351
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Nakanishi Y, Sato T, Takahashi K, Ohteki T. IFN-γ-dependent epigenetic regulation instructs colitogenic monocyte/macrophage lineage differentiation in vivo. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:871-880. [PMID: 29364866 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Colonic macrophages induce pathogenic inflammation against commensal bacteria, leading to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although the ontogeny of colonic macrophages has been well studied in the past decade, how macrophages gain colitogenic properties during the development of colitis is unknown. Using a chemically induced colitis model, we showed that accumulated Ly6C+ cells consisting of inflammatory monocytes and inflammatory macrophages strongly expressed representative colitogenic mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The interferon-γ-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (IFN-γ-Stat1) pathway was required for generating colitogenic macrophages, given that Stat1-/- mice had less severe colitis and fewer colitogenic macrophages. Notably, IFN-γ induced histone acetylation at the promoter regions of the Tnf and Nos2 loci in the monocyte and macrophage lineage, indicating that IFN-γ-dependent epigenetic regulation instructs the development of the colitogenic monocyte and macrophage lineage in vivo. Collectively, our results provide the essential mechanism by which dysregulated colitogenic monocytes/macrophages develop at the colon mucosa during inflammation, and suggest a new drug target for treating IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakanishi
- Department of Biodefense Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,IBD project, Laboratory for Integrated Research Projects on Intractable Diseases, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Department of Biodefense Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Saitama, Japan
| | - K Takahashi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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352
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Kwon B. IFN-γ in tissue-immune homeostasis and antitumor immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:531-532. [PMID: 28967878 PMCID: PMC6068152 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byungsuk Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, 44610, Ulsan, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Center, Ulsan University Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 44033, Ulsan, Korea.
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353
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Lung Interstitial Macrophages: Past, Present, and Future. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:5160794. [PMID: 29854841 PMCID: PMC5952507 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5160794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, investigations about the lung myeloid compartment have been mainly limited to the macrophages located within the airways, that is, the well-known alveolar macrophages specialized in recycling of surfactant molecules and removal of debris. However, a growing number of reports have highlighted the complexity of the lung myeloid compartment, which also encompass different subsets of dendritic cells, tissue monocytes, and nonalveolar macrophages, called interstitial macrophages (IM). Recent evidence supports that, in mice, IM perform important immune functions, including the maintenance of lung homeostasis and prevention of immune-mediated allergic airway inflammation. In this article, we describe lung IM from a historical perspective and we review current knowledge on their characteristics, ontogeny, and functions, mostly in rodents. Finally, we emphasize some important future challenges for the field.
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354
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355
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Metabolic Reprogramming and Redox Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:241-260. [PMID: 29047090 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is a complex disease of the pulmonary vasculature, which in severe cases terminates in right heart failure. Complex remodeling of pulmonary arteries comprises the central issue of its pathology. This includes extensive proliferation, apoptotic resistance and inflammation. As such, the molecular and cellular features of pulmonary hypertension resemble hallmark characteristics of cancer cell behavior. The vascular remodeling derives from significant metabolic changes in resident cells, which we describe in detail. It affects not only cells of pulmonary artery wall, but also its immediate microenvironment involving cells of immune system (i.e., macrophages). Thus aberrant metabolism constitutes principle component of the cancer-like theory of pulmonary hypertension. The metabolic changes in pulmonary artery cells resemble the cancer associated Warburg effect, involving incomplete glucose oxidation through aerobic glycolysis with depressed mitochondrial catabolism enabling the fueling of anabolic reactions with amino acids, nucleotides and lipids to sustain proliferation. Macrophages also undergo overlapping but distinct metabolic reprogramming inducing specific activation or polarization states that enable their participation in the vascular remodeling process. Such metabolic synergy drives chronic inflammation further contributing to remodeling. Enhanced glycolytic flux together with suppressed mitochondrial bioenergetics promotes the accumulation of reducing equivalents, NAD(P)H. We discuss the enzymes and reactions involved. The reducing equivalents modulate the regulation of proteins using NAD(P)H as the transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal binding protein 1 cofactor and significantly impact redox status (through GSH, NAD(P)H oxidases, etc.), which together act to control the phenotype of the cells of pulmonary arteries. The altered mitochondrial metabolism changes its redox poise, which together with enhanced NAD(P)H oxidase activity and reduced enzymatic antioxidant activity promotes a pro-oxidative cellular status. Herein we discuss all described metabolic changes along with resultant alterations in redox status, which result in excessive proliferation, apoptotic resistance, and inflammation, further leading to pulmonary arterial wall remodeling and thus establishing pulmonary artery hypertension pathology.
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356
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Lin J, Zhou W, Han S, Bunpetch V, Zhao K, Liu C, Yin Z, Ouyang H. Cell-material interactions in tendon tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 70:1-11. [PMID: 29355716 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between cells and materials is a fundamental topic in biomaterial-based tissue regeneration. One of the principles for biomaterial development in tendon regeneration is to stimulate tenogenic differentiation of stem cells. To this end, efforts have been made to optimize the physicochemical and bio-mechanical properties of biomaterials for tendon tissue engineering. However, recent progress indicated that innate immune cells, especially macrophages, can also respond to the material cues and undergo phenotypical changes, which will either facilitate or hinder tissue regeneration. This process has been, to some extent, neglected by traditional strategies and may partially explain the unsatisfactory outcomes of previous studies; thus, more researchers have turned their focus on developing and designing immunoregenerative biomaterials to enhance tendon regeneration. In this review, we will first summarize the effects of material cues on tenogenic differentiation and paracrine secretion of stem cells. A brief introduction will also be made on how material cues can be manipulated for the regeneration of tendon-to-bone interface. Then, we will discuss the characteristics and influences of macrophages on the repair process of tendon healing and how they respond to different materials cues. These principles may benefit the development of novel biomaterials provided with combinative bioactive cues to activate tenogenic differentiation of stem cells and pro-resolving macrophage phenotype. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The progress achieved with the rapid development of biomaterial-based strategies for tendon regeneration has not yielded broad benefits to clinical patients. In addition to the interplay between stem cells and biomaterials, the innate immune response to biomaterials also plays a determinant role in tissue regeneration. Here, we propose that fine-tuning of stem cell behaviors and alternative activation of macrophages through material cues may lead to effective tendon/ligament regeneration. We first review the characteristics of key material cues that have been manipulated to promote tenogenic differentiation and paracrine secretion of stem cells in tendon regeneration. Then, we discuss the potentiality of corresponding material cues in activating macrophages toward a pro-resolving phenotype to promote tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Lin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Shan Han
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Varitsara Bunpetch
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Chaozhong Liu
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Zi Yin
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Hongwei Ouyang
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China; China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), China; State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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357
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Adler M, Mayo A, Zhou X, Franklin RA, Jacox JB, Medzhitov R, Alon U. Endocytosis as a stabilizing mechanism for tissue homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1926-E1935. [PMID: 29429964 PMCID: PMC5828590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1714377115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells in tissues communicate by secreted growth factors (GF) and other signals. An important function of cell circuits is tissue homeostasis: maintaining proper balance between the amounts of different cell types. Homeostasis requires negative feedback on the GFs, to avoid a runaway situation in which cells stimulate each other and grow without control. Feedback can be obtained in at least two ways: endocytosis in which a cell removes its cognate GF by internalization and cross-inhibition in which a GF down-regulates the production of another GF. Here we ask whether there are design principles for cell circuits to achieve tissue homeostasis. We develop an analytically solvable framework for circuits with multiple cell types and find that feedback by endocytosis is far more robust to parameter variation and has faster responses than cross-inhibition. Endocytosis, which is found ubiquitously across tissues, can even provide homeostasis to three and four communicating cell types. These design principles form a conceptual basis for how tissues maintain a healthy balance of cell types and how balance may be disrupted in diseases such as degeneration and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miri Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avi Mayo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Xu Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Ruth A Franklin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Jeremy B Jacox
