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Jalili F, Hajizadeh M, Mehrabani S, Ghoreishy SM, MacIsaac F. The association between neighborhood socioeconomic status and the risk of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 1,678,582 participants. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 91:102598. [PMID: 38878681 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between neighborhood socioeconomic status (n-SES) and the risk of incidence and mortality in colorectal cancer (CRC). SETTING A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science and Scopus without any limitation until October 11, 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of observational studies in adult subjects (≥18 years) which provided data on the association between n-SES and CRC-related incidence and mortality. Relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were pooled by employing a random-effects model. We employed validated methods to assess study quality and publication bias, utilizing the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality evaluation, subgroup analysis to find possible sources of heterogeneity, Egger's regression asymmetry and Begg's rank correlation tests for bias detection and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Finally, 24 studies (21 cohorts and 3 cross-sectional studies) from seven different countries with 1678,582 participants were included. The analysis suggested that a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased incidence of CRC (RR=1.11; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.14; I2=64.4 %; p<0.001; n=46). The analysis also indicated a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased risk of mortality of CRC (RR=1.21; 95 % CI: 1.16, 1.26; I2=76.4 %; p<0.001; n=23). Furthermore, subgroup analysis revealed that there was a significant association between lower n-SES and an increased risk of incidence of CRC in colon location (RR=1.06; 95 % CI: 1.02, 1.10; I2=0.0 %; p=0.001; n=8), but not rectal location. In addition, subgroup analysis for covariates adjustment suggested that body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, or sex adjustment may influence the relationship between n-SES and the risk of incidence and mortality in CRC. CONCLUSION Lower n-SES was found to be a contributing factor to increased incidence and mortality rates associated with CRC, highlighting the substantial negative impacts of lower n-SES on cancer susceptibility and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faramarz Jalili
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Hajizadeh
- School of Health Administration, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sanaz Mehrabani
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lubarsky M, Hernandez AE, Collie BL, Westrick AC, Thompson C, Kesmodel SB, Goel N. Does structural racism impact receipt of NCCN guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment? Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024; 206:509-517. [PMID: 38809304 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Disparities in breast cancer survival remain a challenge. We aimed to analyze the effect of structural racism, as measured by the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), on receipt of National Cancer Center Network (NCCN) guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment. METHODS We identified patients treated at two institutions from 2005 to 2017 with stage I-IV breast cancer. Census tracts served as neighborhood proxies. Using 5-year estimates from the American Community Survey, 5 ICE variables were computed to create 5 models, controlling for economic segregation, non-Hispanic Black (NHB) segregation, NHB/economic segregation, Hispanic segregation, and Hispanic/economic segregation. Multi-level logistic regression models were used to determine the association between individual and neighborhood-level characteristics on receipt of NCCN guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment. RESULTS 5173 patients were included: 55.2% were Hispanic, 27.5% were NHW, and 17.3% were NHB. Regardless of economic or residential segregation, a NHB patient was less likely to receive appropriate treatment [(OR)Model1 0.58 (0.45-0.74); ORModel2 0.59 (0.46-0.78); ORModel3 0.62 (0.47-0.81); ORModel4 0.53 (0.40-0.69); ORModel5 0.59(0.46-0.76); p < 0.05]. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first analysis assessing receipt of NCCN guideline-concordant treatment by ICE, a validated measure for structural racism. While much literature emphasizes neighborhood-level barriers to treatment, our results demonstrate that compared to NHW patients, NHB patients are less likely to receive NCCN guideline-concordant breast cancer treatment, independent of economic or residential segregation. Our study suggests that there are potential unaccounted individual or neighborhood barriers to receipt of appropriate care that go beyond economic or residential segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Lubarsky
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra E Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brianna L Collie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ashly C Westrick
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cheyenne Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Susan B Kesmodel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neha Goel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
- University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL, USA.
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology | Department of Surgery, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street | Suite 410, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Nze C, Andersen CR, Ayers AA, Westin J, Wang M, Iyer S, Ahmed S, Pinnix C, Vega F, Nguyen L, McNeill L, Nastoupil LJ, Zhang K, Bauer CX, Flowers CR. Impact of patient demographics and neighborhood socioeconomic variables on clinical trial participation patterns for NHL. Blood Adv 2024; 8:3825-3837. [PMID: 38607394 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prior studies have demonstrated that certain populations including older patients, racial/ethnic minority groups, and women are underrepresented in clinical trials. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) seen at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) to investigate the association between trial participation, race/ethnicity, travel distance, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES). Using patient addresses, we ascertained nSES variables on educational attainment, income, poverty, racial composition, and housing at the census tract (CT) level. We also performed geospatial analysis to determine the geographic distribution of clinical trial participants and distance from patient residence to MDACC. We examined 3146 consecutive adult patients with NHL seen between January 2017 and December 2020. The study cohort was predominantly male and non-Hispanic White (NHW). The most common insurance types were private insurance and Medicare; only 1.1% of patients had Medicaid. There was a high overall participation rate of 30.5%, with 20.9% enrolled in therapeutic trials. In univariate analyses, lower participation rates were associated with lower nSES including higher poverty rates and living in crowded households. Racial composition of CT was not associated with differences in trial participation. In multivariable analysis, trial participation varied significantly by histology, and participation declined nonlinearly with age in the overall, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) models. In the DLBCL subset, Hispanic patients had lower odds of participation than White patients (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.21-0.62; P = .001). In our large academic cohort, race, sex, insurance type, and nSES were not associated with trial participation, whereas age and diagnosis were.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Nze
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Clark R Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amy A Ayers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jason Westin
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Michael Wang
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Swaminathan Iyer
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sairah Ahmed
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chelsea Pinnix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lynne Nguyen
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lorna McNeill
- Department of Health Disparities Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Loretta J Nastoupil
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Kehe Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Cici X Bauer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX
- Center for Spatial-Temporal Modeling for Applications in Population Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Lee J, Park J, Kim N, Nari F, Bae S, Lee HJ, Lee M, Jun JK, Choi KS, Suh M. Socioeconomic Disparities in Six Common Cancer Survival Rates in South Korea: Population-Wide Retrospective Cohort Study. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2024; 10:e55011. [PMID: 39041282 DOI: 10.2196/55011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In South Korea, the cancer incidence rate has increased by 56.5% from 2001 to 2021. Nevertheless, the 5-year cancer survival rate from 2017 to 2021 increased by 17.9% compared with that from 2001 to 2005. Cancer survival rates tend to decline with lower socioeconomic status, and variations exist in the survival rates among different cancer types. Analyzing socioeconomic patterns in the survival of patients with cancer can help identify high-risk groups and ensure that they benefit from interventions. Objective The aim of this study was to analyze differences in survival rates among patients diagnosed with six types of cancer-stomach, colorectal, liver, breast, cervical, and lung cancers-based on socioeconomic status using Korean nationwide data. Methods This study used the Korea Central Cancer Registry database linked to the National Health Information Database to follow up with patients diagnosed with cancer between 2014 and 2018 until December 31, 2021. Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by income status were generated, and log-rank tests were conducted for each cancer type to assess statistical significance. Hazard ratios with 95% CIs for any cause of overall survival were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models with the time since diagnosis. Results The survival rates for the six different types of cancer were as follows: stomach cancer, 69.6% (96,404/138,462); colorectal cancer, 66.6% (83,406/125,156); liver cancer, 33.7% (23,860/70,712); lung cancer, 30.4% (33,203/109,116); breast cancer, 91.5% (90,730/99,159); and cervical cancer, 78% (12,930/16,580). When comparing the medical aid group to the highest income group, the hazard ratios were 1.72 (95% CI 1.66-1.79) for stomach cancer, 1.60 (95% CI 1.54-1.56) for colorectal cancer, 1.51 (95% CI 1.45-1.56) for liver cancer, 1.56 (95% CI 1.51-1.59) for lung cancer, 2.19 (95% CI 2.01-2.38) for breast cancer, and 1.65 (95% CI 1.46-1.87) for cervical cancer. A higher deprivation index and advanced diagnostic stage were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions Socioeconomic status significantly mediates disparities in cancer survival in several cancer types. This effect is particularly pronounced in less fatal cancers such as breast cancer. Therefore, considering the type of cancer and socioeconomic factors, social and medical interventions such as early cancer detection and appropriate treatment are necessary for vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinWook Lee
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - JuWon Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Fatima Nari
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seowoo Bae
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Lee
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kui Son Choi
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Suh
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Watson C, Crichlow Q, Valaiyapathi B, Szaflarski JP, Fobian AD. The effects of racial and socioeconomic disparities on time to diagnosis and treatment of pediatric functional seizures in the United States. Seizure 2024; 119:58-62. [PMID: 38796952 PMCID: PMC11229518 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study sought to assess the effects of racial and socioeconomic status in the United States on time to treatment and diagnosis of pediatric functional seizures (FS). METHODS Eighty adolescents and their parent/guardian completed a demographics questionnaire and reported date of FS onset, diagnosis, and treatment. Paired samples t-tests compared time between FS onset and diagnosis, onset and treatment, and diagnosis and treatment based on race (White vs racial minority), annual household income (≤$79,999 vs ≥$80,000), maternal and paternal education (≤Associate's Degree vs Bachelor's Degree), and combined parental education (≤Post-graduate training vs Graduate degree). RESULTS Adolescents with lower annual household income began treatment >6 months later than adolescents with greater annual household income (p = 0.049). Adolescents with lower maternal and paternal education (≤Associate's Degree vs Bachelor's Degree) began treatment >4 and ∼8.5 months later than adolescents with greater maternal and paternal education (p = 0.04; p = 0.03), respectively. Adolescents with lower maternal education also received a diagnosis >5 months later (p = 0.03). Adolescents without a mother or father with a graduate degree received a diagnosis and began treatment∼3 and >11 months later (p = 0.03; p = 0.01) than adolescents whose mother or father received a graduate degree, respectively. No racial differences were found. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with lower annual household income and/or parental education experienced increased duration between FS onset and treatment and diagnosis. Research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and action is needed to reduce these disparities given FS duration is associated with poorer prognosis and greater effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Watson
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Queenisha Crichlow
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Badhma Valaiyapathi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, SC 1004, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, United States
| | - Aaron D Fobian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, SC 1004, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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6
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Xu J, Ma C, Hirschey R, Liu J, Neidre DB, Nielsen ME, Keyserling TC, Tan X, Song L. Associations of role, area deprivation index, and race with health behaviors and body mass index among localized prostate cancer patients and their partners. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01625-z. [PMID: 38888710 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations of role (localized prostate cancer (PCa) patient vs. their intimate partner), area deprivation index (ADI-higher scores indicating higher neighborhood deprivation levels), and race (Black/African American (AA) vs. White) with health behaviors and body mass index (BMI) among PCa patients and partners. The behaviors include smoking, alcohol consumption, diet quality, sedentary behaviors, and physical activity (PA). METHODS This study used the baseline data collected in a clinical trial. Given the nested structure of the dyadic data, multi-level models were used. RESULTS Significant role-race interaction effects on smoking, ADI-race effects on alcohol consumption, and role-ADI effects on BMI were found. Meanwhile, patients smoked more cigarettes, decreased alcohol consumption, had less healthful diets, spent longer time watching TV, did fewer sedentary hobbies, had more confidence in PA, and had higher BMIs than their partners. High ADI was independently associated with lower odds of drinking alcohol, using computer/Internet, and doing non-walking PA, and higher BMI compared to low ADI controlling for role and race. Black/AA dyads had less smoking amount and alcohol consumption and higher sedentary time and BMI than White dyads when adjusted for role and ADI. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant interaction and main effects of role, ADI, or race on health behaviors and BMI. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Future behavioral interventions should address divergent individual needs between patients and partners, social and neighborhood barriers, and cultural indicators of racial groups to promote healthful behaviors and improve the quality of survivorship for PCa patients and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Xu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxuan Ma
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Hirschey
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daria B Neidre
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Nielsen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Keyserling
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lixin Song
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Barber LE, Maliniak ML, Moubadder L, Johnson DA, Miller-Kleinhenz JM, Switchenko JM, Ward KC, McCullough LE. Neighborhood Deprivation and Breast Cancer Mortality Among Black and White Women. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2416499. [PMID: 38865125 PMCID: PMC11170302 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Neighborhood deprivation has been associated with increased breast cancer mortality among White women, but findings are inconsistent among Black women, who experience different neighborhood contexts. Accounting for interactions among neighborhood deprivation, race, and other neighborhood characteristics may enhance understanding of the association. Objective To investigate whether neighborhood deprivation is associated with breast cancer mortality among Black and White women and whether interactions with rurality, residential mobility, and racial composition, which are markers of access, social cohesion, and segregation, respectively, modify the association. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cohort study used Georgia Cancer Registry (GCR) data on women with breast cancer diagnosed in 2010 to 2017 and followed-up until December 31, 2022. Data were analyzed between January 2023 and October 2023. The study included non-Hispanic Black and White women with invasive early-stage (I-IIIA) breast cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2017 and identified through the GCR. Exposures The Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI), assessed in quintiles, was derived through principal component analysis of 2011 to 2015 block group-level American Community Survey (ACS) data. Rurality, neighborhood residential mobility, and racial composition were measured using Georgia Public Health Department or ACS data. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was breast cancer-specific mortality identified by the GCR through linkage to the Georgia vital statistics registry and National Death Index. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between neighborhood deprivation and breast cancer mortality. Results Among the 36 795 patients with breast cancer (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 60.3 [13.1] years), 11 044 (30.0%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 25 751 (70.0%) were non-Hispanic White. During follow-up, 2942 breast cancer deaths occurred (1214 [41.3%] non-Hispanic Black women; 1728 [58.7%] non-Hispanic White women). NDI was associated with an increase in breast cancer mortality (quintile 5 vs 1, HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.19-1.55) in Cox proportional hazards models. The association was present only among non-Hispanic White women (quintile 5 vs 1, HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.21-1.79). Similar race-specific patterns were observed in jointly stratified analyses, such that NDI was associated with increased breast cancer mortality among non-Hispanic White women, but not non-Hispanic Black women, irrespective of the additional neighborhood characteristics considered. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, neighborhood deprivation was associated with increased breast cancer mortality among non-Hispanic White women. Neighborhood racial composition, residential mobility, and rurality did not explain the lack of association among non-Hispanic Black women, suggesting that factors beyond those explored here may contribute to breast cancer mortality in this racial group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Barber
