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Aazami MA, Asghari-Aruq M, Hassanpouraghdam MB, Ercisli S, Baron M, Sochor J. Low Temperature Stress Mediates the Antioxidants Pool and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Vitis vinifera L. Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091877. [PMID: 34579411 PMCID: PMC8470009 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Grapes are sensitive to early autumn and spring low temperature damage. The current study aimed to assay the effects of cold stress (+1 °C for 4, 8, and 16 h) on three grapevine cultivars (Ghiziluzum, Khalili, and Perllete). The results showed that cold stress caused significant changes in the antioxidant and biochemicals content in the studied cultivars. Furthermore, examining the chlorophyll fluorescence indices, cold stress caused a significant increase in minimal fluorescence (F0), a decrease in maximal fluorescence (Fm), and the maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (Fv/Fm) in all cultivars. Among the studied cultivars, 'Perllete' had the highest increase in proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes and also had the lowest accumulation of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, electrolyte leakage, and F0, as well as less of a decrease in Fm and Fv/Fm, and had a higher tolerance to cold stress than 'Ghiziluzum' and 'Khalili'. 'Perllete' and 'Ghiziluzum' showed reasonable tolerance to the low temperature stress. 'Khalili' was sensitive to the stress. The rapid screening of grapevine cultivars in early spring low temperatures is applicable with the assaying of some biomolecules and chlorophyll fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Aazami
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (M.A.-A.); (M.B.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +98-914-321-0748
| | - Majid Asghari-Aruq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (M.A.-A.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Mohammad B. Hassanpouraghdam
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 55181-83111, Iran; (M.A.-A.); (M.B.H.)
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valticka 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic; (M.B.); (J.S.)
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302
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Ahammed GJ, Li CX, Li X, Liu A, Chen S, Zhou J. Overexpression of tomato RING E3 ubiquitin ligase gene SlRING1 confers cadmium tolerance by attenuating cadmium accumulation and oxidative stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:449-459. [PMID: 33616963 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution not only decreases crop yield and quality, but also affects human health via the food chain. Ubiquitination-dependent protein degradation is involved in plant growth, development, and environmental interaction, but the functions of ubiquitin-ligase (E3) genes are largely unknown in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Here, we functionally characterized a RING E3 ligase gene, SlRING1, which positively regulates cadmium (Cd) tolerance in tomato plants. An in vitro ubiquitination experiment shows that SlRING1 has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. The determination of the subcellular localization reveals that SlRING1 is localized at both the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Overexpression of SlRING1 in tomato increased the chlorophyll content, the net photosynthetic rate, and the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), but reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species and relative electrolyte leakage under Cd stress. Moreover, SlRING1 overexpression increased the transcript levels of CATALASE (CAT), DEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE (DHAR), MONODEHYDROASCORBATE REDUCTASE (MDHAR), GLUTATHIONE (GSH1), and PHYTOCHELATIN SYNTHASE (PCS), which contribute to the antioxidant and detoxification system. Crucially, SlRING1 overexpression also reduced the concentrations of Cd in both shoots and roots. Thus, SlRING1-overexpression-induced enhanced tolerance to Cd is ascribed to reduced Cd accumulation and alleviated oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that SlRING1 is a positive regulator of Cd tolerance, which can be a potential breeding target for improving heavy metal tolerance in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Cai-Xia Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Airong Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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303
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Liang Y, Lu T, Liu Z, Jin X, Hou L, Xu J, Zhao H, Shi Y, Ahammed GJ. Comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the protective effects of silicon against low phosphorus stress in tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:78-87. [PMID: 34090123 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient controlling plant growth and development through the regulation of basic metabolic processes. Soil P deficiency is one of the major limiting factors for sustainable crop production worldwide. Previous studies have demonstrated that silicon (Si), as a beneficial element, promotes plant nutrition, growth, development, and responses to low P (LP) stress; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying Si-mediated LP tolerance remain largely unclear. Here, we found that LP + Si treatment increased the net photosynthetic rate and shoot fresh weight by 34.3%, and 121.3%, respectively compared with LP alone. RNA-sequencing and metabolomic analyses were subsequently performed with tomato plants grown under control and P depleted conditions with or without Si amendment. RNA-sequencing showed that Si supply alters not only the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and P but also phosphorylation processes and metabolism of glutathione and reactive active oxygen in tomato roots. Si also affected the expression of genes encoding major transcription factors such as WRKY and MYB under LP stress. Moreover, a set of genes encoding the enzymes or regulators of organic acid (OA) metabolism or secretion were differentially expressed in Si-treated P deficient roots compared with those in LP stress alone. Furthermore, the metabolomic analysis showed that the levels of several OAs were significantly elevated in Si-treated P deficient roots. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenous Si increases the secretion of OAs by modulating C/N metabolism in LP-treated tomato roots and thereby improving plant growth under LP stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Haoting Chen
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Xiu Jin
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Leiping Hou
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hailiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, Henan, China.
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304
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Onyibe PN, Edo GI, Nwosu LC, Ozgor E. Effects of vernonia amygdalina fractionate on glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase on alloxan induced diabetes wistar rat. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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305
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Lashkary M, Moghaddam M, Asgharzade A, Tatari M. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle is involved in mitigating NaCl-induced Calendula officinalis L. by activation of antioxidant defense system and accumulation of osmolytes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:31-40. [PMID: 34087743 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of TiO2NPs on biochemical and physiological parameters of marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) under NaCl stress. Treatments included TiO2NPs applied as foliar spraying in three levels (50, 100, and 200 mgL-1), no foliar application as control, and different NaCl levels (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM) by adding NaCl to irrigation water. According to the results, the application of different concentrations of TiO2 had various effects on the studied parameters. The use of 100 mgL-1 TiO2NPs increased flavonoid content of the leaves (at 30 mM NaCl), cell membrane injury (with no salinity), CAT and SOD activities (at 90 mM NaCl), and PPO activity (at 60 mM NaCl). On the other hand, using 100 mgL-1 TiO2NPs under salinity stress decreased MDA and H2O2 contents. Moreover, using 200 mgL-1 TiO2NPs increased photosynthetic pigments content, total flavonoid content of flowers, total soluble sugar, carotenoid content of flowers, and RWC (at the treatment with no salinity), aboveground and underground biomasses (at 30 mM and 60 mM NaCl, respectively), phenolic content and antioxidant activity (at 30 mM NaCl), and APX activity (at 90 mM NaCl). In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that TiO2NPs could be a useful material to mitigate the harmful effects of salinity stress. Furthermore, the TiO2NPs spraying could have beneficial effects on osmotic adjustment, biochemical compound, non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities, and growth of marigold under NaCl stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Lashkary
- Department of Horticultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Shirvan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moghaddam
- Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, P.O. Box 91775-1163, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Asgharzade
- Department of Horticultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Shirvan, Iran
| | - Maryam Tatari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan Branch, Shirvan, Iran
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306
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Hasanuzzaman M, Raihan MRH, Masud AAC, Rahman K, Nowroz F, Rahman M, Nahar K, Fujita M. Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant Defense in Plants under Salinity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179326. [PMID: 34502233 PMCID: PMC8430727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen species, (ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but at higher concentrations, those ROS cause oxidative stress. Salinity-induced osmotic stress and ionic stress trigger the overproduction of ROS and, ultimately, result in oxidative damage to cell organelles and membrane components, and at severe levels, they cause cell and plant death. The antioxidant defense system protects the plant from salt-induced oxidative damage by detoxifying the ROS and also by maintaining the balance of ROS generation under salt stress. Different plant hormones and genes are also associated with the signaling and antioxidant defense system to protect plants when they are exposed to salt stress. Salt-induced ROS overgeneration is one of the major reasons for hampering the morpho-physiological and biochemical activities of plants which can be largely restored through enhancing the antioxidant defense system that detoxifies ROS. In this review, we discuss the salt-induced generation of ROS, oxidative stress and antioxidant defense of plants under salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
| | - Md. Rakib Hossain Raihan
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Abdul Awal Chowdhury Masud
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Khussboo Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Farzana Nowroz
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Mira Rahman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.R.H.R.); (A.A.C.M.); (K.R.); (F.N.); (M.R.)
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho 761-0795, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (M.F.)
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307
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Effect of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin on Ceratocystis fimbriata to control black rot of sweet potato: processes of reactive oxygen species generation and antioxidant defense responses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:148. [PMID: 34363541 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Black rot, caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata, is one of the most destructive disease of sweet potato worldwide, resulting in significant yield losses. However, a proper management system can increase resistance to this disease. Therefore, this study investigated the potential of using tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) to improve the antioxidant defense systems in sweet potato as well as the inhibitory effects on the growth of and antioxidant activity in C. fimbriata. Four days after inoculating cut surfaces of sweet potato disks with C. fimbriata, disease development was reduced by different concentrations of TEB + TRI. Infection by C. fimbriata increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), and electrolyte leakage (EL), and the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) by 138, 152, 73, and 282%, respectively, in sweet potato disks, relative to control. In the sweet potato disks, C. fimbriata reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities as well as the contents of ascorbate (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) by 82 and 91%, respectively, compared with control. However, TEB + TRI reduced the oxidative damage in the C. fimbriata-inoculated sweet potato disks by enhancing the antioxidant defense systems. On the other hand, applying TEB + TRI increased the levels of H2O2, MDA, and EL, and increased the activity of LOX in C. fimbriata, in which the contents of AsA and GSH decreased, and therefore, inhibited the growth of C. fimbriata. These results suggest that TEB + TRI can significantly control black rot disease in sweet potato by inhibiting the growth of C. fimbriata.
