351
|
Zheng H, Wan J, Shan Y, Song X, Jin J, Su Q, Chen S, Lu X, Yang J, Li Q, Song Y, Li B. MicroRNA-185-5p inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and reduces fasting blood glucose levels by suppressing G6Pase. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:7829-7843. [PMID: 34335967 PMCID: PMC8315058 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to contribute to many metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the roles and molecular mechanisms of miR-185-5p in the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methods: MicroRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. High-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and db/db mice, a genetic mouse model for diabetes, were used for examining the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR and Western blotting were performed to measure the expression levels of various genes and proteins. Luciferase reporter assays were used to determine the regulatory roles of miR-185-5p on G6Pase expression. Results: Hepatic miR-185-5p expression was significantly decreased during fasting or insulin resistance. Locked nucleic acid (LNA)-mediated suppression of miR-185-5p increased blood glucose and hepatic gluconeogenesis in healthy mice. In contrast, overexpression of miR-185-5p in db/db mice alleviated blood hyperglycemia and decreased gluconeogenesis. At the molecular level, miR-185-5p directly inhibited G6Pase expression by targeting its 3'-untranslated regions. Furthermore, metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, could upregulate miR-185-5p expression to suppress G6Pase, leading to hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibition. Conclusions/interpretation: Our findings provided a novel insight into the role of miR-185-5p that suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis and alleviated hyperglycemia by targeting G6Pase. We further identified that the /G6Pase axis mediated the inhibitory effect of metformin on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, miR-185-5p might be a therapeutic target for hepatic glucose overproduction and fasting hyperglycemia.
Collapse
|
352
|
Fukushima S, Nishi H, Kumano M, Yamanaka D, Kataoka N, Hakuno F, Takahashi SI. A novel amino acid signaling process governs glucose-6-phosphatase transcription. iScience 2021; 24:102778. [PMID: 34278273 PMCID: PMC8267547 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that amino acids act as metabolic regulatory signals. Here, we showed that glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) mRNA levels in cultured hepatocyte models were downregulated in an amino-acid-depleted medium. Inversely, stimulation with amino acids increased G6Pase mRNA levels, demonstrating that G6Pase mRNA level is directly controlled by amino acids in a reversible manner. Promoter assay revealed that these amino-acid-mediated changes in G6Pase mRNA levels were attributable to transcriptional regulation, independent of canonical hormone signaling pathways. Metabolomic analysis revealed that amino acid starvation induces a defect in the urea cycle, decreasing ornithine, a major intermediate, and supplementation of ornithine in an amino-acid-depleted medium fully rescued G6Pase mRNA transcription, similar to the effects of amino acid stimulation. This pathway was also independent of established mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. Collectively, we present a hypothetical concept of “metabolic regulatory amino acid signal,” possibly mediated by ornithine. Amino acids regulate G6Pase transcription in hepatocytes independently of hormones Urea cycle activity changes reflecting the extracellular amino acid concentration Ornithine regulates G6Pase mRNA level in the same manner as proteinogenic amino acids Amino acids/ornithine signals are independent of canonical mTORC1 pathway
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fukushima
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishi
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Mikako Kumano
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hakuno
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
353
|
Wang J, Yang Y, Wang Z, Xu K, Xiao X, Mu W. Comparison of effects in sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia on hypoxia tolerance, histology, physiology and expression of clock genes in high latitude fish Phoxinus lagowskii. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 260:111020. [PMID: 34166835 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Phoxinus lagowskii is a popular fish in Chinese cuisine. Though it is found mainly in China's high-latitude regions, where diel-cycling hypoxia (DCH) is known to have unique impacts on aquatic organisms, there is little known about its response to hypoxia. Currently, nothing is known about the changes in blood parameters, gill and liver morphology, glucose and lipid metabolism, or expression of genes involved in clock and glucose metabolism in response to sustained hypoxia (SH) and diel-cycling hypoxia (DCH). To elucidate the influence of sustained and diel-cycling hypoxia on fish hypoxia tolerance, resting oxygen consumption (MO2) analysis was performed after ten days of hypoxia. This analysis revealed that hypoxia tolerance profoundly improved after ten days of either sustained or diel-cycling hypoxia acclimation, with DCH groups showing greater improvements than SH groups. Additionally, an increase in RBCs was found in P. lagowskii, suggesting an increase in the O2-carrying capacity of the blood to tolerate hypoxia. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations in P. lagowskii were increased at four days of diel-cycling hypoxia, confirming that physiological and metabolic adaptation to hypoxia is based on the duration of O2 exposure. Increased Hb and hematocrit (Hct) were found in DCH-exposed fish, both of which have been directly linked to high-latitude hypoxia tolerance. In the gills, lamella surface area increased in SH-exposed fish more than DCH-exposed fish, and these increases were accompanied by a decrease in the volume of interlamellar cell mass (ILCM). Histology changes in the liver showed a higher frequency of cytoplasmic vacuolization in DCH-exposed fish. PK increases in SH-exposed fish suggest that fish can use more energy sources in persistent hypoxia. Meanwhile, DCH-exposed fish use TG as an energy source. In SH-exposed fish, self-regulation of Cry1a was observed, whereas Cry1b gene was up-regulated significantly. In DCH-exposed fish, three of eight clock genes studied had increased expression, including Per1a, Clocka, and Cry1b, suggesting that SH and DCH result in different hypoxic responses. This study presents a novel approach to the study of fish responses to hypoxia in high latitude and shows that sustained hypoxia and diel-cycling hypoxia induce large differences in fish physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Kexin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Weijie Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of Aquatic Organisms, College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
354
|
Loza-Valdes A, Mayer AE, Kassouf T, Trujillo-Viera J, Schmitz W, Dziaczkowski F, Leitges M, Schlosser A, Sumara G. A phosphoproteomic approach reveals that PKD3 controls PKA-mediated glucose and tyrosine metabolism. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202000863. [PMID: 34145024 PMCID: PMC8321662 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) regulates hepatic metabolism in a PKA-dependent manner and reveals many other putative PKD3 targets in the liver. Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family (PKD1, 2, and 3) integrate hormonal and nutritional inputs to regulate complex cellular metabolism. Despite the fact that a number of functions have been annotated to particular PKDs, their molecular targets are relatively poorly explored. PKD3 promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses lipogenesis in the liver of animals fed a high-fat diet. However, its substrates are largely unknown. Here we applied proteomic approaches to determine PKD3 targets. We identified more than 300 putative targets of PKD3. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that PKD3 regulates cAMP-dependent PKA activity, a master regulator of the hepatic response to glucagon and fasting. PKA regulates glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in the liver, by targeting key enzymes in the respective processes. Among them the PKA targets phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Consistently, we showed that PKD3 is activated by glucagon and promotes glucose and tyrosine levels in hepatocytes. Therefore, our data indicate that PKD3 might play a role in the hepatic response to glucagon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Loza-Valdes
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toufic Kassouf
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo-Viera
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Filip Dziaczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Leitges
- Tier 1, Canada Research Chair in Cell Signaling and Translational Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences/Faculty of Medicine, Craig L Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Science Centre, St. Johns, Canada
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany .,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
355
|
Lee YS, Lee D, Park GS, Ko SH, Park J, Lee YK, Kang J. Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 ameliorates type 2 diabetes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice in association with modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 12:6363-6373. [PMID: 34105563 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00698c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious metabolic disorder that occurs worldwide; however, this condition can be managed with probiotics. We assessed the potential therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 on hyperglycemia and T2DM and determined their potential mechanisms using mice with high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. The diabetic model was established with an HFD and 50 mg kg-1 STZ. L. plantarum HAC01 was then administered for 10 weeks. Body weight, food and water intake, biochemical parameters, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured. Oral glucose tolerance test and histological analysis were performed, and the glucose metabolism-related gene expression and signaling pathways in the liver were determined. Fecal microbiota and serum short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also analyzed. L. plantarum HAC01 significantly lowered blood glucose and HbA1c levels and improved glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR. Additionally, it increased the insulin-positive β-cell area in islets and decreased the mRNA expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase, which are associated with gluconeogenesis. L. plantarum HAC01 also increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt, which are involved in glucose metabolism in the liver. Notably, L. plantarum HAC01 increased the Akkermansiaceae family and increased SCFAs in serum. L. plantarum HAC01 could alleviate hyperglycemia and T2DM by regulating glucose metabolism in the liver, protecting the islet β-cell mass, and restoring the gut microbiota and SCFAs. L. plantarum HAC01 may thus be an effective therapeutic agent for T2DM.
Collapse
|
356
|
High FIB4 index is an independent risk factor of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11753. [PMID: 34083571 PMCID: PMC8175689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88285-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may be linked to development of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The FIB4 index, a noninvasive liver fibrosis score, has been reported to predict CKD in non-diabetic patients, but there are no reports yet in diabetic cases. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic impact of FIB4 index on the risk of developing diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes in a retrospective cohort study. We assessed patients with type 2 diabetes with an eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and without dipstick positive proteinuria (≥ 1 +) at their first visit to our department. Participants were divided into two groups based on the FIB4 index at their first visit: FIB4 index > 1.3 and FIB4 index ≤ 1.3. The primary endpoint was defined as a decrease in eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or the onset of proteinuria during the course of treatment. The average age of all 584 type 2 diabetic participants (360 [61.6%] men) was 55 ± 11 years. There were 187 patients in the FIB4 index group > 1.3 (32.0%) and the median observation period was 6.0 (3.8–11.0) years. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that the risks of developing DKD, eGFR < 60 and proteinuria were all higher in FIB4 index > 1.3 patients than in FIB4 ≤ 1.3 patients. In the Cox regression analysis, an FIB4 index > 1.3 was a significant predictor for onset of DKD (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15–2.08) and proteinuria (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.08–2.23), but not for an eGFR < 60 (HR 1.14, 95% CI 0.79–1.99). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that an FIB4 index > 1.3 has a prognostic impact on the development of CKD and proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. This warrants further investigation of the prognostic impact of the development of DKD or proteinuria.
