251
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Rpd3/CoRest-mediated activity-dependent transcription regulates the flexibility in memory updating in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2021; 12:628. [PMID: 33504795 PMCID: PMC7840730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Consolidated memory can be preserved or updated depending on the environmental change. Although such conflicting regulation may happen during memory updating, the flexibility of memory updating may have already been determined in the initial memory consolidation process. Here, we explored the gating mechanism for activity-dependent transcription in memory consolidation, which is unexpectedly linked to the later memory updating in Drosophila. Through proteomic analysis, we discovered that the compositional change in the transcriptional repressor, which contains the histone deacetylase Rpd3 and CoRest, acts as the gating mechanism that opens and closes the time window for activity-dependent transcription. Opening the gate through the compositional change in Rpd3/CoRest is required for memory consolidation, but closing the gate through Rpd3/CoRest is significant to limit future memory updating. Our data indicate that the flexibility of memory updating is determined through the initial activity-dependent transcription, providing a mechanism involved in defining memory state.
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252
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Yoshino Y, Roy B, Kumar N, Shahid Mukhtar M, Dwivedi Y. Molecular pathology associated with altered synaptic transcriptome in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of depressed subjects. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:73. [PMID: 33483466 PMCID: PMC7822869 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted synaptic plasticity is the hallmark of major depressive disorder (MDD), with accompanying changes at the molecular and cellular levels. Often, the maladaptive molecular changes at the synapse are the result of global transcriptional reprogramming dictated by activity-dependent synaptic modulation. Thus far, no study has directly studied the transcriptome-wide expression changes locally at the synapse in MDD brain. Here, we have examined altered synaptic transcriptomics and their functional relevance in MDD with a focus on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). RNA was isolated from total fraction and purified synaptosomes of dlPFC from well-matched 15 non-psychiatric controls and 15 MDD subjects. Transcriptomic changes in synaptic and total fractions were detected by next-generation RNA-sequencing (NGS) and analyzed independently. The ratio of synaptic/total fraction was estimated to evaluate a shift in gene expression ratio in MDD subjects. Bioinformatics and network analyses were used to determine the biological relevance of transcriptomic changes in both total and synaptic fractions based on gene-gene network, gene ontology (GO), and pathway prediction algorithms. A total of 14,005 genes were detected in total fraction. A total of 104 genes were differentially regulated (73 upregulated and 31 downregulated) in MDD group based on 1.3-fold change threshold and p < 0.05 criteria. In synaptosomes, out of 13,236 detectable genes, 234 were upregulated and 60 were downregulated (>1.3-fold, p < 0.05). Several of these altered genes were validated independently by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). GO revealed an association with immune system processes and cell death. Moreover, a cluster of genes belonged to the nervous system development, and psychological disorders were discovered using gene-gene network analysis. The ratio of synaptic/total fraction showed a shift in expression of 119 genes in MDD subjects, which were primarily associated with neuroinflammation, interleukin signaling, and cell death. Our results suggest not only large-scale gene expression changes in synaptosomes, but also a shift in the expression of genes from total to synaptic fractions of dlPFC of MDD subjects with their potential role in immunomodulation and cell death. Our findings provide new insights into the understanding of transcriptomic regulation at the synapse and their possible role in MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Nilesh Kumar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - M Shahid Mukhtar
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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253
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Matsuno H, Tsuchimine S, Fukuzato N, O'Hashi K, Kunugi H, Sohya K. Sirtuin 6 is a regulator of dendrite morphogenesis in rat hippocampal neurons. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:104959. [PMID: 33444676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of the Sirtuin family, acts as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent protein deacetylase, mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyltransferase, and fatty acid deacylase, and plays critical roles in inflammation, aging, glycolysis, and DNA repair. Accumulating evidence has suggested that SIRT6 is involved in brain functions such as neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis, and learning and memory. However, the precise molecular roles of SIRT6 during neuronal circuit formation are not yet well understood. In this study, we tried to elucidate molecular roles of SIRT6 on neurite development by using primary-cultured hippocampal neurons. We observed that SIRT6 was abundantly localized in the nucleus, and its expression was markedly increased during neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis. By using shRNA-mediated SIRT6-knockdown, we show that both dendritic length and the number of dendrite branches were significantly reduced in the SIRT6-knockdown neurons. Microarray and subsequent gene ontology analysis revealed that reducing SIRT6 caused the downregulation of immediate early genes (IEGs) and alteration of several biological processes including MAPK (ERK1/2) signaling. We found that nuclear accumulation of phosphorylated ERK1/2 was significantly reduced in SIRT6-knockdown neurons. Overexpression of SIRT6 promoted dendritic length and branching, but the mutants lacking deacetylase activity had no significant effect on the dendritic morphology. Collectively, the presented findings reveal a role of SIRT6 in dendrite morphogenesis, and suggest that SIRT6 may act as an important regulator of ERK1/2 signaling pathway that mediates IEG expression, which leads to dendritic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Matsuno
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Shoko Tsuchimine
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Fukuzato
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazunori O'Hashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-8310, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1, Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sohya
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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254
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Zhang H, Wang H, Shen X, Jia X, Yu S, Qiu X, Wang Y, Du J, Yan J, He J. The landscape of regulatory genes in brain-wide neuronal phenotypes of a vertebrate brain. eLife 2021; 10:68224. [PMID: 34895465 PMCID: PMC8769648 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidimensional landscapes of regulatory genes in neuronal phenotypes at whole-brain levels in the vertebrate remain elusive. We generated single-cell transcriptomes of ~67,000 region- and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator-identifiable cells from larval zebrafish brains. Hierarchical clustering based on effector gene profiles ('terminal features') distinguished major brain cell types. Sister clusters at hierarchical termini displayed similar terminal features. It was further verified by a population-level statistical method. Intriguingly, glutamatergic/GABAergic sister clusters mostly expressed distinct transcription factor (TF) profiles ('convergent pattern'), whereas neuromodulator-type sister clusters predominantly expressed the same TF profiles ('matched pattern'). Interestingly, glutamatergic/GABAergic clusters with similar TF profiles could also display different terminal features ('divergent pattern'). It led us to identify a library of RNA-binding proteins that differentially marked divergent pair clusters, suggesting the post-transcriptional regulation of neuron diversification. Thus, our findings reveal multidimensional landscapes of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulators in whole-brain neuronal phenotypes in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Haifang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xinling Jia
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Shuguang Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoying Qiu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Yufan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jun Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie He
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina,Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyShanghaiChina
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255
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Ruiz-Ortiz J, Tollkuhn J. Specificity in sociogenomics: Identifying causal relationships between genes and behavior. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104882. [PMID: 33121994 PMCID: PMC7855425 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There has been rapid growth in the use of transcriptomic analyses to study the interplay between gene expression and behavior. Experience can modify gene expression in the brain, leading to changes in internal state and behavioral displays, while gene expression variation between species is thought to specify many innate behavior differences. However, providing a causal association between a gene and a given behavior remains challenging as it is difficult to determine when and where a gene contributes to the function of a behaviorally-relevant neuronal population. Moreover, given that there are fewer genetic tools available for non-traditional model organisms, transcriptomic approaches have been largely limited to profiling of bulk tissue, which can obscure the contributions of subcortical brain regions implicated in multiple behaviors. Here, we discuss how emerging single cell technologies combined with methods offering additional spatial and connectivity information can give us insight about the genetic profile of specific cells involved in the neural circuit of target social behaviors. We also emphasize how these techniques are broadly adaptable to non-traditional model organisms. We propose that, ultimately, a combination of these approaches applied throughout development will be key to discerning how genes shape the formation of social behavior circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenelys Ruiz-Ortiz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