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Maret L. Maliniak
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Leah Moubadder
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dayna A. Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Jeffrey M. Switchenko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kevin C. Ward
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lauren E. McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia
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8
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Graboyes EM, Cagle JL, Ramadan S, Prasad K, Yan F, Pearce J, Mazul AL, Anoma JS, Hill EG, Chera BS, Puram SV, Jackson R, Sandulache VC, Tam S, Topf MC, Kahmke R, Osazuwa-Peters N, Nussenbaum B, Alberg AJ, Sterba KR, Halbert CH. Neighborhood-Level Disadvantage and Delayed Adjuvant Therapy in Head and Neck Cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 150:472-482. [PMID: 38662392 PMCID: PMC11046410 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2024.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Importance For patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), initiation of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) within 6 weeks of surgery is recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines and the Commission on Cancer. Although individual-level measures of socioeconomic status are associated with receipt of timely, guideline-adherent PORT, the role of neighborhood-level disadvantage has not been examined. Objective To characterize the association of neighborhood-level disadvantage with delays in receiving PORT. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included 681 adult patients with HNSCC undergoing curative-intent surgery and PORT from 2018 to 2020 at 4 US academic medical centers. The data were analyzed between June 21, 2023, and March 5, 2024. Main Outcome Measures and Measures The primary outcome was delay in initiating guideline-adherent PORT (ie, >6 weeks after surgery). Time-to-PORT (TTP) was a secondary outcome. Census block-level Area Deprivation Index (ADI) scores were calculated and reported as national percentiles (0-100); higher scores indicate greater deprivation. The association of ADI scores with PORT delay was assessed using multivariable logistic regression adjusted for demographic, clinical, and institutional characteristics. PORT initiation across ADI score population quartiles was evaluated with cumulative incidence plots and Cox models. Results Among 681 patients with HNSCC undergoing surgery and PORT (mean [SD] age, 61.5 [11.2] years; 487 [71.5%] men, 194 [29.5%] women) the PORT delay rate was 60.8% (414/681) and median (IQR) TTP was 46 (40-56) days. The median (IQR) ADI score was 62.0 (44.0-83.0). Each 25-point increase in ADI score was associated with a corresponding 32% increase in the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of PORT delay (aOR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07-1.63) on multivariable regression adjusted for institution, age, race and ethnicity, insurance, comorbidity, cancer subsite, stage, postoperative complications, care fragmentation, travel distance, and rurality. Increasing ADI score population quartiles were associated with increasing TTP (hazard ratio of PORT initiation, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.96; 0.59; 95% CI, 0.44-0.77; and 0.54; 95% CI, 0.41-0.72; for ADI quartiles 2, 3, and 4 vs ADI quartile 1, respectively). Conclusions and Relevance Increasing neighborhood-level disadvantage was independently associated with a greater likelihood of PORT delay and longer TTP in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate a critical need for the development of multilevel strategies to improve the equitable delivery of timely, guideline-adherent PORT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Graboyes
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Joshua Lee Cagle
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Salma Ramadan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Kavita Prasad
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Flora Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Pearce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Angela L. Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean-Sebastien Anoma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Elizabeth G. Hill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Bhisham S. Chera
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Sidharth V. Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- ENT Section, Operative CareLine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Samantha Tam
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael C. Topf
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Russel Kahmke
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nosayaba Osazuwa-Peters
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Deputy Editor, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery
| | - Brian Nussenbaum
- American Board of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony J. Alberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia
| | - Katherine R. Sterba
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Chanita Hughes Halbert
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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9
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Nwana N, Makram OM, Nicolas JC, Pan A, Gullapelli R, Parekh T, Javed Z, Titus A, Al-Kindi S, Guan J, Sun K, Jones SL, Maddock JE, Chang J, Nasir K. Neighborhood Walkability Is Associated With Lower Burden of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Cancer Patients. JACC CardioOncol 2024; 6:421-435. [PMID: 38983386 PMCID: PMC11229549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors constitute a significant cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality among patients with cancer. Recent studies suggest a potential link between neighborhood walkability and favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles in the general population. Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether neighborhood walkability is correlated with favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles among patients with a history of cancer. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Houston Methodist Learning Health System Outpatient Registry (2016-2022) comprising 1,171,768 adults aged 18 years and older. Neighborhood walkability was determined using the 2019 Walk Score and divided into 4 categories. Patients with a history of cancer were identified through International Classification of Diseases-10th Revision-Clinical Modification codes (C00-C96). We examined the prevalence and association between modifiable cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity) and neighborhood walkability categories in cancer patients. Results The study included 121,109 patients with a history of cancer; 56.7% were female patients, and 68.8% were non-Hispanic Whites, with a mean age of 67.3 years. The prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors was lower among participants residing in the most walkable neighborhoods compared with those in the least walkable neighborhoods (76.7% and 86.0%, respectively). Patients with a history of cancer living in very walkable neighborhoods were 16% less likely to have any risk factor compared with car-dependent-all errands neighborhoods (adjusted OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.92). Sensitivity analyses considering the timing of events yielded similar results. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate an association between neighborhood walkability and the burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among patients with a medical history of cancer. Investments in walkable neighborhoods may present a viable opportunity for mitigating the growing burden of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among patients with a history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nwabunie Nwana
- Center for Health and Nature, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Omar Mohamed Makram
- Center for Health and Nature, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan C Nicolas
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alan Pan
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rakesh Gullapelli
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tarang Parekh
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zulqarnain Javed
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anoop Titus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Center for Health and Nature, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jian Guan
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen L Jones
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jay E Maddock
- Center for Health and Nature, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny Chang
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Health Data Science and Analytics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Prevention and Wellness, Department of Cardiology, DeBakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist, Houston, Texas, USA
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10
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Gilmore N, Grant SJ, Bethea TN, Schiaffino MK, Klepin HD, Dale W, Hardi A, Mandelblatt J, Mohile S. A scoping review of racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities in the outcomes of older adults with cancer. J Am Geriatr Soc 2024; 72:1867-1900. [PMID: 38593225 PMCID: PMC11187671 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.18881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer health disparities are widespread. Nevertheless, the disparities in outcomes among diverse survivors of cancer ages 65 years and older ("older") have not been systematically evaluated. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of original research articles published between January 2016 and September 2023 and indexed in Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases. We included studies evaluating racial, ethnic, socioeconomic disadvantaged, geographic, sexual and gender, and/or persons with disabilities disparities in treatment, survivorship, and mortality among older survivors of cancer. We excluded studies with no a priori aims related to a health disparity, review articles, conference proceedings, meeting abstracts, studies with unclear methodologies, and articles in which the disparity group was examined only as an analytic covariate. Two reviewers independently extracted data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis reporting guidelines. RESULTS After searching and removing duplicates, 2573 unique citations remained and after screening 59 articles met the inclusion criteria. Many investigated more than one health disparity, and most focused on racial and ethnic (n = 44) or socioeconomic (n = 25) disparities; only 10 studies described geographic disparities, and none evaluated disparities in persons with disabilities or due to sexual and gender identity. Research investigating disparities in outcomes among diverse older survivors of cancer is increasing gradually-68% of eligible articles were published between 2020 and 2023. Most studies focused on the treatment phase of care (n = 28) and mortality (n = 26), with 16 examined disparities in survivorship, symptoms, or quality of life. Most research was descriptive and lacked analyses of potential underlying mechanisms contributing to the reported disparities. CONCLUSION Little research has evaluated the effect of strategies to reduce health disparities among older patients with cancer. This lack of evidence perpetuates cancer inequities and leaves the cancer care system ill equipped to address the unique needs of the rapidly growing and increasingly diverse older adult cancer population.
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11
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Chen J, Elsaid MI, Handley D, Plascak JJ, Andersen BL, Carson WE, Pawlik TM, Fareed N, Obeng-Gyasi S. Association Between Neighborhood Opportunity, Allostatic Load, and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1788-1798. [PMID: 38364197 PMCID: PMC11095867 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adverse neighborhood contextual factors may affect breast cancer outcomes through environmental, psychosocial, and biological pathways. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between allostatic load (AL), neighborhood opportunity, and all-cause mortality among patients with breast cancer. METHODS Women age 18 years and older with newly diagnosed stage I-III breast cancer who received surgical treatment between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2020, at a National Cancer Institute Comprehensive Cancer Center were identified. Neighborhood opportunity was operationalized using the 2014-2018 Ohio Opportunity Index (OOI), a composite measure derived from neighborhood level transportation, education, employment, health, housing, crime, and environment. Logistic and Cox regression models tested associations between the OOI, AL, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS The study cohort included 4,089 patients. Residence in neighborhoods with low OOI was associated with high AL (adjusted odds ratio, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.05 to 1.40]). On adjusted analysis, low OOI was associated with greater risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.45 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.89]). Relative to the highest (99th percentile) level of opportunity, risk of all-cause mortality steeply increased up to the 70th percentile, at which point the rate of increase plateaued. There was no interaction between the composite OOI and AL on all-cause mortality (P = .12). However, there was a higher mortality risk among patients with high AL residing in lower-opportunity environments (aHR, 1.96), but not in higher-opportunity environments (aHR, 1.02; P interaction = .02). CONCLUSION Lower neighborhood opportunity was associated with higher AL and greater risk of all-cause mortality among patients with breast cancer. Additionally, environmental factors and AL interacted to influence all-cause mortality. Future studies should focus on interventions at the neighborhood and individual level to address socioeconomically based disparities in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Chen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Mohamed I. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Secondary Data Core, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Demond Handley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Secondary Data Core, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jesse J. Plascak
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | | | - William E. Carson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Timothy M. Pawlik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Naleef Fareed
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Samilia Obeng-Gyasi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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12
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Borghi G, Delacôte C, Delacour-Billon S, Ayrault-Piault S, Dabakuyo-Yonli TS, Delafosse P, Woronoff AS, Trétarre B, Molinié F, Cowppli-Bony A. Socioeconomic Deprivation and Invasive Breast Cancer Incidence by Stage at Diagnosis: A Possible Explanation to the Breast Cancer Social Paradox. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1701. [PMID: 38730653 PMCID: PMC11083525 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the influence of area-based socioeconomic deprivation on the incidence of invasive breast cancer (BC) in France, according to stage at diagnosis. All women from six mainland French departments, aged 15+ years, and diagnosed with a primary invasive breast carcinoma between 2008 and 2015 were included (n = 33,298). Area-based socioeconomic deprivation was determined using the French version of the European Deprivation Index. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR) by socioeconomic deprivation and stage at diagnosis were compared estimating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) adjusted for age at diagnosis and rurality of residence. Compared to the most affluent areas, significantly lower IRRs were found in the most deprived areas for all-stages (0.85, 95% CI 0.81-0.89), stage I (0.77, 95% CI 0.72-0.82), and stage II (0.84, 95% CI 0.78-0.90). On the contrary, for stages III-IV, significantly higher IRRs (1.18, 95% CI 1.08-1.29) were found in the most deprived areas. These findings provide a possible explanation to similar or higher mortality rates, despite overall lower incidence rates, observed in women living in more deprived areas when compared to their affluent counterparts. Socioeconomic inequalities in access to healthcare services, including screening, could be plausible explanations for this phenomenon, underlying the need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Borghi
- Loire-Atlantique/Vendée Cancer Registry, 44093 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Delacôte
- Loire-Atlantique/Vendée Cancer Registry, 44093 Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD INCa-DGOS-INSERM-ITMO Cancer_18011, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Solenne Delacour-Billon
- Loire-Atlantique/Vendée Cancer Registry, 44093 Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD INCa-DGOS-INSERM-ITMO Cancer_18011, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Ayrault-Piault