Collapse
|
357
|
Gallardo-Montejano VI, Yang C, Hahner L, McAfee JL, Johnson JA, Holland WL, Fernandez-Valdivia R, Bickel PE. Perilipin 5 links mitochondrial uncoupled respiration in brown fat to healthy white fat remodeling and systemic glucose tolerance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3320. [PMID: 34083525 PMCID: PMC8175597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure of mice or humans to cold promotes significant changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) with respect to histology, lipid content, gene expression, and mitochondrial mass and function. Herein we report that the lipid droplet coat protein Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) increases markedly in BAT during exposure of mice to cold. To understand the functional significance of cold-induced PLIN5, we created and characterized gain- and loss-of-function mouse models. Enforcing PLIN5 expression in mouse BAT mimics the effects of cold with respect to mitochondrial cristae packing and uncoupled substrate-driven respiration. PLIN5 is necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial cristae structure and respiratory function during cold stress. We further show that promoting PLIN5 function in BAT is associated with healthy remodeling of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and improvements in systemic glucose tolerance and diet-induced hepatic steatosis. These observations will inform future strategies that seek to exploit thermogenic adipose tissue as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Perilipin 5 is a lipid droplet protein that interacts with PGC1α in the nucleus to regulate mitochondrial metabolism. Here the authors use genetically engineered mouse models to determine the physiologic role of Perilipin 5, and show that it regulates mitochondrial adaptations to cold, as well as systemic energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Gallardo-Montejano
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chaofeng Yang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lisa Hahner
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John L McAfee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joshua A Johnson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology and the Diabetes and Metabolism Research Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Perry E Bickel
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
358
|
Youn DY, Xiaoli AM, Zong H, Okada J, Liu L, Pessin J, Pessin JE, Yang F. The Mediator complex kinase module is necessary for fructose regulation of liver glycogen levels through induction of glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6pc). Mol Metab 2021; 48:101227. [PMID: 33812059 PMCID: PMC8099662 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver glycogen levels are dynamic and highly regulated by nutrient availability as the levels decrease during fasting and are restored during the feeding cycle. However, feeding in the presence of fructose in water suppresses glycogen accumulation in the liver by upregulating the expression of the glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6pc) gene, although the exact mechanism is unknown. We generated liver-specific knockout MED13 mice that lacked the transcriptional Mediator complex kinase module to examine its effect on the transcriptional activation of inducible target gene expression, such as the ChREBP- and FOXO1-dependent control of the G6pc gene promoter. METHODS The relative changes in liver expression of lipogenic and gluconeogenic genes as well as glycogen levels were examined in response to feeding standard low-fat laboratory chow supplemented with water or water containing sucrose or fructose in control (Med13fl/fl) and liver-specific MED13 knockout (MED13-LKO) mice. RESULTS Although MED13 deficiency had no significant effect on constitutive gene expression, all the dietary inducible gene transcripts were significantly reduced despite the unchanged insulin sensitivity in the MED13-LKO mice compared to that in the control mice. G6pc gene transcription displayed the most significant difference between the Med13 fl/fl and MED13-LKO mice, particularly when fed fructose. Following fasting that depleted liver glycogen, feeding induced the restoration of glycogen levels except in the presence of fructose. MED13 deficiency rescued the glycogen accumulation defect in the presence of fructose. This resulted from the suppression of G6pc expression and thus G6PC enzymatic activity. Among two transcriptional factors that regulate G6pc gene expression, FOXO1 binding to the G6pc promoter was not affected, whereas ChREBP binding was dramatically reduced in MED13-LKO hepatocytes. In addition, there was a marked suppression of FOXO1 and ChREBP-β transcriptional activities in MED13-LKO hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that the kinase module of the Mediator complex is necessary for the transcriptional activation of metabolic genes such as G6pc and has an important role in regulating glycogen levels in the liver through altering transcription factor binding and activity at the G6pc promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dou Yeon Youn
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alus M Xiaoli
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Haihong Zong
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Junichi Okada
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jacob Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Pessin
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Fajun Yang
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA; Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
359
|
Verlande A, Chun SK, Goodson MO, Fortin BM, Bae H, Jang C, Masri S. Glucagon regulates the stability of REV-ERBα to modulate hepatic glucose production in a model of lung cancer-associated cachexia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf3885. [PMID: 34172439 PMCID: PMC8232919 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is associated with cachexia, which manifests as an inflammatory response that causes wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. We previously reported that lung tumor-bearing (TB) mice exhibit alterations in inflammatory and hormonal signaling that deregulate circadian pathways governing glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver. Here, we define the molecular mechanism of how de novo glucose production in the liver is enhanced in a model of lung adenocarcinoma. We found that elevation of serum glucagon levels stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and activates hepatic protein kinase A (PKA) signaling in TB mice. In turn, we found that PKA targets and destabilizes the circadian protein REV-ERBα, a negative transcriptional regulator of gluconeogenic genes, resulting in heightened de novo glucose production. Together, we identified that glucagon-activated PKA signaling regulates REV-ERBα stability to control hepatic glucose production in a model of lung cancer-associated cachexia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Verlande
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sung Kook Chun
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Maggie O Goodson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bridget M Fortin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Hosung Bae
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
360
|
Op den Kamp YJM, de Ligt M, Dautzenberg B, Kornips E, Esterline R, Hesselink MKC, Hoeks J, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB, Havekes B, Oscarsson J, Phielix E, Schrauwen P. Effects of the SGLT2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin on Energy Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind Crossover Trial. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1334-1343. [PMID: 33858855 PMCID: PMC8247491 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE SGTL2 inhibitors increase urinary glucose excretion and have beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. The underlying mechanism may involve caloric restriction-like metabolic effects due to urinary glucose loss. We investigated the effects of dapagliflozin on 24-h energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS There were 26 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to a 5-week double-blind, crossover study with a 6- to 8-week washout. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure 24-h energy metabolism and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), both by whole-room calorimetry and by ventilated hood during a two-step euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Results are presented as the differences in least squares mean (95% CI) between treatments. RESULTS Evaluable patients (n = 24) had a mean (SD) age of 64.2 (4.6) years, BMI of 28.1 (2.4) kg/m2, and HbA1c of 6.9% (0.7) (51.7 [6.8] mmol/mol). Rate of glucose disappearance was unaffected by dapagliflozin, whereas fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) increased by dapagliflozin (+2.27 [1.39, 3.14] μmol/kg/min, P < 0.0001). Insulin-induced suppression of EGP (-1.71 [-2.75, -0.63] μmol/kg/min, P = 0.0036) and plasma free fatty acids (-21.93% [-39.31, -4.54], P = 0.016) was greater with dapagliflozin. Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (-0.11 [-0.24, 0.03] MJ/day) remained unaffected by dapagliflozin, but dapagliflozin reduced the RER during daytime and nighttime, resulting in an increased day-to-nighttime difference in the RER (-0.010 [-0.017, -0.002], P = 0.016). Dapagliflozin treatment resulted in a negative 24-h energy and fat balance (-20.51 [-27.90, -13.12] g/day). CONCLUSIONS Dapagliflozin treatment for 5 weeks resulted in major adjustments of metabolism mimicking caloric restriction, increased fat oxidation, improved hepatic and adipose insulin sensitivity, and improved 24-h energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvo J M Op den Kamp
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies de Ligt
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Dautzenberg
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Kornips
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Matthijs K C Hesselink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joris Hoeks
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vera B Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Oscarsson
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Late-Stage Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Esther Phielix
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
361
|
Zou J, Zhu X, Xiang D, Zhang Y, Li J, Su Z, Kong L, Zhang H. LIX1-like protein promotes liver cancer progression via miR-21-3p-mediated inhibition of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:1578-1591. [PMID: 34221869 PMCID: PMC8245913 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb and CNS expressed 1 like (LIX1L) is over-expressed in several types of tumors. However, the function of LIX1L in glucose metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression remains elusive. Here we report that LIX1L is over-expressed in human HCC tissues, which predicts unfavorable prognosis. LIX1L deficiency in vivo significantly attenuated liver cancer initiation in mice. Functional studies indicated that LIX1L overexpression elevated proliferation, migratory, invasive capacities of HCC cells in vitro, and promoted liver cancer growth and metastasis in vivo. LIX1L knockdown up-regulated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) expression to reduce glucose consumption as well as lactate production. Mechanistically, LIX1L increased miR-21-3p expression, which targeted and suppressed FBP1, thereby promoting HCC growth and metastasis. MiR-21-3p inhibitor could abrogate LIX1L induced enhancement of cell migration, invasion, and glucose metabolism. Inhibition of miR-21-3p suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic tumor model. Our results establish LIX1L as a critical driver of hepatocarcinogenesis and HCC progression, with implications for prognosis and treatment.
