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Seddon JM, De D, Rosner B. The role of nutritional factors in transitioning between early, mid, and late stages of age-related macular degeneration: prospective longitudinal analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00711-1. [PMID: 39181206 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitions between different stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are not completely captured by traditional survival models with an end point of advanced AMD. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the transitions from early and intermediate AMD to higher nonadvanced and advanced stages and determine the contributions of nutritional factors to these outcomes. METHODS Eyes with early or intermediate AMD at baseline, classified according to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity score, were included in this prospective longitudinal analysis. Foods and the biologically active nutrients associated with AMD [green leafy vegetables, fish, lutein/zeaxanthin (LZ), and ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids] were determined by a baseline food frequency questionnaire. Progression was defined as eyes transitioning to higher severity groups including nonadvanced and advanced stages over 5 y, confirmed at 2 consecutive visits. Cox proportional hazards models for foods and nutrients were analyzed adjusting for demographics, lifestyle, baseline macular status, a family history of AMD, caloric intake, and genetic risk. RESULTS Among 2697 eyes, 616 (23%) progressed to higher severity groups. In the food group model, higher intake of green leafy vegetables reduced incidence of transitions {hazard ratio [HR] (≥2.7 servings/wk compared with none): 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59, 0.96; P = 0.02}. Higher fish intake was also protective [HR (greater than two 4-ounce servings/wk compared with <2): 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65, 0.95; P = 0.01]. In the nutrient model, LZ intake was protective [HR (≥2 mg/d compared with <2): 0.76; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.96; P = 0.02]. Higher intake of ω-3 fatty acids also tended to be beneficial [HR (≥0.7 g/wk compared with <0.7): 0.85; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.01; P = 0.06]. CONCLUSIONS Increased consumption of green leafy vegetables, LZ, and fish nutritionally rich in ω-3 fatty acids during the initial stages of AMD may reduce rates of progression to higher severity of this debilitating disease. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00594672.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Seddon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States.
| | - Dikha De
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Bernard Rosner
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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2
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Lee Y, Lee L, Zhang L, Zhou Q. Association between fatty acid intake and age-related macular degeneration: a meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1403987. [PMID: 38988860 PMCID: PMC11234253 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1403987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The association of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with the intake of high and low fatty acids (FAs), respectively, remains controversial. To this end, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of all the existing studies on the association of various intake levels of FA subtypes with AMD to determine these associations. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases was conducted from inception to September 2023. To compare the highest and lowest groups, odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was analyzed with a random-effects model/fixed-effects model. Results A high intake of omega-3 LCPUFAs (OR:0.67; 95%CI:[0.51, 0.88]; p = 0.004), DHA (OR:0.80; 95%CI:[0.70, 0.90]; p < 0.001), EPA (OR:0.91; 95%CI:[0.86, 0.97]; p = 0.004), and simultaneous intake of DHA and EPA (OR:0.79; 95%CI:[0.67, 0.93]; p = 0.035) significantly reduced the risk of overall AMD. Conversely, a high intake of trans-FAs (OR: 2.05; 95%CI: [1.29, 3.25]; p = 0.002) was significantly related to an increased risk of advanced AMD compared to the low-intake group. The subgroup analysis results are shown in the articles. Conclusion Increasing dietary intake of omega-3 LCPUFAs, specifically DHA, and EPA, or the simultaneous intake of DHA and EPA, is significantly associated with a reduced risk of overall AMD. Various subtypes of omega-3 also have a significant association with a reduced risk of different stages of AMD. The high intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) is significantly and positively correlated with the risk of advanced AMD. This could further support the idea that consuming foods rich in omega-3 LCPUFAs and reducing consumption of foods rich in TFAs may prevent AMD. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023467227.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- International School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lok Lee
- School of Journalism and Communication, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- International School of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Jiang B, Wei X, Cai D, Wang X, Zhou X, Chen F, Shen X, Cao X, Zheng C. Association between dietary consumption of fatty acids and age-related macular degeneration in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11016. [PMID: 38745035 PMCID: PMC11094158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between dietary intake of fatty acids and the age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the United States population. Adult participants of the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were included in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Dietary fatty acid intake was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The intake of dietary fatty acids was analyzed as a continuous and categorical variable. AMD status was assessed using nonmydriatic fundus photographs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between dietary fatty acid intake and AMD. The unweighted population included 4702 individuals of whom 374 had AMD. After adjusting for relevant variables, each 1 unit increase (1 mg/1000 kcal) intake of EPA (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.993-0.996, P = 0.018), DPA (OR: 0.976, 95% CI: 0.962-0.990, P = 0.002), and DHA (OR: 0.996, 95% CI: 0.994-0.999, P = 0.003) were significantly decreased odds of any AMD. The highest versus lowest quartile of EPA (OR: 0.476, P for trend < 0.001), DPA (OR: 0.467, P for trend = 0.005) and DHA (OR: 0.586, P for trend = 0.008) were negatively associated with the odds of any AMD. Subgroup analysis showed that higher quartiles of EPA (OR: 0.461, P for trend < 0.002), DPA (OR: 0.467, P for trend = 0.006) and DHA (OR: 0.578, P for trend = 0.007) exhibited a negative association with early AMD. The study found no significant association between the intake of dietary fatty acids, including n-3 PUFA, and the odds of late AMD. In the 2005-2008 NHANES population, higher dietary DHA, DPA and EPA intake associated with decreased odds of early AMD. However, no clear association was found between specific types of FAs and late AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingcai Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongmei Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Changwei Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Koçyiğit E, Gövez NE, Arslan S, Ağagündüz D. A narrative review on dietary components and patterns and age-related macular degeneration. Nutr Res Rev 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38221852 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422424000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent eye diseases among the ageing population worldwide. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals over 55, particularly in industrialised Western countries. The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to contribute to its development. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a significant role in AMD. This review explores the association between dietary components, dietary patterns and AMD. Various nutrients, non-nutrient substances and dietary models that have the potential to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying mechanisms of AMD, are discussed. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, olive oil, nuts and low-glycaemic-index foods has been highlighted as beneficial for reducing the risk of AMD. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which encompasses these elements, can be recommended as a dietary pattern for AMD. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in managing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Koçyiğit
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ordu University, Ordu, Türkiye
| | - Nazlıcan Erdoğan Gövez
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sabriye Arslan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Olivier E, Rat P. Role of Oxysterols in Ocular Degeneration Mechanisms and Involvement of P2X7 Receptor. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:277-292. [PMID: 38036885 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Ocular degeneration, including cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, is a major public health challenge, as it affects the quality of life of millions of people worldwide and, in its advanced stages, leads to blindness. Ocular degeneration, although it can affect different parts of the eye, shares common characteristics such as oxysterols and the P2X7 receptor. Indeed, oxysterols, which are cholesterol derivatives, are associated with ocular degeneration pathogenesis and trigger inflammation and cell death pathways. Activation of the P2X7 receptor is also linked to ocular degeneration and triggers the same pathways. In age-related macular degeneration, these two key players have been associated, but further studies are needed to extrapolate this interrelationship to other ocular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Rat
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, CiTCoM, Paris, France
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de Almeida Torres RJ, Moreto F, Luchini A, de Almeida Torres RJ, Longo SP, Pinho RA, Nagashima S, de Noronha L, Ferron AJT, de Almeida Silva CCV, Correa CR, Aldini G, Ferreira ALA. Carnosine supplementation and retinal oxidative parameters in a high-calorie diet rat model. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:502. [PMID: 38066465 PMCID: PMC10709828 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess oxidative effects induced by a high-calorie diet on the retina of Wistar rats and test the antioxidative effects of carnosine supplementation. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: standard diet (SD), high-calorie diet (HcD), standard diet + carnosine (SD + Car), and high-calorie diet + carnosine (HcD + Car). The body weight, adiposity index, plasma glucose, total lipids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), uric acid, creatinine, and triglycerides of the animals were evaluated. The retinas were analyzed for markers of oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide production was assessed by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) oxidation. The total glutathione (tGSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), protein carbonyl, and sulfhydryl groups of the antioxidant system were analyzed. RESULTS TAC levels increased in the retinas of the SD + Car group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the HcD group (p < 0.05). The levels of GSH and the GSSH:GSSG ratio were increased in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). An increase in the retinal carbonyl content was observed in the HcD group compared to the SD group (p < 0.05) and in the HcD + Car group compared to the SD + Car group (p < 0.05). A high-calorie diet (HcD) was also associated with a decrease in retinal sulfhydryl-type levels compared to the SD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggest that feeding a high-calorie diet to rats can promote an increase in carbonyl content and a reduction in sulfhydryl groups in their retinas. The administration of carnosine was not effective in attenuating these oxidative markers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Animal Ethics Committee of Botucatu Medical School - Certificate number 1292/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogil Jose de Almeida Torres
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Moreto
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Andrea Luchini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Oftalmologico de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Pimentel Longo
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Noronha
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidade Catolica Do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | | | - Camila Renata Correa
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmaceutiche (DISFARM), Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana Lucia Anjos Ferreira
- Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-687, Brazil
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7
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Cao Y, Ibrahim KS, Li X, Wong A, Wu Y, Yu XD, Zhou X, Tan Z, He Z, Craft JA, Shu X. Chinese medicine, Qijudihuang pill, mediates cholesterol metabolism and regulates gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice, implications for age-related macular degeneration. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274401. [PMID: 37901244 PMCID: PMC10602650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese Medicines have been used for thousands of years but without any sound empirical basis. One such preparation is the Qijudihuang pill (QP), a mixture of eight herbs, that has been used in China for the treatment of various conditions including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness in the aged population. In order to explain the mechanism behind the effect of QP, we used an AMD model of high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice to investigate cholesterol homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation and gut microbiota. Methods Mice were randomly divided into three groups, one group was fed with control diet (CD), the other two groups were fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). One HFD group was treated with QP, both CD and the other HFD groups were treated with vehicles. Tissue samples were collected after the treatment. Cholesterol levels in retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), liver and serum were determined using a commercial kit. The expression of enzymes involved in cholesterol metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress was measured with qRT-PCR. Gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Results In the majority of the lipid determinations, analytes were elevated by HFD but this was reversed by QP. Cholesterol metabolism including the enzymes of bile acid (BA) formation was suppressed by HFD but again this was reversed by QP. BAs play a major role in signaling between host and microbiome and this is disrupted by HFD resulting in major changes in the composition of colonic bacterial communities. Associated with these changes are predictions of the metabolic pathway complexity and abundance of individual pathways. These concerned substrate breakdowns, energy production and the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory factors but were changed back to control characteristics by QP. Conclusion We propose that the ability of QP to reverse these HFD-induced effects is related to mechanisms acting to lower cholesterol level, oxidative stress and inflammation, and to modulate gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Cao
