301
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Gasmi A, Tippairote T, Mujawdiya PK, Peana M, Menzel A, Dadar M, Gasmi Benahmed A, Bjørklund G. Micronutrients as immunomodulatory tools for COVID-19 management. Clin Immunol 2020; 220:108545. [PMID: 32710937 PMCID: PMC7833875 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 rapidly turned to a global pandemic posing lethal threats to overwhelming health care capabilities, despite its relatively low mortality rate. The clinical respiratory symptoms include dry cough, fever, anosmia, breathing difficulties, and subsequent respiratory failure. No known cure is available for COVID-19. Apart from the anti-viral strategy, the supports of immune effectors and modulation of immunosuppressive mechanisms is the rationale immunomodulation approach in COVID-19 management. Diet and nutrition are essential for healthy immunity. However, a group of micronutrients plays a dominant role in immunomodulation. The deficiency of most nutrients increases the individual susceptibility to virus infection with a tendency for severe clinical presentation. Despite a shred of evidence, the supplementation of a single nutrient is not promising in the general population. Individuals at high-risk for specific nutrient deficiencies likely benefit from supplementation. The individual dietary and nutritional status assessments are critical for determining the comprehensive actions in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Torsak Tippairote
- Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Nutritional and Environmental Medicine Department, BBH Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
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302
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Nawi AM, Chin SF, Mazlan L, Jamal R. Delineating colorectal cancer distribution, interaction, and risk prediction by environmental risk factors and serum trace elements. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18670. [PMID: 33122698 PMCID: PMC7596468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing worldwide especially in developing countries. This phenomenon may be attributable to lifestyle, dietary and environmental risk factors. We aimed to determine the level of 25 trace elements, their interaction with environmental risk factors, and subsequently develop a risk prediction model for CRC (RPM CRC). For the discovery phase, we used a hospital-based case-control study (CRC and non-CRC patients) and in the validation phase we analysed pre-symptomatic samples of CRC patients from The Malaysian Cohort Biobank. Information on the environmental risk factors were obtained and level of 25 trace elements measured using the ICP-MS method. CRC patients had lower Zn and Se levels but higher Li, Be, Al, Co, Cu, As, Cd, Rb, Ba, Hg, Tl, and Pb levels compared to non-CRC patients. The positive interaction between red meat intake ≥ 50 g/day and Co ≥ 4.77 µg/L (AP 0.97; 95% CI 0.91, 1.03) doubled the risk of CRC. A panel of 24 trace elements can predict simultaneously and accurate of high, moderate, and low risk of CRC (accuracy 100%, AUC 1.00). This study provides a new input on possible roles for various trace elements in CRC as well as using a panel of trace elements as a screening approach to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, W. Persekutuan, Malaysia.
- Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, W. Persekutuan, Malaysia.
| | - Siok Fong Chin
- Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, W. Persekutuan, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, UKM, Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000, Cheras, W. Persekutuan, Malaysia.
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303
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Hossein-Zadeh N, Bagheri M, Abdi Rad I, Lozeie M, Nasir-Zadeh M. Zinc Protects against MDMA-Induced Apoptosis of Sertoli Cells in Mouse via Attenuation of Caspase-3. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2020; 14:223-227. [PMID: 33098390 PMCID: PMC7604711 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.44410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) disrupts function of the endocrine system and different organs such as heart, blood vessels, kidney, liver and nervous systems. This revision was conducted to evaluate impact of MDMA on apoptosis and Zinc in the MDMA-induced apoptosis of cultured Sertoli cells by measuring Caspase-3 gene expression. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, Sertoli cells were incubated with MDMA (0, 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 mM), Zinc (0, 8, 16, 32, 64 μM) and Zinc (8 μM) prior to adding MDMA (5 mM) for 24 and 48 hours. MTT assay was used for evaluating impacts of these conditions on the viability of Sertoli cells. Caspase-3 gene expression level was detected using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) in all of the tested groups. Results Finding showed that cellular viability was decreased and level of Caspase-3 mRNA was increased in MDMA treated cells. Additionally, pre-treatment with Zinc (8 μM) attenuated MDMA-induced apoptosis and down-regulated caspase-3. The mean of caspase-3 mRNA level (fold change ± SE) was 3.98 ± 1.18, 0.31 ± 0.28, and 1.72 ± 0.28 in respectively MDMA (5 mM), Zinc (8 μM), and Zinc+MDMA groups vs. control group. The mean of Caspase-3 mRNA (fold change) was not statistically different in the tested groups (P>0.05), unless MDMA (5 mM) group (P=0.008). Conclusion We suggest that MDMA toxicity could be involved in apoptosis of Sertoli cells. In addition, Zinc could reduce MDMA-induced apoptosis by down-regulation of Caspase-3 mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Isa Abdi Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Lozeie
- Department of Genetic, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nasir-Zadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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304
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Forgotten partners and function regulators of inducible metallothioneins. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 70:256-264. [PMID: 32623859 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2019-70-3317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallothioneins are peculiar cysteine rich, heat resistant, small cellular plasma proteins expressed through almost all life forms. The currently established biological functions of metallothioneins are the homeostasis of essential metals and protection against toxic transitional metals (TM) alongside defence from oxidative stress by direct scavenging of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS). In mammals, among the four main evolutionary conserved forms, only the ubiquitously expressed metallothionein 1 and 2 (here abbreviated as MT) are inducible by TM, oxidative stress, glucocorticoids and starvation among various other stimuli. However, more than sixty years after being discovered, metallothioneins still bear unresolved issues about their possible physiological function and regulation. The biological function of MTs has still not been associated with the in vitro-demonstrated capacity of MT interaction with cellular molecules glutathione (GSH) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or with the possibility of direct iron-MT binding in the reducing intracellular environment of some organelles, e.g. lysosomes. Iron as the most abundant cellular TM is also one of the main physiological sources of ROS. Moreover, iron exhibits strain, sex and age differences that reflected ROS generation and MT induction in (patho)physiology and toxicology studies. A recent study showed that iron sex differences follows expression of both ferritin and MT leading to wide implications from essential TM interconnectivity to aging. This review places emphasis on biochemically proven but physiologically ignored interactions of MT with iron to stimulate advanced research for establishing a wide frame of the biological roles of MTs important for health and longevity.
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305
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Micronutrients and bioactive compounds in the immunological pathways related to SARS-CoV-2 (adults and elderly). Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:559-579. [PMID: 33084959 PMCID: PMC7576552 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The new coronavirus pandemic is affecting the entire world with more than 25 million confirmed cases in August 2020 according to the World Health Organization. It is known that the virus can affect several tissues and can progress to a respiratory failure in severe cases. To prevent the progression to this stage of the disease and minimize all the damage caused by coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) the immune system must be in its integrity. A healthy nutritional status are fundamental to efficient immunological protection and consequently a good response to SARS-CoV-2. Micronutrients and bioactive compounds perform functions in immune cells that are extremely essential to stop SARS-CoV-2. Their adequate consumption is part of a non-pharmacological intervention to keep the immune system functioning. This review has as main objective to inform how micronutrients and bioactive compounds could act in the essential immunological pathways could stop SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the functions that have already established in the literature and transposing to this scenario.
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306
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Emri E, Kortvely E, Dammeier S, Klose F, Simpson D, den Hollander AI, Ueffing M, Lengyel I. A Multi-Omics Approach Identifies Key Regulatory Pathways Induced by Long-Term Zinc Supplementation in Human Primary Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3051. [PMID: 33036197 PMCID: PMC7601425 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), both systemic and local zinc levels decline. Elevation of zinc in clinical studies delayed the progression to end-stage AMD. However, the molecular pathways underpinning this beneficial effect are not yet identified. In this study, we used differentiated primary human fetal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cultures and long-term zinc supplementation to carry out a combined transcriptome, proteome and secretome analysis from three genetically different human donors. After combining significant differences, we identified the complex molecular networks using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). The cell cultures from the three donors showed extensive pigmentation, development of microvilli and basal infoldings and responded to zinc supplementation with an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (apical supplementation: 443.2 ± 79.3%, basal supplementation: 424.9 ± 116.8%, compared to control: 317.5 ± 98.2%). Significant changes were observed in the expression of 1044 genes, 151 cellular proteins and 124 secreted proteins. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed changes in specific molecular pathways related to cell adhesion/polarity, extracellular matrix organization, protein processing/transport, and oxidative stress response by zinc and identified a key upstream regulator effect similar to that of TGFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Emri
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT97BL, Northern Ireland, UK; (E.E.); (D.S.)
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Elod Kortvely
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology (I2O) Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland;
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany; (S.D.); (F.K.); (M.U.)
| | - Sascha Dammeier
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany; (S.D.); (F.K.); (M.U.)
| | - Franziska Klose
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany; (S.D.); (F.K.); (M.U.)
| | - David Simpson
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT97BL, Northern Ireland, UK; (E.E.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Anneke I. den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany; (S.D.); (F.K.); (M.U.)
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Wellcome Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast BT97BL, Northern Ireland, UK; (E.E.); (D.S.)