Collapse
Key Words
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- DEN, diethylnitrosamine
- ECAR, extracellular acidification rate
- EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition
- FBP1
- FBP1, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glucose metabolism
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LIX1L
- LIX1L, Limb and CNS expressed 1 like
- Metastasis
- NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
- Proliferation
- Seq, sequencing
- miR-21-3p
- miRNA, microRNA
- shRNA, short-hairpin RNA
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dejuan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhigui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| |
Collapse
|
362
|
Ji YX, Wang Y, Li PL, Cai L, Wang XM, Bai L, Liu Z, Tian H, Tian S, Zhang P, Zhang XJ, Cheng X, Yuan Y, She ZG, Hu Y, Li H. A kinome screen reveals that Nemo-like kinase is a key suppressor of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1171-1186.e9. [PMID: 33951476 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antihyperglycemic therapy is an important priority for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) is a major cause of fasting hyperglycemia. Therefore, a better understanding of its regulation would be important to develop effective antihyperglycemic therapies. Using a gluconeogenesis-targeted kinome screening approach combined with transcriptome analyses, we uncovered Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a potent suppressor of HGP. Mechanistically, NLK phosphorylates and promotes nuclear export of CRTC2 and FOXO1, two key regulators of hepatic gluconeogenesis, resulting in the proteasome-dependent degradation of the former and the inhibition of the self-transcriptional activity and expression of the latter. Importantly, the expression of NLK is downregulated in the liver of individuals with diabetes and in diabetic rodent models and restoring NLK expression in the mouse model ameliorates hyperglycemia. Therefore, our findings uncover NLK as a critical player in the gluconeogenic regulatory network and as a potential therapeutic target for T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xiao Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yutao Wang
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng-Long Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Clinical Medicine Research Center for Minimally Invasive Procedure of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases of Hubei Province, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang She
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
363
|
Wu HY, Cheng Y, Jin LY, Zhou Y, Pang HY, Zhu H, Yan CC, Yan YS, Yu JE, Sheng JZ, Huang HF. Paternal obesity impairs hepatic gluconeogenesis of offspring by altering Igf2/H19 DNA methylation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529:111264. [PMID: 33811969 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, the global prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in all age ranges. Emerging evidence suggests that paternal lifestyle and environmental exposure have a crucial role in the health of offspring. Therefore, the current study investigated the impact of paternal obesity on the metabolic profile of offspring in a male mouse model of obesity. Female offspring of obese fathers fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal fat) showed hyperglycemia because of enhanced gluconeogenesis and elevated expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), which is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis. Methylation of the Igf2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) was dysregulated in the liver of offspring, and the sperm, of HFD fathers, suggesting that epigenetic changes in germ cells contribute to this father-offspring transmission. In addition, we explored whether H19 might regulate hepatic gluconeogenesis. Our results showed that overexpression of H19 in Hepa1-6 cells enhanced the expression of PEPCK and gluconeogenesis by promoting nuclear retention of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1), which is involved in the transcriptional regulation of Pepck. Thus, the current study suggests that paternal exposure to HFD impairs the gluconeogenesis of offspring via altered Igf2/H19 DNA methylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu-Yang Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Pang
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao-Chong Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Shang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-En Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Sheng
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
364
|
Zhao T, Wang J, He A, Wang S, Chen Y, Lu J, Lv J, Li S, Wang J, Qian M, Li H, Shen X. Mebhydrolin ameliorates glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetic mice by functioning as a selective FXR antagonist. Metabolism 2021; 119:154771. [PMID: 33831422 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with hallmarks of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Long-term hyperglycemia damages the functions of multiple tissues and organs leading to a series of complications and disability or even death. Nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonism has been recently discovered to exhibit beneficial effect on glucose metabolism in T2DM mice, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed the study on the discovery of new FXR antagonist and investigated the mechanism underlying the amelioration of FXR antagonism on glucose homeostasis in T2DM mice by using the determined FXR antagonist as a probe. METHODS FXR antagonist Mebhydrolin was discovered by screening against the lab in-house FDA approved drug library through surface plasmon resonance (SPR), microscale thermophoresis (MST), AlphaScreen, mammalian one-hybrid and transactivation assays. Activity of Mebhydrolin in improving glucose homeostasis was evaluated in db/db and HFD/STZ-induced T2DM mice, and the mechanisms governing the regulation of Mebhydrolin were investigated by assays of immunostaining, Western blot, ELISA, RT-PCR against liver tissues of both T2DM mice and the T2DM mice with liver-specific FXR knockdown injected via adeno-associated-virus AAV-FXR-RNAi and mouse primary hepatocytes. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) technology-based study was performed to investigate the structural basis for the antagonistic regulation of Mebhydrolin against FXR at an atomic level. FINDINGS Mebhydrolin ameliorated blood glucose homeostasis in T2DM mice by both suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis via FXR/miR-22-3p/PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway and promoting glycogen synthesis through FXR/miR-22-3p/PI3K/AKT/GSK3β pathway. Structurally, residues L291, M332 and Y373 of FXR were required for Mebhydrolin binding to FXR-LBD, and Mebhydrolin induced H2 and H6 shifting of FXR potently affecting the regulation of the downstream target genes. CONCLUSIONS Our work has revealed a novel mode for the regulation of FXR against glucose metabolism in T2DM mice and highlighted the potential of Mebhydrolin in the treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Carbolines/chemistry
- Carbolines/pharmacokinetics
- Carbolines/therapeutic use
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Gluconeogenesis/drug effects
- Gluconeogenesis/genetics
- Glucose/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Homeostasis/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/chemistry
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Streptozocin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Anxu He
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yidi Chen
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jianlu Lv
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shiliang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Minyi Qian
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xu Shen
- School of Medicine& Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
365
|
Restoration of energy homeostasis by SIRT6 extends healthy lifespan. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3208. [PMID: 34050173 PMCID: PMC8163764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to a gradual decline in physical activity and disrupted energy homeostasis. The NAD+-dependent SIRT6 deacylase regulates aging and metabolism through mechanisms that largely remain unknown. Here, we show that SIRT6 overexpression leads to a reduction in frailty and lifespan extension in both male and female B6 mice. A combination of physiological assays, in vivo multi-omics analyses and 13C lactate tracing identified an age-dependent decline in glucose homeostasis and hepatic glucose output in wild type mice. In contrast, aged SIRT6-transgenic mice preserve hepatic glucose output and glucose homeostasis through an improvement in the utilization of two major gluconeogenic precursors, lactate and glycerol. To mediate these changes, mechanistically, SIRT6 increases hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression, de novo NAD+ synthesis, and systemically enhances glycerol release from adipose tissue. These findings show that SIRT6 optimizes energy homeostasis in old age to delay frailty and preserve healthy aging.
Collapse
|
366
|
Ge W, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Ding Z, Xu X, Weng D, Wang S, Cheng R, Zhang J. An insulin-independent mechanism for transcriptional regulation of Foxo1 in type 2 diabetic mice. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100846. [PMID: 34058194 PMCID: PMC8233149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic gluconeogenesis is the major contributor to the hyperglycemia observed in both patients and animals with type 2 diabetes. The transcription factor FOXO1 plays a dominant role in stimulating hepatic gluconeogenesis. FOXO1 is mainly regulated by insulin under physiological conditions, but liver-specific disruption of Foxo1 transcription restores normal gluconeogenesis in mice in which insulin signaling has been blocked, suggesting that additional regulatory mechanisms exist. Understanding the transcriptional regulation of Foxo1 may be conducive to the development of insulin-independent strategies for the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Here, we found that elevated plasma levels of adenine nucleotide in type 2 diabetes are the major regulators of Foxo1 transcription. We treated lean mice with 5'-AMP and examined their transcriptional profiles using RNA-seq. KEGG analysis revealed that the 5'-AMP treatment led to shifted profiles that were similar to db/db mice. Many of the upregulated genes were in pathways associated with the pathology of type 2 diabetes including Foxo1 signaling. As observed in diabetic db/db mice, lean mice treated with 5'-AMP displayed enhanced Foxo1 transcription, involving an increase in cellular adenosine levels and a decrease in the S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio. This reduced methylation potential resulted in declining histone H3K9 methylation in the promoters of Foxo1, G6Pc, and Pepck. In mouse livers and cultured cells, 5'-AMP induced expression of more FOXO1 protein, which was found to be localized in the nucleus, where it could promote gluconeogenesis. Our results revealed that adenine nucleotide-driven Foxo1 transcription is crucial for excessive glucose production in type 2 diabetic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Weng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
367
|
Sharma S, Wadhwa K, Choudhary M, Budhwar V. Ethnopharmacological perspectives of glucokinase activators in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2962-2976. [PMID: 34044681 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1931187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional medicinal plants have wide-reaching utilisation in the treatment of diabetes especially in developing countries where medical resources are meagre. Traditionally used anti-diabetic plants act by numerous mechanisms, however, only a few of them act through activation of the glucokinase enzyme. Glucokinase is a key regulatory enzyme in glucose metabolism thereby controls glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. The present review significantly analyses the knowledge about various plant-based glucokinase activators including numerous phytochemicals which modulate the activity and gene expression of glucokinase and would provide data support and perspective regarding future research in the discovery and development of different plant-derived glucokinase activators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Manjusha Choudhary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas Budhwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
368
|
Wu M, Zhang C, Xie M, Zhen Y, Lai B, Liu J, Qiao L, Liu S, Shi D. Compartmentally scavenging hepatic oxidants through AMPK/SIRT3-PGC1α axis improves mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose catabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:117-128. [PMID: 33794310 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Early treatment can prevent the occurrence of diabetes; however, there are few pharmacological treatment strategies to date. The liver is a major metabolic organ, and hepatic glucose homeostasis is dysregulated in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the potential of specifically targeting the liver to prevent diabetes has not been fully exploited. In this study, we found that compartmentally inhibiting hepatic oxidants by nano-MitoPBN, a liver mitochondrial-targeting ROS scavenger, could effectively prevent diabetes. Our results demonstrated that nano-MitoPBN reversed the downregulation of PGC-1α and the enhanced gluconeogenesis in the livers of diabetic mice. PGC-1α, through an AMPK- and SIRT3-mediated mechanism, promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, increased the number of mitochondria, and enhanced the rate of aerobic oxidation, leading to decreased glucose levels in the blood by increasing glucose uptake and catabolism in the liver. Moreover, the increase in PGC-1α activity did not promote the activation of gluconeogenesis. Our study demonstrated that by regulating the redox balance of liver mitochondria in the early stage of diabetes, PGC-1α could selectively inhibit gluconeogenesis in the liver and promote hepatic mitochondrial function, which accelerated the catabolism of hepatic glucose and reduced blood glucose. Thus, glucose tolerance can be normalized through only three weeks of intervention. Our results showed that nano-MitoPBN could effectively prevent diabetes in a short period of time, highlighting the effectiveness and importance of early intervention for diabetes and suggesting the potential advantages of hepatic mitochondrial targeting oxidants nano-inhibitors in the prevention and early treatment of diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunwang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdan Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuansheng Zhen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Liang Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Free Radical Regulation and Application Research Center of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongyun Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
369
|
Yu S, Meng S, Xiang M, Ma H. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in cell metabolism: Roles and mechanisms beyond gluconeogenesis. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101257. [PMID: 34020084 PMCID: PMC8190478 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK) has been almost exclusively recognized as a critical enzyme in gluconeogenesis, especially in the liver and kidney. Accumulating evidence has shown that the enhanced activity of PCK leads to increased glucose output and exacerbation of diabetes, whereas the defects of PCK result in lethal hypoglycemia. Genetic mutations or polymorphisms are reported to be related to the onset and progression of diabetes in humans. SCOPE OF REVIEW Recent studies revealed that the PCK pathway is more complex than just gluconeogenesis, depending on the health or disease condition. Dysregulation of PCK may contribute to the development of obesity, cardiac hypertrophy, stroke, and cancer. Moreover, a regulatory network with multiple layers, from epigenetic regulation, transcription regulation, to posttranscription regulation, precisely tunes the expression of PCK. Deciphering the molecular basis that regulates PCK may pave the way for developing practical strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In this review, we summarize the metabolic and non-metabolic roles of the PCK enzyme in cells, especially beyond gluconeogenesis. We highlight the distinct functions of PCK isoforms (PCK1 and PCK2), depict a detailed network regulating PCK's expression, and discuss its clinical relevance. We also discuss the therapeutic potential targeting PCK and the future direction that is highly in need to better understand PCK-mediated signaling under diverse conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yu
- Anesthesiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Simin Meng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
370
|
Galangin Resolves Cardiometabolic Disorders through Modulation of AdipoR1, COX-2, and NF-κB Expression in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050769. [PMID: 34066039 PMCID: PMC8150752 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a natural flavonoid. In this study, we evaluated whether galangin could alleviate signs of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiac abnormalities in rats receiving a high-fat (HF) diet. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given an HF diet plus 15% fructose for four months, and they were fed with galangin (25 or 50 mg/kg), metformin (100 mg/kg), or a vehicle for the last four weeks. The MS rats exhibited signs of MS, hypertrophy of adipocytes, impaired liver function, and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling. These abnormalities were alleviated by galangin (p < 0.05). Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations and expression were high in the plasma and cardiac tissue in the MS rats, and these markers were suppressed by galangin (p < 0.05). These treatments also alleviated the low levels of adiponectin and oxidative stress induced by an HF diet in rats. The downregulation of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression were recovered in the galangin-treated groups. Metformin produced similar effects to galangin. In conclusion, galangin reduced cardiometabolic disorders in MS rats. These effects might be linked to the suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress and the restoration of AdipoR1, COX-2, and NF-κB expression.