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Khalid S. Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq
| | - Xing Li
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Aileen Wong
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu-Dong Yu
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhou
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zhoujin Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiming He
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - John A. Craft
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Pu Ai Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Vision Science , Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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8
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Merle B. [Nutrition and age-related macular degeneration]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:949-955. [PMID: 37758543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss in France and in other industrialized countries. AMD affects around 20 % of the population over the age of 80 years. This complex and multifactorial disease involves both genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Smoking and nutrition are well-known modifiable risk factors for AMD. Numerous studies provide convincing arguments in favor of micronutrients to encourage dietary advice and the prescription of nutritional supplements containing antioxidant vitamins, lutein and omega-3 fatty acids. Attention to modifiable risk factors is of utmost importance to reduce progression to advanced AMD and associated medical and societal burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Merle
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, BPH, U1219, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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9
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Borchert GA, Shamsnajafabadi H, Hu ML, De Silva SR, Downes SM, MacLaren RE, Xue K, Cehajic-Kapetanovic J. The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Therapeutic Landscapes in Geographic Atrophy. Cells 2023; 12:2092. [PMID: 37626902 PMCID: PMC10453093 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and visual impairment in people over 50 years of age. In the current therapeutic landscape, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies have been central to the management of neovascular AMD (also known as wet AMD), whereas treatments for geographic atrophy have lagged behind. Several therapeutic approaches are being developed for geographic atrophy with the goal of either slowing down disease progression or reversing sight loss. Such strategies target the inflammatory pathways, complement cascade, visual cycle or neuroprotective mechanisms to slow down the degeneration. In addition, retinal implants have been tried for vision restoration and stem cell therapies for potentially a dual purpose of slowing down the degeneration and restoring visual function. In particular, therapies focusing on the complement pathway have shown promising results with the FDA approved pegcetacoplan, a complement C3 inhibitor, and avacincaptad pegol, a complement C5 inhibitor. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of inflammation in AMD and outline the therapeutic landscapes of atrophy AMD. Improved understanding of the various pathway components and their interplay in this complex neuroinflammatory degeneration will guide the development of current and future therapeutic options, such as optogenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Borchert
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Hoda Shamsnajafabadi
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Monica L. Hu
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Samantha R. De Silva
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Susan M. Downes
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Robert E. MacLaren
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Kanmin Xue
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jasmina Cehajic-Kapetanovic
- Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
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10
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Liu CH, Yemanyi F, Bora K, Kushwah N, Blomfield AK, Kamenecka TM, SanGiovanni JP, Sun Y, Solt LA, Chen J. Genetic deficiency and pharmacological modulation of RORα regulate laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:37-52. [PMID: 36626253 PMCID: PMC9876633 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) causes acute vision loss in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Genetic variations of the nuclear receptor RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) have been linked with neovascular AMD, yet its specific role in pathological CNV development is not entirely clear. In this study, we showed that Rora was highly expressed in the mouse choroid compared with the retina, and genetic loss of RORα in Staggerer mice (Rorasg/sg) led to increased expression levels of Vegfr2 and Tnfa in the choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) complex. In a mouse model of laser-induced CNV, RORα expression was highly increased in the choroidal/RPE complex post-laser, and loss of RORα in Rorasg/sg eyes significantly worsened CNV with increased lesion size and vascular leakage, associated with increased levels of VEGFR2 and TNFα proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of RORα also worsened CNV. In addition, both genetic deficiency and inhibition of RORα substantially increased vascular growth in isolated mouse choroidal explants ex vivo. RORα inhibition also promoted angiogenic function of human choroidal endothelial cell culture. Together, our results suggest that RORα negatively regulates pathological CNV development in part by modulating angiogenic response of the choroidal endothelium and inflammatory environment in the choroid/RPE complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hsiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Felix Yemanyi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiran Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neetu Kushwah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra K. Blomfield
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Theodore M. Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - John Paul SanGiovanni
- BIO5 Institute and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura A. Solt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, UF Scripps Biomedical Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Yasukawa T, Sasaki M, Motomura K, Yuki K, Kurihara T, Tomita Y, Mori K, Ozawa N, Ozawa Y, Yamagishi K, Hanyuda A, Sawada N, Tsubota K, Tsugane S, Iso H. Association Between Fatty Acid Intakes and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Japanese Population: JPHC-NEXT Eye Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:3. [PMID: 36595278 PMCID: PMC9819671 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the associations between fatty acid intakes and the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) under a population-based cross-sectional study. Methods Residents of Chikusei City aged ≥40 years underwent systemic and eye screening. AMD was graded according to a modified version of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study classification. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and was adjusted for total energy intake. Results Altogether, 10,788 eyes of 5394 participants, 2116 men (mean [standard deviation (SD)] age, 62.4 [9.4] years) and 3278 women (60.6 [9.5] years), were included. The mean daily total fat intakes were 52.8 g and 59.0 g in men and women, respectively. After adjustments for potential confounders, saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake was inversely associated with the prevalence of any AMD in men (for each energy-adjusted 1-SD increase: odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74-1.00). Significant trends were found for decreasing odds ratios of AMD with increasing SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake (P for trend = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.04, respectively). In women, only a significant association was observed between the second quartile of linolenic acid intake and the prevalence of any AMD (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.99). Conclusions We found an inverse association of SFA intake and a weak inverse association of MUFA and PUFA intakes with the prevalence of any AMD in a Japanese population. Translational Relevance Adequate fatty acid intake may be necessary to prevent or decelerate AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Yasukawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan,National Hospital Organization Tokyo Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Motomura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Yuki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Tomita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiwako Mori
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Ozawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,Ibaraki Western Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Hanyuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Research Center for Cancer Prevention and Screening, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan,Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan,Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Sterling JK, Baumann B, Foshe S, Voigt A, Guttha S, Alnemri A, McCright SJ, Li M, Zauhar RJ, Montezuma SR, Kapphahn RJ, Chavali VRM, Hill DA, Ferrington DA, Stambolian D, Mullins RF, Merrick D, Dunaief JL. Inflammatory adipose activates a nutritional immunity pathway leading to retinal dysfunction. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110942. [PMID: 35705048 PMCID: PMC9248858 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness among Americans over 50, is characterized by dysfunction and death of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The RPE accumulates iron in AMD, and iron overload triggers RPE cell death in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of RPE iron accumulation in AMD is unknown. We show that high-fat-diet-induced obesity, a risk factor for AMD, drives systemic and local inflammatory circuits upregulating interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β upregulates RPE iron importers and downregulates iron exporters, causing iron accumulation, oxidative stress, and dysfunction. We term this maladaptive, chronic activation of a nutritional immunity pathway the cellular iron sequestration response (CISR). RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of choroid and retina from human donors revealed that hallmarks of this pathway are present in AMD microglia and macrophages. Together, these data suggest that inflamed adipose tissue, through the CISR, can lead to RPE pathology in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Sterling
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bailey Baumann
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sierra Foshe
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Voigt
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Samyuktha Guttha
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahab Alnemri
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam J McCright
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Randy J Zauhar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sandra R Montezuma
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rebecca J Kapphahn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Venkata R M Chavali
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deborah A Ferrington
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dwight Stambolian
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert F Mullins
- Institute for Vision Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua L Dunaief
- FM Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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13
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Zhang C, Owen LA, Lillvis JH, Zhang SX, Kim IK, DeAngelis MM. AMD Genomics: Non-Coding RNAs as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061484. [PMID: 35329812 PMCID: PMC8954267 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the world’s leading cause of blindness in the aging population. Although the clinical stages and forms of AMD have been elucidated, more specific prognostic tools are required to determine when patients with early and intermediate AMD will progress into the advanced stages of AMD. Another challenge in the field has been the appropriate development of therapies for intermediate AMD and advanced atrophic AMD. After numerous negative clinical trials, an anti-C5 agent and anti-C3 agent have recently shown promising results in phase 3 clinical trials, in terms of slowing the growth of geographic atrophy, an advanced form of AMD. Interestingly, both drugs appear to be associated with an increased incidence of wet AMD, another advanced form of the disease, and will require frequent intravitreal injections. Certainly, there remains a need for other therapeutic agents with the potential to prevent progression to advanced stages of the disease. Investigation of the role and clinical utility of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is a major advancement in biology that has only been minimally applied to AMD. In the following review, we discuss the clinical relevance of ncRNAs in AMD as both biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
| | - Leah A. Owen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - John H. Lillvis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
| | - Sarah X. Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.K.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Margaret M. DeAngelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ross Eye Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (C.Z.); (L.A.O.); (J.H.L.); (S.X.Z.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Veterans Administration Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14212, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Genetics, Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Correspondence: (I.K.K.); (M.M.D.)
