301
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Abstract
Recent studies show that subtle variations in thyroid function, including subclinical thyroid dysfunction, and even variation in thyroid function within the normal range, are associated with morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that 40-65% of the inter-individual variation in serum TSH and FT4 levels is determined by genetic factors. To identify these factors, various linkage and candidate gene studies have been performed in the past, which have identified only a few genes. In the last decade, genome-wide association studies identified many new genes, while recent whole-genome sequencing efforts have also been proven to be effective. In the current review, we provide a systematic overview of these studies, including strengths and limitations. We discuss new techniques which will further clarify the genetic basis of thyroid function in the near future, as well as the potential use of these genetic markers in personalizing the management of thyroid disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Theo J Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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302
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Diversity in non-repetitive human sequences not found in the reference genome. Nat Genet 2017; 49:588-593. [PMID: 28250455 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genomes usually contain some non-repetitive sequences that are missing from the reference genome and occur only in a population subset. Such non-repetitive, non-reference (NRNR) sequences have remained largely unexplored in terms of their characterization and downstream analyses. Here we describe 3,791 breakpoint-resolved NRNR sequence variants called using PopIns from whole-genome sequence data of 15,219 Icelanders. We found that over 95% of the 244 NRNR sequences that are 200 bp or longer are present in chimpanzees, indicating that they are ancestral. Furthermore, 149 variant loci are in linkage disequilibrium (r2 > 0.8) with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) catalog marker, suggesting disease relevance. Additionally, we report an association (P = 3.8 × 10-8, odds ratio (OR) = 0.92) with myocardial infarction (23,360 cases, 300,771 controls) for a 766-bp NRNR sequence variant. Our results underline the importance of including variation of all complexity levels when searching for variants that associate with disease.
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303
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A molecular census of arcuate hypothalamus and median eminence cell types. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:484-496. [PMID: 28166221 PMCID: PMC5323293 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic arcuate-median eminence complex (Arc-ME) controls energy balance, fertility, and growth through molecularly distinct cell types, many of which remain unknown. To catalog cell types in an unbiased way, we profiled gene expression in 20,921 individual cells in and around the adult mouse Arc-ME using Drop-seq. We identify 50 transcriptionally distinct Arc-ME cell populations, including a rare tanycyte population at the Arc-ME diffusion barrier, a novel leptin-sensing neuronal population, multiple AgRP and POMC subtypes, and an orexigenic somatostatin neuronal population. We extended Drop-seq to detect dynamic expression changes across relevant physiological perturbations, revealing cell type-specific responses to energy status, including distinctly responsive subtypes of AgRP and POMC neurons. Finally, integrating our data with human GWAS data implicates two previously unknown neuronal subtypes in the genetic control of obesity. This resource will accelerate biological discovery by providing insights into molecular and cell type diversity from which function can be inferred.
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304
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Föger K, Gora-Stahlberg G, Sejvar J, Ovuga E, Jilek-Aall L, Schmutzhard E, Kaiser C, Winkler AS. Nakalanga Syndrome: Clinical Characteristics, Potential Causes, and Its Relationship with Recently Described Nodding Syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005201. [PMID: 28182652 PMCID: PMC5300103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nakalanga syndrome is a condition that was described in Uganda and various other African countries decades ago. Its features include growth retardation, physical deformities, endocrine dysfunction, mental impairment, and epilepsy, amongst others. Its cause remains obscure. Nodding syndrome is a neurological disorder with some features in common with Nakalanga syndrome, which has been described mainly in Uganda, South Sudan, and Tanzania. It has been considered an encephalopathy affecting children who, besides head nodding attacks, can also present with stunted growth, delayed puberty, and mental impairment, amongst other symptoms. Despite active research over the last years on the pathogenesis of Nodding syndrome, to date, no convincing single cause of Nodding syndrome has been reported. In this review, by means of a thorough literature search, we compare features of both disorders. We conclude that Nakalanga and Nodding syndromes are closely related and may represent the same condition. Our findings may provide new directions in research on the cause underlying this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Föger
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - James Sejvar
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Emilio Ovuga
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda
| | - Louise Jilek-Aall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erich Schmutzhard
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Andrea S. Winkler
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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305
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Pasaniuc B, Price AL. Dissecting the genetics of complex traits using summary association statistics. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 18:117-127. [PMID: 27840428 PMCID: PMC5449190 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used to successfully identify tens of thousands of genetic variants associated with complex traits and diseases. These studies have produced extensive repositories of genetic variation and trait measurements across large numbers of individuals, providing tremendous opportunities for further analyses. However, privacy concerns and other logistical considerations often limit access to individual-level genetic data, motivating the development of methods that analyse summary association statistics. Here, we review recent progress on statistical methods that leverage summary association data to gain insights into the genetic basis of complex traits and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Departments of Human Genetics, and Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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306
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Zheng J, Erzurumluoglu AM, Elsworth BL, Kemp JP, Howe L, Haycock PC, Hemani G, Tansey K, Laurin C, Pourcain BS, Warrington NM, Finucane HK, Price AL, Bulik-Sullivan BK, Anttila V, Paternoster L, Gaunt TR, Evans DM, Neale BM. LD Hub: a centralized database and web interface to perform LD score regression that maximizes the potential of summary level GWAS data for SNP heritability and genetic correlation analysis. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:272-279. [PMID: 27663502 PMCID: PMC5542030 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION LD score regression is a reliable and efficient method of using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary-level results data to estimate the SNP heritability of complex traits and diseases, partition this heritability into functional categories, and estimate the genetic correlation between different phenotypes. Because the method relies on summary level results data, LD score regression is computationally tractable even for very large sample sizes. However, publicly available GWAS summary-level data are typically stored in different databases and have different formats, making it difficult to apply LD score regression to estimate genetic correlations across many different traits simultaneously. RESULTS In this manuscript, we describe LD Hub - a centralized database of summary-level GWAS results for 173 diseases/traits from different publicly available resources/consortia and a web interface that automates the LD score regression analysis pipeline. To demonstrate functionality and validate our software, we replicated previously reported LD score regression analyses of 49 traits/diseases using LD Hub; and estimated SNP heritability and the genetic correlation across the different phenotypes. We also present new results obtained by uploading a recent atopic dermatitis GWAS meta-analysis to examine the genetic correlation between the condition and other potentially related traits. In response to the growing availability of publicly accessible GWAS summary-level results data, our database and the accompanying web interface will ensure maximal uptake of the LD score regression methodology, provide a useful database for the public dissemination of GWAS results, and provide a method for easily screening hundreds of traits for overlapping genetic aetiologies. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The web interface and instructions for using LD Hub are available at http://ldsc.broadinstitute.org/ CONTACT: jie.zheng@bristol.ac.ukSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - A Mesut Erzurumluoglu
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Benjamin L Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - John P Kemp
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laurence Howe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Philip C Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Katherine Tansey
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Charles Laurin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicole M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hilary K Finucane
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alkes L Price
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brendan K Bulik-Sullivan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Verneri Anttila
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
| | - David M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin M Neale
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytical and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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307
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Sequeira ME, Lewis SJ, Bonilla C, Smith GD, Joinson C. Association of timing of menarche with depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence: Mendelian randomisation study. Br J Psychiatry 2017; 210:39-46. [PMID: 27491534 PMCID: PMC5209630 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.168617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies report associations between early menarche and higher levels of depressive symptoms and depression. However, no studies have investigated whether this association is causal. AIMS To determine whether earlier menarche is a causal risk factor for depressive symptoms and depression in adolescence. METHOD The associations between a genetic score for age at menarche and depressive symptoms at 14, 17 and 19 years, and depression at 18 years, were examined using Mendelian randomisation analysis techniques. RESULTS Using a genetic risk score to indicate earlier timing of menarche, we found that early menarche is associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms at 14 years (odds ratio per risk allele 1.02, 95% CI 1.005-1.04, n = 2404). We did not find an association between the early menarche risk score and depressive symptoms or depression after age 14. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for a causal effect of age at menarche on depressive symptoms at age 14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija-Eliina Sequeira
- Maija-Eliina Sequeira, MSc, Sarah J. Lewis, PhD, Carolina Bonilla, PhD, George Davey Smith, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Carol Joinson, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Maija-Eliina Sequeira, MSc, Sarah J. Lewis, PhD, Carolina Bonilla, PhD, George Davey Smith, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Carol Joinson, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- Maija-Eliina Sequeira, MSc, Sarah J. Lewis, PhD, Carolina Bonilla, PhD, George Davey Smith, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Carol Joinson, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Maija-Eliina Sequeira, MSc, Sarah J. Lewis, PhD, Carolina Bonilla, PhD, George Davey Smith, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Carol Joinson, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carol Joinson
- Maija-Eliina Sequeira, MSc, Sarah J. Lewis, PhD, Carolina Bonilla, PhD, George Davey Smith, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, and MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Carol Joinson, PhD, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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308
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Pearse DE. Saving the spandrels? Adaptive genomic variation in conservation and fisheries management. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:2697-2716. [PMID: 27723095 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As highlighted by many of the papers in this issue, research on the genomic basis of adaptive phenotypic variation in natural populations has made spectacular progress in the past few years, largely due to the advances in sequencing technology and analysis. Without question, the resulting genomic data will improve the understanding of regions of the genome under selection and extend knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptive evolution. What is far less clear, but has been the focus of active discussion, is how such information can or should transfer into conservation practice to complement more typical conservation applications of genetic data. Before such applications can be realized, the evolutionary importance of specific targets of selection relative to the genome-wide diversity of the species as a whole must be evaluated. The key issues for the incorporation of adaptive genomic variation in conservation and management are discussed here, using published examples of adaptive genomic variation associated with specific phenotypes in salmonids and other taxa to highlight practical considerations for incorporating such information into conservation programmes. Scenarios are described in which adaptive genomic data could be used in conservation or restoration, constraints on its utility and the importance of validating inferences drawn from new genomic data before applying them in conservation practice. Finally, it is argued that an excessive focus on preserving the adaptive variation that can be measured, while ignoring the vast unknown majority that cannot, is a modern twist on the adaptationist programme that Gould and Lewontin critiqued almost 40 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Pearse
- Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, U.S.A
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309
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Shi J, Zhang B, Choi JY, Gao YT, Li H, Lu W, Long J, Kang D, Xiang YB, Wen W, Park SK, Ye X, Noh DY, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chung S, Lin X, Cai Q, Shu XO. Age at menarche and age at natural menopause in East Asian women: a genome-wide association study. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:513-523. [PMID: 27629107 PMCID: PMC5266214 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Age at menarche (AM) and age at natural menopause (ANM) are complex traits with a high heritability. Abnormal timing of menarche or menopause is associated with a reduced span of fertility and risk for several age-related diseases including breast, endometrial and ovarian cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. To identify novel genetic loci for AM or ANM in East Asian women and to replicate previously identified loci primarily in women of European ancestry by genome-wide association studies (GWASs), we conducted a two-stage GWAS. Stage I aimed to discover promising novel AM and ANM loci using GWAS data of 8073 women from Shanghai, China. The Stage II replication study used the data from another Chinese GWAS (n = 1230 for AM and n = 1458 for ANM), a Korean GWAS (n = 4215 for AM and n = 1739 for ANM), and de novo genotyping of 2877 additional Chinese women. Previous GWAS-identified loci for AM and ANM were also evaluated. We identified two suggestive menarcheal age loci tagged by rs79195475 at 10q21.3 (beta = -0.118 years, P = 3.4 × 10-6) and rs1023935 at 4p15.1 (beta = -0.145 years, P = 4.9 × 10-6) and one menopausal age locus tagged by rs3818134 at 22q12.2 (beta = -0.276 years, P = 8.8 × 10-6). These suggestive loci warrant a further validation in independent populations. Although limited by low statistical power, we replicated 19 of the 98 menarche loci and 5 of the 20 menopause loci previously identified in women of European ancestry in East Asian women, suggesting a shared genetic architecture for these two traits across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Shi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Ben Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jirong Long
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqing Wen
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xingwang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Seokang Chung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2525 West End Avenue, Suite 600, IMPH, Nashville, Tennessee, 37203, USA.
