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Bi J, Zhang J, Ren Y, Du Z, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang L, Shi Z, Wu Z, Lv Y, Wu R. Exercise hormone irisin mitigates endothelial barrier dysfunction and microvascular leakage-related diseases. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136277. [PMID: 32516137 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased microvascular leakage is a cardinal feature of many critical diseases. Regular exercise is associated with improved endothelial function and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Irisin, secreted during exercise, contributes to many health benefits of exercise. However, the effects of irisin on endothelial function and microvascular leakage remain unknown. In this study, we found that irisin remarkably strengthened endothelial junctions and barrier function via binding to integrin αVβ5 receptor in LPS-treated endothelial cells. The beneficial effect of irisin was associated with suppression of the Src-MLCK-β-catenin pathway, activation of the AMPK-Cdc42/Rac1 pathway, and improvement of mitochondrial function. In preclinical models of microvascular leakage, exogenous irisin improved pulmonary function, decreased lung edema and injury, suppressed inflammation, and increased survival. In ARDS patients, serum irisin levels were decreased and inversely correlated with disease severity and mortality. In conclusion, irisin enhances endothelial barrier function and mitigates microvascular leakage-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | | | | | - Yawen Wang
- Biobank.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, and
| | - Zhihong Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering
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252
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Alyami RM, Alhowikan AM, Alharbi AR, AL-Nafisah G. Impact of supervised exercise training on pulmonary function parameters, exercise capacity and Irisin Biomarker in Interstitial lung disease patients. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:1089-1095. [PMID: 32704295 PMCID: PMC7372690 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.5.1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of supervised exercise training (SET) on pulmonary function Parameters, exercise capacity and Irisin biomarker in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) patients. METHODS Ten (10)patients with ILD and 18 healthy controls of age between 30-40+ years were selected for 8-week SET program. Before and after SET all subjects performed exercise capacity six minutes' walk test (6MWT), heart rate (HR) changes were recorded, shortness of Breath Respiratory Questionnaire (SOBQ) was obtained and Irisin levels were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). This interventional study was carried out at Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, from October 2018 to February 2019. RESULTS Mean six minutes' walk distance (6MWD) was 395 ± 68.4 m at 1st visit increased significantly (p=0.001) to 458.8± 87.1 mat 15 visit. However, 6MWD values found significantly higher in controls (517.4±84.1 m; 561.7±81.6 m; p=0.013) than ILD patients. Overall change (difference between post and pre exercise) in HRvalue was recorded lower in ILD patients (30-35 bpm) as compared to controls (40-45 bpm). Moreover, ILD patients had overall higher SOBQ score than controls. Pre SET Irisin levels of ILD patients (4.24 ±1.73 pg/ml) and controls (3.43 ±1.04pg/ml) were found unchanged dafter SET (4.48±2.02pg/ml, 3.39 ±1.41pg/ml, p=0.677, p=0.093)respectively. However, patients Irisin values were found higher as compared to controls before and after SET. CONCLUSION Exercise capacity and Dyspneain patients with ILD were improved after 8-week of SET program. No major changes in Irisin levels among patients with ILD and controls were observed. Additional research requires to be carried out on large number of subjects to deter Minutese the advantages of exercise in ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Mohammad Alyami
- Rahma Mohammad Alyami, MS. College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan
- Abdulrahman Mohammed Alhowikan, PhD. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Rashed Alharbi
- Abdullah Rashed Alharbi, MBBS. Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada AL-Nafisah
- Ghada AL-Nafisah, MS. Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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253
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Frühbeck G, Fernández-Quintana B, Paniagua M, Hernández-Pardos AW, Valentí V, Moncada R, Catalán V, Becerril S, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Portincasa P, Silva C, Salvador J, Rodríguez A. FNDC4, a novel adipokine that reduces lipogenesis and promotes fat browning in human visceral adipocytes. Metabolism 2020; 108:154261. [PMID: 32407726 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibronectin type IIIdomain-containing protein 4 (FNDC4) constitutes a secreted factor showing a high homology in the fibronectin type III and transmembrane domains with the exercise-associated myokine irisin (FNDC5). We sought to evaluate whether FNDC4 mimics the anti-obesity effects of FNDC5/irisin in human adipose tissue. METHODS Plasma and adipose tissue samples of 78 patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and 26 normal-weight individuals were used in the present study. RESULTS Plasma FNDC4 was decreased in patients with morbid obesity, related to obesity-associated systemic inflammation and remained unchanged six months after bariatric surgery. Visceral adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity showed higher expression of FNDC4 and its putative receptor GPR116 regardless of the degree of insulin resistance. FNDC4 content was regulated by lipogenic, lipolytic and proinflammatory stimuli in human visceral adipocytes. FNDC4 reduced intracytosolic lipid accumulation and stimulated a brown-like pattern in human adipocytes, as evidenced by an upregulated expression of UCP-1 and the brown/beige adipocyte markers PRDM16, TMEM26 and CD137. Moreover, FNDC4 treatment upregulated mitochondrial DNA content and factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM, NRF1 and NRF2). Human FNDC4-knockdown adipocytes exhibited an increase in lipogenesis and a reduction of brown/beige-specific fat markers as well as factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the novel adipokine FNDC4 reduces lipogenesis and increases fat browning in human visceral adipocytes. The upregulation of FNDC4 in human visceral fat might constitute an attempt to attenuate the adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and impaired beige adipogenesis in the obese state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Mirla Paniagua
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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254
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Elizondo-Montemayor L. The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32604889 PMCID: PMC7353393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico
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255
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Zhang J, Bi J, Ren Y, Du Z, Li T, Wang T, Zhang L, Wang M, Wei S, Lv Y, Wu R. Involvement of GPX4 in irisin's protection against ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:931-945. [PMID: 32583428 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and serious condition. Irisin, an exercise-induced hormone, improves mitochondrial function and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key regulator of ferroptosis and its inactivation aggravates renal I/R injury by inducing ROS production. However, the effect of irisin on GPX4 and I/R-induced AKI is still unknown. To study this, male adult mice were subjected to renal I/R by occluding bilateral renal hilum for 30 min, which was followed by 24 hr reperfusion. Our results showed serum irisin levels were decreased in renal I/R mice. Irisin (250 μg/kg) treatment alleviated renal injury, downregulated inflammatory response, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced ER stress and oxidative stress after renal I/R, which were associated with upregulation of GPX4. Treated with RSL3 (a GPX4 inhibitor) abolished irisin's protective effect. Thus, irisin attenuates I/R-induced AKI through upregulating GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Teng Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shasha Wei
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Vadalà G, Di Giacomo G, Ambrosio L, Cannata F, Cicione C, Papalia R, Denaro V. Irisin Recovers Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes In Vitro. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061478. [PMID: 32560375 PMCID: PMC7348865 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise favors weight loss and ameliorates articular pain and function in patients suffering from osteoarthritis. Irisin, a myokine released upon muscle contraction, has demonstrated to yield anabolic effects on different cell types. This study aimed to investigate the effect of irisin on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes (hOAC) in vitro. Our hypothesis was that irisin would improve hOAC metabolism and proliferation. Cells were cultured in growing media and then exposed to either phosphate-buffered saline (control group) or human recombinant irisin (experimental group). Cell proliferation, glycosaminoglycan content, type II/X collagen gene expression and protein quantification as well as p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), protein kinase B (Akt), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) involvement were evaluated. Furthermore, gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1 and -6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -13, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -3 were investigated following irisin exposure. Irisin increased hOAC cell content and both type II collagen gene expression and protein levels, while decreased type X collagen gene expression and protein levels. Moreover, irisin decreased IL-1, IL-6, MMP-1, MMP-13 and iNOS gene expression, while increased TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 levels. These effects seemed to be mediated by inhibition of p38, Akt, JNK and NFκB signaling pathways. The present study suggested that irisin may stimulate hOAC proliferation and anabolism inhibiting catabolism through p38, Akt, JNK, and NFκB inactivation in vitro, demonstrating the existence of a cross-talk between muscle and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Vadalà
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Giuseppina Di Giacomo
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Luca Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Cannata
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Claudia Cicione
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Laboratory of Regenerative Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
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257
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Nie Y, Dai B, Guo X, Liu D. Cleavage of FNDC5 and insights into its maturation process. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 510:110840. [PMID: 32360564 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
FNDC5 corresponds to an irisin precursor that increases with exercise. Studies suggest that irisin mediates beneficial effects in adipose tissues, skeletal muscle, bone, and brain. However, the cleavage and maturation processes of FNDC5 have not been clearly identified. This study aimed to show that the signal peptide and transmembrane domain of FNDC5 were associated with the secretion of its ectodomain. Localization studies identified the signal peptide that was responsible for endoplasmic reticulum targeting activity of nascent FNDC5 and showed that the FNDC5 ectodomain corresponding to irisin could be transported across the membrane by a transmembrane domain. Analysis of cleavage constructs revealed that the ectodomain of FNDC5 could be cleaved from its signal peptide and transmembrane attachment. Genetic ablation of the signal peptide cleavage site blocked N-glycosylation of FNDC5. Identification of the FNDC5 maturation process should facilitate our understanding of irisin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, 010070, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Bai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, 010070, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, 010070, China.
| | - Dongjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 24 Zhaojun Road, Hohhot, 010070, China.