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510;
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel;
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358
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Hawley CA, Rojo R, Raper A, Sauter KA, Lisowski ZM, Grabert K, Bain CC, Davis GM, Louwe PA, Ostrowski MC, Hume DA, Pridans C, Jenkins SJ. Csf1r-mApple Transgene Expression and Ligand Binding In Vivo Reveal Dynamics of CSF1R Expression within the Mononuclear Phagocyte System. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2209-2223. [PMID: 29440354 PMCID: PMC5834790 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CSF1 is the primary growth factor controlling macrophage numbers, but whether expression of the CSF1 receptor differs between discrete populations of mononuclear phagocytes remains unclear. We have generated a Csf1r-mApple transgenic fluorescent reporter mouse that, in combination with lineage tracing, Alexa Fluor 647–labeled CSF1-Fc and CSF1, and a modified ΔCsf1–enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) transgene that lacks a 150 bp segment of the distal promoter, we have used to dissect the differentiation and CSF1 responsiveness of mononuclear phagocyte populations in situ. Consistent with previous Csf1r-driven reporter lines, Csf1r-mApple was expressed in blood monocytes and at higher levels in tissue macrophages, and was readily detectable in whole mounts or with multiphoton microscopy. In the liver and peritoneal cavity, uptake of labeled CSF1 largely reflected transgene expression, with greater receptor activity in mature macrophages than monocytes and tissue-specific expression in conventional dendritic cells. However, CSF1 uptake also differed between subsets of monocytes and discrete populations of tissue macrophages, which in macrophages correlated with their level of dependence on CSF1 receptor signaling for survival rather than degree of transgene expression. A double ΔCsf1r-ECFP-Csf1r-mApple transgenic mouse distinguished subpopulations of microglia in the brain, and permitted imaging of interstitial macrophages distinct from alveolar macrophages, and pulmonary monocytes and conventional dendritic cells. The Csf1r-mApple mice and fluorescently labeled CSF1 will be valuable resources for the study of macrophage and CSF1 biology, which are compatible with existing EGFP-based reporter lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Hawley
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rocio Rojo
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Raper
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin A Sauter
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Zofia M Lisowski
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Grabert
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Calum C Bain
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma M Davis
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Pieter A Louwe
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - David A Hume
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom.,Mater Research-University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4104, Australia
| | - Clare Pridans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.,The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom;
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359
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Zhou X, Franklin RA, Adler M, Jacox JB, Bailis W, Shyer JA, Flavell RA, Mayo A, Alon U, Medzhitov R. Circuit Design Features of a Stable Two-Cell System. Cell 2018; 172:744-757.e17. [PMID: 29398113 PMCID: PMC7377352 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell communication within tissues is mediated by multiple paracrine signals including growth factors, which control cell survival and proliferation. Cells and the growth factors they produce and receive constitute a circuit with specific properties that ensure homeostasis. Here, we used computational and experimental approaches to characterize the features of cell circuits based on growth factor exchange between macrophages and fibroblasts, two cell types found in most mammalian tissues. We found that the macrophage-fibroblast cell circuit is stable and robust to perturbations. Analytical screening of all possible two-cell circuit topologies revealed the circuit features sufficient for stability, including environmental constraint and negative-feedback regulation. Moreover, we found that cell-cell contact is essential for the stability of the macrophage-fibroblast circuit. These findings illustrate principles of cell circuit design and provide a quantitative perspective on cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ruth A Franklin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Miri Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jeremy B Jacox
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Will Bailis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Justin A Shyer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Avi Mayo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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360
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Bujko A, Atlasy N, Landsverk OJB, Richter L, Yaqub S, Horneland R, Øyen O, Aandahl EM, Aabakken L, Stunnenberg HG, Bækkevold ES, Jahnsen FL. Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets. J Exp Med 2018; 215:441-458. [PMID: 29273642 PMCID: PMC5789404 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mfs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis in the intestine, yet studies on the origin and heterogeneity of human intestinal Mfs are scarce. Here, we identified four distinct Mf subpopulations in human small intestine (SI). Assessment of their turnover in duodenal transplants revealed that all Mf subsets were completely replaced over time; Mf1 and Mf2, phenotypically similar to peripheral blood monocytes (PBMos), were largely replaced within 3 wk, whereas two subsets with features of mature Mfs, Mf3 and Mf4, exhibited significantly slower replacement. Mf3 and Mf4 localized differently in SI; Mf3 formed a dense network in mucosal lamina propria, whereas Mf4 was enriched in submucosa. Transcriptional analysis showed that all Mf subsets were markedly distinct from PBMos and dendritic cells. Compared with PBMos, Mf subpopulations showed reduced responsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli but were proficient at endocytosis of particulate and soluble material. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of human SI Mf population and suggest a precursor-progeny relationship with PBMos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bujko
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nader Atlasy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ole J B Landsverk
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Richter
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Horneland
- Department for Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Øyen
- Department for Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Martin Aandahl
- Department for Transplantation Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Aabakken
- Department for Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hendrik G Stunnenberg
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculties of Science and Medicine, Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Espen S Bækkevold
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frode L Jahnsen
- Centre for Immune Regulation, Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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361
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Abstract
The transcriptional signature of Kupffer cells & Alveolar macrophages are enriched for lipid metabolism genes. Lipid metabolism may control macrophage phenotype. Dysregulated lipid metabolism in macrophages contributes to disease pathology.
Distinct macrophage populations throughout the body display highly heterogeneous transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Recent research has highlighted that these profiles enable the different macrophage populations to perform distinct functions as required in their tissue of residence, in addition to the prototypical macrophage functions such as in innate immunity. These ‘extra’ tissue-specific functions have been termed accessory functions. One such putative accessory function is lipid metabolism, with macrophages in the lung and liver in particular being associated with this function. As it is now appreciated that cell metabolism not only provides energy but also greatly influences the phenotype and function of the cell, here we review how lipid metabolism affects macrophage phenotype and function and the specific roles played by macrophages in the pathogenesis of lipid-related diseases. In addition, we highlight the current questions limiting our understanding of the role of macrophages in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Remmerie
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialization, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Technologiepark 927, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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362
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Hyaluronan interactions with innate immunity in lung biology. Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:84-99. [PMID: 29410190 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innate immune responses in the lung play a central role in the pathogenesis of lung disease and the maintenance of lung health, and thus it is crucial to understand factors that regulate them. Hyaluronan is ubiquitous in the lung, and its expression is increased following lung injury and in disease states. Furthermore, hyaladherins like inter-α-inhibitor, tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene 6, pentraxin 3 and versican are also induced and help form a dynamic hyaluronan matrix in injured lung. This review synthesizes present knowledge about the interactions of hyaluronan and its associated hyaladherins with the lung immune system, and the implications of these interactions for lung biology and disease.