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14
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Mauschitz MM, Finger RP. Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Cardiovascular Diseases: Revisiting the Common Soil Theory. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2022; 11:94-99. [PMID: 35213420 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a complex disease associated with aging, remains one of the leading causes of visual loss in high-income countries and its prevalence is expected to increase over the next decades. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy has been considered a variant of neovascular AMD and is highly prevalent in Asian populations. Similarly, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-another complex disease associated with aging-is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in high-income countries and its prevalence is also expected to increase due to population aging. Previous studies reported an increased risk for CVD in AMD patients, indicating an underlying "common soil." Reviewing the current literature, consistent evidence for common risk factors and mutual comorbidity was identified for both diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors include smoking, diet, and low levels of physical activity, which also play a role in AMD pathogenesis. Several studies demonstrated AMD patients to be at higher risk for CVD compared to the general older population. The complexity of both diseases, however, complicates research on their relation, and thus studies ought to be interpreted with caution. Herein we present an overview of selected studies and their main "take-home messages" on this topic, and hypothesize on the patho-etiologic "common ground" of these 2 diseases.
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15
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Sen M, Al-Amin M, Kicková E, Sadeghi A, Puranen J, Urtti A, Caliceti P, Salmaso S, Arango-Gonzalez B, Ueffing M. Retinal neuroprotection by controlled release of a VCP inhibitor from self-assembled nanoparticles. J Control Release 2021; 339:307-320. [PMID: 34606936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in rhodopsin lead to its misfolding resulting in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Pharmacological inhibition of the ATP-driven chaperone valosin-containing protein (VCP), a molecular checkpoint for protein quality control, slows down retinal degeneration in animal models. However, poor water-solubility of VCP inhibitors poses a challenge to their clinical translation as intravitreal injections for retinal treatment. In order to enable the delivery of VCP inhibitors, we have developed and investigated two formulations for the VCP inhibitor ML240. Nanoformulations of ML240 were obtained by using amphiphilic polymers methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)5kDa-cholane (mPEG5kDa-cholane) and methoxy-poly (ethylene glycol)5kDa-cholesterol (mPEG5kDa-cholesterol). Both formulations increased the water-solubility of ML240 by two orders of magnitude and prolonged the drug released over ten days. In addition, encapsulation of ML240 in mPEG5kDa-cholane showed superior photoreceptor protection at lower drug concentrations, normalized rhodopsin localization, and alleviated inflammatory microglial responses in an ex vivo rat model of retinal degeneration. The study demonstrates the potential of VCP inhibitor nanoformulations to treat adRP, a pharmacologically orphan disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Sen
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Md Al-Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eva Kicková
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jooseppi Puranen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paolo Caliceti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Salmaso
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Blanca Arango-Gonzalez
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Farhan F, Almarhoun M, Wong A, Findlay AS, Bartholomew C, Williams MTS, Hurd TW, Shu X. Deletion of TSPO Causes Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Mouse Retina. Cells 2021; 10:3066. [PMID: 34831289 PMCID: PMC8621976 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol dysregulation has been implicated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of visual impairment in the elderly. The 18 KDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein responsible for transporting cholesterol from the mitochondrial outer membrane to the inner membrane. TSPO is highly expressed in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and TSPO ligands have shown therapeutic potential for the treatment of AMD. Here, we characterized retinal pathology of Tspo knockout (KO) mice using histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and molecular biological approaches. We found that Tspo KO mice had normal retinal morphology (by light microscopy) but showed elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids with perturbed cholesterol efflux in the RPE cells of Tspo KO mice. Expression of cholesterol-associated genes (Nr1h3, Abca1, Abcg1, Cyp27a1 and Cyp46a1) was significantly downregulated, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines was markedly increased in Tspo KO retinas. Furthermore, microglial activation was also observed in Tspo KO mouse retinas. These findings provide new insights into the function of TSPO in the retina and may aid in the design of new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Farhan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (F.F.); (M.A.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (M.T.S.W.)
| | - Mohammad Almarhoun
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (F.F.); (M.A.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (M.T.S.W.)
| | - Aileen Wong
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (F.F.); (M.A.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (M.T.S.W.)
| | - Amy S. Findlay
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.S.F.); (T.W.H.)
| | - Chris Bartholomew
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (F.F.); (M.A.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (M.T.S.W.)
| | - Mark T. S. Williams
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (F.F.); (M.A.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (M.T.S.W.)
| | - Toby W. Hurd
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (A.S.F.); (T.W.H.)
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK; (F.F.); (M.A.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (M.T.S.W.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China
- Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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17
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Drakon AK, Kurguzova AG, Sheludchenko VM, Korchazhkina NB. [Pharmacological and physiotherapeutic methods of treating non-exudative age-related macular degeneration]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:262-267. [PMID: 34669336 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2021137052262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The non-exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease with long-term progression for which effective treatments have not been found. Many studies are being conducted to find effective drugs to prevent the appearance of drusen and increase in RPE atrophy area, which could help avoid this more dangerous form of AMD. The main drugs (nutraceuticals) that are used to treat the dry form of AMD are lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids. Additionally, treatment may include nanosecond laser therapy for drusen in advanced AMD, panretinal subthreshold micropulse laser exposure for atrophic AMD, as well as microcurrent stimulation. Further research in this area should be aimed at understanding all the pathogenetic mechanisms associated with the development of AMD, and developing new approaches to the treatment of this disease including physiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Drakon
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Jiang H, Shi X, Fan Y, Wang D, Li B, Zhou J, Pei C, Ma L. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish intake and risk of age-related macular degeneration. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5662-5673. [PMID: 34749130 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Epidemiologic studies are inconsistent regarding the association of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and/or fish intake with risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) incidence and progression. The objective was to determine these associations by conducting a meta-analysis of available studies. METHODS Three electronic databases were searched for studies that quantified dietary omega-3 PUFA and/or fish intake from inception to December 2020 without language restriction. Three investigators independently assessed for inclusion and extracted data. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using random-effects model. Potential dose-response associations were explored with the use of generalized least-squares trend estimation. RESULTS 21 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Higher dietary intakes of omega-3 PUFA was significantly associated with 14% (relative risk [RR]: 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77, 0.96) and 29% (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.91) lower risk of early and late AMD, respectively. The dose-response analysis showed a 6% and 22% decrease in the risk of early and late AMD for each additional 1 g/d omega-3 PUFA intake. For individual omega-3 PUFA, the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid was inversely associated with lower AMD risk, whereas no association was found for the alpha-linolenic acid. Consistent inverse associations were also found between fish intake and AMD. The pooled RRs comparing extreme categories of fish intake were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.90) and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.85) for early and late AMD risk, respectively. Every 15 g/d of fish consumption was associated with 13% and 14% lower early and late AMD. In addition, fish intake was associated with a significantly reduced risk of AMD progression (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.53, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS A high intake of dietary omega-3 PUFA or fish was associated with a reduced risk of developing of AMD, which further supports that consumption of omega-3 PUFA-rich foods may be a new avenue nutritional approach to preventing AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Shi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yahui Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Baoyu Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Zhongyinghui Nutrition and Health Research Institute, The Chinese Nutrition Society Academy of Nutrition and Health, Peking, China.