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308
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Żur I, Kopeć P, Surówka E, Dubas E, Krzewska M, Nowicka A, Janowiak F, Juzoń K, Janas A, Barna B, Fodor J. Impact of Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle Components on the Effectiveness of Embryogenesis Induction in Isolated Microspore Cultures of Barley and Triticale. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1254. [PMID: 34439502 PMCID: PMC8389252 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhanced antioxidant defence plays an essential role in plant survival under stress conditions. However, excessive antioxidant activity sometimes suppresses the signal necessary for the initiation of the desired biological reactions. One such example is microspore embryogenesis (ME)-a process of embryo-like structure formation triggered by stress in immature male gametophytes. The study focused on the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defence in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) microspore reprogramming. ME was induced through various stress treatments of tillers and its effectiveness was analysed in terms of ascorbate and glutathione contents, total activity of low molecular weight antioxidants and activities of glutathione-ascorbate cycle enzymes. The most effective treatment for both species was a combination of low temperature and exogenous application of 0.3 M mannitol, with or without 0.3 mM reduced glutathione. The applied treatments induced genotype-specific defence responses. In triticale, both ascorbate and glutathione were associated with ME induction, though the role of glutathione did not seem to be related to its function as a reducing agent. In barley, effective ME was accompanied by an accumulation of ascorbate and high activity of enzymes regulating its redox status, without direct relation to glutathione content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Żur
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Przemysław Kopeć
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Surówka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Ewa Dubas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Monika Krzewska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Anna Nowicka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Franciszek Janowiak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Janas
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (E.S.); (E.D.); (M.K.); (A.N.); (F.J.); (K.J.); (A.J.)
| | - Balázs Barna
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (J.F.)
| | - József Fodor
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman Ottó út 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary; (B.B.); (J.F.)
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309
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Cell Death and Metabolic Stress in Gymnodinium catenatum Induced by Allelopathy. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070506. [PMID: 34357978 PMCID: PMC8310274 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Allelopathy between phytoplankton species can promote cellular stress and programmed cell death (PCD). The raphidophyte Chattonella marina var. marina, and the dinoflagellates Margalefidinium polykrikoides and Gymnodinium impudicum have allelopathic effects on Gymnodinium catenatum; however, the physiological mechanisms are unknown. We evaluated whether the allelopathic effect promotes cellular stress and activates PCD in G. catenatum. Cultures of G. catenatum were exposed to cell-free media of C. marina var. marina, M. polykrikoides and G. impudicum. The mortality, superoxide radical (O2●-) production, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, protein content, and caspase-3 activity were quantified. Mortality (between 57 and 79%) was registered in G. catenatum after exposure to cell-free media of the three species. The maximal O2●- production occurred with C. marina var. marina cell-free media. The highest TBARS levels and SOD activity in G. catenatum were recorded with cell-free media from G. impudicum. The highest protein content was recorded with cell-free media from M. polykrikoides. All cell-free media caused an increase in the activity of caspase-3. These results indicate that the allelopathic effect in G. catenatum promotes cell stress and caspase-3 activation, as a signal for the induction of programmed cell death.
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310
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Effects of CaCl 2 Treatment Alleviates Chilling Injury of Loquat Fruit ( Eribotrya japonica) by Modulating ROS Homeostasis. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071662. [PMID: 34359530 PMCID: PMC8304281 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2) treatment on chilling injury (CI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, and ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle in loquat fruit at 1 °C storage for 35 d were investigated. The results indicated that CaCl2 treatment remarkably suppressed the increase in browning index and firmness as well as the decrease in extractable juice rate. CaCl2 treatment also decreased the production of superoxide radical (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, but increased the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging ability, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and their gene expressions. Moreover, compared to the control loquat fruit, CaCl2-treated fruit maintained higher contents of AsA, GSH, higher levels of activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and expressions of EjAPX, EjGR, EjMDHAR, and EjDHAR, but exhibited lower glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content. These results suggested that CaCl2 treatment alleviated CI in loquat fruit through enhancing antioxidant enzymes activities and AsA-GSH cycle system to quench ROS.
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311
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Mohammadi MA, Cheng Y, Aslam M, Jakada BH, Wai MH, Ye K, He X, Luo T, Ye L, Dong C, Hu B, Priyadarshani SVGN, Wang-Pruski G, Qin Y. ROS and Oxidative Response Systems in Plants Under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses: Revisiting the Crucial Role of Phosphite Triggered Plants Defense Response. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:631318. [PMID: 34276579 PMCID: PMC8281016 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.631318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphite (Phi) is a chemical analog of orthophosphate [HPO4 3-]. It is a systemic pesticide generally known to control the prevalence of oomycetes and soil-borne diseases such as Phytophthora, Pythium, and Plasmopora species. Phi can also control disease symptoms and the spread of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. Phi plays critical roles as a fungicide, pesticide, fertilizer, or biostimulator. Overall, Phi can alleviate the severity of the disease caused by oomycete, fungi, pathogenic bacteria, and nematodes (leave, stem, fruit, tuber, and root) in various plants (vegetables, fruits, crops, root/tuber crops, ornamental plants, and forests). Advance research in molecular, physiological, and biochemical approaches has approved the key role of Phi in enhancing crop growth, quantity, and quality of several plant species. Phi is chemically similar to orthophosphate, and inside the cells, it is likely to get involved in different features of phosphate metabolism in both plants and pathogens. In plants, a range of physiobiochemical alterations are induced by plant pathogen stress, which causes lowered photosynthesis activities, enzymatic activities, increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modification in a large group of genes. To date, several attempts have been made to study plant-pathogen interactions with the intent to minimize the loss of crop productivity. Phi's emerging function as a biostimulant in plants has boost plant yield and tolerance against various stress factors. This review discusses Phi-mediated biostimulant effects against biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Alberoni University, Kohistan, Afghanistan
| | - Yan Cheng
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Bello Hassan Jakada
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Myat Hnin Wai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangzhuo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunxing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - S. V. G. N. Priyadarshani
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- National Education Commission, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Yuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, College of Life Sciences, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Lanza MGDB, Reis ARD. Roles of selenium in mineral plant nutrition: ROS scavenging responses against abiotic stresses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:27-43. [PMID: 33962229 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Agronomic biofortification of crops with selenium (Se) is an important strategy to minimize hidden hunger and increase nutrient intake in poor populations. Selenium is an element that has several physiological and biochemical characteristics, such as the mitigation of different types of abiotic stress. Selenoproteins act as powerful antioxidants in plant metabolism through the glutathione peroxidase (GSH) pathway, and provide an increased activity for enzymatic (SOD, CAT, and APX) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and tocopherols) compounds that act in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging system and cell detoxification. Selenium helps to inhibit the damage caused by climate changes such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, and extreme temperature. Also, Se regulates antenna complex of photosynthesis, protecting chlorophylls by raising photosynthetic pigments. However, Se concentrations in soils vary widely in the earth's crust. Soil Se availability regulates the uptake, transport, accumulation, and speciation in plants. Foliar Se application at the concentration 50 g ha-1 applied as sodium selenate increases the antioxidant, photosynthetic metabolism, and yield of several crops. Foliar Se application is a strategy to minimize soil adsorption and root accumulation. However, the limit between the beneficial and toxic effects of Se requires research to establish an optimal dose for each plant species under different edaphoclimatic conditions. In this review, we present the compilation of several studies on agronomic biofortification of plants with Se to ensure food production and food security to mitigate hidden hunger and improve the health of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Dantas Bereta Lanza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
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313
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Actinidia arguta Leaf as a Donor of Potentially Healthful Bioactive Compounds: Implications of Cultivar, Time of Sampling and Soil N Level. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133871. [PMID: 34202843 PMCID: PMC8270254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status of kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) leaf under different N regimes tested three times in field conditions during the 2015 growing season in two cultivars (‘Weiki’ and ‘Geneva’). Leaf total antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests was evaluated in the years 2015 to 2017, which experienced different weather conditions. Both cultivars exhibited a significant fall in leaf L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as global content of these compounds during the growing season, while total phenolic contents slightly (‘Weiki’) or significantly (‘Geneva’) increased. There was a large fluctuation in antioxidative enzyme activity during the season. The correlation between individual antioxidants and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) depended on the plant development phase. The study revealed two peaks of an increase in TEAC at the start and end of the growing season. Leaf L-AA, global phenolics, APX, CAT and TEAC depended on the N level, but thiol compounds were not affected. Over the three years, TEAC decreased as soil N fertility increased, and the strength of the N effect was year dependent. The relationship between leaf N content and ABTS and FRAP tests was highly negative. The antioxidant properties of kiwiberry leaves were found to be closely related to the plant development phase and affected by soil N fertility.