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363
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D'Alessandro A, El Kasmi KC, Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P, Li M, Zhang H, Gupte SA, Stenmark KR. Hallmarks of Pulmonary Hypertension: Mesenchymal and Inflammatory Cell Metabolic Reprogramming. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28. [PMID: 28637353 PMCID: PMC5737722 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The molecular events that promote the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) are complex and incompletely understood. The complex interplay between the pulmonary vasculature and its immediate microenvironment involving cells of immune system (i.e., macrophages) promotes a persistent inflammatory state, pathological angiogenesis, and fibrosis that are driven by metabolic reprogramming of mesenchymal and immune cells. Recent Advancements: Consistent with previous findings in the field of cancer metabolism, increased glycolytic rates, incomplete glucose and glutamine oxidation to support anabolism and anaplerosis, altered lipid synthesis/oxidation ratios, increased one-carbon metabolism, and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway to support nucleoside synthesis are but some of the key metabolic signatures of vascular cells in PH. In addition, metabolic reprogramming of macrophages is observed in PH and is characterized by distinct features, such as the induction of specific activation or polarization states that enable their participation in the vascular remodeling process. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulation of reducing equivalents, such as NAD(P)H in PH cells, also contributes to their altered phenotype both directly and indirectly by regulating the activity of the transcriptional co-repressor C-terminal-binding protein 1 to control the proliferative/inflammatory gene expression in resident and immune cells. Further, similar to the role of anomalous metabolism in mitochondria in cancer, in PH short-term hypoxia-dependent and long-term hypoxia-independent alterations of mitochondrial activity, in the absence of genetic mutation of key mitochondrial enzymes, have been observed and explored as potential therapeutic targets. FUTURE DIRECTIONS For the foreseeable future, short- and long-term metabolic reprogramming will become a candidate druggable target in the treatment of PH. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 230-250.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Karim C El Kasmi
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado.,3 Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- 4 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- 4 Department of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology , Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Min Li
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Hui Zhang
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
| | - Sachin A Gupte
- 5 Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College , Valhalla, New York
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- 2 Developmental Lung Biology and Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, University of Colorado - Denver , Colorado
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364
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Regulatory Myeloid Cells for Tolerance-inducing Therapy: Finding Their Own Identity. Transplantation 2018; 100:2022-3. [PMID: 27379558 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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365
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De Nardo D, Kalvakolanu DV, Latz E. Immortalization of Murine Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1784:35-49. [PMID: 29761386 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7837-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized phagocytes that display a variety of important functions for the host immune system. They are particularly important for the recognition of exogenous and endogenous danger signals, forming the defensive front line as part of innate immune response. As such, murine macrophages are commonly used for in vitro cell-based assays examining the mechanisms of innate immune activation, which can require the ongoing breeding and housing of a large number of genetically modified mouse strains. Here, we describe a robust protocol for the generation of immortalized bone marrow-derived macrophages (iBMDMs) from primary murine bone marrow cells. We further provide general protocols for harvesting, freezing, and thawing of bone marrow cells, maintaining iBMDMs in culture and generation of monoclonal iBMDM populations by single-cell cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic De Nardo
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Dhan V Kalvakolanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Greenebaum NCI-Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
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366
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Weitz JR, Makhmutova M, Almaça J, Stertmann J, Aamodt K, Brissova M, Speier S, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Caicedo A. Mouse pancreatic islet macrophages use locally released ATP to monitor beta cell activity. Diabetologia 2018; 61:182-192. [PMID: 28884198 PMCID: PMC5868749 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Tissue-resident macrophages sense the microenvironment and respond by producing signals that act locally to maintain a stable tissue state. It is now known that pancreatic islets contain their own unique resident macrophages, which have been shown to promote proliferation of the insulin-secreting beta cell. However, it is unclear how beta cells communicate with islet-resident macrophages. Here we hypothesised that islet macrophages sense changes in islet activity by detecting signals derived from beta cells. METHODS To investigate how islet-resident macrophages respond to cues from the microenvironment, we generated mice expressing a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator in myeloid cells. We produced living pancreatic slices from these mice and used them to monitor macrophage responses to stimulation of acinar, neural and endocrine cells. RESULTS Islet-resident macrophages expressed functional purinergic receptors, making them exquisite sensors of interstitial ATP levels. Indeed, islet-resident macrophages responded selectively to ATP released locally from beta cells that were physiologically activated with high levels of glucose. Because ATP is co-released with insulin and is exclusively secreted by beta cells, the activation of purinergic receptors on resident macrophages facilitates their awareness of beta cell secretory activity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that islet macrophages detect ATP as a proxy signal for the activation state of beta cells. Sensing beta cell activity may allow macrophages to adjust the secretion of factors to promote a stable islet composition and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Weitz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Madina Makhmutova
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joana Almaça
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Julia Stertmann
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristie Aamodt
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephan Speier
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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367
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Shiratori T, Kyumoto-Nakamura Y, Kukita A, Uehara N, Zhang J, Koda K, Kamiya M, Badawy T, Tomoda E, Xu X, Yamaza T, Urano Y, Koyano K, Kukita T. IL-1β Induces Pathologically Activated Osteoclasts Bearing Extremely High Levels of Resorbing Activity: A Possible Pathological Subpopulation of Osteoclasts, Accompanied by Suppressed Expression of Kindlin-3 and Talin-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:218-228. [PMID: 29141864 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As osteoclasts have the central roles in normal bone remodeling, it is ideal to regulate only the osteoclasts performing pathological bone destruction without affecting normal osteoclasts. Based on a hypothesis that pathological osteoclasts form under the pathological microenvironment of the bone tissues, we here set up optimum culture conditions to examine the entity of pathologically activated osteoclasts (PAOCs). Through searching various inflammatory cytokines and their combinations, we found the highest resorbing activity of osteoclasts when osteoclasts were formed in the presence of M-CSF, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, and IL-1β. We have postulated that these osteoclasts are PAOCs. Analysis using confocal laser microscopy revealed that PAOCs showed extremely high proton secretion detected by the acid-sensitive fluorescence probe Rh-PM and bone resorption activity compared with normal osteoclasts. PAOCs showed unique morphology bearing high thickness and high motility with motile cellular processes in comparison with normal osteoclasts. We further examined the expression of Kindlin-3 and Talin-1, essential molecules for activating integrin β-chains. Although normal osteoclasts express high levels of Kindlin-3 and Talin-1, expression of these molecules was markedly suppressed in PAOCs, suggesting the abnormality in the adhesion property. When whole membrane surface of mature osteoclasts was biotinylated and analyzed, the IL-1β-induced cell surface protein was detected. PAOCs could form a subpopulation of osteoclasts possibly different from normal osteoclasts. PAOC-specific molecules could be an ideal target for regulating pathological bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shiratori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Implant Rehabilitation Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukari Kyumoto-Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Norihisa Uehara
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kinuko Koda
- Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tamer Badawy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Erika Tomoda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Need Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Department of Implant Rehabilitation Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
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368
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Serbulea V, Upchurch CM, Ahern KW, Bories G, Voigt P, DeWeese DE, Meher AK, Harris TE, Leitinger N. Macrophages sensing oxidized DAMPs reprogram their metabolism to support redox homeostasis and inflammation through a TLR2-Syk-ceramide dependent mechanism. Mol Metab 2018; 7:23-34. [PMID: 29153923 PMCID: PMC5784323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Macrophages control tissue homeostasis and inflammation by sensing and responding to environmental cues. However, the metabolic adaptation of macrophages to oxidative tissue damage and its translation into inflammatory mechanisms remains enigmatic. METHODS Here we identify the critical regulatory pathways that are induced by endogenous oxidation-derived DAMPs (oxidized phospholipids, OxPL) in vitro, leading to formation of a unique redox-regulatory metabolic phenotype (Mox), which is strikingly different from conventional classical or alternative macrophage activation. RESULTS Unexpectedly, metabolomic analyses demonstrated that Mox heavily rely on glucose metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to support GSH production and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant gene expression. While the metabolic adaptation of macrophages to OxPL involved transient suppression of aerobic glycolysis, it also led to upregulation of inflammatory gene expression. In contrast to classically activated (M1) macrophages, Hif1α mediated expression of OxPL-induced Glut1 and VEGF but was dispensable for Il1β expression. Mechanistically, we show that OxPL suppress mitochondrial respiration via TLR2-dependent ceramide production, redirecting TCA metabolites to GSH synthesis. Finally, we identify spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) as a critical downstream signaling mediator that translates OxPL-induced effects into ceramide production and inflammatory gene regulation. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data demonstrate the metabolic and bioenergetic requirements that enable macrophages to translate tissue oxidation status into either antioxidant or inflammatory responses via sensing OxPL. Targeting dysregulated redox homeostasis in macrophages could therefore lead to novel therapies to treat chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Serbulea
