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LeMasters K, D'Alessio AS, Touma F, Andrabi N, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Gutierrez C. The physiological toll of arrests: An examination of arrest history on midlife allostatic load. Ann Epidemiol 2024; 96:1-12. [PMID: 38796042 PMCID: PMC11283360 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand how allostatic load - cumulative physiologic burden of stress - varies by amount and timing of arrests stratified by race/ethnicity and by sex. METHODS Using The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we calculated descriptive statistics and mean differences in bio-marker measured allostatic load by arrest history stratified by race/ethnicity and sex. RESULTS One-third of participants experienced at least one arrest, and most experienced arrests only as adults. Allostatic load scores were higher for those that had ever experienced an arrest compared to never (mean difference: 0.58 (0.33, 0.84)). Similar results held for men and women and across race/ethnicity, but Black non-Hispanic individuals had higher allostatic load at all levels compared to other individuals. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing both any arrest and multiple arrests were associated with higher allostatic load. The stress of arrests may contribute to physiological maladaptations and poor health. The public health and law enforcement fields must recognize the detrimental consequences of arrests on physiological stress and search for non-carceral solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LeMasters
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Colorado Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Alena Sorensen D'Alessio
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Fatima Touma
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nafeesa Andrabi
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Carmen Gutierrez
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Bravo MA, Fang F, Hancock DB, Johnson EO, Harris KM. Long-term air pollution exposure and markers of cardiometabolic health in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 177:107987. [PMID: 37267730 PMCID: PMC10664021 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution exposure is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although exposure to air pollution early in life may represent a critical window for development of cardiovascular disease risk factors, few studies have examined associations of long-term air pollution exposure with markers of cardiovascular and metabolic health in young adults. OBJECTIVES By combining health data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) with air pollution data from the Fused Air Quality Surface using Downscaling (FAQSD) archive, we: (1) calculated multi-year estimates of exposure to ozone (O3) and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) for Add Health participants; and (2) estimated associations between air pollution exposures and multiple markers of cardiometabolic health. METHODS Add Health is a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study of over 20,000 adolescents aged 12-19 in the United States (US) in 1994-95 (Wave I). Participants have been followed through adolescence and into adulthood with five in-home interviews. Estimated daily concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 at census tracts were obtained from the FAQSD archive and used to generate tract-level annual averages of O3 and PM2.5 concentrations. We estimated associations between average O3 and PM2.5 exposures from 2002 to 2007 and markers of cardiometabolic health measured at Wave IV (2008-09), including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, C-reactive protein, and metabolic syndrome. RESULTS The final sample size was 11,259 individual participants. The average age of participants at Wave IV was 28.4 years (range: 24-34 years). In models adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and sex, long-term O3 exposure (2002-07) was associated with elevated odds of hypertension, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.015 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011, 1.029); obesity (1.022 [1.004, 1.040]); diabetes (1.032 [1.009,1.054]); and metabolic syndrome (1.028 [1.014, 1.041]); PM2.5 exposure (2002-07) was associated with elevated odds of hypertension (1.022 [1.001, 1.045]). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that long-term ambient air pollution exposure, particularly O3 exposure, is associated with cardiometabolic health in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes A Bravo
- Global Health Institute, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Fang Fang
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics and Translational Research Center, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Fellow Program, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Gonzalez CJ, Copeland M, Shapiro MF, Moody J. Associations of peer generational status on adolescent weight across Hispanic immigrant generations: A social network analysis. Soc Sci Med 2023; 323:115831. [PMID: 36931036 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity disproportionately impacts Hispanics in the United States (US), the nation's largest ethnic minority population. However, even among Hispanic children, those born in the US are at increased risk of developing obesity than those not born in the US (i.e. first-generation Hispanics). The objective of this study is to assess whether ethnic and generational differences in the friend networks of Hispanic adolescents moderate the association between immigrant generation and weight. METHODS We analyzed data from first-generation, second-generation, and third-generation Hispanic 12 to 19 year-old participants in Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Using multivariable linear regression, we examined the association between generational status and body mass index (BMI), and whether the ethnic and generational composition of friends moderated that association. RESULTS Higher generational status was associated with higher BMI. The ethnic and generational composition of friends was not independently associated with BMI among Hispanic adolescents. However, a social network with a greater proportion of second-generation Hispanics was positively associated with BMI among first-generation Hispanics, and negatively associated with BMI among second-generation Hispanics. CONCLUSIONS The generational status of peers in Hispanic adolescents' social networks, particularly the proportion that are second-generation Hispanic, moderates the positive association between immigrant generation and BMI. Moreover, this moderation effect is different across immigrant generations so that the proportion of second-generation adolescents within a social network is associated with higher BMI in first-generation Hispanic adolescents, but with lower BMI among those who are second-generation. These results were confirmed in sensitivity analyses. Our findings suggest that the generational composition of social networks alters the association between the generational status and weight of Hispanic adolescents, and thus that social factors within those networks may contribute to those associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Molly Copeland
- Department of Sociology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Martin F Shapiro
- Department of Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 E 68th St., New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - James Moody
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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4
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Touma F, Hummer RA. Race/ethnicity, immigrant generation, and physiological dysregulation among U.S. adults entering midlife. Soc Sci Med 2022; 314:115423. [PMID: 36283331 PMCID: PMC10112471 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to better understand racial/ethnic and immigrant generation disparities in physiological dysregulation in the early portion of the adult life course. Using biomarker-measured allostatic load, we focused on the health of child/adolescent immigrant, second-, and third-plus-generation Asian, Black, Hispanic, and White Americans in their late 30s and early 40s. We drew on restricted-access data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), Waves I and V. The results indicate lower levels of physiological dysregulation for most racial/ethnic groups of child/adolescent immigrants relative to both third-plus-generation Whites and third-plus-generation same race/ethnic peers. Socioeconomic, social, and behavioral control variables measured in different parts of the life course had little impact on these patterns. Thus, evidence of an immigrant health advantage is found for this cohort using allostatic load as a measure of physiological dysregulation, even though immigrants in Add Health arrived at the United States during childhood and adolescence. Implications of these findings in the context of immigrant health advantages and trajectories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Touma
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 155 Pauli Murray Hall, CB #3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3210, USA; Carolina Population Center, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516-2524, USA.
| | - Robert A Hummer
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 155 Pauli Murray Hall, CB #3210, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3210, USA; Carolina Population Center, 123 W. Franklin Street, CB #8120, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516-2524, USA
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5
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Kwon S, Menezes AMB, Ekelund U, Wehrmeister FC, Gonçalves H, da Silva BGC, Janz KF. Longitudinal change in physical activity and adiposity in the transition from adolescence to early adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:83. [PMID: 35836186 PMCID: PMC9284823 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the current Physical Activity Guidelines (PAG) for moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), abrupt transition from ≥ 60 min/day [youth PAG] to ≥ 150 min/week (≥ 22 min/day on average) [adult PAG] during emerging adulthood is poorly justified. The aim of this study was to examine body fat mass changes according to whether meeting the youth and adult PAGs in late adolescence (age 18 years) to early adulthood (age 22 years). Methods The study sample included 2,099 participants (1,113 females) from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Study. At ages 18 and 22 years, MVPA was measured using wrist-worn accelerometry and fat mass was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. MVPA at age 18 was categorized into two groups: 0–59 or ≥ 60 min/day (no [N] or yes [Y] for meeting the youth recommendation, respectively). MVPA at age 22 was categorized into three groups: 0–21, 22–59, or ≥ 60 min/day (N, Y22, or Y60 for not meeting the adult recommendation, meeting the adult recommendation, or meeting the youth recommendation, respectively). The combination of these groups created six MVPA groups (N&N, N&Y22, N&Y60, Y&N, Y&Y22, and Y&Y60). Sex-specific multivariable linear regression analyses were conducted to estimate change in fat mass index (FMI) from age 18 to 22 years in the six MVPA groups. Results Among males, compared to Y&Y60 (FMI increase = 1.2 kg/m2 [95% CI = 1.0, 1.4]), Y&Y22 and Y&N had larger FMI increases (1.9 [1.6, 2.1] and 1.9 [1.2, 2.5], respectively). Among females, Y&Y60 and Y&Y22 had an equal FMI increase (1.6 [1.4, 1.9] for both groups), while Y&N had a larger FMI increase (2.4 [1.8, 3.0]). Conclusions These findings suggest that among those who were active in late adolescence, engaging in ≥ 22 min/day of MVPA in adulthood is associated with lower body fat gain for females, but not for males. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01321-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyang Kwon
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Ave. Box 157, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Ana M B Menezes
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, R Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd floor,, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postboks 4014 Ulleål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fernando C Wehrmeister
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, R Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd floor,, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, R Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd floor,, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gonçalves C da Silva
- Post-Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, R Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3rd floor,, Pelotas, RS, CEP 96020-220, Brazil
| | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, 102 E FH, Iowa City, 52242, USA
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Fernández-Rhodes L, Butera NM, Lodge EK, Franceschini N, Llabre MM, Arredondo EM, Gallo LC, Arguelles W, Penedo FJ, Daviglus ML, Isasi CR, Smokowski P, Gordon-Larsen P, Aiello AE, Perreira KM, Sotres-Alvarez D, North KE. Demographic and sociocultural risk factors for adulthood weight gain in Hispanic/Latinos: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2064. [PMID: 34758813 PMCID: PMC8582171 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND United States (US) Hispanic/Latinos experience a disproportionate burden of obesity, which may in part be related to demographic or sociocultural factors, including acculturation to an US diet or inactive lifestyle. Therefore, we sought to describe the association between adulthood weight histories and demographic and sociocultural factors in a large diverse community-based cohort of US Hispanic/Latinos. METHODS We estimated the effect of several factors on weight gain across adulthood, using multivariable linear mixed models to leverage 38,759 self-reported current body weights and weight histories recalled for 21, 45 and 65 years of age, from 15,203 adults at least 21 years of age at the baseline visit of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011). RESULTS The average rate of weight gain was nearly 10 kg per decade in early adulthood, but slowed to < 5 kg a decade among individuals 60+ years of age. Birth cohort, gender, nativity or age at immigration, Hispanic/Latino background, and study site each significantly modified the form of the predicted adulthood weight trajectory. Among immigrants, weight gain during the 5 years post-migration was on average 0.88 kg (95% CI: 0.04, 1.72) greater than the weight gain during the 5 years prior. The rate of weight gain appeared to slow after 15 years post-migration. CONCLUSIONS Using self-reported and weight history data in a diverse sample of US Hispanic/Latinos, we revealed that both demographic and sociocultural factors were associated with the patterning of adulthood weight gain in this sample. Given the steep rate of weight gain in this population and the fact that many Hispanic/Latinos living in the US immigrated as adults, efforts to promote weight maintenance across the life course, including after immigration, should be a top priority for promoting Hispanic/Latino health and addressing US health disparities more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Fernández-Rhodes
- grid.29857.310000 0001 2097 4281Department of Biobehavioral Health, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Pennsylvania, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nicole M. Butera
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Evans K. Lodge
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Nora Franceschini
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Maria M. Llabre
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Elva M. Arredondo
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA San Diego, USA
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- grid.263081.e0000 0001 0790 1491Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, CA San Diego, USA
| | - William Arguelles
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606University of Miami, Miami, FL USA ,grid.418212.c0000 0004 0465 0852Baptist Health South Florida, Coral Gables, FL USA
| | - Frank J. Penedo
- grid.26790.3a0000 0004 1936 8606University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- grid.251993.50000000121791997Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY USA
| | - Paul Smokowski
- grid.10698.360000000122483208School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692School of Social Welfare, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Allison E. Aiello
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Kari E. North
- grid.10698.360000000122483208Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA ,grid.10698.360000000122483208Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC Chapel Hill, USA
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Werneck AO, Winpenny EM, Foubister C, Guagliano JM, Monnickendam AG, van Sluijs EMF, Corder K. Cohabitation and marriage during the transition between adolescence and emerging adulthood: A systematic review of changes in weight-related outcomes, diet and physical activity. Prev Med Rep 2020; 20:101261. [PMID: 33344148 PMCID: PMC7736988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting cohabitation and getting married were associated with increased BMI. Findings were mixed for the effect of starting cohabitation/marriage on PA. Limited evidence for the effect of starting cohabitation/marriage on diet.