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314
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Role of Glutathione-Ascorbate Cycle and Photosynthetic Electronic Transfer in Alternative Oxidase-Manipulated Waterlogging Tolerance in Watermelon Seedlings. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Alternative oxidase (AOX) has been documented to mitigate the oxidative stress caused by abiotic stresses. However, it remains unknown how AOX regulates the antioxidant system and photosynthesis under waterlogging. To address this issue, we used two watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) cultivars (waterlogging tolerant cultivar ‘YL’ and sensitive cultivar ‘Zaojia8424’) as materials and the AOX inhibitor salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) to investigate the effects of AOX on photosynthesis and reactive oxygen species metabolism under waterlogging. We found that waterlogging decreased leaf photosynthesis and quantum yield of photosynthesis in watermelon, and the waterlogging tolerant cultivar ‘YL’ showed higher expression level of ClaAOX than the sensitive cultivar ‘Zaojia8424’. Net photosynthesis rate was higher in ‘YL’ than ‘Zaojia8424’. Moreover, waterlogging induced photoinhibition in ‘Zaojia8424’ but not in ‘YL’. Meanwhile, waterlogging promoted the accumulation of superoxide and peroxide hydrogen, and triggered oxidative damage. ‘YL’ suffered from less severe oxidative damage due to increased contents of ascorbate, a higher ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), a higher activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT), and enhanced levels of CAT and APX expression, relative to ‘Zaojia8424’. However, the alleviation of photosynthesis and oxidative damage, increased content of ascorbate and higher GSH/GSSG ratio were abolished by SHAM. Our results suggested that photosynthetic electronic transfer and glutathione-ascorbate cycle are involved in waterlogging tolerance mediated by the AOX pathway in watermelon.
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315
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Abstract
Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of plant salt tolerance is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve crop yield, to cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, and to make full use of saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews the damage of salt stress to plants, including suppression of photosynthesis, disturbance of ion homeostasis, and membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized the physiological mechanisms of salt tolerance, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) pathway, and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, are included. We have also enumerated some salt stress-responsive genes that correspond to physiological mechanisms. In the end, we have outlined the present approaches and techniques to improve salt tolerance of plants. All in all, we reviewed those aspects above, in the hope of providing valuable background knowledge for the future cultivation of agricultural and forestry plants.
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316
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Khan R, Ma X, Zhang J, Wu X, Iqbal A, Wu Y, Zhou L, Wang S. Circular drought-hardening confers drought tolerance via modulation of the antioxidant defense system, osmoregulation, and gene expression in tobacco. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1073-1088. [PMID: 33755204 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress hinders the growth and development of crop plants and ultimately its productivity. It is expected that drought stress will be frequent and intense in the future due to drastic changes in the global climate. It is necessary to make crop plants more resilient to drought stress through various techniques; drought-hardening is one of them. Defining various metabolic strategies used by tobacco plants to confer drought tolerance will be important for maintaining plant physiological functions, but studies addressing this topic are limited. This study was designed to elucidate the drought tolerance and adaptation strategies used by tobacco plants via the application of different circular drought-hardening cycles (control: no drought-hardening, T1: one cycle of drought hardening, T2: two cycles of drought-hardening, and T3: three cycles of drought-hardening) to two tobacco varieties namely Honghuadajinyuan (H) and Yun Yan-100 (Y). The results revealed that drought-hardening decreased the fresh and dry biomass of the tobacco plants. The decrease was more pronounced in the T3 treatment for both H (23 and 29%, respectively) and Y (26 and 31%, respectively) under drought stress. The MDA contents, especially in T1 and T2 in both varieties, were statistically similar compared with control under drought stress. Similarly, higher POD, APX, and GR activities were observed, especially in T3, and elevated amounts of AsA and GSH were also observed among the different circular drought-hardening treatments under drought stress. Thus circular drought-hardening mitigated the oxidative damage by increasing the antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated the content of antioxidant substances, a key metabolic strategy under drought stress. Similarly, another important plant metabolic strategy is the osmotic adjustment. Different circular drought-hardening treatments improved the accumulation of proline and soluble sugars contents which contributed to osmoregulation. Finally, at the molecular level, circular drought-hardening improved the transcript levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT, APX1, and GR2), proline and polyamines biosynthesis-related genes (P5CS1 and ADC2), and ABA signaling (SnRK2), and transcription factors (AREB1 and WRKY6) in response to drought stress. As a result, circular drought-hardening (T2 and T3 treatments) promoted tolerance to water stress via affecting the anti-oxidative capacity, osmotic adjustment, and regulation of gene expression in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayyan Khan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anas Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao, China
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317
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Ayyaz A, Miao Y, Hannan F, Islam F, Zhang K, Xu J, Farooq MA, Zhou W. Drought tolerance in Brassica napus is accompanied with enhanced antioxidative protection, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation at seedling stage. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1133-1148. [PMID: 33599291 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, food insecurity, water scarcity, and population growth are some of today's world's frightening problems. Drought stress exerts a constant threat to field crops and is often seen as a major constraint on global agricultural productivity; its intensity and frequency are expected to increase in the near future. The present study investigated the effects of drought stress (15% w/v polyethylene glycol PEG-6000) on physiological and biochemical changes in five Brassica napus cultivars (ZD630, ZD622, ZD619, GY605, and ZS11). For drought stress induction, 3-week-old rapeseed oil seedlings were treated with PEG-6000 in full strength Hoagland nutrient solution for 7 days. PEG treatment significantly decreased the plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency, including primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of PSII, intercellular CO2 , net photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, and water-use efficiency of all studied B. napus cultivars; however, pronounced growth retardations were observed in cultivar GY605. Drought-stressed B. napus cultivars also experienced a sharp rise in H2 O2 generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, the accumulation of ROS was accompanied by increased activity of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase), although the increase was more obvious in ZD622 and ZS11. Drought stress also caused an increased endogenous hormonal biosynthesis (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid) and accumulation of total soluble proteins and proline content, but the extent varies in B. napus cultivars. These results suggest that B. napus cultivars have an efficient drought stress tolerance mechanism, as shown by improved antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Ayyaz
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Miao
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fakhir Hannan
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangni Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Xu
- Institute of Crop Science, Quzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Quzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Farooq
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Institute of Crop Science, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Laboratory of Spectroscopy Sensing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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318
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Amini Hajiabadi A, Mosleh Arani A, Ghasemi S, Rad MH, Etesami H, Shabazi Manshadi S, Dolati A. Mining the rhizosphere of halophytic rangeland plants for halotolerant bacteria to improve growth and yield of salinity-stressed wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 163:139-153. [PMID: 33845330 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of three halotolerant rhizobacterial isolates AL, HR, and SB, which are able to grow at a salinity level of 1600 mM NaCl, with multiple plant growth promoting (PGP) traits on some seed and forage quality attributes, and vegetative, reproductive, biochemical and physiological characteristics of wheat plant irrigated with saline water (0, 40, 80, and 160 mM NaCl) were investigated. The ability of halotolerant bacterial isolates to produce PGP traits was affected by salinity levels, depending upon the bacterial isolates. Salinity stress significantly affected the yield, quality, and growth of wheat by modifying the morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of the exposed plants. However, all three bacterial isolates, especially isolate AL, significantly improved the biochemical (an increase in K+/Na+ ratio by 55%, plant P content by 50%, and plant Ca content by 31%), morphological (an increase in stem dry weight by 52%, root dry weight by 44%, spike dry weight by 34%, and grain dry weight by 43%), and physiological (an increase in leaf proline content by 50% and total phenol in leaf by 42%) attributes of wheat and aided the plant to tolerate salinity stress in contrast to un-inoculated plant. Plants inoculated with bacterial isolates showed significantly improved seed amylose by 36%, leaf crude protein by 30%, leaf metabolic energy by 37%, and leaf water-soluble sugar content by 34%. Among the measured PGP and plant attributes, bacterial auxin and plant K content were of key importance in increasing reproductive performance of wheat. The bacterial isolates AL, HR, and SB were identified as Bacillus safensis, B. pumilus, and Zhihengliuella halotolerans, respectively, based on 16 S rDNA sequence. The study reveals that application of halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from halophytic rangeland plants can be a cost effective and ecological sustainable method to improve wheat productivity, especially the attributes related to seed and forage quality, under salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asghar Mosleh Arani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Ghasemi
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hadi Rad
- Forest and Rangeland Division, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resource Research and Education Center, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Etesami
- Department of Soil Science, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Ali Dolati
- Faculty of Mathematics, Department of Statistics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
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319
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Antioxidant Defenses in Plants: A Dated Topic of Current Interest. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060855. [PMID: 34071788 PMCID: PMC8228735 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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320
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Mellidou I, Koukounaras A, Kostas S, Patelou E, Kanellis AK. Regulation of Vitamin C Accumulation for Improved Tomato Fruit Quality and Alleviation of Abiotic Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050694. [PMID: 34066421 PMCID: PMC8148108 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an essential multifaceted phytonutrient for both the human diet and plant growth. Optimum levels of AsA accumulation combined with balanced redox homeostasis are required for normal plant development and defense response to adverse environmental stimuli. Notwithstanding its moderate AsA levels, tomatoes constitute a good source of vitamin C in the human diet. Therefore, the enhancement of AsA levels in tomato fruit attracts considerable attention, not only to improve its nutritional value but also to stimulate stress tolerance. Genetic regulation of AsA concentrations in plants can be achieved through the fine-tuning of biosynthetic, recycling, and transport mechanisms; it is also linked to changes in the whole fruit metabolism. Emerging evidence suggests that tomato synthesizes AsA mainly through the l-galactose pathway, but alternative pathways through d-galacturonate or myo-inositol, or seemingly unrelated transcription and regulatory factors, can be also relevant in certain developmental stages or in response to abiotic factors. Considering the recent advances in our understanding of AsA regulation in model and other non-model species, this review attempts to link the current consensus with novel technologies to provide a comprehensive strategy for AsA enhancement in tomatoes, without any detrimental effect on plant growth or fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Mellidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hao Elgo-Demeter, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Athanasios Koukounaras
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Stefanos Kostas
- Department of Horticulture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Efstathia Patelou
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Angelos K. Kanellis
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Group of Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (A.K.K.)
