251
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Zabaleta ME. Mediterranean diet: Woman fertility and pregnancy. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eléxpuru Zabaleta
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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252
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Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051616. [PMID: 32131552 PMCID: PMC7084175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental illness is one of the fastest rising threats to public health, of which depression and anxiety disorders are increasing the most. Research shows that diet is associated with depressive symptoms or depression (depression). AIM This study aimed to investigate the diets impact on depression, by reviewing the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment interventions. METHOD A systematic review was conducted, and narrative synthesis analysis was performed. RESULT Twenty scientific articles were included in this review. The result showed that high adherence to dietary recommendations; avoiding processed foods; intake of anti-inflammatory diet; magnesium and folic acid; various fatty acids; and fish consumption had a depression. Public health professionals that work to support and motivate healthy eating habits may help prevent and treat depression based on the evidence presented in the results of this study. Further research is needed to strengthen a causal relationship and define evidence-based strategies to implement in prevention and treatment by public healthcare.
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253
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Emerson JA, Caulfield LE, Kishimata EM, Nzanzu JP, Doocy S. Mental health symptoms and their relations with dietary diversity and nutritional status among mothers of young children in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:225. [PMID: 32054476 PMCID: PMC7020353 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In developing countries, maternal mental health problems have been linked to sub-optimal child feeding practices and child underweight and stunting, but little is known about how maternal mental health is associated with mothers’ own diets and nutritional status. The objective of the study was to investigate the association between mental health symptoms and diet and nutritional status of mothers of young children in South Kivu, DR Congo. Methods Participants were 828 mothers of young children enrolled in a larger, quasi-experimental study evaluating a multi-year food security and nutrition project. The present analysis was conducted with cross-sectional data collected from 2015 to 2016. We assessed symptoms of anxiety and depression using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), using a four-point Likert scale. Mean scale scores were calculated ranging from one to four. A variable was created for high distress (participants scoring in the upper quartile of both measures). Dietary diversity scores were calculated from the number of food groups (range zero to ten) consumed the previous day, identified from an open recall. Nutritional status was measured by body mass index (BMI) and underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, or mid-upper arm circumference < 23 cm for pregnant women). Bivariate and multivariate (adjusting for parent study intervention group, education, age, health, parity, livelihoods zone, and territory of origin) regression analyses were conducted. Results Maternal mental health measures were positively and statistically significantly associated with higher dietary diversity scores in adjusted analyses (HSCL-25: ß= 0.18, p = 0.002, HTQ: ß= 0.12, p = 0.029, High Distress: ß= 0.47, p < 0.001). Mental health symptoms were not significantly associated with BMI (HSCL-25: ß = − 0.04, p = 0.824; HTQ: ß = 0.02, p = 0.913; High distress: ß= − 0.02, p = 0.938) or underweight (HSCL 25: OR = 0.91, p = 0.640; HTQ: OR = 1.03, p = 0.866; High distress: OR = 0.78, p = 0.489). Conclusions More severe maternal mental health symptoms were associated with higher dietary diversity but not nutritional status, and the reasons for these findings are not clear from available data. More research is needed to identify underlying factors that could influence mental health symptomatology and diet quality among food insecure and extremely resource-limited populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian A Emerson
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Laura E Caulfield
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Nzanzu
- Adventist Development and Relief Agency, Uvira, South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Shannon Doocy
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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254
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Mathee K, Cickovski T, Deoraj A, Stollstorff M, Narasimhan G. The gut microbiome and neuropsychiatric disorders: implications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:14-24. [PMID: 31821133 PMCID: PMC7440676 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) all relate to behavioural, cognitive and emotional disturbances that are ultimately rooted in disordered brain function. More specifically, these disorders are linked to various neuromodulators (i.e. serotonin and dopamine), as well as dysfunction in both cognitive and socio-affective brain networks. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut environment, and particularly the microbiome, plays a significant role in individual mental health. Although the presence of a gut-brain communication axis has long been established, recent studies argue that the development and regulation of this axis is dictated by the gut microbiome. Many studies involving both animals and humans have connected the gut microbiome with depression, anxiety and ASD. Microbiome-centred treatments for individuals with these same NPDs have yielded promising results. Despite its recent rise and underlying similarities to other NPDs, both biochemically and symptomatically, connections between the gut microbiome and ADHD currently lag behind those for other NPDs. We demonstrate that all evidence points to the importance of, and dire need for, a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the role of the gut microbiome in ADHD, to deepen our understanding of a condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Alok Deoraj
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Stollstorff
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts, Science and Education, Florida International University, Florida, USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Florida, USA
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255
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Głąbska D, Guzek D, Groele B, Gutkowska K. Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mental Health in Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E115. [PMID: 31906271 PMCID: PMC7019743 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of a properly balanced diet in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders has been suggested, while vegetables and fruits have a high content of nutrients that may be of importance in the case of depressive disorders. The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review of the observational studies analyzing association between fruit and vegetable intake and mental health in adults. The search adhered to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD42019138148). A search for peer-reviewed observational studies published until June 2019 was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases, followed by an additional manual search for publications conducted via analyzing the references of the found studies. With respect to the intake of fruit and/or vegetable, studies that assessed the intake of fruits and/or vegetables, or their processed products (e.g., juices), as a measure expressed in grams or as the number of portions were included. Those studies that assessed the general dietary patterns were not included in the present analysis. With respect to mental health, studies that assessed all the aspects of mental health in both healthy participants and subjects with physical health problems were included, but those conducted in groups of patients with intellectual disabilities, dementia, and eating disorders were excluded. To assess bias, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied. A total of 5911 studies were independently extracted by 2 researchers and verified if they met the inclusion criteria using a 2-stage procedure (based on the title, based on the abstract). After reviewing the full text, a total of 61 studies were selected. A narrative synthesis of the findings from the included studies was performed, which was structured around the type of outcome. The studies included mainly focused on depression and depressive symptoms, but also other characteristics ranging from general and mental well-being, quality of life, sleep quality, life satisfaction, flourishing, mood, self-efficacy, curiosity, creativity, optimism, self-esteem, stress, nervousness, or happiness, to anxiety, minor psychiatric disorders, distress, or attempted suicide, were analyzed. The most prominent results indicated that high total intake of fruits and vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups including berries, citrus, and green leafy vegetables, may promote higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy, as well as reduce the level of psychological distress, ambiguity, and cancer fatalism, and protect against depressive symptoms. However, it must be indicated that the studies included were conducted using various methodologies and in different populations, so their results were not always sufficiently comparable, which is a limitation. Taken together, it can be concluded that fruits and/or vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups, as well as processed fruits and vegetables, seems to have a positive influence on mental health, as stated in the vast majority of the included studies. Therefore, the general recommendation to consume at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may be beneficial also for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (K.G.)
| | - Barbara Groele
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Krystyna Gutkowska
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (D.G.); (K.G.)