| | - Cheng Pei
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
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19
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Association of Dietary Nutrient Intake with Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Japanese-Americans. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100673. [PMID: 34677388 PMCID: PMC8537321 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle factors may be associated with the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), in addition to demographic and genetic factors. The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to elucidate the association between nutrient intake and AMD in the Japanese-American population living in Los Angeles. We conducted a medical survey of Japanese immigrants and their descendants living in Los Angeles, including interviews on dietary habits, fundus photography, and physical examinations. Participants were classified into early AMD and control groups on the basis of fundus photographic findings. Consequently, among the 555 participants, 111 (20.0%) were diagnosed with early AMD. There were no late-stage AMD participants. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of animal fat and saturated fatty acids (SFA) was positively associated with early AMD (p for trend = 0.01 for animal fat, p for trend = 0.02 for SFA), and the intake of vegetable fat, total carbohydrate, simple carbohydrate, sugar, and fructose was inversely associated with early AMD (p for trend = 0.04 for vegetable fat, p for trend = 0.046 for carbohydrate, p for trend = 0.03 for simple carbohydrate, p for trend = 0.046 for sugar, p for trend = 0.02). Our findings suggest that excessive animal fat and SFA intake increases the risk for early AMD in Japanese-Americans whose lifestyles have been westernized.
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Biswas L, Ibrahim KS, Li X, Zhou X, Zeng Z, Craft J, Shu X. Effect of a TSPO ligand on retinal pigment epithelial cholesterol homeostasis in high-fat fed mice, implication for age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108625. [PMID: 34022174 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a major cause of sight impairment in the elderly with complex aetiology involving genetics and environment and with limited therapeutic options which have limited efficacy. We have previously shown in a mouse-model of the condition, induced by feeding a high fat diet, that adverse effects of the diet can be reversed by co-administration of the TSPO activator, etifoxine. We extend those observations showing improvements in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells with decreased lipids and enhanced expression of cholesterol metabolism and transport enzymes. Further, etifoxine decreased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE and inflammatory cytokines in RPE and serum. With respect to gut microbiome, we found that organisms abundant in the high fat condition (e.g. in the genus Anaerotruncus and Oscillospira) and implicated in AMD, were much less abundant after etifoxine treatment. The changes in gut flora were associated with the predicted production of metabolites of benefit to the retina including tryptophan and other amino acids and taurine, an essential component of the retina necessary to counteract ROS. These novel observations strengthen earlier conclusions that the mechanisms behind improvements in etifoxine-induced retinal physiology involve an interaction between effects on the host and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Khalid Subhi Ibrahim
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zakho, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Xinzhi Zhou
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, 410022, PR China
| | - John Craft
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
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21
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Hernandez M, Recalde S, González-Zamora J, Bilbao-Malavé V, Sáenz de Viteri M, Bezunartea J, Moreno-Orduña M, Belza I, Barrio-Barrio J, Fernandez-Robredo P, García-Layana A. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Synergistic Effect of Vitamin D and Nutritional Complex on Retinal Pigment Epithelial and Endothelial Cell Lines against Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051423. [PMID: 33922669 PMCID: PMC8170899 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease of the retina featured by dysfunction of retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) and loss of photoreceptor cells under oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions. Vitamin D and antioxidants have beneficial effects against retinal degenerative diseases, such as AMD. We investigated the impact of associating vitamin D (ND) with a nutritional antioxidant complex (Nutrof Total®; N) on oxidative stress and inflammation-like induced conditions by H2O2 and LPS, respectively, in human retinal epithelial (ARPE-19) and human retinal endothelial (HREC) cells. Application of either N or ND treatments to H2O2-induced media in ARPE-19 cells counteracted late apoptosis, attenuated oxidative DNA damage, and increased cell proliferation. Significant reduction in the expression levels of MCP1, IL-8, and IL6 cytokines was observed following application of either N or ND treatments under LPS-induced conditions in ARPE-19 cells and in MCP-1 and IL12p70 cytokine levels in HREC cells. ND and not N revealed significant downregulation of IFNγ in ARPE-19 cells, and of IL-6 and IL-18 in HREC cells. In conclusion, adding vitamin D to Nutrof Total® protects in a synergistic way against oxidative and inflammatory stress-induced conditions in retinal epithelial and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hernandez
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Sergio Recalde
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge González-Zamora
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Valentina Bilbao-Malavé
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Manuel Sáenz de Viteri
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maite Moreno-Orduña
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Idoia Belza
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
| | - Jesús Barrio-Barrio
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Robredo
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-Layana
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.R.); (J.G.-Z.); (V.B.-M.); (M.S.d.V.); (J.B.); (M.M.-O.); (I.B.); (J.B.-B.); (P.F.-R.); (A.G.-L.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Red Temática de Investigación Cooperativa Sanitaria en Enfermedades Oculares (Oftared), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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22
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Trinh M, Kalloniatis M, Nivison-Smith L. Radial Peripapillary Capillary Plexus Sparing and Underlying Retinal Vascular Impairment in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:2. [PMID: 33792619 PMCID: PMC8024775 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine location-specific retinal vascular changes in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) using age-matched, high-density en face optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) cluster analysis. Methods En face OCTA images of the 6 × 6 mm macular area were retrospectively acquired from 60 iAMD eyes and 60 age-matched normal eyes and then subdivided into 126 × 126 (47.62 × 47.62 µm) grids within the superficial and deep vascular complex. Grid-wise vessel perfusion (VP) were compared between iAMD and normal eyes from the corresponding 10-yearly age cohort, forming difference plots. Difference plots were further separated by normative topographical map spatial clusters (C1-6), derived from normaldatabase eyes (n = 236, 20–81 years old). Results Overall difference plots showed decreased VP in the superficial (−12.19%) and deep vascular complex (−6.44%) of iAMD compared to normal eyes (P < 0.0001 both comparisons). Cluster-based difference plots highlighted nonuniform changes in the superficial vascular complex, with sparing of VP at the nasal macula (corresponding to the radial peripapillary capillary plexus) versus decreased VP toward the temporal macula and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (C1–6 all comparisons P < 0.0001, except C1 vs. C2P > 0.99 and C4 vs. C5P = 0.11). The deep vascular complex displayed diffusely decreased VP, greater at the FAZ (P < 0.0001). Conclusions High-density en face OCTA cluster analysis suggests relative sparing of the radial peripapillary capillary plexus and impairment of underlying retinal vasculature, supporting potential anterograde transsynaptic degeneration in iAMD. These location-specific data may better guide future diagnostic and management protocol of iAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Trinh
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Nivison-Smith
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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23
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Ruan Y, Jiang S, Gericke A. Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Role of Oxidative Stress and Blood Vessels. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031296. [PMID: 33525498 PMCID: PMC7866075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common irreversible ocular disease characterized by vision impairment among older people. Many risk factors are related to AMD and interact with each other in its pathogenesis. Notably, oxidative stress and choroidal vascular dysfunction were suggested to be critically involved in AMD pathogenesis. In this review, we give an overview on the factors contributing to the pathophysiology of this multifactorial disease and discuss the role of reactive oxygen species and vascular function in more detail. Moreover, we give an overview on therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-178-276 (Y.R. & A.G.)
| | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Correspondence: (Y.R.); (A.G.); Tel.: +49-6131-178-276 (Y.R. & A.G.)