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256
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Sweis BM, Mau W, Rabinowitz S, Cai DJ. Dynamic and heterogeneous neural ensembles contribute to a memory engram. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:199-206. [PMID: 33388602 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the century since the notion of the 'engram' was first introduced to describe the physical manifestation of memory, new technologies for identifying cellular activity have enabled us to deepen our understanding of the possible physical substrate of memory. A number of studies have shown that memories are stored in a sparse population of neurons known as a neural ensemble or engram cells. While earlier investigations highlighted that the stability of neural ensembles underlies a memory representation, recent studies have found that neural ensembles are more dynamic and fluid than previously understood. Additionally, a number of studies have begun to dissect the cellular and molecular diversity of functionally distinct subpopulations of cells contained within an engram. We propose that ensemble fluidity and compositional heterogeneity support memory flexibility and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Sweis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, 10029, United States; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Psychiatry, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - William Mau
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Sima Rabinowitz
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Denise J Cai
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Neuroscience, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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257
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Mau W, Hasselmo ME, Cai DJ. The brain in motion: How ensemble fluidity drives memory-updating and flexibility. eLife 2020; 9:e63550. [PMID: 33372892 PMCID: PMC7771967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While memories are often thought of as flashbacks to a previous experience, they do not simply conserve veridical representations of the past but must continually integrate new information to ensure survival in dynamic environments. Therefore, 'drift' in neural firing patterns, typically construed as disruptive 'instability' or an undesirable consequence of noise, may actually be useful for updating memories. In our view, continual modifications in memory representations reconcile classical theories of stable memory traces with neural drift. Here we review how memory representations are updated through dynamic recruitment of neuronal ensembles on the basis of excitability and functional connectivity at the time of learning. Overall, we emphasize the importance of considering memories not as static entities, but instead as flexible network states that reactivate and evolve across time and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Mau
- Neuroscience Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Denise J Cai
- Neuroscience Department, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkUnited States
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258
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Payne SC, Wiedmann NM, Eiber CD, Wong AW, Senn P, Osborne PB, Keast JR, Fallon JB. Recording of Electrically Evoked Neural Activity and Bladder Pressure Responses in Awake Rats Chronically Implanted With a Pelvic Nerve Array. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:619275. [PMID: 33390899 PMCID: PMC7773906 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.619275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronic medical devices are well established and widely used in the treatment of urological dysfunction. Approved targets include the sacral S3 spinal root and posterior tibial nerve, but an alternate target is the group of pelvic splanchnic nerves, as these contain sacral visceral sensory and autonomic motor pathways that coordinate storage and voiding functions of the bladder. Here, we developed a device suitable for long-term use in an awake rat model to study electrical neuromodulation of the pelvic nerve (homolog of the human pelvic splanchnic nerves). In male Sprague-Dawley rats, custom planar four-electrode arrays were implanted over the distal end of the pelvic nerve, close to the major pelvic ganglion. Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) were reliably detected under anesthesia and in chronically implanted, awake rats up to 8 weeks post-surgery. ECAP waveforms showed three peaks, with latencies that suggested electrical stimulation activated several subpopulations of myelinated A-fiber and unmyelinated C-fiber axons. Chronic implantation of the array did not impact on voiding evoked in awake rats by continuous cystometry, where void parameters were comparable to those published in naïve rats. Electrical stimulation with chronically implanted arrays also induced two classes of bladder pressure responses detected by continuous flow cystometry in awake rats: voiding contractions and non-voiding contractions. No evidence of tissue pathology produced by chronically implanted arrays was detected by immunohistochemical visualization of markers for neuronal injury or noxious spinal cord activation. These results demonstrate a rat pelvic nerve electrode array that can be used for preclinical development of closed loop neuromodulation devices targeting the pelvic nerve as a therapy for neuro-urological dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie C Payne
- Bionics Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole M Wiedmann
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Calvin D Eiber
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Agnes W Wong
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philipp Senn
- Bionics Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peregrine B Osborne
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Janet R Keast
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James B Fallon
- Bionics Institute, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.,Medical Bionics Department, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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259
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Aponte-Santiago NA, Littleton JT. Synaptic Properties and Plasticity Mechanisms of Invertebrate Tonic and Phasic Neurons. Front Physiol 2020; 11:611982. [PMID: 33391026 PMCID: PMC7772194 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining neuronal cell types and their associated biophysical and synaptic diversity has become an important goal in neuroscience as a mechanism to create comprehensive brain cell atlases in the post-genomic age. Beyond broad classification such as neurotransmitter expression, interneuron vs. pyramidal, sensory or motor, the field is still in the early stages of understanding closely related cell types. In both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, one well-described distinction related to firing characteristics and synaptic release properties are tonic and phasic neuronal subtypes. In vertebrates, these classes were defined based on sustained firing responses during stimulation (tonic) vs. transient responses that rapidly adapt (phasic). In crustaceans, the distinction expanded to include synaptic release properties, with tonic motoneurons displaying sustained firing and weaker synapses that undergo short-term facilitation to maintain muscle contraction and posture. In contrast, phasic motoneurons with stronger synapses showed rapid depression and were recruited for short bursts during fast locomotion. Tonic and phasic motoneurons with similarities to those in crustaceans have been characterized in Drosophila, allowing the genetic toolkit associated with this model to be used for dissecting the unique properties and plasticity mechanisms for these neuronal subtypes. This review outlines general properties of invertebrate tonic and phasic motoneurons and highlights recent advances that characterize distinct synaptic and plasticity pathways associated with two closely related glutamatergic neuronal cell types that drive invertebrate locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole A. Aponte-Santiago
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - J. Troy Littleton
- The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology and Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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260
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Spiegel I. Experience-regulated molecular mechanisms in cortical GABAergic interneurons: from cellular functions to control over circuit plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 67:145-154. [PMID: 33316573 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Experience-induced changes in GABAergic interneurons (INs) are thought to control the plasticity of neural circuits in the developing and adult cortex. However, it remains poorly understood how experience and the ensuing neuronal activity alter the properties and connectivity of specific IN subtypes and how these cellular changes, in turn, control the plasticity of cortical circuits. Here, I discuss recent experimental and theoretical studies that point to specific experience-induced changes in select IN subtypes as central regulators of plasticity in the cortex. In particular, I focus on the recent identification of several experience-regulated secreted molecules that modulate specific sets of synapses in IN subtypes. I argue that elucidating these molecular mechanisms will allow us to test experimentally the predictions made by theoretical models about the plasticity functions of specific IN subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Spiegel
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel.