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258
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Deng J, Zhang N, Wang Y, Yang C, Wang Y, Xin C, Zhao J, Jin Z, Cao F, Zhang Z. FNDC5/irisin improves the therapeutic efficacy of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:228. [PMID: 32522253 PMCID: PMC7288492 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01746-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The beneficial functions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) decline with decreased cell survival, limiting their therapeutic efficacy for myocardial infarction (MI). Irisin, a novel myokine which is cleaved from its precursor fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is believed to be involved in a cardioprotective effect, but little was known on injured BM-MSCs and MI repair yet. Here, we investigated whether FNDC5 or irisin could improve the low viability of transplanted BM-MSCs and increase their therapeutic efficacy after MI. Methods BM-MSCs, isolated from dual-reporter firefly luciferase and enhanced green fluorescent protein positive (Fluc+–eGFP+) transgenic mice, were exposed to normoxic condition and hypoxic stress for 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively. In addition, BM-MSCs were treated with irisin (20 nmol/L) and overexpression of FNDC5 (FNDC5-OV) in serum deprivation (H/SD) injury. Furthermore, BM-MSCs were engrafted into infarcted hearts with or without FNDC5-OV. Results Hypoxic stress contributed to increased apoptosis, decreased cell viability, and paracrine effects of BM-MSCs while irisin or FNDC5-OV alleviated these injuries. Longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence imaging and immunofluorescence results illustrated that BM-MSCs with overexpression of FNDC5 treatment (FNDC5-MSCs) improved the survival of transplanted BM-MSCs, which ameliorated the increased apoptosis and decreased angiogenesis of BM-MSCs in vivo. Interestingly, FNDC5-OV elevated the secretion of exosomes in BM-MSCs. Furthermore, FNDC5-MSC therapy significantly reduced fibrosis and alleviated injured heart function. Conclusions The present study indicated that irisin or FNDC5 improved BM-MSC engraftment and paracrine effects in infarcted hearts, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Training Base in PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Central Beijing Medical District, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fuxing-Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Fifth Medical Center,, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Former 307th Hospital of the PLA), Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chao Xin
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhitao Jin
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100088, China.
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259
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Circulating Irisin in Healthy Adults: Changes after Acute Exercise, Correlation with Body Composition, and Energy Expenditure Parameters in Cross-Sectional Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56060274. [PMID: 32512797 PMCID: PMC7353853 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56060274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Skeletal muscles are considered to be the main source of circulating irisin, both at rest and during physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the connection between irisin, body composition, and energy metabolism in humans. Materials and Methods: Serum irisin concentrations before and after acute aerobic exercise on a treadmill in 84 healthy adults were measured and their association with body composition and energy expenditure (EE) (obtained from indirect calorimetry) was determined. Results: The total pre-exercise irisin concentrations in males and females were similar, but higher in females when expressed per body mass kg (p < 0.001). There was an association between pre-exercise irisin per body mass kg, visceral fat rating (rho = −0.52, p = 0.001), and lean tissue % (rho = 0.41, p < 0.05) in males and lean body mass index (LBMI) (rho = −0.59, p < 0.001) in females. The pre-exercise irisin concentration correlated with the resting metabolic rate (RMR) in both sexes (rho = 0.44 in males, rho = 0.36 in females; p < 0.05), but with walking, running, and the EE difference from RMR in running (Δ running EE) in males only (rho = 0.32 to 0.37, p < 0.05). There was no significant change in irisin concentration after exercise in 58% of participants, while it decreased in 23%, and increased in 19%. In male subjects with no change in irisin concentration after exercise, running (p < 0.05) and Δ running EE per body mass kg (p < 0.05) were higher than in those with decreased irisin concentration. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the association of irisin concentration with body composition and EE parameters has sex-dependent differences, and acute exercise can lead to various changes in post-exercise irisin levels.
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260
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Farrash W, Brook M, Crossland H, Phillips BE, Cegielski J, Wilkinson DJ, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Smith K, Cleasby M, Atherton PJ. Impacts of rat hindlimb Fndc5/irisin overexpression on muscle and adipose tissue metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E943-E955. [PMID: 32369414 PMCID: PMC7311674 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00034.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myokines, such as irisin, have been purported to exert physiological effects on skeletal muscle in an autocrine/paracrine fashion. In this study, we aimed to investigate the mechanistic role of in vivo fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5)/irisin upregulation in muscle. Overexpression (OE) of Fndc5 in rat hindlimb muscle was achieved by in vivo electrotransfer, i.e., bilateral injections of Fndc5 harboring vectors for OE rats (n = 8) and empty vector for control rats (n = 8). Seven days later, a bolus of D2O (7.2 mL/kg) was administered via oral gavage to quantify muscle protein synthesis. After an overnight fast, on day 9, 2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-phosphate (2-DG6P; 6 mg/kg) was provided during an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (2 g/kg) to assess glucose handling. Animals were euthanized, musculus tibialis cranialis muscles and subcutaneous fat (inguinal) were harvested, and metabolic and molecular effects were evaluated. Muscle Fndc5 mRNA increased with OE (~2-fold; P = 0.014), leading to increased circulating irisin (1.5 ± 0.9 to 3.5 ± 1.2 ng/mL; P = 0.049). OE had no effect on protein anabolism or mitochondrial biogenesis; however, muscle glycogen was increased, along with glycogen synthase 1 gene expression (P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). In addition to an increase in glycogen synthase activation in OE (P = 0.03), there was a tendency toward increased glucose transporter 4 protein (P = 0.09). However, glucose uptake (accumulation of 2-DG6P) was identical. Irisin elicited no endocrine effect on mitochondrial biogenesis or uncoupling proteins in white adipose tissue. Hindlimb overexpression led to physiological increases in Fndc5/irisin. However, our data indicate limited short-term impacts of irisin in relation to muscle anabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose uptake, or adipose remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Farrash
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Brook
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - H Crossland
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - B E Phillips
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - J Cegielski
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - D J Wilkinson
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - D Constantin-Teodosiu
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - P L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Smith
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
| | - M Cleasby
- Molecular Physiology of Diabetes Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - P J Atherton
- Medical Research Council Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and Nottingham National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, United Kingdom
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261
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Severinsen MCK, Schéele C, Pedersen BK. Exercise and browning of white adipose tissue - a translational perspective. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:18-24. [PMID: 32480032 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue is a cold-induced phenomenon in rodents, constituted by the differentiation of a subset of thermogenic adipocytes among existing white adipocytes. Emerging evidence in the literature points at additional factors and environmental conditions stimulating browning in rodents, including physical exercise training. Exercise engages sympathetic activation which during cold activation promotes proliferation and differentiation of brown preadipocytes. Exercise also stimulates the release of multiple growth factors and cytokines. Importantly, there are clear discrepancies between human and rodents with regard to thermogenic capacity and browning potential. Here we provide a translational perspective on exercise-induced browning and review recent findings on the role of myokines and hepatokines in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Charlotte Krogh Severinsen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camilla Schéele
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Klarlund Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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262