Collapse
|
371
|
Aslam M, Syed NIH, Jahan S. Effect of Caralluma tuberculata on regulation of carbohydrate metabolizing genes in alloxan-induced rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113897. [PMID: 33567306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caralluma tuberculata (C. tuberculata) has traditionally been used in Pakistan and other parts of the world as a folk treatment for diabetes mellitus. A few studies indicated its antihyperglycemic effect, however, the mystery remained unfolded as how did it modify the pathophysiological condition. AIM OF STUDY Hence, this study aimed to explore underlying mechanism(s) for its hypoglycemic activity at biochemical and molecular levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol extract (ME) of C. tuberculata as well as its hexane (HF) and aqueous (AF) fractions were explored for their effect on total glycogen in liver and skeletal muscle of alloxan-induced rats by spectroscopy. Moreover, the expression of genes related to hepatic carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes was quantified. At molecular level, mRNA expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), glycogen synthase (GS), glucokinase (GK), hexokinase 1 (HK-1), pyruvate kinase (PK), glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6 phosphatase (G-6-Pase) was determined by using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) after administration of ME (350 mg), HF(3 mg), AF (10 mg) and metformin (500 mg). The doses were administered twice daily according to per kg of body weight. RESULTS A significant reduction in hepatic and skeletal muscle glycogen content was exhibited. The data of qRT-PCR revealed that gene's expression of GLUT-2 was significantly decreased after treatment with ME and HF, whilst it was unaltered by AF, however, a significant decrease was observed in genes corresponding to GS, GK and HK-1 after treatment with ME. Similarly, there was a significant decrease in expression of genes corresponding to GS, GK and HK-1 following treatment with HF. Surprisingly, post-treatment with AF didn't modify the gene's expression of GS and GK, whilst it caused a profound decrease in expression of HK-1 gene. Contrarily, the expression of gene related to PK was significantly up-regulated post-administration with ME, HF and AF. The expression levels of G-6-PDH, however, remained unaltered after treatment with the experimental extract and fractions of the plant. In addition, HF and AF did not cause any modification in PEPCK, whereas ME caused a significant down-regulation of the gene. Treatment with all the extract and fractions of the plant caused a substantial decrease in the gene's expression of PC, while there was a significant increase in the expression of gene related to G-6-Pase. CONCLUSION The three experimental extract and fractions caused a substantial decrease in glycogen content in liver and skeletal muscle tissues. The analysis by qRT-PCR showed that glucose transport via GLUT-2 was profoundly declined by ME and HF. The expression of genes related to various metabolic pathways involved in metabolism of carbohydrate in hepatocytes revealed explicitly that the ME, HF and AF decreased the phenomena of glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis. Contrarily, all the extract and fractions of the plant activated glycogenolysis and glycolysis but did not modify the pentose phosphate shunt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aslam
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Old Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Nawazish-I-Husain Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Old Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Jahan
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
372
|
Tang N, Wu Y, Chen Y, Chen Q, Wu W, Jing J, Cai L. Association between postpartum low-carbohydrate-diet scores and glucose levels in Chinese women. Nutrition 2021; 89:111305. [PMID: 34166894 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Views on the relationship between a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and glucose levels are controversial, and no study, to our knowledge, has examined this association in postpartum women. We aimed to explore the association between postpartum LCD scores and glucose levels. METHODS We included 500 postpartum women from a prospective cohort study in Guangzhou, China, during 2017 and 2018. Dietary information during the first month after delivery was assessed via a validated food frequency questionnaire. The overall, animal, and plant LCD scores were determined based on percentages of energy from carbohydrate, protein, and fat. Higher scores reflected higher intakes of fat and protein and lower intakes of carbohydrate. At 6 to 8 wk postpartum, women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus underwent oral glucose tolerance tests (n = 104), and the others had fasting plasma glucose (FPG) tests (n = 396). Multivariable linear, quantile, and logistic regressions were conducted. RESULTS Of the 500 participants, 71 (14.20%) developed impaired fasting glucose. Animal LCD score was positively associated with FPG levels (β = 0.007, P = 0.017), but quantile regression showed that LCD scores were related to FPG only in women with lower FPG levels; they had no significant association in those with higher FPG levels. No significant interaction effect on FPG was found between LCD scores and history of gestational diabetes mellitus (Pinteraction > 0.40). Furthermore, the relationships between the three LCD scores and risk of developing impaired fasting glucose were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Animal LCD score during puerperium may be positively associated with FPG levels in the early postpartum period in Chinese women, but no interactions with history of gestational diabetes mellitus were observed. Stronger associations were observed in women with lower FPG levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nu Tang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sociology, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China; Center for Asian & Pacific Economic & Social Development, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijia Wu
- Department of Scientific Research, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
373
|
Lei C, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhao B, Liu P, Kong Z, Liu D, Dai C, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma W. Prognostic Prediction Model for Glioblastoma: A Metabolic Gene Signature and Independent External Validation. J Cancer 2021; 12:3796-3808. [PMID: 34093788 PMCID: PMC8176239 DOI: 10.7150/jca.53827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant intracranial tumor and closely related to metabolic alteration. However, few accepted prognostic models are currently available, especially models based on metabolic genes. Methods: The transcriptome data were obtained for all of the patients diagnosed with GBM from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) (training cohort, n=369) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (validation cohort, n=152) with the following variables: age at diagnosis, sex, follow-up and overall survival (OS). Metabolic genes according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were contracted, and a Lasso regression model was constructed. Survival was assessed by univariate or multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis, and an independent external validation was also conducted to examine the model. Results: There were 341 metabolic genes showed significant differences between normal brain and GBM tissues in both the training and validation cohorts, among which 56 genes were dramatically correlated to the OS of patients. Lasso regression revealed that the metabolic prognostic model was composed of 18 genes, including COX10, COMT, and GPX2 with protective effects, as well as OCRL and RRM2 with unfavorable effects. Patients classified as high-risk by the risk score from this model had markedly shorter OS than low-risk patients (P<0.0001), and this significant result was also observed in independent external validation (P<0.001). Conclusions: The prognosis of GBM was dramatically related to metabolic pathways, and our metabolic prognostic model had high accuracy and application value in predicting the OS of GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiang Lei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Binghao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Penghao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Congxin Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
374
|
Wu L, Jiao Y, Li Y, Jiang J, Zhao L, Li M, Li B, Yan Z, Chen X, Li X, Lu Y. Hepatic Gadd45β promotes hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance through DNA demethylation of PGC-1α. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20201475. [PMID: 33688917 PMCID: PMC7953268 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20201475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although widely used for their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, the prescription of glucocorticoid analogues (e.g., dexamethasone) has been associated with deleterious glucose metabolism, compromising their long-term therapeutic use. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. In the present study, through transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis of two mouse models, we identified a growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible β (Gadd45β)-dependent pathway that stimulates hepatic glucose production (HGP). Functional studies showed that overexpression of Gadd45β in vivo or in cultured hepatocytes activates gluconeogenesis and increases HGP. In contrast, liver-specific Gadd45β-knockout mice were resistant to high-fat diet- or steroid-induced hyperglycemia. Of pathophysiological significance, hepatic Gadd45β expression is up-regulated in several mouse models of obesity and diabetic patients. Mechanistically, Gadd45β promotes DNA demethylation of PGC-1α promoter in conjunction with TET1, thereby stimulating PGC-1α expression to promote gluconeogenesis and hyperglycemia. Collectively, these findings unveil an epigenomic signature involving Gadd45β/TET1/DNA demethylation in hepatic glucose metabolism, enabling the identification of pathogenic factors in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghui Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
375
|
Korenfeld N, Finkel M, Buchshtab N, Bar-Shimon M, Charni-Natan M, Goldstein I. Fasting Hormones Synergistically Induce Amino Acid Catabolism Genes to Promote Gluconeogenesis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1021-1036. [PMID: 33957303 PMCID: PMC8346669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gluconeogenesis from amino acids (AAs) maintains glucose homeostasis during fasting. Although glucagon is known to regulate AA catabolism, the contribution of other hormones to it and the scope of transcriptional regulation dictating AA catabolism are unknown. We explored the role of the fasting hormones glucagon and glucocorticoids in transcriptional regulation of AA catabolism genes and AA-dependent gluconeogenesis. METHODS We tested the RNA expression of AA catabolism genes and glucose production in primary mouse hepatocytes treated with fasting hormones (glucagon, corticosterone) and feeding hormones (insulin, fibroblast growth factor 19). We analyzed genomic data of chromatin accessibility and chromatin immunoprecipitation in mice and primary mouse hepatocytes. We performed chromatin immunoprecipitation in livers of fasted mice to show binding of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). RESULTS Fasting induced the expression of 31 genes with various roles in AA catabolism. Of them, 15 were synergistically induced by co-treatment of glucagon and corticosterone. Synergistic gene expression relied on the activity of both CREB and GR and was abolished by treatment with either insulin or fibroblast growth factor 19. Enhancers adjacent to synergistically induced genes became more accessible and were bound by CREB and GR on fasting. Akin to the gene expression pattern, gluconeogenesis from AAs was synergistically induced by glucagon and corticosterone in a CREB- and GR-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptional regulation of AA catabolism genes during fasting is widespread and is driven by glucagon (via CREB) and corticosterone (via GR). Glucose production in hepatocytes is also synergistically augmented, showing that glucagon alone is insufficient in fully activating gluconeogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noga Korenfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Finkel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nufar Buchshtab
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meirav Bar-Shimon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meital Charni-Natan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ido Goldstein
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition. Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
