prevent disease. Genomic diversity among various ethnic groups might affect nutrients bioavailability as well as their metabolism. Nutrigenomics combines different branches of science including nutrition, bioinformatics, genomics, molecular biology, molecular medicine, and epidemiology. Genes regulate intake and metabolism of different nutrients, while nutrients positively or negatively influence the expression of a number of genes; testing of specific genetic polymorphisms may therefore become a useful tool to manage weight loss and to fully understand gene-nutrient interactions. Indeed, several approaches are used to study gene-nutrient interactions: epigenetics, the study of genome modification not related to changes in nucleotide sequence; transcriptomics, the study of tissue-specific and time-specific RNA transcripts; proteomics, the study of proteins involved in biological processes; and metabolomics, the study of changes of primary and secondary metabolites in body fluids and tissues. Hence, the use of nutrigenomics to improve and optimize a healthy, balanced diet in clinical settings could be an effective approach for long-term lifestyle changes that might lead to consistent weight loss and improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - GABRIELE BONETTI
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- Correspondence: Gabriele Bonetti, MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), 38068, Italy. E-mail:
| | | | | | - KAREN L. HERBST
- Total Lipedema Care, Beverly Hills California and Tucson Arizona, USA
| | - LIBORIO STUPPIA
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti, Italy
| | - FRANCESCO FIORETTI
- Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia and ASST “Spedali Civili” Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - SAVINA NODARI
- Department of Cardiology, University of Brescia and ASST “Spedali Civili” Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - MARCO PERRONE
- Department of Cardiology and CardioLab, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - PIETRO CHIURAZZI
- Istituto di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- UOC Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - FRANCESCO BELLINATO
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - PAOLO GISONDI
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - MATTEO BERTELLI
- MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy
- MAGI’S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy
- MAGISNAT, Peachtree Corners (GA), USA
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241
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Rusu I, Pirlog R, Chiroi P, Nutu A, Puia VR, Fetti AC, Rusu DR, Berindan-Neagoe I, Al Hajjar N. The Implications of Noncoding RNAs in the Evolution and Progression of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)-Related HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12370. [PMID: 36293225 PMCID: PMC9603983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver pathology worldwide. Meanwhile, liver cancer represents the sixth most common malignancy, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as the primary, most prevalent subtype. Due to the rising incidence of metabolic disorders, NAFLD has become one of the main contributing factors to HCC development. However, although NAFLD might account for about a fourth of HCC cases, there is currently a significant gap in HCC surveillance protocols regarding noncirrhotic NAFLD patients, so the majority of NAFLD-related HCC cases were diagnosed in late stages when survival chances are minimal. However, in the past decade, the focus in cancer genomics has shifted towards the noncoding part of the genome, especially on the microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which have proved to be involved in the regulation of several malignant processes. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding some of the main dysregulated, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their implications for NAFLD and HCC development. A central focus of the review is on miRNA and lncRNAs that can influence the progression of NAFLD towards HCC and how they can be used as potential screening tools and future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Pirlog
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Chiroi
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Nutu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad Radu Puia
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alin Cornel Fetti
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel Radu Rusu
- Department of Pathology, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- 3rd Department of General Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400186 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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242
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Toor SM, Aldous EK, Parray A, Akhtar N, Al-Sarraj Y, Abdelalim EM, Arredouani A, El-Agnaf O, Thornalley PJ, Pananchikkal SV, Pir GJ, Kuni RAT, Shuaib A, Alajez NM, Albagha OME. Identification of distinct circulating microRNAs in acute ischemic stroke patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1024790. [PMID: 36277770 PMCID: PMC9582656 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1024790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of global mortality and continued efforts aim to identify predictive, diagnostic, or prognostic biomarkers to reduce the disease burden. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential biomarkers in stroke. We performed comprehensive circulating miRNA profiling of ischemic stroke patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an important risk factor associated with worse clinical outcomes in stroke. Serum samples were collected within 24 h of acute stroke diagnosis and circulating miRNAs profiled using RNA-Seq were compared between stroke patients with T2DM (SWDM; n = 92) and those without T2DM (SWoDM; n = 98). Our analysis workflow involved random allocation of study cohorts into discovery (n = 96) and validation (n = 94) datasets. Five miRNAs were found to be differentially regulated in SWDM compared to SWoDM patients. Hsa-miR-361-3p and -664a-5p were downregulated, whereas miR-423-3p, -140-5p, and -17-3p were upregulated. We also explored the gene targets of these miRNAs and investigated the downstream pathways associated with them to decipher the potential pathways impacted in stroke with diabetes as comorbidity. Overall, our novel findings provide important insights into the differentially regulated miRNAs, their associated pathways and potential utilization for clinical benefits in ischemic stroke patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M. Toor