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Yamakage H, Tanaka M, Inoue T, Odori S, Kusakabe T, Satoh‐Asahara N. Effects of dapagliflozin on the serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 and myokines and muscle mass in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, controlled trial. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:653-661. [PMID: 31721467 PMCID: PMC7232283 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Our aims were to examine the add-on effects of a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, compared with existing antidiabetes treatments, on anthropometric/metabolic parameters, the levels of an endocrine regulator, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21); a skeletal muscle mass (SMM) negative regulator, myostatin; and a metabolic regulator, irisin, in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 54 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomly divided into dapagliflozin and control groups. The dapagliflozin group received dapagliflozin 5 mg/day in addition to conventional therapy for 24 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in the level of serum FGF21 from baseline. The secondary outcomes included changes from baseline in anthropometric/metabolic parameters and serum levels of myostatin and irisin. RESULTS Bodyweight decreased in the dapagliflozin group compared with the control group (P < 0.001), but the changes in SMM were not significant between the groups (P = 0.611), thereby elevating the ratio of SMM-to-bodyweight in the dapagliflozin group (P = 0.028). Myostatin levels were significantly decreased (P = 0.010), and irisin levels showed a nearly significant reduction (P = 0.052) in the dapagliflozin group compared with the control group, whereas FGF21 levels did not change significantly from baseline to the end of the intervention in both the dapagliflozin (P = 0.673) and the control (P = 0.823) groups. CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes reduced myostatin levels significantly and maintained SMM, without significant changes in FGF21 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Yamakage
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension ResearchClinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension ResearchClinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
- Department of Physical TherapyHealth Science UniversityYamanashiJapan
| | - Takayuki Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension ResearchClinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Shinji Odori
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension ResearchClinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Toru Kusakabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension ResearchClinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Noriko Satoh‐Asahara
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Hypertension ResearchClinical Research InstituteNational Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical CenterKyotoJapan
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263
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Tu T, Peng J, Jiang Y. FNDC5/Irisin: A New Protagonist in Acute Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:533-543. [PMID: 31914844 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Neurological Diseases and Brain Functions, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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264
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Liu Y, Xu F, Jiang P. Effect of sitagliptin on expression of skeletal muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α and irisin in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519885569. [PMID: 32364035 PMCID: PMC7218978 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519885569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of sitagliptin on skeletal muscle expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), irisin, and phosphoadenylated adenylate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK) in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A high-fat diet/streptozotocin T2DM rat model was established. Rats were divided into T2DM, low-dose sitagliptin (ST1), high-dose sitagliptin (ST2), and normal control groups (NC). PGC-1α, irisin, and p-AMPK protein levels in skeletal muscle were measured by western blot, and PCG-1α and Fndc5 mRNA levels were assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FIns), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were significantly up-regulated in the T2DM compared with the other groups, and FPG, FIns, total cholesterol, triglycerides, TNF-α, and HOMA-IR were significantly down-regulated in the ST2 compared with the ST1 group. PGC-1α, irisin, and p-AMPK expression levels decreased successively in the ST2, ST1, and DM groups compared with the NC, and were all significantly up-regulated in the ST2 compared with the ST1 group. CONCLUSION Down-regulation of PGC-1α and irisin in skeletal muscle may be involved in T2DM. Sitagliptin can dose-dependently up-regulate PCG-1α and irisin, potentially improving insulin resistance and glycolipid metabolism and inhibiting inflammation.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- Animals
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation
- Fibronectins/analysis
- Fibronectins/metabolism
- Glycolipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Male
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/immunology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/analysis
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Protein Kinases/analysis
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Rats
- Sitagliptin Phosphate/administration & dosage
- Streptozocin/toxicity
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The Second Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Yichang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Pan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, The Second Clinical Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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265
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Yoon HM, Pharmacopuncture TEOJO. Editorial Retraction: A Review on the Role of Irisin in Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Pharmacopuncture 2020; 23:42-43. [PMID: 32322435 PMCID: PMC7163390 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2020.23.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Min Yoon
- Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Pharmacopuncture, Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion, Dong-Eui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan, Korea
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266
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Rabiee F, Lachinani L, Ghaedi S, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Megraw TL, Ghaedi K. New insights into the cellular activities of Fndc5/Irisin and its signaling pathways. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:51. [PMID: 32257109 PMCID: PMC7106581 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00413-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fndc5, a well-defined myokine and also identified as an adipokine, has a critical role in modulation of metabolism and protection against obesity. These important functions are mediated by irisin, a secretory peptide produced from proteolytic processing of Fndc5. The other beneficial physiological effects of irisin are alleviation of oxidative stress, neuroprotective effects, and anti-inflammatory properties and associated anti-metastatic effects. Fndc5/irisin exerts its biological effects through several intracellular signaling pathways. The major signaling pathway is thought to be MAPK signaling pathways which are involved in neural differentiation, browning of white adipocytes, as well as osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Other essential functions of Fndc5/irisin are mediated through additional pathways including AMPK pathway, PI3K/AKT, and STAT3/Snail. Thorough understanding of the mechanisms of irisin actions are essential in order to develop Fndc5/irisin for therapeutic purposes. In the present review, we focus on the current knowledge of the signaling pathways that elicit irisin actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rabiee
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St, 816513-1378 Isfahan, Khorsagan Iran
| | - Liana Lachinani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sarvenaz Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St, 816513-1378 Isfahan, Khorsagan Iran
| | - Timothy L. Megraw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4300 USA
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Royan St., Salman St, 816513-1378 Isfahan, Khorsagan Iran
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267
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Irisin prevents dexamethasone-induced atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:495-502. [PMID: 32219531 PMCID: PMC7165150 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine secreted mainly from skeletal muscle that is known for having beneficial metabolic effects via enhancement of energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Studies show that irisin also acts as an autocrine/paracrine to promote myogenesis and muscle growth. However, the protective role of irisin against muscular wasting remains unclear. We confirmed that irisin secretion was upregulated by electrical pulse stimulation an in vitro exercise mimetic model. Next, we tested if irisin exerted an anti-atrophic effect on cultured C2C12 myotubes treated with dexamethasone (DEX), a representative inducer of muscular atrophy. Treatment of cultured myotubes with DEX reduced myotube size and increased proteasome activity, which were attenuated by irisin. Also, irisin effectively prevented dephosphorylation of forkhead box O (FoxO) 3α and upregulation of muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases in DEX-treated myotubes. The protective effect of irisin on DEX-mediated myotube atrophy was partially regulated by insulin-like growth factor-1-dependent signaling. These results suggested that irisin may prevent glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy by inhibiting FoxO-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome overactivity.
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268
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Identification of irisin as a therapeutic agent that inhibits oxidative stress and fibrosis in a murine model of chronic pancreatitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110101. [PMID: 32199226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Irisin, an exercise-induced hormone, has been shown to mitigate liver fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of hepatic stellate cells. However, the effect of irisin in CP has not been evaluated. METHODS This study aimed to determine whether irisin is protective in CP. CP was induced by 6 IP injections of cerulein (50 μg/kg/body weight). HPSCs were treated with 5 ng/ml TGF-β1 as in vitro experiment. RESULTS Our results showed that repeated cerulein injection induced severe pancreatic injury and fibrosis in mice and the serum irisin level in cerulein-treated mice decreased as in CP patients. Excessive oxidative and ER stress was also present in the pancreas of cerulein-treated mice. Irisin treatment significantly alleviated pancreatic injury and fibrosis, which was associated with reduced oxidative and ER stress. In cultured PSCs, irisin directly inhibited TGF-β-induced α-SMA and collagen I expression. This effect appears to be mediated through downregulation of kindlin-2 and inhibition of the SMAD2/3 pathway. CONCLUSIONS Irisin alleviated pancreatic injury and fibrosis, which was associated with reduced oxidative and ER stress. Thus, irisin may offer therapeutic potential for patients with CP.