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307
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Wang M, Phadke M, Packard D, Yadav D, Gorelick F. Zinc: Roles in pancreatic physiology and disease. Pancreatology 2020; 20:1413-1420. [PMID: 32917512 PMCID: PMC7572834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element. Deficiencies are frequently seen with gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic pancreatitis, nutritional deficiency, and reduced intestinal absorption. Additionally, reduced zinc levels have been linked to cellular changes associated with acute pancreatitis such as enhanced inflammation with increased macrophage activation and production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, impaired autophagy, and modulation of calcium homeostasis. Preliminary data suggest that zinc deficiency may lead to pancreatic injury in animal models. The purpose of this review is to explore the biologic effects of zinc deficiency that could impact pancreatic disease. MESH KEYWORDS: Malnutrition, inflammation, trace element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Wang
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA
| | - Madhura Phadke
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Packard
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA
| | - Dhiraj Yadav
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Medicine, USA
| | - Fred Gorelick
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and VA HealthCare System, CT, USA.
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308
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Li KY, Xiang XJ, Song L, Chen J, Luo B, Wen QX, Zhong BR, Zhou GF, Deng XJ, Ma YL, Hu LT, Chen GJ. Mitochondrial TXN2 attenuates amyloidogenesis via selective inhibition of BACE1 expression. J Neurochem 2020; 157:1351-1365. [PMID: 32920833 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin-2 (TXN2) is a mitochondrial protein and represents one of the intrinsic antioxidant enzymes. It has long been recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesized that mitochondrial TXN2 might play a role in AD-like pathology. In this study, we found that in SH-SY5Y and HEK cells stably express full-length human amyloid-β precursor protein (HEK-APP), TXN2 silencing or over-expression selectively increased or decreased the transcription of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), respectively, without altering the protein levels of others enzymes involved in the catalytic processing of APP. As a result, β-amyloid protein (Aβ) levels were significantly decreased by TXN2. In addition, in cells treated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) that is known to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promote mitochondrial dysfunction, TXN2 silencing resulted in further enhancement of BACE1 protein levels, suggesting a role of TXN2 in ROS removal. The downstream signaling might involve NFκB, as TXN2 reduced the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα; and p65 knockdown significantly attenuated TXN2-mediated regulation of BACE1. Concomitantly, the levels of cellular ROS, apoptosis-related proteins and cell viability were altered by TXN2 silencing or over-expression. In APPswe/PS1E9 mice, an animal model of AD, the cortical and hippocampal TXN2 protein levels were decreased at 12 months but not at 6 months, suggesting an age-dependent decline. Collectively, TXN2 regulated BACE1 expression and amyloidogenesis via cellular ROS and NFκB signaling. TXN2 might serve as a potential target especially for early intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Yi Li
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurology, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi-Xin Wen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bi-Rou Zhong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Deng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Ma
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Tian Hu
- Department of Neurology, Nanchong Central Hospital, the Second Clinical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing, China
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309
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Ahmadi H, Mazloumi-Kiapey SS, Sadeghi O, Nasiri M, Khorvash F, Mottaghi T, Askari G. Zinc supplementation affects favorably the frequency of migraine attacks: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nutr J 2020; 19:101. [PMID: 32928216 PMCID: PMC7491175 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00618-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown a link between zinc deficiency and migraine headaches. We aimed to examine the effect of zinc supplementation on the characteristics of migraine attacks in patients with migraine. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with migraine. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either zinc sulfate (220 mg/d zinc sulfate) or placebo (lactose) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measures, serum zinc concentrations, and characteristics of migraine attacks (headache severity, frequency and duration of migraine attacks, and headache daily results) were assessed at baseline and end of the trial. RESULTS Compared with the placebo, zinc supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in headache severity (- 1.75 ± 1.79 vs. -0.80 ± 1.57; P = 0.01) and migraine attacks frequency (- 2.55 ± 4.32 vs. -0.42 ± 4.24; P = 0.02) in migraine patients. However, the observed reduction for headache severity became statistically non-significant when the analysis was adjusted for potential confounders and baseline values of headache severity. Other characteristics of migraine attacks including the duration of attacks and headache daily results were not altered following zinc supplementation either before or after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation had a beneficial effect on the frequency of migraine attacks in migraine patients. Additional well-designed clinical trials with a long period of intervention and different dosages of zinc are required. TRIAL REGISTRATION CODE IRCT20121216011763N23 at www.irct.ir .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Ahmadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 8174673461, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Omid Sadeghi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Nasiri
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Operating Room Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fariborz Khorvash
- Neurology Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Mottaghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 8174673461, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Askari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 8174673461, Isfahan, Iran.
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310
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Ige JO, Gbadegesin MA, Olugbami JO, Adegoke AM, Odunola OA, Anetor GO, Anetor JI. A Common Insecticide Induced-Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats: Significance for Humans and Implications for Nutritional Modulation of Insecticide Toxicity. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 40:608-616. [PMID: 32877313 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1812452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the levels of selected micronutrients and associated biochemical changes in rats exposed to Baygon® insecticide. Arsenic is a toxic metalloid commonly used in insecticides manufacture but unheralded. METHODS Fifteen rats, divided into three equal groups: Group I (control); group II (administered 2.5 mg/kg sodium arsenite (SA) on alternate days for four weeks); group III (exposed to 14.0 mL Baygon® m-3 cage volume daily for four weeks). Serum levels of arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS). Reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total protein (TP) were determined spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Arsenic and Se levels were significantly raised in groups II and III compared with control (p < 0.05), unlike Zn levels that were significantly decreased in groups II and III (p < 0.05) in both. No significant change in the activity of GPx; though the activity increased in the group treated with SA, but decreased in the group treated with Baygon® compared to control (P < 0.05). Histology of the liver and lung was unaltered in control, but in contrast, the SA-treated group demonstrated moderate fibrous hyperplasia with prominent highly infiltrated portal area in the liver; while the lung revealed thickened alveolar walls from proliferated pneumocytes. In the Baygon®-treated group, there was mild hyperplasia of the fibrous connective tissue and congested prominent portal areas; while the lung exhibited severe thickened alveolar walls due to proliferated pneumocytes. CONCLUSION Exposure of rats to Baygon® elicited alteration of key trace elements involved in the antioxidant system, culminating in oxidative stress with attendant deleterious effects. One significance of this for humans is that it has great potentials for possible nutritional modulation of insecticide toxicity with micronutrients, especially with zinc, holding great promise in tropical developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Ige
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Michael A Gbadegesin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Jeremiah O Olugbami
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji M Adegoke
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oyeronke A Odunola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gloria O Anetor
- Department of Human Kinetics & Health Education, Faculty of Education, Health Education Unit, National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - John I Anetor
- Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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311
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Gatiatulina ER, Sheina EA, Nemereshina ON, Popova EV, Polyakova VS, Agletdinov EF, Sinitskii AI, Skalny AV, Nikonorov AA, Tinkov AA. Effect of Zn Supplementation on Trace Element Status in Rats with Diet-Induced Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 197:202-212. [PMID: 31832925 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01985-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the effect of Zn supplementation on trace element levels in the liver, serum, and hair of rats with dietary-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 26 3-month-old female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, NAFLD, Zn-supplemented (227 mg/L zinc as Zn sulfate Zn(SO)4 dissolved in a drinking water), and NAFLD-Zn-supplemented. NAFLD was verified by histological assessment of liver samples. The serum was examined for routine biochemical parameters. Trace elements content was assessed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Zn treatment resulted in an improvement in liver weight and morphology. Dietary supplementation with Zn prevented NAFLD-induced decrease liver Co. The tendency to increase liver Fe in the Zn-treated group was observed. Zn treatment decreased hepatic Al and serum V levels. However, Zn administration did not affect NAFLD-induced I, Mn, and Se depletion in the liver. Hair Zn levels raised in Zn-supplemented groups. Conclusively, the results of the study indicate that Zn supplementation could have a beneficial effect in modulation of the altered trace element status and liver morphology. HIGHLIGHTS: •Zn treatment improved liver weight and morphology in rats with NAFLD. •Zn supplementation decreased liver Al in NAFLD. •Treatment by Zn prevented depletion of liver Co. •Zn decreased serum V and increased hair Zn levels. •No effect of Zn on NAFLD-induced hepatic I, Mn and Se depletion was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia R Gatiatulina
- All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (VILAR), Grina St., 7, Moscow, 117216, Russia.