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Clint M Upchurch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Katelyn W Ahern
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Gael Bories
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Paxton Voigt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Dory E DeWeese
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Akshaya K Meher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
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369
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Jodeleit H, Palamides P, Beigel F, Mueller T, Wolf E, Siebeck M, Gropp R. Design and validation of a disease network of inflammatory processes in the NSG-UC mouse model. J Transl Med 2017; 15:265. [PMID: 29282132 PMCID: PMC5745765 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a highly progressive inflammatory disease that requires the interaction of epithelial, immune, endothelial and muscle cells and fibroblasts. Previous studies suggested two inflammatory conditions in UC-patients: ‘acute’ and ‘remodeling’ and that the design of a disease network might improve the understanding of the inflammatory processes. The objective of the study was to design and validate a disease network in the NOD-SCID IL2rγnull (NSG)-UC mouse model to get a better understanding of the inflammatory processes. Methods Leukocytes were isolated from the spleen of NSG-UC mice and subjected to flow cytometric analysis. RT-PCR and RNAseq analysis were performed from distal parts of the colon. Based on these analyses and the effects of interleukins, chemokines and growth factors described in the literature, a disease network was designed. To validate the disease network the effect of infliximab and pitrakinra was tested in the NSG-UC model. A clinical- and histological score, frequencies of human leukocytes isolated from spleen and mRNA expression levels from distal parts of the colon were determined. Results Analysis of leukocytes isolated from the spleen of challenged NSG-UC mice corroborated CD64, CD163 and CD1a expressing CD14+ monocytes, CD1a expressing CD11b+ macrophages and HGF, TARC, IFNγ and TGFß1 mRNA as inflammatory markers. The disease network suggested that a proinflammatory condition elicited by IL-17c and lipids and relayed by cytotoxic T-cells, Th17 cells and CD1a expressing macrophages and monocytes. Conversely, the remodeling condition was evoked by IL-34 and TARC and promoted by Th2 cells and M2 monocytes. Mice benefitted from treatment with infliximab as indicated by the histological- and clinical score. As predicted by the disease network infliximab reduced the proinflammatory response by suppressing M1 monocytes and CD1a expressing monocytes and macrophages and decreased levels of IFNγ, TARC and HGF mRNA. As predicted by the disease network inflammation aggravated in the presence of pitrakinra as indicated by the clinical and histological score, elevated frequencies of CD1a expressing macrophages and TNFα and IFNγ mRNA levels. Conclusions The combination of the disease network and the NSG-UC animal model might be developed into a powerful tool to predict efficacy or in-efficacy and potential mechanistic side effects. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-017-1368-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrika Jodeleit
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Palamides
- Department of Medicinal Microbiology, Max von Pettenkofer Institute, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Julius von Sachs Institute, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology and Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Siebeck
- Department of General- Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Gropp
- Department of General- Visceral-, and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the University of Munich, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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370
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Chen S, Fuller KK, Dunlap JC, Loros JJ. Circadian Clearance of a Fungal Pathogen from the Lung Is Not Based on Cell-intrinsic Macrophage Rhythms. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 33:99-105. [PMID: 29281921 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417745178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern immune cell function, giving rise to time-of-day variation in the recognition and clearance of bacterial or viral pathogens; to date, however, no such regulation of the host-fungal interaction has been described. In this report, we use murine models to explore circadian control of either fungal-macrophage interactions in vitro or pathogen clearance from the lung in vivo. First, we show that expression of the important fungal pattern recognition receptor Dectin-1 ( clec7a), from either bone marrow-derived or peritoneum-derived macrophages, is not under circadian regulation at either the level of transcript or cell surface protein expression. Consistent with this finding, the phagocytic activity of macrophages in culture against spores of the pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus also did not vary over time. To account for the multiple cell types and processes that may be coordinated in a circadian fashion in vivo, we examined the clearance of A. fumigatus from the lungs of immunocompetent mice. Interestingly, animals inoculated at night demonstrated a 2-fold enhancement in clearance compared with animals inoculated in the morning. Taken together, our data suggest that while molecular recognition of fungi by immune cells may not be circadian, other processes in vivo may still allow for time-of-day differences in fungal clearance from the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Kevin K Fuller
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Jay C Dunlap
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
| | - Jennifer J Loros
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH.,Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH
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371
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Jeannin P, Paolini L, Adam C, Delneste Y. The roles of CSFs on the functional polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. FEBS J 2017; 285:680-699. [PMID: 29171156 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages have a central role in numerous physiological processes, such as immune defense, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and inflammation. Moreover, in numerous severe disorders, such as cancer or chronic inflammation, their functions can be profoundly affected. Macrophages continuously sense their environment and adapt their phenotypes and functions to the local requirements; this process is called plasticity. In addition to stress signals, metabolites, and direct cell-contact interactions with surrounding cells, numerous cytokines play a central role in controlling macrophage polarization. In this review, we will focus on three human macrophage differentiation factors: macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), IL-34, and granulocyte M-CSF. These CSFs allow human monocyte survival, promote their differentiation into macrophages, and control macrophage polarization as they give rise to cells with different phenotype and functions. Based on recent observations, the role of granulocyte CSF on macrophage polarization is also addressed. Finally, our current knowledge on the expression of these growth factors in tumor microenvironment and their impact on the generation and polarization of tumor-associated macrophages are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Jeannin
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Léa Paolini
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Clement Adam
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
| | - Yves Delneste
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, France.,Laboratory of Immunology and Allergology, University Hospital of Angers, France.,LabEx ImmunoGraftOnco, Angers, France
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372
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Lee S, Kivimäe S, Szoka FC. Clodronate Improves Survival of Transplanted Hoxb8 Myeloid Progenitors with Constitutively Active GMCSFR in Immunocompetent Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 7:60-73. [PMID: 29034260 PMCID: PMC5633862 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
New methods to produce large numbers of myeloid progenitor cells, precursors to macrophages (MΦs), by maintaining Hoxb8 transcription factor activity1 has reinvigorated interest in MΦ cell therapies. We generated Hoxb8-dependent myeloid progenitors (HDPs) by transducing lineage-negative bone marrow cells with a constitutively expressed Hoxb8 flanked by loxP. HDPs proliferate indefinitely and differentiate into MΦ when Hoxb8 is removed by a tamoxifen-inducible Cre. We genetically modified HDPs with a constitutively active GMCSF receptor and the tamoxifen-induced transcription factor IRF8, which we have termed “HDP-on.” The HDP-on proliferates without GMCSF and differentiates into the MΦ upon exposure to tamoxifen and ruxolitinib (GMCSF inhibitor via JAK1/2 blockade). We quantified the biodistribution of HDPs transplanted via intraperitoneal injection into immunodeficient NCG mice with a luciferase reporter; HDPs are detected for 14 days in the peritoneal cavity, liver, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, brain, lung, heart, and blood. In immunocompetent BALB/c mice, HDP-on cells, but not HDPs, are detected 1 day post-transplantation in the peritoneal cavity. Pretreatment of BALB/c mice with liposomal clodronate significantly enhances survival at day 7 for HDPs and HDP-on cells in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, and liver, but cells are undetectable at day 14. Short-term post-transplantation survival of HDPs is significantly improved using HDP-on and liposomal clodronate, opening a path for MΦ-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lee
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Saul Kivimäe
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Francis C Szoka
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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373