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321
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Sequential Antioxidants Foliar Application Can Alleviate Negative Consequences of Salinity Stress in Vicia faba L. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050914. [PMID: 34063267 PMCID: PMC8147453 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most limiting abiotic stresses in agricultural productivity. Exogenously applied antioxidants successfully enabled salt-stressed plants to cope with stress. Two-season field experiments were conducted consecutively in 2016/17 and 2017/18 to study the effects of foliar applications of singular (ascorbate, AsA; proline, Pro; and glutathione, GSH) or sequential (AsA-Pro-GSH and GSH-Pro-AsA) antioxidants on growth, yield, physio-biochemical attributes, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defense system of Vicia faba L. (CV. Sakha-1) plants grown under saline soil conditions (EC = 4.53 dS m−1). Under soil salinity conditions, AsA, Pro, or GSH-Pro-ASA improved growth and productivity, photosynthesis efficiency, stomatal conductance (gs), plant water status, as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. However, sequential AsA-Pro-GSH foliar application followed by singular GSH significantly exceeded all other treatments (i.e., AsA, Pro, and GSH-Pro-AsA), improving growth characteristics (shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weights, and leaves area), photosynthesis efficiency, stomatal conductance, plant water status, and yield and its components (green pods weight/plant−1, green pods yield/hectare−1, and seed yield/hectare−1), as well as enzymatic (ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (AsA, GSH, Pro, phenolic aglycone, phenolic glycosides) antioxidants compared to control. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that sequential AsA-Pro-GSH foliar application has a positive effect on salt-stressed Vicia faba plants.
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322
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Abu-Tahon MA, Isaac GS, Mogazy AM. Protective role of fat hen (Chenopodium album L.) extract and gamma irradiation treatments against fusarium root rot disease in sunflower plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:497-507. [PMID: 33320971 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One of the most drastic diseases causing economic losses in sunflower crops is fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani. Plant extracts and ionizing radiation provide alternative environmentally safe control agents that have a significant role in controlling and overcoming this fungal plant pathogen. In the present study, the effect of different concentrations of aqueous Chenopodium album extract (2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0%) and gamma radiation at a dose of 6 Gy were examined for their efficacy in inducing resistance of sunflower plants against fusarium root rot caused by F. solani MG-3 by evaluation of some physiological and biochemical parameters of infected and healthy plants under greenhouse conditions. The pre-treatment of sunflower seeds with 6% C. album extract and 6 Gy gamma radiation reduced fusarium incidence from 47.49% to 28.25%. Also, nucleic acid content, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, anthocyanin, total flavonoids, proline, glycine betaine and lipid components significantly increased in irradiated infected plants treated with C. album extract, while H2 O2 content and lipid peroxidation markedly decreased as compared with healthy control plants. Moreover, treatment with gamma radiation reduced the amount of unsaturated fatty acids through accumulation of saturated fatty acids compared with non-irradiated plants; treatment with C. album extract also enhanced the content of unsaturated fatty acids, with a noticeable decrease in saturated fatty acid content. Hence, C. album extract and gamma radiation can be used to enhance biological control of fusarium root rot of sunflower plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Abu-Tahon
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - G S Isaac
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Mogazy
- Biological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohsin SM, Hasanuzzaman M, Parvin K, Shahadat Hossain M, Fujita M. Protective role of tebuconazole and trifloxystrobin in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under cadmium stress via enhancement of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:1043-1057. [PMID: 34092950 PMCID: PMC8139999 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-00983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal and an environmental pollutant that significantly reduces plant growth and productivity. Proper management can ameliorate dysfunction and improve the plant growth and productivity exposed to Cd. Therefore, the present study was conducted to explore the protective role of the fungicides tebuconazole (TEB) and trifloxystrobin (TRI) in helping wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) seedlings to tolerate Cd. Five-day-old hydroponically grown seedlings were allowed to mild (0.25 mM CdCl2) and severe (0.5 mM CdCl2) Cd stress separately and with the fungicides (2.75 µM TEB + 1.0 µM TRI) for the next four days. Compared to control, the level of H2O2 in the seedlings exposed to mild and severe Cd stress alone increased by 81 and 112%, respectively. The accumulation of Cd also increased in the wheat seedlings along with declining mineral nutrients under Cd stress. The protective effect of TEB and TRI was observed with the enhancement of the antioxidant defense and methylglyoxalase systems and reduction in oxidative damage. Applying TEB and TRI reduced MDA (by 9 and 18%), EL (by 21 and 17%), MG (by 12 and 17%), and LOX activity (by 37 and 27%), respectively, relative to Cd stress alone. Cadmium uptake also decreased in the shoots (by 48 and 50%, respectively) and roots (by 23 and 25%, respectively) of the fungicide-treated wheat seedlings under mild and severe Cd stress, relative to stress alone. These results indicate the exogenous application of TEB and TRI is a promising approach to improve Cd tolerance in wheat plants. Further investigation is needed under field conditions and for other crop species to determine the Cd-tolerance induced by TEB and TRI application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Khursheda Parvin
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Shahadat Hossain
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa, 761-0795 Japan
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324
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Parvin K, Hasanuzzaman M, Mohsin SM, Nahar K, Fujita M. Coumarin improves tomato plant tolerance to salinity by enhancing antioxidant defence, glyoxalase system and ion homeostasis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23 Suppl 1:181-192. [PMID: 33135242 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a severe threat to crop growth, development and even to world food sustainability. Plant possess natural antioxidant defense tactics to mitigate salinity-induced oxidative stress. Phenolic compounds are non-enzymatic antioxidants with specific roles in protecting plant cells against stress-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Coumarin (COU) is one of these compounds, however, to date, little is known about antioxidative roles of exogenous COU in enhancing plant tolerance mechanisms under salt stress. The involvement of COU in increasing tomato salt tolerance was examined in the present study using COU as a pre-treatment at 20 or 30 µM for 2 days against salt stress (100 or 160 NaCl; 5 days). The COU-mediated stimulation of plant antioxidant defence and glyoxalase systems to suppress salt-induced ROS and methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity, respectively, were the main hypotheses examined in the present study. Addition of COU suppressed salt-induced excess accumulation of ROS and MG, and significantly reduced membrane damage, lipid peroxidation and Na+ toxicity. These results demonstrate COU-improved plant growth, biomass content, photosynthetic pigment content, water retention and mineral homeostasis upon imposition of salinity. Finally, this present study suggests that COU has potential roles as a phytoprotectant in stimulating plant antioxidative mechanisms and improving glyoxalase enzyme activity under salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S M Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
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325
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Thioredoxin h2 and o1 Show Different Subcellular Localizations and Redox-Active Functions, and Are Extrachloroplastic Factors Influencing Photosynthetic Performance in Fluctuating Light. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050705. [PMID: 33946819 PMCID: PMC8147087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis contains eight different h-type thioredoxins (Trx) being distributed in different cell organelles. Although Trx h2 is deemed to be confined to mitochondria, its subcellular localization and function are discussed controversially. Here, cell fractionation studies were used to clarify this question, showing Trx h2 protein to be exclusively localized in microsomes rather than mitochondria. Furthermore, Arabidopsis trxo1, trxh2 and trxo1h2 mutants were analyzed to compare the role of Trx h2 with mitochondrial Trx o1. Under medium light, trxo1 and trxo1h2 showed impaired growth, while trxh2 was similar to wild type. In line with this, trxo1 and trxo1h2 clustered differently from wild type with respect to nocturnal metabolite profiles, revealing a decrease in ascorbate and glutathione redox states. Under fluctuating light, these genotypic differences were attenuated. Instead, the trxo1h2 double mutant showed an improved NADPH redox balance, compared to wild type, accompanied by increased photosynthetic efficiency, specifically in the high-light phases. Conclusively, Trx h2 and Trx o1 are differentially localized in microsomes and mitochondria, respectively, which is associated with different redox-active functions and effects on plant growth in constant light, while there is a joint role of both Trxs in regulating NADPH redox balance and photosynthetic performance in fluctuating light.
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326
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Copper: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in plants and management of Cu-contaminated soil. Biometals 2021; 34:737-759. [PMID: 33909216 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential mineral nutrient for the proper growth and development of plants; it is involved in myriad morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Copper acts as a cofactor in various enzymes and performs essential roles in photosynthesis, respiration and the electron transport chain, and is a structural component of defense genes. Excess Cu, however, imparts negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Many studies have summarized the adverse effects of excess Cu on germination, growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in agricultural crops. Its inhibitory influence on mineral nutrition, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activity has been verified. The current review focuses on the availability and uptake of Cu by plants. The toxic effects of excess Cu on seed germination, plant growth and development, photosynthesis, and antioxidant response in plants are discussed. Plant tolerance mechanisms against Cu stress, and management of Cu-contaminated soils are presented.