| | - Evgenia A Sheina
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, 105064, Russia
| | - Olga N Nemereshina
- Orenburg State Medical University, Sovetskaya St., 6, Orenburg, 460000, Russia
| | - Elizaveta V Popova
- St. Joseph College of Health and Allied Sciences, St Joseph University in Tanzania, 11007, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | | | - Anton I Sinitskii
- South Ural State Medical University, Vorovskogo St., 64, Chelyabinsk, 454092, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, 105064, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya St., 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexandr A Nikonorov
- State Research Center of Dermatovenerology and Cosmetology, Korolenko St., 3-6, Moscow, 107076, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St., 6, Moscow, 105064, Russia
- Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya St., 14, Yaroslavl, 150000, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya St., 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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312
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HESA-A Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in NAFLD Rat Model Through the Suppression of SREBP-1c and NF-kβ. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09930-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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313
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Wang Y, Zhao H, Liu Y, Nie X, Xing M. Zinc exerts its renal protection effect on arsenic-exposed common carp: A signaling network comprising Nrf2, NF-κB and MAPK pathways. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:383-390. [PMID: 32544558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory investigations have extensively indicated that arsenic exposure accounts for several kidney diseases. Zinc has been suggested as a possible natural preventive and therapeutic agent. This study is designed to explore the beneficial effect of zinc supplementation against arsenic-induced renal toxicity in common carp, and the results point to signaling pathway possibly compromised. In the present study, renal injury was induced in common carp by waterborne exposure to arsenic (2.83 mg/L) for 30 days, and zinc (1 mg/L) was simultaneously supplemented. First, the arsenic-exposed fish showed histological and functional renal alterations (indicated by hematoxylin-eosin staining, biochemical indexes and a TUNEL assay). Moreover, as a reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulant, arsenic was found to induce oxidative toxicity as determined by increased renal ROS, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels. When antioxidant-mediation attempts (through superoxide dismutase and glutathione)-mediated to restore homeostasis failed and ROS increased to extreme levels, inflammation (indicated by elevated inducible nitric oxide synthetase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukins levels) and apoptosis (through both mitochondrial- and death receptor-dependent pathways) were triggered. However, abnormalities in the upstream mediators Nrf2, NF-κB and MAPK were significantly ameliorated and blocked by treatment with zinc. In conclusion, zinc exerts a substantial protective effect against arsenic-triggered subchronic renal injury in common carp via the amelioration of oxidative stress, suppression of apoptosis and reduced inflammation through Nrf2, NF-κB and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - XiaoPan Nie
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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314
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Babbush KM, Babbush RA, Khachemoune A. Treatment of melasma: a review of less commonly used antioxidants. Int J Dermatol 2020; 60:166-173. [PMID: 32815582 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Melasma, a common cause for seeking dermatologic care, is a chronic condition of skin hyperpigmentation. With a poorly understood pathogenesis, and no universal cure, melasma is a challenge for many dermatologists. For decades, there has been investigation into the role of oxidative stress in melasma. In this literature review, we introduce the role of oxidative stress in melasma and discuss the function of various topical and oral antioxidant therapies for patients suffering from melasma. Numerous studies have shown efficacy of various antioxidant therapies for treatment of hyperpigmentation, and in this review, we focus primarily on those with less widespread use. Vitamin E, niacinamide, polypodium leucotomos, pycnogenol, grape seed extract, amino fruit acids, phytic acid, zinc, silymarin, Korean red ginseng powder, plant extracts, and parsley all have well-demonstrated evidence of antioxidant properties, and these substances have been studied in the context of skin hyperpigmentation. Although there is conflicting evidence of their therapeutic efficacy, the use of these naturally occurring substances is promising for patients and medical providers seeking alternative therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Babbush
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Remy A Babbush
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amor Khachemoune
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Downstate, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Veterans Health Administration, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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315
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Rerksuppaphol L, Rerksuppaphol S. Efficacy of Adjunctive Zinc in Improving the Treatment Outcomes in Hospitalized Children with Pneumonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Trop Pediatr 2020; 66:419-427. [PMID: 31821466 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmz082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mortality rate of pneumonia is high, placing a huge burden on developing countries. Healthcare professionals use zinc as an adjunctive treatment for children with pneumonia; however, this contradicts with some published reports. Thus, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of zinc supplementation on the treatment outcomes of pneumonia. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on hospitalized children with pneumonia. The children randomly received either zinc bis-glycinate (15 mg elemental zinc) or placebo, twice per day. The primary outcome was the resolution time of pneumonia, and the secondary outcomes were the duration of hospitalization and the recovery times of each clinical symptom. RESULTS Out of the 91 children, 65 (71.4%) were males. The resolution period of clinical pneumonia was significantly shorter in the zinc group than the placebo group (48 and 72 h, respectively; hazard ratio = 0.585, 95% confidence interval 0.377-0.908). Similarly, the hospitalization period and the resolution period of fever were shorter in the zinc group [96 and 144 h (p = 0.008), and 24 and 42 h (p = 0.002), respectively]. Children receiving zinc needed a median of 28 h to reach the normal level of oxygen saturation compared to 48 h required by children under placebo (p = 0.014). CONCLUSION Zinc supplementation enhanced the treatment outcomes of pneumonia, by reducing the resolution period of pneumonia and normalizing oxygen levels and body temperature. The length of hospital stay for children receiving zinc was shorter than those receiving placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkana Rerksuppaphol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Sanguansak Rerksuppaphol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakorn Nayok 26120, Thailand
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316
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Zinc and Autophagy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144994. [PMID: 32679798 PMCID: PMC7404247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc supplementation is reported to slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), but there is no general consensus on the beneficiary effect on zinc in AMD. As zinc can stimulate autophagy that is declined in AMD, it is rational to assume that it can slow down its progression. As melanosomes are the main reservoir of zinc in the retina, zinc may decrease the number of lipofuscin granules that are substrates for autophagy. The triad zinc–autophagy–AMD could explain some controversies associated with population studies on zinc supplementation in AMD as the effect of zinc on AMD may be modulated by genetic background. This aspect was not determined in many studies regarding zinc in AMD. Zinc deficiency induces several events associated with AMD pathogenesis, including increased oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipofuscinogenesis. The latter requires autophagy, which is impaired. This is a vicious cycle-like reaction that may contribute to AMD progression. Promising results with zinc deficiency and supplementation in AMD patients and animal models, as well as emerging evidence of the importance of autophagy in AMD, are the rationale for future research on the role of autophagy in the role of zinc supplementation in AMD.
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317
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Rébé C, Ghiringhelli F. Interleukin-1β and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1791. [PMID: 32635472 PMCID: PMC7408158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a tumor, IL-1β is produced and secreted by various cell types, such as immune cells, fibroblasts, or cancer cells. The IL1B gene is induced after "priming" of the cells and a second signal is required to allow IL-1β maturation by inflammasome-activated caspase-1. IL-1β is then released and leads to transcription of target genes through its ligation with IL-1R1 on target cells. IL-1β expression and maturation are guided by gene polymorphisms and by the cellular context. In cancer, IL-1β has pleiotropic effects on immune cells, angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. Moreover, anti-cancer treatments are able to promote IL-1β production by cancer or immune cells, with opposite effects on cancer progression. This raises the question of whether or not to use IL-1β inhibitors in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Rébé
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, INSERM LNC UMR1231, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000 Dijon, France
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318
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Cao JW, Duan SY, Zhang HX, Chen Y, Guo M. Zinc Deficiency Promoted Fibrosis via ROS and TIMP/MMPs in the Myocardium of Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:145-152. [PMID: 31625053 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element in the body that has antioxidant effects. It has been proven that Zn deficiency can cause oxidative stress. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect and mechanism of Zn deficiency on myocardial fibrosis. Mice were fed with different Zn levels dietary for 9 weeks: Zn-normal group (ZnN, 34 mg Zn/kg), Zn-deficient group (ZnD, 2 mg Zn/kg), and Zn-adequate group (ZnA, 100 mg Zn/kg). We found that the Zn-deficient diet reduced the Zn concentration in myocardial tissue. Moreover, the TUNEL results demonstrated that cardiomyocytes in the ZnD group died in large numbers. Furthermore, ROS levels were significantly increased, and metallothionein (MT) expression levels decreased in the ZnD group. The results of Sirius Red staining indicated an increase in collagen in the ZnD group. Moreover, the ELISA results showed that collagen I, III, and IV and fibronectin (FN) were increased. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) was detected by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of TIMP-1 in the ZnD group was increased, while MMPs were decreased. Immunohistochemical results showed an increase in the content of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), while H&E staining showed an increase in interstitial width and a decrease in the number of cardiac cells. All data suggest that Zn deficiency enhances the oxidative stress response of myocardial tissue and eventually triggers myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Cao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yu Duan
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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319
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Eyenga E, Tang EN, Achu MBL, Boulanger R, Mbacham WF, Ndindeng SA. Physical, nutritional, and sensory quality of rice-based biscuits fortified with safou ( Dacryodes edulis) fruit powder. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3413-3424. [PMID: 32724605 PMCID: PMC7382197 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The reduction of postharvest losses in rice and safou is imperative to increase productivity in their respective value chains. In this study, fine broken rice grains were used to produce rice flour and subsequently rice-based biscuits. The biscuits were further fortified with safou powder, and the physical, nutritional, and sensory quality and stability during storage of the different types of biscuits were analyzed using standard methods. Fine or nonsandy biscuits had peak particle size of 500 µm, while medium (slightly sandy) and large (sandy) biscuits had peak particle sizes of 1,000 µm and 1,400 µm, respectively. The hardness varied from 5.7 ± 2.3 N for biscuits with large particles to 16.1 ± 4.4 N for biscuits with fine particles. Fortification of biscuits with sour safou increased the protein and amino acid content of the biscuits. Tryptophan was absent in both safou and the biscuits produced. There was an increase in phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, and aluminum following fortification with safou. Nonsandy biscuits dissolved faster in the mouth (melt) during consumption than the other biscuits although most of the biscuits were perceived to be low in melting and buttery. Nonsandy biscuits were rated as "very good," while slightly sandy and sandy were rated as "good." Safou rice-based biscuits were perceived as "very good," while simple rice biscuits were perceived as "good." Fortification of rice biscuits with safou increased the protein, essential amino acid, and mineral contents of the biscuits with very appreciable taste. These biscuits can be used to help fight protein, iron, and zinc malnutrition and in mitigating postharvest losses of underutilized broken rice and safou especially sour safou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane‐Flore Eyenga
- Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD)YaoundéCameroon
| | - Erasmus Nchuaji Tang
- Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyInstitute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD)YaoundéCameroon
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320
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Tackle the free radicals damage in COVID-19. Nitric Oxide 2020; 102:39-41. [PMID: 32562746 PMCID: PMC7837363 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a severe pandemic which has caused a devastating amount of loss in lives around the world, and yet we still don't know how to appropriately treat this disease. We know very little about the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, the virus which induces the COVID-19. However, COVID-19 does share many similar symptoms with SARS and influenza. Previous scientific discoveries learned from lab animal models and clinical practices shed light on possible pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19. In the past decades, accumulated scientific findings confirmed the pathogenic role of free radicals damage in respiratory virus infection. Astonishingly very few medical professionals mention the crucial role of free radical damage in COVID-19. This hypothesis aims to summarize the crucial pathogenic role of free radical damage in respiratory virus induced pneumonia and suggest an antioxidative therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Additional scheme figure is attached.