Our aim was to systematically review the effect of cohabitation and marriage on physical activity, diet and weight-related outcomes during emerging adulthood. A systematic search of six electronic databases was conducted until July 2019 (PROSPERO:CRD42018106943). Prospective studies were included if data were presented for a weight-related outcome, physical activity, and/or diet among 15–35 years-old participants assessed pre- and post-cohabitation or marriage and compared to a consistently non-cohabiting/non-married (single) reference group. Following title/abstract screening, two reviewers independently screened full-text and assessed risk of bias. There were 11 studies that met inclusion criteria. Outcomes included: body mass index (BMI) only (n = 3), physical activity only (n = 4), diet only (n = 2), BMI and physical activity (n = 1), and all outcomes (n = 1). Cohabitation or marriage was associated with greater BMI increases compared to remaining single among both men and women. Three studies analysed separately cohabitation and marriage and 3 of 4 found that only marriage was associated with higher BMI. Compared to being consistently single, starting cohabitation or getting married were associated with decreased physical activity in 2 of 4 studies among men and 4 of 6 studies among women, with no differences between marriage and cohabitation. Of the three studies examining change in diet, two showed no difference between individuals beginning to cohabit compared to those remaining single; without gender differences. Starting cohabitation and getting married may be valuable targets for weight management interventions, but more studies are needed to investigate the effect of cohabitation and marriage on health behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- André O Werneck
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Physical Education. Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Eleanor M Winpenny
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Campbell Foubister
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alex G Monnickendam
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsten Corder
- MRC Epidemiology Unit and Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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8
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Sharman MJ, Jose KA, Tian J, Venn AJ, Canary J, Banks S, Ayton J, Cleland VJ. Childhood factors related to diverging body mass index trajectories from childhood into mid-adulthood: A mixed methods study. Soc Sci Med 2020; 270:113460. [PMID: 33485714 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Body mass index (BMI) trajectories that improve over the lifecourse result in better cardiometabolic profiles, but only a small proportion of children of an unhealthy weight show improving BMI trajectories. This study aimed to examine the childhood factors related to diverging BMI trajectories from childhood into adulthood using data from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health study. A convergent parallel mixed methods design was used. Quantitative data (n = 2206) came from the first (2004-06) and second (2009-11) adult follow-ups of 8498 Australian children (7-15 years) assessed in 1985. Using BMI z-scores, group-based trajectory modelling identified five trajectory groups: Persistently Low, Persistently Average, High Decreasing, Average Increasing and High Increasing. Qualitative data (n = 50) were collected from a sub-group (2016; 38-46 years). Semi-structured interviews with 6-12 participants from each BMI trajectory group focused on individual, social and environmental influences on weight, diet and physical activity across the lifecourse. Log multinomial regression modelling estimated relative risks of trajectory group membership across childhood demographic, behavioural, health, parental and school factors. Qualitative data were thematically analysed using a constant comparative approach. Childhood factors influenced BMI trajectories. Paternal education, main language spoken, alcohol and self-rated health were significant quantitative childhood predictors of BMI trajectory. A distinct 'legacy effect' of parental lifestyle influences during childhood was apparent among interview participants in the Stable and High Decreasing groups, a strong and mostly positive concept discussed by both men and women in these groups and persisting despite phases of unhealthy behaviours. In contrast, the 'legacy effect' was much weaker in the two Increasing BMI groups. This study is the first to simultaneously identify important quantitative and qualitative childhood factors related to divergent BMI trajectories, and to observe a legacy effect of parents' lifestyle behaviours on divergent BMI trajectories. This work provides direction for further exploration of the factors driving divergent BMI trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Sharman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Kim A Jose
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia; Institute for the Study of Social Change, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.
| | - Jing Tian
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Alison J Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Jana Canary
- Department of Developmental Education, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.
| | - Susan Banks
- Institute for the Study of Social Change, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Ayton
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Verity J Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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9
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El Chaar M, King K, Al-Mardini A, Galvez A, Claros L, Stoltzfus J. Thirty-Day Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Adolescents: a First Look at the MBSAQIP Database. Obes Surg 2020; 31:194-199. [PMID: 32712784 PMCID: PMC7382644 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric surgery is the only effective treatment of severe obesity. The number of adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery is increasing. However, bariatric surgery in adolescents is controversial. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of bariatric surgery in adolescents based on the MBSAQIP database (Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Project). METHODS We analyzed the 2015-2017 MBSAQIP database; patients ≤ 19 years of age were included in our analysis. Primary outcomes were 30-day serious adverse events (SAEs), organ space infection (OSI), re-intervention, and re-operation rates. Secondary outcomes included operation length, hospital stay, and re-admission rates. We conducted separate Mann-Whitney rank sums tests, chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate, with p < .05 denoting statistical significance. RESULTS A total of 1983 adolescent patients were included in our analysis. The average age and BMI were 18.1 and 47.5, respectively. Of adolescent patients, 21.7% underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) and 78.3% underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The 30-day SAE and readmission rates were significantly lower for LSG compared with LRYGB (2.9% and 2.6% vs 6.5% and 5.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). The 30-day reoperation rate was also lower for LSG compared with LRYGB albeit not significant (1.1% and vs 2.3%; p = 0.05). The 30-day intervention rate for LSG was significantly lower, however, compared with LRYGB (1.2% vs 3%; p < 0.05). Compared with adult patients, > 19 years old (n = 353,726), we found no difference in our outcomes. However, adolescents had significantly shorter operation length. CONCLUSION In adolescents, LSG had fewer SAE, re-intervention, and readmission rates compared with LRYGB. There was no difference in outcomes between adolescents and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher El Chaar
- St. Luke's University Health Network (SLUHN), Bethlehem, PA, USA.,Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith King
- St. Luke's University Health Network (SLUHN), Bethlehem, PA, USA. .,St Luke's University Health Network, 240 Cetronia Road, Suite 205 North, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA.
