1
|
Hou J, Feng Y, Yang Z, Ding Y, Cheng D, Shi Z, Li R, Xue L. Primary Sjögren's syndrome: new perspectives on salivary gland epithelial cells. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:371. [PMID: 39014509 PMCID: PMC11253495 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting exocrine glands such as the salivary glands, leading to impaired secretion and sicca symptoms. As the mainstay of salivation, salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) have an important role in the pathology of pSS. Emerging evidence suggests that the interplay between immunological factors and SGECs may not be the initial trigger or the sole mechanism responsible for xerostomia in pSS, challenging conventional perceptions. To deepen our understanding, current research regarding SGECs in pSS was reviewed. Among the extensive aberrations in cellular architecture and function, this review highlighted certain alterations of SGECs that were identified to occur independently of or in absence of lymphocytic infiltration. In particular, some of these alterations may serve as upstream factors of immuno-inflammatory responses. These findings underscore the significance of introspecting the pathogenesis of pSS and developing interventions targeting SGECs in the early stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hou
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yiyi Feng
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Zhixia Yang
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Yimei Ding
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Dandan Cheng
- Shanghai Skin Diseases Hospital, 200 Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhonghao Shi
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Rouxin Li
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Luan Xue
- Rheumatology Department, Yueyang Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim JW, Kim JM, Choi ME, Jeon EJ, Park JM, Kim YM, Choi JS. Adiponectin is associated with inflammaging and age-related salivary gland lipid accumulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1840-1858. [PMID: 36988495 PMCID: PMC10085617 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Dry mouth is frequently observed in the elderly, and enhanced lipid accumulation plays a critical role in cellular senescence in the salivary gland (SG). We investigated the mechanisms that mediate lipogenesis-associated SG senescence. Adult (28.6 ± 6.6 y.o. and 43.3 ± 1.5 y.o.) and aged (82.0 ± 4.3 y.o. and 88.0 ± 4.3 y.o.) human parotid and submandibular glands were compared with respect to histologic findings, 8-OHdG (8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine) expression patterns, TUNEL (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) and SA-β-gal (senescence-associated β-galactosidase) assay results. Also, microarray analysis was performed on RNA extracted from adult and aged SG to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes). The effects of silencing ADIPOQ (Adiponectin) were evaluated by quantifying cell proliferation, immunohistochemical staining for cellular senescence and inflammation-associated proteins, SA-β-gal assays, RT-PCR, and western blot. Histological findings demonstrated the presence of more lipocytes, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and lymphocytic infiltration in old SG. In addition, old tissues demonstrated higher expressions of SA-β-gal, more apoptotic cells in TUNEL assays, and higher oxidative stress by 8-OHdG immunostaining. Microarray analysis showed lipogenesis was significantly upregulated in old tissues. Silencing of ADIPOQ (a lipogenesis-related gene) reduced inflammation and SA-β-gal levels and increased cell proliferation and the expressions of amylase and aquaporin 5 in human SG epithelial cells. The study shows ADIPOQ is a potential target molecule for the modulation of lipogenesis associated with SG senescence.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sales-Peres SHDC, Houghton J, Meira GDF, de Moura-Grec PG, Brienze SLA, Karim BA, Carpenter GH. Salivary Adiponectin and Albumin Levels on the Gingival Conditions of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5261. [PMID: 37047877 PMCID: PMC10094151 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzed the salivary proteomics, adiponectin and albumin, related to weight loss and periodontitis in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. This study included fourteen patients with morbid obesity (body mass index, BMI > 40 kg/m2) who underwent bariatric surgery Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) in System Health Public in Brazil. Data on demographic and anthropometric measures were extracted from medical records preoperatively and 6 and 12 months post-surgery. The variables assessed were: probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and stimulated whole-mouth saliva. In this study, saliva samples were analyzed by electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The ELISA kit was used to measure the MMP8 levels to determine potential markers for obesity. Adiponectin and albumin levels were also evaluated. Weight loss was associated with significant changes in patients' periodontal clinical data. Although 7 out of 10 periodontal patients showed an increase in salivary adiponectin levels after root planning treatment, when analyzed by Western blotting, the increase was not statistically significant (21.1 ± 4.8 to 26.3 ± 9.4 arbitrary units, p > 0.99). There was no correlation between albumin levels and salivary adiponectin pre-surgery, nor 6 months or 12 months after surgery. Weight loss was not improved by low-grade inflammation in bariatric patients, since albumin levels were similar between periods. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is modulated by several factors, among which adiponectin plays an important role for the treatment of periodontal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Houghton
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela de Figueiredo Meira
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Garcia de Moura-Grec
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | | | - Belkais Abuuasha Karim
- Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Center for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo XH, Wu MY, Zhao G, Wu FH, Xu YD, Yin MZ, Xiang L. The locoregional adiponectin and its synergistic antitumor effect with HIF-1α blockade in TSCC. Oral Dis 2023; 29:515-527. [PMID: 34174132 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is a kind of endogenous anti-tumor adipocytokine, which exerts its function by binding to its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2). However, hyperadiponectinemia is found in some pathophysiological processes without significant protective effect, which indicates the existence of APN resistance. Here, we aimed to investigate the locoregional expression of APN in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues, and to explore the potential regulatory mechanism of APN resistance under hypoxia. Consequently, we found that the protein expression of APN and AdipoR1, but not AdipoR2, was upregulated in the early stage of TSCC and after hypoxic treatment ex vivo and in vitro. Knockdown of HIF-1α decreased the level of APN and AdipoR1, and simultaneously, HIF-1α was identified as transcriptor of the APN. Intriguingly, a regenerative feedback of HIF-1α was unexpectedly detected after application of recombinant globular APN (gAPN), which most likely contributed to the APN resistance. Furthermore, HIF-1α blockade combined with gAPN has a prominent synergistic antitumor effect, which suggested an effective amelioration in APN resistance. In all, our study revealed the possible mechanism of APN resistance under hypoxia and provides a promising strategy of bi-target treatment with APN and HIF-1α for TSCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Guo
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wu
- Department of Basic Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Dan Xu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Yin
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Traver C, Miralles L, Barcia JM. Association between Molecular Mechanisms and Tooth Eruption in Children with Obesity. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081209. [PMID: 36010098 PMCID: PMC9406572 DOI: 10.3390/children9081209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Different works have reported earlier permanent teething in obese/overweight children compared to control ones. In contrast, others have reported a delayed permanent teething in undernutrition/underweight children compared to control one. It has been reported that becoming overweight or suffering from obesity can increase gingival pro-inflammatory drive and can affect orthodontic treatment (among other complications). In this sense, little is known about the molecular mechanisms affecting dental eruption timing. Leptin and adiponectin are adipocytokines signaling molecules released in overweight and underweight conditions, respectively. These adipocytokines can modulate osteocyte, odontoblast, and cementoblast activity, even regulating dental lamina initiation. The present review focuses on the molecular approach wherein leptin and adiponectin act as modulators of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx 2) gene regulating dental eruption timing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Traver
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucía Miralles
- Department of Dentistry, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jorge Miguel Barcia
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bharaj TK, Aqrawi LA, Fromreide S, Jonsson R, Brun JG, Appel S, Skarstein K. Inflammatory Stratification in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Reveals Novel Immune Cell Alterations in Patients' Minor Salivary Glands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701581. [PMID: 34322130 PMCID: PMC8311440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to deconvolute the heterogeneity displayed by the minor salivary glands of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients. This is challenging primarily because the disease etiology remains unknown. The hypothesis includes that initial events in the disease pathogenesis target the salivary glands, thereby triggering the development of focal infiltrates (≥50 mononuclear cells) and finally germinal center-like structures. However, the proportion of key mononuclear immune cells residing at these sites, in combination with the overall ratio of morphometric tissue atrophy and adipose infiltration within the minor salivary glands (MSG) parenchyma at distinct phases of inflammatory disease establishment and progression have not been quantified in detail. In this cross-sectional study, we intended to address this problem by stratifying 85 patients into mild (S1), moderate (S2), and severe (S3) stages using the Inflammatory severity index. We found that mild (<3%) and marked (≥3%) levels of atrophy were accompanied by the respective levels of adipose infiltration in the non-SS sicca controls (p <0.01), but not in pSS patients. The percentage of adipose infiltration significantly correlated with the age of patients (r = 0.458, p <0.0001) and controls (r = 0.515, p <0.0001). The CD4+ T helper cell incidence was reduced in the focal infiltrates of the MSG of S2 patients compared to S1 (p <0.01), and in S2 compared to S1 and S3 combined (p <0.05). CD20+ B cells increased from S1 to S3 (p <0.01) and S2 to S3 (p <0.01), meanwhile CD138+ plasma cells diminished in S3 patients compared to both S1 and S2 groups combined (p <0.01). The proportion of patients with anti-Ro/SSA+, anti-La/SSB+, and RF+ increased over the course of inflammatory disease progression and they were significantly more common in the S3 group relative to S1 (p <0.05). On the other hand, S2 patients measured a higher mean salivary flow relative to S1 and S3 patients combined (p <0.05). Our results demonstrate how the proposed Inflammatory severity index stratification revealed pathological cell and tissue-associated aberrations in the salivary component over the course of inflammatory progression, and their correlations to clinical outcomes. This could be directly transferred to the optimization of available diagnostic strategies applied for pSS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamandeep K Bharaj
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lara A Aqrawi
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siren Fromreide
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Johan G Brun
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Silke Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kathrine Skarstein
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
CTRP3 promotes TNF-α-induced apoptosis and barrier dysfunction in salivary epithelial cells. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110042. [PMID: 33991612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND C1q/tumour necrosis factor-related protein 3 (CTRP3) plays important roles in metabolism and inflammatory responses in various cells and tissues. However, the expression and function of CTRP3 in salivary glands have not been explored. METHODS The expression and distribution of CTRP3 were detected by western blot, polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. The effects of CTRP3 on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis and barrier dysfunction were detected by flow cytometry, western blot, co-immunoprecipitation, and measurement of transepithelial resistance and paracellular tracer flux. RESULTS CTRP3 was distributed in both acinar and ductal cells of human submandibular gland (SMG) and was primarily located in the ducts of rat and mouse SMGs. TNF-α increased the apoptotic rate, elevated expression of cleaved caspase 3 and cytochrome C, and reduced B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) levels in cultured human SMG tissue and SMG-C6 cells, and CTRP3 further enhanced TNF-α-induced apoptosis response. Additionally, CTRP3 aggravated TNF-α-increased paracellular permeability. Mechanistically, CTRP3 promoted TNF-α-enhanced TNF type I receptor (TNFR1) expression, inhibited the expression of cellular Fas-associated death domain (FADD)-like interleukin-1β converting enzyme inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), and increased the recruitment of FADD with receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 and caspase 8. Moreover, CTRP3 was significantly increased in the labial gland of Sjögren's syndrome patients and in the serum and SMG of nonobese diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the salivary glands are a novel source of CTRP3 synthesis and secretion. CTRP3 might promote TNF-α-induced cell apoptosis through the TNFR1-mediated complex II pathway.