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261
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Yap EL, Pettit NL, Davis CP, Nagy MA, Harmin DA, Golden E, Dagliyan O, Lin C, Rudolph S, Sharma N, Griffith EC, Harvey CD, Greenberg ME. Bidirectional perisomatic inhibitory plasticity of a Fos neuronal network. Nature 2020; 590:115-121. [PMID: 33299180 PMCID: PMC7864877 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-3031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral experiences activate the Fos transcription factor (TF) in sparse populations of neurons that are critical for encoding and recalling specific events1–3. However, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms by which experience drives circuit reorganization to establish a network of Fos-activated cells. It is also unknown if Fos is required in this process beyond serving as a marker of recent neural activity and, if so, which of its many gene targets underlie circuit reorganization. Here we demonstrate that when mice engage in spatial exploration of novel environments, perisomatic inhibition of Fos-expressing hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons by parvalbumin (PV)-interneurons (INs) is enhanced, while perisomatic inhibition by cholecystokinin (CCK)-INs is weakened. This bidirectional modulation of inhibition is abolished when the function of the Fos TF complex is disrupted. Single-cell RNA-sequencing, ribosome-associated mRNA profiling, and chromatin analyses, combined with electrophysiology, reveal that Fos activates the transcription of Scg2 (secretogranin II), a gene that encodes multiple distinct neuropeptides, to coordinate these changes in inhibition. As PV- and CCK-INs mediate distinct features of pyramidal cell activity4–6, the Scg2-dependent reorganization of inhibitory synaptic input might be predicted to affect network function in vivo. Consistent with this prediction, hippocampal gamma rhythms and pyramidal cell coupling to CA1 theta are significantly altered with loss of Scg2. These findings reveal an instructive role for Fos and Scg2 in establishing a network of Fos-activated neurons via the rewiring of local inhibition to form a selectively modulated state. The opposing plasticity mechanisms on distinct inhibitory pathways may support the consolidation of memories over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Lynn Yap
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noah L Pettit
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - M Aurel Nagy
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Harmin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Golden
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Onur Dagliyan
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cindy Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Sharma
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric C Griffith
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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262
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Anneser L, Alcantara IC, Gemmer A, Mirkes K, Ryu S, Schuman EM. The neuropeptide Pth2 dynamically senses others via mechanosensation. Nature 2020; 588:653-657. [PMID: 33268890 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Species that depend on membership in social groups for survival exhibit changes in neuronal gene expression and behaviour when they face restricted social interactions or isolation1-3. Here we show that, across the lifespan of zebrafish (Danio rerio), social isolation specifically decreased the level of transcription of pth2, the gene that encodes the vertebrate-specific neuropeptide Pth2. However, 30 minutes of exposure to conspecifics was sufficient to initiate a significant rescue of pth2 transcript levels in previously isolated zebrafish. Transcription of pth2 exhibited bidirectional dynamics; following the acute isolation of socially reared fish, a rapid reduction in the levels of pth2 was observed. The expression of pth2 tracked not only the presence of other fish but also the density of the group. The sensory modality that controls the expression of pth2 was neither visual nor chemosensory in origin but instead was mechanical, induced by the movements of neighbouring fish. Chemical ablation of the mechanosensitive neuromast cells within the lateral line of fish prevented the rescue of pth2 levels that was induced by the social environment. In addition, mechanical perturbation of the water at frequencies similar to the movements of the zebrafish tail was sufficient to rescue the levels of pth2 in previously isolated fish. These data indicate a previously underappreciated role for the relatively unexplored neuropeptide Pth2 in both tracking and responding to the population density of the social environment of an animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anneser
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan C Alcantara
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Anja Gemmer
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Soojin Ryu
- Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.,Living Systems Institute, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
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263
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Kasamatsu T, Imamura K. Ocular dominance plasticity: Molecular mechanisms revisited. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:3039-3074. [PMID: 32737874 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) is a type of cortical plasticity operating in visual cortex of mammals that are endowed with binocular vision based on the competition-driven disparity. Earlier, a molecular mechanism was proposed that catecholamines play an important role in the maintenance of ODP in kittens. Having survived the initial test, the hypothesis was further advanced to identify noradrenaline (NA) as a key factor that regulates ODP in the immature cortex. Later, the ODP-promoting effect of NA is extended to the adult with age-related limitations. Following the enhanced NA availability, the chain events downstream lead to the β-adrenoreceptor-induced cAMP accumulation, which in turn activates the protein kinase A. Eventually, the protein kinase translocates to the cell nucleus to activate cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). CREB is a cellular transcription factor that controls the transcription of various genes, underpinning neuronal plasticity and long-term memory. In the advent of molecular genetics in that various types of new tools have become available with relative ease, ODP research has lightly adopted in the rodent model the original concepts and methodologies. Here, after briefly tracing the strategic maturation of our quest, the review moves to the later development of the field, with the emphasis placed around the following issues: (a) Are we testing ODP per se? (b) What does monocular deprivation deprive of the immature cortex? (c) The critical importance of binocular competition, (d) What is the adult plasticity? (e) Excitation-Inhibition balance in local circuits, and (f) Species differences in the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kasamatsu
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Imamura
- Department of Systems Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
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264
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Petitpré C, Bourien J, Wu H, Diuba A, Puel JL, Lallemend F. Genetic and functional diversity of primary auditory afferents. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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265
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Fischer E, Morin X. Fate restrictions in embryonic neural progenitors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 66:178-185. [PMID: 33259983 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) is a fantastically complex organ composed of dozens of cell types within the neural and glial lineages. Its organization is laid down during development, through the localized and sequential production of subsets of neurons with specific identities. The principles and mechanisms that underlie the timely production of adequate classes of cells are only partially understood. Recent advances in molecular profiling describe the developmental trajectories leading to this amazing cellular diversity and provide us with cell atlases of an unprecedented level of precision. Yet, some long-standing questions pertaining to lineage relationships between neural progenitor cells and their differentiated progeny remain unanswered. Here, we discuss questions related to proliferation potential, timing of fate choices and restriction of neuronal output potential of individual CNS progenitors through the lens of lineage relationship. Unlocking methodological barriers will be essential to accurately describe CNS development at a cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Fischer
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Xavier Morin
- Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France.
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266
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Li Q, Marcu DC, Palazzo O, Turner F, King D, Spires-Jones TL, Stefan MI, Busch KE. High neural activity accelerates the decline of cognitive plasticity with age in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2020; 9:59711. [PMID: 33228848 PMCID: PMC7685709 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn progressively declines with age. Neural hyperactivity has been implicated in impairing cognitive plasticity with age, but the molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that chronic excitation of the Caenorhabditis elegans O2-sensing neurons during ageing causes a rapid decline of experience-dependent plasticity in response to environmental O2 concentration, whereas sustaining lower activity of O2-sensing neurons retains plasticity with age. We demonstrate that neural activity alters the ageing trajectory in the transcriptome of O2-sensing neurons, and our data suggest that high-activity neurons redirect resources from maintaining plasticity to sustaining continuous firing. Sustaining plasticity with age requires the K+-dependent Na+/Ca2+ (NCKX) exchanger, whereas the decline of plasticity with age in high-activity neurons acts through calmodulin and the scaffold protein Kidins220. Our findings demonstrate directly that the activity of neurons alters neuronal homeostasis to govern the age-related decline of neural plasticity and throw light on the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaochu Li
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel-Cosmin Marcu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ottavia Palazzo
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Turner
- Edinburgh Genomics (Genome Science), Ashworth Laboratories, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Declan King
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,United Kingdom Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie I Stefan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,ZJU-UoE Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Karl Emanuel Busch
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School: Biomedical Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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267
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Brito DVC, Gulmez Karaca K, Kupke J, Frank L, Oliveira AMM. MeCP2 gates spatial learning-induced alternative splicing events in the mouse hippocampus. Mol Brain 2020; 13:156. [PMID: 33203444 PMCID: PMC7672966 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory formation is supported by functional and structural changes of neuronal networks, which rely on de novo gene transcription and protein synthesis. The modulation of the neuronal transcriptome in response to learning depends on transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. DNA methylation writers and readers regulate the activity-dependent genomic program required for memory consolidation. The most abundant DNA methylation reader, the Methyl CpG binding domain protein 2 (MeCP2), has been shown to regulate alternative splicing, but whether it establishes splicing events important for memory consolidation has not been investigated. In this study, we identified the alternative splicing profile of the mouse hippocampus in basal conditions and after a spatial learning experience, and investigated the requirement of MeCP2 for these processes. We observed that spatial learning triggers a wide-range of alternative splicing events in transcripts associated with structural and functional remodeling and that virus-mediated knockdown of MeCP2 impairs learning-dependent post-transcriptional responses of mature hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, we found that MeCP2 preferentially affected the splicing modalities intron retention and exon skipping and guided the alternative splicing of distinct set of genes in baseline conditions and after learning. Lastly, comparative analysis of the MeCP2-regulated transcriptome with the alternatively spliced mRNA pool, revealed that MeCP2 disruption alters the relative abundance of alternatively spliced isoforms without affecting the overall mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings reveal that adult hippocampal MeCP2 is required to finetune alternative splicing events in basal conditions, as well as in response to spatial learning. This study provides new insight into how MeCP2 regulates brain function, particularly cognitive abilities, and sheds light onto the pathophysiological mechanisms of Rett syndrome, that is characterized by intellectual disability and caused by mutations in the Mecp2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V C Brito