- Loire-Atlantique/Vendée Cancer Registry, 44093 Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD INCa-DGOS-INSERM-ITMO Cancer_18011, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Tienhan Sandrine Dabakuyo-Yonli
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
- Côte d’Or Breast and Gynaecologic Cancer Registry, INSERM U1231, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Patricia Delafosse
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
- Isère Cancer Registry, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Woronoff
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
- Doubs Cancer Registry, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Brigitte Trétarre
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
- Hérault Cancer Registry, 34000 Montpellier, France
- EQUITY Research Team (Certified by the French League Against Cancer), CERPOP, UMR 1295, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Molinié
- Loire-Atlantique/Vendée Cancer Registry, 44093 Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD INCa-DGOS-INSERM-ITMO Cancer_18011, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
- EQUITY Research Team (Certified by the French League Against Cancer), CERPOP, UMR 1295, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Cowppli-Bony
- Loire-Atlantique/Vendée Cancer Registry, 44093 Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD INCa-DGOS-INSERM-ITMO Cancer_18011, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France
- French Network of Cancer Registries (FRANCIM), 31000 Toulouse, France
- EQUITY Research Team (Certified by the French League Against Cancer), CERPOP, UMR 1295, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31000 Toulouse, France
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13
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Rahman SN, Long JB, Westvold SJ, Leapman MS, Spees LP, Hurwitz ME, McManus HD, Gross CP, Wheeler SB, Dinan MA. Area Vulnerability and Disparities in Therapy for Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e248747. [PMID: 38687479 PMCID: PMC11061765 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.8747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Area-level measures of sociodemographic disadvantage may be associated with racial and ethnic disparities with respect to receipt of treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) but have not been investigated previously, to our knowledge. Objective To assess the association between area-level measures of social vulnerability and racial and ethnic disparities in the treatment of US Medicare beneficiaries with mRCC from 2015 through 2019. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study included Medicare beneficiaries older than 65 years who were diagnosed with mRCC from January 2015 through December 2019 and were enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare Parts A, B, and D from 1 year before through 1 year after presumed diagnosis or until death. Data were analyzed from November 22, 2022, through January 26, 2024. Exposures Five different county-level measures of disadvantage and 4 zip code-level measures of vulnerability or deprivation and segregation were used to dichotomize whether an individual resided in the most vulnerable quartile according to each metric. Patient-level factors included age, race and ethnicity, sex, diagnosis year, comorbidities, frailty, Medicare and Medicaid dual enrollment eligibility, and Medicare Part D low-income subsidy (LIS). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcomes were receipt and type of systemic therapy (oral anticancer agent or immunotherapy from 2 months before to 1 year after diagnosis of mRCC) as a function of patient and area-level characteristics. Multivariable regression analyses were used to adjust for patient factors, and odds ratios (ORs) from logistic regression and relative risk ratios (RRRs) from multinomial logistic regression are reported. Results The sample included 15 407 patients (mean [SD] age, 75.6 [6.8] years), of whom 9360 (60.8%) were men; 6931 (45.0%), older than 75 years; 93 (0.6%), American Indian or Alaska Native; 257 (1.7%), Asian or Pacific Islander; 757 (4.9%), Hispanic; 1017 (6.6%), non-Hispanic Black; 12 966 (84.2%), non-Hispanic White; 121 (0.8%), other; and 196 (1.3%), unknown. Overall, 8317 patients (54.0%) received some type of systemic therapy. After adjusting for individual factors, no county or zip code-level measures of social vulnerability, deprivation, or segregation were associated with disparities in treatment. In contrast, patient-level factors, including female sex (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.84) and LIS (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.36-0.65), were associated with lack of treatment, with particularly limited access to immunotherapy for patients with LIS (RRR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.14-0.43). Associations between individual-level factors and treatment in multivariable analysis were not mediated by the addition of area-level metrics. Disparities by race and ethnicity were consistently and only observed within the most vulnerable areas, as indicated by the top quartile of each vulnerability deprivation index. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of older Medicare patients diagnosed with mRCC, individual-level demographics, including race and ethnicity, sex, and income, were associated with receipt of systemic therapy, whereas area-level measures were not. However, individual-level racial and ethnic disparities were largely limited to socially vulnerable areas, suggesting that efforts to improve racial and ethnic disparities may be most effective when targeted to socially vulnerable areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed N. Rahman
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jessica B. Long
- Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sarah J. Westvold
- Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Michael S. Leapman
- Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lisa P. Spees
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Michael E. Hurwitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hannah D. McManus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Cary P. Gross
- Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephanie B. Wheeler
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Michaela A. Dinan
- Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
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14
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Salafian K, Mazimba C, Volodin L, Varadarajan I, Pilehvari A, You W, Knio ZO, Ballen K. The impact of social vulnerability index on survival following autologous stem cell transplant for multiple myeloma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2024; 59:459-465. [PMID: 38238453 PMCID: PMC10994832 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-024-02200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard of care for eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM) to prolong progression-free survival (PFS). While several factors affect survival following ASCT, the impact of social determinants of health such as the CDC Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is not well documented. This single-center retrospective analysis evaluated the impact of SVI on PFS following ASCT in MM patients. 225 patients with MM who underwent ASCT participated, with 51% transplanted in the last 5 years. At 5 years post-transplant, 55 (50%) achieved PFS and 66 (60%) remained alive. Higher SVI values were significantly associated with lower odds of PFS (OR = 0.521, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.41, 0.66]) and OS (OR = 0.592, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.46, 0.76]) post-transplant. Greater vulnerability scores in the socioeconomic status (OR = 0.890; 95% CI: [0.82, 0.96]), household characteristics (OR = 0.912; 95% CI: [0.87, 0.95]), and racial and ethnic minority status (OR = 0.854; 95% CI: [0.81, 0.90]) themes significantly worsened the odds of PFS. These results suggest high SVI areas may need more resources to achieve optimal PFS and OS. Future studies will focus on addressing factors within the socioeconomic status, household characteristics, and racial and ethnic minority subthemes, as these have a more pronounced effect on PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Salafian
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christine Mazimba
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leonid Volodin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Indumathy Varadarajan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Asal Pilehvari
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, and University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wen You
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, and University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ziyad O Knio
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Karen Ballen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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15
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Balogun Z, Gardiner LA, Li J, Moroni EA, Rosenzweig M, Nilsen ML. Neighborhood Deprivation and Symptoms, Psychological Distress, and Quality of Life Among Head and Neck Cancer Survivors. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 150:295-302. [PMID: 38386337 PMCID: PMC10884950 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2023.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Importance Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with increased risk of poor health and quality-of-life (QOL) outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. However, there are few data on how neighborhood deprivation affects patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in HNC survivors. Objective To investigate whether neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with symptom burden, psychological distress, and QOL among HNC survivors. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used prospectively collected data from patients seen in a university-affiliated multidisciplinary HNC survivorship clinic between September 2018 and September 2021 who received radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx or hypopharynx. Exposure Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation, measured using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Main Outcomes and Measures The PROMs pertaining to symptom burden and severity of psychological distress were measured using the Neck Disability Index, Insomnia Severity Index, the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale, and the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Physical and social-emotional QOL were obtained using the University of Washington QOL questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis adjusting for individual-level sociodemographic, comorbidity, and treatment characteristics investigated the association between ADI and PROMs. A subgroup analysis was performed to compare the lowest (most affluent areas: ADI, 0%-20%) and highest (most deprived areas: ADI, 80%-100%) ADI quintiles. Results A total of 277 patients were included in the final analysis (mean [SD] age, 64.18 [9.60] years; 215 [77.6%] male). Cancer sites were the oral cavity (52 [18.8%]), oropharyngeal area (171 [61.7%]), and larynx or hypopharynx (54 [19.5%]). Multivariable analysis showed that for every 1-point increase in ADI, social-emotional QOL changed by -0.14 points (95% CI, -0.24 to -0.05 points), anxiety increased by 0.03 points (95% CI, 0.01-0.06 points), and neck disability worsened by 0.05 points (95% CI, 0.01-0.10 points). Compared with patients in the most affluent areas, those in the most deprived areas had significantly lower physical (-15.89 points; 95% CI, -25.96 to -2.31 points; Cohen d = -0.83) and social-emotional (-13.57 points; 95% CI, -22.79 to -3.49 points; Cohen d = -0.69) QOL and higher depression (2.60 points; 95% CI, 0.21-4.40 points; Cohen d = 0.52), anxiety (3.12 points; 95% CI, 1.56-4.66 points; Cohen d = 0.61), insomnia (3.55 points; 95% CI, 0.33-6.41 points; Cohen d = 0.54), and neck disability (5.65 points; 95% CI, 1.66-9.55 points; Cohen d = 0.66) scores. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, a higher ADI score was associated with higher risk of increased psychological distress, higher symptom burden, and decreased QOL after treatment among HNC survivors. These findings suggest that proactive, patient-centered interventions are needed to address these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Balogun
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Lauren A. Gardiner
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A. Moroni
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret Rosenzweig
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marci Lee Nilsen
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Acute and Tertiary Care, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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16
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Goel N, Hernandez AE, Mazul A. Neighborhood Disadvantage and Breast Cancer-Specific Survival in the US. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e247336. [PMID: 38635268 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.7336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Despite improvements in breast cancer screening, treatment, and survival, disparate breast cancer-specific survival outcomes persist, particularly in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Most of these disparities are attributed to disparities in individual, tumor, and treatment characteristics. However, a critical knowledge gap exists as to whether disparities in breast cancer-specific survival remain after accounting for individual, tumor, and treatment characteristics. Objective To evaluate if neighborhood disadvantage is associated with shorter breast cancer-specific survival after controlling for individual, tumor, and treatment characteristics in a national population. Design, Setting, and Participants This national retrospective cohort study included patients with breast cancer diagnosed from 2013 to 2018 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 17 Census tract-level socioeconomic status and rurality database of the National Cancer Institute. Data analysis was performed from September 2022 to December 2023. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage measured by Yost index quintiles. Main Outcomes and Measures Breast cancer-specific survival was evaluated using a competing risks cause-specific hazard model controlling for age, race, ethnicity, rurality, stage, subtype, insurance, and receipt of treatment. Results A total of 350 824 patients with breast cancer were included; 41 519 (11.8%) were Hispanic, 39 631 (11.3%) were non-Hispanic Black, and 234 698 (66.9%) were non-Hispanic White. A total of 87 635 patients (25.0%) lived in the most advantaged neighborhoods (group 5) and 52 439 (14.9%) lived in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (group 1). A larger number of non-Hispanic White patients (66 529 patients [76.2%]) lived in advantaged neighborhoods, while disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest proportion of non-Hispanic Black (16 141 patients [30.9%]) and Hispanic patients (10 168 patients [19.5%]). Breast cancer-specific survival analysis found the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (group 1) had the highest risk of mortality (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.36-1.50; P < .001) compared with the most advantaged neighborhoods. Conclusions and Relevance In this national cohort study of patients with breast cancer, neighborhood disadvantage was independently associated with shorter breast cancer-specific survival even after controlling for individual-level factors, tumor characteristics, and treatment. This suggests potential unaccounted-for mechanisms, including both nonbiologic factors and biologic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alexandra E Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Angela Mazul
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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17
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You KL, Sereika SM, Bender CM, Hamilton JB, Mazanec SR, Brufsky A, Rosenzweig MQ. Health-related quality of life over chemotherapy course among individuals with early-stage breast cancer: the association of social determinants of health and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:224. [PMID: 38472437 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine relationships between health-related quality of life (HRQOL), social determinants of health, and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage in individuals with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC) during chemotherapy. METHODS This is a longitudinal study that recruited Black and White women with ESBC receiving chemotherapy. Participants completed questionnaires recording their sociodemographic information at baseline and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) to report their HRQOL before each chemotherapy cycle. Linear mixed modeling was employed to examine the associations between FACT-G scores, self-reported race, and area deprivation index (ADI) before and at the last chemotherapy cycle, with the duration of chemotherapy treatment as a covariate. RESULTS A total of 84 Black and 146 White women with ESBC completed the surveys. Linear mixed modeling results suggested that women with ESBC who reported being Black experienced significantly worse physical well-being than those who reported being White throughout chemotherapy, with a 0.22-point lower average (p = 0.02). Both Black and White women with ESBC experienced decreased functional well-being over the chemotherapy, and Black women consistently reported lower scores than White women, with the change in functional well-being over time differing between racial groups (p = 0.03). Participants' ADI national percentiles were not significantly associated with their HRQOL throughout chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore possible racial differences in some dimensions of HRQOL during chemotherapy among women with ESBC. Future research should consider further assessing life stressors and past experiences of discrimination and racism that may contribute to these disparities and guide proactive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Lin You
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Susan M Sereika
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine M Bender
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, 3500 Victoria Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jill B Hamilton
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan R Mazanec
- Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adam Brufsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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18