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman K. Aldous
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Aijaz Parray
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasser Al-Sarraj
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Qatar Genome Program, Qatar Foundation Research, Development and Innovation, Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelilah Arredouani
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Paul J. Thornalley
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Sajitha V. Pananchikkal
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Ghulam Jeelani Pir
- The Neuroscience Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada,Department of Neurology, Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
| | - Nehad M. Alajez
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Translational Cancer and Immunity Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar,Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Omar M. E. Albagha,
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243
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Piirsalu M, Taalberg E, Jayaram M, Lilleväli K, Zilmer M, Vasar E. Impact of a High-Fat Diet on the Metabolomics Profile of 129S6 and C57BL6 Mouse Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911682. [PMID: 36232982 PMCID: PMC9569783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different inbred mouse strains vary substantially in their behavior and metabolic phenotype under physiological and pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to extend the knowledge of distinct coping strategies under challenging events in two differently adapting mouse strains: C57BL/6NTac (Bl6) and 129S6/SvEvTac (129Sv). Thus, we aimed to investigate possible similarities and differences in the body weight change, behavior, and several metabolic variables in Bl6 and 129Sv strains in response to high-fat diet (HFD) using the AbsoluteIDQ p180 kit. We found that 9 weeks of HFD induced a significant body weight gain in 129Sv, but not in Bl6 mice. Besides that, 129Sv mice displayed anxiety-like behavior in the open-field test. Metabolite profiling revealed that 129Sv mice had higher levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids, which were even more amplified by HFD. HFD also induced a decrease in glycine, spermidine, and t4-OH-proline levels in 129Sv mice. Although acylcarnitines (ACs) dominated in baseline conditions in 129Sv strain, this strain had a significantly stronger AC-reducing effect of HFD. Moreover, 129Sv mice had higher levels of lipids in baseline conditions, but HFD caused more pronounced alterations in lipid profile in Bl6 mice. Taken together, our results show that the Bl6 line is better adapted to abundant fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Piirsalu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Egon Taalberg
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kersti Lilleväli
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eero Vasar
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Tartu, 19 Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Center of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
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244
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Wei X, Yin F, Wu M, Xie Q, Zhao X, Zhu C, Xie R, Chen C, Liu M, Wang X, Ren R, Kang G, Zhu C, Cong J, Wang H, Wang X. G protein-coupled receptor 35 attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by reprogramming cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1128-1144. [PMID: 36970193 PMCID: PMC10031266 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Fat accumulation "sensitizes" the liver to insult and leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) is involved in metabolic stresses, but its role in NAFLD is unknown. We report that hepatocyte GPR35 mitigates NASH by regulating hepatic cholesterol homeostasis. Specifically, we found that GPR35 overexpression in hepatocytes protected against high-fat/cholesterol/fructose (HFCF) diet-induced steatohepatitis, whereas loss of GPR35 had the opposite effect. Administration of the GPR35 agonist kynurenic acid (Kyna) suppressed HFCF diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice. Kyna/GPR35 induced expression of StAR-related lipid transfer protein 4 (STARD4) through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, ultimately resulting in hepatic cholesterol esterification and bile acid synthesis (BAS). The overexpression of STARD4 increased the expression of the BAS rate-limiting enzymes cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) and CYP8B1, promoting the conversion of cholesterol to bile acid. The protective effect induced by GPR35 overexpression in hepatocytes disappeared in hepatocyte STARD4-knockdown mice. STARD4 overexpression in hepatocytes reversed the aggravation of HFCF diet-induced steatohepatitis caused by the loss of GPR35 expression in hepatocytes in mice. Our findings indicate that the GPR35-STARD4 axis is a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wei
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fan Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huainan First People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Miaomiao Wu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qianqian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xueqin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruiqian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chongqing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Menghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ruixue Ren
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guijie Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chenwen Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jingjing Cong
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230036, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Xuefu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Corresponding authors.