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256
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Bidirectional associations between food groups and depressive symptoms: longitudinal findings from the Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:439-450. [PMID: 30588894 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518003203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated bidirectional associations between intake of food groups and depressive symptoms in 1058 Italian participants (aged 20-102 years) of the Invecchiare in Chianti study. Dietary intake, assessed with a validated FFQ, and depressive symptoms, measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D), were assessed at baseline and after 3, 6 and 9 years. Associations of repeated measurements of intakes of thirteen food groups with 3-year changes in depressive symptoms, and vice versa, were analysed using linear mixed models and logistic generalised estimating equations. Fish intake was inversely (quartile (Q)4 v. Q1, B=-0·97, 95 % CI -1·74, -0·21) and sweet food intake positively (Q4 v. Q1, B=1·03, 95 % CI 0·25, 1·81) associated with subsequent CES-D score. In the other direction, higher CES-D scores were associated with decreases in intakes of vegetables (ratio: 0·995, 95 % CI 0·990, 0·999) and red and processed meat (B=-0·006, 95 % CI -0·010, -0·001), an increase in dairy product intake (ratio: 1·008, 95 % CI 1·004, 1·013), and increasing odds of eating savoury snacks (OR: 1·012, 95 % CI 1·000, 1·024). Fruit, nuts and legumes, potatoes, wholegrain bread, olive oil, sugar-sweetened beverages, and coffee and tea were not significantly associated in either direction. Our study confirmed bidirectional associations between food group intakes and depressive symptoms. Fish and sweet food intakes were associated with 3-year improvement and deterioration in depressive symptoms, respectively. Depressive symptoms were associated with 3-year changes in vegetable, meat, dairy product and savoury snack intakes. Trials are necessary to examine the causal associations between food groups and depression.
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257
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Hockey M, McGuinness AJ, Marx W, Rocks T, Jacka FN, Ruusunen A. Is dairy consumption associated with depressive symptoms or disorders in adults? A systematic review of observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3653-3668. [PMID: 31868529 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1703641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet quality is associated with depression risk, however the possible role of dairy products in depression risk is unclear. A number of epidemiological studies have examined associations between dairy consumption and depressive symptoms, but results have been inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to examine whether an association exists between dairy consumption and depressive symptoms or disorders in adults. Anxiety symptoms were also explored as a secondary outcome. CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE complete, EMBASE, Scopus and PsycINFO databases were searched from database inception to December 2018. Studies were included if they used a case-control, cross-sectional, or cohort study design, and included community dwelling or institutionalized adults (≥18 years). Seven prospective and six cross-sectional studies (N = 58,203 participants) reported on the association between dairy consumption and depressive symptoms or disorders. Findings were mixed, with one study reporting a positive association; five studies reporting no association; and seven studies reporting mixed associations depending on dairy type, gender or population group. We found conflicting and inconsistent associations in studies that were generally of fair quality. Future longitudinal and intervention studies that employ more rigorous dietary assessment methods are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Hockey
- Food & Mood Centre, iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Amelia J McGuinness
- Food & Mood Centre, iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Marx
- Food & Mood Centre, iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tetyana Rocks
- Food & Mood Centre, iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Food & Mood Centre, iMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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258
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The need for short and validated questionnaires to evaluate dietary patterns (DPs) and mental distress in clinical and research settings is increasing. AIM The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ) to assess DPs in relation to mental distress. METHOD A standard validation protocol that included item development, pilot-testing, test-retesting, and a series of statistical validation analyses was used. Content, face, internal, construct and external validity as well as reliability were confirmed. Content and face validity were evaluated qualitatively. RESULTS Principal component analysis (PCA) for construct validity generated five sub-scales which reflected internal consistency (Cronbach's α > 0.70) and internal reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ranged between 0.619 and 0.884; p < 0.01; confidence interval 95%). External validity was also confirmed. A total of 563 participants from four different continents completed the survey online. PCA generated five different subscales. Mental distress was associated with regular consumption of fast-food, a DP known to induce anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION The FMQ is a validated and a reliable tool with many potential applications that could be used with prophylactic and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Begdache
- Department of Health and Wellness Studies, Binghamton University, NY, USA
| | - Rani Marhaba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, NY, USA
| | - Maher Chaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Binghamton University, NY, USA
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259
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Adan RAH, van der Beek EM, Buitelaar JK, Cryan JF, Hebebrand J, Higgs S, Schellekens H, Dickson SL. Nutritional psychiatry: Towards improving mental health by what you eat. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1321-1332. [PMID: 31735529 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Does it matter what we eat for our mental health? Accumulating data suggests that this may indeed be the case and that diet and nutrition are not only critical for human physiology and body composition, but also have significant effects on mood and mental wellbeing. While the determining factors of mental health are complex, increasing evidence indicates a strong association between a poor diet and the exacerbation of mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, as well as other neuropsychiatric conditions. There are common beliefs about the health effects of certain foods that are not supported by solid evidence and the scientific evidence demonstrating the unequivocal link between nutrition and mental health is only beginning to emerge. Current epidemiological data on nutrition and mental health do not provide information about causality or underlying mechanisms. Future studies should focus on elucidating mechanism. Randomized controlled trials should be of high quality, adequately powered and geared towards the advancement of knowledge from population-based observations towards personalized nutrition. Here, we provide an overview of the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, exploring the scientific evidence exemplifying the importance of a well-balanced diet for mental health. We conclude that an experimental medicine approach and a mechanistic understanding is required to provide solid evidence on which future policies on diet and nutrition for mental health can be based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A H Adan
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- Suzanne Higgs School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience and APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L Dickson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 11, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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260
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Coudron O. Rôle de la nutrition et de la micronutrition dans la lutte contre les troubles de l’humeur. ACTUALITES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actpha.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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261
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Dawson SL, Craig JM, Clarke G, Mohebbi M, Dawson P, Tang ML, Jacka FN. Targeting the Infant Gut Microbiota Through a Perinatal Educational Dietary Intervention: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e14771. [PMID: 31638593 PMCID: PMC6914305 DOI: 10.2196/14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early life gut microbiota are an important regulator of the biological pathways contributing toward the pathogenesis of noncommunicable disease. It is unclear whether improvements to perinatal diet quality could alter the infant gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of a perinatal educational dietary intervention in influencing gut microbiota in mothers and infants 4 weeks after birth. METHODS The Healthy Parents, Healthy Kids randomized controlled trial aimed to recruit 90 pregnant women from Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. At week 26 of gestation, women were randomized to receive dietary advice from their doctor (n=45), or additionally receive a dietary intervention (n=45). The intervention included an educational workshop and 2 support calls aiming to align participants' diets with the Australian Dietary Guidelines and increase intakes of prebiotic and probiotic foods. The educational design focused on active learning and self-assessment. Behavior change techniques were used to support dietary adherence, and the target behavior was eating for the gut microbiota. Exclusion criteria were age under 18 years, diagnosed mental illnesses, obesity, diabetes mellitus, diagnosed bowel conditions, exclusion diets, illicit drug use, antibiotic use, prebiotic or probiotic supplementation, and those lacking dietary autonomy. The primary outcome measure is a between-group difference in alpha diversity in infant stool collected 4 weeks after birth. Secondary outcomes include evaluating the efficacy of the intervention in influencing infant and maternal stool microbial composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations, epigenetic profile, and markers of inflammation and stress, as well as changes in maternal dietary intake and well-being. The study and intervention feasibility and acceptance will also be evaluated as secondary outcomes. RESULTS The study results are yet to be written. The first participant was enrolled on July 28, 2016, and the final follow-up assessment was completed on October 11, 2017. CONCLUSIONS Data from this study will provide new insights regarding the ability of interventions targeting the perinatal diet to alter the maternal and infant gut microbiota. If this intervention is proven, our findings will support larger studies aiming to guide the assembly of gut microbiota in early life. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian Clinical Trials Registration Number ACTRN12616000936426; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=370939. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L Dawson
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Environmental & Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Phillip Dawson
- Centre for Research in Assessment and Digital Learning, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mimi Lk Tang
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, New South Wales, Australia
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262
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Translation of a Mediterranean-Style Diet into the Australian Dietary Guidelines: A Nutritional, Ecological and Environmental Perspective. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102507. [PMID: 31635208 PMCID: PMC6835345 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has been widely investigated and promoted as one of the 'healthiest' dietary patterns with respect to reductions in chronic disease risk and longevity. Moreover, it also emphasizes a plant-based dietary pattern consistent with an environmentally sustainable healthy reference diet conveyed by the EAT-Lancet Commission report. Nevertheless, the MedDiet does not exclude, but rather moderates consumption of animal-based foods, and therefore has emerged as a dietary pattern that could address both health and environmental concerns. However, whether non-Mediterranean countries such as Australia can adhere to such dietary principles is less clear. In this narrative review, we present evidence from eight randomized control trials conducted in Australia which demonstrates impressive and sustained adherence to a MedDiet intervention. However, we also report heterogeneity in the dietary protocols and prescriptive interpretation of a MedDiet across all studies presented in this review, making interpretations of the efficacy and adherence challenging. Based on the observable health benefits, translating key dietary elements of a Mediterranean-style diet within the Australian population remains attractive. However, adapting or modernizing traditional dietary patterns to satisfy the population's nutritional requirements and/or acceptability warrants further exploration.