Collapse
|
8
|
Giardullo L, Corrado A, Maruotti N, Cici D, Mansueto N, Cantatore FP. Adipokine role in physiopathology of inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211015034. [PMID: 33983056 PMCID: PMC8127732 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211015034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a systematic literature review to summarize the underlying pathogenic mechanisms by which adipokines influence rheumatological diseases and the resulting clinical manifestations. Increasing evidence display that numerous adipokines may significantly influence the development or clinical course of various rheumatological diseases. Despite the normal anti- or pro-inflammatory role of the cytokines, the serum level varies enormously in various rheumatological diseases. The expression of high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin or visfatin, respectively in systemic lupus erythematosus and in rheumatoid arthritis, represents a negative prognostic factor; other adipokines such as adiponectin, broadly known for their anti-inflammatory effects, showed a correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. In the near future pro-inflammatory cytokines may represent a potential therapeutic target to restrain the severity of rheumatological diseases. Further studies on adipokines may provide important information on the pathogenesis of these diseases, which are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which adipokines induce, worsen, or suppress inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal pathologies and their clinical significance will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liberato Giardullo
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Addolorata Corrado
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Maruotti
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daniela Cici
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Natalia Mansueto
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Cantatore
- Rheumatology Clinic “Mario Carrozzo”, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, “Policlinico Riuniti” University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yong J, von Bremen J, Ruiz-Heiland G, Ruf S. Adiponectin Interacts In-Vitro With Cementoblasts Influencing Cell Migration, Proliferation and Cementogenesis Partly Through the MAPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:585346. [PMID: 33414717 PMCID: PMC7783624 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.585346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current clinical evidences suggest that circulating Adipokines such as Adiponectin can influence the ratio of orthodontic tooth movement. We aimed to investigate the effect that Adiponectin has on cementoblasts (OCCM-30) and on the intracellular signaling molecules of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We demonstrated that OCCM-30 cells express AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. Alizarin Red S staining revealed that Adiponectin increases mineralized nodule formation and quantitative AP activity in a dose-dependent manner. Adiponectin up-regulates the mRNA levels of AP, BSP, OCN, OPG, Runx-2 as well as F-Spondin. Adiponectin also increases the migration and proliferation of OCCM-30 cells. Moreover, Adiponectin induces a transient activation of JNK, P38, ERK1/2 and promotes the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3. The activation of Adiponectin-mediated migration and proliferation was attenuated after pharmacological inhibition of P38, ERK1/2 and JNK in different degrees, whereas mineralization was facilitated by MAPK inhibition in varying degrees. Based on our results, Adiponectin favorably affect OCCM-30 cell migration, proliferation as well as cementogenesis. One of the underlying mechanisms is the activation of MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Yong
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Julia von Bremen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gisela Ruiz-Heiland
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ruf
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Crosson SM, Marques A, Dib P, Dotson CD, Munger SD, Zolotukhin S. Taste Receptor Cells in Mice Express Receptors for the Hormone Adiponectin. Chem Senses 2020; 44:409-422. [PMID: 31125082 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic hormone adiponectin is secreted into the circulation by adipocytes and mediates key biological functions, including insulin sensitivity, adipocyte development, and fatty acid oxidation. Adiponectin is also abundant in saliva, where its functions are poorly understood. Here we report that murine taste receptor cells (TRCs) express specific adiponectin receptors and may be a target for salivary adiponectin. This is supported by the presence of all three known adiponectin receptors in transcriptomic data obtained by RNA-seq analysis of purified circumvallate (CV) taste buds. As well, immunohistochemical analysis of murine CV papillae showed that two adiponectin receptors, ADIPOR1 and T-cadherin, are localized to subsets of TRCs. Immunofluorescence for T-cadherin was primarily co-localized with the Type 2 TRC marker phospholipase C β2, suggesting that adiponectin signaling could impact sweet, bitter, or umami taste signaling. However, adiponectin null mice showed no differences in behavioral lick responsiveness compared with wild-type controls in brief-access lick testing. AAV-mediated overexpression of adiponectin in the salivary glands of adiponectin null mice did result in a small but significant increase in behavioral lick responsiveness to the fat emulsion Intralipid. Together, these results suggest that salivary adiponectin can affect TRC function, although its impact on taste responsiveness and peripheral taste coding remains unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Crosson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Andrew Marques
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Dib
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cedrick D Dotson
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven D Munger
- Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Smell and Taste, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Muñoz-Prieto A, Cerón JJ, Martínez-Subiela S, Mrljak V, Tvarijonaviciute A. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Serum Adiponectin Measurements in the Framework of Dog Obesity. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1650. [PMID: 32937899 PMCID: PMC7552203 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an abundant plasma protein that is closely related to obesity and obesity-related pathologies. The molecule can be found in three different isoforms, each with different biological activities. Studies on canine obesity have suggested that adiponectin concentrations are decreased in obesity; however, no canine meta-analyses have been performed that feature all the required data. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that pertain to total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin in relation to canine obesity. From 20 different studies, a total of 366 dogs with obesity and 349 normal weight dogs are included in the meta-analysis. Client-owned dogs were most represented, accounting for 54.3% of the dogs used, while experimental dogs enrolled in the studies made up the remaining 45.7%. The concentrations of total adiponectin in dogs with obesity were significantly lower compared with normal weight dogs. Additionally, adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in dogs after a successful weight loss protocol compared to the start of the protocol and were significantly lower in dogs after gaining weight. In conclusion, although caution should be taken due to the relatively low number of studies that exist and the high heterogeneity between them, this meta-analysis indicates that adiponectin is decreased in obese dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (V.M.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Silvia Martínez-Subiela
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (S.M.-S.)