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321
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Ssempijja F, Iceland Kasozi K, Daniel Eze E, Tamale A, Ewuzie SA, Matama K, Ekou J, Bogere P, Mujinya R, Musoke GH, Atusiimirwe JK, Zirintunda G, Kalange M, Lyada J, Kiconco R, Pius T, Nandala C, Kamugisha RM, Hamira Y, Fernandez EM, Musinguzi SP. Consumption of Raw Herbal Medicines Is Associated with Major Public Health Risks amongst Ugandans. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 2020:8516105. [PMID: 32565841 PMCID: PMC7291314 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8516105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Community consumption of herbal plants in developing countries is a common practice, however, scarcity of information on their physiochemical composition is a major public health concern. In Uganda, Vernonia amygdalina is of interest in rural communities due to its therapeutical action on both bacterial and protozoal parasites, however no studies have been conducted to assess the heavy metal concentrations in traditional plants used in alternative medicine. The aim of the study was to establish concentrations of heavy metals in Vernonia amygdalina, model the estimated daily intake (EDI), and assess both the non-cancer-related health risk using the target hazard quotient (THQ), and the risk related to cancer through the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for the Ugandan population. Methods Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina were collected from 20 georeferenced villages and processed into powder in the laboratory using standard methods. These were then analyzed in the laboratory using an atomic absorption spectrometer for lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni). Concentrations were compared against the World Health Organization (WHO) limits. The EDI, THQ, and ILCR were modelled and significance was measured at 95% confidence. Results The study showed that mean ± SEM concentrations of heavy metals were highest in the order of Cr, 121.8 ± 4.291 ppm > Ni, 84.09 ± 2.725 ppm > Zn, 53.87 ± 2.277 ppm > Pb, 40.61 ± 3.891 ppm > Cu, 28.75 ± 2.202 ppm > Fe, 14.15 ± 0.7271 ppm > Co, 7.923 ± 0.7674 ppm > Cd, 0.1163 ± 0.005714 ppm. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, Zn, Co, and Ni were significantly higher than the WHO limits. The EDI was significantly higher in children than in adults, demonstrating an increased risk of toxicity in children. The THQ and ILCR were over 1000 times higher in all Ugandans, demonstrating the undesirable health risks following oral consumption of Vernonia amygdalina due to very high Cr and Ni toxicities, respectively. Conclusion Consumption of raw Vernonia amygdalina was associated with a high carcinogenic risk, demonstrating a need to enact policies to promote physiochemical screening of herbal medicines used in developing countries against toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Ssempijja
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Keneth Iceland Kasozi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ejike Daniel Eze
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
| | - Andrew Tamale
- Department of Wildlife and Aquatic Resources, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Public Health, School of Allied Health, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Sylvia Anurika Ewuzie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Kevin Matama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Justine Ekou
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Arapai Campus, Box 203, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Paul Bogere
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Arapai Campus, Box 203, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Regan Mujinya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Grace Henry Musoke
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Cavendish University, Box 33145, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jovile Kasande Atusiimirwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Gerald Zirintunda
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Arapai Campus, Box 203, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Muhamudu Kalange
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Joel Lyada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Ritah Kiconco
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Theophilus Pius
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Christopher Nandala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Roland Mugisha Kamugisha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Yunusu Hamira
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Busitema University, Arapai Campus, Box 203, Soroti, Uganda
| | - Edgar Mario Fernandez
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Simon Peter Musinguzi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kabale University, Box 317, Kabale, Uganda
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322
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Liang B, Li M, Deng Q, Wang C, Rong J, He S, Xiang Y, Zheng F. CircRNA ZNF609 in peripheral blood leukocytes acts as a protective factor and a potential biomarker for coronary artery disease. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:741. [PMID: 32647666 PMCID: PMC7333115 DOI: 10.21037/atm-19-4728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to aberrantly express in coronary artery disease (CAD). Due to their special structures, circRNAs have the potential to be specific and stable markers. We conducted this study to explore circZNF609's function in atherosclerosis and to evaluate its predictive values for CAD. Methods About 330 CAD patients and 209 controls were enrolled and the expression of circZNF609 in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Spearman correlation, multivariate regression, multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were performed. Moreover, circZNF609 was overexpressed in mice macrophage RAW264.7 to investigate its influence on inflammatory cytokines. Finally, bioinformatics analysis was executed to excavate the potential downstream pathway of circZNF609. Results The expression level of circZNF609 in PBLs of CAD patients was significantly decreased compared with the controls (the fold changes of 0.4133, P<0.0001). The logistic regression analysis showed that decreased circZNF609 expressions were independently associated with increased risks of CAD. The area under the ROC curve was 0.761 (95% CI: 0.721-0.800, P<0.0001). Furthermore, the circZNF609 expression level was correlated with C-reactive protein (r=-0.138, P=0.026) and lymphocyte counts (r=0.16, P=0.01). After overexpression of circZNF609 in RAW264.7 cells, the expression level of IL-6 (P<0.001) and TNF-α (P<0.01) were significantly decreased and IL-10 was significantly increased (P<0.001). Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the abnormal expression of circZNF609 might probably sponge miRNA to modulate the inflammation cytokines. Conclusions CircRNA ZNF609 played an anti-inflammatory role and was an independent protective factor for CAD. It represented a moderate diagnostic value and might provide a new therapeutic target for CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglan Li
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianyun Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialing Rong
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siying He
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Center for Gene Diagnosis, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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323
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Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PSA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1443-1460. [PMID: 32394086 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is one of the most important essential nutrients of great public health significance. It is involved in numerous biological functions and it is considered as a multipurpose trace element, due to its capacity to bind to more than 300 enzymes and more than 2000 transcriptional factors. Its role in biochemical pathways and cellular functions, such as the response to oxidative stress, homeostasis, immune responses, DNA replication, DNA damage repair, cell cycle progression, apoptosis and aging is significant. Zn is required for the synthesis of protein and collagen, thus contributing to wound healing and a healthy skin. Metallothioneins are metal-binding proteins and they are potent scavengers of heavy metals, including Zn, and protect the organism against stress. Zn deficiency is observed almost in 17% of the global population and affects many organ systems, leading to dysfunction of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, thus increasing the susceptibility to infection. This review gives a thorough insight into the most recent evidence on the association between Zn biochemistry and human pathologies, epigenetic processes, gut microbial composition, drug targets and nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos T Chasapis
- NMR Center, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.,Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras, Greece
| | - Panagoula-Stamatina A Ntoupa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Chara A Spiliopoulou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria E Stefanidou
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, Mikras Asias Street, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece.