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kubra Gulmez Karaca
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janina Kupke
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Frank
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant (Heidelberg University), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana M M Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Centre for Neurosciences (IZN), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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268
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Cheng Y, Saville L, Gollen B, Isaac C, Belay A, Mehla J, Patel K, Thakor N, Mohajerani MH, Zovoilis A. Increased processing of SINE B2 ncRNAs unveils a novel type of transcriptome deregulation in amyloid beta neuropathology. eLife 2020; 9:61265. [PMID: 33191914 PMCID: PMC7717908 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional importance of many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated by repetitive elements and their connection with pathologic processes remains elusive. B2 RNAs, a class of ncRNAs of the B2 family of SINE repeats, mediate through their processing the transcriptional activation of various genes in response to stress. Here, we show that this response is dysfunctional during amyloid beta toxicity and pathology in the mouse hippocampus due to increased levels of B2 RNA processing, leading to constitutively elevated B2 RNA target gene expression and high Trp53 levels. Evidence indicates that Hsf1, a master regulator of stress response, mediates B2 RNA processing in hippocampal cells and is activated during amyloid toxicity, accelerating the processing of SINE RNAs and gene hyper-activation. Our study reveals that in mouse, SINE RNAs constitute a novel pathway deregulated in amyloid beta pathology, with potential implications for similar cases in the human brain, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Luke Saville
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Babita Gollen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Christopher Isaac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Abel Belay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Jogender Mehla
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Kush Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Nehal Thakor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Athanasios Zovoilis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Southern Alberta Genome Sciences Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada.,Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
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269
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Denkena J, Zaisser A, Merz B, Klinger B, Kuhl D, Blüthgen N, Hermey G. Neuronal activity regulates alternative exon usage. Mol Brain 2020; 13:148. [PMID: 33172478 PMCID: PMC7656758 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal activity-regulated gene transcription underlies plasticity-dependent changes in the molecular composition and structure of neurons. A large number of genes regulated by different neuronal plasticity inducing pathways have been identified, but altered gene expression levels represent only part of the complexity of the activity-regulated transcriptional program. Alternative splicing, the differential inclusion and exclusion of exonic sequence in mRNA, is an additional mechanism that is thought to define the activity-dependent transcriptome. Here, we present a genome wide microarray-based survey to identify exons with increased expression levels at 1, 4 or 8 h following neuronal activity in the murine hippocampus provoked by generalized seizures. We used two different bioinformatics approaches to identify alternative activity-induced exon usage and to predict alternative splicing, ANOSVA (ANalysis Of Splicing VAriation) which we here adjusted to accommodate data from different time points and FIRMA (Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis). RNA sequencing, in situ hybridization and reverse transcription PCR validate selected activity-dependent splicing events of previously described and so far undescribed activity-regulated transcripts, including Homer1a, Homer1d, Ania3, Errfi1, Inhba, Dclk1, Rcan1, Cda, Tpm1 and Krt75. Taken together, our survey significantly adds to the comprehensive understanding of the complex activity-dependent neuronal transcriptomic signature. In addition, we provide data sets that will serve as rich resources for future comparative expression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Denkena
- Institute for Theoretical Biology and Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Zaisser
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Merz
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Klinger
- Institute for Theoretical Biology and Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute for Theoretical Biology and Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 10117, Germany.,Integrative Research Institute Life Sciences, Humboldt Universität Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Hermey
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany.
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270
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Molecular, physiological and behavioral characterization of the heterozygous Df[h15q13]/+ mouse model associated with the human 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Brain Res 2020; 1746:147024. [PMID: 32712126 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome (DS) is caused by a heterozygous microdeletion (MD) affecting six genes: FAN1; MTMR10; TRPM1; KLF13; OTUD7A; and CHRNA7. Carriers are at risk for intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia. Here we used the Df[h15q13]/+ mouse model with an orthologous deletion to further characterize molecular, neurophysiological, and behavioral parameters that are relevant to the 15q13.3 DS. First, we verified the expression and distribution of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), a gene product of the CHRNA7, in cortical and subcortical areas. Results revealed similar mRNA distribution pattern in wildtype (WT) and heterozygous (Het) mice, with about half the number of α7 nAChR binding sites in mutants. Hippocampal recordings showed similar input/output responses of field excitatory post-synaptic potentials and theta-burst induced long-term potentiation in WT and Het mice. Het males exhibited impaired spatial learning acquisition in the Barnes Maze. Indicative of increased seizure susceptibility, Het mice developed secondary seizures after 6-Hz corneal stimulation, and had significantly increased sensitivity to the chemoconvulsant pentylenetetrazol resulting in increased spiking in hippocampal EEG recordings. Basal mRNA expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and activity regulated immediate early genes (c-fos, Arc, Erg-1 and Npas4) during adolescence, a critical period of brain maturation, was unaffected by genotype. Thus, the MD did not show gross neuroanatomical, molecular, and neurophysiological abnormalities despite deficits in spatial learning and increased susceptibility to seizures. Altogether, our results verify the phenotypic profile of the heterozygous Df[h15q13]/+ mouse model and underscore its translational relevance for human 15q13.3 DS.
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271
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Clemens AW, Gabel HW. Emerging Insights into the Distinctive Neuronal Methylome. Trends Genet 2020; 36:816-832. [PMID: 32839016 PMCID: PMC7572801 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The genomes of mammalian neurons are enriched for unique forms of DNA methylation, including exceptionally high levels of non-CG methylation. Here, we review recent studies defining how non-CG methylation accumulates in neurons and is read out by the critical regulator of neuronal transcription, MeCP2. We discuss the role of gene expression and genome architecture in establishing non-CG methylation and highlight emerging mechanistic insights into how non-CG methylation and MeCP2 control transcription. Further, we describe the cell type-specific functions of this methylation and explore growing evidence that disruption of this regulatory pathway contributes to neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings uncover how the distinctive epigenome in neurons facilitates the development and function of the complex mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Clemens
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.
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272
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Akamine S, Okuzono S, Yamamoto H, Setoyama D, Sagata N, Ohgidani M, Kato TA, Ishitani T, Kato H, Masuda K, Matsushita Y, Ono H, Ishizaki Y, Sanefuji M, Saitsu H, Matsumoto N, Kang D, Kanba S, Nakabeppu Y, Sakai Y, Ohga S. GNAO1 organizes the cytoskeletal remodeling and firing of developing neurons. FASEB J 2020; 34:16601-16621. [PMID: 33107105 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001113r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) represents a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by infantile-onset intractable seizures and unfavorable prognosis of psychomotor development. To date, hundreds of genes have been linked to the onset of DEE. GNAO1 is a DEE-associated gene encoding the alpha-O1 subunit of guanine nucleotide-binding protein (GαO ). Despite the increasing number of reported children with GNAO1 encephalopathy, the molecular mechanisms underlying their neurodevelopmental phenotypes remain elusive. We herein present that co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses identified another DEE-associated protein, SPTAN1, as an interacting partner of GαO . Silencing of endogenous Gnao1 attenuated the neurite outgrowth and calcium-dependent signaling. Inactivation of GNAO1 in human-induced pluripotent stem cells gave rise to anomalous brain organoids that only weakly expressed SPTAN1 and Ankyrin-G. Furthermore, GNAO1-deficient organoids failed to conduct synchronized firing to adjacent neurons. These data indicate that GαO and other DEE-associated proteins organize the cytoskeletal remodeling and functional polarity of neurons in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daiki Setoyama
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Division of Integrated Signaling Systems, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan.,Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology. Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Division of Oral Biological Sciences, Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ishizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Sanefuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Dongchon Kang
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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273
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Alcalà-Vida R, Awada A, Boutillier AL, Merienne K. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying enhancer modulation of neuronal identity, neuronal activity and neurodegeneration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105155. [PMID: 33127472 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), are progressive conditions characterized by selective, disease-dependent loss of neuronal regions and/or subpopulations. Neuronal loss is preceded by a long period of neuronal dysfunction, during which glial cells also undergo major changes, including neuroinflammatory response. Those dramatic changes affecting both neuronal and glial cells associate with epigenetic and transcriptional dysregulations, characterized by defined cell-type-specific signatures. Notably, increasing studies support the view that altered regulation of transcriptional enhancers, which are distal regulatory regions of the genome capable of modulating the activity of promoters through chromatin looping, play a critical role in transcriptional dysregulation in HD and AD. We review current knowledge on enhancers in HD and AD, and highlight challenging issues to better decipher the epigenetic code of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Alcalà-Vida
- LNCA, University of Strasbourg, France; CNRS UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali Awada
- LNCA, University of Strasbourg, France; CNRS UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Karine Merienne
- LNCA, University of Strasbourg, France; CNRS UMR 7364, Strasbourg, France.