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310
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Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior. Nat Genet 2016; 48:1462-1472. [PMID: 27798627 PMCID: PMC5695684 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior-age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB)-has a strong relationship with fitness, human development, infertility and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, very few genetic loci have been identified, and the underlying mechanisms of AFB and NEB are poorly understood. We report a large genome-wide association study of both sexes including 251,151 individuals for AFB and 343,072 individuals for NEB. We identified 12 independent loci that are significantly associated with AFB and/or NEB in a SNP-based genome-wide association study and 4 additional loci associated in a gene-based effort. These loci harbor genes that are likely to have a role, either directly or by affecting non-local gene expression, in human reproduction and infertility, thereby increasing understanding of these complex traits.
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311
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van der Kaay DCM, Levine BS, Doyle D, Mendoza-Londono R, Palmert MR. RASopathies Are Associated With Delayed Puberty; Are They Associated With Precocious Puberty Too? Pediatrics 2016; 138:peds.2016-0182. [PMID: 27940666 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RASopathies, such as Noonan, Costello, and cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes, are developmental disorders caused by mutations in rat sarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway genes. Mutations that cause Noonan syndrome have been associated with delayed puberty. Here we report 4 patients with either Costello or cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome who developed precocious puberty, suggesting complex regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the timing of puberty by the rat sarcoma-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Additional study of the timing of puberty among patients with RASopathies is warranted to ascertain the incidence of delayed and precocious puberty in these conditions and to examine genotype-phenotype correlations, which may provide insight into pathways that regulate the timing of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bat-Sheva Levine
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Daniel Doyle
- Division of Endocrinology, Nemours Alfred I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Londono
- Divisions of Endocrinology and.,Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Divisions of Endocrinology and.,Departments of Pediatrics and.,Physiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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312
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Benonisdottir S, Oddsson A, Helgason A, Kristjansson RP, Sveinbjornsson G, Oskarsdottir A, Thorleifsson G, Davidsson OB, Arnadottir GA, Sulem G, Jensson BO, Holm H, Alexandersson KF, Tryggvadottir L, Walters GB, Gudjonsson SA, Ward LD, Sigurdsson JK, Iordache PD, Frigge ML, Rafnar T, Kong A, Masson G, Helgason H, Thorsteinsdottir U, Gudbjartsson DF, Sulem P, Stefansson K. Epigenetic and genetic components of height regulation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13490. [PMID: 27848971 PMCID: PMC5116096 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult height is a highly heritable trait. Here we identified 31.6 million sequence variants by whole-genome sequencing of 8,453 Icelanders and tested them for association with adult height by imputing them into 88,835 Icelanders. Here we discovered 13 novel height associations by testing four different models including parent-of-origin (|β|=0.4-10.6 cm). The minor alleles of three parent-of-origin signals associate with less height only when inherited from the father and are located within imprinted regions (IGF2-H19 and DLK1-MEG3). We also examined the association of these sequence variants in a set of 12,645 Icelanders with birth length measurements. Two of the novel variants, (IGF2-H19 and TET1), show significant association with both adult height and birth length, indicating a role in early growth regulation. Among the parent-of-origin signals, we observed opposing parental effects raising questions about underlying mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that common variations affect human growth by parental imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnar Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Department of Anthropology, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gerald Sulem
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Laufey Tryggvadottir
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Icelandic Cancer Registry, 105 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Lucas D Ward
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Paul D Iordache
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | | | - Augustine Kong
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gisli Masson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hannes Helgason
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
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313
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Mika KM, Lynch VJ. An Ancient Fecundability-Associated Polymorphism Switches a Repressor into an Enhancer of Endometrial TAP2 Expression. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:1059-1071. [PMID: 27745831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation in female reproductive traits, such as fertility, fecundity, and fecundability, is heritable in humans, but identifying and functionally characterizing genetic variants associated with these traits has been challenging. Here, we explore the functional significance and evolutionary history of a T/C polymorphism of SNP rs2071473, which we have previously shown is an eQTL for TAP2 and significantly associated with fecundability (time to pregnancy). We replicated the association between the rs2071473 genotype and TAP2 expression by using GTEx data and demonstrated that TAP2 is expressed by decidual stromal cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Next, we showed that rs2071473 is located within a progesterone-responsive cis-regulatory element that functions as a repressor with the T allele and an enhancer with the C allele. Remarkably, we found that this polymorphism arose before the divergence of modern and archaic humans, segregates at intermediate to high frequencies across human populations, and has genetic signatures of long-term balancing selection. This variant has also previously been identified in genome-wide association studies of immune-related disease, suggesting that both alleles are maintained as a result of antagonistic pleiotropy.
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314
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Kiess W, Hoppmann J, Gesing J, Penke M, Körner A, Kratzsch J, Pfaeffle R. Puberty - genes, environment and clinical issues. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:1229-1231. [PMID: 27771625 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2016-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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315
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Rao YS, Pak TR. microRNAs and the adolescent brain: Filling the knowledge gap. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 70:313-322. [PMID: 27328787 PMCID: PMC5074866 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over two decades ago the discovery of microRNAs (miRNA) broadened our understanding of the diverse molecular pathways mediating post-transcriptional control over gene expression. These small non-coding RNAs dynamically fluctuate, temporally and spatially, throughout the lifespan of all organisms. The fundamental role that miRNAs have in shaping embryonic neurodevelopment provides strong evidence that adolescent brain remodeling could be rooted in the changing miRNA landscape of the cell. Few studies have directly measured miRNA gene expression changes in the brain across pubertal development, and even less is known about the functional impact of those miRNAs on the maturational processes that occur in the developing adolescent brain. This review summarizes miRNA biogenesis and function in the brain in the context of normal (i.e. not diseased) physiology. These landmark studies can guide predictions about the role of miRNAs in facilitating maturation of the adolescent brain. However, there are clear indicators that adolescence/puberty is a unique life stage, suggesting miRNA function during adolescence is distinct from those in any other previously described system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yathindar S Rao
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, United States
| | - Toni R Pak
- Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, United States.
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316
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GWIS: Genome-Wide Inferred Statistics for Functions of Multiple Phenotypes. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:917-927. [PMID: 27616482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a method of genome-wide inferred study (GWIS) that provides an approximation of genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics for a variable that is a function of phenotypes for which GWAS summary statistics, phenotypic means, and covariances are available. A GWIS can be performed regardless of sample overlap between the GWAS of the phenotypes on which the function depends. Because a GWIS provides association estimates and their standard errors for each SNP, a GWIS can form the basis for polygenic risk scoring, LD score regression, Mendelian randomization studies, biological annotation, and other analyses. GWISs can also be used to boost power of a GWAS meta-analysis where cohorts have not measured all constituent phenotypes in the function. We demonstrate the accuracy of a BMI GWIS by performing power simulations and type I error simulations under varying circumstances, and we apply a GWIS by reconstructing a body mass index (BMI) GWAS based on a weight GWAS and a height GWAS. Furthermore, we apply a GWIS to further our understanding of the underlying genetic structure of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia and their relation to educational attainment. Our analyses suggest that the previously reported genetic correlation between schizophrenia and educational attainment is probably induced by the observed genetic correlation between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and the previously reported genetic correlation between bipolar disorder and educational attainment.
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317
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Dramatic acceleration of reproductive aging, contraction of biochemical fecundity and healthspan-lifespan implications of opioid-induced endocrinopathy-FSH/LH ratio and other interrelationships. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 66:20-30. [PMID: 27663472 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Whilst disturbances of female reproductive hormones and function are commonplace in opioid dependence, their pathophysiological interrelationships are not well understood. Hormonal levels in females were compared in 77 opioid dependent patients (ODP) and 148 medical controls (MC) including 205 and 364 repeat studies. Significant changes in FSH, LH, oestradiol, testosterone and SBG were noted including power functions with age. The FSH/LH was lower in ODP (P=0.0150) and the ratio inversion point occurred at 28.06±9.36v. 46.26±4.76years, implying a 58% reduction in fertility duration. FSH has been shown to induce ovarian failure and GnRH (controlling LH and FSH) has been shown to regulate longevity systemically. This implies that, far from being benign, these findings explicate the adverse experience of female compared to male ODP, exacerbate opioid-dependent aging amongst females, and informs the care of opioid dependent women, particularly relating to the choice, dose and duration of agonist or antagonist therapy.
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318
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Pers TH. Gene set analysis for interpreting genetic studies. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:R133-R140. [PMID: 27511725 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Interpretation of genome-wide association study (GWAS) results is lacking behind the discovery of new genetic associations. Consequently, there is an urgent need for data-driven methods for interpreting genetic association studies. Gene set analysis (GSA) can identify aetiologic pathways and functional annotations and may hence point towards novel biological insights. However, despite the growing availability of GSA tools, the sizeable amount of variants identified for a vast number of complex traits, and many irrefutably trait-associated gene sets, the gap between discovery and interpretation remains. More efficient interpretation requires more complete and consistent gene set representations of biological pathways, phenotypes and functional annotations. In this review, I examine different types of gene sets, discuss how inconsistencies in gene set definitions impact GSA, describe how GSA has helped to elucidate biology and outline potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tune H Pers
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic, Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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319
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanism of puberty initiation remains an enigma, despite extensive research in the field. Pulsatile pituitary gonadotropin secretion under the guidance of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) constitutes a sine qua non for pubertal onset. In turn, the secretion of GnRH in the human hypothalamus is regulated by kisspeptin and its receptor as well as by permissive or opposing signals mediated by neurokinin B and dynorphin acting on their respective receptors. These three supra-GnRH regulators compose the Kisspeptin, Neurokinin B and Dynorhin neurons (KNDy) system, a key player in pubertal onset and progression. RECENT FINDINGS The recent discovery that makorin ring finger protein 3 is also involved in puberty initiation provided further insights into the regulation of the KNDy pathway. In fact, the inhibitory (γ-amino butyric acid, neuropeptide Y, and RFamide-related peptide-3) and stimulatory signals (glutamate) acting upstream of KNDy called into question the role of makorin ring finger protein 3 as the gatekeeper of puberty. Meanwhile, the findings that 'neuroestradiol' produced locally and endocrine disruptors from the environment may influence GnRH secretion is intriguing. Finally, epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in pubertal onset through recently discovered mechanisms. SUMMARY The exact molecular machinery underlying puberty initiation in humans is under intensive investigation. In this review, we summarize research evidence in the field, while emphasizing the areas of uncertainty and underlining the impact of current information on the evolving theory regarding this fascinating phenomenon.
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320
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Beauchamp JP. Genetic evidence for natural selection in humans in the contemporary United States. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7774-9. [PMID: 27402742 PMCID: PMC4948342 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1600398113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings from molecular genetics now make it possible to test directly for natural selection by analyzing whether genetic variants associated with various phenotypes have been under selection. I leverage these findings to construct polygenic scores that use individuals' genotypes to predict their body mass index, educational attainment (EA), glucose concentration, height, schizophrenia, total cholesterol, and (in females) age at menarche. I then examine associations between these scores and fitness to test whether natural selection has been occurring. My study sample includes individuals of European ancestry born between 1931 and 1953 who participated in the Health and Retirement Study, a representative study of the US population. My results imply that natural selection has been slowly favoring lower EA in both females and males, and are suggestive that natural selection may have favored a higher age at menarche in females. For EA, my estimates imply a rate of selection of about -1.5 mo of education per generation (which pales in comparison with the increases in EA observed in contemporary times). Although they cannot be projected over more than one generation, my results provide additional evidence that humans are still evolving-albeit slowly, especially compared with the rapid changes that have occurred over the past few generations due to cultural and environmental factors.