| | - Amin Al-Mardini
- St. Luke's University Health Network (SLUHN), Bethlehem, PA, USA
| | - Alvaro Galvez
- St. Luke's University Health Network (SLUHN), Bethlehem, PA, USA.,St Luke's University Health Network, 240 Cetronia Road, Suite 205 North, Allentown, PA, 18104, USA
| | - Leonardo Claros
- St. Luke's University Health Network (SLUHN), Bethlehem, PA, USA.,Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jill Stoltzfus
- St. Luke's University Health Network (SLUHN), Bethlehem, PA, USA.,Temple Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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Mooyaart JE, Liefbroer AC, Billari FC. Becoming obese in young adulthood: the role of career-family pathways in the transition to adulthood for men and women. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1511. [PMID: 31718621 PMCID: PMC6852731 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the transition to adulthood many young adults become obese for the first time in their lives, yet relatively little research has examined why people in this life phase become obese. This study examines what career and family life-course pathways during the transition to adulthood are related to developing obesity in young adulthood. METHODS We use data from the NLSY97, a U.S. nationally representative panel survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics between 1997 to 2013 (N = 4688), and apply multichannel sequence analysis in order to identify clusters of typical career-family pathways during the transition to adulthood (age 17 to 27), and subsequently investigate whether these pathways are associated with becoming obese at the end of young adulthood (age 28), using logistic regression. We control for obesity at age 17 and family background factors (race, parental education, parental income, and family structure). To take into account the fact that the transition to adulthood has a different meaning for men and for women, we also interact career-family clusters with gender. RESULTS For women, pathways characterized by college education, early home leaving, and postponement of family formation decrease the probability of becoming obese. For men, pathways characterized by early marriage increase the probability of becoming obese. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of gender differences in how career and family pathways are related to becoming obese in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarl E. Mooyaart
- Department of Sociology, McGill University, Peterson Hall Building 3460 McTavish Street, Montréal, QC H3A 0E6 Canada
| | - Aart C. Liefbroer
- Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, Lange Houtstraat 19, 2511 CV The Hague, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG) / University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Sociology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Francesco C. Billari
- Department of Social and Political Sciences and Carlo F. Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics and Public Policies, Bocconi University, Via Röntgen 1, 20136 Milan, MI Italy
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11
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Sokol RL, Ennett ST, Shanahan ME, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Halpern CT, Fisher EB. Maltreatment experience in childhood and average excess body mass from adolescence to young adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104070. [PMID: 31323420 PMCID: PMC7147074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have suggested maltreatment is a strong predictor of later weight outcomes, such that maltreatment experiences in childhood increase the likelihood of being overweight or obese in adulthood. Estimates of this relationship may be biased due to: 1) inadequate selection of covariates; 2) improper operationalization of child maltreatment; and 3) restricting analyses to cross-sectional outcomes. OBJECTIVES Evaluate how latent classes of child maltreatment experiences are associated with a longitudinal BMI measure from adolescence to adulthood. PARTICIPANTS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. METHODS We evaluated how previously developed latent classes of child maltreatment experiences were associated with average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, individuals in the poly-maltreatment class (b = 0.46, s.e. = 0.20) and individuals who experienced adolescent-onset maltreatment (b = 0.36, s.e. = 0.11) had higher average excess BMI compared to individuals in the no maltreatment class. After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between poly-maltreatment and average excess BMI abated, whereas the relationship between adolescent-onset maltreatment and average excess BMI sustained (b = 0.28, s.e. = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous findings, our analyses suggest the association between maltreatment experiences and longitudinal weight outcomes dissipates after controlling for relevant confounders. We did find a relationship, however, between adolescent-onset maltreatment and average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood. This suggests the importance of maltreatment timing in the relationship between maltreatment and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
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12
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Sokol RL, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Shanahan ME, Halpern CT, Fisher EB, Ennett ST. Sensitive Periods for the Association Between Childhood Maltreatment and BMI. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:495-502. [PMID: 31542127 PMCID: PMC7142333 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although previous research has suggested a positive association between child maltreatment and BMI over the life course, it is unclear when this develops. METHODS The authors used time-varying effect models and data from a nationally representative, longitudinal, cohort study (Add Health), to test how childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse uniquely varied in associations with BMI from age 13 to 28 years, and whether different patterns existed for male and female participants. Add Health collected data from 1994 to 2008, and the present analyses took place in 2018. RESULTS Age 18 years was the earliest that a relationship between maltreatment and BMI emerged for either sex. Child sexual abuse was negatively associated with BMI among male participants from 18.5 to 20 years, but positively associated with BMI among female participants from 19 to 24.5 years, and childhood emotional abuse was positively associated with BMI among female participants from 18 to 28 years. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between child maltreatment and BMI varies as a function of type of maltreatment, sex, and time. Notably, associations between maltreatment and BMI did not emerge until young adulthood. Future research should investigate mechanisms by which the association between maltreatment and BMI changes over time to identify trauma-informed intervention targets for improving weight outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Wickrama KKAS, Klopack ET, O'Neal CW, Beach SRH, Neppl T, Lorenz FO, Bae D. Life Course Patterns of Concurrent Trajectories of BMI and Affective Symptoms of Rural Mothers: Socioeconomic Antecedents and Disease Outcomes in Later Life. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2019; 74:1233-1244. [PMID: 31529127 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study, using prospective data over 25 years (1991-2015), concurrently investigates patterns of body mass index (BMI) and affective symptom trajectories in middle-aged mothers and the socioeconomic antecedents and disease outcomes of these patterns. METHOD Growth mixture modeling was used to identify latent classes of conjoint health risk trajectories (BMI, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms) from 1991 to 2001. For each latent class, we identified mean trajectories of each health risk. Then, analyses were conducted identifying how these conjoint health risk classes were associated with respondents' socioeconomic background profiles in 1991 and subsequent chronic health problems in 2015. RESULTS Socioeconomic background profiles were significantly associated with initially high-risk trajectories. There was a statistically significant association between membership in certain classes of conjoint trajectories and physical health outcomes in later years. Consistent patterns of association with changes in different health outcomes including onset of diseases were observed when classes of conjoint risk trajectories are examined. DISCUSSION The identification of members of various conjoint risk trajectory groups provides a potentially useful prognostic tool for early preventive intervention efforts, treatment, and policy formation. Such interventions should promote and develop resiliency factors, thereby aiding in the redirection of middle-aged women's adverse risk trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tricia Neppl
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Iowa State University, Ames
| | | | - Dayoung Bae
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, Athens
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14
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Zamora-Kapoor A, Sinclair K, Nelson L, Lee H, Buchwald D. Obesity risk factors in American Indians and Alaska Natives: a systematic review. Public Health 2019; 174:85-96. [PMID: 31326761 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed the literature on risk factors for obesity in American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs) of all ages. STUDY DESIGN We searched titles and abstracts in PubMed with combinations of the following terms: obesity, body mass index (BMI), American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native American. METHODS We limited our review to articles that provided an empirically testable claim about a variable associated with obesity, measured obesity as a dependent variable, and provided data specific to AI/ANs. RESULTS Our final sample included 31 articles; 20 examined AI/AN youth (<18 years), and 11 examined AI/AN adults (≥18 years). Risk factors for obesity varied by age. In infants, low birth weight, early termination of breastfeeding, and high maternal BMI, and maternal diabetes increased the risk of childhood obesity. In children and adolescents, parental obesity, sedentary behaviors, and limited access to fruits and vegetables were associated with obesity. In adulthood, sedentary behaviors, diets high in fats and carbohydrates, stress, verbal abuse in childhood, and the belief that health cannot be controlled were associated with obesity. CONCLUSIONS Extant studies have three limitations: they do not apply a life course perspective, they lack nationally representative data and have limited knowledge of the resilience, resistance and resourcefulness of AI/ANs. Future studies that avoid these shortcomings are needed to inform interventions to reduce the prevalence of obesity in AI/ANs across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zamora-Kapoor
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - K Sinclair
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - L Nelson
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - H Lee
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - D Buchwald
- Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health, Washington State University, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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15
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van Woerden I, Hruschka D, Schaefer DR, Fine KL, Bruening M. Evaluating Potential Behavioral Mediators for Increasing Similarity in Friends' Body Size among College Students. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11091996. [PMID: 31450804 PMCID: PMC6770838 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
College students and their friends become more similar in weight status over time. However, it is unclear which mediators explain this relationship. Using validated survey measures of diet, physical activity, alcohol intake, sleep behaviors, mental health, and food security status, we take a comprehensive look at possible factors associated with excess weight gain that may explain friends’ convergence on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, and waist to height ratio over time. We use linear mixed models applied to a longitudinal dataset of first-year college students to examine whether these variables satisfy two criteria for potential candidate mediators of friends’ influence on anthropometrics—cross-sectional similarity among friends (n = 509) and longitudinal associations with increasing anthropometrics (n = 428). While friends were similar on some survey measures (such as dining hall use, home cooked meal consumption, fruit intake, alcohol intake, hours of sleep, and stress). Only dining hall use and stress emerged as potential explanations for why friends’ BMI and anthropometric change may be similar. Given that only a few variables satisfied the two criteria as potential mediators, future research may need to consider alternative measurement approaches, including real-time assessments, objective measurements, and alternative factors causing the convergence of friends’ and college students’ body size over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene van Woerden
- College of Nursing, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
| | - Daniel Hruschka
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | - David R Schaefer
- Department of Sociology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kimberly L Fine
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Meg Bruening
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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16
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Sokol RL, Ennett ST, Gottfredson NC, Shanahan ME, Poti JM, Halpern CT, Fisher EB. Child Maltreatment and Body Mass Index over Time: The Roles of Social Support and Stress Responses. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 100:214-220. [PMID: 31885412 PMCID: PMC6934376 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An unhealthy body mass index (BMI) trajectory can exacerbate the burdens associated with child maltreatment. However, we have yet to explain why the relationship between maltreatment and BMI trajectories exists and what allows individuals to attain healthy BMI trajectories despite adversity. Guided by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, we evaluated (1) if peer friendship and adult mentors moderate, and (2) if impulsivity and depressive symptoms mediate, the relationship between maltreatment experiences and average excess BMI. We used data from four waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 17,696), following adolescents from ages 13-21 (Wave I) to 24-31 years (Wave IV). We did not find evidence of significant moderation or mediation of the maltreatment experience to average excess BMI relationship. However, models did demonstrate a relationship between peer friendship quality and average excess BMI, such that higher quality protected against higher average excess BMI (B = -0.073, s.e. = 0.02, p < 0.001). Age of maltreatment onset was also associated with average excess BMI, such that maltreatment onset in adolescence was associated with a higher average excess BMI (B = 0.275-0.284, s.e. = 0.11, p = 0.01). Although we found no evidence of moderation by social support or mediation by stress responses of the relationship between maltreatment experiences and average excess BMI, peer friendship appears to protect against higher average excess BMI from adolescence to young adulthood for all adolescents. Future public health interventions should consider how to leverage friendship in obesity prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
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17
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Sokol RL, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Halpern CT, Shanahan ME, Fisher EB, Ennett ST. Does a parsimonious measure of complex body mass index trajectories exist? Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 43:1113-1119. [PMID: 30206334 PMCID: PMC6430191 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0194-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single measure that distills complex body mass index (BMI) trajectories into one value could facilitate otherwise complicated analyses. This study creates and assesses the validity of such a measure: average excess BMI. METHODS We use data from Waves I-IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 17,669). We calculate average excess BMI by integrating to find the area above a healthy BMI trajectory and below each subject-specific trajectory and divide this value by total study time. To assess validity and utility, we (1) evaluate relationships between average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood and adult chronic conditions, (2) compare associations and fit to models using subject-specific BMI trajectory parameter estimates as predictors, and (3) compare associations to models using BMI trajectory parameter estimates as outcomes. RESULTS Average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood is associated with increased odds of hypertension (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67), hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.47), and diabetes (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67). The odds associated with average excess BMI are higher than the odds associated with the BMI intercept, linear, or quadratic slope. Correlations between observed and predicted health outcomes are slightly lower for some models using average excess BMI as the focal predictor compared to those using BMI intercept, linear, and quadratic slope. When using trajectory parameters as outcomes, some co-variates associate with the intercept, linear, and quadratic slope in contradicting directions. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the utility of average excess BMI as an outcome. The higher an individual's average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood, the greater their odds of chronic conditions. Future studies investigating longitudinal BMI as an outcome should consider using average excess BMI, whereas studies that conceptualize longitudinal BMI as the predictor should continue using traditional latent growth methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA.