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324
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B. Domènech E, Marfany G. The Relevance of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Retinal Dystrophies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E347. [PMID: 32340220 PMCID: PMC7222416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal cell survival requires an equilibrium between oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant molecules that counteract oxidative stress damage. Oxidative stress alters cell homeostasis and elicits a protective cell response, which is most relevant in photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells, neurons with a high metabolic rate that are continuously subject to light/oxidative stress insults. We analyze how the alteration of cellular endogenous pathways for protection against oxidative stress leads to retinal dysfunction in prevalent (age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma) as well as in rare genetic visual disorders (Retinitis pigmentosa, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy). We also highlight some of the key molecular actors and discuss potential therapies using antioxidants agents, modulators of gene expression and inducers of cytoprotective signaling pathways to treat damaging oxidative stress effects and ameliorate severe phenotypic symptoms in multifactorial and rare retinal dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B. Domènech
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Avda. Diagonal 643, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Marfany
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Avda. Diagonal 643, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBERER, ISCIII, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB, IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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325
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Shi Y, Zou Y, Shen Z, Xiong Y, Zhang W, Liu C, Chen S. Trace Elements, PPARs, and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2612. [PMID: 32283758 PMCID: PMC7177711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic derangements, including central obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia. The pathogenesis of MetS has been intensively studied, and now many factors are recognized to contribute to the development of MetS. Among these, trace elements influence the structure of proteins, enzymes, and complex carbohydrates, and thus an imbalance in trace elements is an independent risk factor for MetS. The molecular link between trace elements and metabolic homeostasis has been established, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have appeared as key regulators bridging these two elements. This is because on one hand, PPARs are actively involved in various metabolic processes, such as abdominal adiposity and insulin sensitivity, and on the other hand, PPARs sensitively respond to changes in trace elements. For example, an iron overload attenuates hepatic mRNA expression of Ppar-α; zinc supplementation is considered to recover the DNA-binding activity of PPAR-α, which is impaired in steatotic mouse liver; selenium administration downregulates mRNA expression of Ppar-γ, thereby improving lipid metabolism and oxidative status in the liver of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. More importantly, PPARs' expression and activity are under the control of the circadian clock and show a robust 24 h rhythmicity, which might be the reasons for the side effects and the clinical limitations of trace elements targeting PPARs. Taken together, understanding the casual relationships among trace elements, PPARs' actions, and the pathogenesis of MetS is of great importance. Further studies are required to explore the chronopharmacological effects of trace elements on the diurnal oscillation of PPARs and the consequent development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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326
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Abdel-Magied N, Shedid SM. Impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on thioredoxin-interacting protein and asymmetric dimethylarginine as biochemical indicators of cardiovascular disorders in gamma-irradiated rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:430-442. [PMID: 31749214 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle is a microscopic particle that has been existed in a wide range of biotechnological purposes. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have fewer environmental hazards and have shown positive impacts in the medical field. This work aimed to observe the effects of low and high doses of ZnO-NPs on heart injury induced by ionizing radiation (IR). Animals were irradiated by 8 Gy of gamma rays and ZnO-NPs (10 and 300 mg/Kg/day) were orally delivered to rats 1 hour after irradiation. Animals were dissected on 15th day postirradiation. Data showed that the oxidative damage resulted from radiation exposure, appeared by marked increments in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the level and protein expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with a noticeable decline in the level and expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as well as glutathione (GSH) level and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Moreover, radiation-induced inflammation, manifested by a noticeable elevation in the level of tumor necrotic factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-18 (IL-18), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Additionally, endothelial dysfunction marked with a high level of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), homocysteine (Hcy), creatine kinase (CK-MB), cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In addition, a decrease of zinc (Zn) level in the cardiac tissue was recorded. ZnO-NPs treatment (10 mg/kg) mitigated the oxidative stress and inflammation effects on the cardiovascular tissue through the positive modulations in the studied parameters. In contrast, ZnO-NPs treatment (300 mg/kg) induced cardiovascular toxicity of normal rats and elevated the deleterious effects of radiation. In conclusion, ZnO-NPs at a low dose could mitigate the adverse effects on cardiovascular tissue induced by radiation during its applications, while the high dose showed morbidity and mortality in normal and irradiated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Abdel-Magied
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen M Shedid
- Radiation Biology Research Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority (AEA), Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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327
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Muszyńska B, Kała K, Włodarczyk A, Krakowska A, Ostachowicz B, Gdula-Argasińska J, Suchocki P. Lentinula edodes as a Source of Bioelements Released into Artificial Digestive Juices and Potential Anti-inflammatory Material. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:603-613. [PMID: 31256391 PMCID: PMC7015957 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes (shiitake), an edible and medicinal mushroom, was chosen for this study with the aim of evaluating the possibility of release of bioelements into artificial digestive juices and analyzing the anti-inflammatory properties. The extracts were prepared from fruiting bodies and biomass enriched with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se). The content of bioelements was analyzed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence method. Relatively low content of elements was observed in the fruiting bodies: Cu-1.6, Zn-7.6, and Se-0.12 mg/100 g d.w. compared to mycelial cultures. The anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells. Based on the levels of cyclooxygenase 2 protein, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ determined using Western blot technique, it was found that the addition of bioelements enhanced the anti-inflammatory properties of mycelium. This indicates that L. edodes cultured on a suitable medium may be used as a potential component of anti-inflammatory products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Suchocki
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
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328
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Different Zinc Sources on Diquat-Induced Oxidant Stress in a Piglet Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3464068. [PMID: 32280687 PMCID: PMC7115046 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3464068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) plays a crucial role in reducing oxidative stress and diarrhea in postweanling piglets. This study is aimed at comparing the effects of zinc chelate of 2-hydroxy-4 methyl-thio butanoic acid (HMZn) and ZnSO4 on the oxidative stress in weaned piglets. A total of 32 piglets were randomly divided into 4 treatments: CON: basal diet+80 mg/kg Zn as ZnSO4; DIQ: basal diet+80 mg/kg Zn as ZnSO4; HMZn: basal diet+200 mg/kg Zn as HMZn; and ZnSO4: basal diet+200 mg/kg Zn as ZnSO4. On day 15, the DIQ, HMZn, and ZnSO4 groups were injected intraperitoneally with diquat except for the CON group. The trial lasted 21 days. The results showed that zinc sources did not influence the growth performance during the first 14 days. But HMZn increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in serum (P < 0.05). After diquat injection, the fecal score was decreased in the HMZn group. Both HMZn and ZnSO4 increased the activities of GPX and T-AOC in serum and the relative mRNA expressions of hepatic and renal Nrf2, SOD1, and GPX compared with the DIQ group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the relative mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in the small intestine, liver, and kidney was downregulated; the phosphorylation of NF-κB protein was inhibited in the HMZn group compared with the DIQ and ZnSO4 groups (P < 0.05). In general, HMZn showed notable advantage over ZnSO4 in reducing diarrhea and improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ability in piglets challenged with diquat.
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329
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Adjuvant Therapies in Diabetic Retinopathy as an Early Approach to Delay Its Progression: The Importance of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3096470. [PMID: 32256949 PMCID: PMC7086452 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3096470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease induced by a sustained state of chronic hyperglycemia that can lead to several complications targeting highly metabolic cells. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a multifactorial microvascular complication of DM, with high prevalence, which can ultimately lead to visual impairment. The genesis of DR involves a complex variety of pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, neurodegeneration, angiogenesis, lipid peroxidation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, each possessing potential therapeutic biomarkers. A specific treatment has yet to be developed for early stages of DR since no management is given other than glycemic control until the proliferative stage develops, offering a poor visual prognosis to the patient. In this narrative review article, we evaluate different dietary regimens, such as the Mediterranean diet, Dietary Pattern to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and their functional foods, and low-calorie diets (LCDs). Nutraceuticals have also been assessed in DR on account of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties, which may have an important impact on the physiopathology of DR. These nutraceuticals have shown to lower reactive oxygen species (ROS), important inflammatory factors, cytokines, and endothelial damage biomarkers either as monotherapies or combined therapies or concomitantly with established diabetes management or nonconventional adjuvant drugs like topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
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330
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Chen WX, Chen L, Sun J, Li Y. A new Cu(II)-based coordination polymer: protective activity against ulcerative colitis via regulating the level of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24701556.2020.1729190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou First People’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liu Chen
- Blood Bank, Taizhou First people’s Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Rehabilitation Centre, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Rehabilitation Centre, Beijing Xiaotangshan Hospital, Beijing, China
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331
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Sefi M, Chaâbane M, Elwej A, Bejaoui S, Marrekchi R, Jamoussi K, Gouiaa N, Boudawara Sellami T, El Cafsi M, Zeghal N, Soudani N. Zinc alleviates maneb-induced kidney injury in adult mice through modulation of oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and histopathological changes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:8091-8102. [PMID: 31897980 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is one of the important essential trace minerals to human health due to its antioxidant properties. The present study was conducted to elucidate its potential protective role against maneb-induced nephrotoxicity. For this purpose, animals were randomly divided into four groups of six each. Mice of group I (negative controls) have received daily 0.5 ml of distilled water, a solvent of maneb. Mice of group II (MB) have received 30 mg/kg bw of maneb daily by intraperitoneal way. Mice of group III (MB + Zn) have received the same dose of maneb as group II, along with ZnSO4 (30 mg/kg bw) daily. Mice of group IV (Zn), considered as positive controls, have received the same dose of ZnSO4 as group III daily. Our results revealed that ZnSO4 co-administration to maneb-treated mice decreased kidney levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, protein carbonyls, and advanced oxidation protein products; the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants like vitamin C, glutathione, and metallothionein. It recovered the alteration of antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) and attenuated DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, this essential trace element was also able to alleviate kidney biomarkers' alterations by lowering plasma levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, and lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, the histopathological changes induced by maneb were improved following zinc administration. Our results indicated that zinc might be beneficial against maneb-induced renal oxidative damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Sefi
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Ecology, Biology and physiology laboratory of aquatic organisms, Department of Biological Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Mariem Chaâbane
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Elwej
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Safa Bejaoui
- Ecology, Biology and physiology laboratory of aquatic organisms, Department of Biological Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Marrekchi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Jamoussi
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, 3029, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Naourez Gouiaa
- Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomo-pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tahia Boudawara Sellami
- Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomo-pathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M'hamed El Cafsi
- Ecology, Biology and physiology laboratory of aquatic organisms, Department of Biological Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Najiba Zeghal
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nejla Soudani
- Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Ecology, Biology and physiology laboratory of aquatic organisms, Department of Biological Sciences, Sciences Faculty of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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332
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Deoxynivalenol-induced alterations in the redox status of HepG2 cells: identification of lipid hydroperoxides, the role of Nrf2-Keap1 signaling, and protective effects of zinc. Mycotoxin Res 2020; 36:287-299. [PMID: 32076947 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-020-00392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a type B trichothecenes that is widely contaminating human and animal foods, leading to several toxicological implications if ingested. Induction of oxidative stress and production of lipid peroxides were suggested to be the reasons for DON-induced cytotoxicity. However, detailed and comprehensive profiling of DON-related lipid hydroperoxides was not identified. Furthermore, the mechanisms behind DON-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress have received less attention. Zinc (Zn) is an essential element that has antioxidant activities; however, the protective effects of Zn against DON-induced adverse effects were not examined. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate DON-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage to human HepG2 cell lines. Furthermore, a quantitative estimation for the formed lipid hydroperoxides was conducted using LC-MS/MS. In addition, DON-induced transcriptomic changes on the inflammatory markers and antioxidant enzymes were quantitatively examined using qPCR. The protective effects of Zn against DON-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, the formation of lipid hydroperoxides (LPOOH), and antioxidant status in HepG2 cells were investigated. Finally, the effects of DON and Zn on the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway were further explored. The achieved results indicated that DON caused significant cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells accompanied by significant oxidative damage and induction of the inflammatory markers. Identification of DON-related LPOOH revealed the formation of 22 LPOOH species including 14 phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides, 5 triacylglycerol hydroperoxides, and 3 cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides. DON caused significant downregulation of Nrf2-regulated antioxidant enzymes. Zn administration led to significant protection of HepG2 cells against DON-induced adverse effects, probably via activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway.
