1
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Uredat S, Gujare A, Runge J, Truzzolillo D, Oberdisse J, Hellweg T. A review of stimuli-responsive polymer-based gating membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2732-2744. [PMID: 38193196 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05143a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The formation and properties of smart (stimuli-responsive) membranes are reviewed, with a special focus on temperature and pH triggering of gating to water, ions, polymers, nanoparticles, or other molecules of interest. The review is organized in two parts, starting with all-smart membranes based on intrinsically smart materials, in particular of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) family and similar polymers. The key steps of membrane fabrication are discussed, namely the deposition into thin films, functionalization of pores, and the secondary crosslinking of pre-existing microgel particles into membranes. The latter may be free-standing and do not necessitate the presence of a porous support layer. The temperature-dependent swelling properties of polymers provide a means of controlling the size of pores, and thus size-sensitive gating. Throughout the review, we highlight "positive" (gates open) or "negative" (closed) gating effects with respect to increasing temperature. In the second part, the functionalization of porous organic or inorganic membranes of various origins by either microgel particles or linear polymer brushes is discussed. In this case, the key steps are the adsorption or grafting mechanisms. Finally, whenever provided by the authors, the suitability of smart gating membranes for specific applications is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Uredat
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Aditi Gujare
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Jonas Runge
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Domenico Truzzolillo
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Julian Oberdisse
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.
| | - Thomas Hellweg
- Department of Physical and Biophysical Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
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2
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Shi L, Li Z, Chen M, Zhu T, Wu L. Ultrasensitive and Ultraprecise Pressure Sensors for Soft Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210091. [PMID: 36625165 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Highly sensitive soft pressure sensors have attracted tremendous attention in recent years due to their great promise in robotics, healthcare, smart wearables, etc. Although high sensitivities can be realized by existing sensing mechanisms, they usually cause large random errors owing to inhomogeneous sensing layers, thus considerably reducing the sensing precision for practical applications. Herein, a pure-polymer and field emission bilayer structure (PFEBS)-based transduction mechanism is presented to successfully design an ultrasensitive and ultraprecise soft pressure sensor for the first time. This unique structure enables numerous tunneling electrons generated by field emission to be transmitted through the homogeneous sensing layer, which undergoes uniform deformation under subtle pressures, simultaneously achieving a sensing precision with variation <1.62% and a sensitivity of 372.2 kPa-1 . This study offers a new design strategy to develop next-generation high-performance flexible pressure sensors for soft systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Shi
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Limin Wu
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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3
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Jia P, Wang X, Cai X, Guo Q, Zhang D, Sun Y, Yang J. Freestanding Metal Nanomembranes and Nanowires by Template Transfer with a Soluble Adhesive. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3988. [PMID: 36432274 PMCID: PMC9694887 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of nanostructures usually involves chemical processes that have in certain steps. Especially, it is necessary to use the chemical etching method to release the as-patterned structures from the substrate in most of the transfer techniques. Here, a novel scheme of template transfer as developed for the fabrication of freestanding Au nanomembranes and nanowires by using a soluble PVP adhesive. The nanomembranes feature the periodic nanohole arrays with high uniformity. Without the substrates, these plasmonic nanohole arrays show symmetric and antisymmetric resonance modes with bright and dark spectral features, respectively, in transmission. Through the spectral analysis for reflection, we have disclosed that the usual dark mode in transmission is not really dark, but it reveals a distinct feature in reflection. Two coupling modes present distinct spectral features in transmission and reflection due to their different loss channels. To show their versatility, the freestanding nanomembranes were also employed as secondary templates to form Si nanowire arrays by the metal-assisted chemical etching method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jia
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Xinzhong Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiaobing Cai
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Qiuquan Guo
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Dongxing Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Yong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
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4
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Baccile N, Derj A, Boissière C, Humblot V, Deniset-Besseau A. Homogeneous supported monolayer from microbial glycolipid biosurfactant. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Coppola S, Miccio L, Wang Z, Nasti G, Ferraro V, Maffettone PL, Vespini V, Castaldo R, Gentile G, Ferraro P. Instant in situ formation of a polymer film at the water–oil interface. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31215-31224. [PMID: 36349050 PMCID: PMC9623561 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The water–oil interface is an environment that is often found in many contexts of the natural sciences and technological arenas. This interface has always been considered a special environment as it is rich in different phenomena, thus stimulating numerous studies aimed at understanding the abundance of physico-chemical problems that occur there. The intense research activity and the intriguing results that emerged from these investigations have inspired scientists to consider the water–oil interface even as a suitable setting for bottom-up nanofabrication processes, such as molecular self-assembly, or fabrication of nanofilms or nano-devices. On the other hand, biphasic liquid separation is a key enabling technology in many applications, including water treatment for environmental problems. Here we show for the first time an instant nanofabrication strategy of a thin film of biopolymer at the water–oil interface. The polymer film is fabricated in situ, simply by injecting a drop of polymer solution at the interface. Furthermore, we demonstrate that with an appropriate multiple drop delivery it is also possible to quickly produce a large area film (up to 150 cm2). The film inherently separates the two liquids, thus forming a separation layer between them and remains stable at the interface for a long time. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fabrication with different oils, thus suggesting potential exploitation in different fields (e.g. food, pollution, biotechnology). We believe that the new strategy fabrication could inspire different uses and promote applications among the many scenarios already explored or to be studied in the future at this special interface environment. A completely new method for easy and quick formation of a thin polymer film at the special setting of a stratified oil/water interface. Morphological SEM and quantitative full-field characterization have been reported using digital holography.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Coppola
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Zhe Wang
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nasti
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pier Luca Maffettone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Veronica Vespini
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Rachele Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems “E. Caianiello”, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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Robust, self-adhesive, reinforced polymeric nanofilms enabling gas-permeable dry electrodes for long-term application. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2111904118. [PMID: 34518214 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111904118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust polymeric nanofilms can be used to construct gas-permeable soft electronics that can directly adhere to soft biological tissue for continuous, long-term biosignal monitoring. However, it is challenging to fabricate gas-permeable dry electrodes that can self-adhere to the human skin and retain their functionality for long-term (>1 d) health monitoring. We have succeeded in developing an extraordinarily robust, self-adhesive, gas-permeable nanofilm with a thickness of only 95 nm. It exhibits an extremely high skin adhesion energy per unit area of 159 μJ/cm2 The nanofilm can self-adhere to the human skin by van der Waals forces alone, for 1 wk, without any adhesive materials or tapes. The nanofilm is ultradurable, and it can support liquids that are 79,000 times heavier than its own weight with a tensile stress of 7.82 MPa. The advantageous features of its thinness, self-adhesiveness, and robustness enable a gas-permeable dry electrode comprising of a nanofilm and an Au layer, resulting in a continuous monitoring of electrocardiogram signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio (34 dB) for 1 wk.