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24
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Zhong Y, Wang K, Jiang L, Wang J, Zhang X, Xu J, Yao K. Dietary fatty acid intake, plasma fatty acid levels, and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3013-3027. [PMID: 33469697 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous population studies on the associations between dietary fatty acids (FAs), plasma FAs levels, and the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have yielded inconclusive results. Herein, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the associations between specific type of dietary FAs, plasma FAs on early and advanced AMD risk. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were systematically searched for observational cohort studies published through May 2020. For highest versus lowest comparison and dose-response analyses, the relative risk (RR) estimates with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were analyzed using random effects model. RESULTS 11 studies with 167,581 participants were included in the meta-analysis. During the follow-up periods (ranging from 3 to 28 years), 6,318 cases of AMD were recorded. Dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA) combined (per 1 g/day increment) were found to be negatively associated with early AMD (RR: 0.67, 95% CI [0.51, 0.88]). Each 1 g/day increment of DHA (RR: 0.50, 95% CI [0.32, 0.78]) and EPA (RR: 0.40, 95% CI [0.18, 0.87]) was associated with a 50% and 60% reduction of early AMD risk, respectively. Plasma DHA (RR: 0.72, 95% CI [0.55, 0.95]) and EPA (RR: 0.57, 95% CI [0.40, 0.81]) indicated significant negative relationship with advanced AMD. CONCLUSION Increasing dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically DHA and EPA, were associated with a reduced risk of early subtype of AMD, while other types of FAs did not present significant results. Further research is warranted to explore the potential association between dietary FA, plasma FA levels, and advanced subtype of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhong
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaming Wang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingwei Xu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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25
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Therapeutic Options Under Development for Nonneovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Geographic Atrophy. Drugs Aging 2020; 38:17-27. [PMID: 33355716 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-020-00822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, multifactorial disease and a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population in the Western Hemisphere. Among the two major subtypes of AMD, the prevalence of the nonneovascular (dry) type is approximately 85-90% and the neovascular (wet) type is 10-15%. Healthy lifestyle and nutritional supplements of anti-oxidative micronutrients have been shown to delay the progression of dry AMD and lower the risk of development of wet AMD, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections have been shown to improve visual acuity for wet AMD patients. However, to date, there is no approved treatment for geographic atrophy (GA), a debilitating late stage of dry AMD. Thus, this represents a large unmet need in this patient population. This review focuses on the current management and treatment of nonneovascular AMD, the drugs and devices that have been under investigation for the treatment of GA, and the latest clinical trial results. A few therapeutic options have shown initial promising clinical trial results, but failed to show efficacy in larger trials, while others are awaiting future clinical trial results and long-term follow-up to evaluate safety and efficacy.
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26
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Soundara Pandi SP, Ratnayaka JA, Lotery AJ, Teeling JL. Progress in developing rodent models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Exp Eye Res 2020; 203:108404. [PMID: 33340497 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss, typically affecting individuals from mid-life onwards. Its multifactorial aetiology and the lack of any effective treatments has spurred the development of animal models as research and drug discovery tools. Several rodent models have been developed which recapitulate key features of AMD and provide insights into its underlying pathology. These have contributed to making significant progress in understanding the disease and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. However, a major caveat with existing models is that they do not demonstrate the full disease spectrum. In this review, we outline advances in rodent AMD models from the last decade. These models feature various hallmarks associated with AMD, including oxidative stress, hypoxia, immune dysregulation, genetic mutations and environmental risk factors. The review summarises the methods by which each model was created, its pathological characteristics as well as its relation to the disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Priya Soundara Pandi
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - J Arjuna Ratnayaka
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, MP806, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom; Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica L Teeling
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, MP840, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, United Kingdom.
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27
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The pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration is not inflammatory mediated but is instead due to immunosenescence-related failure of tissue repair. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110392. [PMID: 33246696 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A natural consequence of everyday tissue metabolism is cell injury or stress. This injury activates a canonical immune-mediated inflammatory response in order to achieve tissue repair so that homeostasis is maintained. With aging there is increased tissue injury and therefore increasing demands placed on an immune system, which itself is aging (immunosenescence). Thus, the increased reparative demands are reflected by an increased inflammatory load both locally and systemically. Eventually, if the reparative demands are excessive, the aging immune system is overwhelmed and disease ensues. In the macula this age-related failure in repair gives rise to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The hypothesis proposed herein is therefore, that AMD is due to age-related failure of tissue repair and the chronic inflammation associated with this failure ('inflammaging') is both a surrogate and biomarker of this reparative failure and not in itself the primary cause of disease. Such a hypothesis can be applied to all the diseases of aging and by extension suggests that effective therapies should be aimed at facilitating repair through immunotherapy, possibly and perhaps controversially, through the promotion of inflammation rather than the current approach of its inhibition (anti-inflammatory strategies), the latter which can ultimately only hinder the repair process and thereby lead to the persistence of disease.
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28
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Agrón E, Mares J, Clemons TE, Swaroop A, Chew EY, Keenan TDL. Dietary Nutrient Intake and Progression to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Studies 1 and 2. Ophthalmology 2020; 128:425-442. [PMID: 32858063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze associations between the dietary intake of multiple nutrients and risk of progression to late age-related macular degeneration (AMD), its subtypes, and large drusen. DESIGN Post hoc analysis of 2 controlled clinical trial cohorts: Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) and AREDS2. PARTICIPANTS Eyes with no late AMD at baseline among AREDS participants (n = 4504) and AREDS2 participants (n = 3738) totaled 14 135 eyes. Mean age was 71.0 years (standard deviation, 6.7 years), and 56.5% of patients were women. METHODS Fundus photographs were collected at annual study visits and graded centrally for late AMD. Dietary intake of multiple nutrients was calculated from food frequency questionnaires. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Progression to late AMD, geographic atrophy (GA), neovascular AMD, and (separate analyses) large drusen. RESULTS Over median follow-up of 10.2 years, of the 14 135 eyes, 32.7% progressed to late AMD. For 9 nutrients, intake quintiles 4 or 5 (vs. 1) were associated significantly (P ≤ 0.0005) with decreased risk of late AMD: vitamin A, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, magnesium, copper, and alcohol. For 3 nutrients, quintiles 4 or 5 were associated significantly with increased risk: saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and oleic acid. Similar results were observed for GA. Regarding neovascular AMD, 9 nutrients were associated nominally with decreased risk-vitamin A, vitamin B6, β-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, magnesium, copper, docosahexaenoic acid, omega-3 fatty acid, and alcohol-and 3 nutrients were associated with increased risk-saturated fatty acid, monounsaturated fatty acid, and oleic acid. In separate analyses (n = 5399 eyes of 3164 AREDS participants), 12 nutrients were associated nominally with decreased risk of large drusen. CONCLUSIONS Higher dietary intake of multiple nutrients, including minerals, vitamins, and carotenoids, is associated with decreased risk of progression to late AMD. These associations are stronger for GA than for neovascular AMD. The same nutrients also tend to show protective associations against large drusen development. Strong genetic interactions exist for some nutrient-genotype combinations, particularly omega-3 fatty acids and CFH. These data may justify further research into underlying mechanisms and randomized trials of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Agrón
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julie Mares
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Y Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Tiarnan D L Keenan
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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29
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Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080761. [PMID: 32824523 PMCID: PMC7465265 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular (AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS are important intracellular signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological actions, including vascular reactivity and neuron function. However, excessive ROS formation has been linked to vascular endothelial dysfunction, neuron degeneration, and inflammation in the retina. ROS can directly modify cellular molecules and impair their function. Moreover, ROS can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) causing inflammation and cell death. However, there are various compounds with direct or indirect antioxidant activity that have been used to reduce ROS accumulation in animal models and humans. In this review, we report on the physiological and pathophysiological role of ROS in the retina with a special focus on the vascular system. Moreover, we present therapeutic approaches for individual retinal diseases targeting retinal signaling pathways involving ROS.