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263
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Dietary Patterns Vary by Depressive Symptom Severity in Youth With Depressive Disorders. TOP CLIN NUTR 2019. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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264
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Fish Oil, but Not Olive Oil, Ameliorates Depressive-Like Behavior and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Rats under Chronic Mild Stress. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100516. [PMID: 31546592 PMCID: PMC6843453 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the effects of fish oil and olive oil in improving dysbiosis and depressive-like symptoms. Methods and results: Male rats were fed normal, fish oil-rich or olive oil-rich diets for 14 weeks. Chronic mild stress (CMS) was administered from week 2. The sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST) were used to determine depressive-like behavior. The SPT results revealed that the CMS, CMS with imipramine (CMS+P) treatment, and CMS with olive oil diet (CMS+O) groups exhibited significantly reduced sucrose intake from week 8, whereas the fish oil diet (CMS+F) group exhibited significantly reduced sucrose intake from week 10. The FST results showed that the immobile time of the CMS+F group was significantly less than that of the CMS-only group. Next generation sequencing (NGS) results showed CMS significantly reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased that of Marvinbryantia and Ruminiclostridium_6. However, the CMS+F group showed an increase in the abundance of Eisenbergiella, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_009, and Holdemania, whereas the CMS+O group showed an increase in the abundance of Akkermansia. Conclusions: CMS stimuli altered the gut microbiome in depressed rats. Fish oil and olive oil exerted part of a prebiotic-like effect to ameliorate dysbiosis induced by CMS. However, only fish oil ameliorated depressive-like symptoms.
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265
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Long-Smith C, O'Riordan KJ, Clarke G, Stanton C, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: New Therapeutic Opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 60:477-502. [PMID: 31506009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional fields of pharmacology and toxicology are beginning to consider the substantial impact our gut microbiota has on host physiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is emerging as a particular area of interest and a potential new therapeutic target for effective treatment of central nervous system disorders, in addition to being a potential cause of drug side effects. Microbiota-gut-brain axis signaling can occur via several pathways, including via the immune system, recruitment of host neurochemical signaling, direct enteric nervous system routes and the vagus nerve, and the production of bacterial metabolites. Altered gut microbial profiles have been described in several psychiatric and neurological disorders. Psychobiotics, live biotherapeutics or substances whose beneficial effects on the brain are bacterially mediated, are currently being investigated as direct and/or adjunctive therapies for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders and possibly for neurodegenerative disease, and they may emerge as new therapeutic options in the clinical management of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; .,Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; .,Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; .,Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; .,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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266
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Linking What We Eat to Our Mood: A Review of Diet, Dietary Antioxidants, and Depression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090376. [PMID: 31491962 PMCID: PMC6769512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that diet and nutrition play significant roles in the prevention of depression and its clinical treatment. The present review aims to provide a clear understanding of the associations between diet patterns, specific foods, nutrients such as antioxidants, and depression. As a result, balanced dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet and certain foods such as fish, fresh vegetables, and fruits have been associated with a lower risk of depression or depressive symptoms, while high-fat Western diets and sugar-sweetened beverages have been associated with higher risk of depression or depressive symptoms. Dietary antioxidants such as green tea polyphenols or isoflavonoid intake have been negatively associated with depression or depressive symptoms. It is concluded that diet patterns, specific foods, and antioxidants play important roles in the prevention and clinical treatment of depression.
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267
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Lee JE, Kim YJ, Park HJ, Park S, Kim H, Kwon O. Association of recommended food score with depression, anxiety, and quality of life in Korean adults: the 2014-2015 National Fitness Award Project. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:956. [PMID: 31315605 PMCID: PMC6637724 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy diet is a key determinant of an individual's health status and is closely related to mental health and quality of life (QoL); however, the exact nature of the relationship is unknown. This study hypothesized that a higher diet quality score is associated with a lower observance of symptoms of depression and anxiety and a higher QoL. METHODS This study evaluated 1,295 adults (521 men; 774 women) aged 19-64 years, who participated in the 2014-2015 National Fitness Award Project. Diet quality was measured by the recommended food score (RFS), and mental health and QoL were assessed by the beck depression inventory (BDI), beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and the World Health Organization QoL-Brief (WHOQoL-BREF). RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, the individuals with depression had a significantly lower RFS value compared to those without depression, and the group with a QoL score above the median had a higher RFS value than the group with a QoL score below the median. These trends occurred in both men and women. Subjects in the highest tertile of RFS showed a lower odds of depression (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.32-0.81, p-trend = 0.0043) and a QoL score below the median (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.30-0.54, p-trend < 0.0001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. The RFS was not associated with anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that higher diet quality may be associated with lower depressive symptoms and a better QoL in Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Eun Lee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yuhan University, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, The Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03760 Republic of Korea
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268
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Wade AT, Davis CR, Dyer KA, Hodgson JM, Woodman RJ, Keage HAD, Murphy KJ. A Mediterranean Diet with Fresh, Lean Pork Improves Processing Speed and Mood: Cognitive Findings from the MedPork Randomised Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1521. [PMID: 31277446 PMCID: PMC6683093 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mediterranean diet may be capable of improving cognitive function. However, the red meat restrictions of the diet could impact long-term adherence in Western populations. The current study therefore examined the cognitive effects of a Mediterranean diet with additional red meat. METHODS A 24-week parallel crossover design compared a Mediterranean diet with 2-3 weekly servings of fresh, lean pork (MedPork) and a low-fat (LF) control diet. Thirty-five participants aged between 45 and 80 years and at risk of cardiovascular disease followed each intervention for 8 weeks, separated by an 8-week washout period. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Psychological well-being was measured through the SF-36 Health Survey and mood was measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS). RESULTS During the MedPork intervention, participants consumed an average of 3 weekly servings of fresh pork. Compared to LF, the MedPork intervention led to higher processing speed performance (p = 0.01) and emotional role functioning (p = 0.03). No other significant differences were observed between diets. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that a Mediterranean diet inclusive of fresh, lean pork can be adhered to by an older non-Mediterranean population while leading to positive cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Wade
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 5001 Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Courtney R Davis
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Dyer
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Richard J Woodman
- Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, 5042 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hannah A D Keage
- Cognitive Ageing and Impairment Neurosciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 5001 Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, 5005 Adelaide, Australia
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269
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Lassale C, Batty GD, Baghdadli A, Jacka F, Sánchez-Villegas A, Kivimäki M, Akbaraly T. Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:965-986. [PMID: 30254236 PMCID: PMC6755986 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With depression being the psychiatric disorder incurring the largest societal costs in developed countries, there is a need to gather evidence on the role of nutrition in depression, to help develop recommendations and guide future psychiatric health care. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the link between diet quality, measured using a range of predefined indices, and depressive outcomes. Medline, Embase and PsychInfo were searched up to 31st May 2018 for studies that examined adherence to a healthy diet in relation to depressive symptoms or clinical depression. Where possible, estimates were pooled using random effect meta-analysis with stratification by observational study design and dietary score. A total of 20 longitudinal and 21 cross-sectional studies were included. These studies utilized an array of dietary measures, including: different measures of adherence to the Mediterranean diet, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and Alternative HEI (AHEI), the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and the Dietary Inflammatory Index. The most compelling evidence was found for the Mediterranean diet and incident depression, with a combined relative risk estimate of highest vs. lowest adherence category from four longitudinal studies of 0.67 (95% CI 0.55-0.82). A lower Dietary Inflammatory Index was also associated with lower depression incidence in four longitudinal studies (relative risk 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63-0.92). There were fewer longitudinal studies using other indices, but they and cross-sectional evidence also suggest an inverse association between healthy diet and depression (e.g., relative risk 0.65; 95% CI 0.50-0.84 for HEI/AHEI). To conclude, adhering to a healthy diet, in particular a traditional Mediterranean diet, or avoiding a pro-inflammatory diet appears to confer some protection against depression in observational studies. This provides a reasonable evidence base to assess the role of dietary interventions to prevent depression. This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews under the number CRD42017080579.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lassale