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Wang Y, Huang H, Sun R, Chen B, Han F, Li Q, Ni Y, Li X, Liu J, Mou X, Tu Y. Serum amyloid a induces M2b-like macrophage polarization during liver inflammation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109238-109246. [PMID: 29312604 PMCID: PMC5752517 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis causes hepatic cell injury, regeneration and different levels of fibrogenesis, and severe liver fibrogenesis progresses into cirrhosis with liver dysfunction. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute phase protein that is predominantly secreted by hepatocytes during early injury or infection. Nevertheless, the relationship of SAA and development of cirrhosis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms is largely unknown. Here, we found that macrophages are the major SAA-binding cells in the injured liver. in vitro, macrophages treated with SAA exhibited high production of IL-10 but low production of IL-12, as features for M2 macrophages. Moreover, these polarized M2 macrophages by SAA also produced IL-1, IL-6 and TNFa, characteristics for an M2b subtype, rather than an alternative M2a or fibrogenic M2c subtype. In a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrogenesis/cirrhosis, anti-SAA sera were used to block the effects of SAA, resulting in increases in the severity of hepatic fibrosis, suggesting an overall anti-fibrogenic effect of SAA. Isolated macrophages from mouse liver showed that anti-SAA appeared to alter the polarization of macrophages from M2b to M2c, suggesting that SAA may induce M2b-like macrophage polarization during liver inflammation, which prevents the liver from fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chunan First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, China
| | - Haijun Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Renhua Sun
- ICU Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Bingyu Chen
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Chunan First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou 311700, China
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Fang Han
- ICU Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Qian Li
- ICU Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yin Ni
- ICU Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xi Li
- Centre of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingquan Liu
- ICU Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medicine College, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuexing Tu
- ICU Department, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
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374
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Kurowska-Stolarska M, Alivernini S. Synovial tissue macrophages: friend or foe? RMD Open 2017; 3:e000527. [PMID: 29299338 PMCID: PMC5729306 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2017-000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy synovial tissue includes a lining layer of synovial fibroblasts and macrophages. The influx of leucocytes during active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes monocytes that differentiate locally into proinflammatory macrophages, and these produce pathogenic tumour necrosis factor. During sustained remission, the synovial tissue macrophage numbers recede to normal. The constitutive presence of tissue macrophages in the lining layer of the synovial membrane in healthy donors and in patients with RA during remission suggests that this macrophage population may have a role in maintaining and reinstating synovial tissue homeostasis respectively. Recent appreciation of the different origins and functions of tissue-resident compared with monocyte-derived macrophages has improved the understanding of their relative involvement in organ homeostasis in mouse models of disease. In this review, informed by mouse models and human data, we describe the presence of different functional subpopulations of human synovial tissue macrophages and discuss their distinct contribution to joint homeostasis and chronic inflammation in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Universities of Glasgow, Birmingham and Newcastle, Glasgow, Birmingham and Newcastle, UK
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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375
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Rodrigues V, Ruffin N, San-Roman M, Benaroch P. Myeloid Cell Interaction with HIV: A Complex Relationship. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1698. [PMID: 29250073 PMCID: PMC5714857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells of the myeloid lineage, particularly macrophages, serve as primary hosts for HIV in vivo, along with CD4 T lymphocytes. Macrophages are present in virtually every tissue of the organism, including locations with negligible T cell colonization, such as the brain, where HIV-mediated inflammation may lead to pathological sequelae. Moreover, infected macrophages are present in multiple other tissues. Recent evidence obtained in humanized mice and macaque models highlighted the capacity of macrophages to sustain HIV replication in vivo in the absence of T cells. Combined with the known resistance of the macrophage to the cytopathic effects of HIV infection, such data bring a renewed interest in this cell type both as a vehicle for viral spread as well as a viral reservoir. While our understanding of key processes of HIV infection of macrophages is far from complete, recent years have nevertheless brought important insight into the uniqueness of the macrophage infection. Productive infection of macrophages by HIV can occur by different routes including from phagocytosis of infected T cells. In macrophages, HIV assembles and buds into a peculiar plasma membrane-connected compartment that preexists to the infection. While the function of such compartment remains elusive, it supposedly allows for the persistence of infectious viral particles over extended periods of time and may play a role on viral transmission. As cells of the innate immune system, macrophages have the capacity to detect and respond to viral components. Recent data suggest that such sensing may occur at multiple steps of the viral cycle and impact subsequent viral spread. We aim to provide an overview of the HIV-macrophage interaction along the multiple stages of the viral life cycle, extending when pertinent such observations to additional myeloid cell types such as dendritic cells or blood monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Rodrigues
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ruffin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Mabel San-Roman
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR3216, Paris, France
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376
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Van den Bossche J, Baardman J, Otto NA, van der Velden S, Neele AE, van den Berg SM, Luque-Martin R, Chen HJ, Boshuizen MCS, Ahmed M, Hoeksema MA, de Vos AF, de Winther MPJ. Mitochondrial Dysfunction Prevents Repolarization of Inflammatory Macrophages. Cell Rep 2017; 17:684-696. [PMID: 27732846 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells that adopt diverse activation states in response to their microenvironment. Editing macrophage activation to dampen inflammatory diseases by promoting the repolarization of inflammatory (M1) macrophages to anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages is of high interest. Here, we find that mouse and human M1 macrophages fail to convert into M2 cells upon IL-4 exposure in vitro and in vivo. In sharp contrast, M2 macrophages are more plastic and readily repolarized into an inflammatory M1 state. We identify M1-associated inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as the factor responsible for preventing M1→M2 repolarization. Inhibiting nitric oxide production, a key effector molecule in M1 cells, dampens the decline in mitochondrial function to improve metabolic and phenotypic reprogramming to M2 macrophages. Thus, inflammatory macrophage activation blunts oxidative phosphorylation, thereby preventing repolarization. Therapeutically restoring mitochondrial function might be useful to improve the reprogramming of inflammatory macrophages into anti-inflammatory cells to control disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Baardman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Natasja A Otto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Annette E Neele
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Susan M van den Berg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Rosario Luque-Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Hung-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke C S Boshuizen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Marten A Hoeksema
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F de Vos
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Center for Infection and Immunity, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Experimental Vascular Biology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105, the Netherlands; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximillian's University, Pettenkoferstrasse 9, Munich 80336, Germany
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377
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Tissue-specific differentiation of colonic macrophages requires TGFβ receptor-mediated signaling. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:1387-1399. [PMID: 28145440 PMCID: PMC5417360 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages (mφ) form one of the largest populations of mφ in the body and are vital for the maintenance of gut homeostasis. They have several unique properties and are derived from local differentiation of classical Ly6Chi monocytes, but the factors driving this tissue-specific process are not understood. Here we have used global transcriptomic analysis to identify a unique homeostatic signature of mature colonic mφ that is acquired as they differentiate in the mucosa. By comparing the analogous monocyte differentiation process found in the dermis, we identify TGFβ as an indispensable part of monocyte differentiation in the intestine and show that it enables mφ to adapt precisely to the requirements of their environment. Importantly, TGFβR signaling on mφ has a crucial role in regulating the accumulation of monocytes in the mucosa, via mechanisms that are distinct from those used by IL10.
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378
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Blood vessel control of macrophage maturation promotes arteriogenesis in ischemia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:952. [PMID: 29038527 PMCID: PMC5643305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia causes an inflammatory response that is intended to restore perfusion and homeostasis yet often aggravates damage. Here we show, using conditional genetic deletion strategies together with adoptive cell transfer experiments in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia, that blood vessels control macrophage differentiation and maturation from recruited monocytes via Notch signaling, which in turn promotes arteriogenesis and tissue repair. Macrophage maturation is controlled by Notch ligand Dll1 expressed in vascular endothelial cells of arteries and requires macrophage canonical Notch signaling via Rbpj, which simultaneously suppresses an inflammatory macrophage fate. Conversely, conditional mutant mice lacking Dll1 or Rbpj show proliferation and transient accumulation of inflammatory macrophages, which antagonizes arteriogenesis and tissue repair. Furthermore, the effects of Notch are sufficient to generate mature macrophages from monocytes ex vivo that display a stable anti-inflammatory phenotype when challenged with pro-inflammatory stimuli. Thus, angiocrine Notch signaling fosters macrophage maturation during ischemia.Molecular mechanisms of macrophage-mediated regulation of artery growth in response to ischemia are poorly understood. Here the authors show that vascular endothelium controls macrophage maturation and differentiation via Notch signaling, which in turn promotes arteriogenesis and ischemic tissue recovery.