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Wadhwa A, Roscoe C, Duran EA, Kwan L, Haroldsen CL, Shelton JB, Cullen J, Knudsen BS, Rettig MB, Pyarajan S, Nickols NG, Maxwell KN, Yamoah K, Rose BS, Rebbeck TR, Iyer HS, Garraway IP. Neighborhood Deprivation, Race and Ethnicity, and Prostate Cancer Outcomes Across California Health Care Systems. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242852. [PMID: 38502125 PMCID: PMC10951732 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Non-Hispanic Black (hereafter, Black) individuals experience worse prostate cancer outcomes due to socioeconomic and racial inequities of access to care. Few studies have empirically evaluated these disparities across different health care systems. Objective To describe the racial and ethnic and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) disparities among residents of the same communities who receive prostate cancer care in the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system vs other settings. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study obtained data from the VA Central Cancer Registry for veterans with prostate cancer who received care within the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System (VA cohort) and from the California Cancer Registry (CCR) for nonveterans who received care outside the VA setting (CCR cohort). The cohorts consisted of all males with incident prostate cancer who were living within the same US Census tracts. These individuals received care between 2000 and 2018 and were followed up until death from any cause or censoring on December 31, 2018. Data analyses were conducted between September 2022 and December 2023. Exposures Health care setting, self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE), and nSES. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality (ACM). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios for associations of SIRE and nSES with prostate cancer outcomes in the VA and CCR cohorts. Results Included in the analysis were 49 461 males with prostate cancer. Of these, 1881 males were in the VA cohort (mean [SD] age, 65.3 [7.7] years; 833 Black individuals [44.3%], 694 non-Hispanic White [hereafter, White] individuals [36.9%], and 354 individuals [18.8%] of other or unknown race). A total of 47 580 individuals were in the CCR cohort (mean [SD] age, 67.0 [9.6] years; 8183 Black individuals [17.2%], 26 206 White individuals [55.1%], and 13 191 individuals [27.8%] of other or unknown race). In the VA cohort, there were no racial disparities observed for metastasis, ACM, or prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM). However, in the CCR cohort, the racial disparities were observed for metastasis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.22-1.52), ACM (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.24), and PCSM (AHR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25). Heterogeneity was observed for the racial disparity in ACM in the VA vs CCR cohorts (AHR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.76-1.06] vs 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04-1.24]; P = .01). No evidence of nSES disparities was observed for any prostate cancer outcomes in the VA cohort. However, in the CCR cohort, heterogeneity was observed for nSES disparities with ACM (AHR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.80-0.84; P = .002) and PCSM (AHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82-0.89; P = .007). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that racial and nSES disparities were wider among patients seeking care outside of the VA health care system. Health systems-related interventions that address access barriers may mitigate racial and socioeconomic disparities in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Wadhwa
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Charlotte Roscoe
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth A. Duran
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
- Center for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Lorna Kwan
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
| | - Candace L. Haroldsen
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- IDEAS Center (COIN), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jeremy B. Shelton
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Cullen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Beatrice S. Knudsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
- IDEAS Center (COIN), VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mathew B. Rettig
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
| | | | - Nicholas G. Nickols
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
| | - Kara N. Maxwell
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brent S. Rose
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego
- Center for Health Equity Education and Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Timothy R. Rebbeck
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hari S. Iyer
- Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick
| | - Isla P. Garraway
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Care, Veterans Affairs (VA) Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles), Los Angeles
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles
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19
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Hershman DL, Vaidya R, Till C, Barlow W, LeBlanc M, Ramsey S, Unger JM. Socioeconomic Deprivation and Health Care Use in Patients Enrolled in SWOG Cancer Clinical Trials. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e244008. [PMID: 38546646 PMCID: PMC10979311 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Reducing acute care use is an important strategy for improving value. Patients with cancer are at risk for unplanned emergency department (ED) visits and hospital stays (HS). Clinical trial patients have homogeneous treatment; despite this, structural barriers to care may independently impact acute care use. Objective To examine whether ED visits and HS within 12 months of trial enrollment are more common among Medicare enrollees who live in areas of socioeconomic deprivation or have Medicaid insurance. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included patients with cancer who were 65 years or older and treated in SWOG Cancer Research Network trials from 1999 to 2018 using data linked to Medicare claims. Data were collected from 1999 to 2019 and analyzed from 2022 to 2024. Main Outcomes and Measures Outcomes were ED visits, HS, and costs in the first year following enrollment. Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation was measured using patients' zip code linked to the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), measured on a 0 to 100 scale for increasing deprivation and categorized into tertiles (T1 to T3). Type of insurance was classified as Medicare with or without commercial insurance vs dual Medicare and Medicaid. Demographic, clinical, and prognostic factors were captured from trial records. Multivariable regression was used, and the association of ADI and insurance with each outcome was considered separately. Results In total, 3027 trial participants were analyzed. The median (range) age was 71 (65-98) years, 1280 (32.3%) were female, 221 (7.3%) were Black patients, 2717 (89.8%) were White patients, 90 (3.0%) had Medicare and Medicaid insurance, and 660 (22.3%) were in the areas of highest deprivation (ADI-T3). In all, 1094 patients (36.1%) had an ED visit and 983 patients (32.4%) had an HS. In multivariable generalized estimating equation, patients living in areas categorized as ADI-T3 were more likely to have an ED visit (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.62; P = .004). A similar but nonsignificant pattern was observed for HS (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.96-1.93; P = .08). Patients from areas with the highest deprivation had a 62% increase in risk of either an ED visit or HS (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.25-2.09; P < .001). Patients with Medicare and Medicaid were 96% more likely to have an ED visit (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.56-2.46; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort of older patients enrolled in clinical trials, neighborhood deprivation and economic disadvantage were associated with an increase in ED visits and HS. Efforts are needed to ensure adequate resources to prevent unplanned use of acute care in socioeconomically vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riha Vaidya
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Cathee Till
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - William Barlow
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mike LeBlanc
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Scott Ramsey
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph M. Unger
- SWOG Statistics and Data Management Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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20
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Luo Q, LaRocca CJ, Ankeny JS, Jensen EH, Marmor S, Brauer DG. Socioeconomic variables in the national cancer database: utilization and impact of income and education in survival models for patients with resected pancreas cancer. HPB (Oxford) 2024; 26:461-464. [PMID: 38168619 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianyun Luo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States.
| | - Christopher J LaRocca
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Jacob S Ankeny
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Eric H Jensen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Schelomo Marmor
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States; Center for Outcomes, Delivery and Evaluation (C-QODE), University of Minnesota Medical School, United States
| | - David G Brauer
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, United States; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, United States
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21
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Ruan Y, Heer E, Warkentin MT, Jarada TN, O'Sullivan DE, Hao D, Ezeife D, Cheung W, Brenner DR. The association between neighborhood-level income and cancer stage at diagnosis and survival in Alberta. Cancer 2024; 130:563-575. [PMID: 37994148 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with a range of health outcomes, including cancer diagnosis and survival. However, the evidence for this association is inconsistent between countries with and without single-payer health care systems. In this study, the relationships between neighborhood-level income, cancer stage at diagnosis, and cancer-specific mortality in Alberta, Canada, were evaluated. METHODS The Alberta Cancer Registry was used to identify all primary cancer diagnoses between 2010 and 2020. Average neighborhood income was determined by linking the Canadian census to postal codes and was categorized into quintiles on the basis of income distribution in Alberta. Multivariable multinomial logistic regression was used to model the association between income quintile and stage at diagnosis, and the Fine-Gray proportional subdistribution hazards model was used to estimate the association between SES and cancer-specific mortality. RESULTS Out of the 143,818 patients with cancer included in the study, those in lower income quintiles were significantly more likely to be diagnosed at stage III (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% CI [confidence interval], 1.06-1.09) or IV (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.11-1.14) after adjusting for age and sex. Lower income quintiles also had significantly worse cancer-specific survival for breast, colorectal, liver, lung, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, oral cavity, pancreas, and prostate cancers. CONCLUSIONS Disparities were observed in cancer outcomes across neighborhood-level income groups in Alberta, which demonstrates that health inequities by SES exist in countries with single-payer health care systems. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying causes and to develop strategies to mitigate these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Ruan
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Heer
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew T Warkentin
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tamer N Jarada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dylan E O'Sullivan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Desiree Hao
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Doreen Ezeife
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Winson Cheung
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Forzani & MacPhail Colon Cancer Screening Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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22
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Tsai M, Vernon M, Su S, Coughlin SS, Dong Y. Racial disparities in the relationship of regional socioeconomic status and colorectal cancer survival in the five regions of Georgia. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6954. [PMID: 38348574 PMCID: PMC10904969 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study's purpose was to examine 5-year colorectal cancer (CRC) survival rates between White and Black patients. We also determined whether regional socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with CRC survival between White and Black patients in the Clayton, West Central, East Central, Southeast, and Northeast Georgia public health districts. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using data from the 1975 to 2016 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. The 2015 United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Services county typology codes were used to identify region-level SES with persistent poverty, low employment, and low education. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard regression were performed. RESULTS Among 10,876 CRC patients (31.1% Black patients), 5-year CRC survival rates were lower among Black patients compared to White patients (65.4% vs. 69.9%; p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, White patients living in regions with persistent poverty had a 1.1-fold increased risk of CRC death (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00-1.25) compared to those living in non-persistent poverty regions. Among Black patients, those living in regions with low education were at a 1.2-fold increased risk of CRC death (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01-1.40) compared to those living in non-low education regions. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Black patients demonstrated lower CRC survival rates in Georgia compared to their White counterparts. White patients living in regions with persistent poverty, and Black patients living in regions with low education had an increased risk of CRC death. Our findings provide important evidence to all relevant stakeholders in allocating health resources aimed at CRC early detection and prevention and timely referral for CRC treatment by considering the patient's regional SES in Georgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng‐Han Tsai
- Cancer Prevention, Control & Population Health Program, Georgia Cancer CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Marlo Vernon
- Cancer Prevention, Control & Population Health Program, Georgia Cancer CenterAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Shaoyong Su
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Steven S. Coughlin
- Department of Biostatistics, Data Science and EpidemiologyAugusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta UniversityAugustaGeorgiaUSA
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23
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Dessemon J, Perol O, Chauvel C, Noelle H, Coudon T, Grassot L, Foray N, Belladame E, Fayette J, Fournie F, Swalduz A, Neidhart EM, Saintigny P, Tabutin M, Boussageon M, Gomez F, Avrillon V, Perol M, Charbotel B, Fervers B. Survival of bronchopulmonary cancers according to radon exposure. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1306455. [PMID: 38328545 PMCID: PMC10847230 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1306455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Residential exposure is estimated to be responsible for nearly 10% of lung cancers in 2015 in France, making it the second leading cause, after tobacco. The Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, in the southwest of France, is particularly affected by this exposure as 30% of the population lives in areas with medium or high radon potential. This study aimed to investigate the impact of radon exposure on the survival of lung cancer patients. Methods In this single-center study, patients with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer, and newly managed, were prospectively included between 2014 and 2020. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were carried out using a non-proportional risk survival model to consider variations in risk over time. Results A total of 1,477 patients were included in the analysis. In the multivariate analysis and after adjustment for covariates, radon exposure was not statistically associated with survival of bronchopulmonary cancers (HR = 0.82 [0.54-1.23], HR = 0.92 [0.72-1.18], HR = 0.95 [0.76-1.19] at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, for patients residing in category 2 municipalities; HR = 0.87 [0.66-1.16], HR = 0.92 [0.76-1.10], and HR = 0.89 [0.75-1.06] at 1, 3, and 5 years, respectively, for patients residing in category 3 municipalities). Discussion Although radon exposure is known to increase the risk of lung cancer, in the present study, no significant association was found between radon exposure and survival of bronchopulmonary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Dessemon
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Olivia Perol
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Chauvel
- Center of Excellence in Respiratory Pathogens (CERP), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Hugo Noelle
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Coudon
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Lény Grassot
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Belladame
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Fayette
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Françoise Fournie
- Département Interdisciplinaire de Soins de Support du Patient en Oncologie, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Swalduz
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Pierre Saintigny
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mayeul Tabutin
- Département de Chirurgie Cancérologique, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maxime Boussageon
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Frédéric Gomez
- Département de Santé Publique, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Virginie Avrillon
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maurice Perol
- Département de Cancérologie Médicale, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Barbara Charbotel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Université Gustave Eiffel-Ifsttar, Umrestte, UMR, Lyon, France