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327
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Integrative Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Salt Stress Orchestrating the Accumulation of Specialized Metabolites in Lycium barbarum L. Fruit. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094414. [PMID: 33922536 PMCID: PMC8122869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress seriously affects yield and quality of crops. The fruit of Lycium barbarum (LBF) is extensively used as functional food due to its rich nutrient components. It remains unclear how salt stress influences the quality of LBF. In this study, we identified 71 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 1396 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among ripe LBF with and without 300 mM of NaCl treatment. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the metabolomic changes caused by salt stress were strongly related to oxidoreductases; hydrolases; and modifying enzymes, in particular, acyltransferases, methyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. Further analysis revealed that salt stress facilitated flavonoid glycosylation and carotenoid esterification by boosting the expression of structural genes in the biosynthetic pathways. These results suggested that salt stress prompts the modification of flavonoids and carotenoids to alleviate ROS damage, which in turn improves the quality of LBF. Our results lay a solid foundation for uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of salt stress orchestrating LBF quality, and the candidate genes identified will be a valuable gene resource for genetic improvement of L. barbarum.
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328
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Exogenous Gibberellic Acid or Dilute Bee Honey Boosts Drought Stress Tolerance in Vicia faba by Rebalancing Osmoprotectants, Antioxidants, Nutrients, and Phytohormones. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040748. [PMID: 33920494 PMCID: PMC8068922 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3) and biostimulants, including diluted bee honey (Db-H) can improve drought tolerance in many crops, including the faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Db-H contains high values of osmoprotectants, mineral nutrients, vitamins, and many antioxidants making it an effective growth regulator against environmental stress effects. Therefore, the present study was planned to investigate the potential improvement in the faba bean plant performance (growth and productivity) under full watering (100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc)) and drought stress (60% of ETc) by foliar application of GA3 (20 mg L−1) or Db-H (20 g L−1). The ameliorative impacts of these growth regulators on growth, productivity, physio-biochemical attributes, nutrient status, antioxidant defense system, and phytohormones were evaluated. GA3 or Db-H attenuated the negative influences of drought stress on cell membrane stability, ion leakage, relative water content, nutrient status, leaf pigments related to photosynthesis (chlorophylls and carotenoids), and efficiency of the photosystem II (PSII in terms of Fv/Fm and performance index), thus improving faba bean growth, green pod yield, and water use efficiency. Drought stress caused an abnormal state of nutrients and photosynthetic machinery due to increased indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2•−)), associated with increased osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugars, and soluble protein), non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, and α-tocopherol), and enzymatic antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and ascorbate peroxidase). However, foliar-applied GA3 or Db-H mediated further increases in osmoprotectants, antioxidant capacity, GA3, indole-3-acetic acid, and cytokinins, along with decreased levels of MDA and abscisic acid. These results suggest the use of GA3 or Db-H at the tested concentrations to mitigate drought-induced damage in bean plants to obtain satisfactory growth and productivity under a water deficit of up to 40%.
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329
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ROS Homeostasis and Plant Salt Tolerance: Plant Nanobiotechnology Updates. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an issue impairing crop production across the globe. Under salinity stress, besides the osmotic stress and Na+ toxicity, ROS (reactive oxygen species) overaccumulation is a secondary stress which further impairs plant performance. Chloroplasts, mitochondria, the apoplast, and peroxisomes are the main ROS generation sites in salt-stressed plants. In this review, we summarize ROS generation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems in salt-stressed plants, and the potential for plant biotechnology to maintain ROS homeostasis. Overall, this review summarizes the current understanding of ROS homeostasis of salt-stressed plants and highlights potential applications of plant nanobiotechnology to enhance plant tolerance to stresses.
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330
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Bhat JA, Ahmad P, Corpas FJ. Main nitric oxide (NO) hallmarks to relieve arsenic stress in higher plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124289. [PMID: 33153789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that adversely affects plant growth, and poses severe risks to human health. It induces disturbance to many physiological and metabolic pathways such as nutrient, water and redox imbalance, abnormal photosynthesis and ATP synthesis and loss of membrane integrity. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule endogenously generated in plant cells which has signalling properties. Under As-stress, the endogenous NO metabolism is significantly affected in a clear connection with the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering nitro-oxidative stress. However, the exogenous NO application provides beneficial effects under As-stress conditions which can relieve oxidative damages by stimulating the antioxidant systems, regulation of the expression of the transporter and other defence-related genes, modification of root cell wall composition or the biosynthesis of enriched sulfur compounds such phytochelatins (PCs). This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the key NO hallmarks to relieve As-stress in higher plants. Furthermore, it will be analyzed the diverse genetic engineering techniques to increase the endogenous NO content which could open new biotechnological applications, especially in crops under arsenic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 8, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
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331
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Salinity Effects on Morpho-Physiological and Yield Traits of Soybean ( Glycine max L.) as Mediated by Foliar Spray with Brassinolide. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030541. [PMID: 33805623 PMCID: PMC8000651 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Salinity episodes that are common in arid regions, characterized by dryland, are adversely affecting crop production worldwide. This study evaluated the effectiveness of brassinolide (BL) in ameliorating salinity stress imposed on soybean at four levels (control (1.10), 32.40, 60.60 and 86.30 mM/L NaCl) in factorial combination with six BL application frequency (control (BL0), application at seedling (BL1), flowering (BL2), podding (BL3), seedling + flowering (BL4) and seedling + flowering + podding (BL5)) stages. Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress. These trends were ascribed to considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress. The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity. Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress, and alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio and decreasing oxidative damage. Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.
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332
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Adiletta G, Di Matteo M, Petriccione M. Multifunctional Role of Chitosan Edible Coatings on Antioxidant Systems in Fruit Crops: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2633. [PMID: 33807862 PMCID: PMC7961546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based edible coatings represent an eco-friendly and biologically safe preservative tool to reduce qualitative decay of fresh and ready-to-eat fruits during post-harvest life due to their lack of toxicity, biodegradability, film-forming properties, and antimicrobial actions. Chitosan-based coatings modulate or control oxidative stress maintaining in different manner the appropriate balance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fruit cells, by the interplay of pathways and enzymes involved in ROS production and the scavenging mechanisms which essentially constitute the basic ROS cycle. This review is carried out with the aim to provide comprehensive and updated over-view of the state of the art related to the effects of chitosan-based edible coatings on anti-oxidant systems, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, evaluating the induced oxidative damages during storage in whole and ready-to-eat fruits. All these aspects are broadly reviewed in this review, with particular emphasis on the literature published during the last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Adiletta
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Marisa Di Matteo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.A.); (M.D.M.)
| | - Milena Petriccione
- CREA-Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via Torrino 3, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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333
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Singh H, Bhat JA, Singh VP, Corpas FJ, Yadav SR. Auxin metabolic network regulates the plant response to metalloids stress. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124250. [PMID: 33109410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metalloids are among the major pollutants posing a risk to the environment and global food security. Plant roots uptake these toxic metalloids from the soil along with other essential minerals. Plants respond to metalloid stress by regulating the distribution and levels of various endogenous phytohormones. Recent research showed that auxin is instrumental in mediating resilience to metalloid-induced stress in plants. Exogenous supplementation of the auxin or plant growth-promoting micro-organisms (PGPMs) alleviates metalloid uptake, localization, and accumulation in the plant tissues, thereby improving plant growth under metalloid stress. Moreover, auxin triggers various biological responses such as the production of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants to combat nitro-oxidative stress induced by the metalloids. However, an in-depth understanding of the auxin stimulated molecular and physiological responses to the metalloid toxicity needs to be investigated in future studies. The current review attempts to provide an update on the recent advances and the current state-of-the-art associated with auxin and metalloid interaction, which could be used as a start point to develop biotechnological tools and create an eco-friendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key L aboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Shri Ram Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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334
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Yao M, Ge W, Zhou Q, Zhou X, Luo M, Zhao Y, Wei B, Ji S. Exogenous glutathione alleviates chilling injury in postharvest bell pepper by modulating the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. Food Chem 2021; 352:129458. [PMID: 33714166 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of exogenous glutathione (GSH) on chilling injury (CI) in postharvest bell pepper fruits stored at low temperature and explored the mechanism of this treatment from the perspective of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle. Compared with the control, fruits treated with exogenous GSH before refrigeration displayed only slight CI symptoms and mitigated CI-induced cell damage after 10 d. Moreover, the treated peppers had lower lipid peroxidation product, H2O2, and O2- content than those did the control. Glutathione treatment enhanced the ascorbate-glutathione cycle by upregulating CaAPX1, CaGR2, CaMDHAR1, and CaDHAR1 and the antioxidant enzymes APX, GR, and MDHAR associated with the ascorbate-glutathione cycle. Glutathione treatment also increased ascorbate and glutathione concentrations. Taken together, our results showed that exogenous GSH treatment could alleviate CI in pepper fruits during cold storage by triggering the AsA-GSH cycle and improving antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Wanying Ge
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Manli Luo
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Yingbo Zhao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Baodong Wei
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China
| | - Shujuan Ji
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, No. 120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City 110866, PR China.