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - G David Batty
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Department of Psychiatry & Autism Resources Centre, University Hospital of Montpellier, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34000, France
- INSERM, U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, France
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Almudena Sánchez-Villegas
- Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Ciber de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBER OBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tasnime Akbaraly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry & Autism Resources Centre, University Hospital of Montpellier, CHRU de Montpellier, F-34000, France
- MMDN, University of Montpellier, EPHE, INSERM, U1198, Montpellier, F-34095, France
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270
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Firth J, Veronese N, Cotter J, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Ee C, Smith L, Stubbs B, Jackson SE, Sarris J. What Is the Role of Dietary Inflammation in Severe Mental Illness? A Review of Observational and Experimental Findings. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:350. [PMID: 31156486 PMCID: PMC6529779 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe mental illnesses (SMI), including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, are associated with increased inflammation. Given diet's role in modulating inflammatory processes, excessive calorie-dense, nutrient-deficient processed food intake may contribute toward the heightened inflammation observed in SMI. This review assesses the evidence from observational and experimental studies to investigate how diet may affect physical and mental health outcomes in SMI through inflammation-related pathways. Cross-sectional studies indicate that individuals with SMI, particularly schizophrenia, consume more pro-inflammatory foods and fewer anti-inflammatory nutrients than the general population. Cohort studies indicate that high levels of dietary inflammation are associated with increased risk of developing depression, but there is currently a lack of evidence for schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Randomized controlled trials show that dietary interventions improve symptoms of depression, but none have tested the extent to which these benefits are due to changes in inflammation. This review summarizes evidence on dietary inflammation in SMI, explores the directionality of these links, and discusses the potential use of targeted nutritional interventions for improving psychological well-being and physical health outcomes in SMI. Establishing the extent to which diet explains elevated levels of inflammatory markers observed in SMI is a priority for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Research Hospital, IRCCS “S. de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, Italy
- Aging Branch, Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Jack Cotter
- Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James R. Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Connecting Health Innovations LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Carolyn Ee
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Jackson
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Sarris
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, The Melbourne Clinic Professorial Unit, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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271
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It is time to investigate integrative approaches to enhance treatment outcomes for depression? Med Hypotheses 2019; 126:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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272
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Emerson SD, Carbert NS. An apple a day: Protective associations between nutrition and the mental health of immigrants in Canada. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:567-578. [PMID: 30353410 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mental illness represents a major public health burden among Canada's large immigrant population. A burgeoning cross-sectional, longitudinal, and experimental evidence base implicates nutrition in mental health. Healthier diets (e.g., those rich in certain micro-nutrients) may benefit cognitive, social, and emotional functioning through attenuated inflammation and other bio-psychological pathways. The present study examined associations between nutrition and three markers of mental health among immigrants to Canada. METHODS Employing cross-sectional data from immigrant respondents (n = 37,071) to a nationally representative population-based survey (the Canadian Community Health Survey: CCHS 2011-2014), we modelled associations of daily fruit and vegetable consumption with three mental health outcomes: anxiety and/or mood disorder diagnosis, being distressed (assessed via the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale), and having good self-rated overall mental health. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed, adjusting for various socio-demographic and lifestyle-related variables. RESULTS Higher consumption of fruit and vegetables demonstrated significant, protective associations with odds of having a mood and/or anxiety disorder, being distressed, and self-rated good mental health. Such patterns of association were similar regardless of ethno-cultural minority status and recency of immigration. Moreover, the protective associations of nutrition and mental health were independent of socio-demographic, health, and lifestyle factors. CONCLUSIONS Results suggested evidence of protective associations between healthy nutritional intake and mental illness among a large-scale sample of immigrants in Canada. Importantly, the protective associations of healthier diets with immigrants' mental health were independent of various markers of healthy lifestyles (e.g., general health status, physical activity, alcohol use). Healthy dietary intake may, therefore, be worth consideration in efforts to prevent mental illness among immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Emerson
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| | - Nicole S Carbert
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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273
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Gibson-Smith D, Bot M, Brouwer IA, Visser M, Giltay EJ, Penninx BWJH. Association of food groups with depression and anxiety disorders. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:767-778. [PMID: 30945032 PMCID: PMC7058560 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been associated with fewer depressive symptoms, however, it is unknown whether this is attributed to some or to all components. We examined the association between the individual food groups of the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), in isolation and in combination, with depression and anxiety (symptom severity and diagnosis). METHODS Data from 1634 adults were available from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Eleven energy-adjusted food groups were created from a 238-item food frequency questionnaire. In regression analysis, these were associated in isolation and combination with (1) depressive and anxiety disorders (established with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview) (current disorder n = 414), and (2) depression and anxiety severity [measured with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Fear Questionnaire (FEAR)]. RESULTS Overall, the MDS score shows the strongest relationships with depression/anxiety [Diagnosis: odds ratio (OR) 0.77 per SD, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66-0.90, IDS: standardised betas (β) - 0.13, 95% CI - 0.18, - 0.08] and anxiety (BAI: β - 0.11, 95% CI - 0.16, - 0.06, FEAR: β - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.13, - 0.03). Greater consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables was associated with lower depression and anxiety severity, whilst being a non-drinker was associated with higher symptom severity. Higher fruit and vegetable intake was associated with lower fear severity. Non-refined grain consumption was associated with lower odds and being a non-drinker with greater odds of current depression/anxiety disorders compared to healthy controls, these associations persisted after adjustment for other food groups (OR 0.82 per SD, 95% CI 0.71-0.96, OR 1.26 per SD 95% CI 1.08-1.46). CONCLUSION We can conclude that non-refined grains, vegetables and alcohol intake appeared to be the driving variables for the associated the total MDS score and depression/anxiety. However, the combined effect of the whole diet remains important for mental health. It should be explored whether an increase consumption of non-refined grains and vegetables may help to prevent or reduce depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Gibson-Smith
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Bot
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erik J Giltay
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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274
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Firth J, Marx W, Dash S, Carney R, Teasdale SB, Solmi M, Stubbs B, Schuch FB, Carvalho AF, Jacka F, Sarris J. The Effects of Dietary Improvement on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychosom Med 2019; 81:265-280. [PMID: 30720698 PMCID: PMC6455094 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor diet can be detrimental to mental health. However, the overall evidence for the effects of dietary interventions on mood and mental well-being has yet to be assessed. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining effects of dietary interventions on symptoms of depression and anxiety. METHODS Major electronic databases were searched through March 2018 for all randomized controlled trials of dietary interventions reporting changes in symptoms of depression and/or anxiety in clinical and nonclinical populations. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to determine effect sizes (Hedges' g with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) for dietary interventions compared with control conditions. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored using subgroups and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Results: Sixteen eligible randomized controlled trials (published in English) with outcome data for 45,826 participants were included; the majority of which examined samples with nonclinical depression (n = 15 studies). Nonetheless, dietary interventions significantly reduced depressive symptoms (g = 0.162, 95% CI = 0.055 to 0.269, p = 0.003). Similar effects were observed among high-quality trials (g = 0.171, 95% C.I.=0.057 to 0.286, p=0.003) and when compared with both inactive (g = 0.114, 95% C.I.=0.008 to 0.219, p=0.035) and active controls (g = 0.224, 95% C.I.