376
|
Liu QH, Tang JW, Wen PB, Wang MM, Zhang X, Wang L. From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes: Insights Into the Molecular Structure of Glycogen Particles. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673315. [PMID: 33996916 PMCID: PMC8116748 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is a highly-branched polysaccharide that is widely distributed across the three life domains. It has versatile functions in physiological activities such as energy reserve, osmotic regulation, blood glucose homeostasis, and pH maintenance. Recent research also confirms that glycogen plays important roles in longevity and cognition. Intrinsically, glycogen function is determined by its structure that has been intensively studied for many years. The recent association of glycogen α-particle fragility with diabetic conditions further strengthens the importance of glycogen structure in its function. By using improved glycogen extraction procedures and a series of advanced analytical techniques, the fine molecular structure of glycogen particles in human beings and several model organisms such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Rat rattus have been characterized. However, there are still many unknowns about the assembly mechanisms of glycogen particles, the dynamic changes of glycogen structures, and the composition of glycogen associated proteins (glycogen proteome). In this review, we explored the recent progresses in glycogen studies with a focus on the structure of glycogen particles, which may not only provide insights into glycogen functions, but also facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
377
|
Moriggi M, Belloli S, Barbacini P, Murtaj V, Torretta E, Chaabane L, Canu T, Penati S, Malosio ML, Esposito A, Gelfi C, Moresco RM, Capitanio D. Skeletal Muscle Proteomic Profile Revealed Gender-Related Metabolic Responses in a Diet-Induced Obesity Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094680. [PMID: 33925229 PMCID: PMC8125379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, complex pathology associated with a risk of developing secondary pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and musculoskeletal disorders. Since skeletal muscle accounts for more than 70% of total glucose disposal, metabolic alterations are strictly associated with the onset of insulin resistance and T2DM. The present study relies on the proteomic analysis of gastrocnemius muscle from 15 male and 15 female C56BL/J mice fed for 14 weeks with standard, 45% or 60% high-fat diets (HFD) adopting a label-free LC–MS/MS approach followed by bioinformatic pathway analysis. Results indicate changes in males due to HFD, with increased muscular stiffness (Col1a1, Col1a2, Actb), fiber-type switch from slow/oxidative to fast/glycolytic (decreased Myh7, Myl2, Myl3 and increased Myh2, Mylpf, Mybpc2, Myl1), increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (decreased respiratory chain complex I and V and increased complex III subunits). At variance, females show few alterations and activation of compensatory mechanisms to counteract the increase of fatty acids. Bioinformatics analysis allows identifying upstream molecules involved in regulating pathways identified at variance in our analysis (Ppargc1a, Pparg, Cpt1b, Clpp, Tp53, Kdm5a, Hif1a). These findings underline the presence of a gender-specific response to be considered when approaching obesity and related comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Moriggi
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Pietro Barbacini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Valentina Murtaj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | | | - Linda Chaabane
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Tamara Canu
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
| | - Silvia Penati
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Malosio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; (S.P.); (M.L.M.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Humanitas Mirasole S.p.A, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Experimental Imaging Center, Preclinical Imaging Facility, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; (L.C.); (T.C.); (A.E.)
- Experimental Imaging Center, Radiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (S.B.); (R.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Capitanio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy; (P.B.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250330411
| |
Collapse
|
378
|
Lin HL, Cheng PW, Tu YC, Yeh BC, Wu BN, Shen KP. The effectiveness comparisons of eugenosedin-A, glibenclamide and pioglitazone on diabetes mellitus induced by STZ/NA and high-fat diet in SHR. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:835-845. [PMID: 33779726 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eugenosedin-A (Eu-A), an adrenergic and serotonergic antagonist, is known to have anti-metabolic syndrome effects. In this study, we evaluated its protective effects against diabetes mellitus (DM) in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and compared it with two anti-diabetes medications, glibenclamide (Gli) and pioglitazone (Pio). METHODS We divided 10-week-old SHRs into five groups: a control group fed a normal diet; an untreated DM group induced by injecting the SHRs with STZ/NA and feeding them a high-fat diet (HFD); and three treated groups (after giving STZ/NA and HFD) gavage given with Eu-A, Gli or Pio (5 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks. KEY FINDINGS The untreated DM group weighed less and had hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. They were also found to have aberrant glucose-dependent insulin pathways, glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis proteins, while the controls did not. Eu-A, Gli and Pio ameliorated the above biochemical parameters in the treatment groups. Eu-A and Pio, but not Gli, improved hypertension and tachycardia. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, Eu-A ameliorated DM, hypertension and tachycardia by improving glucose, lipid homeostasis and anti-adrenergic, serotonergic activities. We concluded that Eu-A could be used in the development of an effective agent for controlling DM and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tu
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Culture and Innovation, National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ping Shen
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
379
|
Lewis GF, Carpentier AC, Pereira S, Hahn M, Giacca A. Direct and indirect control of hepatic glucose production by insulin. Cell Metab 2021; 33:709-720. [PMID: 33765416 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is general agreement that the acute suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin is mediated by both a direct and an indirect effect on the liver. There is, however, no consensus regarding the relative magnitude of these effects under physiological conditions. Extensive research over the past three decades in humans and animal models has provided discordant results between these two modes of insulin action. Here, we review the field to make the case that physiologically direct hepatic insulin action dominates acute suppression of glucose production, but that there is also a delayed, second order regulation of this process via extrahepatic effects. We further provide our views regarding the timing, dominance, and physiological relevance of these effects and discuss novel concepts regarding insulin regulation of adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism and central nervous system (CNS) signaling to the liver, as regulators of insulin's extrahepatic effects on glucose production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary F Lewis
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Andre C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Hahn
- Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adria Giacca
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Banting & Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
380
|
Tippairote T, Bjørklund G, Yaovapak A. The continuum of disrupted metabolic tempo, mitochondrial substrate congestion, and metabolic gridlock toward the development of non-communicable diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6837-6853. [PMID: 33797995 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1907299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the slow-motion disasters with imminent global health care burden. The current dietary management for NCD is dominated by the calorie balance model. Apart from the quantitative balance of calorie, healthy bioenergetics requires temporal eating and fasting rhythms, and the subsequent switching for different metabolic fuels. We herein term these three bioenergetic attributes, i.e., caloric balance, diurnal eating-fasting rhythm, and metabolic flexibility, as the metabolic tempo. These three attributes are intertwined with each other; alteration of one attribute affects one or more other attributes. Lifestyle-induced disrupted metabolic tempo presents a high flux of mixed carbon substrates to mitochondria, with the resulting congestion and indecisiveness of metabolic switches. Such indecisiveness impairs metabolic flexibility, promotes anabolism, and accumulates the energy storage pools. The triggers from hypoxic inducible factor expression could further promote the metabolic gridlock and adipocyte maladaptation. The maladaptive adipocytes lead to ectopic fat deposition, increased circulating lipid levels, insulin resistance, and chronic systemic inflammation. These continuum set stages for clinical NCDs. We propose that the restoration of all tempo attributes through the combined diet-, time-, and calorie-restricted interventions could be the preferred strategy for NCD management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Torsak Tippairote
- Nutritional and Environmental Section, Thailand Initiatives for Functional Medicine, Bangkok Thailand.,Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Healing Passion Medical Center, Bangkok Thailand
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Augchara Yaovapak
- Nutritional and Environmental Section, Thailand Initiatives for Functional Medicine, Bangkok Thailand.,Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Healing Passion Medical Center, Bangkok Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
381
|
Tardelli M, Stulnig TM. Aquaporin regulation in metabolic organs. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 112:71-93. [PMID: 32061350 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of 13 small trans-membrane proteins, which facilitate shuttling of glycerol, water and urea. The peculiar role of AQPs in glycerol transport makes them attractive targets in metabolic organs since glycerol represents the backbone of triglyceride synthesis. Importantly, AQPs are known to be regulated by various nuclear receptors which in turn govern lipid and glucose metabolism as well as inflammatory cascades. Here, we review the role of AQPs regulation in metabolic organs exploring their physiological impact in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tardelli
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Joan & Sanford I. Weill Cornell Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States; Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas M Stulnig
- Clinical Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
382
|
Nakitto AMS, Muyonga JH, Byaruhanga YB, Wagner AE. Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2021; 26:2044. [PMID: 33918509 PMCID: PMC8038283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - John H. Muyonga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Anika E. Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
383
|
Zeigerer A, Sekar R, Kleinert M, Nason S, Habegger KM, Müller TD. Glucagon's Metabolic Action in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 11:1759-1783. [PMID: 33792899 PMCID: PMC8513137 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Discovered almost simultaneously with insulin, glucagon is a pleiotropic hormone with metabolic action that goes far beyond its classical role to increase blood glucose. Albeit best known for its ability to directly act on the liver to increase de novo glucose production and to inhibit glycogen breakdown, glucagon lowers body weight by decreasing food intake and by increasing metabolic rate. Glucagon further promotes lipolysis and lipid oxidation and has positive chronotropic and inotropic effects in the heart. Interestingly, recent decades have witnessed a remarkable renaissance of glucagon's biology with the acknowledgment that glucagon has pharmacological value beyond its classical use as rescue medication to treat severe hypoglycemia. In this article, we summarize the multifaceted nature of glucagon with a special focus on its hepatic action and discuss the pharmacological potential of either agonizing or antagonizing the glucagon receptor for health and disease. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1759-1783, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Zeigerer