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
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18
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Martin CL, Kane JB, Miles GL, Aiello AE, Harris KM. Neighborhood disadvantage across the transition from adolescence to adulthood and risk of metabolic syndrome. Health Place 2019; 57:131-138. [PMID: 31035097 PMCID: PMC6589127 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the association between neighborhood disadvantage from adolescence to young adulthood and metabolic syndrome using a life course epidemiology framework. Data from the United States-based National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 9500) and a structural equation modeling approach were used to test neighborhood disadvantage across adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood in relation to metabolic syndrome. Adolescent neighborhood disadvantage was directly associated with metabolic syndrome in young adulthood. Evidence supporting an indirect association between adolescent neighborhood disadvantage and adult metabolic syndrome was not supported. Efforts to improve cardiometabolic health may benefit from strategies earlier in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantel L Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Jennifer B Kane
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gandarvaka L Miles
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison E Aiello
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Sokol RL, Gottfredson NC, Shanahan ME, Halpern CT. Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Body Mass Index Trajectories. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2018; 93:196-202. [PMID: 30745712 PMCID: PMC6368259 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between childhood maltreatment experiences and body mass index (BMI) over time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we use latent profile analysis to create child maltreatment experience classes and latent growth modeling to understand how classes relate to BMI trajectories from adolescence to early adulthood. The best-fitting model suggests four child maltreatment experience classes: 1) poly-maltreatment (n=607); 2) physical abuse (n=1,578); 3) physical abuse and neglect (n=345); and 4) no childhood maltreatment (n=4,188). Class membership differentially predicts BMI trajectories, such that individuals in the no maltreatment, physical abuse, and physical abuse plus neglect classes exhibit the most stable BMI, and individuals in the poly-maltreatment class increase most rapidly (Χ2[9]=149.9, p < 0.001). Individuals in the poly-maltreatment class experience significantly higher BMI over time compared to the other three classes. In addition to overall growth differing between classes, there is substantial inter-individual variability in BMI trajectories within each class. Because BMI trajectories differ across different childhood maltreatment experiences-and substantial variability in BMI trajectories exists within these different experiences-future analyses should investigate mediators and moderators of this relationship to inform trauma-based therapies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
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20
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Gee GC, de Castro AB, Crespi CM, Wang MC, Llave K, Brindle E, Lee NR, Kabamalan MMM, Hing AK. Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES): study design and rationale. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:771. [PMID: 29925337 PMCID: PMC6011515 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5670-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immigrants to the United States are usually healthier than their U.S.-born counterparts, yet the health of immigrants declines with duration of stay in the U.S. This pattern is often seen for numerous health problems such as obesity, and is usually attributed to acculturation (the adoption of "American" behaviors and norms). However, an alternative explanation is secular trends, given that rates of obesity have been rising globally. Few studies of immigrants are designed to distinguish the effects of acculturation versus secular trends, in part because most studies of immigrants are cross-sectional, lack baseline data prior to migration, and do not have a comparison group of non-migrants in the country of origin. This paper describes the Health of Philippine Emigrants Study (HoPES), a study designed to address many of these limitations. METHODS HoPES is a dual-cohort, longitudinal, transnational study. The first cohort consisted of Filipinos migrating to the United States (n = 832). The second cohort consisted of non-migrant Filipinos who planned to remain in the Philippines (n = 805). Baseline data were collected from both cohorts in 2017 in the Philippines, with follow-up data collection planned over 3 years in either the U.S. for the migrant cohort or the Philippines for the non-migrant cohort. At baseline, interviewers administered semi-structured questionnaires that assessed demographic characteristics, diet, physical activity, stress, and immigration experiences. Interviewers also measured weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, blood pressure, and collected dried blood spot samples. DISCUSSION Migrants enrolled in the study appear to be representative of recent Filipino migrants to the U.S. Additionally, migrant and non-migrant study participants are comparable on several characteristics that we attempted to balance at baseline, including age, gender, and education. HoPES is a unique study that approximates a natural experiment from which to study the effects of immigration on obesity and other health problems. A number of innovative methodological strategies were pursued to expand the boundaries of current immigrant health research. Key to accomplishing this research was investment in building collaborative relationships with stakeholders across the U.S. and the Philippines with shared interest in the health of migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert C. Gee
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
| | - A. B. de Castro
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Box 357260, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Catherine M. Crespi
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
| | - May C. Wang
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
| | - Karen Llave
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
| | - Eleanor Brindle
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Box 353412, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Nanette R. Lee
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Talamban, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - Maria Midea M. Kabamalan
- Population Institute, College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippine, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Anna K. Hing
- UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772 USA
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Hargrove TW. Intersecting Social Inequalities and Body Mass Index Trajectories from Adolescence to Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2018; 59:56-73. [PMID: 29300495 PMCID: PMC6561119 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517746672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study combines multiple-hierarchy stratification and life course perspectives to address two research questions critical to understanding U.S. young adult health. First, to what extent are racial-ethnic inequalities in body mass index (BMI) gendered and/or classed? Second, do racial-ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic inequalities in BMI widen or persist between adolescence and early adulthood? Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort and growth curve models, results suggest that among white, black, and Hispanic American men and women ages 13 to 31, racial-ethnic inequality in BMI is greatest among women. Black women experience the highest adolescent BMI and the greatest increases in BMI with age. Furthermore, socioeconomic resources are less protective against weight gain for blacks and Hispanics, with the nature of these relationships varying by gender. Findings present a more nuanced picture of health inequality that renders visible the disproportionate burden of poor health experienced by marginalized groups.