- CRPPE-Lyon, Center Régional de Pathologies Professionnelles et Environnementales de Lyon, Center Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Béatrice Fervers
- Département Prévention Cancer Environnement, Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- Inserm UMR1296, “Radiation: Defense, Health Environment,” Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Conley CC, Derry-Vick HM, Ahn J, Xia Y, Lin L, Graves KD, Pan W, Fall-Dickson JM, Reeve BB, Potosky AL. Relationship between area-level socioeconomic status and health-related quality of life among cancer survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2024; 8:pkad109. [PMID: 38128004 PMCID: PMC10868382 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Area-level socioeconomic status (SES) impacts cancer outcomes, such as stage at diagnosis, treatments received, and mortality. However, less is known about the relationship between area-level SES and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for cancer survivors. To assess the additive value of area-level SES data and the relative contribution of area- and individual-level SES for estimating cancer survivors' HRQOL, we conducted a secondary analysis of data from a population-based survey study of cancer survivors (the Measuring Your Health [MY-Health] Study). Multilevel multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationships between individual-level SES, area-level SES as measured by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index, and HRQOL group membership (high, average, low, or very low HRQOL). Area-level SES did not significantly increase model estimation accuracy compared to models using only individual-level SES. However, area-level SES could be an appropriate proxy when the individual-level SES is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Conley
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heather M Derry-Vick
- Cancer Prevention Precision Control Institute, Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Jaeil Ahn
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Biomathematics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Li Lin
- Center for Health Measurement, Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristi D Graves
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wei Pan
- Health Statistics and Data Science Core, Duke University School of Nursing, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jane M Fall-Dickson
- Georgetown University School of Nursing, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Daniel K. Inouye Graduate School of Nursing, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bryce B Reeve
- Center for Health Measurement, Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Arnold L Potosky
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Chen JC, Handley D, Elsaid MI, Plascak JJ, Andersen BL, Carson WE, Pawlik TM, Carlos RC, Obeng-Gyasi S. The Implications of Racialized Economic Segregation and Allostatic Load on Mortality in Patients with Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:365-375. [PMID: 37865937 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to examine the association between racialized economic segregation, allostatic load (AL), and all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Women aged 18+ years with stage I-III breast cancer diagnosed between 01/01/2012 and 31/12/2020 were identified in the Ohio State University cancer registry. Racialized economic segregation was measured at the census tract level using the index of concentration at the extremes (ICE). AL was calculated with biomarkers from the cardiac, metabolic, immune, and renal systems. High AL was defined as AL greater than the median. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses using restricted cubic splines examined the association between racialized economic segregation, AL, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Among 4296 patients, patients residing in neighborhoods with the highest racialized economic segregation (Q1 versus Q4) were more likely to be Black (25% versus 2.1%, p < 0.001) and have triple-negative breast cancer (18.2% versus 11.6%, p < 0.001). High versus low racialized economic segregation was associated with high AL [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-1.61] and worse all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.41, 95% CI 1.08-1.83]. In dose-response analyses, patients in lower segregated neighborhoods (relative to the 95th percentile) had lower odds of high AL, whereas patients in more segregated neighborhoods had a non-linear increase in the odds of high AL. DISCUSSION Racialized economic segregation is associated with high AL and a greater risk of all-cause mortality in patients with breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the causal pathways and mechanisms linking AL, neighborhood factors, and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Chen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Demond Handley
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Secondary Data Core, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Mohamed I Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Secondary Data Core, Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Jesse J Plascak
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - William E Carson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruth C Carlos
- Division of Radiology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samilia Obeng-Gyasi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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26
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Chalfant V, Riveros C, Bechtel A, Bradfield SM, Stec AA. Impact of Social Disparities on 5-Year Survival Rates in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024; 46:33-38. [PMID: 37910818 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic disparities exist in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies, leading to suboptimal survival rates. Social determinants of health impact health outcomes, and in children, they may not only lead to worse survival outcomes but carry over into late effects in adult life. The social deprivation index (SDI) is a composite score using geographic county data to measure social determinants of health. Using the SDI, the purpose of the present study is to stratify survival outcomes in pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies based on area deprivation. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed using the national Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results oncology registry in the USA from 1975 to 2016 based on county-level data. Pediatric patients (≤18 y old) with a diagnosis of leukemia or lymphoma based on the International Classification for Oncology, third edition (ICD-O-3) were used for inclusion criteria. Patients were grouped by cancer subtype for leukemia into acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia while for lymphoma into non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma. SDI scores were calculated for each patient and divided into quartiles, with Q1 being the lowest area of deprivation and Q4 being the highest, respectively. RESULTS A total of 38,318 leukemia and lymphoma patients were included. Quartile data demonstrated stratification in survival based on area deprivation for ALL, with no survival differences in the other cancer subtypes. Patients with ALL from the most deprived area had a roughly 3% difference in both overall and cancer-specific morality at 5 years compared with the least deprived area. CONCLUSION Disparities in pediatric patients with ALL represent a significant area for quality improvement. Social programs may have value in improving survival outcomes and could rely on metrics such as SDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chalfant
- Division of Urology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL
| | - Carlos Riveros
- Department of Urology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Andrew A Stec
- Urology, Nemours Children's Health, Jacksonville, FL
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Robinson-Oghogho JN, Alcaraz KI, Thorpe RJ. Structural Racism as a Contributor to Lung Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among Black Populations in the United States. Cancer Control 2024; 31:10732748241248363. [PMID: 38698674 PMCID: PMC11067682 DOI: 10.1177/10732748241248363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although racial disparities in lung cancer incidence and mortality have diminished in recent years, lung cancer remains the second most diagnosed cancer among US Black populations. Many factors contributing to disparities in lung cancer are rooted in structural racism. To quantify this relationship, we examined associations between a multidimensional measure of county-level structural racism and county lung cancer incidence and mortality rates among Black populations, while accounting for county levels of environmental quality. METHODS We merged 2016-2020 data from the United States Cancer Statistics Data Visualization Tool, a pre-existing county-level structural racism index, the Environmental Protection Agency's 2006-2010 Environmental Quality Index (EQI), 2023 County Health Rankings, and the 2021 United States Census American Community Survey. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to examine associations between county-level structural racism and county-level lung cancer incidence and mortality rates. RESULTS Among Black males and females, each standard deviation increase in county-level structural racism score was associated with an increase in county-level lung cancer incidence of 6.4 (95% CI: 4.4, 8.5) cases per 100,000 and an increase of 3.3 (95% CI: 2.0, 4.6) lung cancer deaths per 100,000. When examining these associations stratified by sex, larger associations between structural racism and lung cancer rates were observed among Black male populations than among Black females. CONCLUSION Structural racism contributes to both the number of new lung cancer cases and the number of deaths caused by lung cancer among Black populations. Those aiming to reduce lung cancer cases and deaths should consider addressing racism as a root-cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle N. Robinson-Oghogho
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kassandra I. Alcaraz
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland J. Thorpe
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Hopkins Center for Health Disparities Solutions, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Marcinak CT, Praska CE, Vidri RJ, Taylor AK, Krebsbach JK, Ahmed KS, LoConte NK, Varley PR, Afshar M, Weber SM, Abbott DE, Mathew J, Murtaza M, Burkard ME, Churpek MM, Zafar SN. Association of Neighborhood Disadvantage with Short- and Long-Term Outcomes After Pancreatectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:488-498. [PMID: 37782415 PMCID: PMC11170687 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While lower socioeconomic status has been shown to correlate with worse outcomes in cancer care, data correlating neighborhood-level metrics with outcomes are scarce. We aim to explore the association between neighborhood disadvantage and both short- and long-term postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 243 patients who underwent resection for PDAC at a single institution between 1 January 2010 and 15 September 2021. To measure neighborhood disadvantage, the cohort was divided into tertiles by Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Short-term outcomes of interest were minor complications, major complications, unplanned readmission within 30 days, prolonged hospitalization, and delayed gastric emptying (DGE). The long-term outcome of interest was overall survival. Logistic regression was used to test short-term outcomes; Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier method were used for long-term outcomes. RESULTS The median ADI of the cohort was 49 (IQR 32-64.5). On adjusted analysis, the high-ADI group demonstrated greater odds of suffering a major complication (odds ratio [OR], 2.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-6.40; p = 0.01) and of an unplanned readmission (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.16-9.28; p = 0.03) compared with the low-ADI group. There were no significant differences between groups in the odds of minor complications, prolonged hospitalization, or DGE (all p > 0.05). High ADI did not confer an increased hazard of death (p = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS We found that worse neighborhood disadvantage is associated with a higher risk of major complication and unplanned readmission after pancreatectomy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton T Marcinak
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne E Praska
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roberto J Vidri
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy K Taylor
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John K Krebsbach
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kaleem S Ahmed
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Noelle K LoConte
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick R Varley
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Majid Afshar
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sharon M Weber
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel E Abbott
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jomol Mathew
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Muhammed Murtaza
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark E Burkard
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthew M Churpek
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Syed Nabeel Zafar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Jung W, Shin DW, Jung KW, Kim D, Park J, Nari F, Suh M. The Impact of Neighborhood Deprivation on the Survival Rates of Patients with Cancer in Korea. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3171. [PMID: 38132061 PMCID: PMC10742845 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between the neighborhood deprivation index and survival rates of cancer patients in Korea. In this study, 5-year age-standardized survival rates of patients with cancer were determined using the National Cancer Cohort from 2014 to 2018 in Korea. The primary cancer sites were the stomach, colorectum, liver, lung, breast, cervix, prostate, and thyroid. Disparities were measured, and their impact on the overall survival rates was assessed using the Korean version of the Neighborhood Deprivation Index. Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the strength of the correlation. The study cohort comprised 726,665 patients with cancer, of whom 50.7% were male. The predominant primary cancer sites were the stomach (n = 138,462), colorectum (n = 125,156), and thyroid gland (n = 120,886). Urban residents showed better survival outcomes than those situated in rural areas. The most deprived quartile had the lowest survival rate, while the least deprived quartile had the highest (p < 0.001). Most cancer types revealed significant correlations between neighborhood deprivation and 5-year age-standardized overall survival, with lung cancer showing the most substantial negative correlation (r = -0.510), followed by prostate cancer (r = -0.438). However, thyroid cancer showed only a marginal correlation (p = 0.069). The results of this study suggested that neighborhood deprivation is closely linked to disparities in overall survival across various types of cancer. A substantial negative correlation between the neighborhood deprivation index and all-cause mortality for lung and prostate cancer, as compared to breast and cervical cancers covered by the National Cancer Screening Program, may reinforce the need to address healthcare access and improve the early detection of cancer in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyoung Jung
- Department of Family Medicine/Obesity and Metabolic Health Center, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, Seoul 05355, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Wook Shin
- Department of Family Medicine and Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Won Jung
- Korea Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea;
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (J.P.)
| | - Dongjin Kim
- Center for Health Policy Research, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, Sejong 30147, Republic of Korea;
| | - Juwon Park
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (J.P.)
| | - Fatima Nari
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (J.P.)
| | - Mina Suh
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea; (J.P.)
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Liu A, Siddiqi N, Tapan U, Mak KS, Steiling KA, Suzuki K. Black Race Remains Associated with Lower Eligibility for Screening Using 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations Among Lung Cancer Patients at an Urban Safety Net Hospital. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2836-2843. [PMID: 36441493 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the revised US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria reduced inequities in lung cancer screening (LCS) eligibility among a racially diverse sample of patients with lung cancer. METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of adults diagnosed with primary lung malignancies at an urban safety net hospital. For all patients and exclusively ever-smokers, χ2 tests were used to evaluate differences in LCS eligibility among socio-demographic variables using the 2013 and 2021 USPSTF criteria. Patients who were ineligible for LCS were categorized by reason for exclusion. RESULTS Among 678 lung cancer patients (46% female, mean age 66 ± 10 years), 51% were White, and 39% were Black. Using the 2013 guidelines, White patients (57%) would have been more likely to be eligible than Black (37%) and other-race patients (35%) (P < 0.0001) at time of cancer diagnosis. Under the 2021 guidelines, White patients (68%) remained more likely to be eligible for LCS than Black (54%) and other-race patients (48%) (P = 0.0002). Among exclusively ever-smoking patients, we did not observe a significant difference in eligibility by race under the 2021 USPSTF guidelines (White [73%], Black [65%], and other-race [65%]; [P = 0.48]). Sex, ethnicity, education level, and insurance type were not associated with differential screening eligibility under either the 2013 or 2021 guidelines. CONCLUSION The revised 2021 USPSTF LCS guidelines may not be sufficient to eliminate racial inequities in LCS eligibility among patients who go on to be diagnosed with primary lung cancer. Differential rates of lung cancer among never-smokers may contribute to this inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Liu
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noreen Siddiqi
- Department of Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Umit Tapan
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberley S Mak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrina A Steiling
- Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kei Suzuki
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, INOVA, Schar Cancer Institute, Falls Church, VA, USA.