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274
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Sun H, Zheng J, Yi M, Wan Y. Conditional Genome Editing in the Mammalian Brain Using CRISPR-Cas9. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:423-426. [PMID: 33099727 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Sun
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China. .,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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275
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Arzate-Mejía RG, Lottenbach Z, Schindler V, Jawaid A, Mansuy IM. Long-Term Impact of Social Isolation and Molecular Underpinnings. Front Genet 2020; 11:589621. [PMID: 33193727 PMCID: PMC7649797 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.589621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged periods of social isolation can have detrimental effects on the physiology and behavior of exposed individuals in humans and animal models. This involves complex molecular mechanisms across tissues in the body which remain partly identified. This review discusses the biology of social isolation and describes the acute and lasting effects of prolonged periods of social isolation with a focus on the molecular events leading to behavioral alterations. We highlight the role of epigenetic mechanisms and non-coding RNA in the control of gene expression as a response to social isolation, and the consequences for behavior. Considering the use of strict quarantine during epidemics, like currently with COVID-19, we provide a cautionary tale on the indiscriminate implementation of such form of social isolation and its potential damaging and lasting effects in mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Arzate-Mejía
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich and Department of Health Science and Technology of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ali Jawaid
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich and Department of Health Science and Technology of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Medical Faculty of the University of Zurich and Department of Health Science and Technology of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Neuroscience Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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276
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Gobbo F, Cattaneo A. Neuronal Activity at Synapse Resolution: Reporters and Effectors for Synaptic Neuroscience. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:572312. [PMID: 33192296 PMCID: PMC7609880 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.572312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of methods for the activity-dependent tagging of neurons enabled a new way to tackle the problem of engram identification at the cellular level, giving rise to groundbreaking findings in the field of memory studies. However, the resolution of activity-dependent tagging remains limited to the whole-cell level. Notably, events taking place at the synapse level play a critical role in the establishment of new memories, and strong experimental evidence shows that learning and synaptic plasticity are tightly linked. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the currently available techniques that enable to identify and track the neuronal activity with synaptic spatial resolution. We also present recent technologies that allow to selectively interfere with specific subsets of synapses. Lastly, we discuss how these technologies can be applied to the study of learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Gobbo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Antonino Cattaneo
- Bio@SNS Laboratory of Biology, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
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277
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Thomson AC, Kenis G, Tielens S, de Graaf TA, Schuhmann T, Rutten BP, Sack AT. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation-Induced Plasticity Mechanisms: TMS-Related Gene Expression and Morphology Changes in a Human Neuron-Like Cell Model. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:528396. [PMID: 33192288 PMCID: PMC7604533 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.528396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, used to alter cortical excitability both in research and clinical applications. The intermittent and continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS and cTBS) protocols have been shown to induce opposite after-effects on human cortex excitability. Animal studies have implicated synaptic plasticity mechanisms long-term potentiation (LTP, for iTBS) and depression (LTD, for cTBS). However, the neural basis of TMS effects has not yet been studied in human neuronal cells, in particular at the level of gene expression and synaptogenesis. To investigate responses to TBS in living human neurons, we differentiated human SH-SY5Y cells toward a mature neural phenotype, and stimulated them with iTBS, cTBS, or sham (placebo) TBS. Changes in (a) mRNA expression of a set of target genes (previously associated with synaptic plasticity), and (b) morphological parameters of neurite outgrowth following TBS were quantified. We found no general effects of stimulation condition or time on gene expression, though we did observe a significantly enhanced expression of plasticity genes NTRK2 and MAPK9 24 h after iTBS as compared to sham TBS. This specific effect provides unique support for the widely assumed plasticity mechanisms underlying iTBS effects on human cortex excitability. In addition to this protocol-specific increase in plasticity gene expression 24 h after iTBS stimulation, we establish the feasibility of stimulating living human neuron with TBS, and the importance of moving to more complex human in vitro models to understand the underlying plasticity mechanisms of TBS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alix C. Thomson
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gunter Kenis
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Tielens
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom A. de Graaf
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Teresa Schuhmann
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart P.F. Rutten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alexander T. Sack
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre (MBIC), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Center for Integrative Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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278
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Kim JW, Yin X, Jhaldiyal A, Khan MR, Martin I, Xie Z, Perez-Rosello T, Kumar M, Abalde-Atristain L, Xu J, Chen L, Eacker SM, Surmeier DJ, Ingolia NT, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Defects in mRNA Translation in LRRK2-Mutant hiPSC-Derived Dopaminergic Neurons Lead to Dysregulated Calcium Homeostasis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:633-645.e7. [PMID: 32846140 PMCID: PMC7542555 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The G2019S mutation in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a common cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). This mutation results in dopaminergic neurodegeneration via dysregulated protein translation, although how alterations in protein synthesis contribute to neurodegeneration in human neurons is not known. Here we define the translational landscape in LRRK2-mutant dopaminergic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) via ribosome profiling. We found that mRNAs that have complex secondary structure in the 5' untranslated region (UTR) are translated more efficiently in G2019S LRRK2 neurons. This leads to the enhanced translation of multiple genes involved in Ca2+ regulation and to increased Ca2+ influx and elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels, a major contributor to PD pathogenesis. This study reveals a link between dysregulated translation control and Ca2+ homeostasis in G2019S LRRK2 human dopamine neurons, which potentially contributes to the progressive and selective dopaminergic neurotoxicity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Wren Kim
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Xiling Yin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aanishaa Jhaldiyal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mohammed Repon Khan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ian Martin
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhong Xie
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tamara Perez-Rosello
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leire Abalde-Atristain
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jinchong Xu
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen M Eacker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA.
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA; Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130, USA.
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279
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Bae B, Gruner HN, Lynch M, Feng T, So K, Oliver D, Mastick GS, Yan W, Pieraut S, Miura P. Elimination of Calm1 long 3'-UTR mRNA isoform by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing impairs dorsal root ganglion development and hippocampal neuron activation in mice. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:1414-1430. [PMID: 32522888 PMCID: PMC7491327 DOI: 10.1261/rna.076430.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The majority of mouse and human genes are subject to alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA), which most often leads to the expression of two or more alternative length 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) mRNA isoforms. In neural tissues, there is enhanced expression of APA isoforms with longer 3'-UTRs on a global scale, but the physiological relevance of these alternative 3'-UTR isoforms is poorly understood. Calmodulin 1 (Calm1) is a key integrator of calcium signaling that generates short (Calm1-S) and long (Calm1-L) 3'-UTR mRNA isoforms via APA. We found Calm1-L expression to be largely restricted to neural tissues in mice including the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and hippocampus, whereas Calm1-S was more broadly expressed. smFISH revealed that both Calm1-S and Calm1-L were subcellularly localized to neural processes of primary hippocampal neurons. In contrast, cultured DRG showed restriction of Calm1-L to soma. To investigate the in vivo functions of Calm1-L, we implemented a CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing strategy to delete a small region encompassing the Calm1 distal poly(A) site. This eliminated Calm1-L expression while maintaining expression of Calm1-S Mice lacking Calm1-L (Calm1ΔL/ΔL ) exhibited disorganized DRG migration in embryos, and reduced experience-induced neuronal activation in the adult hippocampus. These data indicate that Calm1-L plays functional roles in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongmin Bae
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Hannah N Gruner
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Maebh Lynch
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Ting Feng
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Kevin So
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Daniel Oliver
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Grant S Mastick
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Simon Pieraut
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Pedro Miura
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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280
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De León Reyes NS, Bragg-Gonzalo L, Nieto M. Development and plasticity of the corpus callosum. Development 2020; 147:147/18/dev189738. [PMID: 32988974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.189738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The corpus callosum (CC) connects the cerebral hemispheres and is the major mammalian commissural tract. It facilitates bilateral sensory integration and higher cognitive functions, and is often affected in neurodevelopmental diseases. Here, we review the mechanisms that contribute to the development of CC circuits in animal models and humans. These species comparisons reveal several commonalities. First, there is an early period of massive axonal projection. Second, there is a postnatal temporal window, varying between species, in which early callosal projections are selectively refined. Third, sensory-derived activity influences axonal refinement. We also discuss how defects in CC formation can lead to mild or severe CC congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia S De León Reyes
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Bragg-Gonzalo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Nieto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (CNB-CSIC) Campus de Cantoblanco, Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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281
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Smith M. MRNA Transcription, Translation, and Defects in Developmental Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:577710. [PMID: 33102526 PMCID: PMC7545264 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.577710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of expertise in molecular techniques, their application to clinical evaluations, and the establishment of databases with molecular genetic information has led to greater insights into the roles of molecular processes related to gene expression in neurodevelopment and functioning. The goal of this review is to examine new insights into messenger RNA transcription, translation, and cellular protein synthesis and the relevance of genetically determined alterations in these processes in neurodevelopmental, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.