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22
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Morrison EJ, Clark MM, Wieland ML, Weis JA, Hanza MMK, Meiers SJ, Patten CA, Sloan JA, Novotny PJ, Sim LA, Nigon JA, Sia IG. Relationship Between Negative Mood and Health Behaviors in an Immigrant and Refugee Population. J Immigr Minor Health 2018; 19:655-664. [PMID: 27669717 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-016-0506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Immigrants experience an escalation of negative health behaviors after arrival to the United States. Negative mood is associated with poorer health behaviors in the general population; however, this relationship is understudied in immigrant populations. Adolescent (n = 81) and adult (n = 70) participants completed a health behavior survey for immigrant families using a community-based participatory research approach. Data was collected for mood, nutrition, and physical activity. Adolescents with positive mood drank less regular soda, and demonstrated more minutes, higher levels, and greater social support for physical activity (all ps < .05). Adults with positive mood reported more snacking on fruits/vegetables, greater self-efficacy for physical activity, and better physical well-being (all ps < .05). Negative mood was associated with low physical activity level and poor nutritional habits in adolescent and adult immigrants. Designing community-based programs offering strategies for mood management and healthy lifestyle change may be efficacious for immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleshia J Morrison
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew M Clark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark L Wieland
- Division of Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer A Weis
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Sonja J Meiers
- Department of Nursing, Winona State University, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christi A Patten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeff A Sloan
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Paul J Novotny
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Leslie A Sim
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Irene G Sia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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23
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Nunez Lopez O, Jupiter DC, Bohanon FJ, Radhakrishnan RS, Bowen-Jallow KA. Health Disparities in Adolescent Bariatric Surgery: Nationwide Outcomes and Utilization. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:649-656. [PMID: 28867350 PMCID: PMC5667551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bariatric surgery represents an appropriate treatment for adolescent severe obesity, but its utilization remains low in this patient population. We studied the impact of race and sex on preoperative characteristics, outcomes, and utilization of adolescent bariatric surgery. METHODS Retrospective analysis (2007-2014) of adolescent bariatric surgery using the Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database, a national database that collects bariatric surgical care data. We assessed the relationships between baseline characteristics and outcomes (weight loss and remission of obesity-related conditions [ORCs]). Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and U.S. census data, we calculated the ratio of severe obesity and bariatric procedures among races and determined the ratio of ratios to assess for disparities. RESULTS About 1,539 adolescents underwent bariatric surgery. Males had higher preoperative body mass index (BMI; 51.8 ± 10.5 vs. 47.1 ± 8.7, p < .001) and higher rates of obstructive sleep apnea and dyslipidemia. Blacks had higher preoperative BMI (52.4 ± 10.6 vs. 47.3 ± 8.3; 48.7 ± 8.8; 48.2 ± 12.1 kg/m2; whites, Hispanics, and others, respectively p < .001) and higher rates of hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and asthma. Weight loss and ORCs remission rates did not differ between sexes or races after accounting for the rate of severe obesity in each racial group. White adolescents underwent bariatric surgery at a higher proportion than blacks and Hispanics (2.5 and 2.3 times higher, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative characteristics vary according to race and sex. Race and sex do not impact 12-month weight loss or ORC's remission rates. Minority adolescents undergo bariatric surgery at lower-than-expected rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Nunez Lopez
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
| | - Daniel C Jupiter
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Fredrick J Bohanon
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Ravi S Radhakrishnan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Sarcona A, Kovacs L, Wright J, Williams C. Differences in Eating Behavior, Physical Activity, and Health-related Lifestyle Choices between Users and Nonusers of Mobile Health Apps. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2017.1335630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Daw J, Margolis R, Wright L. Emerging Adulthood, Emergent Health Lifestyles: Sociodemographic Determinants of Trajectories of Smoking, Binge Drinking, Obesity, and Sedentary Behavior. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 58:181-197. [PMID: 28661779 PMCID: PMC5894852 DOI: 10.1177/0022146517702421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
During the transition to adulthood, many unhealthy behaviors are developed that in turn shape behaviors, health, and mortality in later life. However, research on unhealthy behaviors and risky transitions has mostly focused on one health problem at a time. In this article, we examine variation in health behavior trajectories, how trajectories cluster together, and how the likelihood of experiencing different behavior trajectories varies by sociodemographic characteristics. We use the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) Waves I to IV to chart the most common health behavior trajectories over the transition to adulthood for cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and sedentary behavior. We find that health behavior trajectories cluster together in seven joint classes and that sociodemographic factors (including gender, parental education, and race-ethnicity) significantly predict membership in these joint trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Daw
- 1 Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Laura Wright
- 3 University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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26
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Olson JS, Hayward MD. Breastfeeding, overweight status, and inflammation. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2017; 64:226-236. [PMID: 28364846 PMCID: PMC5380147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Research documents a host of health benefits of breastfeeding for infants and children, including long-term health conditions arising from inflammation. Here, we provide new evidence about this association, focusing on the link between breastfeeding in infancy and inflammation in early adulthood. Our study is based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) which allows us investigate a potentially important mediating pathway - overweight status from early adolescence into young adulthood. Results from pathway analyses in a structural equation modeling framework indicate that, in addition to a direct pathway linking breastfeeding and inflammation, an indirect pathway through overweight status across adolescence into young adulthood partially explains the association between breastfeeding and inflammation. Overweight status, moreover, links breastfeeding to inflammation not only through proximal timing of overweight status, but also through an indirect cascading process of overweight status over the life course that is evident in adolescence. Overall, this study highlights the importance of considering breastfeeding, overweight status and inflammation as dynamic life course processes that contribute to development of health inequalities.
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27
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Goldberg RE, Tienda M, Adserà A. Age at migration, family instability, and timing of sexual onset. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2017; 63:292-307. [PMID: 28202150 PMCID: PMC5321568 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study builds on and extends previous research on nativity variations in adolescent health and risk behavior by addressing three questions: (1) whether and how generational status and age at migration are associated with timing of sexual onset among U.S. adolescents; (2) whether and how family instability mediates associations between nativity and sexual debut; and (3) whether and how these associations vary by gender. We find that first- and second-generation immigrant youth initiate sexual activity later than native youth. Foreign-born youth who migrate after the start of adolescence exhibit the latest sexual onset; boys' sexual behavior is particularly sensitive to age at migration. Parental union stability is protective for first- and second-generation youth, especially boys; however, instability in co-residence with parents accelerates sexual debut for foreign-born girls, and dilutes protections from parental marital stability. Use of a non-English language at home delays sexual onset for immigrant girls, but not boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Goldberg
- Department of Sociology, University of California Irvine, 3151 Social Science Plaza, Irvine, CA 92697-5700, USA.
| | - Marta Tienda
- Department of Sociology, Princeton University, Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091, USA; Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091, USA.
| | - Alícia Adserà
- Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs, Princeton University, Wallace Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544-2091, USA.
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28
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Graff M, North KE, Richardson AS, Young KL, Mazul AL, Highland HM, Mohlke KL, Lange LA, Lange EM, Mullan Harris K, Gordon-Larsen P. BMI loci and longitudinal BMI from adolescence to young adulthood in an ethnically diverse cohort. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 41:759-768. [PMID: 28025578 PMCID: PMC5413409 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective The association of obesity susceptibility variants with change in
body mass index (BMI) across the life course is not well understood. Subjects In ancestry stratified models of 5,962 European American (EA), 2,080
African American (AA), and 1,582 Hispanic American (HA) individuals from the
National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we
examined associations between 34 obesity SNPs with per year change in BMI,
measured by the slope from a growth-curve analysis of two or more BMI
measurements between adolescence and young adulthood. For SNPs nominally
associated with BMI change (p<0.05), we interrogated age differences
within data collection Wave and time differences between age categories that
overlapped between Waves. Results We found SNPs in/near FTO, MC4R, MTCH2, TFAP2B, SEC16B, and
TMEM18 were significantly associated (p<0.0015
≈ 0.05/34) with BMI change in EA and the ancestry-combined
meta-analysis. Rs9939609 in FTO met genome-wide
significance at p<5e-08 in the EA and ancestry combined analysis,
respectively [Beta(se)=0.025(0.004);Beta(se)=0.021(0.003)]. No SNPs were
significant after Bonferroni correction in AA or HA, although 5 SNPs in AA
and 4 SNPs in HA were nominally significant (p<0.05). In EA and the
ancestry-combined meta-analysis, rs3817334 near MTCH2
showed larger effects in younger respondents, while rs987237 near
TFAP2B, showed larger effects in older respondents
across all Waves. Differences in effect estimates across time for
MTCH2 and TFAP2B are suggestive of
either era or cohort effects. Conclusion The observed association between variants in/near FTO, MC4R,
MTCH2, TFAP2B, SEC16B, and TMEM18 with change in BMI from
adolescence to young adulthood suggest that the genetic effect of BMI loci
varies over time in a complex manner, highlighting the importance of
investigating loci influencing obesity risk across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - K L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A L Mazul
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K L Mohlke
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L A Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - E M Lange
- Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Mullan Harris
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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29
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Gee GC, de Castro AB, Wang MC, Crespi CM, Morey BN, Fujishiro K. Feasibility of conducting a longitudinal, transnational study of filipino migrants to the United States: a dual-cohort design. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2016; 26:488-504. [PMID: 25913346 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2015.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of immigrant health are cross-sectional and fail to collect information prior to migration, leading to potential bias and confounding. The present pilot study examines the feasibility of studying migrants prospectively, with baseline data collected before migration. The study followed two cohorts of Filipinos for one year, a migrant cohort (n=27) that emigrated to the U.S. and a second non-migrant cohort (n=26) that remained in the Philippines. The one-year retention rate was 96%. The migrant cohort arrived in the U.S. within two months of their baseline assessment. Migrants and non-migrants did not differ with regard to body mass index, waist circumference, or waist to hip ratio at baseline or at follow-up. It is feasible to conduct a transnational, longitudinal study of two cohorts of Filipinos. This design provides important pre-migration information, is analogous to a natural experiment, can be upscaled, and allows for a rigorous examination of immigrant health.
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30
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Diet misreporting can be corrected: confirmation of the association between energy intake and fat-free mass in adolescents. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1425-1436. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSubjective energy intake (sEI) is often misreported, providing unreliable estimates of energy consumed. Therefore, relating sEI data to health outcomes is difficult. Recently, Börnhorst et al. compared various methods to correct sEI-based energy intake estimates. They criticised approaches that categorise participants as under-reporters, plausible reporters and over-reporters based on the sEI:total energy expenditure (TEE) ratio, and thereafter use these categories as statistical covariates or exclusion criteria. Instead, they recommended using external predictors of sEI misreporting as statistical covariates. We sought to confirm and extend these findings. Using a sample of 190 adolescent boys (mean age=14), we demonstrated that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat-free mass is strongly associated with objective energy intake data (onsite weighted breakfast), but the association with sEI (previous 3-d dietary interview) is weak. Comparing sEI with TEE revealed that sEI was mostly under-reported (74 %). Interestingly, statistically controlling for dietary reporting groups or restricting samples to plausible reporters created a stronger-than-expected association between fat-free mass and sEI. However, the association was an artifact caused by selection bias – that is, data re-sampling and simulations showed that these methods overestimated the effect size because fat-free mass was related to sEI both directly and indirectly via TEE. A more realistic association between sEI and fat-free mass was obtained when the model included common predictors of misreporting (e.g. BMI, restraint). To conclude, restricting sEI data only to plausible reporters can cause selection bias and inflated associations in later analyses. Therefore, we further support statistically correcting sEI data in nutritional analyses. The script for running simulations is provided.