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379
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Court M, Barnes JP, Millet A. Identifying exposition to low oxygen environment in human macrophages using secondary ion mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1623-1632. [PMID: 28755479 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Macrophages are innate immune cells presenting a strong phenotypic plasticity and deeply involved in tissue homeostasis. Oxygen environmental tension is a physical parameter that could influence their polarizations. In this study we use time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) to describe how various polarizations are modified by a low oxygen exposure. METHODS TOF-SIMS experiments were performed using an IONTOF ToF-SIMS 5-100 (ION-TOF GmbH, Munster, Germany). Analysis was performed using a pulsed 25 keV Bi3+ beam, sputtering was performed using a 250 eV Cs beam. Cells were fixed by paraformaldehyde before TOF-SIMS analysis. RESULTS Multivariate analysis of the TOF-SIMS spectra provided ion species associated with the exposure of macrophages to low oxygen concentration. We were able to obtain some species, specific of a particular polarization, advocating for the use of macrophages as reporter cells of oxygen tension in tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that macrophage molecular signature to low oxygen environment is dependent on their polarization. TOF-SIMS shows the clear capability to produce species revealing this exposition. This result opens the way to the use of TOF-SIMS as a tool to explore hypoxia in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Court
- Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Paul Barnes
- University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Millet
- Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France
- University of Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Team ATIP/Avenir Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, Grenoble, France
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380
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Stubbington MJT, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A, Teichmann SA. Single-cell transcriptomics to explore the immune system in health and disease. Science 2017; 358:58-63. [PMID: 28983043 PMCID: PMC5654495 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan6828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system varies in cell types, states, and locations. The complex networks, interactions, and responses of immune cells produce diverse cellular ecosystems composed of multiple cell types, accompanied by genetic diversity in antigen receptors. Within this ecosystem, innate and adaptive immune cells maintain and protect tissue function, integrity, and homeostasis upon changes in functional demands and diverse insults. Characterizing this inherent complexity requires studies at single-cell resolution. Recent advances such as massively parallel single-cell RNA sequencing and sophisticated computational methods are catalyzing a revolution in our understanding of immunology. Here we provide an overview of the state of single-cell genomics methods and an outlook on the use of single-cell techniques to decipher the adaptive and innate components of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, 19 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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381
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Kang K, Park SH, Chen J, Qiao Y, Giannopoulou E, Berg K, Hanidu A, Li J, Nabozny G, Kang K, Park-Min KH, Ivashkiv LB. Interferon-γ Represses M2 Gene Expression in Human Macrophages by Disassembling Enhancers Bound by the Transcription Factor MAF. Immunity 2017; 47:235-250.e4. [PMID: 28813657 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms by which interferon (IFN)-γ activates genes to promote macrophage activation are well studied, but little is known about mechanisms and functions of IFN-γ-mediated gene repression. We used an integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic approach to analyze chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, transcription-factor binding, and gene expression in IFN-γ-primed human macrophages. IFN-γ suppressed basal expression of genes corresponding to an "M2"-like homeostatic and reparative phenotype. IFN-γ repressed genes by suppressing the function of enhancers enriched for binding by transcription factor MAF. Mechanistically, IFN-γ disassembled a subset of enhancers by inducing coordinate suppression of binding by MAF, lineage-determining transcription factors, and chromatin accessibility. Genes associated with MAF-binding enhancers were suppressed in macrophages isolated from rheumatoid-arthritis patients, revealing a disease-associated signature of IFN-γ-mediated repression. These results identify enhancer inactivation and disassembly as a mechanism of IFN-γ-mediated gene repression and reveal that MAF regulates the macrophage enhancer landscape and is suppressed by IFN-γ to augment macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Kang
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Sung Ho Park
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Janice Chen
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Yu Qiao
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Eugenia Giannopoulou
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA; Biological Sciences Department, New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Karen Berg
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Adedayo Hanidu
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Gerald Nabozny
- Department of Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, 900 Ridgebury Road, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam 330-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Park-Min
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and the David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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382
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Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a growing global health concern, yet no treatment is currently available to prevent it or to promote kidney repair after injury. Animal models demonstrate that the macrophage is a major contributor to the inflammatory response to AKI. Emerging data from human biopsies also corroborate the presence of macrophages in AKI and their persistence in progressive chronic kidney disease. Macrophages are phagocytic innate immune cells that are important mediators of tissue homeostasis and host defense. In response to tissue injury, macrophages become activated based on specific signals from the damaged microenvironment. The activation and functional state of the macrophage depends on the stage of tissue injury and repair, reflecting a dynamic and diverse spectrum of macrophage phenotypes. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the mechanisms by which macrophages contribute to injury and repair after AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Huen
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
| | - Lloyd G Cantley
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520;
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383
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Kadoki M, Patil A, Thaiss CC, Brooks DJ, Pandey S, Deep D, Alvarez D, von Andrian UH, Wagers AJ, Nakai K, Mikkelsen TS, Soumillon M, Chevrier N. Organism-Level Analysis of Vaccination Reveals Networks of Protection across Tissues. Cell 2017; 171:398-413.e21. [PMID: 28942919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in immunology is to decipher the principles governing immune responses at the whole-organism scale. Here, using a comparative infection model, we observe immune signal propagation within and between organs to obtain a dynamic map of immune processes at the organism level. We uncover two inter-organ mechanisms of protective immunity mediated by soluble and cellular factors. First, analyzing ligand-receptor connectivity across tissues reveals that type I IFNs trigger a whole-body antiviral state, protecting the host within hours after skin vaccination. Second, combining parabiosis, single-cell analyses, and gene knockouts, we uncover a multi-organ web of tissue-resident memory T cells that functionally adapt to their environment to stop viral spread across the organism. These results have implications for manipulating tissue-resident memory T cells through vaccination and open up new lines of inquiry for the analysis of immune responses at the organism level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiko Kadoki
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ashwini Patil
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Cornelius C Thaiss
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Donald J Brooks
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Surya Pandey
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Deeksha Deep
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Alvarez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulrich H von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kenta Nakai
- Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tarjei S Mikkelsen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Magali Soumillon
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevrier
- Faculty of Arts & Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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384
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Abstract
Infections can cause a multitude of stresses on the host and microbe. To detect potential infections, the mammalian immune system utilizes several families of pattern recognition receptors, which survey the intracellular and extracellular environments for microbial products. Members of each receptor family induce antimicrobial effector responses, which include inflammatory cytokine or interferon expression, downregulation of protein synthesis, or host cell death. In this review, we discuss the benefits of each of these innate immune responses. We highlight how non-infectious bacteria and viruses typically activate a single family of receptors, which results in a predictable host response. Infections with virulent pathogens, in contrast, may activate receptors from distinct families. As each receptor family may induce responses that antagonize or synergize with the activities of another family, cell fate decisions during pathogenic encounters are unpredictable. Understanding the antagonistic antimicrobial activities of the innate immune system should provide insight into how cell fate decisions are made during infections and potentially during other environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Franz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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385
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Court M, Petre G, Atifi ME, Millet A. Proteomic Signature Reveals Modulation of Human Macrophage Polarization and Functions Under Differing Environmental Oxygen Conditions. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:2153-2168. [PMID: 28887380 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells which can react to a large number of environmental stimuli thanks to a high degree of plasticity. These cells are involved in a variety of tissue functions in homeostasis, and they play essential roles in pathological contexts. Macrophages' activation state, which determines their functional orientation, is strongly influenced by the cellular environment. A large body of macrophage literature is devoted to better defining polarizations from a molecular viewpoint. It is now accepted that a multidimensional model of polarization is needed to grasp the broad phenotype repertoire controlled by environmental signals. The study presented here aimed, among other goals, to provide a molecular signature of various polarizations in human macrophages at the protein level to better define the different macrophage activation states. To study the proteome in human monocyte-derived macrophages as a function of their polarization state, we used a label-free quantification approach on in-gel fractionated and LysC/Trypsin digested proteins. In total, 5102 proteins were identified and quantified for all polarization states. New polarization-specific markers were identified and validated. Because oxygen tension is an important environmental parameter in tissues, we explored how environmental oxygen tension, at either atmospheric composition (18.6% O2) or "tissue normoxia" (3% O2), affected our classification of macrophage polarization. The comparative results revealed new polarization-specific makers which suggest that environmental oxygen levels should be taken into account when characterizing macrophage activation states. The proteomic screen revealed various polarization-specific proteins and oxygen sensors in human macrophages. One example is arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), an IL4/IL13 polarization-specific protein, which was upregulated under low oxygen conditions and is associated with an increase in the rate of phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. These results illustrate the need to consider physicochemical parameters like oxygen level when studying macrophage polarization, so as to correctly assess their functions in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Court