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7
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Metal-Insulator Transition of Ultrathin Sputtered Metals on Phenolic Resin Thin Films: Growth Morphology and Relations to Surface Free Energy and Reactivity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030589. [PMID: 33652867 PMCID: PMC7996922 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nanostructured metal assemblies on thin and ultrathin polymeric films enable state of the art technologies and have further potential in diverse fields. Rational design of the structure–function relationship is of critical importance but aggravated by the scarcity of systematic studies. Here, we studied the influence of the interplay between metal and polymer surface free energy and reactivity on the evolution of electric conductivity and the resulting morphologies. In situ resistance measurements during sputter deposition of Ag, Au, Cu and Ni films on ultrathin reticulated polymer films collectively reveal metal–insulator transitions characteristic for Volmer–Weber growth. The different onsets of percolation correlate with interfacial energy and energy of adhesion weakly but as expected from ordinary wetting theory. A more pronounced trend of lower percolation thickness for more reactive metals falls in line with reported correlations. Ex situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering experiments were performed at various thicknesses to gain an insight into cluster and film morphology evolution. A novel approach to interpret the scattering data is used where simulated pair distance distributions of arbitrary shapes and arrangements can be fitted to experiments. Detailed approximations of cluster structures could be inferred and are discussed in view of the established parameters describing film growth behavior.
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8
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Man Q, Hu C, Asghar W, Li F, Yu Z, Shang J, Liu G, Liao M, Li RW. A skin-inspired tactile sensor for smart prosthetics. Sci Robot 2021; 3:3/22/eaat0429. [PMID: 33141753 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.aat0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent achievements in the field of electronic skin have provided promising technology for prosthetic systems. However, the development of a bionic tactile-perception system that exhibits integrated stimuli sensing and neuron-like information-processing functionalities in a low-pressure regime remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate a tactile sensor for smart prosthetics based on giant magneto-impedance (GMI) material embedded with an air gap. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 120 newton-1 (or 4.4 kilopascal-1) and a very low detection limit of 10 micronewtons (or 0.3 pascals). The integration of the tactile sensor with an inductance-capacitance (LC) oscillation circuit enabled direct transduction of force stimuli into digital-frequency signals. The frequency increased with the force stimuli, consistent with the relationship between stimuli and human responses. The minimum loading of 50 micronewtons (or 1.25 pascals), which is less than the sensing threshold value of human skin, was also encoded into the frequency, similar to the pulse waveform of humans. The proposed tactile sensor not only showed desirable sensitivity and low detection limit but also exhibited transduction of digital-frequency signals like human stimuli responses. These features of the GMI-based tactile sensor show potential for its applications in smart prosthetics, especially prosthetic limbs that can functionally replace natural limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhao Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Youlin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Qikui Man
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Chao Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Waqas Asghar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fali Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Gang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China.,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Meiyong Liao
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China. .,Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
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9
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Ismail E, Lazim NH, Nakata A, Iwasawa A, Yamanaka R, Ichinose I. Plasma-induced Interfacial Crosslinking of Liquid Polydimethylsiloxane Films and Their Organic Solvent Permeation Performance. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edhuan Ismail
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nurul Hakimah Lazim
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakata
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Ayumi Iwasawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Risako Yamanaka
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Izumi Ichinose
- Research Center for Functional Materials, NIMS, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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10
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Selyanchyn O, Selyanchyn R, Fujikawa S. Critical Role of the Molecular Interface in Double-Layered Pebax-1657/PDMS Nanomembranes for Highly Efficient CO 2/N 2 Gas Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33196-33209. [PMID: 32589389 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we deposited a CO2-selective block copolymer, Pebax-1657, as a selective layer with a thickness of 2-20 nm on the oxygen plasma-activated surface of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) used as a gutter layer (thickness ∼400 nm). This double-layered structure was subsequently transferred onto the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microporous support and studied for CO2/N2 separation. The effect of interfacial molecular arrangements between the selective and gutter layers on CO2 permeance and selectivity has been investigated. We have revealed that the gas permeance and selectivity do not follow the conventional theoretical predictions for the multilayer membrane (resistance in series transport model); specifically, more selective CO2/N2 separation membranes were achieved with ultrathin selective layers. Detailed characterization of the chemical structure of the outermost membrane surface suggests that nanoscale blending of the ultrathin Pebax-1657 layer with O2 plasma-activated PDMS chains on the surface takes place. This nanoblending at the interface between the selective and gutter layers played a critical role in enhancing the CO2/N2 selectivity. CO2 permeances in the developed thin-film composite membranes (TFCM) were between 1200 and 3500 gas permeance units (GPU) and the respective CO2/N2 selectivities were between 72 and 23, providing the gas separation performance suitable for CO2 capture in postcombustion processes. This interpenetrating polymer interface enhanced the overall selectivity of the membrane significantly, exceeding the separation ability of the pristine Pebax-1657 polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Selyanchyn
- WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Roman Selyanchyn
- WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shigenori Fujikawa
- WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- NanoMembrane Technologies Inc., 4-1, Kyudai-Shimachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
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11
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Fujikawa S, Ariyoshi M, Selyanchyn R, Kunitake T. Ultra-fast, Selective CO2 Permeation by Free-standing Siloxane Nanomembranes. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigenori Fujikawa
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- NanoMembrane Technologies, Inc., 4-1 Kyudai-Shimachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | - Miho Ariyoshi
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- NanoMembrane Technologies, Inc., 4-1 Kyudai-Shimachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
| | - Roman Selyanchyn
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Toyoki Kunitake
- International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- NanoMembrane Technologies, Inc., 4-1 Kyudai-Shimachi, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0388, Japan
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12
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Kim D, Kim SH, Park JY. Floating-on-water Fabrication Method for Thin Polydimethylsiloxane Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081264. [PMID: 31370158 PMCID: PMC6722912 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes are used in various applications, such as microvalves, micropumps, microlenses, and cell culture substrates, with various thicknesses from microscale to nanoscale. In this study, we propose a simple fabrication method for PDMS membranes on a water surface, referred to as the floating-on-water (FoW) method. FoW can be used to easily fabricate PDMS membranes with thicknesses of a few micrometers (minimum 3 μm) without special equipment. In addition, as the membrane is fabricated on the water surface, it can be easily handled without damage. In addition, alternative membrane structures were demonstrated, such as membrane-on-pins and droplet-shaped membranes. FoW can be widely used in various applications that require PDMS membranes with microscale thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Joong Yull Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea.
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13
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Sorba F, Poulin A, Ischer R, Shea H, Martin-Olmos C. Integrated elastomer-based device for measuring the mechanics of adherent cell monolayers. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2138-2146. [PMID: 31115420 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00075e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells in the body collectively sustain mechanical deformations in almost all physiological functions. From the morphogenesis stage, cells' ability to sustain stress is essential for the body's well-being. Several pathologies have been associated with abnormal mechanical properties, thus suggesting the Young's modulus as a biomarker to diagnose diseases and determine their progression. Advancements in the field are quite slow because current techniques for measuring cell and tissue mechanics rely on complex and bulky measurement platforms that have low repeatability rates and limited measurement time-scales. We present the first miniaturized system that allows accurate quantification of the Young's modulus of adherent cell monolayers over a longer time (1-2 days). Our approach is based on tensile testing and optical read-out. Thanks to a thoughtful design and material choice, we are able to miniaturize tensile testing platforms into a 1 cm × 2 cm device. We provide highly repeatable Young's modulus measurements in the relevant range between 3 kPa and 300 kPa, over time and under physiological conditions, thus representing an interesting alternative to existing measurement platforms. Furthermore, the compatibility with standard biological equipment, continuous optical imaging and measurements on all types of adherent cells make this device highly versatile. Measurements on human sarcoma osteogenic (SaOS2) and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) are reported. The demonstrated capability to measure real-time changes in mechanical properties, such as after chemical treatment, opens the door for investigating the effects of drugs on cell mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sorba
- Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, CSEM SA, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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14
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Bianco M, Zizzari A, Priore P, Moroni L, Metrangolo P, Frigione M, Rella R, Gaballo A, Arima V. Lab-on-a-brane for spheroid formation. Biofabrication 2019; 11:021002. [PMID: 30776782 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lab-On-a-Brane (LOB) represents a class of Lab-On-a-Chip (LOC) integrating flexible, highly gas permeable and biocompatible thin membranes (TMs). Here we demonstrate the potentiality of LOBs as cell biochips promoting 3D cell growth. The human cancer cells MCF-7 were cultured into standard multiwells (MWs) and into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) MWs, LOCs, and LOBs of different wettability. Surface treatments based on oxygen plasma and coating deposition have been performed to produce hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and oleophobic chips. By a comparison between all these chips, we observed that 3D cell aggregation is favored in LOBs, independent of substrate wettability. This may be attributed to the TM flexibility and the high oxygen/carbon dioxide permeability. Ultimately, LOBs seem to combine the advantages of LOCs as multi-well microfluidic chips to reduce operation time for cell seeding and medium refresh, with the mechanical/morphological properties of PDMS TMs. This is convenient in the perspective of applying mechanical stimuli and monitoring cell stiffness, or studying the metabolism of molecules permeable to PDMS membrane in response to external stimuli with interesting outcomes in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bianco
- CNR-NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy
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15
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Hasebe A, Suematsu Y, Takeoka S, Mazzocchi T, Vannozzi L, Ricotti L, Fujie T. Biohybrid Actuators Based on Skeletal Muscle-Powered Microgrooved Ultrathin Films Consisting of Poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene). ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5734-5743. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Hasebe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tommaso Mazzocchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho,
Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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16