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Bhatia S, Gibson TM, Ness KK, Liu Q, Oeffinger KC, Krull KR, Nathan PC, Neglia JP, Leisenring W, Yasui Y, Robison LL, Armstrong GT. Childhood cancer survivorship research in minority populations: A position paper from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. Cancer 2016; 122:2426-39. [PMID: 27253866 PMCID: PMC4956492 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By the middle of this century, racial/ethnic minority populations will collectively constitute 50% of the US population. This temporal shift in the racial/ethnic composition of the US population demands a close look at the race/ethnicity-specific burden of morbidity and premature mortality among survivors of childhood cancer. To optimize targeted long-term follow-up care, it is essential to understand whether the burden of morbidity borne by survivors of childhood cancer differs by race/ethnicity. This is challenging because the number of minority participants is often limited in current childhood cancer survivorship research, resulting in a paucity of race/ethnicity-specific recommendations and/or interventions. Although the overall childhood cancer incidence increased between 1973 and 2003, the mortality rate declined; however, these changes did not differ appreciably by race/ethnicity. The authors speculated that any racial/ethnic differences in outcome are likely to be multifactorial, and drew on data from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study to illustrate the various contributors (socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviors, and comorbidities) that could explain any observed differences in key treatment-related complications. Finally, the authors outlined challenges in conducting race/ethnicity-specific childhood cancer survivorship research, demonstrating that there are limited absolute numbers of children who are diagnosed and survive cancer in any one racial/ethnic minority population, thereby precluding a rigorous evaluation of adverse events among specific primary cancer diagnoses and treatment exposure groups. Cancer 2016;122:2426-2439. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Bhatia
- Institute for Cancer Outcomes and Survivorship, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Todd M Gibson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin C Oeffinger
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kevin R Krull
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Paul C Nathan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph P Neglia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Wendy Leisenring
- Cancer Prevention and Clinical Statistics Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Leslie L Robison
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Gregory T Armstrong
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Alonzo D, Conway A, Modrek AS. Latino suicidal adolescent psychosocial service utilization: The role of mood fluctuations and inattention. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:616-622. [PMID: 26583351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the specific factors related to whether or not Latino adolescents with suicide ideation (SI) will seek services. Utilizing Andersen's Behavior Model of Health Services Use (2008) the goal of this study is to identify the factors related to utilization of mental health services by Latino adolescents with SI to inform and improve suicide prevention efforts. METHOD Data from Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health was examined. Predispositional (gender, age), enabling/disabling (income, lack of insurance, difficulty obtaining medical care), and need (depressed mood, suicide attempt, perceived health, impulsivity, mood fluctuations, difficulties with attention, etc.) variables were examined via logistic regression as potential correlates of mental health service utilization. RESULTS Twenty-eight percent of the Latino adolescents with suicidal ideation (SI) in our sample received mental health services. Need factors such as daily mood fluctuations within the past 12 months (OR=4.78) and frequent difficulty focusing attention within the past week (OR=4.96), but not impulsivity, were associated with an increased likelihood of receiving mental health services. No additional associations were observed. LIMITATIONS The current study is based on cross-sectional data. Therefore, statements about causality cannot be made. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that emotion regulation (e.g., daily mood fluctuations) and neurocognitive factors (e.g., difficulty with focusing attention) may be important factors to consider in the clinical assessment of Latino adolescents with SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Alonzo
- Graduate School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Anne Conway
- Graduate School of Social Work, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Anahid S Modrek
- Graduate School of Education, Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA
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33
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Rodgers RF, Pernal W, Matsumoto A, Shiyko M, Intille S, Franko DL. Capitalizing on mobile technology to support healthy eating in ethnic minority college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:125-132. [PMID: 26630479 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2015.1085055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capacity of a mobile technology-based intervention to support healthy eating among ethnic minority female students. PARTICIPANTS Forty-three African American and Hispanic female students participated in a 3-week intervention between January and May 2013. METHODS Participants photographed their meals using their smart phone camera and received motivational text messages 3 times a day. At baseline, postintervention, and 10 weeks after the intervention, participants reported on fruit, vegetable, and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Participants were also weighed at baseline. RESULTS Among participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥25, fruit and vegetable consumption increased with time (p < .01). Among participants with BMI <21, consumption of fruit decreased (p < .05), whereas the consumption of vegetables remained stable. No effects were found for sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. CONCLUSION Mobile technology-based interventions could facilitate healthy eating among female ethnic minority college students, particularly those with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- a Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
- b Laboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université Paul Sabatier , Toulouse , France
| | - Wendy Pernal
- a Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- a Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Mariya Shiyko
- a Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Stephen Intille
- a Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Debra L Franko
- a Department of Counseling and Applied Educational Psychology , Northeastern University , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a health and weight management intervention for children who are African American. METHODS Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and fitness levels were measured in 222 students (kindergarten-eighth grade) from 2 schools (control and intervention). Baseline and outcome data were collected over the course of 2 academic years. The intervention group received education on good nutrition and active lifestyle. Intervention students were also given the Body Figure Perception Questionnaire. RESULTS Students in the intervention group who were obese/overweight were more likely to be less physically fit. The greater the intervention students' BMI, the larger the difference between their ideal and real body images. Intervention students' BMIs were maintained. The intervention group's posttest scores of knowledge about active lifestyle and good nutrition were significantly higher than their pretest scores and higher than the control group's scores. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain prevention holds promise for reducing risk of overweight/obesity in the African-American population.
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Albrecht SS, Osypuk TL, Kandula NR, Gallo LC, Lê-Scherban F, Shrager S, Diez Roux AV. Change in waist circumference with longer time in the United States among Hispanic and Chinese immigrants: the modifying role of the neighborhood built environment. Ann Epidemiol 2015; 25:767-72.e2. [PMID: 26296266 PMCID: PMC4567919 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined whether living in neighborhoods supportive of healthier diets and more active lifestyles may buffer immigrants against the unhealthy weight gain that is purported to occur with longer length of US residence. METHODS Neighborhood data referring to a 1-mile buffer around participants' baseline home addresses were linked to longitudinal data from 877 Hispanic and 684 Chinese immigrants aged 45 to 84 years in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We used ethnicity-stratified linear mixed models to examine whether food and activity-based neighborhood measures (healthy food stores, walkability, and recreational facilities) were associated with change in waist circumference (WC) over a 9-year follow-up. RESULTS Among Hispanics, living in neighborhoods with more resources for healthy food and recreational activity was related to lower baseline WC. However, there was no association with change in WC over time. Among Chinese, living in more walkable neighborhoods was associated with lower baseline WC and with slower increases in WC over time, especially among the most recent immigrant arrivals. CONCLUSIONS Where immigrants reside may have implications for health patterns that emerge with longer time in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S Albrecht
- Department of Nutrition, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill.
| | - Theresa L Osypuk
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Namratha R Kandula
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Félice Lê-Scherban
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sandi Shrager
- Department of Biostatistics, Collaborative Health Studies Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
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Marquez B. Content and perception of weight-related maternal messages communicated to adult daughters. Eat Weight Disord 2015; 20:345-53. [PMID: 25481054 PMCID: PMC10013844 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-014-0169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined communication between mothers and overweight daughters on weight or weight-related behaviors through the perspective of adult daughters. METHODS Qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze in-depth individual interviews conducted with 15 adult daughters. RESULTS Mothers who actively engaged in weight management behaviors, such as dieting and exercising regularly, transmitted these behaviors through modeling and served as continuous sources of verbal guidance on the topic. Weight management was discussed frequently and explicitly. Daughters relied on mothers for motivation in the form of supportive statements consisting of specific recommendations on weight management practices, encouragement to attempt or continue weight management practices, empathy with the struggle of managing weight, and affirmation of practices conducive to weight management. Mothers who did not engage in weight management behaviors were not viewed as credible sources for advice on diet and exercise. Daughters did most of the advice giving and modeling on weight management behaviors. Weight management was discussed infrequently and cautiously. Daughters perceived weight-related messages from mothers as unsolicited and critical. CONCLUSION The results suggest that shared lifestyle goals among family members are important for facilitating supportive communication and engagement in health-promoting behaviors and have implications for family-based weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Marquez
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0813, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA,
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Fu Q, George LK. Sex, Socioeconomic and Regional Disparities in Age Trajectories of Childhood BMI, Underweight and Overweight in China. ASIAN POPULATION STUDIES 2015; 11:134-148. [PMID: 31346343 DOI: 10.1080/17441730.2015.1038873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Using a longitudinal dataset from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), growth curve models were employed to examine age trajectories of BMI for 1,694 subjects who were aged 2-11 in 1993 and followed in four waves (1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006). Based on age- and sex-specific BMI cut-points recommended for international use, the prevalence rates of overweight and underweight in the transition from childhood to adulthood (age 6-18) were also predicted. Sex, family income, rural-urban residency and geographical location were found to be significantly associated with the onsets, slopes, and acceleration of age trajectories in BMI, overweight, and underweight (P<0.01). Children who had lower prevalence of underweight in the transition from childhood to adulthood exhibited higher prevalence of overweight than their counterparts did. Moreover, the age interval during which children were more vulnerable to an increase in underweight was different from that for overweight. There were substantial regional disparities in the age trajectories of childhood overweight and underweight. Whereas the analyses suggest that the dual burden of nutritional problems (the coexistence of overweight and underweight) in China is more like two sides of a coin than two separate health issues, the critical age period for intervening in childhood overweight is different from that of childhood underweight. Geographical indicators of childhood obesity in China deserve further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Sociology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Linda K George
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Early Childhood Obesity: Growth Trajectories in Body Mass Index. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2015; 3:129-37. [PMID: 26896112 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-015-0122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to describe growth trajectories in the body mass index (BMI) among the major racial and ethnic groups of US children and to identify predictors of children's BMI trajectories. METHODS The Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) was used to identify predictors of BMI growth trajectories, including child characteristics, maternal attributes, home practices related to diet and social behaviors, and family sociodemographic factors. Growth models, spanning 48 to 72 months of age, were estimated with hierarchical linear modeling via STATA/Xtmixed methods. RESULTS Approximately one-third of 4-year-old females and males were overweight and/or obese. African-American and Latino children displayed higher predicted mean BMI scores and differing mean BMI trajectories, compared with White children, adjusting for time-independent and time-dependent predictors. Several factors were significantly associated with lower mean BMI trajectories, including very low birth weight, higher maternal education level, residing in a two-parent household, and breastfeeding during infancy. Greater consumption of soda and fast food was associated with higher mean BMI growth. Soda consumption was a particularly strong predictor of mean BMI growth trajectory for young Black children. Neither the child's inactivity linked to television viewing nor fruit nor vegetable consumption was predictive of BMI growth for any racial/ethnic group. CONCLUSION Significant racial and ethnic differences are discernible in BMI trajectories among young children. Raising parents' and health practitioners' awareness of how fast food and sweetened-beverage consumption contributes to early obesity and growth in BMI-especially for Blacks and Latinos-could improve the health status of young children.