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321
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Shi H, Kichaev G, Pasaniuc B. Contrasting the Genetic Architecture of 30 Complex Traits from Summary Association Data. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 99:139-53. [PMID: 27346688 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variance-component methods that estimate the aggregate contribution of large sets of variants to the heritability of complex traits have yielded important insights into the genetic architecture of common diseases. Here, we introduce methods that estimate the total trait variance explained by the typed variants at a single locus in the genome (local SNP heritability) from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data while accounting for linkage disequilibrium among variants. We applied our estimator to ultra-large-scale GWAS summary data of 30 common traits and diseases to gain insights into their local genetic architecture. First, we found that common SNPs have a high contribution to the heritability of all studied traits. Second, we identified traits for which the majority of the SNP heritability can be confined to a small percentage of the genome. Third, we identified GWAS risk loci where the entire locus explains significantly more variance in the trait than the GWAS reported variants. Finally, we identified loci that explain a significant amount of heritability across multiple traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huwenbo Shi
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Gleb Kichaev
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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322
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Cuellar-Partida G, Lu Y, Dixon SC, Fasching PA, Hein A, Burghaus S, Beckmann MW, Lambrechts D, Van Nieuwenhuysen E, Vergote I, Vanderstichele A, Doherty JA, Rossing MA, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Wang-Gohrke S, Goodman MT, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Dürst M, Hillemanns P, Runnebaum IB, Antonenkova N, Butzow R, Leminen A, Nevanlinna H, Pelttari LM, Edwards RP, Kelley JL, Modugno F, Moysich KB, Ness RB, Cannioto R, Høgdall E, Høgdall C, Jensen A, Giles GG, Bruinsma F, Kjaer SK, Hildebrandt MAT, Liang D, Lu KH, Wu X, Bisogna M, Dao F, Levine DA, Cramer DW, Terry KL, Tworoger SS, Stampfer M, Missmer S, Bjorge L, Salvesen HB, Kopperud RK, Bischof K, Aben KKH, Kiemeney LA, Massuger LFAG, Brooks-Wilson A, Olson SH, McGuire V, Rothstein JH, Sieh W, Whittemore AS, Cook LS, Le ND, Blake Gilks C, Gronwald J, Jakubowska A, Lubiński J, Kluz T, Song H, Tyrer JP, Wentzensen N, Brinton L, Trabert B, Lissowska J, McLaughlin JR, Narod SA, Phelan C, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Eccles D, Campbell I, Gayther SA, Gentry-Maharaj A, Menon U, Ramus SJ, Wu AH, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Kupryjanczyk J, Timorek A, Szafron L, Cunningham JM, Fridley BL, Winham SJ, Bandera EV, Poole EM, Morgan TK, Goode EL, Schildkraut JM, Pearce CL, Berchuck A, Pharoah PDP, Webb PM, Chenevix-Trench G, Risch HA, MacGregor S. Assessing the genetic architecture of epithelial ovarian cancer histological subtypes. Hum Genet 2016; 135:741-56. [PMID: 27075448 PMCID: PMC4976079 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-016-1663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is one of the deadliest common cancers. The five most common types of disease are high-grade and low-grade serous, endometrioid, mucinous and clear cell carcinoma. Each of these subtypes present distinct molecular pathogeneses and sensitivities to treatments. Recent studies show that certain genetic variants confer susceptibility to all subtypes while other variants are subtype-specific. Here, we perform an extensive analysis of the genetic architecture of EOC subtypes. To this end, we used data of 10,014 invasive EOC patients and 21,233 controls from the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium genotyped in the iCOGS array (211,155 SNPs). We estimate the array heritability (attributable to variants tagged on arrays) of each subtype and their genetic correlations. We also look for genetic overlaps with factors such as obesity, smoking behaviors, diabetes, age at menarche and height. We estimated the array heritabilities of high-grade serous disease ([Formula: see text] = 8.8 ± 1.1 %), endometrioid ([Formula: see text] = 3.2 ± 1.6 %), clear cell ([Formula: see text] = 6.7 ± 3.3 %) and all EOC ([Formula: see text] = 5.6 ± 0.6 %). Known associated loci contributed approximately 40 % of the total array heritability for each subtype. The contribution of each chromosome to the total heritability was not proportional to chromosome size. Through bivariate and cross-trait LD score regression, we found evidence of shared genetic backgrounds between the three high-grade subtypes: serous, endometrioid and undifferentiated. Finally, we found significant genetic correlations of all EOC with diabetes and obesity using a polygenic prediction approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Yi Lu
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Suzanne C Dixon
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Burghaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University Hospital Erlangen, Universitaetsstrasse 21-23, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Els Van Nieuwenhuysen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ignace Vergote
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Adriaan Vanderstichele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Anne Doherty
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Mary Anne Rossing
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marc T Goodman
- Cancer Prevention and Control, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Community and Population Health Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Dürst
- Department of Gynecology, Jena-University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hillemanns
- Clinics of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo B Runnebaum
- Department of Gynecology, Jena-University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Butzow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Leminen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa M Pelttari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert P Edwards
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joseph L Kelley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francesmary Modugno
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Womens Cancer Research Program, Magee-Womens Research Institute and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Roberta B Ness
- The University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rikki Cannioto
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Estrid Høgdall
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Høgdall
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Jensen
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Graham G Giles
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona Bruinsma
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susanne K Kjaer
- Department of Virus, Lifestyle and Genes, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Dong Liang
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xifeng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria Bisogna
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fanny Dao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Levine
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel W Cramer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stacey Missmer
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Line Bjorge
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Helga B Salvesen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Reidun K Kopperud
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katharina Bischof
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Katja K H Aben
- Radboud University Medical Centre, RADBOUD Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Centre, RADBOUD Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon F A G Massuger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Brooks-Wilson
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sara H Olson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie McGuire
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph H Rothstein
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Cook
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nhu D Le
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Midwifery and Emergency Medicine, Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Frederick Chopin Clinical Provincial Hospital No 1, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Honglin Song
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan P Tyrer
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas Wentzensen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Louise Brinton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Britton Trabert
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Cancer Genetics Research and Prevention, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Argyrios Ziogas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Diana Eccles
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Campbell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Usha Menon
- Women's Cancer, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Susan J Ramus
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Timorek
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Oncology, IInd Faculty of Medicine, Warsaw Medical University and Brodnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szafron
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julie M Cunningham
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Stacey J Winham
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Poole
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology and Obstetrics, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Gynaecology, OHSU, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Celeste L Pearce
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Berchuck
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Oncology, The Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Penelope M Webb
- Gynaecological Cancers Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Cancer Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Harvey A Risch
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia.
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Pickrell JK, Berisa T, Liu JZ, Ségurel L, Tung JY, Hinds DA. Detection and interpretation of shared genetic influences on 42 human traits. Nat Genet 2016; 48:709-17. [PMID: 27182965 PMCID: PMC5207801 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 713] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We performed a scan for genetic variants associated with multiple phenotypes by comparing large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 42 traits or diseases. We identified 341 loci (at a false discovery rate of 10%) associated with multiple traits. Several loci are associated with multiple phenotypes; for example, a nonsynonymous variant in the zinc transporter SLC39A8 influences seven of the traits, including risk of schizophrenia (rs13107325: log-transformed odds ratio (log OR) = 0.15, P = 2 × 10(-12)) and Parkinson disease (log OR = -0.15, P = 1.6 × 10(-7)), among others. Second, we used these loci to identify traits that have multiple genetic causes in common. For example, variants associated with increased risk of schizophrenia also tended to be associated with increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, we developed a method to identify pairs of traits that show evidence of a causal relationship. For example, we show evidence that increased body mass index causally increases triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Pickrell
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jimmy Z Liu
- New York Genome Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laure Ségurel
- UMR 7206 Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie, CNRS, MNHN, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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324
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Laisk-Podar T, Lindgren CM, Peters M, Tapanainen JS, Lambalk CB, Salumets A, Mägi R. Ovarian Physiology and GWAS: Biobanks, Biology, and Beyond. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2016; 27:516-528. [PMID: 27221566 PMCID: PMC7610559 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian function is central to female fertility, and several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been carried out to elucidate the genetic background of traits and disorders that reflect and affect ovarian physiology. While GWAS have been successful in reporting numerous genetic associations and highlighting involved pathways relevant to reproductive aging, for ovarian disorders, such as premature ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary syndrome, research has lagged behind due to insufficient study sample size. Novel approaches to study design and analysis methods that help to fit GWAS findings into biological context will improve our knowledge about genetics governing ovarian function in fertility and disease, and provide input for clinical tools and better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triin Laisk-Podar
- Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia.
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Maire Peters
- Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center Oulu and PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Cornelis B Lambalk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam 1007 MB, Netherlands
| | - Andres Salumets
- Women's Clinic, University of Tartu, Tartu 51014, Estonia; Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia; Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
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325
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Pubertal development in healthy children is mirrored by DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28657. [PMID: 27349168 PMCID: PMC4923870 DOI: 10.1038/srep28657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty marks numerous physiological processes which are initiated by central activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, followed by development of secondary sexual characteristics. To a large extent, pubertal timing is heritable, but current knowledge of genetic polymorphisms only explains few months in the large inter-individual variation in the timing of puberty. We have analysed longitudinal genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood samples (n = 102) obtained from 51 healthy children before and after pubertal onset. We show that changes in single methylation sites are tightly associated with physiological pubertal transition and altered reproductive hormone levels. These methylation sites cluster in and around genes enriched for biological functions related to pubertal development. Importantly, we identified that methylation of the genomic region containing the promoter of TRIP6 was co-ordinately regulated as a function of pubertal development. In accordance, immunohistochemistry identified TRIP6 in adult, but not pre-pubertal, testicular Leydig cells and circulating TRIP6 levels doubled during puberty. Using elastic net prediction models, methylation patterns predicted pubertal development more accurately than chronological age. We demonstrate for the first time that pubertal attainment of secondary sexual characteristics is mirrored by changes in DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood. Thus, modulations of the epigenome seem involved in regulation of the individual pubertal timing.