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30
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Sasaki M, Harada S, Tsubota K, Yasukawa T, Takebayashi T, Nishiwaki Y, Kawasaki R. Dietary Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Japanese Population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:23. [PMID: 32181798 PMCID: PMC7401844 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association of dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake with the presence of early AMD in a Japanese population. Methods The population-based Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study enrolled general population individuals aged 35 to 74 years from among participants in annual health check-up programs that included fundus photographs in Tsuruoka, Japan. A total of 4010 individuals participated in the baseline survey. After excluding nonresponders to a dietary survey and participants with suboptimal fundus image quality, 3988 participants (median age, 62.4 years) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake was assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fatty acids intake was adjusted for total energy intake by the residuals method. The association between fatty acid intake and presence of early AMD was assessed by logistic regression models. Results Median daily SFA intake was 11.3 g (interquartile range, 9.6, 13.0 g). After adjustments for potential confounding factors, participants in the highest quartile of SFA intake were less likely to have early AMD, compared with the lowest quartile (odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.96). A significant trend for decreased risk of early AMD with increasing SFA intake was noted (P = 0.011). There was no significant association between poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) including n3-PUFA intake and early AMD. Conclusions We found that increased SFA intake was associated with reduced risk of early AMD in a Japanese population with low SFA intake. Adequate fatty acid intake may be required to maintain retinal homeostasis and prevent AMD.
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Roh M, Shin HJ, Laíns I, Providência J, Caseiro-Alves M, Barreto P, Vavvas DG, Miller JB, Kim IK, Gaziano JM, Liang L, Silva R, Miller JW, Husain D. Higher Intake of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid and Monounsaturated Fatty Acid is Inversely Associated With AMD. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:20. [PMID: 32058563 PMCID: PMC7326508 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the association between dietary fat intake and the presence of AMD. Methods Cross-sectional, observational study with cohorts prospectively recruited from the United States and Portugal. AMD was diagnosed based on color fundus photographs with the AREDS classification. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate the percent energy intake of trans fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals for quintile of amount of FA were calculated. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the OR. Results We included 483 participants, 386 patients with AMD and 97 controls. Higher intake of trans fat was associated with a 2.3-fold higher odds of presence of AMD (P for trend = 0.0156), whereas a higher intake of PUFA (OR, 0.25; P for trend = 0.006) and MUFA (OR, 0.24; P for trend < 0.0001) presented an inverse association. Subgroup analysis showed that higher quintile of trans fat was associated with increased odds of having intermediate AMD (OR, 2.26; P for trend = 0.02); and higher quintile of PUFA and MUFA were inversely associated with intermediate AMD (OR, 0.2 [P for trend = 0.0013]; OR, 0.17 [P for trend < 0.0001]) and advanced AMD (OR, 0.13 [P for trend = 0.02]; OR, 0.26 [P for trend = 0.004]). Additionally, a statistically significant effect modification by country was noted with inverse association between MUFA and AMD being significant (OR, 0.04; P for trend < 0.0001) for the Portugal population only. Conclusions Our study shows that higher dietary intake of trans fat is associated with the presence of AMD, and a higher intake of PUFA and MUFA is inversely associated with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miin Roh
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hyun Joon Shin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, United States
| | - Inês Laíns
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Providência
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Patrícia Barreto
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John B. Miller
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John Michael Gaziano
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rufino Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joan W. Miller
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Deeba Husain
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Apolipoprotein E Deficiency Causes Endothelial Dysfunction in the Mouse Retina. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5181429. [PMID: 31781340 PMCID: PMC6875001 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5181429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Atherogenic lipoproteins may impair vascular reactivity consecutively causing tissue damage in multiple organs via abnormal perfusion and excessive reactive oxygen species generation. We tested the hypothesis that chronic hypercholesterolemia causes endothelial dysfunction and cell loss in the retina. Methods Twelve-month-old apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice and age-matched wild-type controls were used in this study (n = 8 per genotype for each experiment). Intraocular pressure, blood pressure, and ocular perfusion pressure were determined. Retinal arteriole responses were studied in vitro, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were quantified in the retinal and optic nerve cryosections. The expression of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and the NADPH oxidase isoforms, NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4, were determined in retinal cryosections by immunofluorescence microscopy. Pro- and antioxidant redox genes were quantified in retinal explants by PCR. Moreover, cell number in the retinal ganglion cell layer and axon number in the optic nerve was calculated. Results Responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, acetylcholine, were markedly impaired in retinal arterioles of ApoE-/- mice (P < 0.01). LOX-1 (P = 0.0007) and NOX2 (P = 0.0027) expressions as well as levels of reactive oxygen species (P = 0.0022) were increased in blood vessels but not in other retinal structures. In contrast, reactive nitrogen species were barely detectable in both mouse genotypes. Messenger RNA for HIF-1α, VEGF-A, NOX1, and NOX2, but also for various antioxidant redox genes was elevated in the retina of ApoE-/- mice. Total cell number in the retinal ganglion cell layer did not differ between ApoE-/- and wild-type mice (P = 0.2171). Also, axon number in the optic nerve did not differ between ApoE-/- and wild-type mice (P = 0.6435). Conclusion Apolipoprotein E deficiency induces oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in retinal arterioles, which may trigger hypoxia in the retinal tissue. Oxidative stress in nonvascular retinal tissue appears to be prevented by the upregulation of antioxidant redox enzymes, resulting in neuron preservation.
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Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, Fawzi A, Lim JI, Vemulakonda GA, Ying GS. Age-Related Macular Degeneration Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology 2019; 127:P1-P65. [PMID: 31757502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven T Bailey
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Amani Fawzi
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | - G Atma Vemulakonda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Gui-Shuang Ying
- Center for Preventative Ophthalmology and Biostatistics, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Handa JT, Bowes Rickman C, Dick AD, Gorin MB, Miller JW, Toth CA, Ueffing M, Zarbin M, Farrer LA. A systems biology approach towards understanding and treating non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3347. [PMID: 31350409 PMCID: PMC6659646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11262-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in the developed world. While treatment is effective for the neovascular or “wet” form of AMD, no therapy is successful for the non-neovascular or “dry” form. Here we discuss the current knowledge on dry AMD pathobiology and propose future research directions that would expedite the development of new treatments. In our view, these should emphasize system biology approaches that integrate omic, pharmacological, and clinical data into mathematical models that can predict disease onset and progression, identify biomarkers, establish disease causing mechanisms, and monitor response to therapy. No effective therapies exist for dry age-related macular degeneration. In this perspective, the authors propose that research should emphasize system biology approaches that integrate various ‘omics’ data into mathematical models to establish pathogenic mechanisms on which to design novel treatments, and identify biomarkers that predict disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA.
| | - Cathy Bowes Rickman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Translational Health Sciences (Ophthalmology), University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TH, UK.,University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology and the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL-Institute of Ophthalmology, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Michael B Gorin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jules Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA.,Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, 90095, CA, USA
| | - Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Ophthalmology AMD Center of Excellence, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Toth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Marco Zarbin
- Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, 07103, NJ, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA.
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Maugeri A, Barchitta M, Mazzone MG, Giuliano F, Agodi A. Complement System and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Implications of Gene-Environment Interaction for Preventive and Personalized Medicine. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7532507. [PMID: 30225264 PMCID: PMC6129329 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7532507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of visual loss in developed countries, with a significant economic and social burden on public health. Although genome-wide and gene-candidate studies have been enabled to identify genetic variants in the complement system associated with AMD pathogenesis, the effect of gene-environment interaction is still under debate. In this review we provide an overview of the role of complement system and its genetic variants in AMD, summarizing the consequences of the interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors on AMD onset, progression, and therapeutic response. Finally, we discuss the perspectives of current evidence in the field of genomics driven personalized medicine and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maugeri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Martina Barchitta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Mazzone
- SIFI SpA, Research and Development Department, Via Ercole Patti 36, 95025 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Giuliano
- SIFI SpA, Research and Development Department, Via Ercole Patti 36, 95025 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Agodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “GF Ingrassia”, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Ebrahimi KB, Cano M, Rhee J, Datta S, Wang L, Handa JT. Oxidative Stress Induces an Interactive Decline in Wnt and Nrf2 Signaling in Degenerating Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:389-407. [PMID: 29186981 PMCID: PMC6025703 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cells have evolved a highly sophisticated web of cytoprotective systems to neutralize unwanted oxidative stress, but are challenged by unique modern day stresses such as cigarette smoking and ingestion of a high-fat diet (HFD). Age-related disease, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common cause of blindness among the elderly in Western societies, develops in part, when oxidative stress overwhelms cytoprotective systems to injure tissue. Since most studies focus on the protection by a single protective system, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of more than one cytoprotective system against oxidative stress. RESULTS Wingless (Wnt) and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), two fundamental signaling systems that are vital to cell survival, decline after mice are exposed to chronic cigarette smoke and HFD, two established AMD risk factors, in a bidirectional feedback loop through phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta. Decreased Wnt and Nrf2 signaling leads to retinal pigment epithelial dysfunction and apoptosis, and a phenotype that is strikingly similar to geographic atrophy (GA), an advanced form of AMD with no effective treatment. INNOVATION This study is the first to show that chronic oxidative stress from common modern day environmental exposures reduces two fundamental and vital cytoprotective networks in a bidirectional feedback loop, and their decline leads to advanced disease phenotype. CONCLUSION Our data offer new insights into how combined modern oxidative stresses of cigarette smoking and HFD contribute to GA through an interactive decline in Wnt and Nrf2 signaling. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 389-407.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon B Ebrahimi
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Marisol Cano
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Rhee
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sayantan Datta
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lei Wang
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James T Handa
- Wilmer Eye Institute , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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ADULT-ONSET FOVEOMACULAR VITELLIFORM DYSTROPHY EVALUATED BY MEANS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY: A Comparison With Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Healthy Eyes. Retina 2018; 38:731-738. [PMID: 28338556 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate alterations of superficial and deep retinal vascular densities, as well as of choroidal thickness, in patients affected by adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy (AOFVD). METHODS A total of 22 eyes (15 patients) affected by AOFVD were recruited in the study. Furthermore, 20 eyes of 20 healthy subjects and 20 eyes of 18 patients affected by intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were enrolled. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination, including optical coherence tomography angiography. Outcome measures were superficial vessel density, deep vessel density, and choroidal thickness. RESULTS Parafoveal superficial vessel density was increased in patients with AOFVD compared with the AMD group (50.6 ± 4.3% and 46.3 ± 4.3%, respectively, P = 0.016). Parafoveal deep vessel density was 57.9 ± 6.4% in patients with AOFVD, 52.2 ± 3.8% in patients with AMD, and 52.7 ± 6.0% in healthy controls (P = 0.006 and P = 0.035, respectively, after comparison with the AOFVD group). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that both superficial and deep vessel densities were significantly increased in patients with AOFVD, after the comparison with intermediate patients with AMD. These findings suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms in AOFVD are different from those in AMD and that optical coherence tomography angiography could be useful in differentiate early stages of these two diseases.