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Sutin AR, Rogers DL, Mercado A, Weimer A, Rodriguez CC, Gonzalez M, Robins RW, Schwartz SJ, Terracciano A. The association between personality traits and body mass index varies with nativity among individuals of Mexican origin. Appetite 2015; 90:74-9. [PMID: 25747285 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Personality traits have been associated consistently with health-related outcomes, but less is known about how aspects of the sociocultural environment modify these associations. This study uses a sample of participants of Mexican origin (N = 1013) to test whether exposure to the United States, indexed by nativity (Mexicans living in Mexico, foreign-born Mexican Americans, and U.S.-born Mexican Americans), moderates the association between personality traits and body mass index (BMI). Higher Conscientiousness was associated with lower BMI, regardless of nativity. In contrast, the association between Neuroticism and BMI was moderated by exposure to the U.S.: Neuroticism was associated with higher BMI among U.S.-born Mexican Americans (partial r = .15) but not among Mexican participants (partial r = .00), an effect strongest and most robust for the impulsivity facet of Neuroticism. This finding suggests that with more exposure to the United States, those who are more emotionally impulsive are at greater risk for obesity. More broadly, these findings suggest that social and psychological vulnerabilities interact to contribute to health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32308.
| | - Darrin L Rogers
- Psychology Department, W357 Thompson Hall, State University of New York at Fredonia, Fredonia, NY 14063
| | - Alfonso Mercado
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University, Edinburg, TX 78539
| | - Amy Weimer
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas-Pan American, 1201 W. University, Edinburg, TX 78539
| | | | - Monica Gonzalez
- Pedro de Alba S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 66450 San Nicolás de Los Garza, N.L., Mexico
| | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Seth J Schwartz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1120 N.W. 14th Street, 10th Floor, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, 1115 W. Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 32308
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Rodgers RF, Franko DL, Shiyko M, Intille S, Wilson K, O'Carroll D, Lovering M, Matsumoto A, Iannuccilli A, Luk S, Shoemaker H. Exploring healthy eating among ethnic minority students using mobile technology: Feasibility and adherence. Health Informatics J 2015; 22:440-50. [PMID: 25609082 DOI: 10.1177/1460458214565950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interventions aiming to help ethnically diverse emerging adults engage in healthy eating have had limited success. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of and adherence to an intervention capitalizing on mobile technology to improve healthy eating. Participants created an online photo food journal and received motivational text messages three times a day. Satisfaction with the intervention was assessed, as were control variables including depression and body dissatisfaction. In addition, weight and height were measured. Levels of adherence to the photo food journal were high with approximately two photos posted a day at baseline. However, adherence rates decreased over the course of the study. Body dissatisfaction positively predicted adherence, while body mass index negatively predicted study satisfaction. Mobile technology provides innovative avenues for healthy eating interventions. Such interventions appear acceptable and feasible for a short period; however, more work is required to evaluate their viability regarding long-term engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Rodgers
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Debra L Franko
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Mariya Shiyko
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Stephen Intille
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Kelcey Wilson
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Dympna O'Carroll
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Meghan Lovering
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Alyssa Iannuccilli
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
| | - Stephanie Luk
- Northeastern University, USALaboratoire de Stress Traumatique, Université de Toulouse, FranceNortheastern University, USA
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Albrecht SS, Gordon-Larsen P. Socioeconomic gradients in body mass index (BMI) in US immigrants during the transition to adulthood: examining the roles of parental education and intergenerational educational mobility. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:842-8. [PMID: 24847088 PMCID: PMC4133132 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-203814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite comparatively lower socioeconomic status (SES), immigrants tend to have lower body weight and weaker SES gradients relative to US-born individuals. Yet, it is unknown how changes in SES over the life-course relate to body weight in immigrants versus US-born individuals. METHODS We used longitudinal data from a nationally representative, diverse sample of 13 701 adolescents followed into adulthood to investigate whether associations between SES mobility categories (educational attainment reported by individuals as adults and by their parents during adolescence) and body mass index (BMI) measured in adulthood varied by immigrant generation. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and immigrant generation. RESULTS Among first-generation immigrants, although parental education was not associated with adult BMI, an immigrant's own education attainment was inversely associated with BMI (β=-2.6 kg/m(2); SE=0.9, p<0.01). In addition, upward educational mobility was associated with lower adult mean BMI than remaining low SES (β=-2.5 kg/m(2); SE=1.2, p<0.05). In contrast, among US-born respondents, college education in adulthood did not attenuate the negative association between parental education and adult BMI. Although an SES gradient emerged in adulthood for immigrants, remaining low SES from adolescence to adulthood was not associated with loss of health advantage relative to US-born respondents of US-born parents of similar SES. CONCLUSIONS Immigrants were able to translate higher SES in adulthood into a lower adult mean BMI regardless of childhood SES, whereas the consequences of lower childhood SES had a longer reach even among the upwardly mobile US born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. Albrecht
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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Lanza HI, Grella CE, Chung PJ. Does adolescent weight status predict problematic substance use patterns? Am J Health Behav 2014; 38:708-16. [PMID: 24933140 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.38.5.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify underlying patterns of cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and marijuana use in young adulthood, and ascertain whether adolescent overweight or obesity status predicts problematic substance use patterns. METHODS The study included 15,119 participants from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) at Wave 1 (11-19 years) and Wave 3 (18-26 years). Latent class analysis was conducted. RESULTS Participants were classified into a Low Substance Use (35%), Regular Smokers (12%), High-risk Alcohol use (33%), or High Substance Use (20%) class. Overweight/obese adolescents had a greater likelihood of belonging to the Regular Smokers class. CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obese adolescents are at higher risk of engaging in regular cigarette smoking without problematic alcohol or marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isabella Lanza
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Christine E Grella
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Paul J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Ro A. The longer you stay, the worse your health? A critical review of the negative acculturation theory among Asian immigrants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:8038-57. [PMID: 25111874 PMCID: PMC4143848 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110808038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have become increasingly interested in the health patterns of immigrants with longer residence in the United States, as this reveals the health consequences of integration processes. The negative acculturation effect has been the dominant interpretation of duration patterns, despite empirical and theoretical uncertainties about this assumption. This theory assumes that immigrant health declines with longer residence in the United States because of poorer health behaviors and health risks that reflect Americanized lifestyles. This paper reviews the empirical support for the negative acculturation theory among Asian immigrants to determine if and when it is an appropriate interpretation for duration patterns. I conclude that empirical inconsistencies and methodological issues limit the negative acculturation theory as the primary interpretation for duration patterns. First, there is no consistent evidence that health behaviors decline with time. There is also substantial group heterogeneity in duration patterns as well as heterogeneity across health outcomes. The literature has not adequately addressed methodological shortcomings, such as confounding by cohort effects or non-linear duration patterns. Length of residence in the United States is still an important aspect of Asian immigrant health, but the mechanisms of this relationship are still understudied. I propose alternative frameworks between duration and health that consider environmental influences and end with future research directions to explore research gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Ro
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, 653 E. Peltason Dr., CA 92697, USA.