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Nemesure B, Mermelstein LK, Scarbrough KH. Does Community Affluence Improve Survival of Colorectal Cancer? AJPM FOCUS 2023; 2:100144. [PMID: 37941822 PMCID: PMC10628652 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2023.100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the U.S. Lower SES and lack of health insurance coverage are 2 known risk factors for lower colorectal cancer survival. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the survival rates of patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who reside in an affluent suburb and to examine factors that may impact mortality. Methods Information was collected from the Stony Brook Cancer Center registry for all cases of colorectal cancer diagnosed between 2010 and 2020. The Distressed Community Index, a proxy for SES based on geographic location and data obtained from the U.S. Census, was paired with patient ZIP codes to evaluate the impact of prosperity on survival. Chi-square tests, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and hazard ratios are presented. Results Among 946 patients with colorectal cancer, more than half resided in a prosperous (Distressed Community Index ≤ 20) ZIP code. Age and sex were similar between Distressed Community Index groups; however, a significant association was found between Black race and Distressed Community Index score >20 (p<0.01). Patients who were married were more likely to live in a prosperous ZIP code (p<0.01), whereas those with Medicaid health insurance were more likely to reside in a nonprosperous community (p<0.01). More than 75% of cases were diagnosed at Stage 2 or higher, and survival rates at 1 year and 5 years were 84.6% and 59.2%, respectively. Stage at diagnosis and overall survival were not associated with Distressed Community Index status. Older age (≥70 years) (hazard ratio=2.43, 95% CI=1.18, 5.01) and late stage at diagnosis (hazard ratio= 12.24, 95% CI=6.86, 21.81) were found to be associated with increased mortality at 5 years. Conclusions In this relatively affluent study population from a tertiary care facility registry, improved survival rates among patients with colorectal cancer were not observed compared with national averages. Advanced stage of diagnosis and older age increased mortality in persons with colorectal cancer. Because early detection remains one of the most important tools for improving survival outcomes, efforts to increase screening education and reduce barriers as well as address challenges with screening adherence would likely benefit the population at risk, irrespective of community prosperity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | - Kathleen H. Scarbrough
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
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Winicki NM, Radomski SN, Florissi IS, Cloyd JM, Gutta G, Grotz TE, Scally CP, Fournier KF, Dineen SP, Powers BD, Veerapong J, Baumgartner JM, Clarke CN, Kothari AN, Maduekwe UN, Patel SH, Wilson GC, Schwartz P, Varley PR, Raoof M, Lee B, Malik I, Johnston FM, Greer JB. Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage Predicts Outcomes in Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Peritoneal Malignancy. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:7840-7847. [PMID: 37620532 PMCID: PMC10592201 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS/HIPEC) improves survival in select patients with peritoneal metastases (PM), but the impact of social determinants of health on CRS/HIPEC outcomes remains unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective review was conducted of a multi-institutional database of patients with PM who underwent CRS/HIPEC in the USA between 2000 and 2017. The area deprivation index (ADI) was linked to the patient's residential address. Patients were categorized as living in low (1-49) or high (50-100) ADI residences, with increasing scores indicating higher socioeconomic disadvantage. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included perioperative complications, hospital/intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS Among 1675 patients 1061 (63.3%) resided in low ADI areas and 614 (36.7%) high ADI areas. Appendiceal tumors (n = 1102, 65.8%) and colon cancer (n = 322, 19.2%) were the most common histologies. On multivariate analysis, high ADI was not associated with increased perioperative complications, hospital/ICU LOS, or DFS. High ADI was associated with worse OS (median not reached versus 49 months; 5 year OS 61.0% versus 28.2%, P < 0.0001). On multivariate Cox-regression analysis, high ADI (HR, 2.26; 95% CI 1.13-4.50; P < 0.001), cancer recurrence (HR, 2.26; 95% CI 1.61-3.20; P < 0.0001), increases in peritoneal carcinomatosis index (HR, 1.03; 95% CI 1.01-1.05; P < 0.001), and incomplete cytoreduction (HR, 4.48; 95% CI 3.01-6.53; P < 0.0001) were associated with worse OS. CONCLUSIONS Even after controlling for cancer-specific variables, adverse outcomes persisted in association with neighborhood-level socioeconomic disadvantage. The individual and structural-level factors leading to these cancer disparities warrant further investigation to improve outcomes for all patients with peritoneal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan M Winicki
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannon N Radomski
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Isabella S Florissi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jordan M Cloyd
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Goutam Gutta
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Christopher P Scally
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith F Fournier
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean P Dineen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin D Powers
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jula Veerapong
- Department of Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel M Baumgartner
- Department of Surgery, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Callisia N Clarke
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Anai N Kothari
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ugwuji N Maduekwe
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sameer H Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gregory C Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Patrick Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Patrick R Varley
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mustafa Raoof
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Byrne Lee
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Malik
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Fabian M Johnston
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan B Greer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology, Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Onyewuenyi TL, Peterman K, Zaritsky E, Ritterman Weintraub ML, Pettway BL, Quesenberry CP, Nance N, Surmava AM, Avalos LA. Neighborhood Disadvantage, Race and Ethnicity, and Postpartum Depression. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2342398. [PMID: 37955900 PMCID: PMC10644210 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.42398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Postpartum depression (PPD) is a debilitating condition with higher rates among Black individuals. Increasingly, neighborhood disadvantage is being recognized as a contributor to poor health and may be associated with adverse postpartum mental health; however, associations between neighborhood disadvantage, race and ethnicity, and PPD have not been examined. Objective To investigate the association between neighborhood disadvantage and PPD and evaluate the extent to which these associations may differ by race and ethnicity. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based cross-sectional study included 122 995 postpartum Kaiser Permanente Northern California members 15 years or older with a live birth between October 7, 2012, and May 31, 2017, and an address in the electronic health record. Analyses were conducted from June 1, 2022, through June 30, 2023. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage defined using quartiles of the Neighborhood Deprivation Index (NDI), a validated census-based socioeconomic status measure; self-reported race and ethnicity ascertained from Kaiser Permanente Northern California electronic health records. Main Outcomes and Measures Multivariable Poisson regression was conducted to assess associations between neighborhood disadvantage, race and ethnicity, and a diagnosis of PPD. Results Of 122 995 included postpartum individuals, 17 554 (14.3%) were younger than 25 years, 29 933 (24.3%) were Asian, 8125 (6.6%) were Black, 31 968 (26.0%) were Hispanic, 47 527 (38.6%) were White, 5442 (4.4%) were of other race and ethnicity, and 15 436 (12.6%) had PPD. Higher neighborhood disadvantage and race and ethnicity were associated with PPD after covariate adjustment. Compared with White individuals, Black individuals were more likely to have PPD (adjusted relative risk [ARR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.24-1.37), whereas Asian (ARR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.46-0.50), and Hispanic (ARR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96) individuals and those identified as having other race and ethnicity (ARR, 95% CI, 0.90; 0.85-0.98) were less likely to have PPD. Associations between NDI and PPD differed by race and ethnicity (likelihood ratio test for interaction, χ212 = 41.36; P < .001). Among Black individuals, the risk of PPD was the greatest overall and increased with neighborhood disadvantage in a dose-response manner (quartile [Q] 2 ARR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.13-1.71]; Q3 ARR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.23-1.83]; Q4 ARR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.32-1.93]; Cochrane-Armitage test for trend, P < .001). Neighborhood disadvantage was associated with PPD among Asian (Q2 ARR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.04-1.31]; Q3 ARR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.06-1.35]) and White (Q3 ARR, 1.14 [95% CI, 1.07-1.21]; Q4 ARR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.09-1.26]) individuals and those of other race and ethnicity (Q3 ARR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.09-1.63]; Q4 ARR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.03-1.58]), but the magnitude of risk was lower. Neighborhood disadvantage was not associated with PPD among Hispanic individuals (eg, Q2 ARR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.94-1.14]; Q3 ARR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.91-1.10]; Q4 ARR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.90-1.08]). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study of postpartum individuals, residing in more disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with PPD, except among Hispanic individuals. Neighborhood disadvantage may be associated with racial and ethnic differences in postpartum mental health. Geographic targeting of mental health interventions may decrease postpartum mental health inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelli Peterman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Eve Zaritsky
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Bria L. Pettway
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | | | - Nerissa Nance
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Ann-Marie Surmava
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
| | - Lyndsay A. Avalos
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California
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Goel N, Hernandez A, Merchant N, Rebbeck T. Translational Epidemiology: Genetic Ancestry in Breast Cancer: What Is the Role of Genetic Ancestry and Socioeconomic Status in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer? Adv Surg 2023; 57:1-14. [PMID: 37536846 DOI: 10.1016/j.yasu.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities seen in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) have prompted questions regarding the role of genetic ancestry in breast cancer (BC) subtype development, tumor biology, and ultimately prognosis. The causes of disparities in TNBC are influenced greatly by both sociopolitical factors and genetic ancestry, and now, the potential genomic underpinnings of social factors. To comprehensively understand disparities in TNBC, it is critical to take a translational epidemiologic approach that takes into account genomic and non-genomic factors. Understanding the interplay between genetic ancestry and social genomics and their proportional influence on outcomes can guide our priorities for screening, diagnosis, and interventions for this aggressive BC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 4th Floor, Miami, FL 31336, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 4th Floor, Miami, FL 31336, USA.
| | - Alexandra Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 4th Floor, Miami, FL 31336, USA
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 4th Floor, Miami, FL 31336, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 4th Floor, Miami, FL 31336, USA
| | - Timothy Rebbeck
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 1101 Dana. 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Bhattacharyya O, Relation T, Fisher JL, Li Y, Oppong BA. County characteristics associated with refusing breast cancer surgery: Evidence from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Surgery 2023; 174:457-463. [PMID: 37296055 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals' communities impact cancer disparities and are intimately related to social determinants of health. Studies show that personal factors affect treatment refusals for a potentially curable cancer, but few studies have investigated whether community-based characteristics affect the receipt of surgery. METHODS We used Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program registries from 2010 to 2015 to examine differences in rates of surgery refusal among non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic women diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer. The community factor measures were based on county-level factors. Sociodemographic and community differences were analyzed using Pearson's χ2 tests and analysis of variance. Multivariate logistic regression of predictors of surgery refusal and the Cox proportional hazard model of disease-specific mortality were performed. RESULTS Surgery refusers among non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic all races lived in counties with lower rates of educational attainment, median family and household income, and higher rates of poverty, unemployment, foreign-born, language isolation, urban population, and women more than 40 years old having mammography in last 2 years. Multivariate analysis shows surgery refusal rates increased in counties having a high percentage of urban population and declined in counties with an increased percentage of less than high school level education, unemployment, and median household income. Breast cancer-specific mortality increased significantly with surgery refusal. CONCLUSION Residence in counties with the lowest socioeconomic status and disproportionately populated by racial and ethnic minorities is associated with surgery refusal. Given the high mortality associated with refusing surgery, culturally sensitive education on the benefits of care may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Bhattacharyya
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; The William Tierney Center for Health Services Research, Regenstrief Institute, Inc, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Theresa Relation
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; MetroHealth Systems Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - James L Fisher
- James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Yaming Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bridget A Oppong
- James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
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Guadamuz JS, Wang X, Ryals CA, Miksad RA, Snider J, Walters J, Calip GS. Socioeconomic status and inequities in treatment initiation and survival among patients with cancer, 2011-2022. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad058. [PMID: 37707536 PMCID: PMC10582690 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with suboptimal cancer care and reduced survival. Most studies examining cancer inequities across area-level socioeconomic status tend to use less granular or unidimensional measures and pre-date the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we examined the association of area-level socioeconomic status on real-world treatment initiation and overall survival among adults with 20 common cancers. METHODS This retrospective cohort study used electronic health record-derived deidentified data (Flatiron Health Research Database, 2011-2022) linked to US Census Bureau data from the American Community Survey (2015-2019). Area-level socioeconomic status quintiles (based on a measure incorporating income, home values, rental costs, poverty, blue-collar employment, unemployment, and education information) were computed from the US population and applied to patients based on their mailing address. Associations were examined using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for diagnosis year, age, sex, performance status, stage, and cancer type. RESULTS This cohort included 291 419 patients (47.7% female; median age = 68 years). Patients from low-SES areas were younger and more likely to be Black (21.9% vs 3.3%) or Latinx (8.4% vs 3.0%) than those in high-SES areas. Living in low-SES areas (vs high) was associated with lower treatment rates (hazard ratio = 0.94 [95% confidence interval = 0.93 to 0.95]) and reduced survival (median real-world overall survival = 21.4 vs 29.5 months, hazard ratio = 1.20 [95% confidence interval = 1.18 to 1.22]). Treatment and survival inequities were observed in 9 and 19 cancer types, respectively. Area-level socioeconomic inequities in treatment and survival remained statistically significant in the COVID-19 era (after March 2020). CONCLUSION To reduce inequities in cancer outcomes, efforts that target marginalized, low-socioeconomic status neighborhoods are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny S Guadamuz
- Flatiron Health, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Program on Medicines and Public Health, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca A Miksad
- Flatiron Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory S Calip
- Flatiron Health, New York, NY, USA
- Program on Medicines and Public Health, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kaur M, Patterson A, Molina-Vega J, Rothschild H, Clelland E, Ewing CA, Mujir F, Esserman LJ, Olopade OI, Mukhtar RA. Area Deprivation Index in Patients with Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast: Associations with Tumor Characteristics and Outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1107-1113. [PMID: 37257200 PMCID: PMC10390860 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although investigators have shown associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and outcomes in breast cancer, there is a paucity of such data for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), the second most common type of breast cancer. Herein we evaluated the relationship between SES with tumor features and outcomes in stage I to III patients with ILC. METHODS We analyzed a prospectively maintained institutional ILC database and utilized the area deprivation index (ADI) to determine neighborhood adversity, an indicator of SES. We used Cox proportional hazards models in Stata 17.0 to evaluate relationships between ADI quintile (Q), race, body mass index (BMI), clinicopathologic features, treatment type, and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS Of 804 patients with ILC, 21.4% lived in neighborhoods classified as ADI Q1 (least resource-deprived) and 19.7% in Q5 (most resource-deprived). Higher deprivation was significantly associated with larger tumor size (3.6 cm in Q5 vs. 3.1 cm in Q1), increased presence of lymphovascular invasion (8.9% in Q5 vs. 6.7% in Q1), and decreased use of adjuvant endocrine therapy (67.1% in Q5 vs. 73.6% in Q1). On multivariable analysis, tumor size, receptor subtypes, and omission of adjuvant endocrine therapy were associated with reduced EFS. CONCLUSIONS These data show that patients with ILC and higher ADI experience more aggressive tumors and differences in treatment. More data evaluating the complex relationships between these factors is needed to optimize outcomes for patients with ILC, regardless of SES. IMPACT ADI is associated with differences in patients with ILC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Anne Patterson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Julissa Molina-Vega
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Elle Clelland
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Cheryl A. Ewing
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Firdows Mujir
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Laura J. Esserman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Rita A. Mukhtar
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California