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France.,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Graciane Petre
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France.,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Michèle El Atifi
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France.,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Millet
- From the ‡Inserm U1205, Grenoble, France; .,§Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France.,¶ATIP/Avenir Team Mechanobiology, Immunity and Cancer, Grenoble, France
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386
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Guilliams
- Lab of Immunoregulation and Mucosal Immunology, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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387
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Chen Y, Zhang X. Pivotal regulators of tissue homeostasis and cancer: macrophages. Exp Hematol Oncol 2017; 6:23. [PMID: 28804688 PMCID: PMC5549331 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-017-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are an essential component of innate immunity and play a vital role in inflammation and host defense. Based on immunological responses, the macrophages are classified into "activated" macrophage (M1 macrophages) participating in the responses of type I helper T (Th1) cells to pathogens and "alternatively activated" macrophages (M2 macrophages) in response to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. In this review, we discuss the origin, classification and function of macrophages. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying polarization of different macrophage subtypes, including transcriptional, epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 People's Republic of China
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388
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Gibbings SL, Thomas SM, Atif SM, McCubbrey AL, Desch AN, Danhorn T, Leach SM, Bratton DL, Henson PM, Janssen WJ, Jakubzick CV. Three Unique Interstitial Macrophages in the Murine Lung at Steady State. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:66-76. [PMID: 28257233 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm in macrophage biology is that some tissues mainly contain macrophages from embryonic origin, such as microglia in the brain, whereas other tissues contain postnatal-derived macrophages, such as the gut. However, in the lung and in other organs, such as the skin, there are both embryonic and postnatal-derived macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate in the steady-state lung that the mononuclear phagocyte system is comprised of three newly identified interstitial macrophages (IMs), alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, and few extravascular monocytes. We focused on similarities and differences between the three IM subtypes, specifically, their phenotype, location, transcriptional signature, phagocytic capacity, turnover, and lack of survival dependency on fractalkine receptor, CX3CR1. Pulmonary IMs were located in the bronchial interstitium but not the alveolar interstitium. At the transcriptional level, all three IMs displayed a macrophage signature and phenotype. All IMs expressed MER proto-oncogene, tyrosine kinase, CD64, CD11b, and CX3CR1, and were further distinguished by differences in cell surface protein expression of CD206, Lyve-1, CD11c, CCR2, and MHC class II, along with the absence of Ly6C, Ly6G, and Siglec F. Most intriguingly, in addition to the lung, similar phenotypic populations of IMs were observed in other nonlymphoid organs, perhaps highlighting conserved functions throughout the body. These findings promote future research to track four distinct pulmonary macrophages and decipher the division of labor that exists between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Gibbings
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Stacey M Thomas
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Shaikh M Atif
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - A Nicole Desch
- 3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Thomas Danhorn
- 4 Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Sonia M Leach
- 4 Integrated Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado; and
| | - Donna L Bratton
- 3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - Peter M Henson
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
| | - William J Janssen
- 2 Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,5 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado
| | - Claudia V Jakubzick
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado.,3 Integrated Department of Immunology, National Jewish Health and University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Campus, Denver, Colorado
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389
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Transcriptional mechanisms that control expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor locus. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2161-2182. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20170238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, differentiation, and survival of cells of the macrophage lineage depends upon signals from the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) receptor (CSF1R). CSF1R is expressed by embryonic macrophages and induced early in adult hematopoiesis, upon commitment of multipotent progenitors to the myeloid lineage. Transcriptional activation of CSF1R requires interaction between members of the E26 transformation-specific family of transcription factors (Ets) (notably PU.1), C/EBP, RUNX, AP-1/ATF, interferon regulatory factor (IRF), STAT, KLF, REL, FUS/TLS (fused in sarcoma/ranslocated in liposarcoma) families, and conserved regulatory elements within the mouse and human CSF1R locus. One element, the Fms-intronic regulatory element (FIRE), within intron 2, is conserved functionally across all the amniotes. Lineage commitment in multipotent progenitors also requires down-regulation of specific transcription factors such as MYB, FLI1, basic leucine zipper transcriptional factor ATF-like (BATF3), GATA-1, and PAX5 that contribute to differentiation of alternative lineages and repress CSF1R transcription. Many of these transcription factors regulate each other, interact at the protein level, and are themselves downstream targets of CSF1R signaling. Control of CSF1R transcription involves feed–forward and feedback signaling in which CSF1R is both a target and a participant; and dysregulation of CSF1R expression and/or function is associated with numerous pathological conditions. In this review, we describe the regulatory network behind CSF1R expression during differentiation and development of cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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390
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Diversity and functions of intestinal mononuclear phagocytes. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:845-864. [PMID: 28378807 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal lamina propria (LP) contains a diverse array of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subsets, including conventional dendritic cells (cDC), monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages (mφ) that collectively play an essential role in mucosal homeostasis, infection and inflammation. In the current review we discuss the function of intestinal cDC and monocyte-derived MNP, highlighting how these subsets play several non-redundant roles in the regulation of intestinal immune responses. While much remains to be learnt, recent findings also underline how the various populations of MNP adapt to deal with the challenges specific to their environment. Understanding these processes should help target individual subsets for 'fine tuning' immunological responses within the intestine, a process that may be of relevance both for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and for optimized vaccine design.
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391
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Gallo J, Raska M, Kriegova E, Goodman SB. Inflammation and its resolution and the musculoskeletal system. J Orthop Translat 2017; 10:52-67. [PMID: 28781962 PMCID: PMC5541893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, an essential tissue response to extrinsic/intrinsic damage, is a very dynamic process in terms of complexity and extension of cellular and metabolic involvement. The aim of the inflammatory response is to eliminate the pathogenic initiator with limited collateral damage of the inflamed tissue, followed by a complex tissue repair to the preinflammation phenotype. Persistent inflammation is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of many musculoskeletal diseases including ageing-related pathologies such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and sarcopaenia. Understanding the mechanisms of inflammation and its resolution is therefore critical for the development of effective regenerative, and therapeutic strategies in orthopaedics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Gallo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, I.P. Pavlova 6, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Raska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kriegova
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion C, Redwood City, CA 94063-6342, USA
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392
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Macrophages and Phospholipases at the Intersection between Inflammation and the Pathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071390. [PMID: 28661459 PMCID: PMC5535883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent low grade immune activation and chronic inflammation are nowadays considered main driving forces of the progressive immunologic failure in effective antiretroviral therapy treated HIV-1 infected individuals. Among the factors contributing to this phenomenon, microbial translocation has emerged as a key driver of persistent immune activation. Indeed, the rapid depletion of gastrointestinal CD4+ T lymphocytes occurring during the early phases of infection leads to a deterioration of the gut epithelium followed by the translocation of microbial products into the systemic circulation and the subsequent activation of innate immunity. In this context, monocytes/macrophages are increasingly recognized as an important source of inflammation, linked to HIV-1 disease progression and to non-AIDS complications, such as cardiovascular disease and neurocognitive decline, which are currently main challenges in treated patients. Lipid signaling plays a central role in modulating monocyte/macrophage activation, immune functions and inflammatory responses. Phospholipase-mediated phospholipid hydrolysis leads to the production of lipid mediators or second messengers that affect signal transduction, thus regulating a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. In this review, we discuss the contribution of phospholipases to monocyte/macrophage activation in the context of HIV-1 infection, focusing on their involvement in virus-associated chronic inflammation and co-morbidities.