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335
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Sen Gupta G, Tiwari S. Role of antioxidant pool in management of ozone stress through soil nitrogen amendments in two cultivars of a tropical legume. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2021; 48:371-385. [PMID: 33256894 DOI: 10.1071/fp20159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present experiment was done on two different cultivars of a tropical legume, Cymopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub. (cluster bean) cvv. Pusa-Naubahar (PUSA-N) and Selection-151 (S-151). The experiment was conducted under ambient ozone (O3) conditions with inputs of three different doses of inorganic nitrogen (N1, recommended; N2, 1.5-times recommended and N3, 2-times recommended) as well as control plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soil nitrogen amendments in management of ambient ozone stress in the two cultivars of C. tetragonoloba. Our experiment showed that nitrogen amendments can be an efficient measure to manage O3 injury in plants. Stimulation of antioxidant enzyme activities under nitrogen amendments is an important feature of plants that help plants cope with ambient O3 stress. Nitrogen amendments strengthened the antioxidant machinery in a more effective way in the tolerant cultivar PUSA-N, while in the sensitive cultivar S-151, avoidance strategy marked by more reduction in stomatal conductance was more prominent. Enzymes of the Halliwell-Asada pathway, especially ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase, were more responsive and synchronised in PUSA-N than S-151, under similar nitrogen amendment regimes and were responsible for the differential sensitivities of the two cultivars of C. tetragonoloba. The present study shows that 1.5-times recommended dose of soil nitrogen amendments was sufficient in partial mitigation of O3 injury and the higher nitrogen dose (2-times recommended, in our case), did not provide any extra advantage to the plant's metabolism compared with plants treated with the lower nitrogen dose (1.5-times recommended).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gereraj Sen Gupta
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Supriya Tiwari
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; and Corresponding author.
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336
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Physiological and Biochemical Dissection Reveals a Trade-off Between Antioxidant Capacity and Heat Tolerance in Bread Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030351. [PMID: 33652954 PMCID: PMC7996931 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress alters photosynthetic components and the antioxidant scavenging system, negatively affecting plant growth and development. Plants overcome heat stress damage through an integrated network involving enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This study aimed to assess physiological and biochemical responses in contrasting thermo-tolerant wheat varieties exposed to 25 °C (control) and 35 °C (heat stress), during the seedling stage. Our results revealed a substantial decrease in the photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, anthocyanin content, and increased membrane injury index, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal (MG), H2O2 contents and lipoxygenase activity compared to non-stress wheat seedlings. The heat-tolerant variety BARI Gom 26 ("BG26") maintained higher cellular homeostasis compared to the heat susceptible variety Pavon 76 ("Pavon"), perpetuated by higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, ascorbate-glutathione cycle associated enzymes, reduced glutathione and ascorbate concentration in plant cells. Significantly lower levels of MG detoxification and antioxidant activities and ascorbate-glutathione cycle-related enzymatic activities lead to increased susceptibility in variety "Pavon". Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed that variety "BG26" possess a combination of biochemical responses tailoring antioxidant activities that induced a higher level of tolerance. Taken together, our results provide a pipeline for establishing a trade-off between antioxidant capacity and heat tolerance to facilitate functional genomics and translational research to unravel underlying mechanisms to better adapt wheat to heat stress.
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Morgun VV, Kots SY, Mamenko TP, Rybachenko LI, Pukhtaievych PP. Regulation of superoxide dismutase activity in soybean plants by inoculating seeds with rhizobia containing nanoparticles of metal carboxylates under conditions of different water supply. BIOSYSTEMS DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.15421/012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean is one of the most profitable advanced crops in agricultural production in Ukraine and the world as a whole. Therefore, studies of means of regulation and increase in the adaptive capacity of soybeans in symbiosis with nodule bacteria under the action of unfavourable environmental factors are relevant and should be aimed at the use of complex bacterial compositions involving modern nanotechnological approaches. Nanocarboxylates of ferrum, molybdenum and germanium metals were used as components of rhizobia inoculation suspension for soybean seed treatment to study the effectiveness of their complex effect on the regulation of the activity of the key antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase in plants under drought. Various symbiotic systems were used, which included soybean plants and inoculation suspensions based on the active, virulent Tn5-mutant Bradyrhizobium japonicum B1-20 by adding nanoparticles of ferrum, germanium and molybdenum carboxylates to the culture medium in a ratio of 1: 1000. Citric acid was the chelator. A model drought lasting 14 days was created during the period of active fixation of atmospheric molecular nitrogen by root nodules of soybeans in the budding and flowering stages, by means of controlled watering of plants to 30% of the total moisture content. In the stage of bean formation, watering of plants was resumed to the optimal level – 60% of the total moisture content. The control was soybean plants, the seeds of which were inoculated with a suspension of rhizobia without the addition of chelated metals. The following research methods were used in the work – microbiological, physiological and biochemical. According to the results, it was found that when nanoparticles of carboxylates of ferrum, molybdenum and germanium were added to the inoculation suspension of rhizobia, there was an increase in superoxide dismutase activity in root nodules and a decrease in soybean leaves under optimal water supply conditions of plants. This indicates the initial changes in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme in these symbiotic systems, induced by the influence of chelated metals in combination with the rhizobia of the active Tn5-mutant B. japonicum B1-20. Prolonged drought induced an increase in the overall level of superoxide dismutase activity in soybean nodules and leaves, compared to plants grown under optimal watering conditions. The symbiotic system formed by soybeans and B. japonicum with molybdenum carboxylate nanoparticles was the most sensitive to long-term drought exposure, compared to two other soybean-rhizobial symbioses using ferrum and germanium nanocarboxylates. This was manifested in the unstable reaction of the enzyme to the action of drought – suppression or intensification of the level of its activity in the root nodules and leaves of soybeans inoculated with rhizobia containing molybdenum carboxylate nanoparticles. In symbiotic systems with the participation of germanium and ferrum nanocarboxylates, slight changes were revealed in superoxide dismutase activity in root nodules and leaves of plants during drought and restoration of enzyme activity to the level of plants with optimal watering after water stress. It is concluded that the addition to the culture medium of rhizobia Tn5-mutant B1-20 of nanocarboxylates of germanium or ferrum is an effective means of regulating the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase in soybean root nodules and leaves, which can contribute to an increase in the protective properties and adaptation of plants to the action of dehydration.
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Manna I, Sahoo S, Bandyopadhyay M. Effect of Engineered Nickel Oxide Nanoparticle on Reactive Oxygen Species-Nitric Oxide Interplay in the Roots of Allium cepa L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:586509. [PMID: 33633755 PMCID: PMC7901573 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.586509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Scientists anxiously follow instances of heavy metals augmenting in the environment and undergoing bioaccumulation and trace their biomagnification across food webs, wary of their potent toxicity on biological entities. Engineered nanoparticles supplement natural pools of respective heavy metals and can mimic their effects, exerting toxicity at higher concentrations. Thus, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanism of this precarious interaction is mandatory. Most urban and industrial environments contain considerable quantities of nickel oxide nanoparticles. These in excess can cause considerable damage to plant metabolism through a significant increase in cellular reactive oxygen species and perturbation of its cross-talk with the reactive nitrogen species. In the present work, the authors have demonstrated how the intrusion of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NP) affected the exposed roots of Allium cepa: starting with disruption of cell membranes, before being interiorized within cell organelles, effectively disrupting cellular homeostasis and survival. A major shift in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) equanimity was also observed, unleashing major altercations in several crucial biochemical profiles. Altered antioxidant contents and upregulation of stress-responsive genes, namely, Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase, and Rubisco activase, showing on average 50-250% rise across NiO-NP concentrations tested, also entailed increased cellular hydrogen peroxide contents, with tandem rise in cellular NO. Increased NO content was evinced from altered concentrations of nitric oxide synthase and nitrate reductase, along with NADPH oxidase, when compared with the negative control. Though initially showing a dose-dependent concomitant rise, a significant decrease of NO was observed at higher concentrations of NiO-NP, while cellular ROS continued to increase. Modified K/Na ratios, with increased proline concentrations and GABA contents, all hallmarks of cellular stress, correlated with ROS-NO perturbations. Detailed studies showed that NiO-NP concentration had a significant role in inducing toxicity, perturbing the fine balance of ROS-NO, which turned lethal for the cell at higher dosages of the ENP precipitating in the accumulation of stress markers and an inevitable shutdown of cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Manna
- Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Sahoo
- Department of Botany, Krishna Chandra College, Hetampur, India
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Kim IS, Choi W, Son J, Lee JH, Lee H, Lee J, Shin SC, Kim HW. Screening and Genetic Network Analysis of Genes Involved in Freezing and Thawing Resistance in DaMDHAR-Expressing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Gene Expression Profiling. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020219. [PMID: 33546197 PMCID: PMC7913288 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The cryoprotection of cell activity is a key determinant in frozen-dough technology. Although several factors that contribute to freezing tolerance have been reported, the mechanism underlying the manner in which yeast cells respond to freezing and thawing (FT) stress is not well established. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the relationship between DaMDHAR encoding monodehydroascorbate reductase from Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica and stress tolerance to repeated FT cycles (FT2) in transgenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DaMDHAR-expressing yeast (DM) cells identified by immunoblotting analysis showed high tolerance to FT stress conditions, thereby causing lower damage for yeast cells than wild-type (WT) cells with empty vector alone. To detect FT2 tolerance-associated genes, 3′-quant RNA sequencing was employed using mRNA isolated from DM and WT cells exposed to FT (FT2) conditions. Approximately 332 genes showed ≥2-fold changes in DM cells and were classified into various groups according to their gene expression. The expressions of the changed genes were further confirmed using western blot analysis and biochemical assay. The upregulated expression of 197 genes was associated with pentose phosphate pathway, NADP metabolic process, metal ion homeostasis, sulfate assimilation, β-alanine metabolism, glycerol synthesis, and integral component of mitochondrial and plasma membrane (PM) in DM cells under FT2 stress, whereas the expression of the remaining 135 genes was partially related to protein processing, selenocompound metabolism, cell cycle arrest, oxidative phosphorylation, and α-glucoside transport under the same condition. With regard to transcription factors in DM cells, MSN4 and CIN5 were activated, but MSN2 and MGA1 were not. Regarding antioxidant systems and protein kinases in DM cells under FT stress, CTT1, GTO, GEX1, and YOL024W were upregulated, whereas AIF1, COX2, and TRX3 were not. Gene activation represented by transcription factors and enzymatic antioxidants appears to be associated with FT2-stress tolerance in transgenic yeast cells. RCK1, MET14, and SIP18, but not YPK2, have been known to be involved in the protein kinase-mediated signalling pathway and glycogen synthesis. Moreover, SPI18 and HSP12 encoding hydrophilin in the PM were detected. Therefore, it was concluded that the genetic network via the change of gene expression levels of multiple genes contributing to the stabilization and functionality of the mitochondria and PM, not of a single gene, might be the crucial determinant for FT tolerance in DaMDAHR-expressing transgenic yeast. These findings provide a foundation for elucidating the DaMDHAR-dependent molecular mechanism of the complex functional resistance in the cellular response to FT stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sup Kim
- Advanced Bio-Resource Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Woong Choi
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Jonghyeon Son
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Hyoungseok Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Jungeun Lee
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
| | - Seung Chul Shin
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
| | - Han-Woo Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Korea; (W.C.); (J.S.); (J.H.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.); (S.C.S.)