= 0.052 to 0.397, p = 0.011). No effect of dietary interventions was observed for anxiety (k = 11, n = 2270, g = 0.085, 95% C.I. = -0.031 to 0.202, p=0.151). Studies with female samples observed significantly greater benefits from dietary interventions, for symptoms of both depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Dietary interventions hold promise as a novel intervention for reducing symptoms of depression across the population. Future research is required to determine the specific components of dietary interventions that improve mental health, explore underlying mechanisms, and establish effective schemes for delivering these interventions in clinical and public health settings. REGISTRATION PROSPERO Online Protocol: CRD42018091256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- From the NICM Health Research Institute (Firth, Sarris), Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia; Division of Psychology and Mental Health (Firth, Carney), Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Deakin University (Marx, Dash, Jacka), Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (Dash), Metabolic and Vascular Physiology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Youth Mental Health Research Unit (Carney), Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Psychiatry (Teasdale), Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Keeping the Body in Mind Program (Teasdale), South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Neurosciences Department (Solmi), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Padua University Hospital (Solmi), Psychiatry Unit, Padua, Italy; Physiotherapy Department (Stubbs), South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine (Stubbs), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Post Graduate Program in Health and Human Development (Schuch), La Salle University, Canoas, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (Schuch), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry (Carvalho), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)(Carvalho), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Black Dog Institute (Jacka), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute (Jacka), Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Psychiatry (Sarris), University of Melbourne, Professorial Unit, The Melbourne Clinic, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bot M, Brouwer IA, Roca M, Kohls E, Penninx BWJH, Watkins E, van Grootheest G, Cabout M, Hegerl U, Gili M, Owens M, Visser M. Effect of Multinutrient Supplementation and Food-Related Behavioral Activation Therapy on Prevention of Major Depressive Disorder Among Overweight or Obese Adults With Subsyndromal Depressive Symptoms: The MooDFOOD Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321:858-868. [PMID: 30835307 PMCID: PMC6439597 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Effects of nutritional interventions on the prevention of major depressive disorder (MDD) in overweight adults are unknown. Objective To examine the effect of 2 nutritional strategies (multinutrient supplementation, food-related behavioral activation therapy) and their combination for prevention of a new MDD episode in overweight adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants This multicenter 2 × 2 factorial randomized clinical trial included overweight adults (body mass index, 25-40) with elevated depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] scores ≥5) and no MDD episode in the past 6 months from 4 European countries. A total of 1025 adults were randomized (July 30, 2015-October 12, 2016) and followed up for 1 year (October 13, 2017). Interventions Daily multinutrient supplements (1412-mg omega-3 fatty acids, 30-μg selenium, 400-μg folic acid, and 20-μg vitamin D3 plus 100-mg calcium) vs placebo and 21 individual or group therapy sessions vs none (blinded to researchers) for 1 year. Participants were allocated to placebo without therapy (n = 257), placebo with therapy (n = 256), supplements without therapy (n = 256), and supplements with therapy (n = 256). Main Outcome and Measures Cumulative 1-year onset of MDD via the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview at 3, 6, and 12 months. Logistic regression using effect-coded variables (-1 indicating control, 1 indicating intervention) evaluated intervention effects both individually and in combination (interaction) on MDD onset. Results Among 1025 participants (mean age, 46.5 years; 772 women [75%]; mean BMI, 31.4), 779 (76%) completed the trial. During the 12-month follow-up, 105 (10%) developed MDD: 25 (9.7%) patients in the placebo without therapy, 26 (10.2%) in the placebo with therapy, 32 (12.5%) in the supplement without therapy, and 22 (8.6%) in the supplement with therapy group. None of the treatment strategies affected MDD onset. The odds ratio (OR) for supplements was 1.06 (95% CI, 0.87-1.29); for therapy, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76-1.13); and for their combination, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.76-1.14; P for interaction, .48). One person in the supplementation with therapy group, died. Twenty-four patients in each of the placebo groups and 24 patients in the supplementation with therapy group were hospitalized, and 26 patients in the supplementation-only group were hospitalized. Conclusions and Relevance Among overweight or obese adults with subsyndromal depressive symptoms, multinutrient supplementation compared with placebo and food-related behavioral activation therapy compared with no therapy did not reduce episodes of major depressive disorder during 1 year. These findings do not support the use of these interventions for prevention of major depressive disorder. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02529423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska Bot
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d’ Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Idisba, Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Kohls
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Brenda W. J. H. Penninx
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ed Watkins
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard van Grootheest
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mieke Cabout
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Hegerl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d’ Investigació en Ciències de la Salut, Idisba, Rediapp, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Matthew Owens
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marjolein Visser
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science and Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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276
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Sánchez-Villegas A, Cabrera-Suárez B, Molero P, González-Pinto A, Chiclana-Actis C, Cabrera C, Lahortiga-Ramos F, Florido-Rodríguez M, Vega-Pérez P, Vega-Pérez R, Pla J, Calviño-Cabada MJ, Ortuño F, Navarro S, Almeida Y, Hernández-Fleta JL. Preventing the recurrence of depression with a Mediterranean diet supplemented with extra-virgin olive oil. The PREDI-DEP trial: study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:63. [PMID: 30744589 PMCID: PMC6371613 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary patterns in the prevention of unipolar depression has been analyzed in several epidemiological studies. The primary aims of this study are to determine the effectiveness of an extra-olive oil-enriched Mediterranean diet in reducing the recurrence of depression and improving the symptoms of this condition. METHODS Multicenter, two-arm, parallel-group clinical trial. Arm 1, extra-virgin olive oil Mediterranean diet; Arm 2, control group without nutritional intervention. Dieticians are in charge of the nutritional intervention and regular contact with the participants. Contacts are made through our web platform ( https://predidep.es/participantes/ ) or by phone. Recurrence of depression is assessed by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists through clinical evaluations (semi-structured clinical interviews: Spanish SCID-I). Depressive symptoms are assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory. Information on quality of life, level of physical activity, dietary habits, and blood, urine and stool samples are collected after the subject has agreed to participate in the study and once a year. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, the PREDI-DEP trial is the first ongoing randomized clinical trial designed to assess the role of the Mediterranean diet in the prevention of recurrent depression. It could be a cost-effective approach to avoid recurrence and improve the quality of life of these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been prospectively registered in the U.S. National Library of Medicine ( https://clinicaltrials.gov ) with NCT number: NCT03081065.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sánchez-Villegas
- 0000 0004 1769 9380grid.4521.2Nutrition Research Group, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe Físico s/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain ,0000 0000 9314 1427grid.413448.eBiomedical Research Center Network on Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn) Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - B. Cabrera-Suárez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P. Molero
- 0000 0001 2191 685Xgrid.411730.0Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ,IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - A. González-Pinto
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain ,0000 0000 9314 1427grid.413448.eBiomedical Research Center Network on Mental Health (CIBERsam), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - C. Cabrera
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F. Lahortiga-Ramos
- 0000 0001 2191 685Xgrid.411730.0Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ,IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M. Florido-Rodríguez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - P. Vega-Pérez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - R. Vega-Pérez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J. Pla
- 0000 0001 2191 685Xgrid.411730.0Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ,IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M. J. Calviño-Cabada
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - F. Ortuño
- 0000 0001 2191 685Xgrid.411730.0Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Clinic of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain ,IDISNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - S. Navarro
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Y. Almeida
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J. L. Hernández-Fleta
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Service, Hospital General de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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277
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Donzelli A, Schivalocchi A, Giudicatti G. The underestimation of antidepressants role in risk of fractures: clinical and public health implications. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:533-534. [PMID: 30506146 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-018-4681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Donzelli
- Appropriateness in Primary Care, Health Protection Agency, Metropolitan City of Milan, Via Ricordi, 4, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - A Schivalocchi
- Resident in Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - G Giudicatti
- Resident in Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Milan, Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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278