| | - Vladimir Mrljak
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.M.-P.); (V.M.)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (S.M.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rohde K, Schamarek I, Blüher M. Consequences of Obesity on the Sense of Taste: Taste Buds as Treatment Targets? Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:509-528. [PMID: 32431111 PMCID: PMC7453985 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature obesity-related mortality is caused by cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical disabilities, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. Obesity is caused by a positive energy balance due to hyper-caloric nutrition, low physical activity, and energy expenditure. Overeating is partially driven by impaired homeostatic feedback of the peripheral energy status in obesity. However, food with its different qualities is a key driver for the reward driven hedonic feeding with tremendous consequences on calorie consumption. In addition to visual and olfactory cues, taste buds of the oral cavity process the earliest signals which affect the regulation of food intake, appetite and satiety. Therefore, taste buds may play a crucial role how food related signals are transmitted to the brain, particularly in priming the body for digestion during the cephalic phase. Indeed, obesity development is associated with a significant reduction in taste buds. Impaired taste bud sensitivity may play a causal role in the pathophysiology of obesity in children and adolescents. In addition, genetic variation in taste receptors has been linked to body weight regulation. This review discusses the importance of taste buds as contributing factors in the development of obesity and how obesity may affect the sense of taste, alterations in food preferences and eating behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Rohde
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Imke Schamarek
- Medical Department III (Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Medical Department III (Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fernández-Torres J, Pérez-Hernández N, Hernández-Molina G, Martínez-Nava GA, Garrido-Rodríguez D, López-Reyes A, Rodríguez-Pérez JM. Risk of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway gene polymorphisms in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:418-425. [PMID: 31302686 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore genetic polymorphisms of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in primary SS (PSS). METHODS We included 98 patients with PSS and 165 healthy volunteers. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Through an open-array platform of low density, we genotyped 25 polymorphisms from 14 genes (WISP1, DKK1, SOST, FRZB, LRP1, LRP4, LRP5, LRP6, GSKB, ADAMTS5, GDF5, FMN2, ADIPOQ and COL11A1) involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. We compared the allelic and genotypic frequencies with Fisher's exact test and logistic regression analysis adjusted by age, gender and individual admixture, as well as bootstrap-resampling analysis. We assessed the gene-gene interaction by the multifactor dimensionality reduction method. RESULTS We found a positive significant association with four polymorphisms: LRP5 rs606989, FRZB rs409238, GSK3B rs2037547 and ADIPOQ rs2241766. All of them conferred risk for PSS, being the highest among subjects carrying three to four risk alleles (P < 0.001). According to a multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis, the best models included the LRP5 (rs606989), FRZB (rs409238) and ADIPOQ (rs2241766) polymorphisms. CONCLUSION LRP5, FRZB and ADIPOQ genes related in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway increased the risk of PSS. Further research is needed to establish their functional role in this clinical entity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fernández-Torres
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
| | | | - Gabriela Hernández-Molina
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán
| | | | - Daniela Garrido-Rodríguez
- Center of Research in Infectious Diseases (CIENI), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto López-Reyes
- Synovial Fluid Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Naimo GD, Gelsomino L, Catalano S, Mauro L, Andò S. Interfering Role of ERα on Adiponectin Action in Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:66. [PMID: 32132979 PMCID: PMC7041409 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excess of adipose tissue, due to adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ producing many bioactive molecules, called adipokines. During obesity, dysfunctional adipocytes alter adipokine secretion, contributing to pathophysiology of obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic syndrome, type 2-diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and many types of malignancies. Circulating adiponectin levels are inversely correlated with BMI, thus adiponectin concentrations are lower in obese than normal-weight subjects. Many clinical investigations highlight that low adiponectin levels represent a serious risk factor in breast carcinogenesis, and are associated with the development of more aggressive phenotype. A large-scale meta-analysis suggests that BMI was positively associated with breast cancer mortality in women with ERα-positive disease, regardless menopausal status. This suggests the importance of estrogen signaling contribution in breast tumorigenesis of obese patients. It has been largely demonstrated that adiponectin exerts a protective role in ERα-negative cells, promoting anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, while controversial data have been reported in ERα-positive cells. Indeed, emerging data provide evidences that adiponectin in obese patients behave as growth factor in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. This addresses how ERα signaling interference may enhance the potential inhibitory threshold of adiponectin in ERα-positive cells. Thus, we may reasonably speculate that the relatively low adiponectin concentrations could be still not adequate to elicit, in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, the same inhibitory effects observed in ERα-negative cells. In the present review we will focus on the molecular mechanisms through which adiponectin affects breast cancer cell behavior in relationship to ERα expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
- *Correspondence: Loredana Mauro
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
- Health Center, University of Calabria, Arcavacata, Italy
- Sebastiano Andò
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dąbrowski R, Wdowiak A, Contreras-Aguilar MD, Franco-Martinez L, Muñoz-Prieto A, Szczubiał M, Martinez-Subiela S, Ceron JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A. Serum and salivary adiponectin dynamics in septic and non-septic systemic inflammation in a canine model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 219:109961. [PMID: 31710908 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is a 30 kDa protein hormone that has anti-atherogenic properties, being an insulin-sensitizing and anti-inflammatory molecule. Salivary adiponectin concentrations correlate positively with serum, thus, saliva was indicated as appropriate biofluid for its measurement in different clinical situations. However, inflammation was indicated as main confounding factor when evaluating the usefulness and the reliability of determination of salivary adiponectin. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the dynamics of salivary and serum adiponectin in systemic non-septic and septic inflammation using a dogs as a model. Forty bitches were enrolled. Seventeen dogs were healthy (group I, non-septic) and 23 bitches were diagnosed with pyometra (group II, septic). Ovariohysterectomy was performed for all animals. Saliva and blood samples were collected before (D0) and 3 (D3) and 10 (D10) days after ovariohysterectomy. At D0, Group I showed higher serum and salivary adiponectin than group II, although statistical significance was only detected in salivary adiponectin between the two groups at D0 (P = 0.001). In serum, adiponectin was higher on D0 than on D3 and tended to reach pre-surgery values on D10 in both groups. Salivary adiponectin showed similar behaviour to serum in Group I, while in group II salivary adiponectin concentrations were lowest on D0 and tended to increase on D3 and D10. The data obtained in present study describe for the first time the comparative behavior of salivary adiponectin in non-septic and septic inflammation. Salivary, and not serum, adiponectin seemed to mimic better the inflammatory and general health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Dąbrowski
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Wdowiak
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maria D Contreras-Aguilar
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Franco-Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Marek Szczubiał
- Department and Clinic of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 30 Gleboka St., 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose J Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Iterlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Katsiougiannis S, Tenta R, Skopouli FN. Autoimmune epithelitis (Sjögren's syndrome); the impact of metabolic status of glandular epithelial cells on auto-immunogenicity. J Autoimmun 2019; 104:102335. [PMID: 31540861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that distinct cell metabolic alterations strongly contribute to the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the past decade the term immunometabolism has been introduced to describe the intracellular metabolic shifts of immune cells that lead to alterations of their functions. The pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS), also referred to as autoimmune epithelitis, is not completely understood, but strong evidence supports the central role of the salivary glandular epithelial cells which are the target cells in the initiation of the autoimmune responses. Moreover, the altered epithelial functional phenotype, observed in the salivary gland lesion, may explain their disturbed secretory as well as immunoregulatory functions. From an immunometabolic perspective we have focused our studies on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) and the implication of its altered functions in the immunogenicity of these cells in SS. We showed that ER of SGEC in SS patients in situ is stressed and extensively dilated. Using salivary gland cell cultures, we studied in vitro the effect of ER stress on the metabolic behavior and viability of the cells. ER stress induced by thapsigargin increased spliced X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1, transcription factor that increases the transcription of UPR target genes) levels in a time-dependent manner followed by autophagy and resulted to cell apoptosis. In apoptotic cells, we observed that the autoantigens Ro52 and La were redistributed in apoptotic blebs. During the induction of ER stress autophagy rescued the cells from apoptosis acting as a protective mechanism. We have also shown that adiponectin, a multifunctional hormone, is upregulated in the SGEC of SS patients acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner in the same cells. Adiponectin through activation of AMPK, the major sensor for cell energy demands, protected SGEC from apoptosis. Our results in combination with the work of others indicate that any effort of cell adaptation to ER stress may up regulate a proinflammatory milieu. This enhances the notion that metabolic alterations of the targeted epithelial cells in SS, independently of the cause, may induce an immunogenic phenotype. Therefore, SGEC have the potential to directly regulate susceptibility to and/or severity of autoimmune responses. Since adiponectin plays a vital role in the viability of SGEC through phosphorylation of AMPK, therapeutic interventions using PPAR agonists that upregulate adiponectin and concomitantly modify the energy metabolism, may be promising candidates for therapeutic intervention in SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Katsiougiannis
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece El. Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece.
| | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece El. Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece
| | - Fotini N Skopouli
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece El. Venizelou 70, Athens, 17671, Greece; Euroclinic of Athens, Department of Internal Medicine and Autoimmune Diseases, Athanasiadou 7-9, Athens, 11521, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gelsomino L, Naimo GD, Catalano S, Mauro L, Andò S. The Emerging Role of Adiponectin in Female Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2127. [PMID: 31052147 PMCID: PMC6539460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, characterized by excess body weight, is now accepted as a hazardous health condition and an oncogenic factor. In different epidemiological studies obesity has been described as a risk factor in several malignancies. Some biological mechanisms that orchestrate obesity-cancer interaction have been discovered, although others are still not completely understood. The unbalanced secretion of biomolecules, called "adipokines", released by adipocytes strongly influences obesity-related cancer development. Among these adipokines, adiponectin exerts a critical role. Physiologically adiponectin governs glucose levels and lipid metabolism and is fundamental in the reproductive system. Low adiponectin circulating levels have been found in obese patients, in which its protective effects were lost. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, in vivo and in vitro data in order to highlight how adiponectin may affect obesity-associated female cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Daniela Naimo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tvarijonaviciute A, Zamora C, Martinez-Subiela S, Tecles F, Pina F, Lopez-Jornet P. Salivary adiponectin, but not adenosine deaminase, correlates with clinical signs in women with Sjögren's syndrome: a pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 23:1407-1414. [PMID: 30030617 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate salivary adiponectin and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in women suffering from Sjögren's syndrome (SS). METHODS Salivary adiponectin and ADA were measured in patients with SS (n = 17) and compared to their values in healthy controls (n = 13) and patients suffering from drug-induced xerostomia (non-SS sicca group; n = 19). A clinical history was made for each patient, patients were examined clinically, and xerostomia inventory (XI) was performed. RESULTS Salivary adiponectin corrected by total protein was higher in patients with SS than in healthy individuals (P < 0.05) or patients with non-SS sicca (P < 0.01) and correlated with XI (r = 0.555; P < 0.05). Salivary ADA was higher in patients with SS and non-SS sicca compared to controls (P < 0.05 in both cases). CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that adiponectin and ADA are increased in the saliva of patients with SS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Salivary adiponectin corrected by total protein can be a potential biomarker of SS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03156569.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Carmen Zamora
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis Interlab-UMU, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Pina
- Department of Rheumatology, Morales Meseguer General University Hospital, AV Marques de los Velez S/N, 30008, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pia Lopez-Jornet
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sowa P, Misiolek M, Orecka B, Czecior E, Adamczyk-Sowa M. Serum levels of selected adipocytokines in benign and malignant parotid gland tumor patients. Cytokine 2018; 106:40-44. [PMID: 29549722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and IL-6 in patients with pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor and acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland. MATERIALS AND METHODS Venous blood samples were collected from 30 patients with pleomorphic adenoma, 21 patients with Warthin's tumor and 8 patients with acinic cell carcinoma. Serum adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, IL-6 and CRP concentrations were determined. RESULTS Our results revealed significantly lower adiponectin serum levels in patients with malignant tumors compared to benign tumor individuals. Moreover, in benign cases the level was significantly higher compared to controls. Furthermore, serum leptin concentrations of benign tumor patients were higher compared to controls. Those differences, however, were observed only in males. The serum visfatin level was elevated in all tumor subjects compared to healthy individuals, whereas the serum IL-6 concentration was similar. CONCLUSIONS We anticipate that adiponectin may play a potential protective role in salivary gland tumors. Also leptin and visfatin seem to play an important role in salivary gland tumor pathology, although in males and females leptin may act or be regulated in a different manner. The influence of visfatin on salivary gland tumors is probably independent of IL-6 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Sowa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Curie-Sklodowskiej 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Maciej Misiolek
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Curie-Sklodowskiej 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Boguslawa Orecka
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Curie-Sklodowskiej 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Czecior
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Curie-Sklodowskiej 10, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 3-go Maja 15, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Signalling pathways identified in salivary glands from primary Sjögren's syndrome patients reveal enhanced adipose tissue development. Autoimmunity 2018; 51:135-146. [PMID: 29504848 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2018.1446525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is the destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands mediated by mononuclear cell infiltration. Adipocytes can also occupy a large portion of the salivary gland (SG) tissue area, although little is known about their significance in pSS. We have previously investigated adipose tissue infiltration in SG biopsies from pSS patients and non-SS sicca controls. Our findings indicated the distinct incidence of adipose tissue replacement in pSS patients, where adipocytes were detected in interleukin (IL) 6 rich regions. We now aimed to examine the development of adipocytes in the SG microenvironment, and delineate their possible involvement in immune reactions. A microarray analysis was performed on SG from 6 pSS patients and 6 non-SS controls, where the expression levels of genes involved in adipose tissue development, inflammatory responses, and lymphoma development were assessed. Real-time PCR was carried out on SG from 14 pSS patients and 15 non-SS controls to account for IL6, IL10, and IL17 mRNA levels. Immunohistochemical staining of frozen SG tissue using IL17 was also conducted. Our results indicate signalling pathways identified in SG of pSS patients displayed genes leading to prominent adipose tissue development and reduced mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation (ARID5B, OXCT1, BDH1, SOX8, HMGCS2, FTO, ECHS1, PCCA, ACADL and ACADVL), inflammatory responses (IL1R1, IL7R, IL10RA, IL15, IL18RAP, CCL2, CCL5, CCL22, CXCR6, CD14, and CD48), and lymphoma development via JAK-STAT signalling (STAT2, TYK2, EBI3, FAS, TNFRSF1B, MAP3K8, HMOX1, LTB, TNF, STAT1, and BAK1). Genes involved in interferon production and signalling were also detected (IRF1, IRF9, and IRF7), in addition to IL6, IL10, and IL17. Higher mRNA levels of IL6, IL17 and IL10 were observed in the SG of pSS patients compared to controls. Moreover, IL17 positive cells were detected mostly interstitially in the SG and around adipocytes, also within the focal infiltrates. In conclusion, adipocyte development seems to be more prominent in the SG of pSS patients, where adipose tissue replacement is also evident. Whether this is due to disease progression, or the repair process, remains to be investigated. Detection of IL17 positive adipocytes in the target organ suggests their involvement in immune reactions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Xue K, Wang Y, Niu L, Li L, Zhong T, Guo J, Feng J, Song T, Zhang H. Molecular and functional characterization of the adiponectin (AdipoQ) gene in goat skeletal muscle satellite cells. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 31:1088-1097. [PMID: 29381891 PMCID: PMC6043445 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Objective It is commonly accepted that adiponectin binds to its two receptors to regulate fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes. To better understand their functions in the regulation of intramuscular adipogenesis in goats, we cloned the three genes (adiponectin [AdipoQ], adiponectin receptor 1 [AdipoR1], and AdipoR2) encoding these proteins and detected their mRNA distribution in different tissues. We also determined the role of AdipoQ in the adipogenic differentiation of goat skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Methods SMSCs were isolated using 1 mg/mL Pronase E from the longissimus dorsi muscles of 3-day-old female Nanjiang brown goats. Adipogenic differentiation was induced in satellite cells by transferring the cells to Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium supplemented with an isobutylmethylxanthine, dexamethasone and insulin cocktail. The pEGFP-N1-AD plasmid was transfected into SMSCs using Lipofectamine 2000. Expression of adiponectin in tissues and SMSCs was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining. Results The three genes were predominantly expressed in adipose and skeletal muscle tissues. According to fluorescence and immunocytochemical analyses, adiponectin protein expression was only observed in the cytoplasm, suggesting that adiponectin is localized to the cytoplasm of goat SMSCs. In SMSCs overexpressing the AdipoQ gene, adiponectin promoted SMSC differentiation into adipocytes and significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated expression of AdipoR2, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty-acid synthase, and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1, though expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and AdipoR1 did not change significantly. Conclusion Adiponectin induced SMSC differentiation into adipocytes, indicating that adiponectin may promote intramuscular adipogenesis in goat SMSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Xue
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhong
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiazhong Guo
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Tianzeng Song
- Institute of Animal Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Science, Lhasa, China