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326
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Álvarez-Álvarez MM, Carreras-Torres R, Zanetti D, Vegas E, Moral P. Population variation of LIN28B in the Mediterranean: Novel markers for microgeographic discrimination. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 28:905-912. [PMID: 27338933 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine whether the LIN28B gene is differentially distributed in the Mediterranean region through the analysis of the allele distribution of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely rs7759938, rs314277, and rs221639, in 24 populations. These SNPs have been recently related to the age at menarche, pubertal height growth, peripubertal body mass index, levels of prenatal testosterone exposure, and cancer survival. METHODS A total of 1,197 DNA samples were genotyped. The allele frequencies were used to determine the relationship between populations, with data from the 1000 Genomes Project being used for external comparisons. The genotype distributions and the population structure between populations and groups of populations were determined. RESULTS The population results indicate a significant degree of variation (FST = 0.043, P < 0.0001). Allele frequencies show significant differences among populations. A hierarchical variance analysis is consistent with a primary differentiation between populations on the North and South coasts of the Mediterranean. This difference is especially evident in the unexpected distribution of the SNP rs221639, which shows one of the highest FST (11.5%, P < 0.0001) values described in the Mediterranean region thus far. CONCLUSION The population differentiation and the structuring of the genetic variance, in agreement with previous studies, indicate that the SNPs in question are good tools for the study of human populations, even at a microgeographic level. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:905-912, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Álvarez-Álvarez
- Anthropology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Anthropology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)
| | - Daniela Zanetti
- Anthropology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)
| | - Esteban Vegas
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Moral
- Anthropology Unit, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio)
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327
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Pettigrew KA, Frinton E, Nudel R, Chan MTM, Thompson P, Hayiou-Thomas ME, Talcott JB, Stein J, Monaco AP, Hulme C, Snowling MJ, Newbury DF, Paracchini S. Further evidence for a parent-of-origin effect at the NOP9 locus on language-related phenotypes. J Neurodev Disord 2016; 8:24. [PMID: 27307794 PMCID: PMC4908686 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-016-9157-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specific language impairment (SLI) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, observed in 5-10 % of children. Family and twin studies suggest a strong genetic component, but relatively few candidate genes have been reported to date. A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) described the first statistically significant association specifically for a SLI cohort between a missense variant (rs4280164) in the NOP9 gene and language-related phenotypes under a parent-of-origin model. Replications of these findings are particularly challenging because the availability of parental DNA is required. METHODS We used two independent family-based cohorts characterised with reading- and language-related traits: a longitudinal cohort (n = 106 informative families) including children with language and reading difficulties and a nuclear family cohort (n = 264 families) selected for dyslexia. RESULTS We observed association with language-related measures when modelling for parent-of-origin effects at the NOP9 locus in both cohorts: minimum P = 0.001 for phonological awareness with a paternal effect in the first cohort and minimum P = 0.0004 for irregular word reading with a maternal effect in the second cohort. Allelic and parental trends were not consistent when compared to the original study. CONCLUSIONS A parent-of-origin effect at this locus was detected in both cohorts, albeit with different trends. These findings contribute in interpreting the original GWAS report and support further investigations of the NOP9 locus and its role in language-related traits. A systematic evaluation of parent-of-origin effects in genetic association studies has the potential to reveal novel mechanisms underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Frinton
- />School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
| | - Ron Nudel
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - May T. M. Chan
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
- />Worcester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2HB UK
| | - Paul Thompson
- />Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | | | - Joel B. Talcott
- />School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET UK
| | - John Stein
- />Department of Physiology, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
| | - Anthony P. Monaco
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Charles Hulme
- />Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, WC1 3PG UK
| | - Margaret J. Snowling
- />Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT UK
- />St John’s College, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3JP UK
| | - Dianne F. Newbury
- />Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Silvia Paracchini
- />School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF UK
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Yermachenko A, Dvornyk V. UGT2B4 previously implicated in the risk of breast cancer is associated with menarche timing in Ukrainian females. Gene 2016; 590:85-9. [PMID: 27282283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Age at menarche (AAM) is a multifactorial trait that is regulated by dozens environmental and genetic factors. Recent meta-analysis of GWAS showed significant association of 106 loci with AAM. These polymorphisms need replicating in different ethnic populations in order to confirm their association with menarche timing. This study was aimed to replicate 53 polymorphisms that were previously associated with AAM. DNA samples were collected from 416 Ukrainian young females for further genotyping. After data quality control 47 polymorphisms remained for the association analysis using the linear regression model. SNP rs13111134 located in UGT2B4 showed the most significant association with AAM (0.431years per allele A, padj=0.044 after the Bonferroni correction). Polymorphisms rs7589318 in POMC, rs11724758 in FABP2, rs7753051 in IGF2R, rs2288696 in FGFR1 and rs12444979 in GPRC5B may also contribute to menarche timing. However, none of these associations remained significant after the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. The obtained results provide evidence that UGT2B4, which was previously associated with predisposition to breast cancer, may play a role in the onset of menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yermachenko
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Volodymyr Dvornyk
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Schooling CM. Plasma levels of vitamin K and the risk of ischemic heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1211-5. [PMID: 27061505 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Vitamin K plays a role in coagulation, and deficiency may promote coronary artery calcification. The role of vitamin K1 in heart disease was assessed using Mendelian randomization in Caucasians. Genetically higher vitamin K1 was associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease. Further research elucidating the role of vitamin K1 in ischemic heart disease could be useful. SUMMARY Background Vitamin K1 is a nutrient in green leafy vegetables; deficiency may promote coronary artery calcification. Warfarin, an anticoagulant used in secondary prevention of thrombotic events, is a vitamin K antagonist. Thrombotic and coronary events may share risk factors. Objectives To clarify the role of vitamin K1 in ischemic heart disease, the risk of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) was assessed according to genetically determined vitamin K1 levels. Given vitamin K1 is fat soluble, associations with lipids were similarly assessed to assess pleotropic effects via lipids. Methods Separate sample instrumental variable analysis with genetic instruments (Mendelian randomization) was used to obtain an unconfounded estimate of the association of vitamin K1 (based on rs2108622 [CYP4F2], rs4645543 [KCNK9] and rs2192574 [CTNNA2] from a genome-wide association study) with CAD/MI using CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (cases = 64 374; controls = 130 681) and with lipids using Global Lipids Genetics Consortium Results (n = 196 475). Results Vitamin K1 single nucleotide polymorphisms were positively associated with CAD/MI (odds ratio [OR], 1.17 per unit [nmol L(-1) ] of natural log-transformed genetically predicted vitamin K1 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.26), but not with inverse normal transformed low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.0003; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.03), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.02; 95% CI, -0.01 to 0.05) or triglycerides (-0.01; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.02). Considering only rs2108622, which is functionally relevant to vitamin K1 , the association for CAD/MI was stronger (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.08-1.36). Conclusions Vitamin K may cause CAD/MI; whether vitamin K or other determinants of coagulation could be relevant to primary prevention might be worth considering.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Schooling
- CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York, NY, USA
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DNA methylation of LINE-1 and Alu repetitive elements in relation to sex hormones and pubertal timing in Mexican-American children. Pediatr Res 2016; 79:855-62. [PMID: 26882368 PMCID: PMC4899098 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The molecular mechanisms linking environmental exposures to earlier pubertal development are not well characterized. Epigenetics may play an important role, but data on the relationship between epigenetic marks and puberty, particularly in humans, is limited. METHODS We used pyrosequencing to measure Alu and long interspersed nucleotide elements (LINE-1) methylation in DNA isolated from whole blood samples collected from newborns and 9-y-old children (n = 266). Tanner staging was completed six times between ages 9 and 12 y to determine pubertal status, and hormone levels were measured in 12-y-old boys. RESULTS Among girls, we observed a suggestive trend of increased odds of breast and pubic hair development with higher Alu and LINE-1 methylation in 9-y-old blood, respectively. The strongest association identified was an inverse association of LINE-1 methylation in 9-y-old girls with odds of experiencing menarche by age 12 (OR (95% CI): 0.63 (0.46, 0.87); P = 0.005). We observed a consistent inverse relationship for Alu and LINE-1 methylation at 9 y with luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in boys but it was only significant between LINE-1 and LH. CONCLUSION DNA methylation of Alu and LINE-1 may be involved in puberty initiation and development. This relationship should be confirmed in future studies.
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Dwyer AA, Raivio T, Pitteloud N. MANAGEMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: Reversible hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Eur J Endocrinol 2016; 174:R267-74. [PMID: 26792935 DOI: 10.1530/eje-15-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is characterized by lack of puberty and infertility. Traditionally, it has been considered a life-long condition yet cases of reversibility have been described wherein patients spontaneously recover function of the reproductive axis following treatment. Reversibility occurs in both male and female CHH cases and appears to be more common (~10-15%) than previously thought. These reversal patients span a range of GnRH deficiency from mild to severe and many reversal patients harbor mutations in genes underlying CHH. However, to date there are no clear factors for predicting reversible CHH. Importantly, recovery of reproductive axis function may not be permanent. Thus, CHH is not always life-long and the incidence of reversal warrants periodic treatment withdrawal with close monitoring and follow-up. Reversible CHH highlights the importance of environmental (epigenetic) factors such as sex steroid treatment on the reproductive axis in modifying the phenotype. This review provides an overview and an update on what is known about this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Dwyer
- EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism Service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine/PhysiologyUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandThe Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Taneli Raivio
- EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism Service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine/PhysiologyUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandThe Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism Service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine/PhysiologyUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandThe Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nelly Pitteloud
- EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism Service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine/PhysiologyUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandThe Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland EndocrinologyDiabetes and Metabolism Service of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, SwitzerlandFaculty of Medicine/PhysiologyUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandThe Children's HospitalHelsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of PhysiologyFaculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 7, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Reimer T, Kempert S, Gerber B, Thiesen HJ, Hartmann S, Koczan D. SLCO1B1*5 polymorphism (rs4149056) is associated with chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in premenopausal women with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:337. [PMID: 27234217 PMCID: PMC4884353 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Because inheritance is recognized as playing a role in age at menarche and natural menopause, the development of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) might depend on inherited genetic factors; however, studies that explore such a correlation are few and have received scant attention. Given the importance of this topic we conducted a comprehensive genotype study in young women (≤45 years) with early-stage breast cancer. Methods Our approach tested the effect of variant polymorphisms in drug metabolism enzymes (DMEs) using a predesigned pharmacogenomics panel (TaqMan® OpenArray®, Life Technologies GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) in premenopausal women (n = 50). Patients received contemporary chemotherapy; in all cases a cyclophosphamide-based regimen with a dose of at least 500 mg/m2 for six cycles. CIA was considered to be present in women with no resumption of menstrual bleeding within 12 months after completion of chemotherapy or goserelin. Results Twenty-six patients (52 %) showed CIA during follow-up whereas 24 women (48 %) remained premenopausal. Of all the DMEs studied, only the SLCO1B1*5 (rs4149056) genotype was associated with the development of CIA (P = 0.017). Of the 26 patients who were homozygous for the T/T allele SLCO1B1*5, 18 (69.2 %) developed CIA compared with 8 (30.8 %) of the 22 patients who were heterozygous (C/T allele). The association of heterozygous SLCO1B1*5 allele (OR 0.038; 95%CI: 0.05–0.92) with a lower risk of developing CIA remained significant in a binary logistic regression analysis that include age, SLCO1B1*5 allele variants, and goserelin therapy. Conclusions Patient age and SLCO1B1*5 allele variants predict the likelihood of young women with breast cancer developing CIA. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2373-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralf Reimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Klinikum Suedstadt, Suedring 81, Rostock, 18059, Germany.
| | - Sarah Kempert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Klinikum Suedstadt, Suedring 81, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Bernd Gerber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Klinikum Suedstadt, Suedring 81, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Thiesen
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, P.O.B. 100888, Rostock, 18055, Germany
| | - Steffi Hartmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rostock, Klinikum Suedstadt, Suedring 81, Rostock, 18059, Germany
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, P.O.B. 100888, Rostock, 18055, Germany
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333
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Mbarek H, Steinberg S, Nyholt D, Gordon S, Miller M, McRae A, Hottenga J, Day F, Willemsen G, de Geus E, Davies G, Martin H, Penninx B, Jansen R, McAloney K, Vink J, Kaprio J, Plomin R, Spector T, Magnusson P, Reversade B, Harris R, Aagaard K, Kristjansson R, Olafsson I, Eyjolfsson G, Sigurdardottir O, Iacono W, Lambalk C, Montgomery G, McGue M, Ong K, Perry J, Martin N, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Boomsma D. Identification of Common Genetic Variants Influencing Spontaneous Dizygotic Twinning and Female Fertility. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:898-908. [PMID: 27132594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous dizygotic (DZ) twinning occurs in 1%-4% of women, with familial clustering and unknown physiological pathways and genetic origin. DZ twinning might index increased fertility and has distinct health implications for mother and child. We performed a GWAS in 1,980 mothers of spontaneous DZ twins and 12,953 control subjects. Findings were replicated in a large Icelandic cohort and tested for association across a broad range of fertility traits in women. Two SNPs were identified (rs11031006 near FSHB, p = 1.54 × 10(-9), and rs17293443 in SMAD3, p = 1.57 × 10(-8)) and replicated (p = 3 × 10(-3) and p = 1.44 × 10(-4), respectively). Based on ∼90,000 births in Iceland, the risk of a mother delivering twins increased by 18% for each copy of allele rs11031006-G and 9% for rs17293443-C. A higher polygenic risk score (PRS) for DZ twinning, calculated based on the results of the DZ twinning GWAS, was significantly associated with DZ twinning in Iceland (p = 0.001). A higher PRS was also associated with having children (p = 0.01), greater lifetime parity (p = 0.03), and earlier age at first child (p = 0.02). Allele rs11031006-G was associated with higher serum FSH levels, earlier age at menarche, earlier age at first child, higher lifetime parity, lower PCOS risk, and earlier age at menopause. Conversely, rs17293443-C was associated with later age at last child. We identified robust genetic risk variants for DZ twinning: one near FSHB and a second within SMAD3, the product of which plays an important role in gonadal responsiveness to FSH. These loci contribute to crucial aspects of reproductive capacity and health.
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334
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Wei C, Crowne EC. Recent advances in the understanding and management of delayed puberty. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:481-8. [PMID: 26353794 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2014-307963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Delayed puberty, especially in boys, is a common presentation in paediatrics. Recent advances have improved our understanding of the neuroendocrine, genetic and environmental factors controlling pubertal development, and hence inform the pathophysiology of delayed puberty. The discovery of kisspeptin signalling through its receptor identified neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator at the onset of puberty. Genetic mechanisms from single gene mutations to single nucleotide polymorphism associated with delayed puberty are being identified. Environmental factors, including nutritional factors and endocrine disruptors, have also been implicated in changes in secular trends and abnormal timing of puberty. Despite these advances, the key clinical question is to distinguish delayed puberty associated with an underlying pathology or hypogonadism from constitutional delay in growth and puberty, which remains challenging as biochemical tests are not always discriminatory. The diagnostic accuracies of newer investigations, including 36-hour luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) tests, GnRH-agonist tests, antimullerian hormone and inhibin-B, require further evaluation. Sex hormone replacement remains the main available treatment for delayed puberty, the choice of which is largely dictated by clinical practice and availability of the various sex steroid preparations. Spontaneous reversal of hypogonadism has been reported in boys with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism after a period of sex steroid treatment, highlighting the importance of reassessment at the end of pubertal induction. Novel therapies with a more physiological basis such as gonadotrophins or kisspeptin-agonist are being investigated for the management of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Careful clinical assessment and appreciation of the normal physiology remain the key approach to patients with delayed puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wei
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elizabeth Clare Crowne
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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335
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Perez JD, Rubinstein ND, Dulac C. New Perspectives on Genomic Imprinting, an Essential and Multifaceted Mode of Epigenetic Control in the Developing and Adult Brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 2016; 39:347-84. [PMID: 27145912 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-061010-113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian evolution entailed multiple innovations in gene regulation, including the emergence of genomic imprinting, an epigenetic regulation leading to the preferential expression of a gene from its maternal or paternal allele. Genomic imprinting is highly prevalent in the brain, yet, until recently, its central roles in neural processes have not been fully appreciated. Here, we provide a comprehensive survey of adult and developmental brain functions influenced by imprinted genes, from neural development and wiring to synaptic function and plasticity, energy balance, social behaviors, emotions, and cognition. We further review the widespread identification of parental biases alongside monoallelic expression in brain tissues, discuss their potential roles in dosage regulation of key neural pathways, and suggest possible mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of imprinting in the brain. This review should help provide a better understanding of the significance of genomic imprinting in the normal and pathological brain of mammals including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio D Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;
| | - Nimrod D Rubinstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;
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336
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Polymorphisms and genes associated with puberty in heifers. Theriogenology 2016; 86:333-9. [PMID: 27238439 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Puberty onset is a multifactorial process influenced by genetic determinants and environmental conditions, especially nutritional status. Genes, genetic variations, and regulatory networks compose the molecular basis of achieving puberty. In this article, we reviewed the discovery of multiple polymorphisms and genes associated with heifer puberty phenotypes and discuss the opportunities to use this evolving knowledge of genetic determinants for breeding early pubertal Bos indicus-influenced cattle. The discovery of polymorphisms and genes was mainly achieved through candidate gene studies, quantitative trait loci analyses, genome-wide association studies, and recently, global gene expression studies (transcriptome). These studies are recapitulated and summarized in the current review.