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Rodler A, Schuster C, Berger E, Tscheließnig R, Jungbauer A. Freestanding ultrathin films for separation of small molecules in an aqueous environment. J Biotechnol 2018; 288:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Rathod ML, Ahn J, Saha B, Purwar P, Lee Y, Jeon NL, Lee J. PDMS Sylgard 527-Based Freely Suspended Ultrathin Membranes Exhibiting Mechanistic Characteristics of Vascular Basement Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:40388-40400. [PMID: 30360091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past, significant effort has been made to develop ultrathin membranes exhibiting physiologically relevant mechanical properties, such as thickness and elasticity of native basement membranes. However, most of these fabricated membranes have a relatively high elastic modulus, ∼MPa-GPa, relevant only to retinal and epithelial basement membranes. Vascular basement membranes exhibiting relatively low elastic modulus, ∼kPa, on the contrary, have seldom been mimicked. Membranes demonstrating high compliance, with moduli ranging in ∼kPa along with sub-microscale thicknesses have rarely been reported, and would be ideal to mimic vascular basement membranes in vitro. To address this, we fabricate ultrathin membranes demonstrating the mechanistic features exhibited by their vascular biological counterparts. Salient features of the fabricated ultrathin membranes include free suspension, physiologically relevant thickness ∼sub-micrometers, relatively low modulus ∼kPa, and sufficiently large culture area ∼20 mm2. To fabricate such ultrathin membranes, undiluted PDMS Sylgard 527 was utilized as opposed to the conventional diluted polymer-solvent mixture approach. In addition, the necessity to have a sacrificial layer for releasing membranes from the underlying substrates was also eliminated in our approach. The novelty of our work lies in achieving the distinct combination of membranes having thickness in sub-micrometers and the associated elasticity in kilopascal using undiluted polymer, which past approaches with dilution have not been able to accomplish. The ultrathin membranes with average thickness of 972 nm (thick) and 570 nm (thin) were estimated to have an elastic modulus of 45 and 214 kPa, respectively. Contact angle measurements revealed the ultrathin membranes exhibited hybrophobic characteristics in unpeeled state and transformed to hydrophilic behavior when freely suspended. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the polymeric ultrathin membranes, and the temporal cell response to change in local compliance of the membranes was studied by evaluating the cell spread area, density, percentage area coverage, and spread rate. After 24 h, single cells, pairs, and group of three to four cells were noticed on highly compliant thick membranes, having average thickness of 972 nm and modulus of 45 kPa. On the contrary, the cell monolayer was noted on the glass slide acting as a control. For the thin membranes featuring average thickness of 570 nm and modulus of 214 kPa, the cells tend to exhibit response similar to that on control with initiation of monolayer formation. Our results indicate, the local compliance, in turn, the membrane thickness governs the cell behavior and this can have vital implications during disease initiation and progression, wound healing, and cancer cell metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitesh L Rathod
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Jungho Ahn
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Chemical Engineering Department , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , Odisha , India 769008
| | - Prashant Purwar
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Yejin Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
| | - Junghoon Lee
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , South Korea
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18
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Medium throughput breathing human primary cell alveolus-on-chip model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14359. [PMID: 30254327 PMCID: PMC6156575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-chips have the potential to improve drug development efficiency and decrease the need for animal testing. For the successful integration of these devices in research and industry, they must reproduce in vivo contexts as closely as possible and be easy to use. Here, we describe a ‘breathing’ lung-on-chip array equipped with a passive medium exchange mechanism that provide an in vivo-like environment to primary human lung alveolar cells (hAEpCs) and primary lung endothelial cells. This configuration allows the preservation of the phenotype and the function of hAEpCs for several days, the conservation of the epithelial barrier functionality, while enabling simple sampling of the supernatant from the basal chamber. In addition, the chip design increases experimental throughput and enables trans-epithelial electrical resistance measurements using standard equipment. Biological validation revealed that human primary alveolar type I (ATI) and type II-like (ATII) epithelial cells could be successfully cultured on the chip over multiple days. Moreover, the effect of the physiological cyclic strain showed that the epithelial barrier permeability was significantly affected. Long-term co-culture of primary human lung epithelial and endothelial cells demonstrated the potential of the lung-on-chip array for reproducible cell culture under physiological conditions. Thus, this breathing lung-on-chip array, in combination with patients’ primary ATI, ATII, and lung endothelial cells, has the potential to become a valuable tool for lung research, drug discovery and precision medicine.
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19
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Quirós-Solano WF, Gaio N, Stassen OMJA, Arik YB, Silvestri C, Van Engeland NCA, Van der Meer A, Passier R, Sahlgren CM, Bouten CVC, van den Berg A, Dekker R, Sarro PM. Microfabricated tuneable and transferable porous PDMS membranes for Organs-on-Chips. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13524. [PMID: 30202042 PMCID: PMC6131253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a novel and highly reproducible process to fabricate transferable porous PDMS membranes for PDMS-based Organs-on-Chips (OOCs) using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication technologies. Porous PDMS membranes with pore sizes down to 2.0 μm in diameter and a wide porosity range (2-65%) can be fabricated. To overcome issues normally faced when using replica moulding and extend the applicability to most OOCs and improve their scalability and reproducibility, the process includes a sacrificial layer to easily transfer the membranes from a silicon carrier to any PDMS-based OOC. The highly reliable fabrication and transfer method does not need of manual handling to define the pore features (size, distribution), allowing very thin (<10 μm) functional membranes to be transferred at chip level with a high success rate (85%). The viability of cell culturing on the porous membranes was assessed by culturing two different cell types on transferred membranes in two different OOCs. Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) and MDA-MB-231 (MDA) cells were successfully cultured confirming the viability of cell culturing and the biocompatibility of the membranes. The results demonstrate the potential of controlling the porous membrane features to study cell mechanisms such as transmigrations, monolayer formation, and barrier function. The high control over the membrane characteristics might consequently allow to intentionally trigger or prevent certain cellular responses or mechanisms when studying human physiology and pathology using OOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Quirós-Solano
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands.