| | - Hongping Zhang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Skopouli FN, Katsiougiannis S. How stress contributes to autoimmunity-lessons from Sjögren's syndrome. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:5-14. [PMID: 29223133 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A large body of clinical evidence on the association between stressful life events and autoimmune diseases suggests that stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of these disorders. In this article, we discuss the effects of stress, not on the immune system but on specific cell populations against which the autoimmune reactivity is directed. Using Sjögren's syndrome as a model autoimmune disease, we review the role of stress in the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmune reactivity. We present data that reveal the effects of stress on salivary gland epithelial cells, suggesting that stress can become immunogenic through its various effects on salivary gland epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fotini N Skopouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.,Department of Internal Medicine and Autoimmune Diseases, Euroclinic of Athens, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Leehan KM, Pezant NP, Rasmussen A, Grundahl K, Moore JS, Radfar L, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Lessard CJ, Rhodus NL, Segal BM, Kaufman CE, Scofield RH, Sivils KL, Montgomery C, Farris AD. Fatty infiltration of the minor salivary glands is a selective feature of aging but not Sjögren's syndrome. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:451-457. [PMID: 28988489 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1385776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the presence and assess the extent of fatty infiltration of the minor salivary glands (SG) of primary SS patients (pSS) as compared to those with non-SS sicca (nSS). METHODS Minor SG biopsy samples from 134 subjects with pSS (n = 72) or nSS (n = 62) were imaged. Total area and fatty replacement area for each glandular cross-section (n = 4-6 cross-sections per subject) were measured using Image J (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD). The observer was blinded to subject classification status. The average area of fatty infiltration calculated per subject was evaluated by logistic regression and general linearized models (GLM) to assess relationships between fatty infiltration and clinical exam results, extent of fibrosis and age. RESULTS The average area of fatty infiltration for subjects with pSS (median% (range) 4.97 (0.05-30.2)) was not significantly different from that of those with nSS (3.75 (0.087-41.9). Infiltration severity varied widely, and subjects with fatty replacement greater than 6% were equivalently distributed between pSS and nSS participants (χ2 p = .50). Age accounted for all apparent relationships between fatty infiltration and fibrosis or reduced saliva flow. The all-inclusive GLM for prediction of pSS versus non-SS classification including fibrosis, age, fatty replacement, and focus score was not significantly different from any desaturated model. In no iteration of the model did fatty replacement exert a significant effect on the capacity to predict pSS classification. CONCLUSIONS Fatty infiltration is an age-associated phenomenon and not a selective feature of Sjögren's syndrome. Sicca patients who do not fulfil pSS criteria have similar rates of fatty infiltration of the minor SG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M Leehan
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Nathan P Pezant
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Jacen S Moore
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Lida Radfar
- c College of Dentistry , OUHSC , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - David M Lewis
- c College of Dentistry , OUHSC , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Donald U Stone
- d Department of Ophthalmology , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Nelson L Rhodus
- e Division of Oral Medicine and Diagnosis, Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | - Barbara M Segal
- f Division of Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases , University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , MN , USA
| | | | - R Hal Scofield
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,g Department of Medicine , OUHSC , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,h Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Courtney Montgomery
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - A Darise Farris
- a Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program , Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA.,b Department of Pathology , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC) , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Adiponectin Is Involved in Connective Tissue Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation, Migration and Overproduction of the Extracellular Matrix in Keloid Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18051044. [PMID: 28498357 PMCID: PMC5454956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, exerts pleiotropic biological effects on metabolism, inflammation, vascular homeostasis, apoptosis and immunity. Recently, adiponectin has been suggested to attenuate the progression of human dermal fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is induced in keloids and is thought to be participated in the formation of keloid fibrosis. However, the roles played by adiponectin in keloids remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of adiponectin on CTGF-induced cell proliferation, migration and the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and their associated intracellular signalling pathways in keloid fibroblasts (KFs). We also explored possible mechanisms of keloid pathogenesis. Primary fibroblast cultures were established from foreskin biopsies and skin biopsies from patients with keloids. The expression of adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (adipoRs) was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), quantitative real-time RT-PCR, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemical analysis. Next, KFs and normal dermal fibroblasts (NFs) were treated with CTGF in the presence or absence of adiponectin. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and the Transwell assay were used to examine cell proliferation and migration. The level of the collagen I, fibronectin (FN) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) mRNAs and proteins were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and western blotting. The effects of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting the adipoR genes were detected. Phosphorylation of adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase (PI3K-Akt) were examined by western blotting to further investigate the signalling pathways. Furthermore, inhibitors of signal transduction pathways were investigated. The expression levels of adiponectin and adipoRs were significantly decreased in keloids compared with those in normal skin tissue. Adiponectin suppressed the CTGF-induced KFs, but not NFs, proliferation, migration and ECM production. Moreover, adiponectin inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK), but not that of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) or Akt, in CTGF-treated KFs. The activity of adiponectin-mediated signalling pathways was attenuated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting adipoR1 (but not siRNAs targeting adipoR2, T-cadherin or calreticulin), AMPK (Compound C), p38 (SB203580) inhibitors, and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (PD98059). Based on our results, adiponectin suppresses CTGF-induced KFs proliferation, migration and ECM overproduction. One of the underlying mechanisms is the activation of the adipoR1, AMPK, p38, and ERK signalling pathways. Therefore, adiponectin may play an important role in the progression of keloids, suggesting a potential novel target for keloid treatment.
Collapse
|
25
|
Riis JL, Bryce CI, Ha T, Hand T, Stebbins JL, Matin M, Jaedicke KM, Granger DA. Adiponectin: Serum-saliva associations and relations with oral and systemic markers of inflammation. Peptides 2017; 91:58-64. [PMID: 28363793 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses gaps in our understanding about the validity and utility of using salivary adiponectin to index serum adiponectin levels. Matched blood and saliva samples were collected on a single occasion from healthy adults (n=99; age 18-36 years, 53% male). Serum and saliva was assayed for adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα), and saliva was also assayed for markers of blood contamination (transferrin), total protein (salivary flow rate) and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8). We examined the extent to which salivary adiponectin was associated with serum adiponectin, and the influence of potential confounders on the serum-saliva correlation, including age, sex, body mass index, and markers of inflammation, oral health, salivary blood contamination, and flow rate. Findings revealed a modest serum-saliva association for adiponectin, and strong positive associations between salivary adiponectin and salivary levels of inflammatory cytokines, MMP-8, transferrin, and total protein. By contrast, salivary adiponectin was not related to serum levels of inflammatory activity. The magnitude of the serum-saliva association was strengthened when controlling for total protein in saliva, blood leakage into oral fluid, salivary inflammatory cytokines, and MMP-8. The pattern of findings extends our understanding of salivary adiponectin and its potential use as an index of circulating adiponectin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Riis
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Crystal I Bryce
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Thao Ha
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracey Hand
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA
| | - John L Stebbins
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Marla Matin
- Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA
| | - Katrin M Jaedicke
- School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA; Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Acute and Chronic Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, MD, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, USA; Salimetrics Research and Technology Center, Carlsbad, CA, USA; Salivary Bioscience Laboratory and Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Erbasan F, Alikanoğlu AS, Yazısız V, Karasu U, Balkarlı A, Sezer C, Terzioğlu ME. Leptin and leptin receptors in salivary glands of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:1010-1014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
de Carvalho PM, Gavião MBD, Carpenter GH. Altered autophagy and sympathetic innervation in salivary glands from high-fat diet mice. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 75:107-113. [PMID: 27825677 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to investigate the effects of a high fat diet (HFD) on salivary glands in vivo, in a mouse model. In particular, whether it will induce the appearance of fat cells in salivary glands, alterations related to autophagy, mTOR pathway and sympathetic innervation. DESIGN 27 adult female ICR mice were separated in six groups. Three groups fed with (HFD) containing 55% fat, for one, two and three month and another three groups fed with normal diet (2.7% of fat), for the same time periods. The submandibular glands and liver were dissected and part homogenized for protein analyses and part fixed in formalin for histological analyses. RESULTS After three months the HFD fed mice total body weight fold change increased compared to controls. The Oil Red O staining showed no fat cells deposit in salivary gland however a large increase was observed in liver after three months of HFD. Adiponectin levels were significantly decreased in the HFD group after three months. The group fed with HFD for three months showed increased conversion of the LC3 autophagy marker in salivary gland. mTOR showed no activation regarding the time point studied. Tyrosine hydroxylase significantly decreased after two and three month of HFD. CONCLUSION HFD caused several changes after three months however the earliest change was noticed after two months regarding sympathetic innervation. This suggests neural alteration may drive other diet induced changes in salivary glands. These early changes may be the starting point for longer term alterations of salivary glands with alterations in diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polliane Morais de Carvalho
- Salivary Research, Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School,University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira 901, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Guy Howard Carpenter
- Salivary Research, Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London Dental Institute, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fields DA, Schneider CR, Pavela G. A narrative review of the associations between six bioactive components in breast milk and infant adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1213-21. [PMID: 27151491 PMCID: PMC5325144 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This narrative review examines six important non-nutritive substances in breast milk, many of which were thought to have little to no biological significance. The overall objective is to provide background on key bioactive factors in breast milk believed to have an effect on infant outcomes (growth and body composition). METHODS The evidence for the effects of the following six bioactive compounds in breast milk on infant growth outcomes are reviewed: insulin, leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RESULTS The existing literature on the effects of breast milk insulin, ghrelin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and their associations with infant growth and adiposity is sparse. Of the bioactive compounds reviewed, leptin and adiponectin are the most researched. Data reveal that breast milk adiponectin has negative associations with growth in infancy. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for innovative, well-designed studies to improve causal inference and advance our understanding in the effects of breast milk and its components on offspring growth and body composition. The recommendations provided, along with careful consideration of both known and unknown factors that affect breast milk composition, will help improve, standardize, and ultimately advance this emergent field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University