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Revathi Sekar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shelly Nason
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kirk M. Habegger
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine - Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Timo D. Müller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
384
|
He C, Jia X, Zhang L, Gao F, Jiang W, Wen C, Chi C, Li X, Jiang G, Mi H, Liu W, Zhang D. Dietary berberine can ameliorate glucose metabolism disorder of Megalobrama amblycephala exposed to a high-carbohydrate diet. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:499-513. [PMID: 33501601 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00927-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) were randomly assigned into three diets: normal-carbohydrate diet (NCD, 30% carbohydrate, w/w), high-carbohydrate diet (HCD, 43% carbohydrate), and HCB (HCD supplemented with 50 mg/kg berberine (BBR)). After 10 weeks' feeding trial, the results showed that higher levels of plasma glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol were observed in HCD-fed fish than in NCD-fed fish, while HCB feeding significantly ameliorated this effect. Moreover, HCB feeding remarkably reversed HCD-induced hepatic glycogen and lipid contents. In insulin signaling, BBR inclusion restored HCD-induced suppression of insulin receptor substrate mRNA expression and elevation of forkhead transcription factor 1 mRNA expression. In glucose metabolism, upregulated glucose transporter 2 and glycogen synthase mRNA expressions in the HCD group were observed compared to the NCD group. However, BBR adding reduced the mRNA expressions of glycogen synthase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and glucose-6-phosphatase and increased the transcriptional levels of glucose transporter 2 and pyruvate kinase. In lipid metabolism, BBR supplementation could reverse downregulated hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase I mRNA expression and upregulated hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase mRNA expressions in the HCD group. Taken together, it demonstrates that BBR could improve glucose metabolism of this species via enhancing liver's glycolysis and insulin signaling, while inhibiting liver's glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis. It also indicates that BBR could reduce the metabolic burden of the liver by inhibiting fat synthesis and promoting lipid decomposition, and then enhance fat uptake in peripheral tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Chi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guangzhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Company Limited, No. 588 Middle Section of Tianfu Avenue, Chengdu Hi-Tech Zone, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dingdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
385
|
Carpentier AC. 100 th anniversary of the discovery of insulin perspective: insulin and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E653-E670. [PMID: 33522398 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00620.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin inhibits systemic nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) flux to a greater degree than glucose or any other metabolite. This remarkable effect is mainly due to insulin-mediated inhibition of intracellular triglyceride (TG) lipolysis in adipose tissues and is essential to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis, but also to limit the potential lipotoxic effects of NEFA in lean tissues that contribute to the development of diabetes complications. Insulin also regulates adipose tissue fatty acid esterification, glycerol and TG synthesis, lipogenesis, and possibly oxidation, contributing to the trapping of dietary fatty acids in the postprandial state. Excess NEFA flux at a given insulin level has been used to define in vivo adipose tissue insulin resistance. Adipose tissue insulin resistance defined in this fashion has been associated with several dysmetabolic features and complications of diabetes, but the mechanistic significance of this concept is not fully understood. This review focusses on the in vivo regulation of adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism by insulin and the mechanistic significance of the current definition of adipose tissue insulin resistance. One hundred years after the discovery of insulin and despite decades of investigations, much is still to be understood about the multifaceted in vivo actions of this hormone on adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
386
|
Al-Yousif N, Rawal S, Jurczak M, Mahmud H, Shah FA. Endogenous Glucose Production in Critical Illness. Nutr Clin Pract 2021; 36:344-359. [PMID: 33682953 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of endogenous glucose production (EGP) by hormonal, neuronal, and metabolic signaling pathways contributes to the maintenance of euglycemia under normal physiologic conditions. EGP is defined by the generation of glucose from substrates through glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, usually in fasted states, for local and systemic use. Abnormal increases in EGP are noted in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, and elevated EGP may also impact the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and congestive heart failure. In this narrative review, we performed a literature search in PubMed to identify recently published English language articles characterizing EGP in critical illness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies demonstrates that critical illness can disrupt EGP through multiple mechanisms including increased systemic inflammation, counterregulatory hormone and catecholamine release, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, insulin resistance, lactic acidosis, and iatrogenic insults such as vasopressors and glucocorticoids administered as part of clinical care. EGP contributes to hyperglycemia in critical illness when abnormally elevated and to hypoglycemia when abnormally depressed, each of which has been independently associated with increased mortality. Increased EGP may also promote protein catabolism that could worsen critical illness myopathy and impede recovery. Better understanding of the mechanisms and factors contributing to dysregulated EGP in critical illness may help in the development of therapeutic strategies that promote euglycemia, reduce intensive care unit-associated catabolism, and improve patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nameer Al-Yousif
- Department of Internal Medicine, UPMC Mercy Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sagar Rawal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hussain Mahmud
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Faraaz Ali Shah
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
387
|
ATP reduces mitochondrial MECR protein in liver of diet-induced obese mice in mechanism of insulin resistance. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:224917. [PMID: 32440681 PMCID: PMC7273911 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial 2-enoyl-acyl-carrier protein reductase (MECR) is an enzyme in the mitochondrial fatty acid synthase (mtFAS) pathway. MECR activity remains unknown in the mechanism of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, MECR activity was investigated in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Mecr mRNA was induced by insulin in cell culture, and was elevated in the liver of DIO mice in the presence hyperinsulinemia. However, MECR protein was decreased in the liver of DIO mice, and the reduction was blocked by treatment of the DIO mice with berberine (BBR). The mechanism of MECR protein regulation was investigated with a focus on ATP. The protein was decreased in the cell lysate and DIO liver by an increase in ATP levels. The ATP protein reduction was blocked in the liver of BBR-treated mice by suppression of ATP elevation. The MECR protein reduction was associated with insulin resistance and the protein restoration was associated with improvement of insulin sensitivity by BBR in the DIO mice. The data suggest that MECR protein is regulated in hepatocytes by ATP in association with insulin resistance. The study provides evidence for a relationship between MECR protein and insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
388
|
Mooli RGR, Rodriguez J, Takahashi S, Solanki S, Gonzalez FJ, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM. Hypoxia via ERK Signaling Inhibits Hepatic PPARα to Promote Fatty Liver. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:585-597. [PMID: 33798787 PMCID: PMC8258975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease associated with comorbidities such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Chronic activation of hypoxic signaling, in particular, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)2α, promotes NAFLD progression by repressing genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation through unclear mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed the precise mechanism by which HIF2α promotes fatty liver and its physiological relevance in metabolic homeostasis. METHODS Primary hepatocytes from VHL (VhlΔHep) and PPARα (Ppara-null) knockout mice that were loaded with fatty acids, murine dietary protocols to induce hepatic steatosis, and fasting-refeeding dietary regimen approaches were used to test our hypothesis. RESULTS Inhibiting autophagy using chloroquine did not decrease lipid contents in VhlΔHep primary hepatocytes. Inhibition of ERK using MEK inhibitor decreased lipid contents in primary hepatocytes from a genetic model of constitutive HIF activation and primary hepatocytes loaded with free fatty acids. Moreover, MEK-ERK inhibition potentiated ligand-dependent activation of PPARα. We also show that MEK-ERK inhibition improved diet-induced hepatic steatosis, which is associated with the induction of PPARα target genes. During fasting, fatty acid β-oxidation is induced by PPARα, and refeeding inhibits β-oxidation. Our data show that ERK is involved in the post-prandial repression of hepatic PPARα signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrate that ERK activated by hypoxia signaling plays a crucial role in fatty acid β-oxidation genes by repressing hepatocyte PPARα signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| |
Collapse
|
389
|
Shimizu K, Ogiya Y, Yoshinaga K, Kimura H, Michinaga S, Ono M, Taketomi A, Terada T, Sakurai F, Mizuguchi H, Tomita K, Nishinaka T. ZFAND3 Overexpression in the Mouse Liver Improves Glucose Tolerance and Hepatic Insulin Resistance. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2021; 130:254-261. [PMID: 33782927 DOI: 10.1055/a-1400-2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 300 loci associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanisms underlying their role in type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility remain largely unknown. Zinc finger AN1-type domain 3 (ZFAND3), known as testis-expressed sequence 27, is a type 2 diabetes mellitus-susceptibility gene. Limited information is available regarding the physiological role of ZFAND3 in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the association between ZFAND3 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. ZFAND3 was significantly upregulated in the liver of diabetic mice compared to wild-type mice. To overexpress ZFAND3, we generated a ZFAND3-expressing adenovirus (Ad) vector using an improved Ad vector exhibiting significantly lower hepatotoxicity (Ad-ZFAND3). Glucose tolerance was significantly improved in Ad-ZFAND3-treated mice compared to the control Ad-treated mice. ZFAND3 overexpression in the mouse liver also improved insulin resistance. Furthermore, gluconeogenic gene expression was significantly lower in primary mouse hepatocytes transduced with Ad-ZFAND3 than those transduced with the control Ad vector. The present results suggest that ZFAND3 improves glucose tolerance by improving insulin resistance and suppressing gluconeogenesis, serving as a potential novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kahori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Ogiya
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaede Yoshinaga
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hajime Kimura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Michinaga
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Moe Ono
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayako Taketomi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Terada
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Hepatocyte Differentiation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tomita
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Nishinaka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
390
|