| | - N Gaio
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
- BIOND Solutions B.V., Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
| | - O M J A Stassen
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
| | - Y B Arik
- University of Twente, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MIRA and MESA, Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - C Silvestri
- BIOND Solutions B.V., Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
| | - N C A Van Engeland
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
- Abo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Biosciences, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - A Van der Meer
- University of Twente, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - R Passier
- University of Twente, Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - C M Sahlgren
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
- Abo Akademi University, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Molecular Biosciences, Turku, FI-20500, Finland
| | - C V C Bouten
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soft Tissue Engineering and Mechanobiology (STEM), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven, 5600, MB, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Berg
- University of Twente, BIOS Lab on a Chip group, MIRA and MESA, Institute for Nanotechnology, Enschede, 7500, AE, The Netherlands
| | - R Dekker
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
- Phillips, Philips Research, Eindhoven, 5656, AE, The Netherlands
| | - P M Sarro
- Delft University of Technology, Department of Microelectronics, Electronic Components, Technology and Materials (ECTM), Delft, 2628, CD, The Netherlands
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20
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Zizzari A, Bianco M, del Mercato LL, Sorarù A, Carraro M, Pellegrino P, Perrone E, Monteduro AG, Bonchio M, Rinaldi R, Viola I, Arima V. Highly Sensitive Membrane-Based Pressure Sensors (MePS) for Real-Time Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7659-7665. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zizzari
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Monica Bianco
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Loretta L. del Mercato
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonio Sorarù
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Carraro
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pellegrino
- Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Perrone
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anna G. Monteduro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. De Bellis” Research Hospital, via Turi 27, 70013, Castellana Grotte (Bari), Italy
| | - Marcella Bonchio
- ITM-CNR and Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Ilenia Viola
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology, S.Li.M Lab, c/o Department of Physics, Sapienza University, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Arima
- CNR NANOTEC - Institute of Nanotechnology c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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21
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Le-The H, Tibbe M, Loessberg-Zahl J, Palma do Carmo M, van der Helm M, Bomer J, van den Berg A, Leferink A, Segerink L, Eijkel J. Large-scale fabrication of free-standing and sub-μm PDMS through-hole membranes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7711-7718. [PMID: 29658030 PMCID: PMC5944386 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr09658e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Free-standing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) through-hole membranes have been studied extensively in recent years for chemical and biomedical applications. However, robust fabrication of such membranes with sub-μm through-holes, and at a sub-μm thickness over large areas is challenging. In this paper, we report a robust and simple method for large-scale fabrication of free-standing and sub-μm PDMS through-hole membranes, combining soft-lithography with reactive plasma etching techniques. First, arrays of sub-μm photoresist (PR) columns were patterned on another spin-coated sacrificial PR layer, using conventional photolithography processes. Subsequently, a solution of PDMS : hexane at a 1 : 10 ratio was spin-coated over these fabricated arrays. The cured PDMS membrane was etched in a plasma mixture of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and oxygen (O2) to open the through-holes. This PDMS membrane can be smoothly released with a supporting ring by completely dissolving the sacrificial PR structures in acetone. Using this fabrication method, we demonstrated the fabrication of free-standing PDMS membranes at various sub-μm thicknesses down to 600 ± 20 nm, and nanometer-sized through-hole (810 ± 20 nm diameter) densities, over areas as large as 3 cm in diameter. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of the as-prepared membranes as cell-culture substrates for biomedical applications by culturing endothelial cells on these membranes in a Transwell-like set-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Le-The
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Martijn Tibbe
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Joshua Loessberg-Zahl
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Marciano Palma do Carmo
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Marinke van der Helm
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Johan Bomer
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Anne Leferink
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Loes Segerink
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
| | - Jan Eijkel
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group , MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology , MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine , Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics , University of Twente , 7522 NB Enschede , The Netherlands .