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269
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Wahab F, Drummer C, Mätz-Rensing K, Fuchs E, Behr R. Irisin is expressed by undifferentiated spermatogonia and modulates gene expression in organotypic primate testis cultures. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 504:110670. [PMID: 31801682 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms regulating undifferentiated spermatogonial cell proliferation and differentiation are still not fully understood. Irisin is an exercise-induced hormone, which is a cleaved and secreted fragment of the fibronectin type III repeat containing 5 (FNDC5) transmembrane protein. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of irisin in cell proliferation and differentiation in various tissues. However, testicular irisin expression and its potential action have not been analyzed. Here, we demonstrate expression of irisin in undifferentiated spermatogonia of primates and in the tree shrew, a bridging species between primates and insectivores. Rhesus monkeys are seasonal breeders with annual phases of high and low testicular activity and germ cell proliferation. Interestingly, expression of both FNDC5 mRNA and irisin is altered between breeding (high spermatogenesis) and nonbreeding seasons (low spermatogenesis). Organotypic testis culture in the presence of irisin increased the expression levels of the Sertoli cell (GDNF) and spermatogonial transcripts Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), Inhibitor of differentiation 4 (ID4), Cluster of differentiation 117 (cKIT), and SALL4, compared to untreated controls, while irisin suppressed its own FNDC5 mRNA. Our data suggest that irisin is a novel endocrine factor involved in the regulation of spermatogonial activities in the testes of primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Wahab
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Charis Drummer
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mätz-Rensing
- Pathology Unit, German Primate Center- Leibniz-Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Fuchs
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Behr
- Platform Degenerative Diseases, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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270
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Natalicchio A, Marrano N, Biondi G, Dipaola L, Spagnuolo R, Cignarelli A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Irisin increases the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3238. [PMID: 31742872 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, a newly discovered muscle-derived hormone, acts in different organs and tissues, improving energy homeostasis. In this study, we assessed, for the first time, the effects of intraperitoneal irisin injections on circulating levels of leptin and ghrelin, mRNA expression of the major hypothalamic appetite regulators and brain neurotrophic factors, as well as feeding behaviour in healthy mice. METHODS Twelve male 6-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups and intraperitoneally injected daily with irisin (0.5 μg/g body weight) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) for 14 days. On the last day of observation, leptin and ghrelin levels were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA levels of genes of interest were analysed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in brain extracts. RESULTS Irisin administration did not change leptin or ghrelin serum concentrations. However, irisin injection increased CART, POMC, NPY, and BDNF mRNA levels, without affecting the mRNA expression of AgRP, orexin, PMCH, and UCP2. Finally, over the time frame of irisin treatment, body weight and feeding behaviour were unaltered. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intraperitoneal injection of irisin, although without effects on feeding behaviour and body weight, can increase the expression of anorexigenic and neurotrophic genes in mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Marrano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Biondi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Lucia Dipaola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosaria Spagnuolo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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271
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Cheng G, Xu D, Chu K, Cao Z, Sun X, Yang Y. The Effects of MiR-214-3p and Irisin/FNDC5 on the Biological Behavior of Osteosarcoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:92-100. [PMID: 32073886 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.2933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Irisin/fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) has important effects on breast cancer and liver cancer, however, its role in osteosarcoma is poorly understood. This study explored the effects of irisin/FNDC5 in osteosarcoma cells, aiming to provide a direction for treating osteosarcoma. Material and Methods: The expression levels of irisin/FNDC5 in serums and tissues of osteosarcoma patients and the expression characteristics of FNDC5 in osteosarcoma cell lines were measured. The effects of irisin, at different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 ng/mL), and FNDC5 on the viability, migration, and invasion of U2OS cells were analyzed. The target gene regulating FNDC5 was predicted, and its effects on irisin/FNDC5 and osteosarcoma cells were further explored. Results: The authors found that irisin/FNDC5 was significantly downregulated in the serums and tissues of osteosarcoma patients, and FNDC5 was also lowly expressed in osteosarcoma cell lines, especially in U2OS cells. Irisin/FNDC5 could not only inhibit the viability of U2OS cell in a concentration- and time-dependent manner but could also suppress cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, miR-214-3p inhibited the expression of irisin/FNDC5, and promoted the migration, invasion, and epithelial/mesenchymal transition (EMT) of U2OS cell through targeting FNDC5. Conclusions: Irisin/FNDC5 could inhibit the viability, migration, invasion, and EMT of osteosarcoma cells, and miR-214-3p could target FNDC5 to release its antitumor effects. Thus, irisin/FNDC5 and miR-214-3p might become a new direction for the treatment of osteosarcoma patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kai Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Zhilin Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiujiang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, China
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272
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Irisin and markers of metabolic derangement in non-diabetic Caucasian subjects with stage I-II obesity during early aging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229152. [PMID: 32069304 PMCID: PMC7028288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin concentrations are decreased in subjects with overt diabetes and upregulated in those with obesity or impaired fasting glucose. However, gender-balanced data in older populations, in whom risk factors commonly culminate in overt cardiovascular disease, are scarce. We assessed in non-diabetic Caucasian subjects with stage I-II obesity in the early aging range (50 to 70 years), the relationship between irisin, body composition and markers of metabolic derangement by gender. In 60 (31 women, 29 men) non-diabetics with a body mass index ≥30 - ≤40 kg/m2, we measured anthropometrics and body composition (Air Displacement Plethysmography). We assayed lipid and glucose profile by routine methods, plasma irisin by ELISA and measured insulin resistance by the HOMA index. Irisin levels were higher in women than in men (161 [105–198]) vs 83 [33–115] ng/ml, P<0.001), and correlated directly with HOMA index in both (rho 0.735, P<0.001 M, rho 0.452, P = 0.011 F). Sex differences were maintained across insulin resistance severity stages. In men, irisin concentrations correlated directly with body mass index (rho 0.755, P<0.001), waist circumference (rho 0.623, P<0.001), fat mass index (rho 0.762, P<0.001), glucose (rho 0.408, P = 0.028), the fatty liver index (rho 0.705, P<0.001) and FINDRISC score (rho 0.536, P = 0.003). Among non-diabetic Caucasian subjects with obesity in the early stages of aging, irisin levels reflect the amount of body fat and insulin resistance severity, independently of between-gender differences in the adipomyokine concentrations and are associated with markers of visceral adiposity in men but not in women.
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273
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Dąbrowski K, Kierach R, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Kukla M. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy due to pregnant intrahepatic cholestasis on chemerin and irisin levels. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13272. [PMID: 32061000 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the work was to assess changes in chemerin and irisin levels in women with diagnosed intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. The study group consisted of 50 patients with diagnosed and confirmed intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women at 24-25 weeks of pregnancy treatment by ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). The study also included a group of 40 pregnant women, without concomitant intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). In the pregnant ICP group, whole blood was collected 4 times: before the first dose of drug, 4 and 8 weeks after the first dose, and day after delivery. It was observed that statistically significant differences in the concentration of irisine occur between the time before starting treatment and the 8-week therapy and 1 day after delivery. The Pearson correlation analysis (r's) showed two statistically significant relationships (p < .05). The first of these can be found between the concentration of irisine and chemerin in the group of nonpregnant women and the second in the group of patients with intrahepatic pregnant cholestasis before the first dose of UDCA. A significant relationship between irisin and chemerin concentrations was confirmed in the group of pregnant ICP patients during UDCA acid therapy and among healthy pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafał Kierach
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Ward District Railway Hospital, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beniamin O Grabarek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Krakow Branch, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology in Zabrze, University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology in Zabrze, University of Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Katowice, Poland.,Faculty of Health Science, Public Higher Medical Professional School, Opole, Poland.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics with Gynecologic Oncology, Ludwik Rydygier Memorial Specialized Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Kukla
- Department of Endoscopy, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
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274
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McCormick JJ, Notley SR, Yardley JE, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP. Blunted circulating irisin in adults with type 1 diabetes during aerobic exercise in a hot environment: a pilot study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:679-682. [PMID: 32053388 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is a novel myokine associated with increased metabolism, which may be upregulated in type 1 diabetes (T1D) during exercise-heat stress. We therefore assessed serum irisin production in young adults with and without T1D during incremental exercise in dry-heat (35 °C). The change in irisin during exercise was lower in individuals with compared with without T1D (-1.79 (SEM 25.68) vs. 59.74 (SEM 79.63) pg/mL; p = 0.024), indicating that irisin expression during exercise-heat stress is blunted in T1D. Novelty We show that, when assessed in young adults with and without T1D during exercise-heat stress, serum irisin production is blunted in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J McCormick
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Sean R Notley
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jane E Yardley
- Augustana Faculty, University of Alberta, Camrose, AB T4V 2R3, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2T 5C7, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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275
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Albrecht E, Schering L, Buck F, Vlach K, Schober HC, Drevon CA, Maak S. Irisin: Still chasing shadows. Mol Metab 2020; 34:124-135. [PMID: 32180552 PMCID: PMC7033458 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Considerable uncertainty remains regarding the veracity of measuring myokine irisin more than seven years after its original description. Unresolved issues include the nature of transcription of the irisin precursor fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) gene across species, the reliability of irisin levels measured with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and the overall validity of the recently published reference values for human serum measured with quantitative mass spectrometry. We utilized multiple species and measures to evaluate the robustness of commonly used reagents and methods for reporting irisin. Methods Amplification of cDNA was used to assess the FNDC5 transcript patterns in humans and mice. The specificity and sensitivity of different irisin antibodies were examined via western blotting. Quantification of circulating native irisin was conducted with mass spectrometry using an absolute quantification peptide for irisin. Results We show that there is a greater transcript diversity of human FNDC5 than currently annotated, but no indication of the expression of transcripts leading to a truncated form of irisin. Available irisin antibodies still bind to patterns of unspecific serum proteins, which compromise reliable measurements of irisin with ELISAs. Absolute quantification of irisin with labeled peptides by mass spectrometry is an advanced method but requires a multi-step sample preparation introducing uncontrollable variations in the measurement. Conclusion Our data represent an explicit warning against measuring circulating irisin using available methods. Measuring irisin is akin to chasing shadows. Transcription pattern of the host FNDC5 gene is not conserved from mouse to human. Irisin antibodies detect neither circulating irisin nor FNDC5 in humans and mice. Sample preparation impairs exact quantification of irisin by mass spectrometry. Results on irisin levels in humans and mice are still unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Schering
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Vlach
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Municipal Hospital Suedstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Christof Schober
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Municipal Hospital Suedstadt Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany.