Konda PY, Chennupati V, Dasari S, Sharma N, Muthulingam M, Ramakrishnan R, Sade A, Jagadheeshkumar V, Natesan V, Jaiswal KK. Ethno-pharmacological insulin signaling induction of aqueous extract of Syzygium paniculatum fruits in a high-fat diet induced hepatic insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113576. [PMID: 33171270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The ethnopharmacological significance of the fruits of Syzygium paniculatum Gaertn (Magenta Cherry) is widely recognized in the Indian traditional medicine system to treat various disorders, such as diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular problems. AIM OF THE STUDY This research work investigated the supplementation of the aqueous extract of S. paniculatum fruit (AESPF) on liver function; the molecular effects on the expression of the protein of insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in high-fat diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in the rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS High-fat diet was used to induce obesity in albino Wistar for 120 days. Biochemical, enzymatic, and histopathological analysis, as well as analysis of hepatic insulin resistance proteins and expression of IRS-1, were performed. RESULTS The supplementation of AESPF with a dose of 100 mg/kg bw significantly reduced bodyweight, blood sugar, insulin, lipid profiles, and liver enzymes. Hepatic insulin resistance was improved with a reduced level of IR and IRS-1 to protein levels. HFD alters the sensitivity of hepatocytes to insulin due to the down-regulation of insulin receptor proteins. CONCLUSIONS The fruits of S. paniculatum possess biological activities to alleviate all risky effects by regulating hepatic lipogenesis activity that can be used in the progress of medication for HFD-induced hepatic insulin resistance and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vidyasagar Chennupati
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Sreenivasulu Dasari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Nishesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 007, India
| | - Muthukumaran Muthulingam
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, 605 014, India
| | - Ranjani Ramakrishnan
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | - Ankanna Sade
- Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, 517 502, India
| | | | - Vijayakumar Natesan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, 608 002, India.
| | - Krishna Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248 007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
391
|
Di Magno L, Manni S, Di Pastena F, Coni S, Macone A, Cairoli S, Sambucci M, Infante P, Moretti M, Petroni M, Nicoletti C, Capalbo C, De Smaele E, Di Marcotullio L, Giannini G, Battistini L, Goffredo BM, Iorio E, Agostinelli E, Maroder M, Canettieri G. Phenformin Inhibits Hedgehog-Dependent Tumor Growth through a Complex I-Independent Redox/Corepressor Module. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1735-1752.e7. [PMID: 32049007 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antidiabetic drug phenformin displays potent anticancer activity in different tumors, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. Using Shh medulloblastoma as model, we show here that at clinically relevant concentrations, phenformin elicits a significant therapeutic effect through a redox-dependent but complex I-independent mechanism. Phenformin inhibits mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGPD), a component of the glycerophosphate shuttle, and causes elevations of intracellular NADH content. Inhibition of mGPD mimics phenformin action and promotes an association between corepressor CtBP2 and Gli1, thereby inhibiting Hh transcriptional output and tumor growth. Because ablation of CtBP2 abrogates the therapeutic effect of phenformin in mice, these data illustrate a biguanide-mediated redox/corepressor interplay, which may represent a relevant target for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Di Magno
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Manni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fiorella Di Pastena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Coni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Macone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cairoli
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of metabolic Biochemistry, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manolo Sambucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimmunology Unit, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Infante
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Moretti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marialaura Petroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Nicoletti
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico De Smaele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Battistini
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Neuroimmunology Unit, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Goffredo
- Division of Metabolism and Research Unit of metabolic Biochemistry, Children's Hospital and Research Institute Bambino Gesù IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Agostinelli
- Department of Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, 00159 Rome, Italy
| | - Marella Maroder
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Canettieri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci-Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; International Polyamines Foundation-ONLUS, 00159 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
392
|
Yang Z, Mi J, Wang Y, Xue L, Liu J, Fan M, Zhang D, Wang L, Qian H, Li Y. Effects of low-carbohydrate diet and ketogenic diet on glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice. Nutrition 2021; 89:111230. [PMID: 33838492 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the prevalence of diabetes worldwide, it is urgent to find a suitable treatment. Recently, the ketogenic diet has shown beneficial effects in reducing blood glucose, but some concerns have been raised about its probable side effects, such as hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Because a low-carbohydrate diet replaces part of the fat with carbohydrates on the basis of the ketogenic diet, we would like to know whether it does better in treating type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of a low-carbohydrate diet as a substitute for a ketogenic diet intervention in mice with type 2 diabetes. METHODS C57 BL/6 J mice with type 2 diabetes, constructed by a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin, were fed a standard diet, a high-fat diet, a low-carbohydrate diet, or a ketogenic diet for 14 wk, respectively. Then glucose and insulin tolerance tests were conducted. At the end of the study, blood and liver samples were collected and analyzed for serum biochemical indicators, histopathologic evaluation, hepatic lipid and glycogen content, and expression levels of mRNA and protein. RESULTS Reduced blood glucose could be observed in both low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets, as well as improvement in glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. However, the ketogenic diet decreased liver glycogen content and promoted gluconeogenesis. Mechanistically, this effect was due to inhibition of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, which could be improved by a low-carbohydrate diet. Regarding lipid metabolism, the ketogenic diet increased lipid oxidation and reduced de novo lipogenesis, but the hepatic lipid content still inevitably increased. On the contrary, the low-carbohydrate diet reduced triacylglycerols and markers of liver damage. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings suggest that both diets are effective in lowering blood glucose, improving glucose tolerance, and raising insulin sensitivity. Moreover, the low-carbohydrate diet plays a role in inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and improving lipid metabolism. The results suggest that the two diets have different effects on glucose and lipid metabolism, and that the low-carbohydrate diet might have more benefits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyi Mi
- Wuxi 9th People's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
393
|
Guo S, Wu K, Li C, Wang H, Sun Z, Xi D, Zhang S, Ding W, Zaghloul ME, Wang C, Castro FA, Yang D, Zhao Y. Integrated contact lens sensor system based on multifunctional ultrathin MoS 2 transistors. MATTER 2021; 4:969-985. [PMID: 33398259 PMCID: PMC7773002 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Smart contact lenses attract extensive interests due to their capability of directly monitoring physiological and ambient information. However, previous demonstrations usually lacked efficient sensor modalities, facile fabrication process, mechanical stability, or biocompatibility. Here, we demonstrate a flexible approach for fabrication of multifunctional smart contact lenses with an ultrathin MoS2 transistors-based serpentine mesh sensor system. The integrated sensor systems contain a photodetector for receiving optical information, a glucose sensor for monitoring glucose level directly from tear fluid, and a temperature sensor for diagnosing potential corneal disease. Unlike traditional sensors and circuit chips sandwiched in the lens substrate, this serpentine mesh sensor system can be directly mounted onto the lenses and maintain direct contact with tears, delivering high detection sensitivity, while being mechanically robust and not interfering with either blinking or vision. Furthermore, the in vitro cytotoxicity tests reveal good biocompatibility, thus holding promise as next-generation soft electronics for healthcare and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Guo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kaijin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Athioula A. Martins Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Dawei Xi
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Mona E Zaghloul
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Changning Wang
- Athioula A. Martins Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Fernando A Castro
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| | - Dong Yang
- Athioula A. Martins Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
394
|
Guo X, Sun Z, Jiang S, Jin X, Wang H. Identification and validation of a two-gene metabolic signature for survival prediction in patients with kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:8276-8289. [PMID: 33686951 PMCID: PMC8034923 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming contributes to the high mortality of advanced stage kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), the most common renal cancer subtype. This study aimed to identify a metabolism-related gene (MRG) signature to improve survival prediction in KIRC patients. We downloaded RNA sequencing data and corresponding clinical information for KIRC and control samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and identified, based on an MRG dataset in the Molecular Signatures Database, 123 MRGs with differential expression in KIRC. Following Cox regression analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator selection, RRM2 and ALDH6A1 were identified as prognosis-related genes and used to construct a prognostic signature with independent prognostic significance. After risk score-based patient separation, stratified survival analysis indicated that high-risk patients showed poorer overall survival than low-risk patients. We then constructed a clinical nomogram that showed a concordance index of 0.774 and good performance based upon calibration curves. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed several metabolic pathways significantly enriched in the target genes. The two-gene metabolic signature identified herein may represent a highly valuable tool for KIRC prognosis prediction, and might also help identify new metabolism-related biomarkers and therapeutic targets for KIRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuolun Sun
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaobo Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Xunbo Jin
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Hanbo Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
395
|