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22
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Huang G, Mei Y. Assembly and Self-Assembly of Nanomembrane Materials-From 2D to 3D. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1703665. [PMID: 29292590 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer great opportunities and challenges in both fundamental research and practical applications, which require precise control of building blocks with micro/nanoscale resolution in both individual and mass-production ways. The recent and intensive nanotechnology development gives birth to a new focus on nanomembrane materials, which are defined as structures with thickness limited to about one to several hundred nanometers and with much larger (typically at least two orders of magnitude larger, or even macroscopic scale) lateral dimensions. Nanomembranes can be readily processed in an accurate manner and integrated into functional devices and systems. In this Review, a nanotechnology perspective of nanomembranes is provided, with examples of science and applications in semiconductor, metal, insulator, polymer, and composite materials. Assisted assembly of nanomembranes leads to wrinkled/buckled geometries for flexible electronics and stacked structures for applications in photonics and thermoelectrics. Inspired by kirigami/origami, self-assembled 3D structures are constructed via strain engineering. Many advanced materials have begun to be explored in the format of nanomembranes and extend to biomimetic and 2D materials for various applications. Nanomembranes, as a new type of nanomaterials, allow nanotechnology in a controllable and precise way for practical applications and promise great potential for future nanorelated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
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23
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Opris DM. Polar Elastomers as Novel Materials for Electromechanical Actuator Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1703678. [PMID: 29205519 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric elastomer actuators are stretchable capacitors capable of a musclelike actuation when charged. They will one day be used to replace malfunctioning muscles supposing the driving voltage can be reduced below 24 V. This focus here is on polar dielectric elastomers and their behavior under an electric field. Emphasis is placed on all the features that are correlated with the molecular structure, its synthetic realization, and its impact on properties. Regarding the polymer class, the focus, to some degree, is on polysiloxanes because of their attractively low glass transition temperatures. This enables introduction of highly polar groups to the backbone while maintaining soft elastic properties. The goal is to provide a few guidelines for future research in this emerging field that may be useful for those considering entering this fascinating endeavor. Because of the large number of materials available, a few restrictions in the selection have to be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina M Opris
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Empa, Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Überlandstr. 129, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
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24
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Huang JH, Haffey K, Arefin A, Akhadov LE, Harris JF, Iyer R, Nath P. A microfluidic method to measure bulging heights for bulge testing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyurethane (PU) elastomeric membranes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21133-21138. [PMID: 35539930 PMCID: PMC9080891 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01256c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thin and flexible elastomeric membranes are frequently used in many microfluidic applications including microfluidic valves and organs-on-a-chip. The elastic properties of these membranes play an important role in the design of such microfluidic devices. Bulge testing, which is a common method to characterize the elastic behavior of these membranes, involves direct observation of the changes in the bulge height in response to a range of applied pressures. Here, we report a microfluidic approach to measure the bulging height of elastic membranes to replace direct observation of the bulge height under a microscope. Bulging height is measured by tracking the displacement of a fluid inside a microfluidic channel, where the fluid in the channel was designed to be directly in contact with the elastomeric membrane. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyurethane (PU) membranes with thickness 12–35 μm were fabricated by spin coating for bulge testing using both direct optical observation and the microfluidic method. Bulging height determined from the optical method was subject to interpretation by the user, whereas the microfluidic approach provided a simple but sensitive method for determining the bulging height of membranes down to a few micrometers. This work validates the proof of principle that uses microfluidics to accurately measure bulging height in conventional bulge testing for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyurethane (PU)eElastomeric membranes. A unique microfluidic platform to rapidly and accurately measure the bulging heights of polymeric membranes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Huang Huang
- Bioscience Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | | | - Ayesha Arefin
- Bioscience Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
- Department of Nanoscience and Microsystems
| | | | | | - Rashi Iyer
- Analytics, Intelligence and Technology Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
| | - Pulak Nath
- Physics Division
- Los Alamos National Laboratory
- Los Alamos
- USA
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Selyanchyn R, Fujikawa S. Membrane thinning for efficient CO 2 capture. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:816-827. [PMID: 29152016 PMCID: PMC5678452 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1386531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the fluxes in gas separation membranes is required for utilizing the membranes on a mass scale for CO2 capture. Membrane thinning is one of the most promising approaches to achieve high fluxes. In addition, sophisticated molecular transport across membranes can boost gas separation performance. In this review, we attempt to summarize the current state of CO2 separation membranes, especially from the viewpoint of thinning the selective layers and the membrane itself. The gas permeation behavior of membranes with ultimate thicknesses and their future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Selyanchyn
- WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenori Fujikawa
- WPI International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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26
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Hu B, Leow WR, Amini S, Nai B, Zhang X, Liu Z, Cai P, Li Z, Wu YL, Miserez A, Lim CT, Chen X. Orientational Coupling Locally Orchestrates a Cell Migration Pattern for Re-Epithelialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700145. [PMID: 28585393 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Re-epithelialization by collective migration of epithelial cells over a heterogeneous environment to restore tissue integrity and functions is critical for development and regeneration. Here, it is reported that the spatial organization of adjacent adherent paths within sparsely distributed extracellular matrix (ECM) has a significant impact on the orientational coupling between cell polarization and collective cell migration. This coupling effect determines the migration pattern for human keratinocytes to regain their cohesion, which impacts the occupancy of epithelial bridge and the migration velocity in wound repair. Statistical studies suggest the converging organization of ECM, in which adjacent paths become closer to each other and finally converge to a junctional point, facilitating collective cell migration mostly within variable ECM organization, as the polarization of the advancing cell sheet is remodeled to align along the direction of cell migration. The findings may help to design implantable ECM to optimize efficient skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhui Hu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wan Ru Leow
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shahrouz Amini
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Brenda Nai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhuyun Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yun-Long Wu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ali Miserez
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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27