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282
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Sinha S, Jones BM, Traniello IM, Bukhari SA, Halfon MS, Hofmann HA, Huang S, Katz PS, Keagy J, Lynch VJ, Sokolowski MB, Stubbs LJ, Tabe-Bordbar S, Wolfner MF, Robinson GE. Behavior-related gene regulatory networks: A new level of organization in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23270-23279. [PMID: 32661177 PMCID: PMC7519311 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1921625117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal networks are the standard heuristic model today for describing brain activity associated with animal behavior. Recent studies have revealed an extensive role for a completely distinct layer of networked activities in the brain-the gene regulatory network (GRN)-that orchestrates expression levels of hundreds to thousands of genes in a behavior-related manner. We examine emerging insights into the relationships between these two types of networks and discuss their interplay in spatial as well as temporal dimensions, across multiple scales of organization. We discuss properties expected of behavior-related GRNs by drawing inspiration from the rich literature on GRNs related to animal development, comparing and contrasting these two broad classes of GRNs as they relate to their respective phenotypic manifestations. Developmental GRNs also represent a third layer of network biology, playing out over a third timescale, which is believed to play a crucial mediatory role between neuronal networks and behavioral GRNs. We end with a special emphasis on social behavior, discuss whether unique GRN organization and cis-regulatory architecture underlies this special class of behavior, and review literature that suggests an affirmative answer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801;
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Beryl M Jones
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Ian M Traniello
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Syed A Bukhari
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Informatics Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61820
| | - Marc S Halfon
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14203
| | - Hans A Hofmann
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Paul S Katz
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Jason Keagy
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260
| | - Marla B Sokolowski
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
- Program in Child and Brain Development, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Lisa J Stubbs
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Shayan Tabe-Bordbar
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850
| | - Gene E Robinson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801;
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801
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283
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Majidi SP, Reddy NC, Moore MJ, Chen H, Yamada T, Andzelm MM, Cherry TJ, Hu LS, Greenberg ME, Bonni A. Chromatin Environment and Cellular Context Specify Compensatory Activity of Paralogous MEF2 Transcription Factors. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2001-2015.e5. [PMID: 31722213 PMCID: PMC6874310 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Compensation among paralogous transcription factors (TFs) confers genetic robustness of cellular processes, but how TFs dynamically respond to paralog depletion on a genome-wide scale in vivo remains incompletely understood. Using single and double conditional knockout of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) family TFs in granule neurons of the mouse cerebellum, we find that MEF2A and MEF2D play functionally redundant roles in cerebellar-dependent motor learning. Although both TFs are highly expressed in granule neurons, transcriptomic analyses show MEF2D is the predominant genomic regulator of gene expression in vivo. Strikingly, genome-wide occupancy analyses reveal upon depletion of MEF2D, MEF2A occupancy robustly increases at a subset of sites normally bound to MEF2D. Importantly, sites experiencing compensatory MEF2A occupancy are concentrated within open chromatin and undergo functional compensation for genomic activation and gene expression. Finally, motor activity induces a switch from non-compensatory to compensatory MEF2-dependent gene regulation. These studies uncover genome-wide functional interdependency between paralogous TFs in the brain. Majidi et al. study how transcription factors respond to paralog depletion by conditionally depleting MEF2A and MEF2D in mouse cerebellum. Depletion of MEF2D induces functionally compensatory genomic occupancy by MEF2A. Compensation occurs within accessible chromatin in a context-dependent manner. This study explores the interdependency between paralogous transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriyar P Majidi
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; MD-PhD Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Naveen C Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Moore
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tomoko Yamada
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Milena M Andzelm
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Timothy J Cherry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 9(th) Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Linda S Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Azad Bonni
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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284
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The Rab5-Rab11 Endosomal Pathway is Required for BDNF-Induced CREB Transcriptional Regulation in Hippocampal Neurons. J Neurosci 2020; 40:8042-8054. [PMID: 32928890 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2063-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of the morphology and connectivity of central neurons. We have previously shown that BDNF/TrkB signaling regulates the activity and mobility of the GTPases Rab5 and Rab11, which in turn determine the postendocytic sorting of signaling TrkB receptors. Moreover, decreased Rab5 or Rab11 activity inhibits BDNF-induced dendritic branching. Whether Rab5 or Rab11 activity is important for local events only or for regulating nuclear signaling and gene expression is unknown. Here, we investigated, in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures derived from embryos of unknown sex, whether BDNF-induced signaling cascades are altered when early and recycling endosomes are disrupted by the expression of dominant-negative mutants of Rab5 and Rab11. The activity of both Rab5 and Rab11 was required for sustained activity of Erk1/2 and nuclear CREB phosphorylation, and increased transcription of a BDNF-dependent program of gene expression containing CRE binding sites, which includes activity-regulated genes such as Arc, Dusp1, c-fos, Egr1, and Egr2, and growth and survival genes such as Atf3 and Gem Based on our results, we propose that early and recycling endosomes provide a platform for the integration of neurotrophic signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in neurons, and that this mechanism is likely to regulate neuronal plasticity and survival.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT BDNF is a neurotrophic factor that regulates plastic changes in the brain, including dendritic growth. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Our results uncover the cellular requirements that central neurons possess to integrate the plasma membrane into nuclear signaling in neurons. Our results indicate that the endosomal pathway is required for the signaling cascade initiated by BDNF and its receptors at the plasma membrane to modulate BDNF-dependent gene expression and neuronal dendritic growth mediated by the CREB transcription factor. CREB is a key transcription factor regulating circuit development and learning and memory.
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285
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Qiu Q, Hu P, Qiu X, Govek KW, Cámara PG, Wu H. Massively parallel and time-resolved RNA sequencing in single cells with scNT-seq. Nat Methods 2020; 17:991-1001. [PMID: 32868927 PMCID: PMC8103797 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0935-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing offers snapshots of whole transcriptomes but obscures the temporal RNA dynamics. Here we present single-cell metabolically labeled new RNA tagging sequencing (scNT-seq), a method for massively parallel analysis of newly transcribed and pre-existing mRNAs from the same cell. This droplet microfluidics-based method enables high-throughput chemical conversion on barcoded beads, efficiently marking newly transcribed mRNAs with T-to-C substitutions. Using scNT-seq, we jointly profiled new and old transcriptomes in ~55,000 single cells. These data revealed time-resolved transcription factor activities and cell-state trajectories at the single-cell level in response to neuronal activation. We further determined rates of RNA biogenesis and decay to uncover RNA regulatory strategies during stepwise conversion between pluripotent and rare totipotent two-cell embryo (2C)-like stem cell states. Finally, integrating scNT-seq with genetic perturbation identifies DNA methylcytosine dioxygenase as an epigenetic barrier into the 2C-like cell state. Time-resolved single-cell transcriptomic analysis thus opens new lines of inquiry regarding cell-type-specific RNA regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qiu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaojie Qiu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Whitehead Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kiya W Govek
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pablo G Cámara
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Penn Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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286
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Runge K, Cardoso C, de Chevigny A. Dendritic Spine Plasticity: Function and Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00036
expr 823669561 + 872784217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
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287
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Runge K, Cardoso C, de Chevigny A. Dendritic Spine Plasticity: Function and Mechanisms. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2020; 12:36. [PMID: 32982715 PMCID: PMC7484486 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2020.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spines are small protrusions studding neuronal dendrites, first described in 1888 by Ramón y Cajal using his famous Golgi stainings. Around 50 years later the advance of electron microscopy (EM) confirmed Cajal's intuition that spines constitute the postsynaptic site of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain. The finding that spine density decreases between young and adult ages in fixed tissues suggested that spines are dynamic. It is only a decade ago that two-photon microscopy (TPM) has unambiguously proven the dynamic nature of spines, through the repeated imaging of single spines in live animals. Spine dynamics comprise formation, disappearance, and stabilization of spines and are modulated by neuronal activity and developmental age. Here, we review several emerging concepts in the field that start to answer the following key questions: What are the external signals triggering spine dynamics and the molecular mechanisms involved? What is, in return, the role of spine dynamics in circuit-rewiring, learning, and neuropsychiatric disorders?