Sreelekshmi M, Raghu KG. Vanillic acid mitigates the impairments in glucose metabolism in HepG2 cells through BAD-GK interaction during hyperinsulinemia. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:1-8. [PMID: 33651899 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glucokinase (GK), a key regulator of hepatic glucose metabolism in the liver and glucose sensor and mediator in the secretion of insulin in the pancreas, is not studied in detail for its therapeutic application in diabetes. Herein, we study the alteration in GK activity during hyperinsulinemia-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. We also investigated the link between GK and Bcl-2-associated death receptor (BAD) during hyperinsulinemia. There are emerging demands for GK activators from natural resources, and we selected vanillic acid (VA) to evaluate its potential as GK activators during hyperinsulinemia in HepG2 cells. VA is a phenolic compound and a commonly used food additive in many food industries. We found that VA safeguarded GK inhibition during hyperinsulinemia significantly in HepG2 cells. VA also prevented the depletion of glycogen synthesis during hyperinsulinemia, which is evident from protein expression studies of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, glycogen synthase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. This was associated with activation of BAD activity, which was also confirmed by Western blotting. Molecular docking revealed strong binding between GK active site and VA, supporting their strong interaction. These are the first in vitro data to indicate the beneficial properties of VA with respect to insulin resistance induced by hyperinsulinemia by GK activation. Since it is activated via BAD, the hypoglycemia associated with general GK activation is not expected here and therefore has significant implications for future therapies against diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Sreelekshmi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Biochemistry and Molecular Mechanism Laboratory, Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
396
|
Wang S, Li X, Chong SY, Wang X, Chen H, Chen C, Ng LG, Wang JW, Liu B. In Vivo Three-Photon Imaging of Lipids using Ultrabright Fluorogens with Aggregation-Induced Emission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007490. [PMID: 33576084 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes capable of in vivo lipids labeling are highly desirable for studying lipid-accumulation-related metabolic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type-2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. However, most of the current lipid-specific fluorophores cannot be used for in vivo labeling due to their strong hydrophobicity. Herein, organic dots from bright luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgen) are developed for in vivo labeling and three-photon fluorescence imaging of lipid-rich tissues, such as fatty liver, atherosclerotic plaques in brain vasculatures, and carotid arteries. The organic dots show excellent stability in an aqueous medium with high targeting specificity to lipids and strong three-photon fluorescence in the far-red/near-infrared (NIR) region under NIR-II laser excitation, which enables efficient in vivo labeling and imaging of lipids in deep tissues. The study will inspire the development of lipid-targeting fluorophores for in vivo applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xueqi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Suet Yen Chong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengjian Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
397
|
Wang Y, Guan Y, Xue L, Liu J, Yang Z, Nie C, Yan Y, Liu S, Sun J, Fan M, Qian H, Ying H, Li Y, Wang L. L-Arabinose suppresses gluconeogenesis through modulating AMP-activated protein kinase in metabolic disorder mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1745-1756. [PMID: 33502423 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02163f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
l-Arabinose is a kind of plant-specific five-carbon aldose with benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has been shown to have good properties in improving glucose homeostasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not clear. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is critical for regulating glucose homeostasis. Here, this study aimed to investigate whether l-arabinose could improve glucose metabolism via suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis. High-fat-high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) or high-sucrose diet (HSD)-fed mice were supplemented with or without l-arabinose for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured and glucose tolerance test and the histological analysis were performed after l-arabinose administration. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression levels were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. As expected, l-arabinose apparently decreased body weight and attenuated hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance caused by HFHSD or HSD. l-Arabinose also had beneficial effects on glycogen synthesis by inactivating GSK3β. The expression levels of gluconeogenic genes were all decreased by l-arabinose administration in vivo and in vitro. In addition, our work revealed that AMPK is required for the inhibitory effects of l-arabinose on hepatic gluconeogenesis. l-Arabinose significantly up-regulated the phosphorylated levels of AMPK and its downstream protein ACC. Furthermore, blocking AMPK signaling through an inhibitor (compound C) or siAMPK significantly attenuated the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and the promotion of glycogen synthesis with l-arabinose, indicating that the inhibitory effect of l-arabinose on hepatic gluconeogenesis was AMPK dependent. Our work revealed that l-arabinose is a promising natural product for the regulation of hyperglycemia through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis by activating AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yanming Guan
- China National Research Institute of Food and Fermentation Industries Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Lamei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Chenzhipeng Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingcong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Haifeng Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hao Ying
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
398
|
Renton MC, McGee SL, Howlett KF. The role of protein kinase D (PKD) in intracellular nutrient sensing and regulation of adaptive responses to the obese environment. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13145. [PMID: 32929844 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with ectopic accumulation of lipids, which is implicated in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. As the global prevalence of obesity continues to rise, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms of this disease. Protein kinase D (PKD) is an intracellular signalling kinase with well characterized roles in intracellular vesicle transport and secretion, cancer cell proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy. However, emerging evidence also highlights PKD as a novel nutrient sensor. PKD activation is mediated by the accumulation of the lipid intermediate diacylglycerol, and PKD activity in the liver, heart and adipose tissue increases upon feeding. In obesity, PKD signalling is linked to reduced insulin signalling and dysfunction in adipose tissue, liver and heart, whilst in the pancreas, PKD is essential for the compensatory increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from β-cells during obesity. Collectively, these studies reveal aspects of PKD signalling that are involved in the tissue-specific responses to obesity. This review summarizes the emerging evidence suggesting that PKD plays an important role in regulating the adaptive response to the obese environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Renton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sean L McGee
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Metabolic Research Unit, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Kirsten F Howlett
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Science, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
399
|
Guo C, Gao C, Lv X, Zhao D, Greenaway FT, Hao L, Tian Y, Liu S, Sun M. CRKL promotes hepatocarcinoma through enhancing glucose metabolism of cancer cells via activating PI3K/Akt. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2714-2724. [PMID: 33523562 PMCID: PMC7933966 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glucose metabolism may contribute to cancer progression. As a member of the CRK (v-crk sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homologue) adapter protein family, CRKL (CRK-like) associated with the development and progression of various tumours. However, the exact role and underlying mechanism of CRKL on energy metabolism remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of CRKL on glucose metabolism of hepatocarcinoma cells. CRKL and PI3K were found to be overexpressed in both hepatocarcinoma cells and tissues; meanwhile, CRKL up-regulation was positively correlated with PI3K up-regulation. Functional investigations revealed that CRKL overexpression promoted glucose uptake, lactate production and glycogen synthesis of hepatocarcinoma cells by up-regulating glucose transporters 1 (GLUT1), hexokinase II (HKII) expression and down-regulating glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) expression. Mechanistically, CRKL promoted glucose metabolism of hepatocarcinoma cells via enhancing the CRKL-PI3K/Akt-GLUT1/HKII-glucose uptake, CRKL-PI3K/Akt-HKII-glucose-lactate production and CRKL-PI3K/Akt-Gsk3β-glycogen synthesis. We demonstrate CRKL facilitates HCC malignancy via enhancing glucose uptake, lactate production and glycogen synthesis through PI3K/Akt pathway. It provides interesting fundamental clues to CRKL-related carcinogenesis through glucose metabolism and offers novel therapeutic strategies for hepatocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Guo
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
- Present address:
College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing)DaqingChina
| | - Xinxin Lv
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Dongting Zhao
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | | | - Lihong Hao
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yuxiang Tian
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Shuqing Liu
- Department of BiochemistryCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ming‐Zhong Sun
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| |
Collapse
|
400
|
Wu F, Shao Q, Xia Q, Hu M, Zhao Y, Wang D, Fang K, Xu L, Zou X, Chen Z, Chen G, Lu F. A bioinformatics and transcriptomics based investigation reveals an inhibitory role of Huanglian-Renshen-Decoction on hepatic glucose production of T2DM mice via PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153487. [PMID: 33636476 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive hepatic glucose production (HGP) largely promotes the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and the inhibition of HGP significantly ameliorates T2DM. Huanglian-Renshen-Decoction (HRD), a classic traditional Chinese herb medicine, is widely used for the treatment of diabetes in clinic for centuries and proved effective. However, the relevant mechanisms of HRD are not fully understood. PURPOSE Based on that, this study was designed to identify the potential effects and underlying mechanisms of HRD on HGP by a comprehensive investigation that integrated in vivo functional experiments, network pharmacology, molecular docking, transcriptomics and molecular biology. METHODS After confirming the therapeutic effects of HRD on T2DM mice, the inhibitory role of HRD on HGP was evaluated by pyruvate and glucagon tolerance tests, liver positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and the detection of gluconeogenic key enzymes. Then, network pharmacology and transcriptomics approaches were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms. Molecular biology, computational docking analysis and in vitro experiments were applied for final mechanism verification. RESULTS Here, our results showed that HRD can decrease weight gain and blood glucose, increase fasting insulin, glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity in T2DM mice. Dysregulated lipid profile was also corrected by HRD administration. Pyruvate, glucagon tolerance tests and liver PET imaging all indicated that HRD inhibited the abnormal HGP of T2DM, and the expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were significantly suppressed by HRD as expected. Network pharmacology and transcriptomics approaches illustrated that PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway may be responsible for the inhibitory effect of HRD on HGP. Afterward, further western blot and immunoprecipitation found that HRD did activate PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway in T2DM mice, which confirmed previous results. Additionally, the conclusion was further supported by molecular docking and in vitro experiments, in which identified HRD compound, oxyberberine, was proven to exert an obvious effect on Akt. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that HRD can treat T2DM by inhibiting hepatic glucose production, the underlying mechanisms were associated with the activation of PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qingqing Shao
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qingsong Xia
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meilin Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xin Zou
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|