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333
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Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on broilers' performance and health status. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2043-2054. [PMID: 32016879 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigated the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZONPs) and oxytetracycline (OTC) supplementation on broilers' behavior, performance, carcass quality, biochemical parameters, and intestinal microbial populations and birds' response to Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine. A total of 336 seven-day-old IR broiler chicks were randomly allotted to six dietary treatments containing 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm ZONPs or 50 ppm OTC. Each diet was fed to 7 replicates (8 birds/pen). The results clarified that 10 ppm ZONPs significantly improved the body weight gain and feed conversion in comparison to the control. No changes in behavior were recorded. The 10 ppm and 30 ppm ZONPs and OTC significantly reduced the gizzard weight in comparison to the control. While, 10 ppm ZONPs significantly increased the spleen weight, and all ZONPs doses increased bursa weight in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 20 ppm ZONPs increased the eviscerated yield and edible yield in comparison to the control and OTC groups. 40 ppm ZONPs increased pH, reduced meat color and overall acceptability in comparison to the control. In addition, results revealed that the 20 ppm ZONPs increased Calcium (Ca), High density low cholesterol (HDL-C), reduced urea (UA) and triglyceride (TG). Also, 40 ppm ZONPs and OTC increased creatinine (Cr) and reduced ND-HI titer in comparison to the control. For microbial population, OTC group was significantly lower than ZONPs groups in the total anaerobic, aerobic and lactobacilli count. In conclusion, the dietary inclusion of ZONPs can be applied as antibiotic growth promoter substitutions in broilers' diet. However, further investigations are still needed.
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334
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Kulkarni S, Thambar S, Arora H. Evaluating the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s) for relief of pain associated with temporomandibular joint disorders: A systematic review. Clin Exp Dent Res 2020; 6:134-146. [PMID: 32067407 PMCID: PMC7025987 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this systematic review was to compile the latest evidence to assess the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug(s) (NSAID) in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) in relieving pain. TMDs are a group of musculoskeletal disorders that affect the temporomandibular joint and/or masticatory muscles. METHODS After a literature review, a comprehensive search was conducted via Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases with a systematic search strategy. The inclusion criteria were randomised controlled trials in humans, published in the last 50 years evaluating the effect of NSAIDs on TMDs. Although this duration chosen would potentially identify studies that have utilised outdated treatments, research methodology, and TMDs diagnostic criteria, and this has been considered before making clinical recommendation, it was used to advise future methodological changes necessary. The included studies were subjected to full-text review. RESULTS Out of 646 studies initially identified through searches, 12 were selected for full-text review of which 11 were included in the data synthesis. All 11 studies were randomised controlled trials. In total, 424 patients were included in this review. The earliest study included was 1996. Diagnostic criteria varied among all studies, and some did not specify enough signs and symptoms to construct a diagnosis. Intervention varied among all studies, as did the control. Nonspecific diagnosis, variable control groups, and heterogenous intervention protocols affected the outcome of this review. Despite the reduction of pain in the joint and/or masticatory muscles as well as improved range of motion, conclusive clinical recommendation could not be made. CONCLUSION Heterogeneity did not allow for definitive conclusion; however, there was some evidence to support the use of NSAIDs in patients with TMDs for relief of pain. Further studies with strict, consistent diagnostic criteria and treatment are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kulkarni
- School of Dentistry and Oral HealthGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Samuel Thambar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryGold Coast University HospitalSouthportQLDAustralia
| | - Himanshu Arora
- School of Dentistry and Oral HealthGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
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335
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Iacopi E, Ferranti S, Riitano N, Abbruzzese L, Pieruzzi L, Goretti C, Zampa V, Piaggesi A. Bioactive Glass in a Rare Case of Osteomyelitis of the Heel in a Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 20:60-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1534734619896462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) represents an acute inflammatory immune-mediated demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy with an incidence of 0.6 per 100 000 people. In this article, we report the case of a 19-year-old girl affected by GBS since the age of 2 who presented at our clinic complaining for a chronic plantar hindfoot–infected ulceration. Serology showed increase of inflammatory markers and leukocytosis, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed osteomyelitis of calcaneum and soft tissue alterations with air bubbles. The patient was treated in our clinic by an integrated multidisciplinary approach consisting of immediate admission, soft tissue and bone debridement, and administration of antibiotics under the close control of infectious disease specialist. After the control of acute condition, the patient underwent negative pressure therapy associated with instillation of antiseptic solution until the restoration of bone and soft tissue loss of substance and, eventually, to the application of bioactive glass substitute until the achievement of complete wound healing.