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Arab L, Guo R, Elashoff D. Lower Depression Scores among Walnut Consumers in NHANES. Nutrients 2019; 11:E275. [PMID: 30691167 PMCID: PMC6413101 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies have shown a Mediterranean diet, characterized by their olive oil and nut consumption, to be correlated with lower depression risk. OBJECTIVE To examine whether part of this reduced risk in the United States is attributable to walnut consumption, we analyzed data on walnut consumption and depression scores from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS NHANES survey data for 2005 through 2014 was pooled for adults with 24 h recall dietary data. Depression scores were based on PHQ-9 self-report responses. A total of 26,656 participants were characterized as reporting the consumption of walnuts with high certainty, walnuts with other nuts, other nuts, or no nuts. RESULTS After an adjustment for covariates, walnut consumers showed lower depression scores compared to non-nut consumers. The least square mean for total depression score was 26% lower for walnut with high certainty consumers than for non-nut consumers (p < 0.0001), and the association was stronger among women (32%, p < 0.0001) than men (21%, p = 0.05). The significant contributors to this difference were due to walnut consumers reporting greater interest in doing things (p = 0.003), less hopelessness (p = 0.02), and feeling more energetic (p = 0.05) than non-nut consumers. Non-nut consumers were more likely to have trouble concentrating (p = 0.02), to feel they were moving or speaking abnormally (p = 0.03), and to have thought they were better off dead (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Depression scores were significantly lower among nut consumers and particularly walnut consumers as compared to non-nut consumers. After controlling for potential covariates, walnut users had scores significantly lower than other nut consumers. The difference was strongest among women, who are more likely than men to report higher depression scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Arab
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research and Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - David Elashoff
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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279
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Steenson S. The Mediterranean diet and depression – can a healthier dietary pattern reduce the risk of depression? NUTR BULL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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280
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Kelly RR, McDonald LT, Jensen NR, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. Impacts of Psychological Stress on Osteoporosis: Clinical Implications and Treatment Interactions. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:200. [PMID: 31024360 PMCID: PMC6465575 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant biochemical and physiological effects of psychological stress are beginning to be recognized as exacerbating common diseases, including osteoporosis. This review discusses the current evidence for psychological stress-associated mental health disorders as risk factors for osteoporosis, the mechanisms that may link these conditions, and potential implications for treatment. Traditional, alternative, and adjunctive therapies are discussed. This review is not intended to provide therapeutic recommendations, but, rather, the goal of this review is to delineate potential interactions of psychological stress and osteoporosis and to highlight potential multi-system implications of pharmacological interventions. Review of the current literature identifies several potentially overlapping mechanistic pathways that may be of interest (e.g., glucocorticoid signaling, insulin-like growth factor signaling, serotonin signaling) for further basic and clinical research. Current literature also supports the potential for cross-effects of therapeutics for osteoporosis and mental health disorders. While studies examining a direct link between osteoporosis and chronic psychological stress are limited, the studies reviewed herein suggest that a multi-factorial, personalized approach should be considered for improved patient outcomes in populations experiencing psychological stress, particularly those at high-risk for development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Kelly
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lindsay T McDonald
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nathaniel R Jensen
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sara J Sidles
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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281
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Jacka FN, O'Neil A, Itsiopoulos C, Opie R, Cotton S, Mohebbi M, Castle D, Dash S, Mihalopoulos C, Chatterton ML, Brazionis L, Dean OM, Hodge A, Berk M. The SMILES trial: an important first step. BMC Med 2018; 16:237. [PMID: 30591059 PMCID: PMC6309069 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The SMILES trial was the first intervention study to test dietary improvement as a treatment strategy for depression. Molendijk et al. propose that expectation bias and difficulties with blinding might account for the large effect size. While we acknowledge the issue of expectation bias in lifestyle intervention trials and indeed discuss this as a key limitation in our paper, we observed a strong correlation between dietary change and change in depression scores, which we argue is consistent with a causal effect and we believe unlikely to be an artefact of inadequate blinding. Since its publication, our results have been largely replicated and our recent economic evaluation of SMILES suggests that the benefits of our approach extend beyond depression. We argue that the SMILES trial should be considered an important, albeit preliminary, first step in the field of nutritional psychiatry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice N Jacka
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachelle Opie
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Cotton
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David Castle
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Dash
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Mary Lou Chatterton
- Centre for Population Health Research, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Laima Brazionis
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Intelligence and Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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282
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Segal L, Twizeyemariya A, Zarnowiecki D, Niyonsenga T, Bogomolova S, Wilson A, O'Dea K, Parletta N. Cost effectiveness and cost-utility analysis of a group-based diet intervention for treating major depression - the HELFIMED trial. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:770-778. [PMID: 30570386 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1556896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background/objectives: Major depression has a negative impact on quality of life, increasing the risk of premature death. It imposes social and economic costs on individuals, families and society. Mental illness is now the leading cause globally of disability/lost quality life and premature mortality. Finding cost-effective treatments for depression is a public health priority. We report an economic evaluation of a dietary intervention for treating major depression. Methods: This economic evaluation drew on the HELFIMED RCT, a 3-month group-based Mediterranean-style diet (MedDiet) intervention (including cooking workshops), against a social group-program for people with major depression. We conducted (i) a cost-utility analysis, utility scores measured at baseline, 3-months and 6-months using the AQoL8D, modelled to 2 years (base case); (ii) a cost-effectiveness analysis, differential cost/case of depression resolved (to normal/mild) measured by the DASS. Differential program costs were calculated from resources use costed in AUD2017. QALYs were discounted at 3.5%pa. Results: Best estimate differential cost/QALY gain per person, MedDiet relative to social group was AUD2775. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis, varying costs, utility gain, model period found 95% likelihood cost/QALY less than AUD20,000. Estimated cost per additional case of depression resolved, MedDiet group relative to social group was AUD2,225. Conclusions: A MedDiet group-program for treating major depression was highly cost-effective relative to a social group-program, measured in terms of cost/QALY gain and cost per case of major depression resolved. Supporting access by persons with major depression to group-based dietary programs should be a policy priority. A change to funding will be needed to realise the potential benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Segal
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Asterie Twizeyemariya
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dorota Zarnowiecki
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Theo Niyonsenga
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Svetlana Bogomolova
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amy Wilson
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kerin O'Dea
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Natalie Parletta
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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283
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Radd-Vagenas S, Fiatarone Singh MA, Daniel K, Noble Y, Jain N, O'Leary F, Mavros Y, Heffernan M, Meiklejohn J, Guerrero Y, Chau T, Sachdev PS, Brodaty H, Flood VM. Validity of the Mediterranean Diet and Culinary Index (MediCul) for Online Assessment of Adherence to the 'Traditional' Diet and Aspects of Cuisine in Older Adults. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1913. [PMID: 30518078 PMCID: PMC6315571 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet is associated with multiple health benefits. Yet, no tool has been specifically developed to assess adherence to the 'traditional' Mediterranean diet and cuisine within a Western cohort, and validated for online use. We tested the reliability and validity of online administration of the Mediterranean Diet and Culinary Index (MediCul) among middle-aged and older adults. Participants were recruited in January⁻March 2017 from the 45 and Up Study, completing MediCul twice. Test-retest reliability was assessed using the paired t-test, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot. Validity was tested against a three-day food record (FR)-derived MediCul score using Bland-Altman and nutrient trends across the MediCul score tertiles. Participants (n = 84; 60% female; 65.4 years (SD = 5.9)), were overweight (BMI 26.1; SD = 4.0) with 1.7 (SD = 1.5) chronic illnesses/conditions. Sequential MediCul tool scores were 56.1/100.0 and 56.8/100.0, respectively (t = -1.019; p = 0.311). Reliability via ICC (ICC = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.789, 0.910, p < 0.0001) and Bland-Altman was good. In Bland-Altman validity analyses, the tool over-reported FR MediCul score by 5.6 points with no systematic bias ((y = 8.7 - 0.06*x) (95% CI: -0.278, 0.158, p = 0.584)). Nutrient trends were identified for MediCul consistent with expected Mediterranean patterns. Online MediCul administration demonstrated good reliability and moderate validity for assessing adherence to a 'traditional' Mediterranean pattern among older Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Radd-Vagenas
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Maria A Fiatarone Singh
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
- The University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia and Hebrew SeniorLife and Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
| | - Kenneth Daniel
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Yian Noble
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Nidhi Jain
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Fiona O'Leary
- The University of Sydney, Nutrition and Dietetics Group, School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and The Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Megan Heffernan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Jacinda Meiklejohn
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Yareni Guerrero
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Chau
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia.