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Kim J, Wang Y, Park H, Park MC, Moon SE, Hong SM, Koo CM, Suh KY, Yang S, Cho H. Nonlinear Frameworks for Reversible and Pluripotent Wetting on Topographic Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605078. [PMID: 27935128 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Soft, ultrathin frameworks nonlinearly organized in tandem are presented to realize both reversible and pluripotent wetting on topographic surfaces. A design rule is introduced by establishing and proving the theoretical model upon hierarchical textures. Nonlinear frameworks can be conformally and reversibly wet upon complex topography in nature, thereby overcoming the wetting problems in previous conventional solid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsoo Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
- 3D New Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 5720 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hyunchul Park
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Moon
- 3D New Devices Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Man Hong
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Min Koo
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Kahp-Yang Suh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 191014, USA
| | - Hyesung Cho
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-744, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 3231 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 191014, USA
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28
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Sato N, Murata A, Fujie T, Takeoka S. Stretchable, adhesive and ultra-conformable elastomer thin films. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:9202-9209. [PMID: 27785509 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01242f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic elastomers are attractive materials because of the drastic changes in their physical properties above and below the glass transition temperature (Tg). In this paper, we report that free-standing polystyrene (PS, Tg: 100 °C) and polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene triblock copolymer (SBS, Tg: -70 °C) thin films with a thickness of hundreds of nanometers were prepared by a gravure coating method. Among the mechanical properties of these thin films determined by bulge testing and tensile testing, the SBS thin films exhibited a much lower elastic modulus (ca. 0.045 GPa, 212 nm thickness) in comparison with the PS thin films (ca. 1.19 GPa, 217 nm thickness). The lower elastic modulus and lower thickness of the SBS thin films resulted in higher conformability and thus higher strength of adhesion to an uneven surface such as an artificial skin model with roughness (Ra = 10.6 μm), even though they both have similar surface energies. By analyzing the mechanical properties of the SBS thin films, the elastic modulus and thickness of the thin films were strongly correlated with their conformability to a rough surface, which thus led to a high adhesive strength. Therefore, the SBS thin films will be useful as coating layers for a variety of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Sato
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamtsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Murata
- Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Waseda University, 513 Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamtsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan. and Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamtsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
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29
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A Reversibly Sealed, Easy Access, Modular (SEAM) Microfluidic Architecture to Establish In Vitro Tissue Interfaces. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156341. [PMID: 27227828 PMCID: PMC4881956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic barrier tissue models have emerged as advanced in vitro tools to explore interactions with external stimuli such as drug candidates, pathogens, or toxins. However, the procedures required to establish and maintain these systems can be challenging to implement for end users, particularly those without significant in-house engineering expertise. Here we present a module-based approach that provides an easy-to-use workflow to establish, maintain, and analyze microscale tissue constructs. Our approach begins with a removable culture insert that is magnetically coupled, decoupled, and transferred between standalone, prefabricated microfluidic modules for simplified cell seeding, culture, and downstream analysis. The modular approach allows several options for perfusion including standard syringe pumps or integration with a self-contained gravity-fed module for simple cell maintenance. As proof of concept, we establish a culture of primary human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and report combined surface protein imaging and gene expression after controlled apical stimulation with the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We also demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating hydrated biomaterial interfaces into the microfluidic architecture by integrating an ultra-thin (< 1 μm), self-assembled hyaluronic acid/peptide amphiphile culture membrane with brain-specific Young’s modulus (~ 1kPa). To highlight the importance of including biomimetic interfaces into microscale models we report multi-tiered readouts from primary rat cortical cells cultured on the self-assembled membrane and compare a panel of mRNA targets with primary brain tissue signatures. We anticipate that the modular approach and simplified operational workflows presented here will enable a wide range of research groups to incorporate microfluidic barrier tissue models into their work.
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30
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Chang L, Bertani P, Gallego-Perez D, Yang Z, Chen F, Chiang C, Malkoc V, Kuang T, Gao K, Lee LJ, Lu W. 3D nanochannel electroporation for high-throughput cell transfection with high uniformity and dosage control. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:243-52. [PMID: 26309218 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Of great interest to modern medicine and biomedical research is the ability to inject individual target cells with the desired genes or drug molecules. Some advances in cell electroporation allow for high throughput, high cell viability, or excellent dosage control, yet no platform is available for the combination of all three. In an effort to solve this problem, here we show a "3D nano-channel electroporation (NEP) chip" on a silicon platform designed to meet these three criteria. This NEP chip can simultaneously deliver the desired molecules into 40,000 cells per cm(2) on the top surface of the device. Each 650 nm pore aligns to a cell and can be used to deliver extremely small biological elements to very large plasmids (>10 kbp). When compared to conventional bulk electroporation (BEP), the NEP chip shows a 20 fold improvement in dosage control and uniformity, while still maintaining high cell viability (>90%) even in cells such as cardiac cells which are characteristically difficult to transfect. This high-throughput 3D NEP system provides an innovative and medically valuable platform with uniform and reliable cellular transfection, allowing for a steady supply of healthy, engineered cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqian Chang
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Paul Bertani
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Gallego-Perez
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Feng Chen
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Chiling Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Veysi Malkoc
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Tairong Kuang
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - Keliang Gao
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
| | - L James Lee
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Wu Lu
- National Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA. and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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31
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Jang LW, Lee J, Razu ME, Jensen EC, Kim J. Fabrication of PDMS Nanocomposite Materials and Nanostructures for Biomedical Nanosystems. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:841-9. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2509602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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32
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Nagamine K, Abe Y, Kai H, Kaji H, Nishizawa M. Highly stretchable cell-cultured hydrogel sheet. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11059a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A free-standing cell-cultured hydrogel sheet with stretchability was prepared for an in vitro cellular assay with mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Nagamine
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Yuina Abe
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kai