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337
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Physical and neurobehavioral determinants of reproductive onset and success. Nat Genet 2016; 48:617-623. [PMID: 27089180 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The ages of puberty, first sexual intercourse and first birth signify the onset of reproductive ability, behavior and success, respectively. In a genome-wide association study of 125,667 UK Biobank participants, we identify 38 loci associated (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with age at first sexual intercourse. These findings were taken forward in 241,910 men and women from Iceland and 20,187 women from the Women's Genome Health Study. Several of the identified loci also exhibit associations (P < 5 × 10(-8)) with other reproductive and behavioral traits, including age at first birth (variants in or near ESR1 and RBM6-SEMA3F), number of children (CADM2 and ESR1), irritable temperament (MSRA) and risk-taking propensity (CADM2). Mendelian randomization analyses infer causal influences of earlier puberty timing on earlier first sexual intercourse, earlier first birth and lower educational attainment. In turn, likely causal consequences of earlier first sexual intercourse include reproductive, educational, psychiatric and cardiometabolic outcomes.
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338
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Bonilla C, Lewis SJ, Martin RM, Donovan JL, Hamdy FC, Neal DE, Eeles R, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Al Olama AA, Benlloch S, Muir K, Giles GG, Wiklund F, Gronberg H, Haiman CA, Schleutker J, Nordestgaard BG, Travis RC, Pashayan N, Khaw KT, Stanford JL, Blot WJ, Thibodeau S, Maier C, Kibel AS, Cybulski C, Cannon-Albright L, Brenner H, Park J, Kaneva R, Batra J, Teixeira MR, Pandha H, Lathrop M, Davey Smith G. Pubertal development and prostate cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study in a population-based cohort. BMC Med 2016; 14:66. [PMID: 27044414 PMCID: PMC4820939 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have observed a positive association between an earlier age at sexual development and prostate cancer, but markers of sexual maturation in boys are imprecise and observational estimates are likely to suffer from a degree of uncontrolled confounding. To obtain causal estimates, we examined the role of pubertal development in prostate cancer using genetic polymorphisms associated with Tanner stage in adolescent boys in a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS We derived a weighted genetic risk score for pubertal development, combining 13 SNPs associated with male Tanner stage. A higher score indicated a later puberty onset. We examined the association of this score with prostate cancer risk, stage and grade in the UK-based ProtecT case-control study (n = 2,927), and used the PRACTICAL consortium (n = 43,737) as a replication sample. RESULTS In ProtecT, the puberty genetic score was inversely associated with prostate cancer grade (odds ratio (OR) of high- vs. low-grade cancer, per tertile of the score: 0.76; 95 % CI, 0.64-0.89). In an instrumental variable estimation of the causal OR, later physical development in adolescence (equivalent to a difference of one Tanner stage between pubertal boys of the same age) was associated with a 77 % (95 % CI, 43-91 %) reduced odds of high Gleason prostate cancer. In PRACTICAL, the puberty genetic score was associated with prostate cancer stage (OR of advanced vs. localized cancer, per tertile: 0.95; 95 % CI, 0.91-1.00) and prostate cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio amongst cases, per tertile: 0.94; 95 % CI, 0.90-0.98), but not with disease grade. CONCLUSIONS Older age at sexual maturation is causally linked to a reduced risk of later prostate cancer, especially aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Bonilla
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M. Martin
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, UK
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- />Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David E. Neal
- />Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- />The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey UK
- />The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton London and Surrey, UK
| | - Doug Easton
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- />The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey UK
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara Benlloch
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- />University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- />Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
| | - Graham G. Giles
- />The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Australia
- />Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Gronberg
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- />Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, DK-2730 Denmark
| | - Ruth C. Travis
- />Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nora Pashayan
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge, UK
- />Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- />Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- />Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - William J. Blot
- />International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | | | - Christiane Maier
- />Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- />Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adam S. Kibel
- />Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street - ASB II-3, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Washington University, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- />International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Lisa Cannon-Albright
- />Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- />Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- />Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- />German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jong Park
- />Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL USA
| | - Radka Kaneva
- />Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Zdrave St., Sofia, 1431 Bulgaria
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- />Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel R. Teixeira
- />Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- />Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hardev Pandha
- />The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
| | - Mark Lathrop
- />Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Center National de Génotypage, Evry, France
- />McGill University-Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - George Davey Smith
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - The PRACTICAL consortium
- />School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- />National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Bristol, UK
- />Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), University of Cambridge, Box 279, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
- />The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG Surrey UK
- />The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham and Sutton London and Surrey, UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge, UK
- />University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- />Institute of Population Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK
- />The Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St. Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004 Australia
- />Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA USA
- />Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- />Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and FimLab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- />Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, DK-2730 Denmark
- />Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Worts Causeway Cambridge, UK
- />Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB UK
- />Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR UK
- />Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA
- />Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- />International Epidemiology Institute, 1455 Research Blvd., Suite 550, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
- />Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- />Department of Urology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- />Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- />Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 45 Francis Street - ASB II-3, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- />Washington University, St Louis, MO USA
- />International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- />Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- />Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- />Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- />German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- />Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Dr., Tampa, FL USA
- />Molecular Medicine Center and Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University-Sofia, 2 Zdrave St., Sofia, 1431 Bulgaria
- />Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre – Qld, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- />Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- />Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
- />The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH UK
- />Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Center National de Génotypage, Evry, France
- />McGill University-Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Canada
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339
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Camp NJ, Lin WY, Bigelow A, Burghel GJ, Mosbruger TL, Parry MA, Waller RG, Rigas SH, Tai PY, Berrett K, Rajamanickam V, Cosby R, Brock IW, Jones B, Connley D, Sargent R, Wang G, Factor RE, Bernard PS, Cannon-Albright L, Knight S, Abo R, Werner TL, Reed MWR, Gertz J, Cox A. Discordant Haplotype Sequencing Identifies Functional Variants at the 2q33 Breast Cancer Risk Locus. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1916-25. [PMID: 26795348 PMCID: PMC4873429 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The findings from genome-wide association studies hold enormous potential for novel insight into disease mechanisms. A major challenge in the field is to map these low-risk association signals to their underlying functional sequence variants (FSV). Simple sequence study designs are insufficient, as the vast numbers of statistically comparable variants and a limited knowledge of noncoding regulatory elements complicate prioritization. Furthermore, large sample sizes are typically required for adequate power to identify the initial association signals. One important question is whether similar sample sizes need to be sequenced to identify the FSVs. Here, we present a proof-of-principle example of an extreme discordant design to map FSVs within the 2q33 low-risk breast cancer locus. Our approach employed DNA sequencing of a small number of discordant haplotypes to efficiently identify candidate FSVs. Our results were consistent with those from a 2,000-fold larger, traditional imputation-based fine-mapping study. To prioritize further, we used expression-quantitative trait locus analysis of RNA sequencing from breast tissues, gene regulation annotations from the ENCODE consortium, and functional assays for differential enhancer activities. Notably, we implicate three regulatory variants at 2q33 that target CASP8 (rs3769823, rs3769821 in CASP8, and rs10197246 in ALS2CR12) as functionally relevant. We conclude that nested discordant haplotype sequencing is a promising approach to aid mapping of low-risk association loci. The ability to include more efficient sequencing designs into mapping efforts presents an opportunity for the field to capitalize on the potential of association loci and accelerate translation of association signals to their underlying FSVs. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1916-25. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Bigelow
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah. University of Utah School of Computing, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - George J Burghel
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marina A Parry
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sushilaben H Rigas
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pei-Yi Tai
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | - Rachel Cosby
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ian W Brock
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Brandt Jones
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Dan Connley
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sargent
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Guoying Wang
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | | | | | - Stacey Knight
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Ryan Abo
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Malcolm W R Reed
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Gertz
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Angela Cox
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Dunning AM, Michailidou K, Kuchenbaecker KB, Thompson D, French JD, Beesley J, Healey CS, Kar S, Pooley KA, Lopez-Knowles E, Dicks E, Barrowdale D, Sinnott-Armstrong NA, Sallari RC, Hillman KM, Kaufmann S, Sivakumaran H, Moradi Marjaneh M, Lee JS, Hills M, Jarosz M, Drury S, Canisius S, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Broeks A, Schmidt MK, Lophatananon A, Muir K, Beckmann MW, Fasching PA, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Peto J, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Marme F, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, González-Neira A, Perez JIA, Anton-Culver H, Eunjung L, Arndt V, Brenner H, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Hamann U, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Ito H, Matsuo K, Bogdanova N, Dörk T, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Kosma VM, Mannermaa A, Tseng CC, Wu AH, Lambrechts D, Wildiers H, Chang-Claude J, Rudolph A, Peterlongo P, Radice P, Olson JE, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Goldberg MS, Teo SH, Yip CH, Nord S, Borresen-Dale AL, Kristensen V, Long J, Zheng W, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R, Andrulis IL, Knight JA, Devilee P, Seynaeve C, Figueroa J, Sherman ME, Czene K, Darabi H, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AMW, Humphreys K, Gao YT, Shu XO, Cox A, Cross SS, Blot W, Cai Q, Ghoussaini M, Perkins BJ, Shah M, Choi JY, Kang D, Lee SC, Hartman M, Kabisch M, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Brennan P, Sangrajrang S, Ambrosone CB, Toland AE, Shen CY, Wu PE, Orr N, Swerdlow A, McGuffog L, Healey S, Lee A, Kapuscinski M, John EM, Terry MB, Daly MB, Goldgar DE, Buys SS, Janavicius R, Tihomirova L, Tung N, Dorfling CM, van Rensburg EJ, Neuhausen SL, Ejlertsen B, Hansen TVO, Osorio A, Benitez J, Rando R, Weitzel JN, Bonanni B, Peissel B, Manoukian S, Papi L, Ottini L, Konstantopoulou I, Apostolou P, Garber J, Rashid MU, Frost D, Izatt L, Ellis S, Godwin AK, Arnold N, Niederacher D, Rhiem K, Bogdanova-Markov N, Sagne C, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Damiola F, Sinilnikova OM, Mazoyer S, Isaacs C, Claes KBM, De Leeneer K, de la Hoya M, Caldes T, Nevanlinna H, Khan S, Mensenkamp AR, Hooning MJ, Rookus MA, Kwong A, Olah E, Diez O, Brunet J, Pujana MA, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, Barkardottir RB, Laframboise R, Soucy P, Montagna M, Agata S, Teixeira MR, Park SK, Lindor N, Couch FJ, Tischkowitz M, Foretova L, Vijai J, Offit K, Singer CF, Rappaport C, Phelan CM, Greene MH, Mai PL, Rennert G, Imyanitov EN, Hulick PJ, Phillips KA, Piedmonte M, Mulligan AM, Glendon G, Bojesen A, Thomassen M, Caligo MA, Yoon SY, Friedman E, Laitman Y, Borg A, von Wachenfeldt A, Ehrencrona H, Rantala J, Olopade OI, Ganz PA, Nussbaum RL, Gayther SA, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Arun BK, Mitchell G, Karlan BY, Lester J, Maskarinec G, Woolcott C, Scott C, Stone J, Apicella C, Tamimi R, Luben R, Khaw KT, Helland Å, Haakensen V, Dowsett M, Pharoah PDP, Simard J, Hall P, García-Closas M, Vachon C, Chenevix-Trench G, Antoniou AC, Easton DF, Edwards SL. Breast cancer risk variants at 6q25 display different phenotype associations and regulate ESR1, RMND1 and CCDC170. Nat Genet 2016; 48:374-86. [PMID: 26928228 PMCID: PMC4938803 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed 3,872 common genetic variants across the ESR1 locus (encoding estrogen receptor α) in 118,816 subjects from three international consortia. We found evidence for at least five independent causal variants, each associated with different phenotype sets, including estrogen receptor (ER(+) or ER(-)) and human ERBB2 (HER2(+) or HER2(-)) tumor subtypes, mammographic density and tumor grade. The best candidate causal variants for ER(-) tumors lie in four separate enhancer elements, and their risk alleles reduce expression of ESR1, RMND1 and CCDC170, whereas the risk alleles of the strongest candidates for the remaining independent causal variant disrupt a silencer element and putatively increase ESR1 and RMND1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karoline B Kuchenbaecker