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276
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Abulmeaty MMA, Almajwal AM, Alam I, Razak S, ElSadek MF, Aljuraiban GS, Hussein KS, Malash AM. Relationship of Vitamin D-Deficient Diet and Irisin, and Their Impact on Energy Homeostasis in Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 11:25. [PMID: 32082189 PMCID: PMC7005576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Previous studies have identified the role of irisin and vitamin D in energy homeostasis. However, the effect of irisin and vitamin D on energy regulation has not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, in this study, the effects of a vitamin D-deficient diet and irisin on total energy expenditure (TEE), food intake, and blood metabolites were investigated in rats. Methods Sixteen healthy weaned male albino rats were randomly divided into two groups: a group fed a normal balanced growth diet (group A: n = 8) and a group fed a normocalcemic diet that is vitamin D deficient with limited ultraviolet (UV) light exposure (group B, n = 8). After 6 weeks, the volumes of respiratory gases were measured by open-circuit indirect calorimetry. Serum irisin, 25-OHVD3, calcium, insulin, and glucose levels were measured using ELISA. The respiratory quotient (RQ), energy expenditure, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Results Rats with hypovitaminosis D were hypoirisinemic. Food intake, RQ (to the range of using endogenous fat), and glucose levels reduced significantly, while insulin levels increased. Body weight and TEE were non-significant changed. Additionally, irisin was strongly and positively correlated with body weight under normal conditions (r = 0.905, p < 0.01), and a moderate negative correlation in group B (r = −0.429, p < 0.05). TEE and irisin showed no significant correlation. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the early changes in energy homeostasis and irisin levels during states of hypovitaminosis D are affected by long-term consumption of a vitamin D-deficient diet with limited UV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Mustafa Ali Abulmeaty
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ali M Almajwal
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar Alam
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhail Razak
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F ElSadek
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer S Aljuraiban
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulood S Hussein
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Malash
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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277
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Canivet CM, Bonnafous S, Rousseau D, Leclere PS, Lacas-Gervais S, Patouraux S, Sans A, Luci C, Bailly-Maitre B, Iannelli A, Tran A, Anty R, Gual P. Hepatic FNDC5 is a potential local protective factor against Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165705. [PMID: 32001301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteolytic cleavage of Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) generates soluble irisin. Initially described as being mainly produced in muscle during physical exercise, irisin mediates adipose tissue thermogenesis and also regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatic expression of FNDC5 and its role in hepatocytes in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFL). Here we report that hepatic expression of FNDC5 increased with hepatic steatosis and liver injury without impacting the systemic level of irisin in mouse models of NAFLD (HFD and MCDD) and in obese patients. The increased Fndc5 expression in fatty liver resulted from its upregulation in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in mice. The local production of Fndc5 in hepatocytes was influenced by genotoxic stress and p53-dependent pathways. The down-regulation of FNDC5 in human HepG2 cells and in primary mouse hepatocytes increased the expression of PEPCK, a key enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis associated with a decrease in the expression of master genes involved in the VLDL synthesis (CIDEB and APOB). These alterations in FNDC5-silenced cells resulted to increased steatosis and insulin resistance in response to oleic acid and N-acetyl glucosamine, respectively. The downregulation of Fndc5 also sensitized primary hepatocytes to apoptosis in response to TNFα, which has been associated with decreased hepatoprotective autophagic flux. In conclusion, our human and experimental data strongly suggest that the hepatic expression of FNDC5 increased with hepatic steatosis and its upregulation in hepatocytes could dampen the development of NAFLD by negatively regulating steatogenesis and hepatocyte death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence M Canivet
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Stéphanie Bonnafous
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Lacas-Gervais
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Commun de Microscopie Appliquée (CCMA), Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | - Stéphanie Patouraux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Sans
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Carmelo Luci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | - Antonio Iannelli
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Albert Tran
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Rodolphe Anty
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France.
| | - Philippe Gual
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, Nice, France.
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278
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Mai S, Grugni G, Mele C, Vietti R, Vigna L, Sartorio A, Aimaretti G, Scacchi M, Marzullo P. Irisin levels in genetic and essential obesity: clues for a potential dual role. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1020. [PMID: 31974460 PMCID: PMC6978420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin is conventionally regarded as a myokine involved in the browning of white adipose tissue, energy expenditure and glucose tolerance. Its potential link to fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction is debated. We sought to explore the relationship between circulating irisin and components of body composition in two different phenotypes of severe obesity. For this purpose, 30 obese adults with Prader-Will syndrome (PWS) (age 35.7 ± 1.5 y, BMI 45.5 ± 1.5 kg/m2) and 30 adult controls with common obesity (age 34.9 ± 1.7 y, BMI 46.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2) underwent analysis of irisin levels, metabolic profile, body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE). Normal irisin levels were obtained from a group of 20 lean donors (age 32.4 ± 1.5 y, BMI 23.8 ± 0.8 kg/m2). Expected differences in body composition and metabolic profile existed between study groups. PWS exhibited lower muscle mass (p < 0.001), FFM (p < 0.001), REE (p < 0.001), as well as insulin (p < 0.05), HOMA-IR (p < 0.05) and triglycerides levels (p < 0.05) than controls with common obesity. In PWS, irisin levels were significantly lower and overall less dispersed than in controls with common obesity (p < 0.05), while being similar to values recorded in lean subjects. To explore the relation between irisin and body composition in obesity, univariate correlation analysis in the obese populations as a whole showed positive associations between irisin and muscle mass (p = 0.03) as well as REE (p = 0.01), which disappeared when controlled for the PWS status. Noticeably, a positive association became evident between irisin and %FM after controlling for the PWS status (p = 0.02). Also positive were associations between irisin and insulin (p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (p = 0.02) and triglycerides (p = 0.04). In stepwise multivariable regression analysis, irisin levels were independently predicted by the PWS status (p = 0.001), %FM (p = 0.004) and triglycerides (p = 0.008). Current results suggest that obese adults with PWS harbor lower irisin levels than individuals with common obesity. The divergent models of obesity herein studied suggest a potential link between circulating irisin and muscle mass and metabolic dysfunction relating to adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mai
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy.
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy.,University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Vietti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy
| | - Luisella Vigna
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Laboratory of Clinical Neurobiology, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy.,University of Milan, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, via Commenda 19, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of General Medicine, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, via Cadorna 90, 28824, Piancavallo di Oggebbio, (VB), Italy.,University of Piemonte Orientale, Department of Translational Medicine, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
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279
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Rezuş E, Burlui A, Cardoneanu A, Rezuş C, Codreanu C, Pârvu M, Rusu Zota G, Tamba BI. Inactivity and Skeletal Muscle Metabolism: A Vicious Cycle in Old Age. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020592. [PMID: 31963330 PMCID: PMC7014434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable and gradually progressive process affecting all organs and systems. The musculoskeletal system makes no exception, elderly exhibit an increased risk of sarcopenia (low muscle mass),dynapenia (declining muscle strength), and subsequent disability. Whereas in recent years the subject of skeletal muscle metabolic decline in the elderly has been gathering interest amongst researchers, as well as medical professionals, there are many challenges yet to be solved in order to counteract the effects of aging on muscle function efficiently. Noteworthy, it has been shown that aging individuals exhibit a decline in skeletal muscle metabolism, a phenomenon which may be linked to a number of predisposing (risk) factors such as telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, sedentary behavior (leading to body composition alterations), age-related low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), hormonal imbalance, as well as a hypoproteic diet (unable to counterbalance the repercussions of the age-related increase in skeletal muscle catabolism). The present review aims to discuss the relationship between old age and muscle wasting in an effort to highlight the modifications in skeletal muscle metabolism associated with aging and physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rezuş
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexandra Burlui
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Cardoneanu
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Ciprian Rezuş
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Cătălin Codreanu
- Center for Rheumatic Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Mirela Pârvu
- Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy,“George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540139 Târgu Mureş, Romania;
| | - Gabriela Rusu Zota
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Center for Research and Development in Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700454 Iaşi, Romania;
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280
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Irisin Improves Autophagy of Aged Hepatocytes via Increasing Telomerase Activity in Liver Injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6946037. [PMID: 31976032 PMCID: PMC6959141 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6946037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An aged liver has decreased reparative capacity during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. A recent study showed that plasma irisin levels predict telomere length in healthy adults. The aim of the present study is to clarify the role of irisin, telomerase activity, and autophagy during hepatic IR in the elderly. To study this, hepatic IR was established in 22-month- and 3-month-old rats and primary hepatocytes were isolated. The results showed that the old rats exhibited more serious liver injury and lower levels of irisin expression, telomerase activity, autophagy ability, and mitochondrial function than young rats during hepatic IR. Irisin activated autophagy and improved mitochondrial function via increasing telomerase activity in aged hepatocytes. Inhibition of telomerase activity by BIBP1532 abolished the protective role of irisin in hepatocytes during hypoxia and reoxygenation. Additionally, this study proved irisin increased the telomerase activity via inhibition of the phosphorylation of JNK during hepatic IR. Administration of exogenous irisin significantly mitigated the inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and liver injury in an old rat model of hepatic IR. In conclusion, irisin improves autophagy of aged hepatocytes via increasing telomerase activity in hepatic IR. Irisin exhibits conspicuous benefits in increasing reparative capacity of an aged liver during hepatic IR.