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Frosch ZAK, Hasler J, Handorf E, DuBois T, Bleicher RJ, Edelman MJ, Geynisman DM, Hall MJ, Fang CY, Lynch SM. Development of a Multilevel Model to Identify Patients at Risk for Delay in Starting Cancer Treatment. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2328712. [PMID: 37578796 PMCID: PMC10425824 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.28712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Delays in starting cancer treatment disproportionately affect vulnerable populations and can influence patients' experience and outcomes. Machine learning algorithms incorporating electronic health record (EHR) data and neighborhood-level social determinants of health (SDOH) measures may identify at-risk patients. Objective To develop and validate a machine learning model for estimating the probability of a treatment delay using multilevel data sources. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study evaluated 4 different machine learning approaches for estimating the likelihood of a treatment delay greater than 60 days (group least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [LASSO], bayesian additive regression tree, gradient boosting, and random forest). Criteria for selecting between approaches were discrimination, calibration, and interpretability/simplicity. The multilevel data set included clinical, demographic, and neighborhood-level census data derived from the EHR, cancer registry, and American Community Survey. Patients with invasive breast, lung, colorectal, bladder, or kidney cancer diagnosed from 2013 to 2019 and treated at a comprehensive cancer center were included. Data analysis was performed from January 2022 to June 2023. Exposures Variables included demographics, cancer characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory values, imaging orders, and neighborhood variables. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome estimated by machine learning models was likelihood of a delay greater than 60 days between cancer diagnosis and treatment initiation. The primary metric used to evaluate model performance was area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Results A total of 6409 patients were included (mean [SD] age, 62.8 [12.5] years; 4321 [67.4%] female; 2576 [40.2%] with breast cancer, 1738 [27.1%] with lung cancer, and 1059 [16.5%] with kidney cancer). A total of 1621 (25.3%) experienced a delay greater than 60 days. The selected group LASSO model had an AUC-ROC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.679-0.745). Lower likelihood of delay was seen with diagnosis at the treating institution; first malignant neoplasm; Asian or Pacific Islander or White race; private insurance; and lacking comorbidities. Greater likelihood of delay was seen at the extremes of neighborhood deprivation. Model performance (AUC-ROC) was lower in Black patients, patients with race and ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White, and those living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods. Though the model selected neighborhood SDOH variables as contributing variables, performance was similar when fit with and without these variables. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, a machine learning model incorporating EHR and SDOH data was able to estimate the likelihood of delays in starting cancer therapy. Future work should focus on additional ways to incorporate SDOH data to improve model performance, particularly in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A. K. Frosch
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jill Hasler
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Handorf
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tesla DuBois
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard J. Bleicher
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin J. Edelman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel M. Geynisman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J. Hall
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Carolyn Y. Fang
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shannon M. Lynch
- Cancer Prevention and Control Research Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Awan S, Saini G, Gogineni K, Luningham JM, Collin LJ, Bhattarai S, Aneja R, Williams CP. Associations between health insurance status, neighborhood deprivation, and treatment delays in women with breast cancer living in Georgia. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17331-17339. [PMID: 37439033 PMCID: PMC10501236 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the association between insurance status and treatment delays in women with breast cancer and whether this association varies by neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation status. METHODS In this cohort study, we used medical record data of women diagnosed with breast cancer between 2004 and 2022 at two Georgia-based healthcare systems. Treatment delay was defined as >90 days to surgery or >120 days to systemic treatment. Insurance coverage was categorized as private, Medicaid, Medicare, other public, or uninsured. Area deprivation index (ADI) was used as a proxy for neighborhood-level socioeconomic status. Associations between delayed treatment and insurance status were analyzed using logistic regression, with an interaction term assessing effect modification by ADI. RESULTS Of the 14,195 women with breast cancer, 54% were non-Hispanic Black and 52% were privately insured. Compared with privately insured patients, those who were uninsured, Medicaid enrollees, and Medicare enrollees had 79%, 75%, and 27% higher odds of delayed treatment, respectively (odds ratio [OR]: 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-2.43; OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.43-2.13; OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.06-1.51). Among patients living in low-deprivation areas, those who were uninsured, Medicaid enrollees, and Medicare enrollees had 100%, 84%, and 26% higher odds of delayed treatment than privately insured patients (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.44-2.78; OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.48-2.30; OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.05-1.53). No differences in the odds of delayed treatment by insurance status were observed in patients living in high-deprivation areas. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Insurance status was associated with treatment delays for women living in low-deprivation neighborhoods. However, for women living in neighborhoods with high deprivation, treatment delays were observed regardless of insurance status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Awan
- School of Public Health, Georgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Geetanjali Saini
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Keerthi Gogineni
- Department of Hematology–Medical OncologyWinship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of SurgeryWinship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence, Grady Health SystemAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Justin M. Luningham
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Lindsay J. Collin
- Department of Population Health SciencesHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Shristi Bhattarai
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Courtney P. Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
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Papageorge MV, Woods AP, de Geus SWL, Ng SC, McAneny D, Tseng JF, Kenzik KM, Sachs TE. The Persistence of Poverty and its Impact on Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Survival. Ann Surg 2023; 277:995-1001. [PMID: 35796386 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of persistent poverty on the diagnosis, surgical resection and survival of patients with non-small cell lung (NSCLC), breast, and colorectal cancer. BACKGROUND Disparities in cancer outcomes exist in counties with high levels of poverty, defined as ≥20% of residents below the federal poverty level. Despite this well-established association, little is known about how the duration of poverty impacts cancer care and outcomes. One measure of poverty duration is that of "persistent poverty," defined as counties in high poverty since 1980. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, patients with NSCLC, breast and colorectal cancer were identified from SEER (2012-2016). County-level poverty was obtained from the American Community Survey (1980-2015). Outcomes included advanced stage at diagnosis (stage III-IV), resection of localized disease (stage I-II) and cancer-specific survival. Hierarchical generalized linear models and accelerated failure time models with Weibull distribution were used, adjusted for patient-level covariates and region. RESULTS Overall, 522,514 patients were identified, of which 5.1% were in persistent poverty. Patients in persistent poverty were more likely to present with advanced disease [NSCLC odds ratio (OR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.18; breast OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02-1.17; colorectal OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.94-1.06], less likely to undergo surgery (NSCLC OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.73-0.90; breast OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94; colorectal OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.70-1.00) and had increased cancer-specific mortality (NSCLC HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06-1.13; breast HR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.05-1.32; colorectal HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03-1.17) as compared with those without poverty. These differences were observed to a lesser magnitude in counties with current, but not persistent, poverty and disappeared in counties no longer in poverty. CONCLUSIONS The duration of poverty has a direct impact on cancer-specific outcomes, with the greatest effect seen in persistent poverty and resolution of disparities when a county is no longer in poverty. Policy focused on directing resources to communities in persistent poverty may represent a possible strategy to reduce disparities in cancer care and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna V Papageorge
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Alison P Woods
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susanna W L de Geus
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Sing Chau Ng
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - David McAneny
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Jennifer F Tseng
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Kelly M Kenzik
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Teviah E Sachs
- Department of Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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Enzinger AC, Ghosh K, Keating NL, Cutler DM, Clark CR, Florez N, Landrum MB, Wright AA. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Opioid Access and Urine Drug Screening Among Older Patients With Poor-Prognosis Cancer Near the End of Life. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:2511-2522. [PMID: 36626695 PMCID: PMC10414726 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize racial and ethnic disparities and trends in opioid access and urine drug screening (UDS) among patients dying of cancer, and to explore potential mechanisms. METHODS Among 318,549 non-Hispanic White (White), Black, and Hispanic Medicare decedents older than 65 years with poor-prognosis cancers, we examined 2007-2019 trends in opioid prescription fills and potency (morphine milligram equivalents [MMEs] per day [MMEDs]) near the end of life (EOL), defined as 30 days before death or hospice enrollment. We estimated the effects of race and ethnicity on opioid access, controlling for demographic and clinical factors. Models were further adjusted for socioeconomic factors including dual-eligibility status, community-level deprivation, and rurality. We similarly explored disparities in UDS. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2019, White, Black, and Hispanic decedents experienced steady declines in EOL opioid access and rapid expansion of UDS. Compared with White patients, Black and Hispanic patients were less likely to receive any opioid (Black, -4.3 percentage points, 95% CI, -4.8 to -3.6; Hispanic, -3.6 percentage points, 95% CI, -4.4 to -2.9) and long-acting opioids (Black, -3.1 percentage points, 95% CI, -3.6 to -2.8; Hispanic, -2.2 percentage points, 95% CI, -2.7 to -1.7). They also received lower daily doses (Black, -10.5 MMED, 95% CI, -12.8 to -8.2; Hispanic, -9.1 MMED, 95% CI, -12.1 to -6.1) and lower total doses (Black, -210 MMEs, 95% CI, -293 to -207; Hispanic, -179 MMEs, 95% CI, -217 to -142); Black patients were also more likely to undergo UDS (0.5 percentage points; 95% CI, 0.3 to 0.8). Disparities in EOL opioid access and UDS disproportionately affected Black men. Adjustment for socioeconomic factors did not attenuate the EOL opioid access disparities. CONCLUSION There are substantial and persistent racial and ethnic inequities in opioid access among older patients dying of cancer, which are not mediated by socioeconomic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Enzinger
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- New England Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
| | - Nancy L. Keating
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David M. Cutler
- New England Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Healthcare Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Economics, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (DMC), Boston, MA
| | - Cheryl R. Clark
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Narjust Florez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alexi A. Wright
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
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Hannan EL, Wu Y, Cozzens K, Anderson B. The Neighborhood Atlas Area Deprivation Index For Measuring Socioeconomic Status: An Overemphasis On Home Value. Health Aff (Millwood) 2023; 42:702-709. [PMID: 37126749 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2022.01406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Area Deprivation Index (ADI), popularized by the Neighborhood Atlas, is a multifaceted proxy measure for assessing socioeconomic disadvantage that captures social risk factors that are not available in typical clinical registries and that are related to adverse health outcomes. In applying the ADI to New York State, we found that the downstate regions (New York City and its suburbs) were as deprived as or more deprived than the other regions for thirteen of the seventeen ADI variables (all but the ones measured in dollars), but the Neighborhood Atlas-computed overall ADI deprivation was much less in the downstate areas. Numerous census block groups with high home values (indicating low deprivation) accompanied by high deprivation in the other ADI variables had overall ADI scores as computed by the Neighborhood Atlas in the same or contiguous deciles as the home values. We concluded that Neighborhood Atlas-computed ADI scores for New York block groups are mainly representative of median home value. This can be especially problematic when considering quality assessment, funding, and resource allocation in regions with large variations in cost of living, and it may result in underresourcing for disadvantaged communities with high housing prices. We conclude that the Neighborhood Atlas ADI would be more accurate for comparing block groups if variables were standardized before computing the overall index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward L Hannan
- Edward L. Hannan , State University of New York at Albany, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Yifeng Wu
- Yifeng Wu, State University of New York at Albany
| | | | - Brett Anderson
- Brett Anderson, NewYork-Presbyterian Columbia-Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
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Goel N, Hernandez A, Thompson C, Choi S, Westrick A, Stoler J, Antoni MH, Rojas K, Kesmodel S, Figueroa ME, Cole S, Merchant N, Kobetz E. Neighborhood Disadvantage and Breast Cancer-Specific Survival. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e238908. [PMID: 37083666 PMCID: PMC10122178 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.8908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Neighborhood-level disadvantage is an important factor in the creation and persistence of underresourced neighborhoods with an undue burden of disparate breast cancer-specific survival outcomes. Although studies have evaluated neighborhood-level disadvantage and breast cancer-specific survival after accounting for individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) in large national cancer databases, these studies are limited by age, socioeconomic, and racial and ethnic diversity. Objective To investigate neighborhood SES (using a validated comprehensive composite measure) and breast cancer-specific survival in a majority-minority population. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective multi-institutional cohort study included patients with stage I to IV breast cancer treated at a National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center and sister safety-net hospital from January 10, 2007, to September 9, 2016. Mean (SD) follow-up time was 60.3 (41.4) months. Data analysis was performed from March 2022 to March 2023. Exposures Neighborhood SES was measured using the Area Deprivation Index (tertiles), a validated comprehensive composite measure of neighborhood SES. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was breast cancer-specific survival. Random effects frailty models for breast cancer-specific survival were performed controlling for individual-level sociodemographic, comorbidity, breast cancer risk factor, access to care, tumor, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment characteristics. The Area Deprivation Index was calculated for each patient at the census block group level and categorized into tertiles (T1-T3). Results A total of 5027 women with breast cancer were included: 55.8% were Hispanic, 17.5% were non-Hispanic Black, and 27.0% were non-Hispanic White. Mean (SD) age was 55.5 (11.7) years. Women living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods (T3) had shorter breast cancer-specific survival compared with those living in the most advantaged neighborhoods (T1) after controlling for individual-level sociodemographic, comorbidity, breast cancer risk factor, access to care, tumor, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment characteristics (T3 vs T1: hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.01-1.65; P < .04). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, a shorter breast cancer-specific survival in women from disadvantaged neighborhoods compared with advantaged neighborhoods was identified, even after controlling for individual-level sociodemographic, comorbidity, breast cancer risk factor, access to care, tumor, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline-concordant treatment characteristics. The findings suggest potential unaccounted mechanisms, including unmeasured social determinants of health and access to care measures. This study also lays the foundation for future research to evaluate whether social adversity from living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with more aggressive tumor biologic factors, and ultimately shorter breast cancer-specific survival, through social genomic and/or epigenomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexandra Hernandez
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Cheyenne Thompson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Seraphina Choi
- Medical student, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ashly Westrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor
| | - Justin Stoler
- Department of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Michael H. Antoni
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Kristin Rojas
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Susan Kesmodel
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria E. Figueroa
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Steve Cole
- Department of Psychiatry/Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Erin Kobetz
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Trends in SARS-CoV-2 Previously Infected Cancer Patients. Vaccine X 2023; 14:100289. [PMID: 37020982 PMCID: PMC10060025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cancer patients are at high risk of developing severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but risk is lowered with receipt of COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 vaccination uptake among previously infected cancer patients may be influenced by an assumption of natural immunity, predicted weak immune response, or concerns about vaccine safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate COVID-19 vaccine uptake trends in cancer patients previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods Medical records of 579 sequential cancer patients undergoing active treatment at Levine Cancer Institute who tested positive for COVID-19 between January 2020 and January 2021 were evaluated. Patients who died prior to vaccine eligibility were excluded from the analysis. Demographic, clinical, and COVID-19 related characteristics were analyzed to identify prognostic factors for COVID-19 vaccine uptake as this information could be important for health policy design for future pandemics. Results Eighty-one patients died prior to the availability of COVID-19 vaccines. The acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination among 498 previously infected cancer patients was 54.6%. Of the patients with known vaccination dates, 76.8% received their first vaccine by April 17th, 2021. As of November 30, 2021, 23.7.% of eligible patients were boosted. In univariate models, older age, female sex, higher income, solid tumor cancer type, and hormone therapy were significantly associated with higher vaccine uptake, while Hispanic/Latino ethnicity was significantly associated with lower vaccine uptake. In a multivariable model, age (OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.10-1.28; p<0.001), female sex (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.22-2.66; p=0.003), and higher income (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.22; p=0.032), were predictive of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Conclusions Overall, vaccine uptake was low among our cohort of previously infected cancer patients. Older age, female sex, and higher income were the only variables associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake within this vulnerable patient population.