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah Thompson
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juliet D French
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan Beesley
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine S Healey
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Lopez-Knowles
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ed Dicks
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Barrowdale
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Richard C Sallari
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristine M Hillman
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susanne Kaufmann
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haran Sivakumaran
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahdi Moradi Marjaneh
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason S Lee
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Margaret Hills
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monika Jarosz
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Suzie Drury
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sander Canisius
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-Nuremberg Metropolitan Region, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marme
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose I A Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Lee Eunjung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Division of Molecular Gyneco-Oncology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natasha Bogdanova
- Radiation Oncology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Basis of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Janet E Olson
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Brian E Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Soo H Teo
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Silje Nord
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, NordLab Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia A Knight
- Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline Seynaeve
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Sherman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Keith Humphreys
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - William Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maya Ghoussaini
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barbara J Perkins
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Health System, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javerianar, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nick Orr
- Division of Cancer Studies, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Lesley McGuffog
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sue Healey
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew Lee
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miroslav Kapuscinski
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary B Daly
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Saundra S Buys
- Department of Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ramunas Janavicius
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Nadine Tung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping (CEGEN) Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel Rando
- City of Hope Clinical Cancer Genomics Community Research Network, Duarte, California, USA
| | | | - Bernardo Bonanni
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernard Peissel
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Papi
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES (Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES (Institute of Nuclear and Radiological Sciences and Technology), National Centre for Scientific Research 'Demokritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Judy Garber
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Clinic, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Muhammad Usman Rashid
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Basic Sciences, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Debra Frost
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise Izatt
- Clinical Genetics, Guy's and St. Thomas' National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Steve Ellis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Rhiem
- Centre of Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Centre for Integrated Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Charlotte Sagne
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Institut Curie, Department of Tumour Biology, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Damiola
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olga M Sinilnikova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Unité Mixte de Génétique Constitutionnelle des Cancers Fréquents, Hospices Civils de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Mazoyer
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Université Lyon, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miguel de la Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Trinidad Caldes
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC (El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos), Madrid, Spain
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sofia Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matti A Rookus
- Department of Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Cancer Genetics Center, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, Hong Kong
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Edith Olah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orland Diez
- Oncogenetics Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Brunet
- Genetic Counseling Unit, Hereditary Cancer Program, IDIBGI (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Miquel Angel Pujana
- Breast Cancer and Systems Biology Unit, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rosa B Barkardottir
- Department of Pathology, Landspitali University Hospital and Biomedical Centre (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rachel Laframboise
- Medical Genetic Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Penny Soucy
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Agata
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IOV), IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico), Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Department of Genetics, Portuguese Oncology Institute, Porto, Portugal
- Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sue Kyung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Noralane Lindor
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christian F Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Rappaport
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine M Phelan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mark H Greene
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Phuong L Mai
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Israeli Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Peter J Hulick
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion Piedmonte
- NRG Oncology, Statistics and Data Management Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Anna Marie Mulligan
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anders Bojesen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Mads Thomassen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria A Caligo
- Section of Genetic Oncology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pisa and University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sook-Yee Yoon
- Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Medical Centre, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eitan Friedman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Laitman
- Susanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ake Borg
- Department of Oncology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna von Wachenfeldt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Ehrencrona
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johanna Rantala
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia A Ganz
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Research, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert L Nussbaum
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Simon A Gayther
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Banu K Arun
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth Y Karlan
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jenny Lester
- Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Christy Woolcott
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Christopher Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Stone
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carmel Apicella
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rulla Tamimi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Åslaug Helland
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vilde Haakensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mitch Dowsett
- Breast Cancer Research, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, London, UK
- Academic Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec and Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Studies, Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Antonis C Antoniou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stacey L Edwards
- Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Hauberg ME, Roussos P, Grove J, Børglum AD, Mattheisen M. Analyzing the Role of MicroRNAs in Schizophrenia in the Context of Common Genetic Risk Variants. JAMA Psychiatry 2016; 73:369-77. [PMID: 26963595 PMCID: PMC7005318 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The recent implication of 108 genomic loci in schizophrenia marked a great advancement in our understanding of the disease. Against the background of its polygenic nature there is a necessity to identify how schizophrenia risk genes interplay. As regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) have repeatedly been implicated in schizophrenia etiology. It is therefore of interest to establish their role in the regulation of schizophrenia risk genes in disease-relevant biological processes. OBJECTIVE To examine the role of miRNAs in schizophrenia in the context of disease-associated genetic variation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The basis of this study was summary statistics from the largest schizophrenia genome-wide association study meta-analysis to date (83 550 individuals in a meta-analysis of 52 genome-wide association studies) completed in 2014 along with publicly available data for predicted miRNA targets. We examined whether schizophrenia risk genes were more likely to be regulated by miRNA. Further, we used gene set analyses to identify miRNAs that are regulators of schizophrenia risk genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Results from association tests for miRNA targetomes and related analyses. RESULTS In line with previous studies, we found that similar to other complex traits, schizophrenia risk genes were more likely to be regulated by miRNAs (P < 2 × 10-16). Further, the gene set analyses revealed several miRNAs regulating schizophrenia risk genes, with the strongest enrichment for targets of miR-9-5p (P = .0056 for enrichment among the top 1% most-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, corrected for multiple testing). It is further of note that MIR9-2 is located in a genomic region showing strong evidence for association with schizophrenia (P = 7.1 × 10-8). The second and third strongest gene set signals were seen for the targets of miR-485-5p and miR-137, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study provides evidence for a role of miR-9-5p in the etiology of schizophrenia. Its implication is of particular interest as the functions of this neurodevelopmental miRNA tie in with established disease biology: it has a regulatory loop with the fragile X mental retardation homologue FXR1 and regulates dopamine D2 receptor density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Engel Hauberg
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative of Integrative Psychiatric Research, Lundbeck, Denmark3Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York5Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York6Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of M
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative of Integrative Psychiatric Research, Lundbeck, Denmark3Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark9Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhu
| | - Anders Dupont Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative of Integrative Psychiatric Research, Lundbeck, Denmark3Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark10Research Department P, Aarhus Univer
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark2Lundbeck Foundation Initiative of Integrative Psychiatric Research, Lundbeck, Denmark3Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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342
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Winter S, Ousidhoum A, McElreavey K, Brauner R. Constitutional delay of puberty: presentation and inheritance pattern in 48 familial cases. BMC Pediatr 2016; 16:37. [PMID: 26970893 PMCID: PMC4789265 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mechanism that initiates the onset of puberty is largely unknown but the age of onset is mainly under genetic control and influenced by environmental factors including nutrition. Familial forms of constitutional delay of puberty (CDP) suggest the involvement of genetic factors. The purpose of this study is to describe the presentation and the mode of inheritance of CDP in a series of familial cases. Methods A retrospective, single center study was carried out over 10 years on 48 probands (14 girls and 34 boys) from 48 families seen for CDP with a familial component. Results Of the 48 probands, 46 (96 %) had at least one affected 1st degree relatives and 2 (4 %, 2 boys) had only 2nd degree relatives affected. In girls, 11 families (79 %) exhibited exclusive maternal inheritance, 1 (7 %) paternal inheritance and 2 (14 %) both maternal and paternal inheritance. In boys, 14 families (41 %) exhibited exclusive maternal inheritance, 12 (35 %) paternal inheritance and 8 (24 %) both maternal and paternal inheritance. In the boys with bilineal inheritance, the ages at onset of puberty (16 ± 1.41 years) and at evaluation (16.05 ± 2.47 years) were higher than in those with unilineal inheritance (15.25 ± 0.35 and 15.1 ± 0.42 years respectively), but the difference was not significant. Conclusions In girls exclusive maternal inheritance seems to be the major mode of inheritance whereas for boys the mode of inheritance was almost equally maternal, paternal or bilineal. Clinical phenotype of boys with bilineal inheritance seems to be more severe, but the difference did not reach statistical significance, perhaps because of the small sample size. This greater severity of the phenotype in boys with bilineal inheritance is likely due to inheriting different puberty timing genes from each parent. Future research should be directed at identifying such genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Winter
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Aldjia Ousidhoum
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | | | - Raja Brauner
- Université Paris Descartes and Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild, Paris, France.