of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Camille R Schneider
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL
| | - Gregory Pavela
- Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Skarstein K, Aqrawi LA, Øijordsbakken G, Jonsson R, Jensen JL. Adipose tissue is prominent in salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome patients and appears to influence the microenvironment in these organs. Autoimmunity 2016; 49:338-46. [PMID: 27206986 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2016.1183656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A minor salivary gland (SG) biopsy with focal lymphocytic sialadenitis and a focus score of ≥1 is today's widely accepted pathological finding confirming the SG component of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Adipocytes can occupy a large percentage of the SG area although little is known about their significance in SS lesions. This study aimed to characterise adipose tissue infiltration in labial SG biopsies from 27 SS patients and 28 non-SS sicca controls. Biopsies were evaluated by one oral pathologist and assessed for focus score, acinar atrophy, fatty replacement and non-specific chronic inflammation. Moreover, to explore the SG microenvironment, immunohistochemical staining of paraffin-embedded SG tissue was performed using interleukin-6 (IL-6). The fatty replacement was evident in all SS patients possessing autoantibodies (Ro/SSA and/or La/SSB) as well as a positive SG biopsy (focus score ≥1). Additionally, 62% of SS patients having autoantibodies but a negative biopsy showed fatty infiltration (FI) while non-SS controls demonstrated fatty replacement in only 32% of the cases. Overall, the SS group (mean age 53.0 years) had a significantly higher incidence (p value 0.005) of FI than the non-SS controls (mean age 54.8 years). Interestingly, adipocytes were located in IL-6 rich areas, and IL-6 positive adipocytes were detected. As fat deposition seems to be more recurrent in SGs affected by SS, we propose the assessment of adipose tissue replacement as a helpful tool for diagnostic evaluation in SS. Detection of IL-6 positive adipocytes suggests their involvement in immune reactions. Still, functional studies are needed to investigate the SG microenvironment further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine Skarstein
- a Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway .,b Department of Pathology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | - Lara A Aqrawi
- a Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway .,c Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Gunnvor Øijordsbakken
- a Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway
| | - Roland Jonsson
- d Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway , and.,e Department of Rheumatology , Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lee KE, Park DJ, Choi SE, Kang JH, Yim YR, Kim JE, Lee JW, Wen L, Kim TJ, Park YW, Lee JS, Yoon KC, Lee SS. Chemokine (C-X-C Motif) Ligand 1 (CXCL1) Expression in the Minor Salivary Glands of Sjögren's Syndrome Patients. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2016.23.5.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Eun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoun Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yi-Rang Yim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong-Won Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Lihui Wen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong-Wook Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Shin Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung Chul Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Shin-Seok Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nigro E, Piombino P, Scudiero O, Monaco ML, Schettino P, Chambery A, Daniele A. Evaluation of salivary adiponectin profile in obese patients. Peptides 2015; 63:150-5. [PMID: 25481860 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic inflammatory disease significantly risen worldwide, especially among children. Adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, are hormones involved in various cellular processes such as energy metabolism and inflammation. Among the others, adiponectin is gaining increasing interest for its insulin-sentitizing, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. This adipokine undergoes different post-translational modifications, after which it circulates as oligomers of high, medium and low molecular weight (HMW, MMW, LMW); HMW are the most biologically active oligomers. Serum adiponectin levels as well as the amount of its oligomers are inversely correlated to BMI and closely associated with obesity and related diseases. In this study, we analyzed total adiponectin expression and its oligomeric profile in saliva samples from 27 obese compared to 27 age- and sex-matched controls. Moreover, we compared adiponectin oligomerization between serum and saliva samples. The analysis of the different adiponectin oligomers reveals a slightly higher expression of total, HMW and LMW salivary adiponectin in obese patients compared to controls. Finally, FPLC analysis evidenced that HMW oligomers in saliva have a higher molecular weight than in serum confirming the presence of more complex oligomers in saliva, previously identified as super HMW (S-HMW). Saliva is considered a potential source of novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of metabolic disorders. The assessment of total adiponectin and its oligomeric profiles in saliva samples may represent a promising biological marker for the analysis of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - P Piombino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Portici, Italy
| | - O Scudiero
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - M L Monaco
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - P Schettino
- Divisione di Oncologia Chirurgica, "F. Magrassi-A. Lanzara" Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Clinica e Sperimentale, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - A Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy; IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - A Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche Farmaceutiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 42, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tvarijonaviciute A, Carrillo-Sanchez JD, García-Martinez JD, Tecles F, Martinez-Subiela S, German AJ, Ceron JJ. Measurement of salivary adiponectin concentrations in dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2014; 43:416-21. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Juana D. Carrillo-Sanchez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology; Iterlab-UMU; Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Juan D. García-Martinez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology; Iterlab-UMU; Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Fernando Tecles
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology; Iterlab-UMU; Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Silvia Martinez-Subiela
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology; Iterlab-UMU; Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| | - Alexander J. German
- Department of Obesity and Endocrinology; University of Liverpool; Leahurst Campus; Neston UK
| | - Jose J. Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology; Iterlab-UMU; Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum; University of Murcia; Murcia Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lin H, Maeda K, Fukuhara A, Shimomura I, Ito T. Molecular expression of adiponectin in human saliva. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:294-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
34
|
Abella V, Scotece M, Conde J, López V, Lazzaro V, Pino J, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Adipokines, metabolic syndrome and rheumatic diseases. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:343746. [PMID: 24741591 PMCID: PMC3987880 DOI: 10.1155/2014/343746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders that result from the increasing prevalence of obesity. The major components of MetS include insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. MetS identifies the central obesity with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis, have increased prevalence of CVDs. Moreover, CVD risk is increased when obesity is present in these patients. However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Thus, MetS and the altered secretion patterns of proinflammatory adipokines present in obesity could be the link between CVDs and rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, adipokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of MetS and its comorbidities through their effects on vascular function and inflammation. In the present paper, we review recent evidence of the role played by adipokines in the modulation of MetS in the general population, and in patients with rheumatic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Abella
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Coruña (UDC), 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Morena Scotece
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier Conde
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Verónica López
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Verónica Lazzaro
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain ; University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jesús Pino
- SERGAS, Division of Orthopaedics Surgery and Traumatology, Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Juan J Gómez-Reino
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Oreste Gualillo
- SERGAS, Research Laboratory 9, NEIRID Lab (Neuroendocrine Interactions in Rheumatology and Inflammatory Diseases), Institute of Medical Research (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A comprehensive review of autoantibodies in primary Sjögren's syndrome: clinical phenotypes and regulatory mechanisms. J Autoimmun 2013; 51:67-74. [PMID: 24333103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by periepithelial lymphocytic infiltrates in affected tissues and the production of plethora of autoantibodies. Among them autoimmune responses against Ro/SSA and La/SSB are of major importance since their detection is routinely used for disease diagnosis and clinical characterization. Although the exact mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis are not fully understood, the important role of salivary gland epithelial cells (SGEC) in the initiation and development of the local immune responses is well-established. SGECs are also capable to mediate the exposure of the Ro/SSA and La/SSB autoantigens to the immune system by elevated apoptosis and autoantigen release in apoptotic bodies and/or by the secretion of autoantigen-containing exosomes. The expression of these autoantigens in epithelial cells appears to be tightly regulated. Up-to-date, signaling of certain innate immunity receptors, such as TLR3, appear to be implicated in the regulation of Ro/SSA and La/SSB expression by SGECs, whereas the deregulated expression of certain miRNAs that are predicted to target them in SS patients suggests a regulatory feedback at the post-transcriptional level. In the periphery, the humoral autoimmune responses are further regulated by the development of an active network of idiotypic-antiidiotypic antibodies. The plethora of mechanisms suggests that autoimmune humoral responses in SS are tightly regulated. In this review, the major humoral autoimmune responses, recent advances on the role of epithelial cells in their development, as well as possible regulatory mechanisms will be discussed.