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Arvanitakis K, Koufakis T, Kotsa K, Germanidis G. How Far beyond Diabetes Can the Benefits of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Go? A Review of the Evidence on Their Effects on Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194651. [PMID: 36230573 PMCID: PMC9562923 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by poor survival rate and quality of life, while available treatments remain generally limited. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) originally emerged as drugs for the management of diabetes, but have also been shown to alleviate cardiorenal risk. Furthermore, they have demonstrated a wide range of extraglycemic effects that led to their evaluation as potential therapies for a variety of diseases beyond diabetes, such as obesity, neurogenerative disorders and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Given the presence of the GLP-1 receptor in hepatocytes, animal data suggest that GLP-1 RAs could regulate molecular pathways that are deeply involved in the genesis and progression of HCC, including inflammatory responses, tumor cell proliferation and oxidative stress, through direct and indirect effects on liver cells. However, future studies must assess several aspects of the benefit-to-risk ratio of the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with HCC, including co-administration with approved systemic therapies, the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects in a high-risk population, and weight loss management in individuals with poor nutritional status and high rates of cancer cachexia. In this narrative review, we discuss the potential role of GLP-1 analogs in the treatment of HCC, focusing on the molecular mechanisms that could justify a possible benefit, but also referring to the potential clinical implications and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Arvanitakis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (SUBRE), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theocharis Koufakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Kotsa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Centre, First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Germanidis
- First Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Basic and Translational Research Unit (BTRU) of Special Unit for Biomedical Research and Education (SUBRE), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-231-330-3156; Fax: +30-231-099-4638
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Zaiou M. Noncoding RNAs as additional mediators of epigenetic regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:5111-5128. [PMID: 36188722 PMCID: PMC9516672 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i35.5111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common cause of chronic liver disorder worldwide. It represents a spectrum that includes a continuum of different clinical entities ranging from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, which can evolve to cirrhosis and in some cases to hepatocellular carcinoma, ultimately leading to liver failure. The pathogenesis of NAFLD and the mechanisms underlying its progression to more pathological stages are not completely understood. Besides genetic factors, evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms occurring in response to environmental stimuli also contribute to the disease risk. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, are one of the epigenetic factors that play key regulatory roles in the development of NAFLD. As the field of ncRNAs is rapidly evolving, the present review aims to explore the current state of knowledge on the roles of these RNA species in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, highlight relevant mechanisms by which some ncRNAs can modulate regulatory networks implicated in NAFLD, and discuss key challenges and future directions facing current research in the hopes of developing ncRNAs as next-generation non-invasive diagnostics and therapies in NAFLD and subsequent progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zaiou
- Institut Jean Lamour, UMR CNRS 7198, CNRS, University of Lorraine, Nancy 54011, France
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247
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El Sobky SA, Aboud NK, El Assaly NM, Fawzy IO, El-Ekiaby N, Abdelaziz AI. Regulation of lipid droplet (LD) formation in hepatocytes via regulation of SREBP1c by non-coding RNAs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:903856. [PMID: 36203751 PMCID: PMC9530594 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.903856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Increased de novo lipogenesis (DNL) is one of the key factors contributing to fat accumulation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Among the critical transcription factors (TFs) regulating DNL is mTOR and its downstream lipogenic TF, SREBP1c. In recent years, it has been established that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play role in both biological processes and disease pathogenesis. Our group has previously characterized microRNAs that can target and regulate the expression of both mTOR and SREBP1c. Accordingly, this study aimed to broaden our understanding of the role of ncRNAs in regulating the mTOR/SREBP1c axis to elucidate the role of the non-coding transcriptome in DNL and lipid droplet (LD) formation. Hence, short ncRNA, miR-615-5p, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), H19, were chosen as they were previously proven to target mTOR by our group and in the published literature, respectively. Methodology Huh-7 cells were treated with 800 μM oleic acid (OA) to promote LD formation. Transfection of miR-615-5p mimics or H19 over-expression vectors was performed, followed by the measurement of their downstream targets, mTOR and SREBP, on the mRNA level by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and on the protein level by Western blot. To determine the functional impact of miR-615-5p and H19 on LD formation and triglyceride (TG) accumulation, post-transfection LDs were stained, imaged, and characterized, and TGs were extracted and quantified. Results miR-615-5p was able to reduce mTOR and SREBP1c significantly on both the mRNA and protein levels compared to control cells, while H19 caused a reduction of both targets on the protein level only. Both miR-615-5p and H19 were able to significantly reduce the LD count and total area, as well as TG levels compared to control cells. Conclusion To conclude, this study shows, for the first time, the impact of miR-615-5p and H19 on the mTOR/SREBP1c axis, and thus, their functional impact on LDs and TG accumulation. These findings might pave the way for using ncRNAs as potential therapeutic targets in the management of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nihal M. El Assaly
- Clinical Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Injie O. Fawzy
- School of Medicine, Newgiza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Ekiaby
- School of Medicine, Newgiza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I. Abdelaziz
- School of Medicine, Newgiza University (NGU), Giza, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed I. Abdelaziz
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248
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Darand M, Amirinejad A, Salehi-Abargouei A, Davies IG, Mirzaei M, Mazidi M, Khayyatzadeh SS. The association between dietary insulin index and load with mental health. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:218. [PMID: 36117205 PMCID: PMC9483254 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression, anxiety, and stress are common mental problems. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between two indexes that measure postprandial insulin response to different food, dietary insulin index (DII) and insulin load (DIL), with psychological disorders.