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336
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Bera S, Chowdhury A, Sarkar K, Dastidar P. Design and Synthesis of Zn II -Coordination Polymers Anchored with NSAIDs: Metallovesicle Formation and Multi-drug Delivery. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:503-510. [PMID: 31886623 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of coordination polymers synthesized from a bis-pyridyl linker, namely 4,4'-azopyridine (L), selected non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), namely diclofenac (Dic), ibuprofen (Ibu), flurbiprofen (Flu), mefenamic acid (Mefe), and naproxen (Nap), and Zn(NO3 )2 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. One of the coordination polymers, namely CP3 derived from Flu, was able to form metallovesicles in DMSO, DMSO/H2 O and DMSO/DMEM (biological media) as revealed by TEM, AFM and DLS. Metallovesicle formation by CP3 was further supported by loading a fluorescent dye, namely calcein, as well as an anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), as revealed by UV-vis and emission spectra, and fluorescence microscopy. DOX-loaded metallovesicles of CP3 (DOX@CP3-vesicle) could be delivered in vitro to a highly aggressive human breast cancer cell line, namely MDA-MB-231, as revealed by MTT and cell migration assays, and also cell imaging performed under laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Thus, a proof of concept for developing a multi-drug delivery system derived from a metallovesicle for delivering an anti-cancer drug to cancer cells is demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourabh Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhinanda Chowdhury
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Koushik Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Parthasarathi Dastidar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS), 2A and 2B, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
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337
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Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A Review of Micronutrients and the Immune System-Working in Harmony to Reduce the Risk of Infection. Nutrients 2020; 12:E236. [PMID: 31963293 PMCID: PMC7019735 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 564] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune support by micronutrients is historically based on vitamin C deficiency and supplementation in scurvy in early times. It has since been established that the complex, integrated immune system needs multiple specific micronutrients, including vitamins A, D, C, E, B6, and B12, folate, zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, which play vital, often synergistic roles at every stage of the immune response. Adequate amounts are essential to ensure the proper function of physical barriers and immune cells; however, daily micronutrient intakes necessary to support immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary allowances. Certain populations have inadequate dietary micronutrient intakes, and situations with increased requirements (e.g., infection, stress, and pollution) further decrease stores within the body. Several micronutrients may be deficient, and even marginal deficiency may impair immunity. Although contradictory data exist, available evidence indicates that supplementation with multiple micronutrients with immune-supporting roles may modulate immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Micronutrients with the strongest evidence for immune support are vitamins C and D and zinc. Better design of human clinical studies addressing dosage and combinations of micronutrients in different populations are required to substantiate the benefits of micronutrient supplementation against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian F. Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, 307 Linus Pauling Science Center, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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338
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Wang J, Zhao H, Xu Z, Cheng X. Zinc dysregulation in cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target. Cancer Biol Med 2020; 17:612-625. [PMID: 32944394 PMCID: PMC7476080 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2020.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential element and serves as a structural or catalytic component in many proteins. Two families of transporters are involved in maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis: the ZIP (SLC39A) family that facilitates zinc influx into the cytoplasm, and the ZnT (SLC30A) family that facilitates zinc efflux from the cytoplasm. Zinc dyshomeostasis caused by the dysfunction of zinc transporters can contribute to the initiation or progression of various cancers, including prostate cancer, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer. In addition, intracellular zinc fluctuations lead to the disturbance of certain signaling pathways involved in the malignant properties of cancer cells. This review briefly summarizes our current understanding of zinc dyshomeostasis in cancer, and discusses the potential roles of zinc or zinc transporters in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhelong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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339
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Wiesmann N, Tremel W, Brieger J. Zinc oxide nanoparticles for therapeutic purposes in cancer medicine. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:4973-4989. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00739k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles are characterized by a good biocompatibility while providing a versatile potential as innovative therapeutic agents in cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Wiesmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
- University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University
- Laboratory for Molecular Tumor Biology
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Department of Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-University
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Juergen Brieger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
- University Medical Centre of the Johannes Gutenberg-University
- Laboratory for Molecular Tumor Biology
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
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340
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Suvarna C, Chaitanya NCSK, Ameer S, Mannava H, Bontala P, Alyami JS, Samreen H, Kondapaneni J. A Comparative Evaluation on the Effect of Oral Zinc 50 mg with or without 0.1% Triamcinolone Orabase on Oral Lichen Planus. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:54-58. [PMID: 32002387 PMCID: PMC6967345 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_138_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lichen planus is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, in which CD8+ T-cells releases the cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-12 disrupting basement membrane integrity. Treatment modalities were directed toward the relief in signs and symptoms and preventing recurrences. Zinc activates caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation, resulting in the apoptosis of keratinocytes. Prevention of matrix metalloproteinases1 (MMP1) activation, inhibits the Tcell accumulation in oral lichen planus (OLP) and by inhibiting MMP9, prevents the cleavage of collagen resulting in maintaining the integrity of the basement membrane. OBJECTIVES The main objective of the study is to compare the efficacy of oral zinc 50 mg and 0.1% triamcinolone Orabase with 0.1% triamcinolone Orabase alone on the healing process of symptomatic OLP. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of forty participants were randomly categorized into two groups: Group A and Group B with 20 patients with OLP and having symptoms of burning sensation. Group A patients had received 0.1% triamcinolone Orabase twice daily application. Group B patients had provided with oral zinc 50 mg and 0.1% triamcinolone Orabase twice daily for 8 weeks. The follow-up period for both the groups was 6 months. Lesional size was measured by Thongprasom scale and burning sensation was assessed by visual analog scale at each visit till the cessation of treatment. RESULTS There was decrease in the burning sensation and lesional size from the first visit to follow-up period which was statistically significant in both groups (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION Oral zinc therapy was adjunctive in reducing the burning sensation and lesional size in the symptomatic OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintada Suvarna
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nallan CSK Chaitanya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Shaik Ameer
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Himabindu Mannava
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Parinita Bontala
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Humaira Samreen
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jayasurya Kondapaneni
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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341
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de Oliveira Custódio JM, Enokida IM, Gonçalves DA, Leone de Oliveira SMDV, Venturini J, Carvalho LR, Mendes RP, Paniago AMM. Dynamics of plasma micronutrient concentrations and their correlation with serum proteins and thyroid hormones in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226609. [PMID: 31877169 PMCID: PMC6932777 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals, such as zinc, copper, and iron are reported to play roles in chronic infectious diseases; however, their role in paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the micronutrient dynamics and their correlation with serum proteins and thyroid hormones in patients with PCM. In 14 patients with PCM and 10 healthy subjects, we evaluated the body mass index (BMI) along with serum levels of hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, zinc, copper, magnesium, albumin, globulin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine (free T4), and triiodothyronine (T3). Evaluations were conducted at the first appointment, before treatment, and at the end of the first, second, fourth, and sixth month of PCM treatment. The control group was only evaluated once. We observed that before treatment, patients with PCM, had higher levels of copper and lower level of iron than those of the control group. After one month of treatment, the iron levels increased, whereas the levels of copper after six months of treatment. Reduction in inflammatory activity, indicated by the normalization of C-reactive protein, ferritin, albumin, and globulin levels, was observed during treatment. However, no correlation was observed between the serum levels of minerals and inflammatory activity or thyroid function in this study. In conclusion, our results showed higher serum copper levels in control group compared to those in pretreatment patients; the clinical importance of this observation should be investigated in further studies. After treatment, serum copper levels showed a tendency to decrease. In addition, serum iron levels were decreased at the stage of active disease, and were increased after treatment. Thus, serum iron levels can be used as a better biomarker for treatment control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iasmim Mayumi Enokida
- Scientific initiation CNPq, Faculty of Medicine - FAMED, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Araujo Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, Minas Gerais State University - UEMG, Ituiutaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria do Valle Leone de Oliveira
- Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, Center for Biological and Health Sciences- CCBS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - James Venturini
- Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, Center for Biological and Health Sciences- CCBS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Lidia Raquel Carvalho
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences, State University Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" -UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Mello Miranda Paniago
- Faculty of Medicine- FAMED, Center for Biological and Health Sciences- CCBS, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
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342
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Lin W, Han W, Wen K, Huang S, Tang Y, Lin Z, Han M. The Alterations of Copper and Zinc Homeostasis in Acute Appendicitis and the Clinical Significance. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:116-122. [PMID: 30771140 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are involved in inflammatory process. This study was to investigate the clinical significance of Cu and Zn homeostasis alterations in acute appendicitis (AA). One hundred twenty-two AA patients and 102 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Of which, 85 patients' appendixes were collected after appendectomy. Another six appendixes from colon cancer patients were collected as tissue controls. The contents of Cu and Zn in serum or appendix were detected, and the Cu to Zn ratio (CZr) was calculated. The concentrations of serum ceruloplasmin (CP), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-22 in serum were measured, as well as the activity of CP and SOD1. The serum Zn concentration and SOD1 activity, appendix contents of Cu and Zn significantly decreased in AA patients, compared with those of controls, while serum CZr, concentrations of CP, SOD1, and IL-6, as well as CP activity increased significantly in AA patients. Additionally, serum concentrations of Zn, CP, CZr, or SOD1 activity varied in different pathological types of AA. Indicators such as serum SOD1 activity might serve as predictors for pathological classification before surgery. The serum Zn and CZr may be helpful for diagnosis of pure AA. The Cu and Zn homeostasis was altered in AA patients, which might contribute to inflammatory process of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Lin
- Emergency Department of Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wei Han
- Emergency Department of Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Department of Microsurgery, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Sunhua Huang
- Emergency Department of Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yao Tang
- Emergency Department of Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhexuan Lin
- Bio-analytical Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
| | - Ming Han
- Emergency Department of Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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343