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Victoria M Flood
- The University of Sydney, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, Ageing and Wellbeing Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lidcombe, NSW 2141, Australia.
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Kretowicz H, Hundley V, Tsofliou F. Exploring the Perceived Barriers to Following a Mediterranean Style Diet in Childbearing Age: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1694. [PMID: 30404231 PMCID: PMC6266554 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A considerable amount of research has focused on interventions in pregnancy to promote health in current and future generations. This has yielded inconsistent results and focus has turned towards improving health in the preconception period. Promotion of healthy dietary patterns similar to a Mediterranean diet in the preconception years has been suggested as a dietary strategy to prevent maternal obesity and optimize offspring health. However, it is uncertain whether adoption is acceptable in women of childbearing age. This qualitative study aims to investigate the perceived barriers to following a Mediterranean diet in women of childbearing age. Semi-structured focus groups were used to generate deep insights to be used to guide the development of a future intervention. Nulliparous women aged between 20 and 47 years were recruited (n = 20). Six focus groups were digitally audio recorded and transcribed verbatim by the researcher. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data, which occurred in parallel with data collection to ascertain when data saturation was reached. Five core themes were identified: Mediterranean diet features, perceived benefits, existing dietary behavior and knowledge, practical factors, and information source. The present study highlights that a Mediterranean diet is acceptable to childbearing-aged women, and the insights generated will be helpful in developing an intervention to promote Mediterranean diet adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harriet Kretowicz
- Department of Human Science and Public Health, Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH1 3LT, UK.
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Department of Human Science and Public Health, Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH1 3LT, UK.
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Human Science and Public Health, Centre for Midwifery, Maternal and Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole BH1 3LT, UK.
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285
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Morton DP. Combining Lifestyle Medicine and Positive Psychology to Improve Mental Health and Emotional Well-being. Am J Lifestyle Med 2018; 12:370-374. [PMID: 30283261 PMCID: PMC6146362 DOI: 10.1177/1559827618766482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Darren P. Morton
- Lifestyle Research Centre, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, NSW, Australia
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286
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Berger M, Taylor S, Harriss L, Campbell S, Thompson F, Jones S, Makrides M, Gibson R, Paul Amminger G, Sarnyai Z, McDermott R. Cross-sectional association of seafood consumption, polyunsaturated fatty acids and depressive symptoms in two Torres Strait communities. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:353-362. [PMID: 30073906 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1504429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary intake of long-chain omega 3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) represents a putative modifiable risk factor for depression, and a high ratio of omega 6 (n-6) to n-3 LCPUFA is frequently observed in patients with major depressive disorder. Recent reports suggest that the availability of fish and seafood may be associated with lower depression rates. The aim of this study was to investigate associations of fish consumption and LCPUFA levels with depressive symptoms.Methods Participants for this cross-sectional study (n=206) were recruited at a community screening programme in two Torres Strait Islander communities (Mer and Waiben). Depressive symptoms were assessed with the adapted Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (aPHQ-9) and diet with a structured questionnaire. LCPUFA concentrations were measured with a capillary dried blood spot system (PUFAcoat). Logistic and quantile regression modelling was used to test the relationship between seafood consumption, membrane LCPUFAs and depression scores.Results A higher blood n-6/3 LCPUFA ratio was associated with moderate/severe depression scores across both study sites (OR=1.59 (95%CI 1.09-2.34), P = .017). Seafood consumption was higher and the proportion of participants with aPHQ-9 scores above the cut-off for depression was lower on Mer (n = 100) compared with Waiben (n = 106). Higher seafood consumption was associated with lower depression scores on Waiben (B = -0.57 (95%CI -0.98 - -0.16), P = .006) but not on Mer.Conclusions Our findings support an association of n-3 LCPUFA from natural sources with depressive symptoms. The availability of fresh seafood in the local diet may represent a protective factor for depression in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximus Berger
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean Taylor
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Linton Harriss
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Sandra Campbell
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Fintan Thompson
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
| | - Samuel Jones
- Torres and Cape Hospital and Health Service, Thursday Island, Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Robert Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - G Paul Amminger
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Robyn McDermott
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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287
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Relationship between Diet and Mental Health in a Young Adult Appalachian College Population. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080957. [PMID: 30044399 PMCID: PMC6115820 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adults in Appalachia may face poor nutritional status due to low access to healthy food and high mental health symptoms attributed to high stress and the college environment. A cross-sectional design was used to investigate the relationship between diet intake and mental health status of this population via surveys. Participant responses (n = 1956) showed students’ mean number of depressed days over the past 30 days was 9.67 ± 8.80, and of anxious days, 14.1 ± 10.03. The mean fruit and vegetable intake was 1.80 ± 1.27 times per day and the mean added sugars intake was 1.79 ± 1.26 times per day. 36.7% of students were found to be food insecure. One-way ANOVA and Chi-Squared analyses were used to determine relationship between variables. Significant variables were placed into a full logistic regression model. Food insecurity and fruit and vegetable intake remained significant predictors of depression in males (odds ratio (OR) = 2.33 95% CI 1.47–3.71 and OR = 68 95% CI 50–89, respectively) and in females food insecurity remained a significant predictor of depression (OR = 2.26 95% CI 1.67–3.07). Food insecurity and added sugars intake were significant predictor of anxiety in males (OR = 2.33 95% CI 1.47–3.71 and OR = 1.09 95% CI 0.91–1.3, respectively) and for anxiety in females, added sugars intake and food insecurity were significant predictors (OR = 1.18 95% CI 1.05–1.32 and OR = 1.65 95% CI 1.27–2.16, respectively). Improving college student’s diet intake through increased access to healthy foods could improve the mental health and well-being of students.