Method Participants (n = 10,000) aged 20–69 were randomly selected from 200 clusters in Yazd from the recruitment phase of the Yazd Health Study. The dietary intake of participants was collected by a reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) consisting of 178 food items. DII and DIL were calculated from the FFQ data using previously published reference values. To assess psychological disorders an Iranian validated short version of a self-reported questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 21 [DASS21]) was used. Results No significant association was observed between DIL and DII with odds of depression or anxiety using crude or adjusted models. However, individuals in the highest quartiles of DIL had the lowest odds of stress (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.48–1.01, P-trend = 0.047). This association remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders in model II including marital status, smoking, education, job status, salt intake, and multi-vitamin supplement use (OR: 0.38; 95% CI 0.16–0.91, P-trend = 0.039) and the third and final model which is further adjusted for BMI (OR: 0.39; 95% CI 0.16–0.91, P-trend = 0.041). Conclusion Overall, consumption of foods with higher DII as well as DIL were associated with lower stress scores; however, no significant relationship was observed between DII or DIL with respective depression or anxiety scores. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-022-00925-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Darand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Amirinejad
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam BLD. ALEM Square, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam BLD. ALEM Square, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ian G Davies
- Research Institute of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Masoud Mirzaei
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mazidi
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Old Road Campus, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Shohadaye Gomnam BLD. ALEM Square, Yazd, Iran. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Proteomic mapping and optogenetic manipulation of membrane contact sites. Biochem J 2022; 479:1857-1875. [PMID: 36111979 PMCID: PMC9555801 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) mediate crucial physiological processes in eukaryotic cells, including ion signaling, lipid metabolism, and autophagy. Dysregulation of MCSs is closely related to various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Visualization, proteomic mapping and manipulation of MCSs may help the dissection of the physiology and pathology MCSs. Recent technical advances have enabled better understanding of the dynamics and functions of MCSs. Here we present a summary of currently known functions of MCSs, with a focus on optical approaches to visualize and manipulate MCSs, as well as proteomic mapping within MCSs.
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Identifying Glucose Metabolism Status in Nondiabetic Japanese Adults Using Machine Learning Model with Simple Questionnaire. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1026121. [PMID: 36118835 PMCID: PMC9481387 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1026121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to identify the glucose metabolism statuses of nondiabetic Japanese adults using a machine learning model with a questionnaire. In this cross-sectional study, Japanese adults (aged 20–64 years) from Tokyo and surrounding areas were recruited. Participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle and physical characteristics. They were classified into four glycometabolic categories based on the OGTT results: category 1: best glucose metabolism, category 2: low insulin sensitivity, category 3: low insulin secretion, and category 4: combined characteristics of categories 2 and 3. A total of 977 individuals were included; the ratios of participants in categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 46%, 21%, 14%, and 19%, respectively. Machine learning models (decision tree, support vector machine, random forest, and XGBoost) were developed for identifying the glycometabolic category using questionnaire responses. Then, the top 10 most important variables in the random forest model were selected, and another random forest model was developed using these variables. Its areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) to classify category 1 and the others, category 2 and the others, category 3 and the others, and category 4 and the others were 0.68 (95% confidence intervals: 0.62–0.75), 0.66 (0.58–0.73), 0.61 (0.51–0.70), and 0.70 (0.62–0.77). For external validation of the model, the same dataset of 452 Japanese adults in Hokkaido was obtained. The AUCs to classify categories 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the others were 0.66 (0.61–0.71), 0.57 (0.51–0.62), 0.60 (0.50–0.69), and 0.64 (0.57–0.71). In conclusion, our model could identify the glucose metabolism status using only 10 factors of lifestyle and physical characteristics. This model may help the larger general population without diabetes to understand their glucose metabolism status and encourage lifestyle improvement to prevent diabetes.
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