- Department of Polar Science, University of Science and Technology, Incheon 21990, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Rasul F, Gupta S, Olas JJ, Gechev T, Sujeeth N, Mueller-Roeber B. Priming with a Seaweed Extract Strongly Improves Drought Tolerance in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1469. [PMID: 33540571 PMCID: PMC7867171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought represents a major threat to plants in natural ecosystems and agricultural settings. The biostimulant Super Fifty (SF), produced from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, enables ecologically friendly stress mitigation. We investigated the physiological and whole-genome transcriptome responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought stress after a treatment with SF. SF strongly decreased drought-induced damage. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which typically stifle plant growth during drought, was reduced in SF-primed plants. Relative water content remained high in SF-treated plants, whilst ion leakage, a measure of cell damage, was reduced compared to controls. Plant growth requires a functional shoot apical meristem (SAM). Expression of a stress-responsive negative growth regulator, RESPONSIVE TO DESICCATION 26 (RD26), was repressed by SF treatment at the SAM, consistent with the model that SF priming maintains the function of the SAM during drought stress. Accordingly, expression of the cell cycle marker gene HISTONE H4 (HIS4) was maintained at the SAMs of SF-primed plants, revealing active cell cycle progression after SF priming during drought. In accordance with this, CYCP2;1, which promotes meristem cell division, was repressed by drought but enhanced by SF. SF also positively affected stomatal behavior to support the tolerance to drought stress. Collectively, our data show that SF priming mitigates multiple cellular processes that otherwise impair plant growth under drought stress, thereby providing a knowledge basis for future research on crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Rasul
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- BioAtlantis Ltd., Clash Industrial Estate, V92 RWV5 Tralee, Ireland
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Justyna Jadwiga Olas
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, University of Plovdiv, 24 Tsar Assen Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl Liebknecht Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (F.R.); (S.G.); (J.J.O.)
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
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Alipour S, Bilska K, Stolarska E, Wojciechowska N, Kalemba EM. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides are associated with distinct redox control of germination in Acer seeds with contrasting physiology. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245635. [PMID: 33503034 PMCID: PMC7840005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is a complex process enabling plant reproduction. Germination was found to be regulated at the proteome, metabolome and hormonal levels as well as via discrete post-translational modification of proteins including phosphorylation and carbonylation. Redox balance is also involved but less studied. Acer seeds displaying orthodox and recalcitrant characteristics were investigated to determine the levels of redox couples of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) phosphate (NADP) and integrated with the levels of ascorbate and glutathione. NAD and NADP concentrations were higher in Norway maple seeds and exceptionally high at the germinated stage, being the most contrasting parameter between germinating Acer seeds. In contrast, NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ ratios were higher in sycamore seeds, thus exhibiting higher reducing power. Despite distinct concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione, both seed types attained in embryonic axes and cotyledons had similar ratios of reduced/oxidized forms of ascorbate and half-cell reduction potential of glutathione at the germinated stage. Both species accomplished germination displaying different strategies to modulate redox status. Sycamore produced higher amounts of ascorbate and maintained pyridine nucleotides in reduced forms. Interestingly, lower NAD(P) concentrations limited the regeneration of ascorbate and glutathione but dynamically drove metabolic reactions, particularly in this species, and contributed to faster germination. We suggest that NAD(P) is an important player in regulating redox status during germination in a distinct manner in Norway maple and sycamore seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Alipour
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| | | | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
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342
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Fatma M, Iqbal N, Gautam H, Sehar Z, Sofo A, D’Ippolito I, Khan NA. Ethylene and Sulfur Coordinately Modulate the Antioxidant System and ABA Accumulation in Mustard Plants under Salt Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10010180. [PMID: 33478097 PMCID: PMC7835815 DOI: 10.3390/plants10010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the interactive effect of ethephon (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid; an ethylene source) and sulfur (S) in regulating the antioxidant system and ABA content and in maintaining stomatal responses, chloroplast structure, and photosynthetic performance of mustard plants (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) grown under 100 mM NaCl stress. The treatment of ethephon (200 µL L−1) and S (200 mg S kg−1 soil) together markedly improved the activity of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, resulting in declined oxidative stress through lesser content of sodium (Na+) ion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in salt-stressed plants. These changes promoted the development of chloroplast thylakoids and photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Ethephon + S also reduced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in guard cell, leading to maximal stomatal conductance under salt stress. The inhibition of ethylene action by norbornadiene (NBD) in salt- plus non-stressed treated plants increased ABA and H2O2 contents, and reduced stomatal opening, suggesting the involvement of ethephon and S in regulating stomatal conductance. These findings suggest that ethephon and S modulate antioxidant system and ABA accumulation in guard cells, controlling stomatal conductance, and the structure and efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (H.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Harsha Gautam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (H.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zebus Sehar
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (H.G.); (Z.S.)
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.A.K.)
| | - Ilaria D’Ippolito
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Via Lanera, 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (M.F.); (H.G.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (N.A.K.)
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343
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Dolui D, Saha I, Adak MK. 2, 4-D removal efficiency of Salvinia natans L. and its tolerance to oxidative stresses through glutathione metabolism under induction of light and darkness. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111708. [PMID: 33396039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In a laboratory based study, Salvinia natans L. was pre-treated with reduced glutathione (GSH) following transfer under 2, 4-Dicholro phenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), peroxide (H2O2), dark and irradiation. Plants recorded 2, 4-D bio-accumulation and tolerance maximally under 500 µM following absorption kinetics modulated with GSH in changes of relative water content (20.98%), growth rate (3.04%) and net assimilation rate (1.3 fold) over control. GSH pre-treatment minimized the oxidative revelation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) by 5.55% decrease under 2, 4-D and 1.3, 1.2, 0.8 fold increase through the other stresses. Apoplastic NADPH-oxidase expression was moderated by GSH with 11.76% less over the control. Also the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and glutathione-S-transferase had their altered values by 1.5 and 9.0 fold increases respectively and may serve as biomarkers. The oxidized:reduced glutathione was positively correlated with glutathione-peroxidase (r=+0.99) and negatively with glutathione reductase (r=-0.04). The induced activities sustained oxidized:reduced GSH pool by 1.09 fold and had varied polymorphic gene expression under 2, 4-D and allied stresses. This study may be relevant to consider Salvinia as a potent weed species remediating 2, 4-D toxicity in soil with its wider hyper-accumulating efficiency. The cellular responses in tolerance to oxidative stress and thereby, induced physiological attributes may opt for selection pressures in other weed flora for broader aspects of phytoremediation against xenobiotics like 2, 4-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Dolui
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Indraneel Saha
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Iqbal N, Umar S, Khan NA, Corpas FJ. Nitric Oxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Coordinately Reduce Glucose Sensitivity and Decrease Oxidative Stress via Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in Heat-Stressed Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010108. [PMID: 33466569 PMCID: PMC7828694 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in countermanding heat-inhibited photosynthetic features were studied in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Heat stress (HS) was employed at 40 °C after establishment for 6 h daily, and then plants were allowed to recover at 25 °C and grown for 30 days. Glucose (Glc) content increased under HS and repressed plant photosynthetic ability, but the application of sodium nitroprusside (SNP, as NO donor) either alone or with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, as H2S donor) reduced Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppression by enhancing ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) metabolism and antioxidant system, which reduced oxidative stress with decreased H2O2 and TBARS content. Oxidative stress reduction or inhibiting Glc repression was maximum with combined SNP and NaHS treatment, which was substantiated by 2-4-carboxyphenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO) and hypotaurine (HT), scavengers for NO and H2S, respectively. The scavenge of H2S reduced NO-mediated alleviation of HS suggesting of its downstream action in NO-mediated heat-tolerance. However, a simultaneous decrease of both (NO and H2S) led to higher Glc-mediated repression of photosynthesis and oxidative stress in terms of increased H2O2 content that was comparable to HS plants. Thus, NO and H2S cooperate to enhance photosynthesis under HS by reducing H2O2-induced oxidative stress and excess Glc-mediated photosynthetic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (F.J.C.)
| | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Botany, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, 18080 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.I.); (F.J.C.)