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Kukaswadia A, Pickett W, Janssen I. Influence of country of birth and ethnicity on body mass index among Canadian youth: a national survey. CMAJ Open 2014; 2:E145-52. [PMID: 25295234 PMCID: PMC4183182 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20130088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The body mass index (BMI) of youth often changes when they immigrate to a new country as a result of the adoption of new behaviours, a process called acculturation. We investigated whether BMI differs by country of birth (Canada v. other countries) and ethnicity, both individually and together. We also examined whether time since immigration and health-related behaviour explain any observed BMI differences. METHODS Data sources were the Canadian Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study and the Canada Census of Population. Participants were youth in grades 6-10 (weighted sample n = 19 272). A questionnaire was used to assess participants' sociodemographic characteristics, height, weight and health-related behaviour. We calculated BMIs from participants' self-reported heights and weights and used World Health Organization growth references to determine BMI percentiles. RESULTS Based on self-reported heights and weights, BMI percentiles for foreign-born youth were lower than those of youth born in Canada (-4, 95% confidence interval [CI] -6 to -2). This difference did not decrease with time since immigration. Similarly, BMI percentiles were lower among East and Southeast Asian youth than their peers from the Canadian host culture (-4, 95% CI -6 to -2). Finally, BMI percentiles for foreign-born Arab and West Asian youth and East Indian and South Asian youth were lower than their Canadian-born peers of the same ethnicity (-14, 95% CI -22 to -7; -8, 95% CI -14 to -3). INTERPRETATION Immigrant generation and ethnicity were related to BMI among Canadian youth, both independently and together. Some ethnic groups showed differences by country of birth, i.e., East Indian and South Asian, while others showed no such difference, i.e., East and Southeast Asian. There was no association with time since immigration. Our findings reinforce the need to investigate country of birth and ethnicity when considering the determinants of childhood BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kukaswadia
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont
| | - William Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont
- Clinical Research Centre, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ont
| | - Ian Janssen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ont
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Gilthorpe MS, Dahly DL, Tu YK, Kubzansky LD, Goodman E. Challenges in modelling the random structure correctly in growth mixture models and the impact this has on model mixtures. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2014; 5:197-205. [PMID: 24901659 PMCID: PMC4098080 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174414000130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Lifecourse trajectories of clinical or anthropological attributes are useful for identifying how our early-life experiences influence later-life morbidity and mortality. Researchers often use growth mixture models (GMMs) to estimate such phenomena. It is common to place constrains on the random part of the GMM to improve parsimony or to aid convergence, but this can lead to an autoregressive structure that distorts the nature of the mixtures and subsequent model interpretation. This is especially true if changes in the outcome within individuals are gradual compared with the magnitude of differences between individuals. This is not widely appreciated, nor is its impact well understood. Using repeat measures of body mass index (BMI) for 1528 US adolescents, we estimated GMMs that required variance-covariance constraints to attain convergence. We contrasted constrained models with and without an autocorrelation structure to assess the impact this had on the ideal number of latent classes, their size and composition. We also contrasted model options using simulations. When the GMM variance-covariance structure was constrained, a within-class autocorrelation structure emerged. When not modelled explicitly, this led to poorer model fit and models that differed substantially in the ideal number of latent classes, as well as class size and composition. Failure to carefully consider the random structure of data within a GMM framework may lead to erroneous model inferences, especially for outcomes with greater within-person than between-person homogeneity, such as BMI. It is crucial to reflect on the underlying data generation processes when building such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. S. Gilthorpe
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School
of Medicine, University of Leeds,
Leeds, UK
| | - D. L. Dahly
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University
College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Y.-K. Tu
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine,
College of Public Health, National Taiwan
University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L. D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard
School of Public Health, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - E. Goodman
- Mass General Hospital for Children, Department of
Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School,
Boston, MA, USA
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House BT, Cook LT, Gyllenhammer LE, Schraw JM, Goran MI, Spruijt-Metz D, Weigensberg MJ, Davis JN. Meal skipping linked to increased visceral adipose tissue and triglycerides in overweight minority youth. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:E77-84. [PMID: 23613461 PMCID: PMC3759606 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of eating frequency on dietary intake, physical activity (PA), metabolic, and adiposity measures in minority youth. METHODS This analysis included 185 overweight (≥85th BMI percentile) Hispanic and African-American youth (8-18 years) with the following cross-sectional measures: height, weight, BMI, dietary intake, body composition, metabolic parameters, PA, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Each eating occasion (EO) was defined as ≥50 calories and ≥15 minutes from any previous EO. Participants were dichotomized based on EOs per 24-h into meal skippers <3 EO (MS; n = 27) or normal/frequent eaters ≥3 EO (NFE; n = 158). ANCOVAs were used to assess dietary intakes, metabolic outcomes, adiposity, and PA between eating frequency groups. RESULTS MS compared to NFE consumed 24% fewer calories per 24-h (P ≤ 0.01), 21% more calories per EO (P ≤ 0.01), ate 40% less often (P ≤ 0.01), had 18% higher triglycerides (P = 0.03), and 26% more VAT (P = 0.03), with no differences in PA. CONCLUSIONS Although meal skipping was associated with decreased energy intake, it was linked to increased calories per EO and higher triglycerides and VAT, which are strong indicators of deleterious metabolic profiles. These findings elucidate that meal skipping may be associated with increased VAT and related metabolic diseases in high-risk minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T House
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Texas, Texas, USA
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Meydan C, Twig G, Derazne E, Tzur D, Gordon B, Shamiss A, Afek A. The immigration effect on obesity and overweight in Israeli Jewish male adolescents born 1970-1993. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:424-31. [PMID: 24698110 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between age of arrival of male pediatric immigrant populations in Israel and their risk for subsequent high-weight morbidity at adolescence. METHODS The study analyzed a pooled cross section of 89,744 foreign-born male Jewish study participants, who were born in the former Soviet Union or Ethiopia (1970-1993) and immigrated in childhood to Israel. Each participant's body mass index was measured at approximately 17 years of age. Odds ratios were calculated for obesity and overweight according to age on arrival to Israel. A total of 52,503 Israel-born participants with origins in those same countries were measured at the same age and used as references. A total of 52,258 native Israelis without known immigrating ancestry were also used for comparison. The risk stratification accounted for possible socio-demographic confounders and birth year. RESULTS Foreign-born immigrants had decreased risk for obesity and overweight relative to Israeli-born immigrants when measured at the age of 17 years. However, those who arrived in Israel during infancy and early childhood (before the age of 3 years) had greater risk for high weight compared with those immigrating during late childhood and adolescence. CONCLUSIONS Although generally protective against obesity and overweight relative to native, these beneficial effects of immigration are diminished for those arriving in early childhood rather than later in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanan Meydan
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
| | - Gilad Twig
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel; The Pinchas Borenstein Talpiot Medical Leadership Program, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Estela Derazne
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dorit Tzur
- Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Barak Gordon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Ari Shamiss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Arnon Afek
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Department of Management, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Child and adolescent psychopathology predicts increased adult body mass index: results from a prospective community sample. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2014; 35:108-17. [PMID: 24343190 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between childhood and adolescent symptoms of (1) depression, (2) attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and (3) conduct disorder (CD) with adult body mass index (BMI) in a prospective longitudinal study of 3294 community participants in the Ontario Child Health Survey. METHODS One thousand nine hundred ninety-two children aged 4 to 11 years and 1302 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years at study entry in 1983 underwent follow-up in 2000. Body mass index data were available for 1886 adult participants in the year 2000, which comprised the final study sample. Data were collected from youth, parents, and teachers using a combination of parental, youth, and teacher self-report and semistructured interview. Body mass index is a derived variable determined from the self-reported height and weight in 2000. RESULTS Adults with depression, ADHD, or CD identified in childhood had increased body weight (BMI = 27.2 kg/m, 27.7 kg/m, and 27.9 kg/m, respectively) compared with their nonaffected peers (BMI = 24.8 kg/m; p < .001). Greater depressive symptoms in childhood were associated with increased adult BMI among boys (p = .02). Among adolescents, depression and sex interact in the association with adult BMI (p = .01). The association of childhood ADHD with adult overweight was completely accounted for by the effect of comorbid child conduct disturbance (p < .001) for both girls and boys. Greater conduct symptoms were associated with increased adult BMI (p = .04) among adolescent girls. CONCLUSION This epidemiologic study suggests that psychopathology in childhood is associated with increased adult BMI. Early identification of psychiatric illness may present key opportunities for targeted prevention of obesity.
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Ayala GX, Carnethon M, Arredondo E, Delamater AM, Perreira K, Van Horn L, Himes JH, Eckfeldt JH, Bangdiwala SI, Santisteban DA, Isasi CR. Theoretical foundations of the Study of Latino (SOL) Youth: implications for obesity and cardiometabolic risk. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:36-43. [PMID: 24246265 PMCID: PMC3879411 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This article describes the conceptual model developed for the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth, a multisite epidemiologic study of obesity and cardiometabolic risk among U.S. Hispanic/Latino children. METHODS Public health, psychology, and sociology research were examined for relevant theories and paradigms. This research, in turn, led us to consider several study design features to best represent both risk and protective factors from multiple levels of influence, as well as the identification of culturally relevant scales to capture identified constructs. RESULTS The Socio-Ecological Framework, Social Cognitive Theory, family systems theory, and acculturation research informed the specification of our conceptual model. Data are being collected from both children and parents in the household to examine the bidirectional influence of children and their parents, including the potential contribution of intergenerational differences in acculturation as a risk factor. Children and parents are reporting on individual, interpersonal, and perceived organizational and community influences on children's risk for obesity consistent with Socio-Ecological Framework. CONCLUSIONS Much research has been conducted on obesity, yet conceptual models examining risk and protective factors lack specificity in several areas. Study of Latino Youth is designed to fill a gap in this research and inform future efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe X Ayala
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA.
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Elva Arredondo
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA and the Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Alan M Delamater
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Krista Perreira
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Linda Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - John H Himes
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis
| | - John H Eckfeldt
- Department of Lab Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Shrikant I Bangdiwala
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Slattery MJ, Bredella MA, Thakur H, Torriani M, Misra M. Insulin resistance and impaired mitochondrial function in obese adolescent girls. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2013; 12:56-61. [PMID: 24251951 DOI: 10.1089/met.2013.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the development of muscle insulin resistance (IR) and the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) in skeletal muscle that can, in turn, interfere with insulin signaling. The purpose of this study was to assess mitochondrial function (MF) and IMCL in obese adolescent girls with and without IR to determine whether: (1) Girls with IR have impaired MF, and (2) impaired MF in girls with IR is related to higher IMCL. METHODS We examined 22 obese girls aged 13-21 years old for IR [defined as a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value >4. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), respectively, were used to determine MF and IMCL of the soleus muscle along with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of visceral, subcutaneous, and total adipose tissue (VAT, SAT, and TAT) in girls with HOMA-IR >4 (insulin-resistant group) versus HOMA-IR ≤ 4 (insulin-sensitive group). Serum lipids and waist-to-hip ratio (W/H) were also measured. RESULTS Girls with IR (n=8) did not differ from the insulin-sensitive group (n=14) for age, bone age, weight, VAT, SAT, TAT, or IMCL. However, the insulin-resistant group had higher W/H. Additionally the insulin-resistance group had a lower log rate of postexercise phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery (ViPCr) and a higher log PCr recovery constant (tau), indicative of impaired MF. CONCLUSIONS Obese girls with increased IR have impaired mitochondrial function. This association is not mediated by alterations in IMCL or adipose tissue. Further studies are necessary to determine whether there is a causal relation between impaired mitochondrial function and IR in obesity and mediators of such a relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Slattery
- 1 Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
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