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281
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Zhang R, Fu T, Zhao X, Qiu Y, Hu X, Shi H, Yin X. Association of Circulating Irisin Levels with Adiposity and Glucose Metabolic Profiles in a Middle-Aged Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4105-4112. [PMID: 33162755 PMCID: PMC7642586 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The myokine irisin has been proposed to affect obesity and metabolism disorders. However, data about the association of irisin with obesity and glucose metabolic status in humans remains controversial, and limited data are available concerning the Chinese population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum irisin concentrations and obesity, as well as glucose metabolic and cardiovascular factors in the middle-aged physical activity-matched Chinese Han race population. METHODS A total of 740 participants were included in this cross-sectional study, who were divided into a normal weight (NW) group, overweight/obese (OB) group, normal weight type 2 diabetes (DM-NW) group and overweight/obese diabetes (DM-OB) group, and physical activity was evaluated and matched for the four groups. Circulating irisin levels were analyzed and compared among the groups with different adiposity and glucose status. Linear regression analysis was performed to test the relationship between serum irisin and adiposity indices, glucose metabolic and other cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Circulating irisin levels were significantly correlated with higher levels of direct and indirect adiposity markers, including BMI, waist circumference and fat mass, and other cardiovascular risk factors, such as plasma triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (p < 0.01). Diabetes patients had lower irisin levels compared to non-diabetes participants, in either normal weight and obese group, resulting in a correlation of irisin with HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-IS (p < 0.01). Linear regression analysis demonstrated that irisin serum concentrations were independently associated with sex, BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and HOMA-IS (R2 = 0.465). CONCLUSION These data indicated that circulating irisin was affected by adiposity and glucose metabolism condition in the middle-aged Chinese population. The increase of irisin under conditions of obesity may indicate its physiological function to improve glucose tolerance which is often impaired in obese subjects, but this compensatory secretion of irisin seems likely to be progressing to a secretion failure once diabetes developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Qilu College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Qiu
- Department of Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Shi
- Department of Surgery, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiao Yin Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University Affiliated Jinan Central Hospital, Linong Road 8, 5-1-801, Jinan250013, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15318816220 Email
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282
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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283
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Serum Irisin Predicts Posthepatectomy Complications in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2019; 2019:9850191. [PMID: 31976024 PMCID: PMC6955133 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9850191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatectomy remains one of the most effective treatments for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, it can lead to serious complications. Irisin, a key regulator of energy metabolism, is secreted into the circulation by shedding of the extracellular portion of the fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5). We have shown that irisin administration alleviates liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. However, the role of preoperative irisin levels in HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how irisin expression changes in HCC and to explore the relationship between preoperative serum irisin levels and complications after hepatectomy. Methods FNDC5/irisin expression data in HCC were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. A total of 219 participants, including 102 healthy controls and 117 HCC patients, were recruited in this study. All HCC patients underwent hepatectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of the Xi'an Jiaotong University. Preoperative serum irisin levels were measured by ELISA. Postoperative complications were assessed using the comprehensive complication index (CCI) score. The Pearson rank correlation coefficient was computed to assess the correlation between preoperative serum irisin levels and postoperative CCI scores. Results In TCGA dataset, FNDC5/irisin expression was downregulated in HCC tissues (P < 0.001). Similarly, serum irisin levels were decreased in HCC patients (P < 0.001). Low preoperative serum irisin levels were significantly correlated with high CCI scores after hepatectomy. Conclusions Irisin may be a novel serum biomarker in the diagnosis of HCC and a predictor of complications after hepatectomy.
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284
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Tang L, Tong Y, Zhang F, Chen G, Zhang YC, Jobin J, Tong N. The association of circulating irisin with metabolic risk factors in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional community-based study. BMC Endocr Disord 2019; 19:147. [PMID: 31881940 PMCID: PMC6935078 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-019-0479-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin is a myokine that leads to increased energy expenditure by stimulating the browning of white adipose tissue. We aimed to investigate the association of serum irisin levels with metabolic parameters in middle aged Chinese population. METHODS The study was based on a cross-sectional analysis of data from 524 nondiabetic subjects aged 40~65. All participants were recruited from a screening survey for Metabolic Syndrome in a community in Southwest China, including 294 subjects categorized as overweight (defined as BMI≧25 kg/m2) and 230 subjects as normal control (defined as 18.5≦BMI < 25 kg/m2). Serum irisin concentration was quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship of irisin with metabolic factors was determined by Pearson correlation. Multivariate linear regression was used to analyze the association of irisin with insulin resistance. Logistic regression was performed to assess the association of irisin with odds of overweight. RESULTS Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in nondiabetic overweight subjects compared with control (11.46 ± 4.11vs14.78 ± 7.03 μg/mL, p = 0.02). Circulating irisin was positively correlated with quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI, r = 0.178, p = 0.045) and triglycerides (r = 0.149, p = 0.022); while irisin was negatively correlated with waist circumference (WC, r = - 0.185, p = 0.037), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, r = - 0.176, p = 0.047), fasting insulin (r = - 0.2, p = 0.024), serum creatinine (r = - 0.243, p = 0.006), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR, r = - 0.189, p = 0.033). Multiple linear regression showed that irisin was inversely associated with HOMA-IR (β = - 0.342 ± 0.154, p = 0.029). Higher irisin was associated with decreased odds of being overweight (OR = 0.281, β = - 1.271, p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS We found that serum irisin levels were lower in overweight subjects. Moreover, serum irisin levels were inversely correlated with adverse metabolic parameters including WC, WHR, creatinine, HOMA-IR and fasting insulin, suggesting that irisin may play a role in obesity related insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuzhen Tong
- Brescia University College, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Guilin Chen
- West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Cong Zhang
- College of medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - John Jobin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Nanwei Tong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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285
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Scudiero O, Pero R, Ranieri A, Terracciano D, Fimiani F, Cesaro A, Gentile L, Leggiero E, Laneri S, Moscarella E, Mazzaccara C, Frisso G, D'Alicandro G, Limongelli G, Pastore L, Calabrò P, Lombardo B. Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome. Clin Chem Lab Med 2019; 58:1385-1406. [PMID: 31821163 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, a significant increase of childhood obesity incidence unequally distributed within countries and population groups has been observed, thus representing an important public health problem associated with several health and social consequences. Obese children have more than a 50% probability of becoming obese adults, and to develop pathologies typical of obese adults, that include type 2-diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Also environmental factors, such as reduced physical activity and increased sedentary activities, may also result in increased caloric intake and/or decreased caloric expenditure. In the present review, we aimed to identify and describe a specific panel of parameters in order to evaluate and characterize the childhood obesity status useful in setting up a preventive diagnostic approach directed at improving health-related behaviors and identifying predisposing risk factors. An early identification of risk factors for childhood obesity could definitely help in setting up adequate and specific clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Scudiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Ranieri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Terracciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabio Fimiani
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Cesaro
- Divisione di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiotoraciche e Respiratorie, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sonia Laneri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Unità di Cardiologia, Ospedale "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzaccara
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni D'Alicandro
- Centro di Medicina dello Sport e delle Disabilità, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze e Riabilitazione, AORN, Santobono-Pausillipon, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.,Unità di Cardiologia, Ospedale "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano", Caserta, Italy
| | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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286
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Murao M, Imano T, Akiyama J, Kawakami T, Nakajima M. Effect of single bout downhill running on the serum irisin concentrations in rats. Growth Factors 2019; 37:257-262. [PMID: 32200682 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2020.1742118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the effect of different running modes on serum irisin concentrations in rats. A total of 18, 10-week-old rats were divided into three groups; control group, 16° uphill running group (concentric exercise; CON) and, -16° downhill running group (eccentric exercise; ECC). The running group's rats ran on the inclined treadmill at 16 m/min, for a total of 90 min. Blood was drawn from the rats, 48 h after running, after which the rats were anesthetized. The serum concentrations of irisin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Vastus intermedius was collected for immunohistochemical analysis. After multiple comparisons, the ECC showed a significantly high serum irisin concentration (ECC: 28.42 ± 6.31 ng/ml, CON: 21.27 ± 3.03 ng/ml) and a larger irisin antibody reactive cross-sectional area in vastus intermedius compared to the CON (p < 0.05). This is the first study to reveal that single bout downhill running increases serum irisin concentrations in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Murao
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Imano
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fukuyama Medical College, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Junichi Akiyama
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Kawakami
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakajima
- Graduate School of Health Science, Kibi International University, Takahashi, Japan
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287
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Christodoulatos GS, Spyrou N, Kadillari J, Psallida S, Dalamaga M. The Role of Adipokines in Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Perspectives. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:413-433. [PMID: 31637624 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00364-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current review shows evidence for the role of adipokines in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis summarizing the mechanisms underlying the association between adipokines and breast malignancy. Special emphasis is given also on intriguing insights into the relationship between obesity and BC as well as on the role of novel adipokines in BC development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence has underscored the role of the triad of obesity, insulin resistance, and adipokines in postmenopausal BC. Adipokines exert independent and joint effects on activation of major intracellular signal networks implicated in BC cell proliferation, growth, survival, invasion, and metastasis, particularly in the context of obesity, considered a systemic endocrine dysfunction characterized by chronic inflammation. To date, more than 10 adipokines have been linked to BC, and this catalog is continuously increasing. The majority of circulating adipokines, such as leptin, resistin, visfatin, apelin, lipocalin 2, osteopontin, and oncostatin M, is elevated in BC, while some adipokines such as adiponectin and irisin (adipo-myokine) are generally decreased in BC and considered protective against breast carcinogenesis. Further evidence from basic and translational research is necessary to delineate the ontological role of adipokines and their interplay in BC pathogenesis. More large-scale clinical and longitudinal studies are awaited to assess their clinical utility in BC prognosis and follow-up. Finally, novel more effective and safer adipokine-centered therapeutic strategies could pave the way for targeted oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Microbiology, KAT Hospital, 2 Nikis, Kifisia, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Spyrou