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Runge
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Carlos Cardoso
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Antoine de Chevigny
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED) INSERM U1249, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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288
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Liu T, Wang L, Li Q. Drosophila Ortholog of Mammalian Immediate-Early Gene Npas4 is Specifically Responsive to Reversal Learning. Neurosci Bull 2020; 37:99-102. [PMID: 32856235 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00566-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linghan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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289
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Abstract
Microbes are ubiquitous in the natural environment of Caenorhabditis elegans. Bacteria serve as a food source for C. elegans but may also cause infection in the nematode host. The sensory nervous system of C. elegans detects diverse microbial molecules, ranging from metabolites produced by broad classes of bacteria to molecules synthesized by specific strains of bacteria. Innate recognition through chemosensation of bacterial metabolites or mechanosensation of bacteria can induce immediate behavioral responses. The ingestion of nutritive or pathogenic bacteria can modulate internal states that underlie long-lasting behavioral changes. Ingestion of nutritive bacteria leads to learned attraction and exploitation of the bacterial food source. Infection, which is accompanied by activation of innate immunity, stress responses, and host damage, leads to the development of aversive behavior. The integration of a multitude of microbial sensory cues in the environment is shaped by experience and context. Genetic, chemical, and neuronal studies of C. elegans behavior in the presence of bacteria have defined neural circuits and neuromodulatory systems that shape innate and learned behavioral responses to microbial cues. These studies have revealed the profound influence that host-microbe interactions have in governing the behavior of this simple animal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven W Flavell
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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290
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Busche MA, Hyman BT. Synergy between amyloid-β and tau in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1183-1193. [PMID: 32778792 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present with both extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau-containing neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. For many years, the prevailing view of AD pathogenesis has been that changes in Aβ precipitate the disease process and initiate a deleterious cascade involving tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Beyond this 'triggering' function, it has been typically presumed that Aβ and tau act independently and in the absence of specific interaction. However, accumulating evidence now suggests otherwise and contends that both pathologies have synergistic effects. This could not only help explain negative results from anti-Aβ clinical trials but also suggest that trials directed solely at tau may need to be reconsidered. Here, drawing from extensive human and disease model data, we highlight the latest evidence base pertaining to the complex Aβ-tau interaction and underscore its crucial importance to elucidating disease pathogenesis and the design of next-generation AD therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Aurel Busche
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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291
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Regulation of Social Stress and Neural Degeneration by Activity-Regulated Genes and Epigenetic Mechanisms in Dopaminergic Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4500-4510. [PMID: 32748368 PMCID: PMC7515954 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02037-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of both dopaminergic neurons and their accompanying glial cells is of great interest in the search for therapies for neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this review, we collate transcriptional and epigenetic changes identified in adult Drosophila melanogaster dopaminergic neurons in response to either prolonged social deprivation or social enrichment, and compare them with changes identified in mammalian dopaminergic neurons during normal development, stress, injury, and neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, a small set of activity-regulated genes (ARG) encoding transcription factors, and a specific pattern of epigenetic marks on gene promoters, are conserved in dopaminergic neurons over the long evolutionary period between mammals and insects. In addition to their classical function as immediate early genes to mark acute neuronal activity, these ARG transcription factors are repurposed in both insects and mammals to respond to chronic perturbations such as social enrichment, social stress, nerve injury, and neurodegeneration. We suggest that these ARG transcription factors and epigenetic marks may represent important targets for future therapeutic intervention strategies in various neurodegenerative disorders including PD.
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292
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Stroud H, Yang MG, Tsitohay YN, Davis CP, Sherman MA, Hrvatin S, Ling E, Greenberg ME. An Activity-Mediated Transition in Transcription in Early Postnatal Neurons. Neuron 2020; 107:874-890.e8. [PMID: 32589877 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The maturation of the mammalian brain occurs after birth, and this stage of neuronal development is frequently impaired in neurological disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. However, the mechanisms that regulate postnatal brain maturation are poorly defined. By purifying neuronal subpopulations across brain development in mice, we identify a postnatal switch in the transcriptional regulatory circuits that operates in the maturing mammalian brain. We show that this developmental transition includes the formation of hundreds of cell-type-specific neuronal enhancers that appear to be modulated by neuronal activity. Once selected, these enhancers are active throughout adulthood, suggesting that their formation in early life shapes neuronal identity and regulates mature brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hume Stroud
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marty G Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yael N Tsitohay
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Maxwell A Sherman
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sinisa Hrvatin
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emi Ling
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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293
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Joo Y, Xue Y, Wang Y, McDevitt RA, Sah N, Bossi S, Su S, Lee SK, Peng W, Xie A, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Ku WL, Ghosh S, Fishbein K, Shen W, Spencer R, Becker K, Zhao K, Mattson MP, van Praag H, Sharov A, Wang W. Topoisomerase 3β knockout mice show transcriptional and behavioural impairments associated with neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3143. [PMID: 32561719 PMCID: PMC7305123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase 3β (Top3β) is the only dual-activity topoisomerase in animals that can change topology for both DNA and RNA, and facilitate transcription on DNA and translation on mRNAs. Top3β mutations have been linked to schizophrenia, autism, epilepsy, and cognitive impairment. Here we show that Top3β knockout mice exhibit behavioural phenotypes related to psychiatric disorders and cognitive impairment. The mice also display impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Notably, the brains of the mutant mice exhibit impaired global neuronal activity-dependent transcription in response to fear conditioning stress, and the affected genes include many with known neuronal functions. Our data suggest that Top3β is essential for normal brain function, and that defective neuronal activity-dependent transcription may be a mechanism by which Top3β deletion causes cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyoung Joo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yutong Xue
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ross A McDevitt
- The Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Nirnath Sah
- Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Simone Bossi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Shuaikun Su
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Seung Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Wei Peng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Aoji Xie
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wai Lim Ku
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kenneth Fishbein
- Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Weiping Shen
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Richard Spencer
- Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kevin Becker
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Keji Zhao
- Laboratory of Epigenome Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Henriette van Praag
- Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Brain Institute and Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Alexei Sharov
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Weidong Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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294
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Wiedmann NM, Wong AW, Keast JR, Osborne PB. Sex differences in c-Fos and EGR-1/Zif268 activity maps of rat sacral spinal cord following cystometry-induced micturition. J Comp Neurol 2020; 529:311-326. [PMID: 32415681 PMCID: PMC7818477 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Storage and voiding of urine from the lower urinary tract (LUT) must be timed precisely to occur in appropriate behavioral contexts. A major part of the CNS circuit that coordinates this activity is found in the lumbosacral spinal cord. Immediate early gene (IEG) activity mapping has been widely used to investigate the lumbosacral LUT-related circuit, but most reports focus on the effects of noxious stimulation in anesthetized female rats. Here we use c-Fos and EGR-1 (Zif268) activity mapping of lumbosacral spinal cord to investigate cystometry-induced micturition in awake female and male rats. In females, after cystometry c-Fos neurons in spinal cord segments L5-S2 were concentrated in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN), dorsal horn laminae II-IV, and dorsal commissural nucleus (SDCom). Comparisons of cystometry and control groups in male and female revealed sex differences. Activity mapping suggested dorsal horn laminae II-IV was activated in females but showed net inhibition in males. However, inhibition in male rats was not detected by EGR-1 activity mapping, which showed low coexpression with c-Fos. A class of catecholamine neurons in SPN and SDCom neurons were also more strongly activated by micturition in females. In both sexes, most c-Fos neurons were identified as excitatory by their absence of Pax2 expression. In conclusion, IEG mapping in awake male and female rats has extended our understanding of the functional molecular anatomy of the LUT-related circuit in spinal cord. Using this approach, we have identified sex differences that were not detected by previous studies in anesthetized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Wiedmann
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Agnes W Wong
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janet R Keast
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peregrine B Osborne
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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295