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van Leeuwen EM, Emri E, Merle BMJ, Colijn JM, Kersten E, Cougnard-Gregoire A, Dammeier S, Meester-Smoor M, Pool FM, de Jong EK, Delcourt C, Rodrigez-Bocanegra E, Biarnés M, Luthert PJ, Ueffing M, Klaver CCW, Nogoceke E, den Hollander AI, Lengyel I. A new perspective on lipid research in age-related macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 67:56-86. [PMID: 29729972 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgency to find new treatment strategies that could prevent or delay the onset or progression of AMD. Different classes of lipids and lipoproteins metabolism genes have been associated with AMD in a multiple ways, but despite the ever-increasing knowledge base, we still do not understand fully how circulating lipids or local lipid metabolism contribute to AMD. It is essential to clarify whether dietary lipids, systemic or local lipoprotein metabolismtrafficking of lipids in the retina should be targeted in the disease. In this article, we critically evaluate what has been reported in the literature and identify new directions needed to bring about a significant advance in our understanding of the role for lipids in AMD. This may help to develop potential new treatment strategies through targeting the lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eszter Emri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Benedicte M J Merle
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Johanna M Colijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Kersten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Audrey Cougnard-Gregoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sascha Dammeier
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Magda Meester-Smoor
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Delcourt
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Team LEHA, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Everson Nogoceke
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Imre Lengyel
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.
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Bates NM, Tian J, Smiddy WE, Lee WH, Somfai GM, Feuer WJ, Shiffman JC, Kuriyan AE, Gregori NZ, Kostic M, Pineda S, Cabrera DeBuc D. Relationship between the morphology of the foveal avascular zone, retinal structure, and macular circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5355. [PMID: 29599467 PMCID: PMC5876400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an extremely severe and common degenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between various parameters including the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) morphology, retinal layer thickness, and retinal hemodynamic properties in healthy controls and patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and with no mild DR (MDR) using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (Spectralis SDOCT, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Germany) and the Retinal Function Imager (Optical Imaging, Ltd., Rehovot, Israel). Our results showed a higher FAZ area and diameter in MDR patients. Blood flow analysis also showed that there is a significantly smaller venous blood flow velocity in MDR patients. Also, a significant difference in roundness was observed between DM and MDR groups supporting the development of asymmetrical FAZ expansion with worsening DR. Our results suggest a potential anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the diabetic retina with no retinopathy that may trigger the FAZ elongation in a preferred direction resulting in either thinning or thickening of intraretinal layers in the inner and outer segments of the retina as a result of autoregulation. A detailed understanding of these relationships may facilitate earlier detection of DR, allowing for preservation of vision and better clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan M Bates
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jing Tian
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - William E Smiddy
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wen-Hsiang Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gabor Mark Somfai
- Retinology Unit, Pallas Kliniken, Olten, Switzerland.,Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William J Feuer
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joyce C Shiffman
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ajay E Kuriyan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ninel Z Gregori
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Maja Kostic
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Pineda
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Delia Cabrera DeBuc
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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Malek G, Busik J, Grant MB, Choudhary M. Models of retinal diseases and their applicability in drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:359-377. [PMID: 29382242 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1430136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of vision debilitating diseases is a global public health concern, which will continue until effective preventative and management protocols are developed. Two retinal diseases responsible for the majority of vision loss in the working age adults and elderly populations are diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), respectively. Model systems, which recapitulate aspects of human pathology, are valid experimental modalities that have contributed to the identification of signaling pathways involved in disease development and consequently potential therapies. Areas covered: The pathology of DR and AMD, which serve as the basis for designing appropriate models of disease, is discussed. The authors also review in vitro and in vivo models of DR and AMD and evaluate the utility of these models in exploratory and pre-clinical studies. Expert opinion: The complex nature of non-Mendelian diseases such as DR and AMD has made identification of effective therapeutic treatments challenging. However, the authors believe that while in vivo models are often criticized for not being a 'perfect' recapitulation of disease, they have been valuable experimentally when used with consideration of the strengths and limitations of the experimental model selected and have a place in the drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goldis Malek
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA.,b Department of Pathology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Julia Busik
- c Department of Physiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- d Department of Ophthalmology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham , Al , USA
| | - Mayur Choudhary
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Duke University School of Medicine , Durham , NC , USA
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Zhao B, Wang M, Xu J, Li M, Yu Y. Identification of pathogenic genes and upstream regulators in age-related macular degeneration. BMC Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28651595 PMCID: PMC5485582 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-017-0498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in older individuals. Our study aims to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in AMD. Methods To screen pathogenic genes of AMD, an integrated analysis was performed by using the microarray datasets in AMD derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The functional annotation and potential pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further discovered by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. We constructed the AMD-specific transcriptional regulatory network to find the crucial transcriptional factors (TFs) which target the DEGs in AMD. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to verify the DEGs and TFs obtained by integrated analysis. Results From two GEO datasets obtained, we identified 1280 DEGs (730 up-regulated and 550 down-regulated genes) between AMD and normal control (NC). After KEGG analysis, steroid biosynthesis is a significantly enriched pathway for DEGs. The expression of 8 genes (TNC, GRP, TRAF6, ADAMTS5, GPX3, FAP, DHCR7 and FDFT1) was detected. Except for TNC and GPX3, the other 6 genes in qRT-PCR played the same pattern with that in our integrated analysis. Conclusions The dysregulation of these eight genes may involve with the process of AMD. Two crucial transcription factors (c-rel and myogenin) were concluded to play a role in AMD. Especially, myogenin was associated with AMD by regulating TNC, GRP and FAP. Our finding can contribute to developing new potential biomarkers, revealing the underlying pathogenesis, and further raising new therapeutic targets for AMD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12886-017-0498-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhao
- Department of Ophthlmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, No.706 Taishan street, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- Department of Ophthlmology, Peoples Hospital of Feicheng, No. 108 Xincheng Road, Feicheng, 271699, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthlmology, The First Peoples Hospital of Jining, Shandong, No.6 Jiankang Road, Jining, 272011, China.