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343
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Harjutsalo V, Maric-Bilkan C, Forsblom C, Groop PH. Age at menarche and the risk of diabetic microvascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:472-80. [PMID: 26607636 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship among age at onset of diabetes, age at onset of menarche and risk of diabetic nephropathy and laser-treated retinopathy in type 1 diabetes. METHODS Data related to age at menarche were collected through questionnaires and were available for 1,304 women who participated in the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane). A possible association between age at menarche and diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy was investigated. RESULTS There was an inverse relationship between the age at onset of diabetes and age at menarche: the younger the age at onset of diabetes, the higher the age at menarche (p < 0.0001). A non-linear relationship between the age of menarche and risk of diabetic microvascular complications was found in patients with diabetes onset before menarche, but there was no such association in patients with diabetes onset after menarche. Women with delayed menarche (> mean age + 2 years) had a 2.30 (95% CI 1.27, 4.17; p < 0.006) times higher risk of nephropathy compared with the women who underwent menarche at the mean age ± 2 years. Delayed menarche also increased the risk of retinopathy (OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.36, 4.01]). After excluding patients with nephropathy, the OR for retinopathy was 2.11 (95% CI 1.15, 3.90). Earlier menarche (< mean age - 2 years) did not have any effect on this risk. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Delayed menarche was associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, whereas early menarche was not. Delayed menarche may be used as a new tool to identify women at risk of diabetic microvascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valma Harjutsalo
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christine Maric-Bilkan
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Branch, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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344
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Abreu AP, Kaiser UB. Pubertal development and regulation. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:254-264. [PMID: 26852256 PMCID: PMC5192018 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Puberty marks the end of childhood and is a period when individuals undergo physiological and psychological changes to achieve sexual maturation and fertility. The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis controls puberty and reproduction and is tightly regulated by a complex network of excitatory and inhibitory factors. This axis is active in the embryonic and early postnatal stages of life and is subsequently restrained during childhood, and its reactivation culminates in puberty initiation. The mechanisms underlying this reactivation are not completely known. The age of puberty onset varies between individuals and the timing of puberty initiation is associated with several health outcomes in adult life. In this Series paper, we discuss pubertal markers, epidemiological trends of puberty initiation over time, and the mechanisms whereby genetic, metabolic, and other factors control secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone to determine initiation of puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Abreu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ursula B Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Okada Y, Muramatsu T, Suita N, Kanai M, Kawakami E, Iotchkova V, Soranzo N, Inazawa J, Tanaka T. Significant impact of miRNA-target gene networks on genetics of human complex traits. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22223. [PMID: 26927695 PMCID: PMC4772006 DOI: 10.1038/srep22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of microRNA (miRNA) on the genetics of human complex traits, especially in the context of miRNA-target gene networks, has not been fully assessed. Here, we developed a novel analytical method, MIGWAS, to comprehensively evaluate enrichment of genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals in miRNA–target gene networks. We applied the method to the GWAS results of the 18 human complex traits from >1.75 million subjects, and identified significant enrichment in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), kidney function, and adult height (P < 0.05/18 = 0.0028, most significant enrichment in RA with P = 1.7 × 10−4). Interestingly, these results were consistent with current literature-based knowledge of the traits on miRNA obtained through the NCBI PubMed database search (adjusted P = 0.024). Our method provided a list of miRNA and target gene pairs with excess genetic association signals, part of which included drug target genes. We identified a miRNA (miR-4728-5p) that downregulates PADI2, a novel RA risk gene considered as a promising therapeutic target (rs761426, adjusted P = 2.3 × 10−9). Our study indicated the significant impact of miRNA–target gene networks on the genetics of human complex traits, and provided resources which should contribute to drug discovery and nucleic acid medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Okada
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Naomasa Suita
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Advanced Medicinal Research Laboratories, Tsukuba Research Institute, Ono Pharmaceutical CO., LTD., Tsukuba 300-4247, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Laboratory for Disease Systems Modeling, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Valentina Iotchkova
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tanaka
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Bioresource Research Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.,Laboratory for Cardiovascular Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Corre C, Shinoda G, Zhu H, Cousminer DL, Crossman C, Bellissimo C, Goldenberg A, Daley GQ, Palmert MR. Sex-specific regulation of weight and puberty by the Lin28/let-7 axis. J Endocrinol 2016; 228:179-91. [PMID: 26698568 PMCID: PMC4772724 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Growth and pubertal timing differ in boys and girls. Variants in/near LIN28B associate with age at menarche (AAM) in genome-wide association studies and some AAM-related variants associate with growth in a sex-specific manner. Sex-specific growth patterns in response to Lin28b perturbation have been detected in mice, and overexpression of Lin28a has been shown to alter pubertal timing in female mice. To investigate further how Lin28a and Lin28b affect growth and puberty in both males and females, we evaluated Lin28b loss-of-function (LOF) mice and Lin28a gain-of-function (GOF) mice. Because both Lin28a and Lin28b can act via the conserved microRNA let-7, we also examined let-7 GOF mice. As reported previously, Lin28b LOF led to lighter body weights only in male mice while Lin28a GOF yielded heavier mice of both sexes. Let-7 GOF mice weighed less than controls, and males were more affected than females. Timing of puberty was assessed by vaginal opening (VO) and preputial separation (PS). Male Lin28b LOF and male let-7 GOF, but not female, mice displayed alteration of pubertal timing, with later PS than controls. In contrast, both male and female Lin28a GOF mice displayed late onset of puberty. Together, these data point toward a complex system of regulation by Lin28a, Lin28b, and let-7, in which Lin28b and let-7 can impact both puberty and growth in a sex-specific manner, raising the possibility that this pathway may contribute to differential regulation of male and female growth and puberty in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Corre
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gen Shinoda
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hao Zhu
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana L Cousminer
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Crossman
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Bellissimo
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Q Daley
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of EndocrinologyThe Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON, M5G 1X8, CanadaDivision of Hematology/OncologyBoston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USADepartments of Pediatrics and Internal MedicineChildren's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USAInstitute for Molecular MedicineFinland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandGenetics and Genome Biology ProgramThe Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Computer ScienceUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartments of Paediatrics and PhysiologyThe University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Lu Y, Day FR, Gustafsson S, Buchkovich ML, Na J, Bataille V, Cousminer DL, Dastani Z, Drong AW, Esko T, Evans DM, Falchi M, Feitosa MF, Ferreira T, Hedman ÅK, Haring R, Hysi PG, Iles MM, Justice AE, Kanoni S, Lagou V, Li R, Li X, Locke A, Lu C, Mägi R, Perry JRB, Pers TH, Qi Q, Sanna M, Schmidt EM, Scott WR, Shungin D, Teumer A, Vinkhuyzen AAE, Walker RW, Westra HJ, Zhang M, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhu Z, Afzal U, Ahluwalia TS, Bakker SJL, Bellis C, Bonnefond A, Borodulin K, Buchman AS, Cederholm T, Choh AC, Choi HJ, Curran JE, de Groot LCPGM, De Jager PL, Dhonukshe-Rutten RAM, Enneman AW, Eury E, Evans DS, Forsen T, Friedrich N, Fumeron F, Garcia ME, Gärtner S, Han BG, Havulinna AS, Hayward C, Hernandez D, Hillege H, Ittermann T, Kent JW, Kolcic I, Laatikainen T, Lahti J, Leach IM, Lee CG, Lee JY, Liu T, Liu Y, Lobbens S, Loh M, Lyytikäinen LP, Medina-Gomez C, Michaëlsson K, Nalls MA, Nielson CM, Oozageer L, Pascoe L, Paternoster L, Polašek O, Ripatti S, Sarzynski MA, Shin CS, Narančić NS, Spira D, Srikanth P, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Sung YJ, Swart KMA, Taittonen L, Tanaka T, Tikkanen E, van der Velde N, van Schoor NM, Verweij N, Wright AF, Yu L, Zmuda JM, Eklund N, Forrester T, Grarup N, Jackson AU, Kristiansson K, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Lichtner P, Luan J, Mahajan A, Männistö S, Palmer CD, Ried JS, Scott RA, Stancáková A, Wagner PJ, Demirkan A, Döring A, Gudnason V, Kiel DP, Kühnel B, Mangino M, Mcknight B, Menni C, O'Connell JR, Oostra BA, Shuldiner AR, Song K, Vandenput L, van Duijn CM, Vollenweider P, White CC, Boehnke M, Boettcher Y, Cooper RS, Forouhi NG, Gieger C, Grallert H, Hingorani A, Jørgensen T, Jousilahti P, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Laakso M, Langenberg C, Linneberg A, Luke A, Mckenzie CA, Palotie A, Pedersen O, Peters A, Strauch K, Tayo BO, Wareham NJ, Bennett DA, Bertram L, Blangero J, Blüher M, Bouchard C, Campbell H, Cho NH, Cummings SR, Czerwinski SA, Demuth I, Eckardt R, Eriksson JG, Ferrucci L, Franco OH, Froguel P, Gansevoort RT, Hansen T, Harris TB, Hastie N, Heliövaara M, Hofman A, Jordan JM, Jula A, Kähönen M, Kajantie E, Knekt PB, Koskinen S, Kovacs P, Lehtimäki T, Lind L, Liu Y, Orwoll ES, Osmond C, Perola M, Pérusse L, Raitakari OT, Rankinen T, Rao DC, Rice TK, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Sørensen TIA, Stumvoll M, Tönjes A, Towne B, Tranah GJ, Tremblay A, Uitterlinden AG, van der Harst P, Vartiainen E, Viikari JS, Vitart V, Vohl MC, Völzke H, Walker M, Wallaschofski H, Wild S, Wilson JF, Yengo L, Bishop DT, Borecki IB, Chambers JC, Cupples LA, Dehghan A, Deloukas P, Fatemifar G, Fox C, Furey TS, Franke L, Han J, Hunter DJ, Karjalainen J, Karpe F, Kaplan RC, Kooner JS, McCarthy MI, Murabito JM, Morris AP, Bishop JAN, North KE, Ohlsson C, Ong KK, Prokopenko I, Richards JB, Schadt EE, Spector TD, Widén E, Willer CJ, Yang J, Ingelsson E, Mohlke KL, Hirschhorn JN, Pospisilik JA, Zillikens MC, Lindgren C, Kilpeläinen TO, Loos RJF. New loci for body fat percentage reveal link between adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10495. [PMID: 26833246 PMCID: PMC4740398 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of adiposity and its links to cardiometabolic disease risk, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of body fat percentage (BF%) in up to 100,716 individuals. Twelve loci reached genome-wide significance (P<5 × 10(-8)), of which eight were previously associated with increased overall adiposity (BMI, BF%) and four (in or near COBLL1/GRB14, IGF2BP1, PLA2G6, CRTC1) were novel associations with BF%. Seven loci showed a larger effect on BF% than on BMI, suggestive of a primary association with adiposity, while five loci showed larger effects on BMI than on BF%, suggesting association with both fat and lean mass. In particular, the loci more strongly associated with BF% showed distinct cross-phenotype association signatures with a range of cardiometabolic traits revealing new insights in the link between adiposity and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
10029, USA
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Felix R. Day
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 750
85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin L. Buchkovich
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Jianbo Na
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Veronique Bataille
- West Herts NHS Trust, Herts
HP2 4AD, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Diana L. Cousminer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zari Dastani
- Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady
Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
| | - Alexander W. Drong
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu,
Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - David M. Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational
Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland
4102, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public
Health, Imperial College London, London
W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mary F. Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics,
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis,
Missouri
63108, USA
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Åsa K. Hedman
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 750
85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Robin Haring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- European University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Applied
Public Health, 18055
Rostock, Germany
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Mark M. Iles
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK
Leeds Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds
LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Anne E. Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at
Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
London
EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Rui Li
- Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady
Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Adam Locke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Chen Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02118, USA
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu,
Tartu, 51010, Estonia
| | - John R. B. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tune H. Pers
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Medical and Population Genetics Program, Broad Institute of MIT
and Harvard, Cambridge
02142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum
Institut, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qibin Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
10461, USA
| | - Marianna Sanna
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public
Health, Imperial College London, London
W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ellen M. Schmidt
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - William R. Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical
Science, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University
Hosptial, 205 02
Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Unit of
Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87
Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University,
901 85
Umeå, Sweden
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Ryan W. Walker
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
10029, USA
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Westra
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of
Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
02142, USA
- Divisions of Genetics and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02446, USA
- Partners Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine,
Boston, Massachusetts
02446, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's
Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Zhihong Zhu
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane
4072, Australia
| | - Uzma Afzal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Tarunveer Singh Ahluwalia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sceinces, University of Copenhagen, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Pediatric Asthma Center, Gentofte Hospital, The Capital
Region, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820
Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Stephan J. L. Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Medicine, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Bellis
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research
Institute, San Antonio, Texas
78245, USA
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Katja Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aron S. Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
60612, USA
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical
Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Audrey C. Choh
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
45420, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of
Medicine, Seoul
03080, Korea
| | - Joanne E. Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas
Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
78520
| | | | - Philip L. De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of
Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
02142, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | | | - Anke W. Enneman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elodie Eury
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
94107, USA
| | - Tom Forsen
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nele Friedrich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frédéric Fumeron
- INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
F-75006
Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S
1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006
Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris
Cité, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,
F-75006
Paris, France
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138,
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, F-75006
Paris, France
| | - Melissa E. Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Simone Gärtner
- Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald,
17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bok-Ghee Han
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong
Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do
370914, Korea
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Hans Hillege
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jack W. Kent
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research
Institute, San Antonio, Texas
78245, USA
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Split, Split
21000, Croatia
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
- Hospital District of North Karelia, FI-80210
Joensuu, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University
of Eastern Finland, FI-70211
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of
Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christine G. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center,
Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | - Jong-Young Lee
- Center for Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Osong
Health Technology Administration Complex, Chungcheongbuk-do
370914, Korea
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Department of
Vertebrate Genomics, 14195
Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development,
14194
Berlin, Germany
| | - Youfang Liu
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina
27599-7280, USA
| | - Stéphane Lobbens
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for
Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical
Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore
138648, Singapore
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School
of Medicine, FI-33014
Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and
School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33520
Tampere, Finland
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karl Michaëlsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Orthopedics, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Carrie M. Nielson
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
- Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | | | - Laura Pascoe
- Institute of Cell & Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle
University, Newcastle
NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Split, Split
21000, Croatia
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul
03080, Korea
| | | | - Dominik Spira
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353
Berlin, Germany
| | - Priya Srikanth
- School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
- Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | - Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
- Lipid Clinic at the Interdisciplinary Metabolism Center,
Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353
Berlin, Germany
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Karin M. A. Swart
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University
Medical Center, 1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leena Taittonen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu,
FI-90014
Oulu, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Vaasa Central Hospital,
FI-65100
Vaasa, Finland
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
21225, USA
| | - Emmi Tikkanen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki,
FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nathalie van der Velde
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja M. van Schoor
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University
Medical Center, 1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- VUMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
1081 BT
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alan F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
60612, USA
| | - Joseph M. Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology; University of Pittsburgh,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
15261, USA
| | - Niina Eklund
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research
Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona
JMAAW15, Jamaica
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne U. Jackson
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland,
70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, 70029
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Lichtner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Satu Männistö
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cameron D. Palmer
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Janina S. Ried
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Robert A. Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alena Stancáková
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and