Collapse
|
36
|
Su YC, Xiang RL, Zhang Y, Ding C, Cong X, Guo XH, Yang NY, Hua H, Wu LL, Yu GY. Decreased submandibular adiponectin is involved in the progression of autoimmune sialoadenitis in non-obese diabetic mice. Oral Dis 2013; 20:744-55. [PMID: 24134190 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a possible role of adiponectin in the pathogenesis of autoimmune sialoadenitis in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of Sjögren's syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1/2) was detected by PCR, immunoblotting, or immunofluorescence. The level of adiponectin was quantified by ELISA. Adiponectin-related signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined by PCR or immunoblotting. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining, flow cytometry, and caspase 3 activation. RESULTS Adiponectin and AdipoR1/2 mRNA and protein were expressed in submandibular glands. Adiponectin immunostaining was widely diffused in the cytoplasm of acinar and ductal cells. AdipoR1 was mainly distributed in acinar cytoplasm, while AdipoR2 was predominantly located at acinar cell membrane. Submandibular adiponectin levels were reduced during the progression of autoimmune sialoadenitis in 7-, 14-, and 21-week-old NOD mice, while AdipoR1/2 levels were unchanged. The levels of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase were decreased, while interferon (IFN)-γ and glandular apoptosis were temporally increased at all time points. Moreover, exogenous adiponectin supplement inhibited, whereas neutralizing endogenous adiponectin by its antibody promoted IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 activation in cultured submandibular acinar cells. CONCLUSIONS Adiponectin plays a protective role on submandibular cells. Decreased adiponectin might promote glandular destruction in autoimmune sialoadenitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y-C Su
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Center for Salivary Gland Diseases of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang J, Lin SC, Chen G, He L, Hu Z, Chan L, Trial J, Entman ML, Wang Y. Adiponectin promotes monocyte-to-fibroblast transition in renal fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:1644-59. [PMID: 23833260 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived fibroblasts may contribute substantially to the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis through the excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix. However, the mechanisms underlying the accumulation and activation of these fibroblasts are not understood. Here, we used a mouse model of tubulointerstitial fibrosis to determine whether adiponectin, which is elevated in CKD and is associated with disease progression, regulates monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and fibroblast activation in injured kidneys. In wild-type mice, the expression of adiponectin and the number of bone marrow-derived fibroblasts in the kidney increased after renal obstruction. In contrast, the obstructed kidneys of adiponectin-knockout mice had fewer bone marrow-derived fibroblasts. Adiponectin deficiency also led to a reduction in the number of myofibroblasts, the expression of profibrotic chemokines and cytokines, and the number of procollagen-expressing M2 macrophages in injured kidneys. Consistent with these findings, adiponectin-deficiency reduced the expression of collagen I and fibronectin. Similar results were observed in wild-type and adiponectin-knockout mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury. In cultured bone marrow-derived monocytes, adiponectin stimulated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and extracellular matrix proteins and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, specific activation of AMPK increased the expression of α-SMA and extracellular matrix proteins, while inhibition of AMPK attenuated these responses. Taken together, these findings identify adiponectin as a critical regulator of monocyte-to-fibroblast transition and renal fibrosis, suggesting that inhibition of adiponectin/AMPK signaling may represent a novel therapeutic target for fibrotic kidney disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Sun Y, Zang Z, Zhong L, Wu M, Su Q, Gao X, Zan W, Lin D, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. Identification of adiponectin receptor agonist utilizing a fluorescence polarization based high throughput assay. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63354. [PMID: 23691032 PMCID: PMC3653934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, the adipose-derived hormone, plays an important role in the suppression of metabolic disorders that can result in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. It has been shown that up-regulation of adiponectin or adiponectin receptor has a number of therapeutic benefits. Given that it is hard to convert the full size adiponectin protein into a viable drug, adiponectin receptor agonists could be designed or identified using high-throughput screening. Here, we report on the development of a two-step screening process to identify adiponectin agonists. First step, we developed a high throughput screening assay based on fluorescence polarization to identify adiponectin ligands. The fluorescence polarization assay reported here could be adapted to screening against larger small molecular compound libraries. A natural product library containing 10,000 compounds was screened and 9 hits were selected for validation. These compounds have been taken for the second-step in vitro tests to confirm their agonistic activity. The most active adiponectin receptor 1 agonists are matairesinol, arctiin, (-)-arctigenin and gramine. The most active adiponectin receptor 2 agonists are parthenolide, taxifoliol, deoxyschizandrin, and syringin. These compounds may be useful drug candidates for hypoadiponectin related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Sun
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhihe Zang
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ling Zhong
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Min Wu
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qing Su
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xiurong Gao
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wang Zan
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Chengdu Lang-Guan Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhonglin Zhang
- Chengdu Medical College, Pharmacy School, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ding C, Li L, Su YC, Xiang RL, Cong X, Yu HK, Li SL, Wu LL, Yu GY. Adiponectin increases secretion of rat submandibular gland via adiponectin receptors-mediated AMPK signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63878. [PMID: 23667684 PMCID: PMC3646765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1/2) are expressed in various tissues and are involved in the regulation of multiple functions such as energy metabolism and inflammatory responses. However, the effect of adiponectin and AdipoRs in submandibular glands has not been fully evaluated. In the present study, we found that mRNA and protein of both adiponectin and AdipoR1/2 were expressed in rat submandibular glands and in the SMG-C6 cell line, as evidenced by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining showed that adiponectin was diffused in the cytoplasm, while AdipoR1/2 was concentrated in the membrane of acinar cells. Saliva flow was significantly increased by full length adiponectin (fAd) or globular adiponectin (gAd) perfusion in isolated rat submandibular glands. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, also increased saliva secretion. fAd, gAd, and AICAR all increased the average width of apical tight junctions in perfused submandibular glands, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in SMG-C6 cells, suggesting that adiponectin promoted secretion by modulating paracellular permeability. fAd and gAd increased p-AMPK levels, while AraA, an AMPK antagonist, abolished fAd- and gAd-induced changes in secretion, tight junction ultrastructure, and TER. Moreover, both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 were required for fAd- or gAd-induced p-AMPK and TER responses, suggesting from their inhibition following AdipoR1 or AdipoR2 knockdown, and co-knockdown of AdipoRs by RNA interference. Our results suggest that adiponectin functions as a promoter of salivary secretion in rat submandibular glands via activation of AdipoRs, AMPK, and paracellular permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ding
- Center for Salivary Gland Diseases and Center Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zolotukhin S. Metabolic hormones in saliva: origins and functions. Oral Dis 2013; 19:219-29. [PMID: 22994880 PMCID: PMC3530011 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The salivary proteome consists of thousands of proteins, which include, among others, hormonal modulators of energy intake and output. Although the functions of this prominent category of hormones in whole body energy metabolism are well characterized, their functions in the oral cavity, whether as a salivary component, or when expressed in taste cells, are less studied and poorly understood. The respective receptors for the majority of salivary metabolic hormones have been also shown to be expressed in salivary glands (SGs), taste cells, or other cells in the oral mucosa. This review provides a comprehensive account of the gastrointestinal hormones, adipokines, and neuropeptides identified in saliva, SGs, or lingual epithelium, as well as their respective cognate receptors expressed in the oral cavity. Surprisingly, few functions are assigned to salivary metabolic hormones, and these functions are mostly associated with the modulation of taste perception. Because of the well-characterized correlation between impaired oral nutrient sensing and increased energy intake and body mass index, a conceptually provocative point of view is introduced, whereupon it is argued that targeted changes in the composition of saliva could affect whole body metabolism in response to the activation of cognate receptors expressed locally in the oral mucosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Zolotukhin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sun S, Wang W, Latchman Y, Gao D, Aronow B, Reems JA. Expression of plasma membrane receptor genes during megakaryocyte development. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:217-27. [PMID: 23321270 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00056.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte (MK) development is critically informed by plasma membrane-localized receptors that integrate a multiplicity of environmental cues. Given that the current understanding about receptors and ligands involved in megakaryocytopoiesis is based on single targets, we performed a genome-wide search to identify a plasma membrane receptome for developing MKs. We identified 40 transmembrane receptor genes as being upregulated during MK development. Seven of the 40 receptor-associated genes were selected to validate the dataset. These genes included: interleukin-9 receptor (IL9R), transforming growth factor, β receptor II (TGFBR2), interleukin-4 receptor (IL4R), colony stimulating factor-2 receptor-beta (CSFR2B), adiponectin receptor (ADIPOR2), thrombin receptor (F2R), and interleukin-21 receptor (IL21R). RNA and protein analyses confirmed their expression in primary human MKs. Matched ligands to IL9R, TGFBR2, IL4R, CSFR2B, and ADIPOR2 affected megakaryocytopoiesis. IL9 was unique in its ability to increase the number of MKs formed. In contrast, MK colony formation was inhibited by adiponectin, TGF-β, IL4, and GM-CSF. The thrombin-F2R axis affected platelet function, but not MK development, while IL21 had no apparent detectable effects. ADP-induced platelet aggregation was suppressed by IL9, TGF-β, IL4, and adiponectin. Overall, six of seven of the plasma membrane receptors were confirmed to have functional roles in MK and platelet biology. Also, results show for the first time that adiponectin plays a regulatory role in MK development. Together these data support a strong likelihood that the 40 transmembrane genes identified as being upregulated during MK development will be an important resource to the research community for deciphering the complex repertoire of environmental cues regulating megakaryocytopoiesis and/or platelet function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Sun
- Department of Bioengineering, 2Puget Sound Blood Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Adiponectin is a multifunctional cytokine that has a role in regulating inflammation. Here we determined if adiponectin modulates ischemic acute kidney injury. Compared with wild-type mice, adiponectin knockout mice were found to have lower serum creatinine and less tubular damage or apoptosis following ischemia/reperfusion injury. This latter process was associated with decreased Bax and reduced activation of p53 and caspase-3. Targeted disruption of adiponectin was also found to inhibit the infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells into the injured kidneys. This was associated with an inhibition of NF-κB activation and reduced expression of the proinflammatory molecules IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, and MIP-2 in the kidney after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Wild-type mice engrafted with adiponectin null bone marrow had less kidney dysfunction and tubular damage than adiponectin null mice engrafted with wild-type bone marrow. Conversely, adiponectin null mice engrafted with wild-type bone marrow had similar renal dysfunction and tubular damage compared to wild-type mice engrafted with wild-type bone marrow. In cultured macrophages, adiponectin directly promoted macrophage migration; a process blocked by the PI3 kinase inhibitor, LY294002. Thus, our results show that adiponectin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury and may be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Adiponectin has anti-diabetic properties and patients with obesity, diabetes and insulin resistance have low plasma adiponectin levels. However, although kidney disease is associated with insulin resistance, adiponectin is elevated in end stage renal disease. Here we determine if adipose tissue production of adiponectin is increased in renal disease in a case-control study of 36 patients with end stage renal disease and 23 kidney donors. Blood and tissue samples were obtained at kidney transplantation and donation. The mean plasma adiponectin level was significantly increased to 15.6 mg/ml in cases compared to 8.4 mg/ml in controls. Plasma levels of the inflammatory adipokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6 and high sensitivity C-reactive protein were significantly higher in cases compared to controls. Adiponectin mRNA and protein expression in visceral and subcutaneous fat was significantly higher in cases than controls while adiponectin receptor 1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in peripheral blood cells, muscle and adipose tissue in cases compared to controls. Thus, our study suggests that adipose tissue production of adiponectin contributes to the high plasma levels seen in end stage renal disease.