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Mueller JC, Carrete M, Boerno S, Kuhl H, Tella JL, Kempenaers B. Genes acting in synapses and neuron projections are early targets of selection during urban colonization. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3403-3412. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob C. Mueller
- Department of Behavioural Ecology & Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
| | - Martina Carrete
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana – CSIC Sevilla Spain
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems University Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain
| | - Stefan Boerno
- Sequencing Core Facility Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin Germany
| | - Heiner Kuhl
- Sequencing Core Facility Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics Berlin Germany
- Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture Leibniz‐Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin Germany
| | - José L. Tella
- Department of Conservation Biology Estación Biológica de Doñana – CSIC Sevilla Spain
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology & Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Seewiesen Germany
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296
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Beagan JA, Pastuzyn ED, Fernandez LR, Guo MH, Feng K, Titus KR, Chandrashekar H, Shepherd JD, Phillips-Cremins JE. Three-dimensional genome restructuring across timescales of activity-induced neuronal gene expression. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:707-717. [PMID: 32451484 PMCID: PMC7558717 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0634-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal activation induces rapid transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs) and longer-term chromatin remodeling around secondary response genes (SRGs). Here, we use high-resolution chromosome-conformation-capture carbon-copy sequencing (5C-seq) to elucidate the extent to which long-range chromatin loops are altered during short- and long-term changes in neural activity. We find that more than 10% of loops surrounding select IEGs, SRGs, and synaptic genes are induced de novo during cortical neuron activation. IEGs Fos and Arc connect to activity-dependent enhancers via singular short-range loops that form within 20 min after stimulation, prior to peak messenger RNA levels. By contrast, the SRG Bdnf engages in both pre-existing and activity-inducible loops that form within 1-6 h. We also show that common single-nucleotide variants that are associated with autism and schizophrenia are colocalized with distinct classes of activity-dependent, looped enhancers. Our data link architectural complexity to transcriptional kinetics and reveal the rapid timescale by which higher-order chromatin architecture reconfigures during neuronal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Beagan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elissa D Pastuzyn
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lindsey R Fernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael H Guo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katelyn R Titus
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Jason D Shepherd
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
| | - Jennifer E Phillips-Cremins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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297
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Heinz DA, Bloodgood BL. Mechanisms that communicate features of neuronal activity to the genome. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 63:131-136. [PMID: 32416470 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-driven gene expression is a ubiquitous feature of biological systems, allowing cells and organisms to adapt their function in a stimulus-driven manner. Neurons exhibit complex and heterogeneous activity-dependent gene expression, but many of the canonical mechanisms that transduce electrical activity into gene regulation are promiscuous and convergent. We discuss literature that describes mechanisms that drive activity-dependent gene expression with a focus on those that allow the nucleus to decode complex stimulus-features into appropriate transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Heinz
- Biological Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Brenda L Bloodgood
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
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298
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Chen LF, Lyons MR, Liu F, Green MV, Hedrick NG, Williams AB, Narayanan A, Yasuda R, West AE. The NMDA receptor subunit GluN3A regulates synaptic activity-induced and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C)-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8613-8627. [PMID: 32393578 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are key mediators of synaptic activity-regulated gene transcription in neurons, both during development and in the adult brain. Developmental differences in the glutamate receptor ionotropic NMDA 2 (GluN2) subunit composition of NMDARs determines whether they activate the transcription factor cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB). However, whether the developmentally regulated GluN3A subunit also modulates NMDAR-induced transcription is unknown. Here, using an array of techniques, including quantitative real-time PCR, immunostaining, reporter gene assays, RNA-Seq, and two-photon glutamate uncaging with calcium imaging, we show that knocking down GluN3A in rat hippocampal neurons promotes the inducible transcription of a subset of NMDAR-sensitive genes. We found that this enhancement is mediated by the accumulation of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the nucleus, which drives the activation of the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) and promotes the transcription of a subset of synaptic activity-induced genes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Our evidence that GluN3A regulates MEF2C-dependent transcription reveals a novel mechanism by which NMDAR subunit composition confers specificity to the program of synaptic activity-regulated gene transcription in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Fu Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle R Lyons
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew V Green
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nathan G Hedrick
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ashley B Williams
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arthy Narayanan
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Anne E West
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Wenderski W, Wang L, Krokhotin A, Walsh JJ, Li H, Shoji H, Ghosh S, George RD, Miller EL, Elias L, Gillespie MA, Son EY, Staahl BT, Baek ST, Stanley V, Moncada C, Shipony Z, Linker SB, Marchetto MCN, Gage FH, Chen D, Sultan T, Zaki MS, Ranish JA, Miyakawa T, Luo L, Malenka RC, Crabtree GR, Gleeson JG. Loss of the neural-specific BAF subunit ACTL6B relieves repression of early response genes and causes recessive autism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:10055-10066. [PMID: 32312822 PMCID: PMC7211998 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908238117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic activity in neurons leads to the rapid activation of genes involved in mammalian behavior. ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers such as the BAF complex contribute to these responses and are generally thought to activate transcription. However, the mechanisms keeping such "early activation" genes silent have been a mystery. In the course of investigating Mendelian recessive autism, we identified six families with segregating loss-of-function mutations in the neuronal BAF (nBAF) subunit ACTL6B (originally named BAF53b). Accordingly, ACTL6B was the most significantly mutated gene in the Simons Recessive Autism Cohort. At least 14 subunits of the nBAF complex are mutated in autism, collectively making it a major contributor to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Patient mutations destabilized ACTL6B protein in neurons and rerouted dendrites to the wrong glomerulus in the fly olfactory system. Humans and mice lacking ACTL6B showed corpus callosum hypoplasia, indicating a conserved role for ACTL6B in facilitating neural connectivity. Actl6b knockout mice on two genetic backgrounds exhibited ASD-related behaviors, including social and memory impairments, repetitive behaviors, and hyperactivity. Surprisingly, mutation of Actl6b relieved repression of early response genes including AP1 transcription factors (Fos, Fosl2, Fosb, and Junb), increased chromatin accessibility at AP1 binding sites, and transcriptional changes in late response genes associated with early response transcription factor activity. ACTL6B loss is thus an important cause of recessive ASD, with impaired neuron-specific chromatin repression indicated as a potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Wenderski
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Andrey Krokhotin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Jessica J Walsh
- Nancy Pritztker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Hongjie Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192 Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shereen Ghosh
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Renee D George
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Erik L Miller
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Laura Elias
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | | | - Esther Y Son
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Brett T Staahl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cynthia Moncada
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Zohar Shipony
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Sara B Linker
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Maria C N Marchetto
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Fred H Gage
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Dillon Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Tipu Sultan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Institute of Child Health, Children Hospital Lahore, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, 12311 Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192 Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Liqun Luo
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Robert C Malenka
- Nancy Pritztker Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305;
- Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037;
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037
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300
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Mitf Links Neuronal Activity and Long-Term Homeostatic Intrinsic Plasticity. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0412-19.2020. [PMID: 32193365 PMCID: PMC7174873 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0412-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity forms the basis for neuronal circuit complexity and differences between otherwise similar circuits. We show that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) plays a central role in intrinsic plasticity of olfactory bulb (OB) projection neurons. Mitral and tufted (M/T) neurons from Mitf mutant mice are hyperexcitable, have a reduced A-type potassium current (IA) and exhibit reduced expression of Kcnd3, which encodes a potassium voltage-gated channel subunit (Kv4.3) important for generating the IA Furthermore, expression of the Mitf and Kcnd3 genes is activity dependent in OB projection neurons and the MITF protein activates expression from Kcnd3 regulatory elements. Moreover, Mitf mutant mice have changes in olfactory habituation and have increased habituation for an odorant following long-term exposure, indicating that regulation of Kcnd3 is pivotal for long-term olfactory adaptation. Our findings show that Mitf acts as a direct regulator of intrinsic homeostatic feedback and links neuronal activity, transcriptional changes and neuronal function.
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