Kuopio University Hospital, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter J. Wagner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, 3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Döring
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur
201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine,
Reykjavik
101, Iceland
| | - Douglas P. Kiel
- Department of Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
02115
- Institute for Aging Research Hebrew Senior Life,
Boston, Massachusetts
02131, USA
| | - Brigitte Kühnel
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Barbara Mcknight
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington
98101, USA
- Program in Biostatistics and Biomathematics, Divison of Public
Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center,
Seattle, Washington
98109, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington
98195, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Jeffrey R. O'Connell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
21201, USA
| | - Ben A. Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, 3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alan R. Shuldiner
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, Division of
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
21201, USA
- Geriatric Research and Education Clinical Center, Vetrans
Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
21042, USA
| | - Kijoung Song
- Genetics, Projects Clinical Platforms and Sciences,
GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19112, USA
| | - Liesbeth Vandenput
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, 413 45
Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, 3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Center for Medical Systems Biology, 2300
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne
(CHUV) and University of Lausanne, 1011
Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles C. White
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02118, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Yvonne Boettcher
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of
Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
61053, USA
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD),
85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College
London, London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical
Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Aalborg,
9220
Aalborg, Denmark
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health,
DK2600
Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Markku Laakso
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine,
Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland,
70210
Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio University Hospital, 70029
Kuopio, Finland
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL,
London
WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup
Hospital, 2600
Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Amy Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of
Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
61053, USA
| | - Colin A. Mckenzie
- Tropical Metabolism Research Unit, Tropical Medicine Research
Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona
JMAAW15, Jamaica
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Human Genetic
Research, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit,
Boston, Massachusetts
02114, USA
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München—German Research Center for Environmental
Health, 85764
Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology,
Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität,
81377
Munich, Germany
| | - Bamidele O. Tayo
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of
Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
61053, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
60612, USA
| | - Lars Bertram
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College
London, London
W6 8RP, UK
- Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome
Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics and Integrative and Experimental
Genomics, University of Lübeck, 23562
Lübeck, Germany
| | - John Blangero
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas
Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas
78520
| | - Matthias Blüher
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Nam H. Cho
- Ajou University School of Medicine, Department of Preventive
Medicine, Suwon Kyoung-gi
443-721, Korea
| | - Steven R. Cummings
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
94107, USA
| | - Stefan A. Czerwinski
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
45420, USA
| | - Ilja Demuth
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Medical and Human Genetics,
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13353
Berlin, Germany
| | - Rahel Eckardt
- The Berlin Aging Study II; Research Group on Geriatrics;
Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin,
13347
Berlin, Germany
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, FI-00014
Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on
Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
21225, USA
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Froguel
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Medicine, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern
Denmark, 5000
Odense, Denmark
| | - Tamara B. Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
20892, USA
| | - Nicholas Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Markku Heliövaara
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M. Jordan
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chaper Hill, North Carolina
27599-7280, USA
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University
Hospital, FI-33521
Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere
School of Medicine, FI-33014
Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and
University of Helsinki, FI-00029
Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MRC Oulu, Oulu
University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90029
Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul B. Knekt
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School
of Medicine, FI-33014
Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and
School of Medicine, University of Tampere, FI-33520
Tampere, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University,
751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Center for Human Genetics, Division of Public Health Sciences,
Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North
Carolina
27157, USA
| | - Eric S. Orwoll
- Bone & Mineral Unit, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
97239, USA
| | - Clive Osmond
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton,
Southampton General Hospital, Southampton
SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, Univeristy of Tartu,
Tartu, 51010, Estonia
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University,
Québec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval
University, Québec City, Quebec,
Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku
University Hospital, FI-20521
Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular
Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520
Turku, Finland
| | - Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research
Center, Baton Rouge, Los Angeles
70808, USA
| | - D. C. Rao
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics,
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis,
Missouri
63108, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Treva K. Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
63110, USA
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thorkild I. A. Sørensen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg
Hospital, The Capital Region, 2000
Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- University of Leipzig, IFB Adiposity Diseases,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig, Department of Medicine,
04103
Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bradford Towne
- Lifespan Health Research Center, Wright State University
Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
45420, USA
| | - Gregory J. Tranah
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute,
San Francisco, California
94107, USA
| | - Angelo Tremblay
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University,
Québec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - André G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Interuniversity
Cardiology Institute Netherlands-Netherlands Heart Institute, 3501
DG
Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Erkki Vartiainen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare,
FI-00271
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jorma S. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku,
FI-20521
Turku, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval
University, Québec City, Quebec,
Canada
G1V 0A6
- School of Nutrition, Laval University,
Québec City, Quebec, Canada
G1V 0A6
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- DZD (German Centre for Diabetes Research), partner site
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mark Walker
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of
Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Massachusetts
02142, USA
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University,
Newcastle
NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Henri Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine,
University Medicine Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site
Greifswald, 17475
Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sarah Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - James F. Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
EH4 2XU, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of
Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot
Place, Edinburgh
EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Loïc Yengo
- CNRS UMR 8199, F-59019
Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, 59000
Lille, France
- Université de Lille 2, 59000
Lille, France
| | - D. Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK
Leeds Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds
LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics,
Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis,
Missouri
63108, USA
- Analytical Genetics Group, Regeneron Genetics Center,
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, New York
10591, USA
| | - John C. Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College
London, London
W2 1PG, UK
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
W12 0HS, UK
| | - L. Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02118, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham
Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
01702, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center,
3000CA
Rotterdam/Zuidholland, The Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School
of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London,
London
EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Human Genetics,
Hinxton, Cambridge
CB10 1SA, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research
of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah
21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazaleh Fatemifar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and
Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol
BS82BN, UKnited
| | - Caroline Fox
- Harvard Medical School, Boston,
Massachusetts
02115, USA
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Framingham
Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
01702, USA
| | - Terrence S. Furey
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Lude Franke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen,
Department of Cardiology, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of
Public Health, Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center,
Indianapolis, Indiana
46202, USA
| | - David J. Hunter
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public
Health, Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - Juha Karjalainen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen,
University of Groningen, 9700 RB
Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre,
Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Robert C. Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Popualtion Health, Albert
Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
10461, USA
| | - Jaspal S. Kooner
- Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex
UB1 3HW, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London
W12 0HS, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College
London, London
W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre,
Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Joanne M. Murabito
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Section of General Internal Medicine, Boston,
Massachusetts
02118, USA
- NHLBI's and Boston University's Framingham
Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
01702, USA
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool,
Liverpool
L69 3GA, UK
| | - Julia A. N. Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, Cancer Research UK
Leeds Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds
LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kari E. North
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences and Department of
Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina
27599-7400, USA
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal
Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy,
University of Gothenburg, 413 45
Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL,
London
WC1B 5JU, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public
Health, Imperial College London, London
W12 0NN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - J. Brent Richards
- Department Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Human Genetics, Lady
Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University,
Montréal, Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
- Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General
Hospital, McGill University, Montréal,
Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
- Department of Twin Research, King's College
London, London
SE1 1E7, UK
- Division of Endocrinology, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish
General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal,
Quebec, Canada
H3T1E2
| | - Eric E. Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
| | - Tim D. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology,
King's College London, London
SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of
Helsinki, FI-00290
Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cristen J. Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
48109, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland,
Brisbane
4072, Australia
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 750
85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology, Uppsala
University, 751 85
Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine,
Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford,
California
94305, USA
| | - Karen L. Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
27599, USA
| | - Joel N. Hirschhorn
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic
and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, Massachusetts
02115, USA
| | - John Andrew Pospisilik
- Department of Epigenetics, Max Planck Institute of
Immunobiology and Epigenetics, D-76108
Freiburg, Germany
| | - M. Carola Zillikens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center,
3015GE
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)-sponsored Netherlands
Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA), Rotterdam
The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford
OX3 7BN, UK
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and Harvard University, Cambridge
2142, USA
- The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford,
Oxford
OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Tuomas Oskari Kilpeläinen
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research,
Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
University of Copenhagen, 2100
Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York
10029, USA
- The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of
Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of
Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge
CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program,
The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New
York, 10029, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Icahn
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
10029, USA
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348
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Cousminer DL, Widén E, Palmert MR. The genetics of pubertal timing in the general population: recent advances and evidence for sex-specificity. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2016; 23:57-65. [PMID: 26574646 PMCID: PMC4734379 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article overviews advances in the genetics of puberty based on studies in the general population, describes evidence for sex-specific genetic effects on pubertal timing, and briefly reviews possible mechanisms mediating sexually dimorphic genetic effects. RECENT FINDINGS Pubertal timing is highly polygenic, and many loci are conserved among ethnicities. A number of identified loci underlie both pubertal timing and related traits such as height and BMI. It is increasingly apparent that understanding the factors modulating the onset of puberty is important because the timing of this developmental stage is associated with a wider range of adult health outcomes than previously appreciated. Although most of the genetic effects underlying the timing of puberty are common between boys and girls, some effects show sex-specificity and many are epigenetically modulated. Several potential mechanisms, including hormone-independent ones, may be responsible for observed sex differences. SUMMARY Studies of pubertal timing in the general population have provided new knowledge about the genetic architecture of this complex trait. Increasing attention paid to sex-specific effects may provide key insights into the sexual dimorphism in pubertal timing and even into the associations between puberty and adult health risks by identifying common underlying biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark R. Palmert
- Division of Endocrinology, the Hospital for Sick Children
- The Departments of Pediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Canada
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349
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Stamou MI, Cox KH, Crowley WF. Withdrawn: Discovering Genes Essential to the Hypothalamic Regulation of Human Reproduction Using a Human Disease Model: Adjusting to Life in the "-Omics" Era. Endocr Rev 2016; 2016:4-22. [PMID: 27454361 PMCID: PMC6958992 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1045.2016.1.test] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction is an intricate process requiring the exquisite coordination of an assortment of cellular networks, all converging on the GnRH neurons. These neurons have a complex life history, migrating mainly from the olfactory placode into the hypothalamus, where GnRH is secreted and acts as the master regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Much of what we know about the biology of the GnRH neurons has been aided by discoveries made using the human disease model of isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD), a family of rare Mendelian disorders that share a common failure of secretion and/or action of GnRH causing hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Over the last 30 years, research groups around the world have been investigating the genetic basis of IGD using different strategies based on complex cases that harbor structural abnormalities or single pleiotropic genes, endogamous pedigrees, candidate gene approaches as well as pathway gene analyses. Although such traditional approaches, based on well-validated tools, have been critical to establish the field, new strategies, such as next-generation sequencing, are now providing speed and robustness, but also revealing a surprising number of variants in known IGD genes in both patients and healthy controls. Thus, before the field moves forward with new genetic tools and continues discovery efforts, we must reassess what we know about IGD genetics and prepare to hold our work to a different standard. The purpose of this review is to: 1) look back at the strategies used to discover the "known" genes implicated in the rare forms of IGD; 2) examine the strengths and weaknesses of the methodologies used to validate genetic variation; 3)substantiate the role of known genes in the pathophysiology of the disease; and 4) project forward as we embark upon a widening use of these new and powerful technologies for gene discovery. (Endocrine Reviews 36: 603-621, 2015).
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Stamou
- Harvard National Center for Translational Research in Reproduction and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - K H Cox
- Harvard National Center for Translational Research in Reproduction and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - William F Crowley
- Harvard National Center for Translational Research in Reproduction and Infertility, Reproductive Endocrine Unit of the Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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350
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Zhang W, Li H, Li Z, Li Q. A two-phase procedure for non-normal quantitative trait genetic association study. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:52. [PMID: 26821800 PMCID: PMC4730615 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonparametric trend test (NPT) is well suitable for identifying the genetic variants associated with quantitative traits when the trait values do not satisfy the normal distribution assumption. If the genetic model, defined according to the mode of inheritance, is known, the NPT derived under the given genetic model is optimal. However, in practice, the genetic model is often unknown beforehand. The NPT derived from an uncorrected model might result in loss of power. When the underlying genetic model is unknown, a robust test is preferred to maintain satisfactory power. RESULTS We propose a two-phase procedure to handle the uncertainty of the genetic model for non-normal quantitative trait genetic association study. First, a model selection procedure is employed to help choose the genetic model. Then the optimal test derived under the selected model is constructed to test for possible association. To control the type I error rate, we derive the joint distribution of the test statistics developed in the two phases and obtain the proper size. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is more robust than existing methods through the simulation results and application to gene DNAH9 from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 16 for associated with Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody further demonstrate its performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Control, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Huiyun Li
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhaohai Li
- Department of Statistics, George Washington University, Washington, 20052, DC, USA.
| | - Qizhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Control, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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