Collapse
|
44
|
A link between interferon and augmented plasmin generation in exocrine gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome. J Autoimmun 2012; 40:122-33. [PMID: 23110742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that targets exocrine glands, but often exhibits systemic manifestations. Infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands by lymphoid and myeloid cells orchestrates a perpetuating immune response leading to exocrine gland damage and dysfunction. Th1 and Th17 lymphocyte populations and their products recruit additional lymphocytes, including B cells, but also large numbers of macrophages, which accumulate with disease progression. In addition to cytokines, chemokines, chitinases, and lipid mediators, macrophages contribute to a proteolytic milieu, underlying tissue destruction, inappropriate repair, and compromised glandular functions. Among the proteases enhanced in this local environment are matrix metalloproteases (MMP) and plasmin, generated by plasminogen activation, dependent upon plasminogen activators, such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Not previously associated with salivary gland pathology, our evidence implicates enhanced tPA in the context of inflamed salivary glands revolving around lymphocyte-mediated activation of macrophages. Tracking down the mechanism of macrophage plasmin activation, the cytokines IFNγ and to a lesser extent, IFNα, via Janus kinase (JAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) activation, were found to be pivotal for driving the plasmin cascade of proteolytic events culminating in perpetuation of the inflammation and tissue damage, and suggesting intervention strategies to blunt irreversible tissue destruction.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dalamaga M, Diakopoulos KN, Mantzoros CS. The role of adiponectin in cancer: a review of current evidence. Endocr Rev 2012; 33:547-94. [PMID: 22547160 PMCID: PMC3410224 DOI: 10.1210/er.2011-1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Excess body weight is associated not only with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) but also with various types of malignancies. Adiponectin, the most abundant protein secreted by adipose tissue, exhibits insulin-sensitizing, antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Circulating adiponectin levels, which are determined predominantly by genetic factors, diet, physical activity, and abdominal adiposity, are decreased in patients with diabetes, CVD, and several obesity-associated cancers. Also, adiponectin levels are inversely associated with the risk of developing diabetes, CVD, and several malignancies later in life. Many cancer cell lines express adiponectin receptors, and adiponectin in vitro limits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis. Recent in vitro studies demonstrate the antiangiogenic and tumor growth-limiting properties of adiponectin. Studies in both animals and humans have investigated adiponectin and adiponectin receptor regulation and expression in several cancers. Current evidence supports a role of adiponectin as a novel risk factor and potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer. In addition, either adiponectin per se or medications that increase adiponectin levels or up-regulate signaling pathways downstream of adiponectin may prove to be useful anticancer agents. This review presents the role of adiponectin in carcinogenesis and cancer progression and examines the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the association between adiponectin and malignancy in the context of a dysfunctional adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding of these mechanisms may be important for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies against obesity-associated malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalamaga
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Attikon General University Hospital, University of Athens, School of Medicine, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Role of adipokines in atherosclerosis: interferences with cardiovascular complications in rheumatic diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:125458. [PMID: 22910888 PMCID: PMC3403095 DOI: 10.1155/2012/125458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatic diseases have an increased risk of mortality by cardiovascular events. In fact, several rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although traditional cardiovascular risk factors have been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases in rheumatic patients, these alterations do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Obesity and its pathologic alteration of fat mass and dysfunction, due to an altered pattern of secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, could be one of the links between cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases. Indeed, the incidence of CVDs is augmented in obese individuals with rheumatic disorders. Thus, in this paper we explore in detail the relationships among adipokines, rheumatic diseases, and cardiovascular complications by giving to the reader a holistic vision and several suggestions for future perspectives and potential clinical implications.
Collapse
|
47
|
Krysiak R, Handzlik-Orlik G, Okopien B. The role of adipokines in connective tissue diseases. Eur J Nutr 2012; 51:513-28. [PMID: 22584415 PMCID: PMC3397228 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective To discuss the relationship between adipokines and connective tissue diseases, by putting special emphasis on the potential role of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and other adipose tissue products in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus and on possible application of adipokine-targeted therapy in the treatment of these disorders with emphasis on the recent findings. Methods PubMed literature search complemented by review of bibliographies listed in identified articles. Results Most of the data presented by different research groups showed changed levels of leptin, adiponectin, and resistin and occasionally also other adpokines in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The relationship between the remaining connective tissue diseases and adipokines is less documented. Conclusions Plasma levels of adipokines might tell us too little about their role in connective tissue disorders, whereas adipokine effects on synovial tissues might differ from their known metabolic or cardiovascular effects, which implies that some re-appraisal of adipokines role may need to take place. It still remains obscure whether the observed disturbances in various adipokine systems in subjects with connective tissue diseases contribute to their development or only reflect the presence or activity of inflammatory process, which itself is induced by other pro-inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18, 40-752, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tremblay M, Loucif Y, Methot J, Brisson D, Gaudet D. Salivary pH as a marker of plasma adiponectin concentrations in Women. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012; 4:4. [PMID: 22304893 PMCID: PMC3306272 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma adiponectin is a significant correlate of the pro-inflammatory cardiometabolic risk profile associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Salivary pH is influenced by several cardiometabolic risk components such as inflammation, oxidation and numerous oral and systemic health modulators, including the menopausal status. This study aimed to assess the association between plasma adiponectin concentrations and salivary pH in women according to the menopausal status. METHOD Unstimulated saliva collection was performed in 151 Caucasian women of French-Canadian origin (53 premenopausal women (PMW) and 98 menopausal women (MW)). Student's t test, ANOVA and linear regression models were used to assess the association between plasma adiponectin concentrations and salivary pH. RESULTS Plasma adiponectin levels increased as a function of salivary pH in the whole sample and among MW (r = 0.29 and r = 0.36, p < 0.001). The proportion of the variance of plasma adiponectin levels explained by the salivary pH (R2) was 10.8% (p < 0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels progressively increased across salivary pH quartiles (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that salivary pH is a significant correlate of plasma adiponectin levels in women. With the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, new technologies should be developed to more easily monitor health status, disease onset and progression. Salivary pH, a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive measure, could be a very promising avenue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Tremblay
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Yacine Loucif
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Methot
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Diane Brisson
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, ECOGENE-21 and Lipid Clinic, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dall'Aglio C, Zannoni A, Mercati F, Forni M, Bacci ML, Boiti C. Differential gene expression and immune localization of the orexin system in the major salivary glands of pigs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 172:51-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
50
|
Lago F, Gómez R, Conde J, Scotece M, Gómez-Reino JJ, Gualillo O. Cardiometabolic comorbidities and rheumatic diseases: focus on the role of fat mass and adipokines. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011; 63:1083-90. [PMID: 21523926 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Lago
- Santiago University Clinical Hospital, Institute of Medical Research, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|