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288
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Phelan D, Molero P, Martínez-González MA, Molendijk M. Magnesium and mood disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. BJPsych Open 2018; 4:167-179. [PMID: 29897029 PMCID: PMC6034436 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2018.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnesium (Mg2+) has received considerable attention with regards to its potential role in the pathophysiology of the mood disorders, but the available evidence seems inconclusive.AimsTo review and quantitatively summarise the human literature on Mg2+ intake and Mg2+ blood levels in the mood disorders and the effects of Mg2+ supplements on mood. METHOD Systematic review and meta-analyses. RESULTS Adherence to a Mg2+-rich diet was negatively associated with depression in cross-sectional (odds ratio = 0.66) but not in prospective studies. Mg2+ levels in bodily fluids were on average higher in patients with a mood disorder (Hedge's g = 0.19), but only in patients treated with antidepressants and/or mood stabilisers. There was no evident association between Mg2+ levels and symptom severity. Mg2+ supplementation was associated with a decline in depressive symptoms in uncontrolled (g = -1.60) but not in placebo-controlled trials (g = -0.21). CONCLUSION Our results provide little evidence for the involvement of Mg2+ in the mood disorders.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Phelan
- Institute of Psychology,Clinical Psychology Unit,Leiden University,Leiden,The Netherlands
| | - Patricio Molero
- Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology,University Hospital,School of Medicine,University of Navarra,Pamplona,Navarra,Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health,School of Medicine,University of Navarra,Pamplona,Navarra,Spain,CIBER-OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III,Madrid,Spain, andDepartment of Nutrition,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health,Boston,USA
| | - Marc Molendijk
- Institute of Psychology,Clinical Psychology Unit,Leiden University,Leiden,The Netherlands, andLeiden Institute for Brain and Cognition,Leiden University Medical Center,Leiden,The Netherlands
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289
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Murphy KJ, Parletta N. Implementing a Mediterranean-Style Diet Outside the Mediterranean Region. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2018; 20:28. [PMID: 29728772 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-018-0732-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Populations surrounding the Mediterranean basin have traditionally reaped health benefits from a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), which may benefit Westernized countries plagued by chronic disease. But is it feasible to implement beyond the Mediterranean? To answer this question, we present evidence from randomized controlled trials that achieved high dietary compliance rates with subsequent physical and mental health benefits. RECENT FINDINGS In the 1960s, the Seven Countries Study identified dietary qualities of Mediterranean populations associated with healthy aging and longevity. The PREDIMED study confirmed reductions in CVD-related mortality with a MedDiet; a meta-analysis in over 4.7 million people showed reduced mortality, CVD-related mortality, and reduced risk of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. Continually emerging research supports the MedDiet's benefits for chronic diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancers, liver disease, type 2 diabetes, depression, and anxiety. We summarize components of studies outside the Mediterranean that achieved high compliance to a Med-style diet: dietitian led, dietary education, goal setting, mindfulness; recipe books, meal plans, and food checklists; food hampers; regular contact between volunteers and staff through regular cooking classes; clinic visits; and recipes that are simple, palatable, and affordable. The next step is testing the MedDiet's feasibility in the community. Potential obstacles include access to dietetic/health care professionals, high meat intake, pervasive processed foods, and fast food outlets. For Western countries to promote a Med-style diet, collective support from government, key stakeholders and policy makers, food industry, retailers, and health professionals is needed to ensure the healthiest choice is the easiest choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Murphy
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Natalie Parletta
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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290
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Agustí A, García-Pardo MP, López-Almela I, Campillo I, Maes M, Romaní-Pérez M, Sanz Y. Interplay Between the Gut-Brain Axis, Obesity and Cognitive Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:155. [PMID: 29615850 PMCID: PMC5864897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity continues to be one of the major public health problems due to its high prevalence and co-morbidities. Common co-morbidities not only include cardiometabolic disorders but also mood and cognitive disorders. Obese subjects often show deficits in memory, learning and executive functions compared to normal weight subjects. Epidemiological studies also indicate that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing depression and anxiety, and vice versa. These associations between pathologies that presumably have different etiologies suggest shared pathological mechanisms. Gut microbiota is a mediating factor between the environmental pressures (e.g., diet, lifestyle) and host physiology, and its alteration could partly explain the cross-link between those pathologies. Westernized dietary patterns are known to be a major cause of the obesity epidemic, which also promotes a dysbiotic drift in the gut microbiota; this, in turn, seems to contribute to obesity-related complications. Experimental studies in animal models and, to a lesser extent, in humans suggest that the obesity-associated microbiota may contribute to the endocrine, neurochemical and inflammatory alterations underlying obesity and its comorbidities. These include dysregulation of the HPA-axis with overproduction of glucocorticoids, alterations in levels of neuroactive metabolites (e.g., neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids) and activation of a pro-inflammatory milieu that can cause neuro-inflammation. This review updates current knowledge about the role and mode of action of the gut microbiota in the cross-link between energy metabolism, mood and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustí
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria P García-Pardo
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
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291
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Teasdale SB, Latimer G, Byron A, Schuldt V, Pizzinga J, Plain J, Buttenshaw K, Forsyth A, Parker E, Soh N. Expanding collaborative care: integrating the role of dietitians and nutrition interventions in services for people with mental illness. Australas Psychiatry 2018; 26:47-49. [PMID: 28869391 DOI: 10.1177/1039856217726690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to draw mental health clinicians' attention to the connections between nutrition and mental health, and the roles that Accredited Practising Dietitians play in improving mental and physical health through dietary change. METHODS Selective narrative review. RESULTS Unhealthy dietary practices are common in high prevalence and severe mental illness. Epidemiological evidence demonstrates that nutrients and dietary patterns impact on mental health. In addition, poor physical health is well documented in people with mental illness and the greatest contributor to the mortality gap. Dietary intervention studies demonstrate improved mental and physical health outcomes. Accredited Practising Dietitians translate nutrition science into practical advice to improve the nutritional status of patients with mental illness, and prevent and manage comorbidities in a variety of care settings. CONCLUSIONS Medical Nutrition Therapy offers opportunities to improve the physical and mental health of people living with mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Teasdale
- Senior Mental Health Dietitian, Keeping the Body in Mind Program, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, and; PhD candidate, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Annette Byron
- Senior Policy Officer, Dietitians Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT, Australia
| | - Vanessa Schuldt
- Policy and Advocacy Officer, Dietitians Association of Australia, Deakin, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Janice Plain
- Director of Patient Services, Macquarie Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerryn Buttenshaw
- Dietitian, PhD Candidate, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrienne Forsyth
- Senior Lecturer, PhD, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Parker
- Senior Clinical Dietitian, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nerissa Soh
- Clinical Senior Lecturer, PhD, Psychiatry, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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292
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Hoare E, Hockey M, Ruusunen A, Jacka FN. Does Fruit and Vegetable Consumption During Adolescence Predict Adult Depression? A Longitudinal Study of US Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:581. [PMID: 30483164 PMCID: PMC6243081 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between better diet quality and decreased depression across the life span is consistent and compelling. Fruit and vegetable consumption has been of particular interest. The nutritional benefits from the consumption of fruits and vegetables may mitigate non-communicable diseases and promote brain and mental health. This study aimed to determine whether fruit and vegetable consumption during adolescence was associated with a reduced risk of developing depression in adulthood in a large, representative sample of US individuals. Data from the Add Health Study were analyzed, which included 3,696 participants who were aged approximately 17 years at baseline (1994-1995), and 29 years at follow-up (2007-2008). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to assess depression and a self-report item asked how many times the participant consumed fruit/vegetables on the previous day. Individuals who were depressed at both times points had the highest proportion who failed to consume any fruit (31%) or vegetables (42%) on the previous day. Fruit and vegetable consumption did not predict of adult depression in fully adjusted models. Cross sectional associations existed for diet and adolescent depression only. Our initial findings supported fruit and vegetable consumption as being protective against adult depression, but this association was subsequently attenuated on adjustment for other relevant factors. Future research will benefit from more precise measures of dietary intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Hoare
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Meghan Hockey
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Anu Ruusunen
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Felice N Jacka
- Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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