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Zhen J, Yu H, Ji H, Cai L, Leng J, Keller BB. Neonatal murine engineered cardiac tissue toxicology model: Impact of dexrazoxane on doxorubicin induced injury. Life Sci 2019; 239:117070. [PMID: 31751580 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity is a life-threatening side effect of chemotherapy and decreased cardiac function can present years after treatment. Despite the investigation of a broad range of pharmacologic interventions, to date the only drug shown to reduce DOX-related cardiotoxicity in preclinical studies and limited clinical trials is the iron chelating agent, dexrazoxane (DRZ), although the mechanisms responsible for DRZ mediated protection from DOX related cardiotoxicity remain unclear. Engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) can be used for tissue repair strategies and as in vitro surrogate models to test cardiac toxicities and preventative countermeasures. Neonatal murine ECTs display cardiotoxicity in response to the environmental toxin, cadmium, and reduced cadmium toxicity with Zinc co-treatment, in part via the induction of the anti-oxidant Metallothionein (MT). We adapted our in vitro ECT model to determine the feasibility of using the ECT approach to investigate DOX-related cardiac injury and DRZ prevention. We found: (1) DOX induced dose and time dependent cell death in ECTs; (2) Zinc did not show protection from DOX cardiotoxicity; (3) MT overexpression induced by Zinc, low dose Cd pretreatment, or MT-overexpression (MT-TG) did not reduce ECT DOX cardiotoxicity; (4) DRZ reduced ECT DOX induced cell death; and (5) The mechanism of DRZ ECT protection from DOX cardiotoxicity was topoisomerase 2B (TOP2B) inhibition rather than reduced reactive oxygen species. Our data support the feasibility of ECTs as an in vitro platform technology for the investigation of drug induced cardiotoxicities including the role of TOP2B in DOX toxicity and DRZ mediated DOX toxicity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhen
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Haitao Yu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Honglei Ji
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jiyan Leng
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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344
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Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Al-Qaisi M, Abeyta MA, Goetz BM, Ramirez Ramirez HA, Kleinschmit DH, Baumgard LH. Effects of dietary zinc source on the metabolic and immunological response to lipopolysaccharide in lactating Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11681-11700. [PMID: 31606208 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of replacing 40 mg/kg of Zn from Zn sulfate (control; CON) with Zn AA complex (AvZn) on metabolism and immunological responses following an intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in lactating cows. Cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) pair-fed (PF) control (PF-CON; 5 mL of saline; n = 5), (2) PF AvZn (PF-AvZn; 5 mL of saline; n = 5), (3) LPS euglycemic clamp control (LPS-CON; 0.375 μg of LPS/kg of BW; n = 5), and (4) LPS euglycemic clamp AvZn (LPS-AvZn; 0.375 μg of LPS/kg of BW; n = 5). Cows were enrolled in 3 experimental periods (P). During period 1 (3 d), cows received their respective dietary treatments and baseline data were obtained. During period 2 (P2; 2 d), a 12-h LPS euglycemic clamp was conducted or cows were PF to their respective dietary counterparts. During period 3 (P3; 3 d), cows received their dietary treatment and consumed feed ad libitum. Mild hyperthermia (1°C) was observed in LPS cows at 3 h postbolus. Throughout P2, the rectal temperature of LPS-AvZn cows was decreased (0.3°C) relative to LPS-CON cows. Administrating LPS decreased dry matter intake (47%) during P2, and by experimental design the pattern was similar in PF cohorts. During P3, dry matter intake from LPS cows remained decreased (15%) relative to PF cows. Milk yield from LPS cows decreased (54%) during P2 relative to PF cows, but it was similar during P3. During P2, somatic cell count increased 3-fold in LPS cows relative to PF controls. Dietary AvZn tended to decrease somatic cell count (70%) during P3 relative to LPS-CON cows. Insulin increased 7-fold in LPS cows at 12 h postbolus and remained increased (4-fold) for the duration of P2. Circulating glucagon from LPS cows increased (65%) during P2, and supplementing AvZn blunted the increase (30% relative to LPS-CON). During P2, circulating cortisol increased 7-fold post-LPS infusion relative to PF cows, and supplementing AvZn decreased cortisol (58%) from 6 to 48 h postbolus relative to LPS-CON cows. Administrating LPS increased circulating LPS-binding protein and serum amyloid A (3- and 9-fold, respectively) relative to PF cows. Compared with LPS-CON, LPS-AvZn cows had increased circulating serum amyloid A (38%) 24 h postbolus. The 12-h total glucose deficit was 36 and 1,606 g for the PF and LPS treatments, respectively, but was not influenced by Zn source. In summary, replacing a portion of the Zn sulfate with Zn AA complex appeared to reduce the inflammatory response but had no effect on the glucose deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | | | | | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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345
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Skrajnowska D, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2273. [PMID: 31546724 PMCID: PMC6835436 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body cannot store zinc reserves, so a deficiency can arise relatively quickly, e.g., through an improper diet. Severe zinc deficiency is rare, but mild deficiencies are common around the world. Many epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between the zinc content in the diet and the risk of cancer. The anti-cancer effect of zinc is most often associated with its antioxidant properties. However, this is just one of many possibilities, including the influence of zinc on the immune system, transcription factors, cell differentiation and proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis and repair, enzyme activation or inhibition, the regulation of cellular signaling, and the stabilization of the cell structure and membranes. This study presents selected issues regarding the current knowledge of anti-cancer mechanisms involving this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Skrajnowska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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346
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Šefcová M, Levkut M, Bobíková K, Karaffová V, Revajová V, Maruščáková IC, Levkutová M, Ševčíková Z, Herich R, Levkut M. Cytokine response after stimulation of culture cells by zinc and probiotic strain. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:830-837. [PMID: 31520371 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00401-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal porcine epithelial cells were used for an in vitro analysis of mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8, IL-18) and transcriptional factors (MyD88 and NF-κβ). Cells were exposed to inorganic and organic zinc sources (in two different concentrations-50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L) alone or combined with Lactobacillus reuteri B6/1, which was also applied individually. The total exposure time was 4 h. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to determine expression levels of the aforementioned parameters. In general, upregulation was observed; however, a decrease of some mRNA's abundance was also determined. Differences in expression were analysed statistically using ANOVA and Tukey analyses. High relative expression was shown for IL-8, IL-18 and MyD88 in groups treated with 100 μmol/L of inorganic sources of zinc (ZnSO4) (p < 0.05), while groups treated with the organic form did not exhibit significant changes in expression. Also, 50 μmol/L of either zinc source did not significantly modify the transcriptional profile of the cytokines and transcription factors, showing that even inorganic sources, at lower concentrations, do not elicit a significant inflammatory reaction. In summary, supplementation of organic zinc source (Gly-Zn chelate) ensures that IL-8, IL-18, MyD88 and NF-κβ expression levels are not positively regulated. In contrast, inorganic sources of zinc (ZnSO4) could induce an inflammatory reaction. However, this response could be dampened if L. reuteri B6/1 is administered, showing the helpful aspect of using probiotics to modulate an inflammatory response. Conclusively, the use Gly-Zn chelate appears as an optimal alternative for Zn administration that does not compromise normal intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Šefcová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Martin Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Bobíková
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Karaffová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Cingeľová Maruščáková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mária Levkutová
- Department of Epizootiology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Ševčíková
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Mikuláš Levkut
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Pathological Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181, Košice, Slovak Republic
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Science, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84510, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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347
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Cecilia OM, José Alberto CG, José NP, Ernesto Germán CM, Ana Karen LC, Luis Miguel RP, Ricardo Raúl RR, Adolfo Daniel RC. Oxidative Stress as the Main Target in Diabetic Retinopathy Pathophysiology. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:8562408. [PMID: 31511825 PMCID: PMC6710812 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8562408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) causing vision impairment even at young ages. There are numerous mechanisms involved in its development such as inflammation and cellular degeneration leading to endothelial and neural damage. These mechanisms are interlinked thus worsening the diabetic retinopathy outcome. In this review, we propose oxidative stress as the focus point of this complication onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olvera-Montaño Cecilia
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Castellanos-González José Alberto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Specialties Hospital of the National Occidental Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico
| | - Navarro-Partida José
- Tecnológico de Monterrey Institute, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Cardona-Muñoz Ernesto Germán
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - López-Contreras Ana Karen
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Robles-Rivera Ricardo Raúl
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Rodríguez-Carrizalez Adolfo Daniel
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
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348
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Kilby K, Mathias H, Boisvenue L, Heisler C, Jones JL. Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1388. [PMID: 31226828 PMCID: PMC6627381 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder associated with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. While it is poorly understood, the role of nutrition and nutrient status in the etiology of IBD and its associated outcomes has led to increased research relating to micronutrient deficiency. This review offers an overview of recent literature related to micronutrient absorption and outcomes in adults with IBD. Although the absorption and IBD-related outcomes of some micronutrients (e.g., vitamin D and iron) are well understood, other micronutrients (e.g., vitamin A) require further research. Increased research and clinician knowledge of the relationship between micronutrients and IBD may manifest in improved nutrient screening, monitoring, treatment, and outcomes for people living with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kilby
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1459 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3J 4R2, Canada.
| | - Holly Mathias
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS B3H 1T8, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Boisvenue
- Seaway Valley Community Health Care, 353 Pitt Street, Cornwall, ON K6J 3R1, Canada.
| | - Courtney Heisler
- Nova Scotia Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, QEII Health Science Centre, Room 932, Victoria Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Nova Scotia Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, QEII Health Science Centre, Room 932, Victoria Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada.
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349
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Ischia J, Bolton DM, Patel O. Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application. Metallomics 2019; 11:1330-1343. [PMID: 31204765 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia (interruption in the blood/oxygen supply) and subsequent damage induced by reperfusion (restoration of blood/oxygen supply) ultimately leads to cell death, tissue injury and permanent organ dysfunction. The impact of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not limited to heart attack and stroke but can be extended to patients undergoing surgeries such as partial nephrectomy for renal cancer, liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can protect organs against the inevitable peril of IRI. Recent data show that a protocol incorporating specific Zn formulation, dosage, number of dosages, time of injection, and mode of Zn delivery (intravenous) and testing of efficacy in a large preclinical sheep model of IRI strongly supports human trials of Zn preconditioning. No doubt, scepticism still exists among funding bodies and research fraternity on whether Zn, a naturally occurring metal, will work where everything else has failed. Therefore, in this article, we review the conflicting evidence on the promoter and protector role of Zn in the case of IRI and highlight factors that may help explain the contradictory evidence. Finally, we review the literature related to the knowledge of Zn's mechanism of action on ROS generation, apoptosis, HIF activation, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, which highlight Zn's likelihood of success compared to various other interventions targeting IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ischia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien M Bolton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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350
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Mohammed A H, Adel Amin K. Alteration of Serum and Hepatic Trace Element Level in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-induced by High-fat Sucrose Diet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ajsr.2019.323.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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