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kaji
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Bioengineering and Robotics
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
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33
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Chae SK, Mun CH, Noh DY, Kang E, Lee SH. Simple fabrication method for a porous poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix by multisolvent mixtures for an air-exposed model of the lung epithelial system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:12107-12113. [PMID: 25260012 DOI: 10.1021/la501453h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a simple and easy method for fabricating a thin and porous matrix that can be used as an extracellular matrix (ECM). A porous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix was created through recrystallization by multiple solvents under distilled water (DW), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and a combination of DW and IPA. The crysatllization was driven by precipitating and dissolving a solute in a solution of a solvent and a nonsolvent, which induced the formation of microspheres in the IPA. The crystal structure depended on the ratio of the solvent/nonsolvent and the concentration of the PVA aqueous solution; these properties were used to tune the thickness, size, and porosity of the matrices. The resulting PVA matrix was chemically stabilized through a reaction with glutaraldehyde in the IPA solution. We demonstrated that a very thin and porous PVA matrix provided an effective functional model of the lung epithelial system. Lung epithelial cells (A549) displayed a high affinity for this matrix, which was permeable to the culture medium. These properties facilitated culturing under the air environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kyoung Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University , Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
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34
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Kim BC, Moraes C, Huang J, Matsuoka T, Thouless M, Takayama S. Fracture-based fabrication of normally closed, adjustable, and fully reversible microscale fluidic channels. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:4020-4029. [PMID: 24942855 PMCID: PMC4192030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjustable fluidic structures play an important role in microfluidic systems. Fracture of multilayered materials under applied tension has been previously demonstrated as a convenient, simple, and inexpensive approach to fabricate nanoscale adjustable structures; here, it is demonstrated how to extend this concept to the microscale. This is achieved by a novel pairing of materials that leverages fracture mechanics to limit crack formation to a specified region, allowing to create size-controllable and adjustable microfluidic structures. This technique can be used to fabricate "normally closed" microfluidic channels that are completely reversible, a feature that is challenging to achieve in conventional systems without careful engineering controls. The adjustable microfluidic channels are then applied to mechanically lyse single cells, and subsequently manipulate the released nuclear chromatin, creating new possibilities for epigenetic analysis of single cells. This simple, versatile, and robust technology provides an easily accessible pathway to construct adjustable microfluidic structures, which will be useful in developing complex assays and experiments even in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoung Choul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiexi Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Toshiki Matsuoka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - M.D. Thouless
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Division of Nano-Bio and Chemical Engineering WCU Project, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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35
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Pérez-Madrigal MM, Giannotti MI, del Valle LJ, Franco L, Armelin E, Puiggalí J, Sanz F, Alemán C. Thermoplastic polyurethane:polythiophene nanomembranes for biomedical and biotechnological applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:9719-9732. [PMID: 24857815 DOI: 10.1021/am502150q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nanomembranes have been prepared by spin-coating mixtures of a polythiophene (P3TMA) derivative and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using 20:80, 40:60, and 60:40 TPU:P3TMA weight ratios. After structural, topographical, electrochemical, and thermal characterization, properties typically related with biomedical applications have been investigated: swelling, resistance to both hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation, biocompatibility, and adsorption of type I collagen, which is an extra cellular matrix protein that binds fibronectin favoring cell adhesion processes. The swelling ability and the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradability of TPU:P3TMA membranes increases with the concentration of P3TMA. Moreover, the degradation of the blends is considerably promoted by the presence of enzymes in the hydrolytic medium, TPU:P3TMA blends behaving as biodegradable materials. On the other hand, TPU:P3TMA nanomembranes behave as bioactive platforms stimulating cell adhesion and, especially, cell viability. Type I collagen adsorption largely depends on the substrate employed to support the nanomembrane, whereas it is practically independent of the chemical nature of the polymeric material used to fabricate the nanomembrane. However, detailed microscopy study of the morphology and topography of adsorbed collagen evidence the formation of different organizations, which range from fibrils to pseudoregular honeycomb networks depending on the composition of the nanomembrane that is in contact with the protein. Scaffolds made of electroactive TPU:P3TMA nanomembranes are potential candidates for tissue engineering biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Pérez-Madrigal
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, ETSEIB, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Avda. Diagonal 647, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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36
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Ju J. Cryo-preservation for the repeated use of a PDMS prepolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jongil Ju
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science; Korea University; Seoul 136-703 Republic of Korea
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37
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Shao Y, Fu J. Integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for cell mechanics and mechanobiology: a materials perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:1494-533. [PMID: 24339188 PMCID: PMC4076293 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials in the last two decades has empowered materials scientists and bioengineers to precisely control different aspects of the in vitro cell microenvironment. Following a philosophy of reductionism, many studies using synthetic functional biomaterials have revealed instructive roles of individual extracellular biophysical and biochemical cues in regulating cellular behaviors. Development of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials to study complex and emergent biological phenomena has also thrived rapidly in recent years, revealing adaptive and integrated cellular behaviors closely relevant to human physiological and pathological conditions. Working at the interface between materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine, we are now at the beginning of a great exploration using micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for both fundamental biology study and clinical and biomedical applications such as regenerative medicine and drug screening. In this review, an overview of state of the art micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials that can control precisely individual aspects of cell-microenvironment interactions is presented and they are highlighted them as well-controlled platforms for mechanistic studies of mechano-sensitive and -responsive cellular behaviors and integrative biology research. The recent exciting trend where micro/nanoengineered biomaterials are integrated into miniaturized biological and biomimetic systems for dynamic multiparametric microenvironmental control of emergent and integrated cellular behaviors is also discussed. The impact of integrated micro/nanoengineered functional biomaterials for future in vitro studies of regenerative medicine, cell biology, as well as human development and disease models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shao
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
| | - Jianping Fu
- Integrated Biosystems and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA). Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109 (USA)
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