- 251 Airforce General Hospital, 3 Kanellopoulou, 11525, Athens, Greece
| | - Jona Kadillari
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Psallida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, KAT Hospital, 2 Nikis, Kifisia, 14561, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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288
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Karampela I, Christodoulatos GS, Dalamaga M. The Role of Adipose Tissue and Adipokines in Sepsis: Inflammatory and Metabolic Considerations, and the Obesity Paradox. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:434-457. [PMID: 31637623 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis has become a global health problem with rising incidence and high mortality, creating a substantial social and economic burden. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve outcome, but reliable sepsis biomarkers are lacking. This review summarizes current evidence of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking adipose tissue to sepsis and presents experimental and clinical data on adipokines and sepsis along with important insights into the obesity paradox in sepsis survival. RECENT FINDINGS Sepsis is characterized by significant alterations in circulating cytokines and adipokines, biologically active molecules produced by the adipose tissue, being implicated in metabolic and inflammatory processes. Although data are inconclusive regarding classic adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin, recent evidence have highlighted the striking elevation of resistin and visfatin in critical illness and sepsis as well as their association with sepsis severity and outcomes. Given that inflammatory and metabolic pathways are involved in sepsis, studying adipokines presents an attractive, innovative, and promising research field that may provide more powerful diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as novel therapeutic targets, empowering the therapeutic armamentarium for sepsis management in order to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Karampela
- Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini St, Haidari, 12462, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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289
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Ren Y, Qiu M, Zhang J, Bi J, Wang M, Hu L, Du Z, Li T, Zhang L, Wang Y, Lv Y, Wu Z, Wu R. Low Serum Irisin Concentration Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Acute Pancreatitis, and Irisin Administration Protects Against Experimental Acute Pancreatitis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:771-785. [PMID: 31250660 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is a serious condition without specific treatment. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AP. Irisin, a novel exercise-induced hormone, contributes to many health benefits of physical activity. We and others have shown that irisin protects against ischemia reperfusion-induced organ injury by alleviating mitochondrial damage. However, the role of irisin in AP has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of serum irisin levels in patients with AP and the effect of irisin administration in experimental AP. Results: Serum irisin levels were decreased in AP patients, and low serum irisin levels were associated with worse outcomes in these patients. Treatment with exogenous irisin increased survival and mitigated pancreatic injury in experimental AP. The protective effects of irisin in AP were associated with improvement in mitochondrial function and reduction in ER stress. Moreover, irisin upregulated UCP2 expression in the pancreas, and administration of genipin, a specific UCP2 antagonist, abolished irisin's beneficial effects in L-arginine-induced AP. Innovation and Conclusion: Low serum irisin was associated with poor outcomes in AP patients, and irisin administration protected against experimental AP by restoring mitochondrial function via activation of UCP2. Restoration of mitochondrial function by irisin may offer therapeutic potential for patients with AP. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 31, 771-785.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ren
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minglong Qiu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianbin Bi
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengzhou Wang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangshuo Hu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Teng Li
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Sajoux I, Lorenzo PM, Gomez-Arbelaez D, Zulet MA, Abete I, Castro AI, Baltar J, Portillo MP, Tinahones FJ, Martinez JA, Crujeiras AB, Casanueva FF. Effect of a Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet on Circulating Myokine Levels Compared with the Effect of Bariatric Surgery or a Low-Calorie Diet in Patients with Obesity. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102368. [PMID: 31590286 PMCID: PMC6835835 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
: The preservation of muscle mass and muscle function after weight loss therapy is currently a considerable challenge in the fight against obesity. Muscle mass secretes proteins called myokines that have relevant functions in the regulation of metabolism and health. This study was aimed to evaluate whether a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet may modulate myokine levels, in addition to changes in body composition, compared to a standard, balanced low-calorie (LC) diet or bariatric surgery in patients with obesity. Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and myokines were evaluated in 79 patients with overweight/obesity after a therapy to lose weight with a VLCK diet, a LC diet or bariatric surgery. The follow-up was 6 months. The weight loss therapies induced changes in myokine levels in association with changes in body composition and biochemical parameters. The effects on circulating myokine levels compared to those at baseline were stronger after the VLCK diet than LC diet or bariatric surgery. Differences reached statistical significance for IL-8, MMP2 and irisin. In conclusion, nutritional interventions or bariatric surgery to lose weight induces changes in circulating myokine levels, being this effect potentially most notable after following a VLCK diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Sajoux
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Medical Department Pronokal, Protein Supplies SL, Barcelona 08009, Spain.
| | - Paula M Lorenzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diego Gomez-Arbelaez
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Santander (UDES), 680003 Bucaramanga, Colombia.
| | - M Angeles Zulet
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra (UNAV) and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Itziar Abete
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra (UNAV) and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana I Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Baltar
- Division of General Surgery, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María P Portillo
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Lucio Lascaray Research Institute, 01005 Vitoria, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, |29010 Málaga, Spain.
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra (UNAV) and IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Program for Precision Nutrition, IMDEA, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratory of Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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291
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Nadimi H, Djazayery A, Javanbakht MH, Dehpour A, Ghaedi E, Derakhshanian H, Mohammadi H, Zarei M, Djalali M. The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Serum and Muscle Irisin Levels, and FNDC5 Expression in Diabetic Rats. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 8:236-243. [PMID: 32274395 PMCID: PMC7103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus and metabolic disorders are a major burden on the healthcare system. Irisin is a novel myokine reported to have beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency has been implicated in the development of diabetes and hold a critical role in diabetes-related complications. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on serum irisin levels, skeletal muscle irisin levels, and the expression of the irisin precursor, FNDC5 (fibronectin-type III domain-containing 5) in type I diabetes mellitus rats. METHODS Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (150 - 250 g) were randomly divided into four groups: group I: healthy control rats with no treatment (n=8), group II: healthy control rats receiving sesame oil as a placebo (n=8), group III: diabetic rats receiving sesame oil as placebo (n=10), group IV: diabetic rats treated with 4300 IU/kg/week vitamin D (n=10). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. At the end of the vitamin D intervention blood and triceps muscle samples were collected. RNA was extracted from muscle and real-time PCR was performed to examine FNDC5 gene expression. RESULTS Our study showed that the administration of vitamin D (4300 IU/kg/week) in a streptozotocin-diabetic rat model resulted in increased serum vitamin D levels, FNDC5 gene expression and muscle irisin levels. However, the levels of serum irisin were not significantly changed by the administration of vitamin D. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we show that vitamin D supplementation enhances serum vitamin D levels, FDNC5 gene expression and muscle irisin levels in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat model. Our study highlights the potential therapeutic effect of vitamin D supplementation for diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Nadimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ahmadreza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hoda Derakhshanian
- Department of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Genetics, Medical School, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Dietary supplements and probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Zarei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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292
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Lee J, Park J, Kim YH, Lee NH, Song KM. Irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222559. [PMID: 31518371 PMCID: PMC6743866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that has various physiological functions, such as roles in energy expenditure, glucose/lipid metabolism, and muscle development. In muscle development, myoblast proliferation is known to be a first step, and recent studies have reported that an increased irisin level is involved in the promotion of cell proliferation in various cell types, including myoblasts. However, the exact mechanism of action by which irisin promotes myoblast proliferation has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the pro-proliferative effect of irisin on C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanism of action. Irisin induced C2C12 cell proliferation and upregulated the mRNA levels of markers of proliferation Pcna, Mki67, and Mcm2. Irisin increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and U0126, an ERK pathway inhibitor, suppressed irisin-induced C2C12 cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analysis showed that Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 are potential downstream regulators of ERK signaling that promote C2C12 cell proliferation. Knockdown of Ccl7 revealed that irisin upregulates chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) and subsequently promotes C2C12 cell proliferation. These results suggest that irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation and may aid in understanding how irisin contributes to muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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293
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Castillo‐Armengol J, Fajas L, Lopez‐Mejia IC. Inter-organ communication: a gatekeeper for metabolic health. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47903. [PMID: 31423716 PMCID: PMC6726901 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidirectional interactions between metabolic organs in the periphery and the central nervous system have evolved concomitantly with multicellular organisms to maintain whole-body energy homeostasis and ensure the organism's adaptation to external cues. These interactions are altered in pathological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bioactive peptides and proteins, such as hormones and cytokines, produced by both peripheral organs and the central nervous system, are key messengers in this inter-organ communication. Despite the early discovery of the first hormones more than 100 years ago, recent studies taking advantage of novel technologies have shed light on the multiple ways used by cells in the body to communicate and maintain energy balance. This review briefly summarizes well-established concepts and focuses on recent advances describing how specific proteins and peptides mediate the crosstalk between gut, brain, and other peripheral metabolic organs in order to maintain energy homeostasis. Additionally, this review outlines how the improved knowledge about these inter-organ networks is helping us to redefine therapeutic strategies in an effort to promote healthy living and fight metabolic disorders and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative GenomicsUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