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Siddiqui MN, Mostofa MG, Rahman MM, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Das AK, Mohi-Ud-Din M, Rohman MM, Hafiz HR, Ansary MMU, Tran LSP. Glutathione improves rice tolerance to submergence: insights into its physiological and biochemical mechanisms. J Biotechnol 2021; 325:109-118. [PMID: 33188807 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Complete submergence (Sub) imposes detrimental effects on growth and survival of crop plants, including rice. Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of reduced glutathione (GSH) in mitigating Sub-induced adverse effects in two high-yielding rice cultivars BRRI dhan29 and dhan52. Both cultivars experienced growth defects, severe yellowing, necrosis and chlorosis, when they were completely immersed in water for 14 days. The poor growth performance of these cultivars was linked to biomass reduction, decreased levels of photosynthetic pigments and proline, increased levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, and declined activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. Pretreatment with exogenous GSH led to significant growth restoration in both cultivars exposed to Sub. The elevated Sub-tolerance promoted by GSH could partly be attributed to increased levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, soluble proteins and proline. Exogenous GSH also mitigated Sub-induced oxidative damage, as evidenced from reduced levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde in accordance with the increased activities of antioxidant enzymes. Results revealed that dhan52 was more tolerant to Sub-stress than dhan29, and GSH successfully rescued both cultivars from the damage of Sub-stress. Collectively, our findings provided an insight into the GSH-mediated active recovery of rice from Sub-stress, thereby suggesting that external supply of GSH may be an effective strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of Sub in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Motiar Rohman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Hafizur Rahman Hafiz
- Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mesbah Uddin Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan.
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346
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Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang B, Zheng F, Zhao B, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:598173. [PMID: 33912200 PMCID: PMC8072462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.598173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fuyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Beiping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Yujie Wang,
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijin Zhang,
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347
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Fesenko I, Spechenkova N, Mamaeva A, Makhotenko AV, Love AJ, Kalinina NO, Taliansky M. Role of the methionine cycle in the temperature-sensitive responses of potato plants to potato virus Y. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021; 22:77-91. [PMID: 33146443 PMCID: PMC7749756 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant-virus interactions are greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperatures. In virus-infected plants, enhanced temperature is frequently associated with more severe symptoms and higher virus content. However, the mechanisms involved in such regulatory effects remain largely uncharacterized. To provide more insight into the mechanisms whereby temperature regulates plant-virus interactions, we analysed changes in the proteome of potato cv. Chicago plants infected with potato virus Y (PVY) at normal (22 °C) and elevated temperature (28 °C), which is known to significantly increase plant susceptibility to the virus. One of the most intriguing findings is that the main enzymes of the methionine cycle (MTC) were down-regulated at the higher but not at normal temperatures. With good agreement, we found that higher temperature conditions triggered consistent and concerted changes in the level of MTC metabolites, suggesting that the enhanced susceptibility of potato plants to PVY at 28 °C may at least be partially orchestrated by the down-regulation of MTC enzymes and concomitant cycle perturbation. In line with this, foliar treatment of these plants with methionine restored accumulation of MTC metabolites and subverted the susceptibility to PVY at elevated temperature. These data are discussed in the context of the major function of the MTC in transmethylation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Fesenko
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Nadezhda Spechenkova
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Anna Mamaeva
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Antonida V. Makhotenko
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Natalia O. Kalinina
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- Belozersky Institute of Physico‐chemical BiologyLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Michael Taliansky
- Shemyakin‐Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussian Federation
- The James Hutton InstituteInvergowrie, DundeeUK
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348
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Hassan MJ, Geng W, Zeng W, Raza MA, Khan I, Iqbal MZ, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Li Z. Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Priming Ameliorates Seed Germination via Involvement in Hormonal Changes, Osmotic Adjustment, and Dehydrins Accumulation in White Clover Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709187. [PMID: 34394164 PMCID: PMC8358406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious outcome of climate change reducing the productivity of forage species under arid and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel plant growth regulator, has proven to be involved in the amelioration of critical physiological functions in many agricultural crops under various abiotic stresses, but the role of the DA-6 in improving seed germination has never been investigated under drought stress. The present study was carried out to elucidate the impact of the DA-6 priming on seeds germination of white clover under drought stress. Results showed that seed priming with the DA-6 significantly mitigated the drought-induced reduction in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight after 7 days of seed germination. The DA-6 significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin content with marked reduction in abscisic acid content in seedlings under drought stress. In addition, the DA-6 significantly accelerated starch catabolism by enhancing the activities of hydrolases contributing toward enhanced soluble sugars, proline content and ameliorated the antioxidant defense system to enhance the ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 application significantly increased dehydrins accumulation and upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding dehydrins (SK2, Y2SK, or DHNb) during seeds germination under water deficient condition. These findings suggested that the DA-6 mediated seeds germination and drought tolerance associated with changes in endogenous phytohormones resulting in increased starch degradation, osmotic adjustment, antioxidants activity, and dehydrins accumulation during seed germination under water deficient condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan Geng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihang Zeng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqun Zhu
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqun Zhu,
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Zhou Li,
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349
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Postharvest Vegetables and Fruits. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2021; 2020:8817778. [PMID: 33381540 PMCID: PMC7749770 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8817778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reducing oxidative species to non- or less-reactive matter is the principal function of an antioxidant. Plant-based food is the main external source of antioxidants that helps protect our cells from oxidative damage. During postharvest storage and distribution, fruits and vegetables often increase ROS production that is quenched by depleting their antioxidant pools to protect their cells, which may leave none for humans. ROS are molecules produced from oxygen metabolism; some of the most widely analyzed ROS in plants are singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. ROS concentration and lifetime are determined by the availability and composition of the antioxidant system that includes enzymatic components such as SOD, CAT, and APX and nonenzymatic components such as vitamins, polyphenols, and carotenoid. Depending on its concentration in the cell, ROS can either be harmful or beneficial. At high concentrations, ROS can damage various kinds of biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, DNA, and RNA, whereas at low or moderate concentrations, ROS can act as second messengers in the intracellular signaling cascade that mediates various plant responses. Novel postharvest methods are sought to maintain fruit and vegetable quality, including minimizing ROS while preserving their antioxidant content.
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350
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Shah AA, Yasin NA, Akram K, Ahmad A, Khan WU, Akram W, Akbar M. Ameliorative role of Bacillus subtilis FBL-10 and silicon against lead induced stress in Solanum melongena. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:486-496. [PMID: 33298367 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The continuous deterioration of arable lands by metal pollution compels finding suitable strategies to increase plant tolerance under contaminated regimes. Current study was designed to examine the synergistic role of Bacillus subtilis FBL-10 and silicon (Si) with respect to mitigation of lead (Pb) induced phytotoxicity in Solanum melongena L. Lead stress (75 mg kg-1) reduced chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic rate and gas exchange characteristics of S. melongena plants. The Si and B. subtilis FBL-10 individually upgraded all the above-mentioned growth attributes. However, co-application of Si (50 mg kg-1) and B. subtilis FBL-10 significantly improved biochemical and growth attributes of Pb challenged plants. The abridged levels of oxidative markers including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) besides reduced Pb accumulation in foliage tissues, were recorded in Si and microbe assisted plants. Furthermore, plants inoculated with B. subtilis FBL-10 alone or in combination with Si showed increment in total soluble proteins, photosynthetic rate and gas exchange attributes. The inoculated plants treated with Si exhibited higher level of auxins and improved activity of antioxidant enzymes under Pb stress. Present research elucidates interactive role of B. subtilis FBL-10 and Si in reduction of Pb toxicity in S. melongena plants. Alone application of Si or B. subtilis FBL-10 was less effective for attenuation of Pb stress; however, synergism between both phyto-protectants demonstrated fabulous ability for Pb stress assuagement. Consequently, executions of field studies become indispensable to comprehend the efficacy of Si applied alone or in combination with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) like B. subtilis FBL-10. From current research, it is concluded that the interaction of Si and PGPB seems an auspicious technique and eco-friendly approach to enhance metal tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; SSG, RO-II Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Kanwal Akram
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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