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Snider NG, Hastert TA, Nair M, Madhav K, Ruterbusch JJ, Schwartz AG, Peters ES, Stoffel EM, Rozek LS, Purrington KS. Area-level Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Cancer Survival in Metropolitan Detroit. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:387-397. [PMID: 36723416 PMCID: PMC10071652 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial segregation is linked to poorer neighborhood quality and adverse health conditions among minorities, including worse cancer outcomes. We evaluated relationships between race, neighborhood social disadvantage, and cancer survival. METHODS We calculated overall and cancer-specific survival for 11,367 non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and 29,481 non-Hispanic White (NHW) individuals with breast, colorectal, lung, or prostate cancer using data from the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. The area deprivation index (ADI) was used to measure social disadvantage at the census block group level, where higher ADI is associated with poorer neighborhood factors. Associations between ADI and survival were estimated using Cox proportional hazards mixed-effects models accounting for geographic grouping and adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS Increasing ADI quintile was associated with increased overall mortality for all four cancer sites in multivariable-adjusted models. Stratified by race, these associations remained among breast (NHW: HR = 1.16, P < 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.20, P < 0.0001), colorectal (NHW: HR = 1.11, P < 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.09, P = 0.00378), prostate (NHW: HR = 1.18, P < 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.18, P < 0.0001), and lung cancers (NHW: HR = 1.06, P < 0.0001; NHB: HR = 1.07, P = 0.00177). Cancer-specific mortality estimates were similar to overall mortality. Adjustment for ADI substantially attenuated the effects of race on mortality for breast [overall proportion attenuated (OPA) = 47%, P < 0.0001; cancer-specific proportion attenuated (CSPA) = 37%, P < 0.0001] prostate cancer (OPA = 51%, P < 0.0001; CSPA = 56%, P < 0.0001), and colorectal cancer (OPA = 69%, P = 0.032; CSPA = 36%, P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Area-level socioeconomic disadvantage is related to cancer mortality in a racially diverse population, impacting racial differences in cancer mortality. IMPACT Understanding the role of neighborhood quality in cancer survivorship could improve community-based intervention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G. Snider
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Theresa A. Hastert
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Mrudula Nair
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - K.C. Madhav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julie J. Ruterbusch
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ann G. Schwartz
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Edward S. Peters
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elena M. Stoffel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Kristen S. Purrington
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan
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Nephew LD, Gupta D, Carter A, Desai AP, Ghabril M, Patidar KR, Orman E, Dziarski A, Chalasani N. Social determinants of health impact mortality from HCC and cholangiocarcinoma: a population-based cohort study. Hepatol Commun 2023; 7:e0058. [PMID: 36757397 PMCID: PMC9916098 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The social determinants of health can pose barriers to accessing cancer screening and treatment and have been associated with cancer mortality. However, it is not clear whether area deprivation is independently associated with mortality in HCC and cholangiocarcinoma when controlling for individual-level social determinants of health. APPROACH AND RESULTS The cohort included individuals over 18 years old diagnosed with HCC (N=3460) or cholangiocarcinoma (N=781) and reported to the Indiana State Cancer Registry from 2009 to 2017. Area disadvantage was measured using the social deprivation index (SDI). SDI was obtained by linking addresses to the American Community Survey. Individual social determinants of health included race, ethnicity, sex, marital status, and insurance type. The primary outcome was mortality while controlling for SDI and individual social determinants of health by means of Cox proportional hazard modeling. In HCC, living in a neighborhood in the fourth quartile of census-track SDI (most deprived) was associated with higher mortality (HR: 1.14, 95% CI, 1.003-1.30, p=0.04) than living in a first quartile SDI neighborhood. Being uninsured (HR: 1.64, 95% CI, 1.30-2.07, p<0.0001) and never being married (HR: 1.31, 95% CI, 1.15-1.48, p<0.0001) were also associated with mortality in HCC. In cholangiocarcinoma, SDI was not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS Social deprivation was independently associated with mortality in HCC but not cholangiocarcinoma. Further research is needed to better understand how to intervene on both area and individual social determinants of health and develop interventions to address these disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D. Nephew
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Dipika Gupta
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, Indiana, USA
| | - Allie Carter
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Archita P. Desai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marwan Ghabril
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kavish R. Patidar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Eric Orman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Alisha Dziarski
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Naga Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Association of individual low-income status and area deprivation with mortality in multiple myeloma. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101415. [PMID: 36773537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lower individual-level socioeconomic status (SES) and area-level SES have each been associated with poor survival outcomes among patients with multiple myeloma (MM). A body of literature suggests that individual-level SES may be differentially associated with mortality depending on area-level SES, and vice versa. This study assessed the effect of the cross-level interaction between individual low-income status and area deprivation on mortality among patients with MM. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data (2006-2016). Individuals were defined as having low income if they were dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid and/or if they received the Low-Income Subsidy. The county-level Social Deprivation Index (SDI) was linked to individual-level SEER-Medicare data and categorized into quintiles, from the least deprived (Quintile 1) to the most deprived (Quintile 5). Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations between low-income status, area deprivation, and all-cause mortality were estimated from a mixed-effects Cox proportional-hazards (PH) model. RESULTS The mortality hazard was higher for individuals with low income than individuals without low income in all quintiles of area deprivation, with the exception of Quintile 5 (Quintile 1: HR 1.53 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.32-1.77]; Quintile 2: HR 1.17 [95%CI: 1.01-1.36]; Quintile 3: HR 1.34 [95%CI: 1.18-1.53]; Quintile 4: HR 1.33 [95%CI: 1.17-1.52]; Quintile 5: HR 1.09 [95%CI: 0.96-1.23]). Among individuals without low income, individuals residing in the most deprived area had a higher mortality hazard than individuals residing in the least deprived area (HR: 1.22 [95%CI: 1.03-1.45]). In contrast, among individuals with low income, residing in a more deprived area, Quintile 2, was associated with a lower hazard of death than residing in the least deprived area, Quintile 1 (HR: 0.82 [95%CI: 0.67-0.99]), and there was no statistically significant difference between Quintile 1 and Quintiles 3, 4, and 5. DISCUSSION In this analysis, there was a statistically significant cross-level interaction between individual low-income status and area deprivation on mortality. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanism behind these associations, but the findings show that patients and their health should be considered in the context of where they live.
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Lord BD, Harris AR, Ambs S. The impact of social and environmental factors on cancer biology in Black Americans. Cancer Causes Control 2023; 34:191-203. [PMID: 36562901 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with early onset of chronic diseases and reduced life expectancy. The involvement of neighborhood-level factors in defining cancer risk and outcomes for marginalized communities has been an active area of research for decades. Yet, the biological processes that underlie the impact of SES on chronic health conditions, such as cancer, remain poorly understood. To date, limited studies have shown that chronic life stress is more prevalent in low SES communities and can affect important molecular processes implicated in tumor biology such as DNA methylation, inflammation, and immune response. Further efforts to elucidate how neighborhood-level factors function physiologically to worsen cancer outcomes for disadvantaged communities are underway. This review provides an overview of the current literature on how socioenvironmental factors within neighborhoods contribute to more aggressive tumor biology, specifically in Black U.S. women and men, including the impact of environmental pollutants, neighborhood deprivation, social isolation, structural racism, and discrimination. We also summarize commonly used methods to measure deprivation, discrimination, and structural racism at the neighborhood-level in cancer health disparities research. Finally, we offer recommendations to adopt a multi-faceted intersectional approach to reduce cancer health disparities and develop effective interventions to promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany D Lord
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg. 37/Room 3050, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA.
| | - Alexandra R Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg. 37/Room 3050, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bldg. 37/Room 3050, Bethesda, MD, 20892-4258, USA
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Kim H, Wang H, Demanelis K, Clump DA, Vargo JA, Keller A, Diego M, Gorantla V, Smith KJ, Rosenzweig MQ. Factors associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treatment patterns and patient-reported outcomes across a large integrated health network. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 197:683-692. [PMID: 36526807 PMCID: PMC9883362 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) patients' characteristics, treating locations and DCIS treatments received and to pilot assessing quality-of-life (QoL) values among DCIS patients with diverse backgrounds. METHODS We performed a retrospective tumor registry review of all patients diagnosed and treated with DCIS from 2018 to 2019 in the UPMC-integrated network throughout central and western Pennsylvania. Demographics, clinical information, and administered treatments were compiled from tumor registry records. We categorized contextual factors such as different hospital setting (academic vs. community), socioeconomic status based on the neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) as well as age and race. QoL survey was administered to DCIS patients with diverse backgrounds via QoL questionnaire breast cancer module 23 and qualitative assessment questions. RESULTS A total of 912 patients were reviewed. There were no treatment differences noted for age, race, or NDI. Mastectomy rate was higher in academic sites than community sites (29 vs. 20.4%; p = 0.0045), while hormone therapy (HT) utilization rate was higher in community sites (74 vs. 62%; p = 0.0012). QoL survey response rate was 32%. Only HT side effects negatively affected in QoL scores and there was no significant difference in QoL domains and decision-making process between races, age, NDI, treatment groups, and treatment locations. CONCLUSION Our integrated health network did not show chronically noted disparities arising from social determinates of health for DCIS treatments by implementing clinical pathways and system-wide peer review. Also, we demonstrated feasibility in collecting QoL for DCIS women with diverse backgrounds and different socioeconomic statuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayeon Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Hospital, 300 Halket Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathryn Demanelis
- Department of Biostatistics, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Clump
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John A Vargo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew Keller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mia Diego
- Department of Breast Surgery, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vikram Gorantla
- Department of Medical Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Smith
- Clinical and Translational Science and Center for Research On Health Care, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Margaret Q Rosenzweig
- Department of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Comparison of Diagnostic Mammography-Guided Biopsy and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis-Guided Biopsy of Suspicious Breast Calcifications: Results in 1354 Biopsies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023; 220:212-223. [PMID: 36102725 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.28320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. Studies have shown improved targeting and sampling of noncalcified lesions (asymmetries, masses, and architectural distortion) with digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT)-guided biopsy in comparison with digital mammography (DM)-guided stereotactic biopsy. Literature that compares the two techniques specifically for sampling calcifications has been scarce. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance and outcomes of DM- and DBT-guided biopsy of suspicious calcifications. METHODS. This retrospective study included 1310 patients (mean age, 58 ± 12 [SD] years) who underwent a total of 1354 9-gauge vacuum-assisted core biopsies of suspicious calcifications performed at a single institution from May 22, 2017, to December 31, 2021. The decision to use a DM-guided or DBT-guided technique was made at the discretion of the radiologist performing the biopsy. Procedure time, the number of exposures during the procedure, and the histopathologic outcomes were recorded. The two techniques were compared using a two-sample t test for continuous variables and a chi-square test for categoric variables. Additional tests were performed using generalized estimating equations to control for the effect of the individual radiologist performing the biopsy. RESULTS. A total of 348 (26%) biopsies used DM guidance, and 1006 (74%) used DBT guidance. The mean procedure time was significantly lower for DBT-guided biopsy (14.9 ± 8.0 [SD] minutes) than for DM-guided biopsy (24.7 ± 14.3 minutes) (p < .001). The mean number of exposures was significantly lower for DBT-guided biopsy (4.1 ± 1.0 [SD] exposures) than for DM-guided biopsy (9.1 ± 3.3 exposures) (p < .001). The differences in procedure time and number of exposures remained significant (both p < .001) when controlling for the effect of the radiologist performing the biopsy. There were no significant differences (all p > .05) between DM-guided and DBT-guided biopsy in terms of the malignancy rate on initial biopsy (20% vs 19%), the rate of high-risk lesion upgrading (14% vs 22%), or the final malignancy rate (23% vs 22%). CONCLUSION. DBT-guided biopsy of suspicious calcifications can be performed with shorter procedure time and fewer exposures compared with DM-guided biopsy, without a significant difference in rates of malignancy or high-risk lesion upgrading. CLINICAL IMPACT. The use of a DBT-guided, rather than a DM-guided, biopsy technique for suspicious calcifications can potentially reduce patient discomfort and radiation exposure without affecting clinical outcomes.
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