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294
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Ye X, Shen Y, Ni C, Ye J, Xin Y, Zhang W, Ren Y. Irisin reverses insulin resistance in C2C12 cells via the p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway. Peptides 2019; 119:170120. [PMID: 31351089 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental pathogenic factor shared by a myriad of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of IR is usually accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction. Irisin has been proposed to act as a hormone in the regulation of energy homeostasis and metabolism. However, the effects of irisin on IR and mitochondrial function have not yet been fully investigated. Here, our research shows that irisin increases glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblast cells via the p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-PGC-1α pathway. Irisin can also enhance mitochondrial function and mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, irisin stimulates autophagy via PGC-1α. Collectively, these data provide basic evidence to support the therapeutic potential of irisin for IR, which may rely on p38-MAPK-PGC-1α pathway activation and enhance mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - YiMin Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yubo Xin
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - YueZhong Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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295
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Ma EB, Sahar NE, Jeong M, Huh JY. Irisin Exerts Inhibitory Effect on Adipogenesis Through Regulation of Wnt Signaling. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1085. [PMID: 31507448 PMCID: PMC6714492 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine known to induce adipocyte browning through induction of uncoupling protein 1. Recent studies have reported that irisin is also an adipokine. However, there is limiting evidence on the role of endogenous irisin from adipocytes. In this study we aim to elucidate the expression and secretion pattern of irisin during adipocyte differentiation and the role of endogenous and exogenous irisin on the adipogenic process. As such, recombinant irisin, plasmid expressing FNDC5 and small interfering RNA were utilized. Our results show that the gene expression of irisin precursor FNDC5 and irisin secretion increases at the early stage of adipogenesis. Both recombinant irisin treated cells and FNDC5-overexpressed cells resulted in inhibition of adipogenesis evidenced by downregulated C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FABP4 expression and reduced lipid accumulation. Further data showed that the inhibitory effect of irisin on adipogenesis is mediated though potentiation of Wnt expression, which is known to determine the fate of mesenchymal stem cells and regulate adipogenesis. Conversely, FNDC5 knockdown cells showed downregulated Wnt expression, but failed to further induce adipogenesis. This study suggests that both exogenous and endogenous irisin is able to inhibit adipogenesis and that activation of Wnt and subsequent repression of transcription factors is partly involved in this process. This provides a novel insight on the local effect of irisin on adipocytes and additional benefit to protect against obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Namood E Sahar
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | | | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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296
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Rahmanabadi A, Mahboob S, Amirkhizi F, Hosseinpour-Arjmand S, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. Oral α-lipoic acid supplementation in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: effects on adipokines and liver histology features. Food Funct 2019; 10:4941-4952. [PMID: 31343010 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00449a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of adipokines in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and due to the possible beneficial effects of α-lipoic acid (α-LA) on these adipose-derived hormones, this study aimed to investigate the effect of α-LA supplementation on adipokines and liver steatosis in obese patients with NAFLD. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with two parallel groups, fifty patients with NAFLD were randomized to receive daily supplementation with either two capsules of α-LA (each capsule containing 600 mg α-LA) or two placebo capsules, daily for 12 weeks. At the baseline, all participants received consultation on how to implement a healthy diet into their daily lives. Anthropometric measures, dietary intakes, liver enzymes and adipokines were assessed at the baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. A significant reduction was observed in the serum levels of insulin (P = 0.024) and leptin (P = 0.019) in the α-LA group compared to the placebo group, but changes in anthropometric and body composition measures, serum glucose (FSG), resistin, irisin and liver enzymes did not differ between the groups. α-LA supplementation resulted in a statistically significant elevation in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.033), serum levels of adiponectin (P = 0.008) and adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (P = 0.007) compared to the placebo. The liver steatosis intensity improved significantly. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed between the study groups in the liver steatosis intensity, at the end of the study. According to the results, α-LA supplementation for 12 weeks improved insulin resistance, serum levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin without changing anthropometric measures, serum liver enzymes, resistin and irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmanabadi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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297
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Klepac K, Georgiadi A, Tschöp M, Herzig S. The role of brown and beige adipose tissue in glycaemic control. Mol Aspects Med 2019; 68:90-100. [PMID: 31283940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For the past decade, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been extensively studied as a potential therapy for obesity and metabolic diseases due to its thermogenic and glucose-consuming properties. It is now clear that the function of BAT goes beyond heat production, as it also plays an important endocrine role by secreting the so-called batokines to communicate with other metabolic tissues and regulate systemic energy homeostasis. However, despite numerous studies showing the benefits of BAT in rodents, it is still not clear whether recruitment of BAT can be utilized to treat human patients. Here, we review the advances on understanding the role of BAT in metabolism and its benefits on glucose and lipid homeostasis in both humans and rodents. Moreover, we discuss the latest methodological approaches to assess the contribution of BAT to human metabolism as well as the possibility to target BAT, pharmacologically or by lifestyle adaptations, to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Klepac
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Georgiadi
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Tschöp
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, Germany.
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298
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Jia J, Yu F, Wei WP, Yang P, Zhang R, Sheng Y, Shi YQ. Relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity: A meta-analysis. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1444-1455. [PMID: 31363472 PMCID: PMC6656672 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i12.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity.
AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity.
METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology.
RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls (random effects MD = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.22-1.05; P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa (random effects MD = 3.41; 95%CI: 1.23-5.59; P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls (random effects MD = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.28-1.43; P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Jia
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei-Ping Wei
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ren Zhang
- Department of Library of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yue Sheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yong-Qin Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
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299
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Zhang X, Hu C, Kong CY, Song P, Wu HM, Xu SC, Yuan YP, Deng W, Ma ZG, Tang QZ. FNDC5 alleviates oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via activating AKT. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:540-555. [PMID: 31209361 PMCID: PMC7206111 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis play critical roles in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. Previous studies indicated that fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) and its cleaved form, irisin, could preserve mitochondrial function and attenuate oxidative damage as well as cell apoptosis, however, its role in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity remains unknown. Our present study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of FNDC5 on oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiomyocyte-specific FNDC5 overexpression was achieved using an adeno-associated virus system, and then the mice were exposed to a single intraperitoneal injection of DOX (15 mg/kg) to generate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Herein, we found that FNDC5 expression was downregulated in DOX-treated murine hearts and cardiomyocytes. Fndc5 deficiency resulted in increased oxidative damage and apoptosis in H9C2 cells under basal conditions, imitating the phenotype of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in vitro, conversely, FNDC5 overexpression or irisin treatment alleviated DOX-induced oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we identified that FNDC5/Irisin activated AKT/mTOR signaling and decreased DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and moreover, we provided direct evidence that the anti-oxidant effect of FNDC5/Irisin was mediated by the AKT/GSK3β/FYN/Nrf2 axis in an mTOR-independent manner. And we also demonstrated that heat shock protein 20 was responsible for the activation of AKT caused by FNDC5/Irisin. In line with the data in acute model, we also found that FNDC5/Irisin exerted beneficial effects in chronic model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (5 mg/kg, i.p., once a week for three times, the total cumulative dose is 15 mg/kg) in mice. Based on these findings, we supposed that FNDC5/Irisin was a potential therapeutic agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Can Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chun-Yan Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Si-Chi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yu-Pei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhen-Guo Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Qi-Zhu Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, PR China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, 430060, Wuhan, PR China.
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Irisin Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Prevents the Memory and Cognitive Deterioration in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:1567179. [PMID: 31281225 PMCID: PMC6590589 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1567179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients experience memory and cognitive deficits. The mechanisms underlying this dysfunction in the brain of DM patients are not fully understood, and therefore, no optimized therapeutic strategy has been established so far. The aim of the present study was to assess whether irisin was able to improve memory and cognitive performance in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. A diabetic mouse model was established and behavioral tests were performed. We also set up primary cultures for mechanism studies. Western blots and EMSA were used for molecular studies. Significant impairment of cognition and memory was observed in these DM mice, which could be effectively prevented by irisin cotreatment. We also found upregulated levels of GFAP protein, reduced synaptic protein expression, and increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the brains; however, irisin significantly attenuated these cellular responses. Meanwhile, our results demonstrated that irisin inhibited the activation of P38, STAT3, and NFκB proteins of DM mice. Furthermore, our results suggested that irisin might regulate the function of P38, STAT3, and NFκB in hippocampal tissues of DM mice. Collectively, irisin inhibited neuroinflammation in STZ-induced DM mice by inhibiting cytokine release and improving their cognitive function. Our findings revealed the mechanism of irisin's anti-inflammatory effect in the CNS.
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