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393
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Abstract
Macrophages are present in all vertebrate tissues, from mid-gestation throughout life, constituting a widely dispersed organ system. They promote homeostasis by responding to internal and external changes within the body, not only as phagocytes in defence against microbes and in clearance of dead and senescent cells, but also through trophic, regulatory and repair functions. In this review, we describe macrophage phenotypic heterogeneity in different tissue environments, drawing particular attention to organ-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamon Gordon
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan. .,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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394
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Márquez S, Fernández JJ, Terán-Cabanillas E, Herrero C, Alonso S, Azogil A, Montero O, Iwawaki T, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Fernández N, Crespo MS. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Sensor IRE1α Enhances IL-23 Expression by Human Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2017; 8:639. [PMID: 28674530 PMCID: PMC5475432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) exposed to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) undergo bioenergetic changes that influence the immune response. We found that stimulation with PAMPs enhanced glycolysis in DCs, whereas oxidative phosphorylation remained unaltered. Glucose starvation and the hexokinase inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) modulated cytokine expression in stimulated DCs. Strikingly, IL23A was markedly induced upon 2-DG treatment, but not during glucose deprivation. Since 2-DG can also rapidly inhibit protein N-glycosylation, we postulated that this compound could induce IL-23 in DCs via activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Indeed, stimulation of DCs with PAMPs in the presence of 2-DG robustly activated inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α) signaling and to a lesser extent the PERK arm of the unfolded protein response. Additional ER stressors such as tunicamycin and thapsigargin also promoted IL-23 expression by PAMP-stimulated DCs. Pharmacological, biochemical, and genetic analyses using conditional knockout mice revealed that IL-23 induction in ER stressed DCs stimulated with PAMPs was IRE1α/X-box binding protein 1-dependent upon zymosan stimulation. Interestingly, we further evidenced PERK-mediated and CAAT/enhancer-binding protein β-dependent trans-activation of IL23A upon lipopolysaccharide treatment. Our findings uncover that the ER stress response can potently modulate cytokine expression in PAMP-stimulated human DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saioa Márquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Javier Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eli Terán-Cabanillas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Unidad Académica de Ciencias de la Nutrición y Gastronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Carmen Herrero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sara Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alicia Azogil
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Biotecnología, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kazanawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nieves Fernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mariano Sánchez Crespo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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395
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Dwyer AR, Greenland EL, Pixley FJ. Promotion of Tumor Invasion by Tumor-Associated Macrophages: The Role of CSF-1-Activated Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase and Src Family Kinase Motility Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E68. [PMID: 28629162 PMCID: PMC5483887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9060068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages interact with cells in every organ to facilitate tissue development, function and repair. However, the close interaction between macrophages and parenchymal cells can be subverted in disease, particularly cancer. Motility is an essential capacity for macrophages to be able to carry out their various roles. In cancers, the macrophage's interstitial migratory ability is frequently co-opted by tumor cells to enable escape from the primary tumor and metastatic spread. Macrophage accumulation within and movement through a tumor is often stimulated by tumor cell production of the mononuclear phagocytic growth factor, colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). CSF-1 also regulates macrophage survival, proliferation and differentiation, and its many effects are transduced by its receptor, the CSF-1R, via phosphotyrosine motif-activated signals. Mutational analysis of CSF-1R signaling indicates that the major mediators of CSF-1-induced motility are phosphatidyl-inositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and one or more Src family kinase (SFK), which activate signals to adhesion, actin polymerization, polarization and, ultimately, migration and invasion in macrophages. The macrophage transcriptome, including that of the motility machinery, is very complex and highly responsive to the environment, with selective expression of proteins and splice variants rarely found in other cell types. Thus, their unique motility machinery can be specifically targeted to block macrophage migration, and thereby, inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Dwyer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Eloise L Greenland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Fiona J Pixley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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396
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The effect of thymic mesenchymal stromal cells on arginase activity and nitric oxide produced by mouse macrophages. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj89.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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397
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Wolf Y, Boura-Halfon S, Cortese N, Haimon Z, Sar Shalom H, Kuperman Y, Kalchenko V, Brandis A, David E, Segal-Hayoun Y, Chappell-Maor L, Yaron A, Jung S. Brown-adipose-tissue macrophages control tissue innervation and homeostatic energy expenditure. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:665-674. [PMID: 28459435 PMCID: PMC5438596 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tissue macrophages provide immunological defense and contribute to the establishment and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Here we used constitutive and inducible mutagenesis to delete the nuclear transcription regulator Mecp2 in macrophages. Mice that lacked the gene encoding Mecp2, which is associated with Rett syndrome, in macrophages did not show signs of neurodevelopmental disorder but displayed spontaneous obesity, which was linked to impaired function of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Specifically, mutagenesis of a BAT-resident Cx3Cr1+ macrophage subpopulation compromised homeostatic thermogenesis but not acute, cold-induced thermogenesis. Mechanistically, malfunction of BAT in pre-obese mice with mutant macrophages was associated with diminished sympathetic innervation and local titers of norepinephrine, which resulted in lower expression of thermogenic factors by adipocytes. Mutant macrophages overexpressed the signaling receptor and ligand PlexinA4, which might contribute to the phenotype by repulsion of sympathetic axons expressing the transmembrane semaphorin Sema6A. Collectively, we report a previously unappreciated homeostatic role for macrophages in the control of tissue innervation. Disruption of this circuit in BAT resulted in metabolic imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Nina Cortese
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Zhana Haimon
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Sar Shalom
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Kuperman
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vyacheslav Kalchenko
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Alexander Brandis
- Department of Biological Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yifat Segal-Hayoun
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Avraham Yaron
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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398
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Brown BN, Haschak MJ, Lopresti ST, Stahl EC. Effects of age-related shifts in cellular function and local microenvironment upon the innate immune response to implants. Semin Immunol 2017; 29:24-32. [PMID: 28539184 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The host macrophage response is now well recognized as a predictor of the success or failure of biomaterial implants following placement. More specifically, shifts from an "M1" pro-inflammatory towards a more "M2-like" anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization profile have been shown to result in enhanced material integration and/or tissue regeneration downstream. As a result, a number of biomaterials-based approaches to controlling macrophage polarization have been developed. However, the ability to promote such activity is predicated upon an in-depth, context-dependent understanding of the host response to biomaterials. Recent work has shown the impacts of both tissue location and tissue status (i.e. underlying pathology) upon the host innate immune response to implants, representing a departure from a focus upon implant material composition and form. Thus, the ideas of "biocompatibility," the host macrophage reaction, and ideal material requirements and modification strategies may need to be revisited on a patient, tissue, and disease basis. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that the host response to biomaterials in aged individuals should differ from that in younger individuals. However, despite the increasing usage of implantable medical devices in aged patients, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response to biomaterials and the implications of this response for long-term integration and function have been performed. The objective of the present manuscript is to review the putative effects of aging upon the host response to implanted materials and to advance the hypothesis that age-related changes in the local microenvrionement, with emphasis on the extracellular matrix, play a previously unrecognized role in determining the host response to implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan N Brown
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
| | - Martin J Haschak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Samuel T Lopresti
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Stahl
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
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399
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Lu XJ, Chen Q, Rong YJ, Chen F, Chen J. CXCR3.1 and CXCR3.2 Differentially Contribute to Macrophage Polarization in Teleost Fish. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:4692-4706. [PMID: 28500070 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The study of multiple copies of chemokine receptor genes in various teleosts has long appealed to investigators seeking to understand the evolution of the immune system. The CXCR CXCR3 gene has two isoforms, CXCR3.1 and CXCR3.2, which are both expressed in macrophages. The distinct roles of teleost CXCR3s have not been identified previously. In this article, we found that CXCR3.1 and CXCR3.2 differentially contributed to macrophage polarization in the teleosts: ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and spotted green pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis). In ayu macrophages, the P. altivelis CXCR3.1 (PaCXCR3.1) gene was constitutively expressed, whereas the P. altivelis CXCR3.2 (PaCXCR3.2) gene was induced postinfection with Escherichia coli Upon E. coli infection, PaCXCR3.1+ and PaCXCR3.2+ macrophages showed an M1 and an M2 phenotype, respectively. CXCL9-11-like proteins mediated M1 and M2 polarization by interacting with the PaCXCR3.1 and PaCXCR3.2 proteins on macrophages, respectively. The transcription factors P. altivelis STAT1 and P. altivelis STAT3 were activated in PaCXCR3.1+ and PaCXCR3.2+ macrophages, respectively. Furthermore, the prognosis of septic ayu adoptively transferred with PaCXCR3.2+ macrophages was improved. Our data reveal a previously unknown mechanism for macrophage polarization, suggesting that redundant genes may regulate crucial functions in the teleost immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye-Jing Rong
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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400
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Guilliams M, Scott CL. Does niche competition determine the origin of tissue-resident macrophages? Nat Rev Immunol 2017; 17:451-460. [PMID: 28461703 DOI: 10.1038/nri.2017.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most tissue-resident macrophages are derived from embryonic precursors but, under certain circumstances, circulating monocytes can differentiate into self-maintaining tissue-resident macrophages that resemble their embryonic counterparts. In this Opinion article, we propose that distinct macrophage precursors have an almost identical potential to develop into resident macrophages but they compete for a restricted number of niches. The tight regulation of the niche ensures that monocytes do not differentiate into macrophages when the niche is full but that these cells can differentiate efficiently into macrophages when the niche is available. Imprinting by the niche would be the dominant factor conferring macrophage identity and self-maintenance capacity, rather than origin as was previously proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Guilliams
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB-UGhent Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent 9052, Belgium; and the Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Charlotte L Scott
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Ontogeny and Functional Specialisation, VIB-UGhent Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent 9052, Belgium; and the Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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