| | - Min Li
- Department of Ophthlmology, The Third Peoples Hospital of Xintai, No.127 Cuyang street, Taian, 271212, China
| | - Yuhui Yu
- Department of Ophthlmology, Affiliated Hospital of Taishan Medical College, No.706 Taishan street, Taian, 271000, China
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Sacconi R, Corbelli E, Querques L, Bandello F, Querques G. A Review of Current and Future Management of Geographic Atrophy. Ophthalmol Ther 2017; 6:69-77. [PMID: 28391446 PMCID: PMC5449305 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-017-0086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease and a leading cause of vision impairment in elderly people in Western society. Geographic atrophy (GA), the late stage of dry AMD, is typically defined as a round or oval area of atrophy of 175 µm or more. In GA patients, visual acuity (VA) can still be good if the macula is spared, but decreased if GA extends through the fovea causing a great impairment of quality of life. Because of a poor correlation between VA and GA lesions or progression, a multimodal imaging approach is necessary to better follow up GA patients. In the last years, the introduction in clinical practice of new non-invasive tools such as fundus autofluorescence, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography helped the ophthalmologists to better understand the natural course of GA patients. However, several pathways concerning the pathogenesis of the disease are not completely clarified yet and should be investigated further. Although no approved therapy exists for GA, healthy lifestyle and nutritional intervention with some specific supplementations (e.g., vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, high dietary folate) may help to prevent the onset and to delay the progression of the disease. At the same time, several drugs are under evaluation in clinical trials with interesting results. These drugs try to stop several pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of GA, but probably only a few of these will prove truly effective, confirming the preliminary results, and will be available in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sacconi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Verona, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Corbelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lea Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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The impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on RPE degeneration in non-neovascular AMD. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 60:201-218. [PMID: 28336424 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a highly specialized, unique epithelial cell that interacts with photoreceptors on its apical side and with Bruch's membrane and the choriocapillaris on its basal side. Due to vital functions that keep photoreceptors healthy, the RPE is essential for maintaining vision. With aging and the accumulated effects of environmental stresses, the RPE can become dysfunctional and die. This degeneration plays a central role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathobiology, the leading cause of blindness among the elderly in western societies. Oxidative stress and inflammation have both physiological and potentially pathological roles in RPE degeneration. Given the central role of the RPE, this review will focus on the impact of oxidative stress and inflammation on the RPE with AMD pathobiology. Physiological sources of oxidative stress as well as unique sources from photo-oxidative stress, the phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments, and modifiable factors such as cigarette smoking and high fat diet ingestion that can convert oxidative stress into a pathological role, and the negative impact of impairing the cytoprotective roles of mitochondrial dynamics and the Nrf2 signaling system on RPE health in AMD will be discussed. Likewise, the response by the innate immune system to an inciting trigger, and the potential role of local RPE production of inflammation, as well as a potential role for damage by inflammation with chronicity if the inciting trigger is not neutralized, will be debated.
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Zhu W, Wu Y, Meng YF, Xing Q, Tao JJ, Lu J. Fish Consumption and Age-Related Macular Degeneration Incidence: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Prospective Cohort Studies. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110743. [PMID: 27879656 PMCID: PMC5133126 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between fish consumption and risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is still unclear. The aim of the current meta-analysis and systematic review was to quantitatively evaluate findings from observational studies on fish consumption and the risk of AMD. Relevant studies were identified by searching electronic databases (Medline and EMBASE) and reviewing the reference lists of relevant articles up to August, 2016. Prospective cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the link between fish consumption and risk of AMD were included. A total of 4202 cases with 128,988 individuals from eight cohort studies were identified in the current meta-analysis. The meta-analyzed RR was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.65-0.90) when any AMD was considered. Subgroup analyses by AMD stages showed that fish consumption would reduce the risk of both early (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72-0.96) and late (RR; 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.97) AMD. When stratified by the follow-up duration, fish consumption was a protective factor of AMD in both over 10 years (n = 5; RR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.97) and less than 10 years (n = 3; RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.97) follow-up duration. Stratified analyses by fish type demonstrated that dark meat fish (RR, 0.68, 95% CI, 0.46-0.99), especially tuna fish (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 95% CI, 0.47-0.71) intake was associated with reduced AMD risk. Evidence of a linear association between dose of fish consumption and risk of AMD was demonstrated. The results of this meta-analysis demonstrated that fish consumption can reduce AMD risk. Advanced, well-designed, randomized clinical trials are required in order to validate the conclusions in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Yi-Fang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Qian Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, China.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, China.
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Goyal S, Lyzogubov VV, Ali O, Bora PS, Bora NS, Uwaydat SH. Effect of aspirin on models of retinal pigment epithelium pathology. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 44:610-617. [PMID: 26861462 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To characterize the effect of aspirin (ASA) in mouse models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and retinal degeneration. METHODS In vivo: Male C57BL/6 mice were given ASA in food or regular rodent diet. CNV was induced by argon laser photocoagulation. Subretinal injections of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) were administered to induce retinal degeneration. CNV size, laser spot area and mean intensity of VEGF in the laser injured zones were measured. In the PEG injected eyes the thickness of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid was measured. In vitro: Human ARPE-19 cells were treated with 0.5 or 2.0 mM/L of ASA for 72 h. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of VEGF and CCL-2 in the supernatants. Additionally, damaged RPE monolayer was treated with ASA (0.5 or 2.0 mM/L) and vehicle separately. Size of damaged area was measured. ELISA was used to measure secretion of VEGF-A and CCL-2 by damaged cells after 24 h. RESULTS No statistically significant effect of ASA on CNV size, laser spot size or VEGF expression was noted in CNV model. In the PEG model, ASA did not have any effect on RPE and choroid thickness; however, a significant increase in RPE atrophy was observed (P = 0.02 + 38%). In addition, ASA had a significant effect on the ability of the RPE cells to regenerate and become confluent after mechanical damage. CONCLUSIONS ASA at doses consumed clinically for various medical causes may not worsen CNV in human subjects. However, ASA may increase RPE atrophy when consumed over long periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunali Goyal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
| | - Valeriy V Lyzogubov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Omair Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Puran S Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nalini S Bora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sami H Uwaydat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, Pat and Willard Walker Eye Research Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Toto L, Borrelli E, Mastropasqua R, Di Antonio L, Doronzo E, Carpineto P, Mastropasqua L. Association between outer retinal alterations and microvascular changes in intermediate stage age-related macular degeneration: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:774-779. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Toto L, Borrelli E, Di Antonio L, Carpineto P, Mastropasqua R. RETINAL VASCULAR PLEXUSES' CHANGES IN DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION, EVALUATED BY MEANS OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY. Retina 2016; 36:1566-72. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Souied EH, Aslam T, Garcia-Layana A, Holz FG, Leys A, Silva R, Delcourt C. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmic Res 2016; 55:62-9. [PMID: 26610051 DOI: 10.1159/000441359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Against a background of considerable epidemiological and other evidence implicating omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the negative results of the Age-Related Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) were unexpected. The possibility that the design, setting, intake or subjects of AREDS2 may not have permitted the prophylactic potential of omega-3 to be adequately demonstrated is considered. Epidemiological studies had indicated potential preventative effects of omega-3, and an earlier randomised prospective study (NAT2) showed that patients who achieved high red blood cell membrane EPA/DHA (eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid) levels were significantly protected against AMD compared with those with permanently low EPA/DHA levels. Various methodological differences between these studies are considered. NAT2 included a true placebo group, whereas control subjects in AREDS2 received a nutritional formula already found to be effective in AREDS1, but no placebo for DHA/EPA supplementation. Differences in the handling of non-compliant subjects and the formulation of the test formulations are considered. Given these considerations, and other lines of evidence from laboratory and clinical studies, closing the chapter on omega-3 in AMD prevention may be premature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Souied
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ittermann T, Jürgens C. Thyroid function: a new road to understanding age-related macular degeneration? BMC Med 2015; 13:95. [PMID: 25903272 PMCID: PMC4407388 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0343-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) continues to be amongst the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. AMD remains a degenerative disorder of unknown etiology with rising prevalence. It induces retinal changes and damages those parts of the retina which are essential for central vision. The risk of developing this condition is associated with increasing age. Early stages usually progress without warning signs over years. The major identified risk factors for AMD development are age, ethnicity, family history, and current smoking. Associations of other modifiable risk factors with AMD have been widely published but these studies have reported conflicting results and showed a lack of consistency. According to recent data published in BMC Medicine from the population-based Rotterdam study, thyroid hormones may contribute to a better characterization of AMD in clinical practice. In that study serum free thyroxine levels were positively associated with development of AMD. More studies are needed to validate these findings and to understand better the role of thyroid hormones in the pathogenesis of AMD disease. Please see related article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0329-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Clemens Jürgens
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther Rathenau Str. 48, D-17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Querques G, Souied EH. The role of omega-3 and micronutrients in age-related macular degeneration. Surv Ophthalmol 2014; 59:532-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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